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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ujjani_Dam&params=18_04_26_N_75_07_12_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°04′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°07′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.07389°N 75.12000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">18.07389; 75.12000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dam in Madha Taluka, Solapur district</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color:skyblue;">Ujani Dam<br />Bhima Dam</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Upstream_of_the_Bhima_Dam_and_reservoir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Upstream_of_the_Bhima_Dam_and_reservoir.jpg/220px-Upstream_of_the_Bhima_Dam_and_reservoir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Upstream_of_the_Bhima_Dam_and_reservoir.jpg/330px-Upstream_of_the_Bhima_Dam_and_reservoir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Upstream_of_the_Bhima_Dam_and_reservoir.jpg/440px-Upstream_of_the_Bhima_Dam_and_reservoir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1902" data-file-height="1530" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">View of Ujani or Bhima Dam and reservoir looking upstream</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ujjani Dam is located in Maharashtra"><img alt="Ujjani Dam is located in Maharashtra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg/250px-India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg/375px-India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg/500px-India_Maharashtra_relief_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="901" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.565%;left:30.835%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ujjani Dam"><img alt="Ujjani Dam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Ujjani Dam and Reservoir in Maharashtra</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Ujani Dam<br />Bhima Dam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Ujani, Madha Taluka, Solapur district</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ujjani_Dam&params=18_04_26_N_75_07_12_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°04′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°07′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.07389°N 75.12000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">18.07389; 75.12000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction began</th><td class="infobox-data">1969</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening date</th><td class="infobox-data">June 1980</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction cost</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">Rs</a> 8,329.6 cr (1983–84)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Water Resources Department, Government of Maharashtra</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Dam and spillways</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dam#Types" title="Dam">Type of dam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Composite: <a href="/wiki/Dam#Earth-fill_dams" title="Dam">Earthfill</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gravity_dam" title="Gravity dam">Gravity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Impounds</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bhima_River" title="Bhima River">Bhima River</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">56.4 m (185 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">2,534 m (8,314 ft) (2.534 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width (crest)</th><td class="infobox-data">6.7 m (22 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dam volume</th><td class="infobox-data">3,320,000 m<sup>3</sup> (4,340,000 cu yd)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spillway" title="Spillway">Spillways</a></th><td class="infobox-data">41 Gates</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spillway type</th><td class="infobox-data">Concrete</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spillway capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">15,717 m<sup>3</sup>/s (555,000 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Reservoir</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creates</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Yashwant Sagar</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">3,140,000,000 m<sup>3</sup> (2,550,000 <a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">acre⋅ft</a>) (110.89 TMC)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">1,440,000,000 m<sup>3</sup> (1,170,000 <a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">acre⋅ft</a>) (53 TMC)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inactive capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">1,802,000,000 m<sup>3</sup> (1,461,000 <a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">acre⋅ft</a>) (59 TMC)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Catchment area</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14,850 km<sup>2</sup> (5,730 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">337 km<sup>2</sup> (130 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Power Station</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Government of Maharashtra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity#Generating_methods" title="Hydroelectricity">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity" title="Pumped-storage hydroelectricity">Pumped-storage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Water_turbine" title="Water turbine">Turbines</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Reversible Pump Turbine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nameplate_capacity" title="Nameplate capacity">Installed capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12 MW</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Net_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Net generation">Annual generation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">105 GWh initial years reducing to 21 GWh later as irrigation develops</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ujani Dam</b>, also known as Bhima Dam or Bhima Irrigation Project, on the <a href="/wiki/Bhima_River" title="Bhima River">Bhima River</a>, a tributary of the Krishna River, is an <a href="/wiki/Dam#Earth-fill_dams" title="Dam">earthfill</a> cum <a href="/wiki/Gravity_dam" title="Gravity dam">Masonry gravity dam</a> located near Ujjani village of Madha Taluk in <a href="/wiki/Solapur_district" title="Solapur district">Solapur district</a> of the state of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dam_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dam-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gazette_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazette-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bhima_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhima-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bhima River, which originates in <a href="/wiki/Bhimashankar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhimashankar">Bhimashankar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>, and forms the Bhima Valley with its tributary rivers and streams, has twenty-two dams built on it of which the Ujjani Dam is the terminal dam on the river and is the largest in the valley that intercepts a catchment area of 14,858 km<sup>2</sup> (5,737 sq mi) (which includes a free catchment of 9,766 km<sup>2</sup> (3,771 sq mi)).<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bhima_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhima-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pandey2007_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandey2007-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shrishti_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shrishti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction of the dam project including the canal system on both banks was started in 1969 at an initial estimated cost of <a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">Rs</a> 400 million and when completed in June 1980 the cost incurred was of the order of Rs 3295.85 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Gazette_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazette-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reservoir created by the 56.4 m (185 ft) high earth cum concrete gravity dam on the Bhima River has a gross storage capacity of 3.320 km<sup>3</sup> (0.797 cu mi). The annual utilization is 2.410 km<sup>3</sup> (0.578 cu mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Bhima_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhima-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project provides multipurpose benefits of irrigation, hydroelectric power, drinking, and industrial water supply and fisheries development. The irrigation supplies benefit 500 km<sup>2</sup> (190 sq mi) of agricultural land, particularly in the Solapur district. Water supplied from the reservoir to irrigate agricultural areas primarily aims to reduce the incidence of famines and scarcity during drought conditions. The reservoir operation also lessens the threat due to floods to cities such as <a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a> (an important religious pilgrimage centre for the <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>). As a result of irrigation facilities, some of the important crops grown under irrigated conditions are sugarcane, wheat, millet and cotton.<sup id="cite_ref-Gazette_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazette-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-(India)_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(India)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_on_the_top_of_Bhima_Dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Road_on_the_top_of_Bhima_Dam.jpg/220px-Road_on_the_top_of_Bhima_Dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Road_on_the_top_of_Bhima_Dam.jpg/330px-Road_on_the_top_of_Bhima_Dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Road_on_the_top_of_Bhima_Dam.jpg/440px-Road_on_the_top_of_Bhima_Dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Road over the Bhima Dam</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bhima River on which the Ujjani Dam has been built rises from Bhimashankar hills in the Western Ghats, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Sahyadri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahyadri">Sahyadri</a> hill range. The river flows for a length of 725 km (450 mi) till it meets the Krishna River (one of the two major river systems in Maharashtra, the other being the <a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari River</a>) near Raichur in Raichur district in Karnataka. Bhima River Basin has many tributaries of which the major ones are the <a href="/wiki/Kundali_River" title="Kundali River">Kundali River</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumandala_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumandala River (page does not exist)">Kumandala River</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghod_river&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghod river (page does not exist)">Ghod river</a>, Bhama River, <a href="/wiki/Indrayani_River" title="Indrayani River">Indrayani River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mula_River_(India)" title="Mula River (India)">Mula River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutha_River" title="Mutha River">Mutha River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pavna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavna River">Pavna River</a>, Bori, Sina, Man, Bhogwati and <a href="/wiki/Nira_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Nira river">Nira</a>. The total drainage area of 48,631 km<sup>2</sup> (18,777 sq mi) of Bhima River basin, an inter state river basin, covers both Maharashtra (75%) and <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> (25%) states, out of which 14,858 km<sup>2</sup> (5,737 sq mi) drains into the Ujjani Reservoir created by the Ujjani Dam. The Upper Bhima River basin is subdivided into three zones namely northern, middle and southern, the main stem of the river is in the middle zone where the Bhima Dam is built, while the southern zone is dominated by five reservoirs. The basin above the dam has intense rural, agricultural, urban and industrial activities. The river basin, which has a slope from west to east has extreme <a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">physiographic</a> and agro-climatic variations. The <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a> has rich and fertile agricultural land, and several water resources development projects have been built on its river system. Government of Maharashtra has classified the stretches of the Upper Bhima River for the purpose of various uses as, A-I for drinking water without conventional treatment but after disinfection, A-II Drinking water after conventional treatment followed by disinfection, A-III for fish and wildlife propagation and A-IV for agriculture, industrial cooling and process.<sup id="cite_ref-Shrishti_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shrishti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pune_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pune-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brit_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dam and the reservoir are approachable from <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune city</a>, which is 160 km (99 mi) away.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dam is about 5 mi (8.0 km) upstream of the bridge across the Bhima River on the Pune-Sholapur Road.<sup id="cite_ref-Gazette_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazette-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ujjani_dam.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ujjani_dam.png/200px-Ujjani_dam.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ujjani_dam.png/300px-Ujjani_dam.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ujjani_dam.png/400px-Ujjani_dam.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="609" /></a><figcaption>The reservoir as seen from a satellite</figcaption></figure> <p>The basin experiences tropical monsoon climatic conditions. The rainfall is dictated by the southwest monsoon, which varies from 6,000–3,000 mm (240–120 in) (from South to North) near the North–South trending mountain range of the basin but drastically drops to 700 mm (28 in) within a distance of 70 km (43 mi) towards the east. The average annual precipitation of the basin above the dam in the Upper Bhima River Basin (UBB) has been assessed as 1,096 mm (43.1 in) out of which 945 mm (37.2 in) (87%) occurs during the four monsoon months (mid June to mid September). Thereafter, the basin falls under the rain shadow area towards the east with rainfall incidence ranging between 450–600 mm (18–24 in) and is thus under drought conditions quite frequently.<sup id="cite_ref-Ranade_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ranade-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hydrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on rainfall data and other characteristics of the basin, the average annual yield of the Upper Bhima River basin has been assessed as 7.373 km<sup>3</sup> (1.769 cu mi). Since the Bhima River which is a major tributary of the Krishna River is an interstate river, the flows are shared by the Upper riparian state of Maharashtra with the lower riparian Karnataka state. The <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Water_Disputes_Tribunal" title="Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal">Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal</a>, in its award in the year 1976 permitted Maharashtra to use only 4.753 km<sup>3</sup> (1.140 cu mi) from the Upper Bhima River Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-Ranade_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ranade-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bhima or Ujjani dam has a planned annual utilization of 1.878 km<sup>3</sup> (0.451 cu mi) (including evaporation losses).<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gate_controlled_Spillway_of_Bhima_dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gate_controlled_Spillway_of_Bhima_dam.jpg/220px-Gate_controlled_Spillway_of_Bhima_dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gate_controlled_Spillway_of_Bhima_dam.jpg/330px-Gate_controlled_Spillway_of_Bhima_dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gate_controlled_Spillway_of_Bhima_dam.jpg/440px-Gate_controlled_Spillway_of_Bhima_dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Gate Controlled Spillway of Bhima or Ujjani Dam</figcaption></figure> <p>The Ujjani Dam commissioned in June 1980 is an earth cum concrete masonry dam, which has created a multipurpose reservoir. The total length of the dam is 2,534 m (8,314 ft), which comprises a central portion which is the spillway dam of 602 m (1,975 ft) length, of concrete gravity section of 56.4 m (185 ft) (maximum height above the deepest foundation level). The spillway is flanked by Non Overflow (NOF) concrete gravity dams of 314 m (1,030 ft) length. Earth dam sections flank the NOF dams on the left and right banks. The volume content of the dams is 3.320 km<sup>3</sup> (0.797 cu mi). The gross storage capacity created is 3.320 km<sup>3</sup> (0.797 cu mi) at the Full Reservoir Level (FRL) of 497.58 m (1,632.5 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spillway, structure has an Ogee shaped downstream slope designed to dispose a design flood discharge of 15,717 m<sup>3</sup>/s (555,000 cu ft/s) (the maximum probable flood discharge of 18,013 m<sup>3</sup>/s (636,100 cu ft/s) and a breaching section is provided between the NOF block and the earth dam section, controlled by 41 radial gates of 12 m (39 ft)x6.5 m (21 ft) size erected over the crest of the dam. In addition, four river sluices (gate controlled) are also provided in the body of the spillway pier numbers 3, 4, 5 and 6 with outlet level at 470 m (1,540 ft), with each sluice designed for a discharge capacity of 60 m<sup>3</sup>/s (2,100 cu ft/s) for silt flushing. The energy dissipation arrangements on the downstream slope of the spillway is in the form of high level and low level slotted roller bucket type. Measuring instruments have been installed in the body of the dam to record and analyse various parameters related to the behaviour of the dam over the years as part of the dam safety programme<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bhima_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhima-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dam is founded on massive <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basaltic</a> rock formations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reservoir">Reservoir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reservoir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Full_doownstream_view_of_the_Bhima_or_Ujjani_Dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Full_doownstream_view_of_the_Bhima_or_Ujjani_Dam.jpg/220px-Full_doownstream_view_of_the_Bhima_or_Ujjani_Dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Full_doownstream_view_of_the_Bhima_or_Ujjani_Dam.jpg/330px-Full_doownstream_view_of_the_Bhima_or_Ujjani_Dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Full_doownstream_view_of_the_Bhima_or_Ujjani_Dam.jpg/440px-Full_doownstream_view_of_the_Bhima_or_Ujjani_Dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Panoramic view of Ujjani or Bhima Dam and the reservoir</figcaption></figure> <p>The reservoir created by the dam has a water spread area of 357 km<sup>2</sup> (138 sq mi) at the High Flood Level (HFL) and 336.5 km<sup>2</sup> (129.9 sq mi) at Full Reservoir Level causing submergence of land and houses in 82 villages.<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bhima_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhima-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reservoir stretches upstream of the dam to a length of around 50 km, and the maximum width of the reservoir is 8 km (5.0 mi). The rim of the reservoir periphery measures 670 km (420 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of reservoir submergence, realignment of railway line (of the <a href="/wiki/Daund" title="Daund">Daund</a> <a href="/wiki/Solapur" title="Solapur">Solapur</a> section) to a length of 33.251 km (20.661 mi), realignment of <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway (India)">National Highway No. 9</a> between Pune and Solapur sector over a length of 23.4 km (14.5 mi), and the State Highway between <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tembhurni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tembhurni (page does not exist)">Tembhurni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karmala" title="Karmala">Karmala</a> to the extent of 15.35 km (9.54 mi) was involved.<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two years after the commissioning of the project, the reservoir water quality was tested to establish its suitability for various uses. The physical and chemical analysis indicated that the <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> values, free carbon dioxide, total hardness, alkalinity, nitrates, nitrites, chlorides, sulphates, calcium and magnesium were within prescribed limits. Heavy metals, copper and lead were not present. However, during the rainy season, the iron content though high, was found to be within permissible limits. <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">Potassium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> were within prescribed safe limits of acceptance for use of stored water for drinking, industrial use and for fish propagation.<sup id="cite_ref-Abbasi_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abbasi-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since its creation in 1980, it is now recorded that substantial quantity of the untreated sewage is discharged into the streams which flow into the Ujjani Reservoir, particularly in the river stretch close to the Pune city.<sup id="cite_ref-Shrishti_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shrishti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reservoir created by the Ujjani dam is also one of the largest backwaters in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, Since its creation in 1980, the reservoir backwaters attract, every year, a large number of migratory birds (from <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> and other countries); about 100–150 species of <a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">flamingos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cormorants" class="mw-redirect" title="Cormorants">cormorants</a> are reported.<sup id="cite_ref-Save_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Save-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The migratory bird species in the Ujjani reservoir have been studied by the Science and Technology Park (STP), a Pune-based institution. Some of the key species which are found around backwaters are: <a href="/wiki/Greater_flamingo" title="Greater flamingo">greater flamingos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pheasant-tailed_jacana" title="Pheasant-tailed jacana">pheasant-tailed jacana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painted_stork" title="Painted stork">painted stork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moorhen" title="Moorhen">moorhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Small_pratincole" title="Small pratincole">small pratincole</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_tern_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="River tern (bird)">river terns</a>, aquatic insects, <a href="/wiki/Pied_kingfisher" title="Pied kingfisher">pied kingfisher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stilt" title="Stilt">stilts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benefits">Benefits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ujjani Dam and its large reservoir provide multi-purpose benefits of irrigation, <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> power generation, drinking and industrial water supply, and fisheries.<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irrigation">Irrigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Irrigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irrigation_Canal_taking_off_from_the_dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Irrigation_Canal_taking_off_from_the_dam.jpg/220px-Irrigation_Canal_taking_off_from_the_dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Irrigation_Canal_taking_off_from_the_dam.jpg/330px-Irrigation_Canal_taking_off_from_the_dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Irrigation_Canal_taking_off_from_the_dam.jpg/440px-Irrigation_Canal_taking_off_from_the_dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Left bank irrigation canal from the Ujjani Dam</figcaption></figure> <p>Irrigation from the storage created in the reservoir are provided via two irrigation canal systems originating from the dam – The Left Bank Main Canal (LBMC) and The Right Bank Main canal (RBMC) – the LBMC is 126 km (78 mi) long, designed to carry a discharge of 109 m<sup>3</sup>/s (3,800 cu ft/s) and provides irrigation to a command of 688.4 km<sup>2</sup> (265.8 sq mi) while the RBMC, which is 112 km (70 mi) long, designed to carry 42.5 m<sup>3</sup>/s (1,500 cu ft/s) provides irrigation benefits to an area of 44,100 m<sup>3</sup>/s (1,560,000 cu ft/s) through its network of canal system.<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bhima to <a href="/wiki/Sina_River" title="Sina River">Sina</a> interlink (Jod Kalava) with 21 km long tunnel from Ujjani reservoir is constructed to supply water for vast lands in catchment area of <a href="/wiki/Sina_River" title="Sina River">Sina tributary</a>. </p><p>The storage created by the Ujjani Dam has resulted in the irrigation of 500 km<sup>2</sup> (190 sq mi), particularly in Solapur district, resulting in doubling the yield of <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a> (jowar) and tripling the yield of <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">groundnut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmers management organizations set up in the command area of the project are an important component of equitable distribution of irrigation under the rotational irrigation water management practice followed in the command. The irrigation component of the Ujjani Dam project was co-financed by <a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">IFAD</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> with specific objective to enhance the social and economic conditions of the <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_castes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled castes">Scheduled castes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled tribe">Scheduled tribe</a> people in the command.<sup id="cite_ref-Bhima_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhima-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydropower">Hydropower</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hydropower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pumped_storage_Powerhouse_of_12_MW_capacity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pumped_storage_Powerhouse_of_12_MW_capacity.jpg/220px-Pumped_storage_Powerhouse_of_12_MW_capacity.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pumped_storage_Powerhouse_of_12_MW_capacity.jpg/330px-Pumped_storage_Powerhouse_of_12_MW_capacity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pumped_storage_Powerhouse_of_12_MW_capacity.jpg/440px-Pumped_storage_Powerhouse_of_12_MW_capacity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The 12 MW pumped storage powerhouse at the toe of the dam on the left bank</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Pumped_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Pumped storage">pumped storage</a> type powerhouse has been built at the toe of the dam with an installed capacity of 12 MW (one unit of vertical Francis-reversible pump turbine) on the left bank of the dam, 65 m (213 ft) downstream from the axis of the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It operates below 20 percent load factor under a range of maximum head of 36.77 m (120.6 ft) and minimum head of 25.6 m (84 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JainAgarwal2007_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JainAgarwal2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hydropower component involved construction of a 13.42 m (44.0 ft) high <a href="/wiki/Weir" title="Weir">weir</a>, 915 m (3,002 ft) below the Ujjani Dam to control the lower pond for operation during the pumping mode.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A penstock pipe of 3.2 m (10 ft) diameter (12 mm (0.47 in) thick) and 70 m (230 ft) length embedded in the dam diverts the flow of 44 m<sup>3</sup>/s (1,600 cu ft/s) from a gate controlled trash racks (15 panels) covered intake into the powerhouse. The lower pond in the pumped storage scheme of operation was built initially itself, soon after commissioning of the dam. The power plant is reported to be providing benefits since then. However, the power generation estimated initially at 105 GWh was expected to reduce to 21 GWh, as water was utilized for irrigation through the RBC and LBC canal systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Salient_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the drought year 2015, the inflows into the reservoir were very meagre due to the failure of rains in the catchment area. However, nearly 36 <a href="/wiki/Tmcft" title="Tmcft">tmcft</a> dead storage water available in the reservoir could not be used for the dire needs. With minor external modifications to the exiting reversible hydro turbine unit, all the dead storage water can be put to use during the drought years by using the hydro power plant for pumping water into the nearby left canal. Water would be released downstream into the tail pond through the existing river sluice gates. The pen stock of the hydro power unit is extended (less than 100 m long) to connect to the nearby left canal. The hydro power unit is operated in pumping mode to pump water from the tail pond to the left canal when the reservoir level is below the canal's minimum draw down level (MDDL). The pen stock extension piping is detached when water pumping to the canal is not required to restore its normal power generation when the reservoir level is above the left canal's MDDL<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_benefits">Other benefits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The high density of phytoplankton (of many species) in the Ujjani Reservoir is conducive to proliferation of fish species.<sup id="cite_ref-SinghYadava2003_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SinghYadava2003-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production of fish resources from the reservoir has been estimated at 712 tonnes per year, and 19 percent of the catch consists species of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Major_carps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Major carps (page does not exist)">major carps</a>. Fish yield is reported to be 2450 kg/km<sup>2</sup> of the water spread area of the reservoir.<sup id="cite_ref-Sugnnan1997_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugnnan1997-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bird_watching">Bird watching</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bird watching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the water reservoir of Ujani Dam, Bhigwan is a small town developed on the Pune-Solapur Highway around 105 km from Pune which is on the backwaters of Ujani dam. Bhigwan is famous for <a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">birdwatching</a> especially flamingos and wild life photography.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as mini <a href="/wiki/Bharatpur_district" title="Bharatpur district">Bharatpur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many kinds of Ducks, Herons, Egrets, Raptors and Waders along with flocks of hundreds of flamingos can be seen. Variety of birds at Bhigwan gives of sighting of almost all the prime bird species there and also creates great photographic opportunities for wildlife photographers. At times, 1,000-1,200 flamingos are seen.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The low rains and low water level has now reduced the number of flamingos over some years. It is a favorite spot for migratory birds, with more than 230 species found here. One can see flamingos, painted storks, bar-headed geese, demoiselle cranes, etc. These birds can be seen in the winter season between December and March. The bird generally migrates via marine routes and adult females depart from the breeding grounds .<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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title="List of dams and reservoirs in Maharashtra">List of dams and reservoirs in Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_India" title="List of dams and reservoirs in India">List of dams and reservoirs in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Water_Disputes_Tribunal" title="Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal">Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Salient-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salient_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326081325/http://www.solapurcada.org/solapurcada.org/Salient%20features%20of%20Ujjani.htm">"Salient Features of Ujjani Project – Cada:Solapur"</a>. 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The Gazetteers Department, Government of Maharashtra.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Major+Irrigation+Works&rft.atitle=Irrigation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolapur.gov.in%2Fhtmldocs%2F1977%2Fagri_irrigation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjani+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bhima-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bhima_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bhima_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bhima_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bhima_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bhima_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bhima_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130217215442/http://www.nih.ernet.in/rbis/India_information/KRISHNA_PROJECTS.htm">"Major Existing Water Resources Projects in the Krishna Basin"</a>. <i>Bhima Irrigation Project</i>. 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Shrishti Eco-Research Institute(SERI). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rcse.edu.shiga-u.ac.jp/gov-pro/plan/2010list/10/indian_lakes/ujjani_reservoir-a_world_lake_vision_candidate-waiting_for_restoration.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ujani+Dam%3A+Theme%3A+Save+the+Birds&rft.pub=Environmental+Information+Centre%2C+Government+of+Maharashtra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenvis.maharashtra.gov.in%2Fenvis_data%2F%3Fq%3Dbird_protection_campaign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjani+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://operations.ifad.org/web/ifad/operations/country/project/tags/india/23/project%20overview">"Bhima Command Area Development Project"</a>. operations.ifad.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bhima+Command+Area+Development+Project&rft.pub=operations.ifad.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foperations.ifad.org%2Fweb%2Fifad%2Foperations%2Fcountry%2Fproject%2Ftags%2Findia%2F23%2Fproject%2520overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjani+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2002/pdf/104_full.pdftitle=Ujjani_Dam_D02963">"Ujjani Hydroelectric Project"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Springer. pp. 654, 857. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5179-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5179-1"><bdi>978-1-4020-5179-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hydrology+and+water+resources+of+India&rft.pages=654%2C+857&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007-03-05&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1&rft.au=Sharad+K.+Jain&rft.au=Pushpendra+K.+Agarwal&rft.au=Vijay+P.+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKs1gBhJSWIC%26pg%3DPA857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjani+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.co.in/search?q=Ujjani+Dam&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a#sclient=psy&hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US%3Aofficial&tbm=bks&source=hp&q=The+project+involves+the+construction+of+a+13.42+m+high+weir%2C+915+m+below+the+Ujjani+dam+which+will+control+the+lower+pond&aq=&aqi=&aql=&oq=&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=a1cdc989cd0c377f&biw=1024&bih=598"><i>Modern power systems, Volume 4, Issues 7–12</i></a>. Miller Freeman Publications. 1984<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+power+systems%2C+Volume+4%2C+Issues+7%E2%80%9312&rft.pub=Miller+Freeman+Publications&rft.date=1984&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.in%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DUjjani%2BDam%26ie%3Dutf-8%26oe%3Dutf-8%26aq%3Dt%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla%3Aen-US%3Aofficial%26client%3Dfirefox-a%23sclient%3Dpsy%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla%3Aen-US%253Aofficial%26tbm%3Dbks%26source%3Dhp%26q%3DThe%2Bproject%2Binvolves%2Bthe%2Bconstruction%2Bof%2Ba%2B13.42%2Bm%2Bhigh%2Bweir%252C%2B915%2Bm%2Bbelow%2Bthe%2BUjjani%2Bdam%2Bwhich%2Bwill%2Bcontrol%2Bthe%2Blower%2Bpond%26aq%3D%26aqi%3D%26aql%3D%26oq%3D%26pbx%3D1%26bav%3Don.2%2Cor.r_gc.r_pw.%26fp%3Da1cdc989cd0c377f%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjani+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam_D02963">"Ujjani Dam D02963"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ujjani+Dam+D02963&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia-wris.nrsc.gov.in%2Fwrpinfo%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DUjjani_Dam_D02963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjani+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SinghYadava2003-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SinghYadava2003_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVijay_P._SinghRam_Narayan_Yadava2003" class="citation book cs1">Vijay P. Singh; Ram Narayan Yadava (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MD7PNcdmSBEC&pg=PA122"><i>Environmental pollution: proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Environment (WE-2003), December 15–18, 2003, Bhopal, India</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environmental+pollution%3A+proceedings+of+the+International+Conference+on+Water+and+Environment+%28WE-2003%29%2C+December+15%E2%80%9318%2C+2003%2C+Bhopal%2C+India&rft.pages=122-&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-7764-550-7&rft.au=Vijay+P.+Singh&rft.au=Ram+Narayan+Yadava&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMD7PNcdmSBEC%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjani+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sugnnan1997-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sugnnan1997_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV.V._Sugnnan1997" class="citation book cs1">V.V. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reservoir+Fisheries+of+India&rft.pages=211-214&rft.pub=Daya+Publishing+House&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7035-198-6&rft.au=V.V.+Sugnnan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6V3n2iIiXZgC%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjani+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mumbaitravellers.in/1-day-birdwatching-and-photography-at-bhigwan/">Bhigwan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.punemirror.in/pune/others/Bhigwan-low-on-flamingos-this-year/articleshow/50097581.cms">Bhigwan low on flamingos this year</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mid-day.com/articles/bhigwan-is-a-new-flock-spot-for-birding-near-mumbai/16912178">Bhigwan is a new flock-spot for birding near Mumbai</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.placesnearpune.com/2013/02/bird-watching-bhigwan-flamingos/">Bhigwan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.punemirror.in/pune/others/Birders-at-Bhigwan-get-a-rare-treat/articleshow/51502038.cms">Birders at Bhigwan get a rare treat</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hydrography_of_Maharashtra" title="Template:Hydrography of Maharashtra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hydrography_of_Maharashtra" title="Template talk:Hydrography of Maharashtra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography_of_Maharashtra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography of Maharashtra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrography_of_Maharashtra" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrography" title="Hydrography">Hydrography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adan_River" title="Adan River">Adan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banganga_River_(Maharashtra)" title="Banganga River (Maharashtra)"> Banganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhima_River" title="Bhima River">Bhima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindusara_River" title="Bindusara River">Bindusara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahisar_River" title="Dahisar River">Dahisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daman_Ganga_River" title="Daman Ganga River">Daman Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darna_River" title="Darna River"> Darna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dnyanganga" class="mw-redirect" title="River Dnyanganga">Dnyanganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girna_River" title="Girna River">Girna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomai_River" title="Gomai River">Gomai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indravati_River" title="Indravati River">Indravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrayani_River" title="Indrayani River">Indrayani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadva_River" title="Kadva River">Kadva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karha_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Karha river">Karha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolar_River_(Maharashtra)" title="Kolar River (Maharashtra)">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyna_River" title="Koyna River">Koyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundali_River" title="Kundali River">Kundali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalika_River" title="Kundalika River">Kundalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithi_River" title="Mithi River">Mithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula_River_(India)" title="Mula River (India)">Mula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula-Mutha_River" title="Mula-Mutha River">Mula-Mutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutha_River" title="Mutha River">Mutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmada_River" title="Narmada River">Narmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nira_River" title="Nira River">Nira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshiwara_River" title="Oshiwara River">Oshiwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painganga_River" title="Painganga River">Painganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchganga_River" title="Panchganga River">Panchganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzara_River" title="Panzara River">Panzara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patalganga_River" title="Patalganga River">Patalganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavana_River" title="Pavana River">Pavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poisar_River" title="Poisar River">Poisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranahita_River" title="Pranahita River">Pranahita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_River_(tributary_of_Tapti)" title="Purna River (tributary of Tapti)">Purna (Tapti tributary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_River_(tributary_of_Godavari)" title="Purna River (tributary of Godavari)">Purna (Godavari tributary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_River" title="Savitri River">Savitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahanur_River" title="Shahanur River">Shahanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivana_River" title="Shivana River">Shivana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindphana_River" title="Sindphana River">Sindphana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansa_River" title="Tansa River">Tansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapti_River" title="Tapti River">Tapti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasso_River" title="Tasso River">Tasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulhas_River" title="Ulhas River">Ulhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaan_River" title="Vaan River">Vaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vashishti_River" title="Vashishti River">Vashishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wainganga_River" title="Wainganga River">Wainganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardha_River" title="Wardha River">Wardha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Waterfalls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kune_Falls" title="Kune Falls">Kune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devkund_Waterfall" title="Devkund Waterfall">Devkund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandavgad_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandavgad Falls">Pandavgad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoseghar_Waterfalls" title="Thoseghar Waterfalls">Thoseghar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingmala_Waterfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingmala Waterfall (page does not exist)">Lingmala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dugarwadi_Waterfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dugarwadi Waterfall (page does not exist)">Dugarwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashoka_Waterfall_Vihigaon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashoka Waterfall Vihigaon (page does not exist)">Vihigaon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhobi_Waterfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhobi Waterfall (page does not exist)">Dhobi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marleshwar_Waterfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marleshwar Waterfall (page does not exist)">Marleshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amboli_Ghat_Waterfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amboli Ghat Waterfall (page does not exist)">Amboli Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baneshwar_Waterfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baneshwar Waterfall (page does not exist)">Baneshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randha_Fall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randha Fall (page does not exist)">Randha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahasrakund_Waterfall" title="Sahasrakund Waterfall">Sahasrakund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhigwan_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhigwan Lake (page does not exist)">Bhigwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorewada_Lake" title="Gorewada Lake">Gorewada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidkal_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidkal Lake (page does not exist)">Hidkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khindsi_Lake" title="Khindsi Lake">Khindsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonar_Lake" title="Lonar Lake">Lonar crater lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakali_Lake" title="Mahakali Lake">Mahakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankala_Lake" title="Rankala Lake">Rankala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Ali_Lake" title="Salim Ali Lake">Salim Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandhur_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandhur Lake (page does not exist)">Sandhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivsagar_Lake" title="Shivsagar Lake">Shivaji/Shivsagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talao_Pali" class="mw-redirect" title="Talao Pali">Talao Pali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talwat_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talwat Lake (page does not exist)">Talwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upvan_Lake" title="Upvan Lake">Upvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venna_Lake" title="Venna Lake">Venna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Dams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhandardara_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhandardara Dam">Bhandardara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatghar_Dam" title="Bhatghar Dam">Bhatghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhushi_Dam" title="Bhushi Dam">Bhushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaskaman_Dam" title="Chaskaman Dam">Chaskaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhom_Dam" title="Dhom Dam">Dhom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetwane_Dam" title="Hetwane Dam">Hetwane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itiadoh_Dam" title="Itiadoh Dam">Itiadoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanher_Dam" title="Kanher Dam">Kanher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayakwadi_Dam" title="Jayakwadi Dam">Jayakwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadakwasla_Dam" title="Khadakwasla Dam">Khadakwasla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkewadi_Dam" title="Kolkewadi Dam">Kolkewadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyna_Dam" title="Koyna Dam">Koyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulshi_Dam" title="Mulshi Dam">Mulshi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navegaon_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navegaon Dam (page does not exist)">Navegaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilwande_Dam" title="Nilwande Dam">Nilwande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshet_Dam" title="Panshet Dam">Panshet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawana_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pawana Dam">Pawna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramtek_Dam" title="Ramtek Dam">Ramtek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susri_Dam" title="Susri Dam">Susri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansa_Dam" title="Tansa Dam">Tansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temghar_Dam" title="Temghar Dam">Temghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillari_(Forebay)_Dam" title="Tillari (Forebay) Dam">Tilari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totladoh_Dam" title="Totladoh Dam">Totladoh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ujjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaitarna_Dam" title="Vaitarna Dam">Vaitarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varasgaon_Dam" title="Varasgaon Dam">Varasgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Dam" title="Veer Dam">Veer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vihar_Dam" title="Vihar Dam">Vihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeldari_Dam" title="Yeldari Dam">Yeldari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waghur_Dam" title="Waghur Dam">Waghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walwan_Dam" title="Walwan Dam">Walwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7878222#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127894167">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007539171405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&oldid=1255918640">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ujjani_Dam&oldid=1255918640</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_completed_in_1980" title="Category:Dams completed in 1980">Dams completed in 1980</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_infrastructure_completed_in_1980" title="Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1980">Energy infrastructure completed in 1980</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Pune_district" title="Category:Dams in Pune district">Dams in Pune district</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hydroelectric_power_stations_in_Maharashtra" title="Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Maharashtra">Hydroelectric power stations in Maharashtra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pumped-storage_hydroelectric_power_stations_in_India" title="Category:Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in India">Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_on_the_Krishna_River" title="Category:Dams on the Krishna River">Dams on the Krishna River</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Masonry_dams" title="Category:Masonry dams">Masonry dams</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_establishments_in_Maharashtra" title="Category:1980 establishments in Maharashtra">1980 establishments in Maharashtra</a></li><li><a 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