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title="Астапенко, Владимир Аркадьевич – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астапенко, Владимир Аркадьевич" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Остапенко Володимир Аркадійович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Остапенко Володимир Аркадійович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6542454#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Belarusian diplomat</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Vladzimir Astapenka</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="be"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Уладзімір Астапенка</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Deputy Representative of the <a href="/wiki/United_Transitional_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="United Transitional Cabinet">United Transitional Cabinet</a> for Foreign Affairs</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />September 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya" title="Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya">Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1962-11-13</span>) </span>13 November 1962<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 62)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Byelorussian SSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_State_University" title="Belarusian State University">Belarusian State University</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vladzimir Arkadyevich Astapenka</b> (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>: <span lang="be">Уладзімір Аркадзьевіч Астапенка</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Belarusian" title="Romanization of Belarusian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Belarusian-language romanization"><i lang="be-Latn">Uladzimir Arkadzevich Astapenka</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarusian</a> diplomat who was ambassador to Cuba,<sup id="cite_ref-Granma_highlights_ties_BY_CU_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Granma_highlights_ties_BY_CU-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Peru in the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astapenka resigned in September 2020 in alignment with the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">2020–2021 Belarusian protests</a> that followed the <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">2020 Belarusian presidential election</a><sup id="cite_ref-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was nominated to several positions in the Belarusian opposition, including Deputy Representative for Foreign Affairs of the Belarusian <a href="/wiki/United_Transitional_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="United Transitional Cabinet">United Transitional Cabinet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and head of the Mission for Democratic Belarus in Brussels in October 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-Politico_Putin_doesnt_trust_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politico_Putin_doesnt_trust-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birth_and_education">Birth and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladzimir_Astapenka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Birth and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vladzimir Astapenka was born on <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1962-11-13</span>)</span>13 November 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-MFABY_ambassador_extraordinary_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFABY_ambassador_extraordinary-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_Institute_of_International_Relations" title="Moscow State Institute of International Relations">Moscow State Institute of International Relations</a> from 1980 to 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-MFABY_ambassador_extraordinary_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFABY_ambassador_extraordinary-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, he obtained his <a href="/wiki/Candidate_of_Sciences" title="Candidate of Sciences">Candidate of Sciences</a> degree (equivalent to a PhD) in <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> for his thesis on "Evolution of the European Union in the light of the provisions of the Amsterdam Treaty of 1999".<sup id="cite_ref-Astapenka_PhD_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astapenka_PhD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="University_administration">University administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladzimir_Astapenka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: University administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002 and 2003, as Vice-President for International Relations of <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_State_University" title="Belarusian State University">Belarusian State University</a> (BSU), Astapenka promoted Belarusian interests in relation to European transport links and the <a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004 enlargement of the European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Astapenka_planning_for_transport_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astapenka_planning_for_transport-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Astapenka_expansion_of_EU_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astapenka_expansion_of_EU-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also held the positions of Vice Rector and Head of the Chair of International Private and European Law at BSU.<sup id="cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomat">Diplomat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladzimir_Astapenka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diplomat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to 1991, Astapenka started work at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Belarus)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belarus)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> as the Third Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Belarus became the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Belarus">Republic of Belarus</a> in 1991, Astapenka became Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent time as a diplomat in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands">The Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2010s, Astapenka was <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Belarus" title="List of diplomatic missions of Belarus">Belarusian ambassador to Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Granma_highlights_ties_BY_CU_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Granma_highlights_ties_BY_CU-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Granma_celebrating_97th_anniv_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Granma_celebrating_97th_anniv-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, he was Belarusian ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MFABY_ambassador2Chile_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFABY_ambassador2Chile-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, he was simultaneously Belarusian ambassador to Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020–2021_Belarusian_protests"><span id="2020.E2.80.932021_Belarusian_protests"></span>2020–2021 Belarusian protests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladzimir_Astapenka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2020–2021 Belarusian protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Astapenka submitted his resignation from his ambassadorial positions on 23 September 2020, the day of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a>'s formal inauguration as re-elected president, during the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">2020–2021 Belarusian protests</a> that followed the <a href="/wiki/2020_Belarusian_presidential_election" title="2020 Belarusian presidential election">2020 Belarusian presidential election</a>. Astapenka described the date when he submitted his resignation was symbolic, and stated, "I believe in a better future for the Belarusian people!"<sup id="cite_ref-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2021, when chairing a panel discussion organised by members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, Astapenka described Lukashenko as governing with a "dictatorial style" with an "illegitimate regime ... waging a war against the people of Belarus[,] throwing hundreds of peaceful protesters to jails and terrorizing the population."<sup id="cite_ref-EUparl_EU_standing_with_people_BY_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUparl_EU_standing_with_people_BY-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belarusian_opposition">Belarusian opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladzimir_Astapenka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Belarusian opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Astapenka was appointed deputy head of <a href="/wiki/National_Anti-Crisis_Management" title="National Anti-Crisis Management">National Anti-Crisis Management</a>, an opposition group aiming to coordinate a Belarusian transition to democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-BelAbroad_protection_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BelAbroad_protection-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2022, Astapenka was appointed Deputy Representative for Foreign Affairs of the Belarusian <a href="/wiki/United_Transitional_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="United Transitional Cabinet">United Transitional Cabinet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2022, he was appointed as head of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mission_for_Democratic_Belarus_in_Brussels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mission for Democratic Belarus in Brussels (page does not exist)">Mission for Democratic Belarus in Brussels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Politico_Putin_doesnt_trust_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politico_Putin_doesnt_trust-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aims of the Mission include hosting Belarusian <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-governmental organizations">non-governmental organizations</a> and representatives of the Belarusian diaspora and taking on the role of "Free Belarus". As of October 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vladzimir_Astapenka&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Mission aimed to obtain diplomatic status with Belgian authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsikhano_launch_mission_Brussels_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsikhano_launch_mission_Brussels-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astapenka was a speaker at the October 2022 <a href="/wiki/1st_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="1st European Political Community Summit">1st European Political Community Summit</a> held in Prague.<sup id="cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When asked about <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian involvement in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Belarusian involvement in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> in December 2022, Astapenka stated that direct Belarusian military involvement in attacking Ukraine would be resisted by Belarusian soldiers and citizens, and risked destabilising Lukashenko's hold on power. Astapenka predicted that if Russia lost its war in Ukraine, then Lukashenko's power would be greatly weakened.<sup id="cite_ref-wPolityce_Lukashenko_sending_troops_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wPolityce_Lukashenko_sending_troops-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_case">Legal case</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladzimir_Astapenka&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legal case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 21 December 2022, special proceedings (a trial in absentia) began against Astapenka at a court in Minsk, with charges under Chapter 1, Article 14 and Chapter 3, Article 210 of the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_of_Belarus" title="Criminal Code of Belarus">Criminal Code of Belarus</a>. In early 2023, he was sentenced in absentia to five years in prison (the sentence was immediately reduced by one year under an amnesty due to the <a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Day_(Belarus)" title="National Unity Day (Belarus)">National Unity Day</a>) and a fine of 18,500 <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_ruble" title="Belarusian ruble">Belarusian rubles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sentence_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sentence-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladzimir_Astapenka&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Granma_highlights_ties_BY_CU-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Granma_highlights_ties_BY_CU_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Granma_highlights_ties_BY_CU_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVera_Mellado2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vera Mellado, Ernesto (2010-06-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.granma.cu/granmad/2010/06/29/nacional/artic27.html">"Subrayan lazos históricos entre Belarús y Cuba"</a> [Highlights of the historical ties between Belarus and Cuba]. <i><a href="/wiki/Granma_(newspaper)" title="Granma (newspaper)">Granma</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20221225212525/https://www.granma.cu/granmad/2010/06/29/nacional/artic27.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Granma&rft.atitle=Subrayan+lazos+hist%C3%B3ricos+entre+Belar%C3%BAs+y+Cuba&rft.date=2010-06-29&rft.aulast=Vera+Mellado&rft.aufirst=Ernesto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.granma.cu%2Fgranmad%2F2010%2F06%2F29%2Fnacional%2Fartic27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charter97_exAmbassador_Argentina_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charter97.org/en/news/2020/9/29/394998/">"Ex-Ambassador to Argentina: I Believe in a Better Future for the Belarusian People"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Charter_97" title="Charter 97">Charter 97</a></i>. 2020-09-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203230017/https://charter97.org/en/news/2020/9/29/394998">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Charter+97&rft.atitle=Ex-Ambassador+to+Argentina%3A+I+Believe+in+a+Better+Future+for+the+Belarusian+People&rft.date=2020-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharter97.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2020%2F9%2F29%2F394998%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stEPC_summit_Astapenko_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://praguesummit.eu/speaker/vladimir-astapenko">"Vladimir Astapenko"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/1st_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="1st European Political Community Summit">1st European Political Community Summit</a></i>. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20221227023939/https://praguesummit.eu/speaker/vladimir-astapenko/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1st+European+Political+Community+Summit&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Astapenko&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpraguesummit.eu%2Fspeaker%2Fvladimir-astapenko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Politico_Putin_doesnt_trust-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Politico_Putin_doesnt_trust_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Politico_Putin_doesnt_trust_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheftalovich2022" class="citation news cs1">Sheftalovich, Zoya (2022-10-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-doesnt-trust-lukashenkos-army-belarus-leader-in-exile-says">"Putin doesn't trust Lukashenko's army to fight in Ukraine, Belarus' leader-in-exile says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221225110812/https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-doesnt-trust-lukashenkos-army-belarus-leader-in-exile-says">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Putin+doesn%27t+trust+Lukashenko%27s+army+to+fight+in+Ukraine%2C+Belarus%27+leader-in-exile+says&rft.date=2022-10-14&rft.aulast=Sheftalovich&rft.aufirst=Zoya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fputin-doesnt-trust-lukashenkos-army-belarus-leader-in-exile-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MFABY_ambassador_extraordinary-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MFABY_ambassador_extraordinary_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MFABY_ambassador_extraordinary_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://argentina.mfa.gov.by/ru/embassy/ambassador">"Владимир Аркадьевич АСТАПЕНКО – Чрезвычайный и Полномочный Посол"</a> [Vladzimir Arkadievich Astapenka – Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary]. <i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Belarus)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belarus)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belarus)</a></i>. 2019-10-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227100351/https://argentina.mfa.gov.by/ru/embassy/ambassador">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+%28Belarus%29&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%9E+%E2%80%93+%D0%A7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fargentina.mfa.gov.by%2Fru%2Fembassy%2Fambassador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astapenka_PhD-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Astapenka_PhD_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstapenka2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Astapenka, Vladzimir (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dissercat.com/content/evolyutsiya-evropeiskogo-soyuza-v-svete-polozhenii-amsterdamskogo-dogovora-1999-goda">"Эволюция Европейского Союза в свете положений Амстердамского договора 1999 года"</a> [Evolution of the European Union in the light of the provisions of the Amsterdam Treaty of 1999]. <i>disserCat.com</i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140609074317/http://www.dissercat.com/content/evolyutsiya-evropeiskogo-soyuza-v-svete-polozhenii-amsterdamskogo-dogovora-1999-goda">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=disserCat.com&rft.atitle=%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+1999+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Astapenka&rft.aufirst=Vladzimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dissercat.com%2Fcontent%2Fevolyutsiya-evropeiskogo-soyuza-v-svete-polozhenii-amsterdamskogo-dogovora-1999-goda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astapenka_planning_for_transport-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Astapenka_planning_for_transport_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstapenka2003" class="citation conference cs1">Astapenka, Vladzimir (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cab.unime.it/mus/1485/1/Cust_21_437_intervento_programmato_Vladzimir_A._Astapenka.pdf"><i>Planning for transport infrastructures in the agreements between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus: their relationships with the European countries</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Politiche europee delle infrastrutture dei trasporti e sviluppo del Mezzogiorno, 26–30 agosto 2002, Santa Tecla Palace, Acireale. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Messina" title="University of Messina">University of Messina</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200530045235/https://cab.unime.it/mus/1485/1/Cust_21_437_intervento_programmato_Vladzimir_A._Astapenka.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Planning+for+transport+infrastructures+in+the+agreements+between+the+Russian+Federation+and+the+Republic+of+Belarus%3A+their+relationships+with+the+European+countries.&rft.pub=University+of+Messina&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Astapenka&rft.aufirst=Vladzimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcab.unime.it%2Fmus%2F1485%2F1%2FCust_21_437_intervento_programmato_Vladzimir_A._Astapenka.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astapenka_expansion_of_EU-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Astapenka_expansion_of_EU_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstapenka2004" class="citation conference cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Astapenka, Vladzimir (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cab.unime.it/mus/1504/1/Cust_22_95_relazione_Vladimir_Astapenka.pdf"><i>Allargamento dell'Unione Europea e grandi opere infrastrutturali in Bielorussia</i></a> [<i>Expansion of the European Union and major infrastructure projects in Belarus</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Le grandi opere infrastrutturali, il territorio e lo sviluppo sostenibile: il Ponte sullo Stretto di Messina, 25–29 agosto 2003, Santa Tecla Palace, Acireale (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Messina" title="University of Messina">University of Messina</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200530033947/https://cab.unime.it/mus/1504/1/Cust_22_95_relazione_Vladimir_Astapenka.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Allargamento+dell%27Unione+Europea+e+grandi+opere+infrastrutturali+in+Bielorussia&rft.pub=University+of+Messina&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Astapenka&rft.aufirst=Vladzimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcab.unime.it%2Fmus%2F1504%2F1%2FCust_22_95_relazione_Vladimir_Astapenka.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Granma_celebrating_97th_anniv-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Granma_celebrating_97th_anniv_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArcos2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arcos, Ramadán (2014-11-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.granma.cu/idiomas/italiano/cuba/10noviembre-celebran.html">"Celebrato il 97o anniversario della Grande Rivoluzione Socialista d'Ottobre"</a> [Celebrating the 97th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution]. <i><a href="/wiki/Granma_(newspaper)" title="Granma (newspaper)">Granma</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20221225211642/https://www.granma.cu/idiomas/italiano/cuba/10noviembre-celebran.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Granma&rft.atitle=Celebrato+il+97o+anniversario+della+Grande+Rivoluzione+Socialista+d%27Ottobre&rft.date=2014-11-10&rft.aulast=Arcos&rft.aufirst=Ramad%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.granma.cu%2Fidiomas%2Fitaliano%2Fcuba%2F10noviembre-celebran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MFABY_ambassador2Chile-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MFABY_ambassador2Chile_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/e7b232195002d16a.html">"Ambassador of Belarus V. Astapenka presents Credentials to the President of Chile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Belarus)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belarus)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belarus)</a></i>. 2019-10-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20221225204415/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/e7b232195002d16a.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+%28Belarus%29&rft.atitle=Ambassador+of+Belarus+V.+Astapenka+presents+Credentials+to+the+President+of+Chile&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.by%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fnews_mfa%2Fe7b232195002d16a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EUparl_EU_standing_with_people_BY-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EUparl_EU_standing_with_people_BY_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ireland/en/news-press/eu-standing-with-the-people-of-belarus-on-the-sakharov-centenary">"EU standing with the people of Belarus on the Sakharov Centenary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></i>. 2021-05-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701023658/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ireland/en/news-press/eu-standing-with-the-people-of-belarus-on-the-sakharov-centenary">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Parliament&rft.atitle=EU+standing+with+the+people+of+Belarus+on+the+Sakharov+Centenary&rft.date=2021-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fireland%2Fen%2Fnews-press%2Feu-standing-with-the-people-of-belarus-on-the-sakharov-centenary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BelAbroad_protection-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BelAbroad_protection_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belarusabroad.org/en/2022/05/protection-of-democratic-values">"Protection of democratic values"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus_Abroad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belarus Abroad (page does not exist)">Belarus Abroad</a></i>. 2022-05-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221225204028/https://belarusabroad.org/en/2022/05/protection-of-democratic-values">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belarus+Abroad&rft.atitle=Protection+of+democratic+values&rft.date=2022-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelarusabroad.org%2Fen%2F2022%2F05%2Fprotection-of-democratic-values&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tsikhano_launch_mission_Brussels-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tsikhano_launch_mission_Brussels_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tsikhanouskaya.org/en/events/news/f076a8ad040b3c6.html">"Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya to launch the Mission for Democratic Belarus in Brussels"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya" title="Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya">Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya</a></i>. 2022-10-13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221216090031/https://tsikhanouskaya.org/en/events/news/f076a8ad040b3c6.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sviatlana+Tsikhanouskaya&rft.atitle=Sviatlana+Tsikhanouskaya+to+launch+the+Mission+for+Democratic+Belarus+in+Brussels&rft.date=2022-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftsikhanouskaya.org%2Fen%2Fevents%2Fnews%2Ff076a8ad040b3c6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wPolityce_Lukashenko_sending_troops-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wPolityce_Lukashenko_sending_troops_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wpolityce.pl/swiat/626604-lukaszenka-wysle-wojska-na-ukraine-to-byloby-samobojstwo">"Łukaszenka wyśle wojska na Ukrainę? Białoruski opozycjonista: To byłoby dla niego samobójstwo. Zadecyduje jednak Kreml"</a> [Lukashenko sending his troops to Ukraine? Belarusian dissident: it would be suicidal. But the Kremlin will decide]. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=WPolityce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WPolityce (page does not exist)">wPolityce</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/wPolityce.pl" class="extiw" title="pl:wPolityce.pl">pl</a>]</span></i> (in Polish). 2022-12-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20221225204339/https://wpolityce.pl/swiat/626604-lukaszenka-wysle-wojska-na-ukraine-to-byloby-samobojstwo">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=wPolityce%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E+%26%2391%3Bpl%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.atitle=%C5%81ukaszenka+wy%C5%9Ble+wojska+na+Ukrain%C4%99%3F+Bia%C5%82oruski+opozycjonista%3A+To+by%C5%82oby+dla+niego+samob%C3%B3jstwo.+Zadecyduje+jednak+Kreml&rft.date=2022-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwpolityce.pl%2Fswiat%2F626604-lukaszenka-wysle-wojska-na-ukraine-to-byloby-samobojstwo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sentence-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sentence_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novychas.online/hramadstva/byloha-ambasadara-uladzimira-astapenku-zavoczna-as">"Былога амбасадара Уладзіміра Астапенку завочна асудзілі і на год вызвалілі ад пакарання"</a> [Former ambassador Uladzimir Astapenka was convicted in absentia with the punishment reduced by a year]. <i><a href="/wiki/Novy_Chas" title="Novy Chas">Novy Chas</a></i> (in Belarusian). February 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novy+Chas&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96+%D1%96+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96+%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F&rft.date=2023-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovychas.online%2Fhramadstva%2Fbyloha-ambasadara-uladzimira-astapenku-zavoczna-as&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladzimir+Astapenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Belarusian_opposition" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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opposition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_Spring" title="Minsk Spring">Minsk Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_March_(Belarus)" title="Freedom March (Belarus)">Freedom March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeans_Revolution" title="Jeans Revolution">Jeans Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Belarusian_protests" title="2010 Belarusian protests">2010 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Belarusian_protests" title="2011 Belarusian protests">2011 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddybear_Airdrop_Minsk_2012" title="Teddybear Airdrop Minsk 2012">Teddybear Airdrop Minsk 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Belarusian_protests" title="2017 Belarusian protests">2017 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">2020–2021 protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_suppression_of_the_2020_Belarusian_protests" title="Human rights issues related to the suppression of the 2020 Belarusian protests">human rights issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_related_to_the_2020_Belarusian_protests" title="List of deaths related to the 2020 Belarusian protests">related deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2020_Belarusian_presidential_election_and_protests" title="International reactions to the 2020 Belarusian presidential election and protests">international reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Annual" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Day_(Belarus)" title="Freedom Day (Belarus)">Freedom Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_Way" title="Chernobyl Way">Chernobyl Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Solidarity_with_Belarus" title="Day of Solidarity with Belarus">Day of Solidarity with Belarus</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tell_the_Truth_(Belarus)" title="Tell the Truth (Belarus)">Tell the Truth!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_97" title="Charter 97">Charter 97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus_Free_Theatre" title="Belarus Free Theatre">Belarus Free Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus_Solidarity_Foundation" title="Belarus Solidarity Foundation">Belarus Solidarity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rada_of_the_Belarusian_Democratic_Republic" title="Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic">Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viasna_Human_Rights_Centre" title="Viasna Human Rights Centre">Viasna Human Rights Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexta" title="Nexta">Nexta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Partisans" title="Cyber Partisans">Cyber Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Railway_Workers_of_Belarus" title="Community of Railway Workers of Belarus">Community of Railway Workers of Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busly_liacia%C4%87" title="Busly liaciać">Busly liaciać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYPOL" title="BYPOL">BYPOL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coordination_Council_(Belarus)" title="Coordination Council (Belarus)">Coordination<br />Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya" title="Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya">Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Dylevsky" title="Sergei Dylevsky">Sergei Dylevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Latushko" title="Pavel Latushko">Pavel Latushko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Kalesnikava" title="Maria Kalesnikava">Maria Kalesnikava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Kovalkova" title="Olga Kovalkova">Olga Kovalkova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliya_Vlasova" title="Liliya Vlasova">Liliya Vlasova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Znak" title="Maxim Znak">Maxim Znak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Anti-Crisis_Management" title="National Anti-Crisis Management">NAM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Latushko" title="Pavel Latushko">Pavel Latushko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Team</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>deputy head + foreign policy: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vladzimir Astapenka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Transitional_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="United Transitional Cabinet">United<br />Transitional<br />Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya" title="Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya">Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>transfer of power: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Latushko" title="Pavel Latushko">Pavel Latushko</a></li> <li>law and order: (Aug 2022–Aug 2023: <i><a href="/wiki/Aliaksandr_Azarau" title="Aliaksandr Azarau">Aliaksandr Azarau</a></i>)</li> <li>foreign relations: <a href="/wiki/Valery_Kavaleuski" title="Valery Kavaleuski">Valery Kavaleuski</a> <ul><li>deputy: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vladzimir Astapenka</a></li></ul></li> <li>defence and security: Aug 2022–Aug 2024: <i><a href="/wiki/Valery_Sakhashchyk" title="Valery Sakhashchyk">Valery Sakhashchyk</a></i>, Aug 2024–present: <a href="/wiki/Vadzim_Kabanchuk" title="Vadzim Kabanchuk">Vadzim Kabanchuk</a></li> <li>finance, economy: (Sep–Oct 2022: <i><a href="/wiki/Tatsiana_Zaretskaya" title="Tatsiana Zaretskaya">Tatsiana Zaretskaya</a></i>)</li> <li>national revival: <a href="/wiki/Alina_Koushyk" title="Alina Koushyk">Alina Koushyk</a></li> <li>social issues: <a href="/wiki/Volha_Harbunova" title="Volha Harbunova">Volha Harbunova</a></li> <li>youth policy: <a href="/wiki/Marharyta_Vorychava" title="Marharyta Vorychava">Marharyta Vorychava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitold_Ashurak" title="Vitold Ashurak">Vitold Ashurak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktar_Babaryka" title="Viktar Babaryka">Viktar Babaryka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikalai_Khalezin" title="Mikalai Khalezin">Mikalai Khalezin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihar_Losik" title="Ihar Losik">Ihar Losik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Protasevich" title="Roman Protasevich">Roman Protasevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikola_Statkevich" title="Mikola Statkevich">Mikola Statkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivonka_Survilla" title="Ivonka Survilla">Ivonka Survilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Alexander_Taraikovsky" title="Death of Alexander Taraikovsky">Alexander Taraikovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Tikhanovsky" title="Sergei Tikhanovsky">Sergei Tikhanovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Tsepkalo" title="Valery Tsepkalo">Valery Tsepkalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronika_Tsepkalo" title="Veronika Tsepkalo">Veronika Tsepkalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minsk_apartment_shooting" title="2021 Minsk apartment shooting">Andrei Zeltser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarusian and Russian partisan movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Belarus_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Belarus (2022–present)">Rail war in Belarus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Belarus_passport_project" title="New Belarus passport project">New Belarus passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-red-white_flag" title="White-red-white flag">White-red-white flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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