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id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history_and_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_and_Holy_Roman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Early history and Holy Roman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_and_Holy_Roman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_of_French_revolution_and_the_Napoleonic_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_of_French_revolution_and_the_Napoleonic_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Impact of French revolution and the Napoleonic Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_of_French_revolution_and_the_Napoleonic_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_as_a_fully_sovereign_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_as_a_fully_sovereign_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Frankfurt as a fully sovereign state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_as_a_fully_sovereign_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_after_the_loss_of_sovereignty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_after_the_loss_of_sovereignty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Frankfurt after the loss of sovereignty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_after_the_loss_of_sovereignty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Site" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Site</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_incorporations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_incorporations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>History of incorporations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_incorporations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighboring_districts_and_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighboring_districts_and_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Neighboring districts and cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighboring_districts_and_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moroccan_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moroccan_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Moroccan community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moroccan_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration_and_foreign_nationals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration_and_foreign_nationals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Immigration and foreign nationals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration_and_foreign_nationals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Mayor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>City council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landtag_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landtag_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Landtag election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landtag_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_federal_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_federal_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>German federal election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_federal_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_and_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_and_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy and business</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy_and_business-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy and business subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy_and_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Central_banks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_banks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Central banks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_banks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_Central_Bank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Central_Bank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>European Central Bank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Central_Bank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deutsche_Bundesbank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deutsche_Bundesbank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Deutsche Bundesbank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deutsche_Bundesbank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_banks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_banks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Commercial banks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_banks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Frankfurt Stock Exchange</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_Trade_Fair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_Trade_Fair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Frankfurt Trade Fair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_Trade_Fair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Other industries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accountancy_and_professional_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accountancy_and_professional_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.1</span> <span>Accountancy and professional services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accountancy_and_professional_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Credit_rating_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Credit_rating_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.2</span> <span>Credit rating agencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Credit_rating_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investment_trust_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investment_trust_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.3</span> <span>Investment trust companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investment_trust_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management_consultancies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management_consultancies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.4</span> <span>Management consultancies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management_consultancies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Real_estate_services_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Real_estate_services_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.5</span> <span>Real estate services companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Real_estate_services_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_firms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_firms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.6</span> <span>Law firms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_firms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advertising_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertising_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.7</span> <span>Advertising agencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertising_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.8</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Automotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.9</span> <span>Automotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.10</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Property_and_real_estate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Property_and_real_estate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.11</span> <span>Property and real estate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Property_and_real_estate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.12</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.13</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_area_(suburban)_businesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_area_(suburban)_businesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Urban area (suburban) businesses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_area_(suburban)_businesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friendly_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendly_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Friendly cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendly_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cityscape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th-century_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th-century_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>20th-century architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th-century_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st-century_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st-century_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>21st-century architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st-century_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skyscrapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skyscrapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Skyscrapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skyscrapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_high-rise_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_high-rise_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>History of high-rise buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_high-rise_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_tall_structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_tall_structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Other tall structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_tall_structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shopping_streets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shopping_streets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Shopping streets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shopping_streets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Green_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.8</span> <span>Green city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.2</span> <span>Venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Botanical_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botanical_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Botanical gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botanical_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Foreign culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nightlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nightlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Nightlife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nightlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.7</span> <span>Domestic culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culinary_specialties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary_specialties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.8</span> <span>Culinary specialties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary_specialties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quality_of_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quality_of_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Quality of life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quality_of_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1.1</span> <span>Frankfurt Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_Hahn_Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_Hahn_Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1.2</span> <span>Frankfurt Hahn Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_Hahn_Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_Egelsbach_Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_Egelsbach_Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1.3</span> <span>Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_Egelsbach_Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Railway stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_Central_Station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_Central_Station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3.1</span> <span>Frankfurt Central Station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_Central_Station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_Airport_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_Airport_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3.2</span> <span>Frankfurt Airport stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_Airport_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_South_station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_South_station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3.3</span> <span>Frankfurt South station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_South_station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Messe_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Messe_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3.4</span> <span>Messe stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Messe_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konstablerwache_station_and_Hauptwache_station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstablerwache_station_and_Hauptwache_station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3.5</span> <span>Konstablerwache station and Hauptwache station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konstablerwache_station_and_Hauptwache_station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_West_Station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_West_Station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3.6</span> <span>Frankfurt West Station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_West_Station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coach_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coach_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Coach stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coach_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-S-Bahn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S-Bahn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5.1</span> <span>S-Bahn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S-Bahn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U-Bahn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U-Bahn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5.2</span> <span>U-Bahn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U-Bahn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5.3</span> <span>Tram</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5.4</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.6</span> <span>Taxis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bicycles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.7</span> <span>Bicycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-E-Scooters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#E-Scooters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.8</span> <span>E-Scooters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-E-Scooters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Public institutions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_institutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public institutions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_Insurance_and_Occupational_Pensions_Authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Insurance_and_Occupational_Pensions_Authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Insurance_and_Occupational_Pensions_Authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Financial_Supervisory_Authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Financial_Supervisory_Authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Federal Financial Supervisory Authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Financial_Supervisory_Authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Finance_Corporation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Finance_Corporation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>International Finance Corporation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Finance_Corporation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_National_Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_National_Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>German National Library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_National_Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Consulates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.6</span> <span>Courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities_and_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities_and_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Universities and schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities_and_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.1</span> <span>Johann Wolfgang Goethe University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_University_of_Applied_Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_University_of_Applied_Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.2</span> <span>Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_University_of_Applied_Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankfurt_School_of_Finance_and_Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankfurt_School_of_Finance_and_Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.3</span> <span>Frankfurt School of Finance and Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankfurt_School_of_Finance_and_Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Städelschule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Städelschule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.4</span> <span>Städelschule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Städelschule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_schools_and_conservatory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_schools_and_conservatory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.5</span> <span>Music schools and conservatory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_schools_and_conservatory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_notable_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_notable_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.6</span> <span>Other notable schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_notable_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.7</span> <span>Education and media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_institutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_institutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Research institutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_institutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade_unions_and_associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade_unions_and_associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Trade unions and associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade_unions_and_associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Newspapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Magazines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_and_TV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_and_TV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.3</span> <span>Radio and TV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_and_TV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-News_agency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News_agency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.4</span> <span>News agency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News_agency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sights_in_the_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sights_in_the_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Sights in the Frankfurt Rhein-Main area</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sights_in_the_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_area-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sights in the Frankfurt Rhein-Main area subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sights_in_the_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>North</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.2</span> <span>West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.3</span> <span>East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.4</span> <span>South</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frankfurt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 172 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-172" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">172 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%AD%E1%8D%89%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5" title="ፍራንክፉርት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፍራንክፉርት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانكفورت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانكفورت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_d%27o_Main" title="Frankfurt d'o Main – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Frankfurt d'o Main" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A9" title="Ֆրանքֆուրթ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանքֆուրթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francf%C3%B4rt-sus-lo-Men" title="Francfôrt-sus-lo-Men – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Francfôrt-sus-lo-Men" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_del_Main" title="Frankfurt del Main – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Frankfurt del Main" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt-Mayn" title="Frankfurt-Mayn – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frankfurt-Mayn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانکفورت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانکفورت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ফ্রাঙ্কফুর্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রাঙ্কফুর্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Майндағы Франкфурт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Майндағы Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Франкфурт-на-Майне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Франкфурт-на-Майне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Франкфурт-на-Майне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Франкфурт-на-Майне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Франкфурт на Майн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франкфурт на Майн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_na_Majni" title="Frankfurt na Majni – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Frankfurt na Majni" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Майндахи Франкфурт – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Майндахи Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_del_Main" title="Frankfurt del Main – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frankfurt del Main" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Майнри Франкфурт – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Майнри Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main_(munisipyo)" title="Frankfurt am Main (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Frankfurt am Main (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_nad_Mohanem" title="Frankfurt nad Mohanem – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frankfurt nad Mohanem" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuforte_nant%27%C3%A0_u_Menu" title="Francuforte nant'à u Menu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Francuforte nant'à u Menu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_nad_Mainom" title="Frankfurt nad Mainom – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Frankfurt nad Mainom" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Φραγκφούρτη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φραγκφούρτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francf%C3%B2rt" title="Francfòrt – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Francfòrt" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франкфурт – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1ncfort_del_Meno" title="Fráncfort del Meno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fráncfort del Meno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurto_%C4%89e_Majno" title="Frankfurto ĉe Majno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frankfurto ĉe Majno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_del_Menu" title="Frankfurt del Menu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Frankfurt del Menu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانکفورت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانکفورت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francfort-sur-le-Main" title="Francfort-sur-le-Main – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Francfort-sur-le-Main" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" title="法蘭克福 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="法蘭克福" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC%ED%91%B8%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="프랑크푸르트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑크푸르트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Մայնի Ֆրանկֆուրտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մայնի Ֆրանկֆուրտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="फ़्रैंकफ़र्ट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रैंकफ़र्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankobrod_nad_Mohanom" title="Frankobrod nad Mohanom – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Frankobrod nad Mohanom" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_na_Majni" title="Frankfurt na Majni – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Frankfurt na Majni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoforte_super_le_Meno" title="Francoforte super le Meno – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Francoforte super le Meno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Франкфурт-Майныл – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Франкфурт-Майныл" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoforte_sul_Meno" title="Francoforte sul Meno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Francoforte sul Meno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98" title="פרנקפורט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנקפורט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫ್ರಾಂಕ್‌ಫರ್ಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರಾಂಕ್‌ಫರ್ಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ფრანკფურტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრანკფურტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Майндағы Франкфурт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Майндағы Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Майн вылын Франкфурт – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Майн вылын Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франкфурт – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%B2%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BD%D3%B9" title="Франкфурт-Майн-вӹлнӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Франкфурт-Майн-вӹлнӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_sul_Main" title="Frankfurt sul Main – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Frankfurt sul Main" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francofurtum_ad_Moenum" title="Francofurtum ad Moenum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Francofurtum ad Moenum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurte_pie_Mainas" title="Frankfurte pie Mainas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frankfurte pie Mainas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurtas_prie_Maino" title="Frankfurtas prie Maino – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Frankfurtas prie Maino" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoforte_in_scio_Men" title="Francoforte in scio Men – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Francoforte in scio Men" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francufort_s%C3%BCl_Men" title="Francufort sül Men – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Francufort sül Men" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Франкфурт на Мајна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франкфурт на Мајна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franckfort/Main" title="Franckfort/Main – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Franckfort/Main" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്രാങ്ക്ഫർട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രാങ്ക്ഫർട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="फ्रांकफुर्ट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रांकफुर्ट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მაინიშ ფრანკფურტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაინიშ ფრანკფურტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانكفورت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانكفورت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Майны Франкфурт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Майны Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဖရန့်ဖွတ်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖရန့်ဖွတ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="फ्राङ्कफर्त – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्राङ्कफर्त" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="フランクフルト・アム・マイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランクフルト・アム・マイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Майн-тӀера-Франкфурт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Майн-тӀера-Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francfort-sur-le-Main" title="Francfort-sur-le-Main – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Francfort-sur-le-Main" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francf%C3%B2rt_de_Men" title="Francfòrt de Men – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Francfòrt de Men" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurtmayn" title="Frankfurtmayn – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Frankfurtmayn" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਕਫ਼ੁਰਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਕਫ਼ੁਰਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%B9" title="فرینکفرٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرینکفرٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانکفورت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانکفورت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfort-su-Main" title="Frankfort-su-Main – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Frankfort-su-Main" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchfort_s%C3%ABl_Men" title="Franchfort sël Men – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Franchfort sël Men" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfort_an%E2%80%99n_Main" title="Frankfort an’n Main – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Frankfort an’n Main" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_nad_Menem" title="Frankfurt nad Menem – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frankfurt nad Menem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_pe_Main" title="Frankfurt pe Main – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frankfurt pe Main" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Франкфурт-на-Майне – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франкфурт-на-Майне" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франкфурт – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuforte_subra_su_Menu" title="Francuforte subra su Menu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Francuforte subra su Menu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_an_%27n_Main" title="Frankfurt an 'n Main – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Frankfurt an 'n Main" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurti_mbi_Majn" title="Frankfurti mbi Majn – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Frankfurti mbi Majn" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuforti_supr%27%C3%B4_Menu" title="Francuforti supr'ô Menu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Francuforti supr'ô Menu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%BD" title="فرينڪفرٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرينڪفرٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_nad_Mohanom" title="Frankfurt nad Mohanom – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Frankfurt nad Mohanom" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_ob_Majni" title="Frankfurt ob Majni – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Frankfurt ob Majni" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانکفورت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فرانکفورت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Франкфурт на Мајни – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Франкфурт на Мајни" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_na_Majni" title="Frankfurt na Majni – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Frankfurt na Majni" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francfort_del_Meno" title="Francfort del Meno – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Francfort del Meno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="பிராங்க்ஃபுர்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிராங்க்ஃபுர்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франкфурт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95" title="แฟรงก์เฟิร์ต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แฟรงก์เฟิร์ต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франкфурт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франкфурт – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Франкфурт" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Франкфурт-на-Майні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франкфурт-на-Майні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%B9" title="فرینکفرٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرینکفرٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfort" title="Frankfort – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Frankfort" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoforte_sul_Men" title="Francoforte sul Men – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Francoforte sul Men" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Mainal" title="Frankfurt Mainal – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Frankfurt Mainal" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_len_Main" title="Frankfurt len Main – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Frankfurt len Main" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Frankfurt" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Frankfurt am Main" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" title="法兰克福 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法兰克福" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98" title="פראנקפורט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנקפורט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Clu_Frankf%E1%BB%8Drt%C3%AC" title="Ìlu Frankfọrtì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìlu Frankfọrtì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" title="法蘭克福 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法蘭克福" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt%C3%AA_Maini" title="Frankfurtê Maini – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Frankfurtê Maini" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankforts" title="Frankforts – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Frankforts" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A0%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" title="美因河畔法兰克福 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美因河畔法兰克福" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Majn%C9%99d%C9%99" title="Frankfurt Majnədə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Frankfurt Majnədə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1794#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Frankfurt&params=50_06_38_N_08_40_56_E_type:city(773068)_region:DE-HE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°06′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">08°40′56″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.11056°N 8.68222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.11056; 8.68222</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt_am_Main&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city in Hesse, Germany</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Hesse, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Frankfurt am Main </span></div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><small> <i>Frangford am Maa</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hessian_dialects" title="Hessian dialects">Hessian</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:173px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurter_Altstadt_mit_Skyline_2024_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Frankfurter_Altstadt_mit_Skyline_2024_cropped.jpg/278px-Frankfurter_Altstadt_mit_Skyline_2024_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Frankfurter_Altstadt_mit_Skyline_2024_cropped.jpg/417px-Frankfurter_Altstadt_mit_Skyline_2024_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Frankfurter_Altstadt_mit_Skyline_2024_cropped.jpg/556px-Frankfurter_Altstadt_mit_Skyline_2024_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="2542" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Frankfurt" title="List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt">Frankfurt's skyline</a> from <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Cathedral" title="Frankfurt Cathedral">Frankfurt Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:91px;max-width:91px"><div style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-St_Bartholomaeus-Ansicht_von_der_Untermainbruecke-20110328.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Frankfurt_Am_Main-St_Bartholomaeus-Ansicht_von_der_Untermainbruecke-20110328.jpg/89px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-St_Bartholomaeus-Ansicht_von_der_Untermainbruecke-20110328.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Frankfurt_Am_Main-St_Bartholomaeus-Ansicht_von_der_Untermainbruecke-20110328.jpg/134px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-St_Bartholomaeus-Ansicht_von_der_Untermainbruecke-20110328.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Frankfurt_Am_Main-St_Bartholomaeus-Ansicht_von_der_Untermainbruecke-20110328.jpg/178px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-St_Bartholomaeus-Ansicht_von_der_Untermainbruecke-20110328.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4500" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Cathedral" title="Frankfurt Cathedral">Frankfurt Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_(19190136328)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/102px-Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/153px-Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/204px-Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="2324" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="Seat of the European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:80px;max-width:80px"><div style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:01-01-2014_-_Messeturm_-_trade_fair_tower_-_Frankfurt-_Germany_-_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/01-01-2014_-_Messeturm_-_trade_fair_tower_-_Frankfurt-_Germany_-_05.jpg/78px-01-01-2014_-_Messeturm_-_trade_fair_tower_-_Frankfurt-_Germany_-_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/01-01-2014_-_Messeturm_-_trade_fair_tower_-_Frankfurt-_Germany_-_05.jpg/117px-01-01-2014_-_Messeturm_-_trade_fair_tower_-_Frankfurt-_Germany_-_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/01-01-2014_-_Messeturm_-_trade_fair_tower_-_Frankfurt-_Germany_-_05.jpg/156px-01-01-2014_-_Messeturm_-_trade_fair_tower_-_Frankfurt-_Germany_-_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="3005" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Messeturm" title="Messeturm">Messeturm</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Roemerberg_19-27_von_Suedosten-20110307.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Roemerberg_19-27_von_Suedosten-20110307.jpg/137px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Roemerberg_19-27_von_Suedosten-20110307.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Roemerberg_19-27_von_Suedosten-20110307.jpg/206px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Roemerberg_19-27_von_Suedosten-20110307.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Roemerberg_19-27_von_Suedosten-20110307.jpg/274px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Roemerberg_19-27_von_Suedosten-20110307.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6merberg_(Frankfurt)" title="Römerberg (Frankfurt)">Römerberg</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg/137px-FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg/206px-FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg/274px-FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Alte_Oper" title="Alte Oper">Alte Oper</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:56px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoechster_Mainpanorama_August_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hoechster_Mainpanorama_August_2007.jpg/278px-Hoechster_Mainpanorama_August_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hoechster_Mainpanorama_August_2007.jpg/417px-Hoechster_Mainpanorama_August_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Hoechster_Mainpanorama_August_2007.jpg/556px-Hoechster_Mainpanorama_August_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8795" data-file-height="1794" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6chst_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)">Old town in Höchst</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Frankfurt am Main"><img alt="Flag of Frankfurt am Main" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg/100px-Flag_of_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg/150px-Flag_of_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg/200px-Flag_of_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Frankfurt am Main"><img alt="Coat of arms of Frankfurt am Main" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg/73px-Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg/110px-Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg/146px-Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="544" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:line; margin-top:0.2px"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="height:auto; padding:0.1em; padding-left:0.3em; padding-right:1.5em;">Location of Frankfurt am Main within Hesse</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hesse_F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hesse_F.svg/250px-Hesse_F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hesse_F.svg/375px-Hesse_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hesse_F.svg/500px-Hesse_F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="1164" /></a></span> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankfurt am Main is located in Germany"><img alt="Frankfurt am Main is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.157%;left:31.822%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Frankfurt am Main"><img alt="Frankfurt am Main" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Frankfurt am Main </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hesse_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankfurt am Main is located in Hesse"><img alt="Frankfurt am Main is located in Hesse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hesse_location_map.svg/250px-Hesse_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hesse_location_map.svg/375px-Hesse_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hesse_location_map.svg/500px-Hesse_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1040" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.467%;left:39.614%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Frankfurt am Main"><img alt="Frankfurt am Main" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Frankfurt am Main </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Hesse</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Frankfurt&params=50_06_38_N_08_40_56_E_type:city(773068)_region:DE-HE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°06′38″N</span> <span class="longitude">08°40′56″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.11056°N 8.68222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.11056; 8.68222</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Admin. region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_(region)" title="Darmstadt (region)">Darmstadt </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1st century</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data">16 area districts (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ortsbezirke</i></span>)<br />46 city districts (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtteile</i></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Frankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Frankfurt">Lord Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Josef" title="Mike Josef">Mike Josef</a><sup id="cite_ref-Süddeutsche.de-2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Süddeutsche.de-2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing parties</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a> / <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> / <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> / <a href="/wiki/Volt_Germany" title="Volt Germany">Volt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">248.31 km<sup>2</sup> (95.87 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">112 m (367 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">773,068</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,100/km<sup>2</sup> (8,100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,319,029<sup id="cite_ref-The_FrankfurtRheinMain_region_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_FrankfurtRheinMain_region-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,604,523<sup id="cite_ref-Regional_Monitoring_2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regional_Monitoring_2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">60306–60599, 65929–65936</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">069, <a href="/wiki/Harheim" title="Harheim">06101</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Enkheim" title="Bergen-Enkheim">06109</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">F</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frankfurt.de/">frankfurt<wbr />.de</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1794#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frankfurt am Main</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁt<span class="wrap"> </span>ʔam<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈmaɪn]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/25\/De-Frankfurt_am_Main.ogg\/De-Frankfurt_am_Main.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Frankfurt am Main.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/De-Frankfurt_am_Main.ogg/De-Frankfurt_am_Main.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Frankfurt_am_Main.ogg" title="File:De-Frankfurt am Main.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> "<a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frank</a> <a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">ford</a> on the<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a>") is the most populous city in the <a href="/wiki/German_state" class="mw-redirect" title="German state">German state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>. Its 773,068 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">fifth-most populous city in Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located in the foreland of the <a href="/wiki/Taunus" title="Taunus">Taunus</a> on its namesake <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a>, it forms a continuous <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a> with <a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a>; <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_Regional_Authority" title="Frankfurt Rhein-Main Regional Authority">its urban area</a> has a population of over 2.7 million. The city is the heart of the larger <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Main">Rhine-Main</a> metropolitan region, which has a population of more than 5.8 million and is Germany's <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">second-largest</a> metropolitan region after the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr</a> region and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_EU_metropolitan_areas_by_GDP" title="List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP">fourth biggest metropolitan region by GDP</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. Frankfurt is home to the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">institutional seats</a> of the European Union, while <a href="/wiki/Bankenviertel" title="Bankenviertel">Frankfurt's central business district</a> lies about 90 km (56 mi) northwest of the <a href="/wiki/Geographic_centre_of_the_EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic centre of the EU">geographic center of the EU</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gadheim" title="Gadheim">Gadheim</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Franconia" title="Lower Franconia">Lower Franconia</a>. Like France and <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconia</a>, the city is named after the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>. Frankfurt is the largest city in the <a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Franconian" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenish Franconian">Rhenish Franconian</a> dialect area. </p><p>Frankfurt was a <a href="/wiki/City_state" class="mw-redirect" title="City state">city state</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Free City of Frankfurt</a>, for nearly five centuries, and was one of the most important cities of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, as a site of <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor">Imperial coronations</a>; it lost its <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> upon the collapse of the empire in 1806, regained it in 1815 and then lost it again in 1866, when it was annexed (though neutral) by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>. It has been part of the state of Hesse since 1945. Frankfurt is culturally, ethnically and religiously diverse, with half of its population, and a majority of its young people, <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Germany" title="Immigration to Germany">having a migrant background</a>. A quarter of the population consists of foreign nationals, including many <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriates</a>. In 2015, Frankfurt was home to 1,909 <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high-net-worth_individual" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra high-net-worth individual">ultra high-net-worth individuals</a>, the sixth-highest number of any city. As of 2023, Frankfurt is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_total_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities by total wealth">13th-wealthiest city</a> in the world and the second-wealthiest city in Europe (after <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frankfurt is a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation, and is the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Due to its central location in the former <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt Airport</a> became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Germany" title="List of the busiest airports in Germany">busiest in Germany</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports" title="List of the busiest airports">the busiest</a> in the world, the airport with the most direct routes in the world, and the primary hub for <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">national airline</a> of Germany and Europe's largest airline. <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Central_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Central Station">Frankfurt Central Station</a> is Germany's second-busiest railway station after <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Hbf" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamburg Hbf">Hamburg Hbf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Kreuz" title="Frankfurter Kreuz">Frankfurter Kreuz</a> is the most-heavily used <a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">interchange</a> in the EU. Frankfurt is one of the major <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial centers</a> of the European continent, with the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>, <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbank" title="Deutsche Bundesbank">Deutsche Bundesbank</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Frankfurt Stock Exchange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/DZ_Bank" title="DZ Bank">DZ Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/KfW" title="KfW">KfW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a>, <a href="/wiki/DekaBank" title="DekaBank">DekaBank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helaba" title="Helaba">Helaba</a>, several <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial technology">fintech</a> <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startups</a>, and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and <a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">creative industries</a> complement the economic base. Frankfurt's <a href="/wiki/DE-CIX" title="DE-CIX">DE-CIX</a> is the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Internet_exchange_point" title="Internet exchange point">internet exchange point</a>. <a href="/wiki/Messe_Frankfurt" title="Messe Frankfurt">Messe Frankfurt</a> is one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">trade fairs</a>. Major fairs include the <a href="/wiki/Musikmesse_Frankfurt" title="Musikmesse Frankfurt">Music Fair</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Book_Fair" title="Frankfurt Book Fair">Frankfurt Book Fair</a>, the world's largest book fair. With 108 consulates, among which the largest is the <a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_the_United_States,_Frankfurt" title="Consulate General of the United States, Frankfurt">US Consulate General</a>, Frankfurt is second to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> among non-capital cities in regards to consulate seats. </p><p>Frankfurt is home to influential <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Germany" title="Education in Germany">educational</a> institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University</a> with the Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Frankfurt" class="extiw" title="de:Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt">de</a>) (Hesse's largest hospital), the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences">FUAS</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_University_of_Music_and_Performing_Arts" title="Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts">FUMPA</a>, and graduate schools like the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School_of_Finance_%26_Management" title="Frankfurt School of Finance & Management">FSFM</a>. The city is one of two seats of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">German National Library</a> (alongside <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>), the largest library in the German-speaking countries and one of the largest in the world. Its renowned <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">cultural</a> venues include the concert hall <a href="/wiki/Alte_Oper" title="Alte Oper">Alte Oper</a>, continental Europe's largest <a href="/wiki/The_English_Theatre_Frankfurt" title="The English Theatre Frankfurt">English theater</a> and many museums, 26 of which line up along the <a href="/wiki/Museum_Embankment" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Embankment">Museum Embankment</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4del" title="Städel">Städel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Liebieghaus" title="Liebieghaus">Liebieghaus</a>, the German Film Museum (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_Filmmuseum" class="extiw" title="de:Deutsches Filmmuseum">de</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Naturmuseum_Senckenberg" title="Naturmuseum Senckenberg">Senckenberg Natural Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Goethe_House" title="Goethe House">Goethe House</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Schirn_Kunsthalle_Frankfurt" title="Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt">Schirn</a> art venue. <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Frankfurt" title="List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt">Frankfurt's skyline</a> is shaped by some of Europe's tallest skyscrapers, which has led to the term <i><a href="/wiki/Mainhattan" title="Mainhattan">Mainhattan</a></i>. The city has many notable green areas and parks, including the <a href="/wiki/Wallanlagen" title="Wallanlagen">Wallanlagen</a>, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkspark_Niddatal" class="extiw" title="de:Volkspark Niddatal">Volkspark Niddatal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCneburgpark" title="Grüneburgpark">Grüneburgpark</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_City_Forest" title="Frankfurt City Forest">City Forest</a>, two major <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical gardens</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Palmengarten" title="Palmengarten">Palmengarten</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden_Frankfurt" title="Botanical Garden Frankfurt">Botanical Garden Frankfurt</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Zoo">Frankfurt Zoo</a>. Frankfurt is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/German_Football_Association" title="German Football Association">German Football Association (Deutscher Fußball-Bund – DFB)</a>, is home to the first division association football club <a href="/wiki/Eintracht_Frankfurt" title="Eintracht Frankfurt">Eintracht Frankfurt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6wen_Frankfurt" title="Löwen Frankfurt">Löwen Frankfurt</a> ice hockey team, and the basketball club <a href="/wiki/Skyliners_Frankfurt" title="Skyliners Frankfurt">Frankfurt Skyliners</a>, and is the venue of the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Marathon" title="Frankfurt Marathon">Frankfurt Marathon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ironman_Germany" title="Ironman Germany">Ironman Germany</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinctions">Distinctions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Distinctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt is the largest financial hub in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>. It is home to the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>, <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbank" title="Deutsche Bundesbank">Deutsche Bundesbank</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Frankfurt Stock Exchange</a> and several large commercial banks. </p><p>The Frankfurt Stock Exchange is one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchanges</a> by <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> and accounts for more than 90 percent of the turnover in the German market. </p><p>In 2010, 63 national and 152 international banks had their registered offices in Frankfurt, including Germany's major banks, notably <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/DZ_Bank" title="DZ Bank">DZ Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/KfW" title="KfW">KfW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deka_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Deka Bank">Deka Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a>, as well as 41 representative offices of international banks.<sup id="cite_ref-Internetredaktion-2012_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Internetredaktion-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frankfurt is considered a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> (alpha world city) as listed by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">GaWC</a> group's 2012 inventory.<sup id="cite_ref-The_World_According_to_GaWC_Archived_30_November_2012_at_the_Wayback_Machine_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_World_According_to_GaWC_Archived_30_November_2012_at_the_Wayback_Machine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among global cities it was ranked tenth by the <a href="/wiki/Global_city#Global_Power_City_Index" title="Global city">Global Power City Index 2011</a> and 11th by the <a href="/wiki/Global_city#Global_City_Competitiveness_Index" title="Global city">Global City Competitiveness Index 2012</a>. Among financial hubs, the city was ranked eighth by the <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre#Xinhua–Dow_Jones_Index_(2010–2014)" title="Financial centre">International Financial Centers Development Index 2013</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title="The anchor (Xinhua–Dow Jones Index (2010–2014)) has been deleted. (2024-11-18)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup> and ninth in the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>. </p><p>Its central location in Germany and Europe makes Frankfurt a major air, rail, and road <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">transport hub</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt Airport</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by passenger traffic">world's busiest international airports by passenger traffic</a> and the main hub for Germany's <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Main)_Hauptbahnhof" title="Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof">Frankfurt Central Station</a> is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Terminal_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal station">rail stations</a> in Europe and the busiest junction operated by <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a>, the German national railway company, with 342 trains a day to domestic and European destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-Bahnhof_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bahnhof-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Kreuz" title="Frankfurter Kreuz">Frankfurter Kreuz</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Autobahn</a> <a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">interchange</a> and located close to the airport, is the most-heavily used interchange in the EU, used by 320,000 cars daily.<sup id="cite_ref-Strassenwaerter_Archived_2_May_2005_at_the_Wayback_Machine_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strassenwaerter_Archived_2_May_2005_at_the_Wayback_Machine-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011 human-resource-consulting firm <a href="/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)" title="Mercer (consulting firm)">Mercer</a> ranked Frankfurt as seventh in its annual 'Quality of Living' survey of cities around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercer-2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercer-2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> cost-of-living survey, Frankfurt is Germany's most expensive city and the world's tenth most expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Economist_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frankfurt has many downtown <a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">high-rise buildings</a> that form its renowned <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Frankfurt" title="List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt">Frankfurt skyline</a>. In fact, it is one of the few cities in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) to have such a skyline, which is why Germans sometimes refer to Frankfurt as <a href="/wiki/Mainhattan" title="Mainhattan">Mainhattan</a>, combining the local river <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>". The other well-known nickname is <a href="/wiki/Bankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankfurt">Bankfurt</a>. Before <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Frankfurt_am_Main_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Frankfurt am Main in World War II">World War II</a>, the city was noted for its unique <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">old town</a>, the largest timber-framed old town in Europe. The <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6mer" title="Römer">Römer</a> area was later rebuilt and is popular with visitors and for events such as <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Christmas_Market" title="Frankfurt Christmas Market">Frankfurt Christmas Market</a>. Other parts of the old town were reconstructed as part of the <a href="/wiki/Dom-R%C3%B6mer_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom-Römer Project">Dom-Römer Project</a> from 2012 to 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">Frankonovurd</i></span> (in <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a>) or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vadum Francorum</i></span> (in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>) were the first names mentioned in written records from 794. It transformed to <i>Frankenfort</i> during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and then to <i>Franckfort</i> and <i>Franckfurth</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">modern era</a>. According to historian <a href="/wiki/David_Gans" title="David Gans">David Gans</a>, the city was named <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 146 AD</span> by its builder, a Frankish king named Zuna, who ruled over the province then known as <a href="/wiki/Sicambri" title="Sicambri">Sicambri</a>. He hoped thereby to perpetuate the name of his lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is chronologically incompatible, however, with the archaeologically demonstrated Roman occupation of the area around <a href="/wiki/Nida_(Roman_town)" title="Nida (Roman town)">Nida</a> fortress in modern <a href="/wiki/Heddernheim" title="Heddernheim">Heddernheim</a>. The name is derived from the <i>Franconofurd</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribe</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>; <i>Furt</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">cf.</a> English <i><a href="/wiki/Ford_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford (river)">ford</a></i>) where the river was shallow enough to be crossed on foot. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_Frankenfurt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Die_Frankenfurt.jpg/300px-Die_Frankenfurt.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Die_Frankenfurt.jpg/450px-Die_Frankenfurt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Die_Frankenfurt.jpg/600px-Die_Frankenfurt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption>The legend of the <i>Frankenfurt</i> (ford of the Franks)</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 19th century, the name <i>Frankfurt</i> had been established as the official spelling. The older English spelling of <i>Frankfort</i> is now rarely seen in reference to Frankfurt am Main, although more than a dozen other towns and cities, mainly in the United States, use this spelling, including <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort, Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfort_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfort (town), New York">Frankfort, New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Illinois" title="Frankfort, Illinois">Frankfort, Illinois</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> first used the Frankfurt spelling for Frankfurt am Main on 24 October 1953 and last used the Frankfort spelling on 10 June 1954. </p><p>The suffix <i>am Main</i> has been used regularly since the 14th century. In English, the city's full name of <i>Frankfurt am Main</i> means "Frankfurt on the Main" (pronounced like English <i>mine</i> or German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">mein</i></span>). Frankfurt is located on an ancient ford (German: <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Furt</i></span></i>) on the river <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a>. As a part of early <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconia</a>, the inhabitants were the early <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>, thus the city's name reveals its legacy as "the ford of the Franks on the Main".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among English speakers, the city is commonly known simply as Frankfurt, but Germans occasionally call it by its full name to distinguish it from the other (significantly smaller) German city of <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt an der Oder</a> in the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany"><i>Land</i></a> of <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> on the Polish border. </p><p>The city district <a href="/wiki/Bonames" title="Bonames">Bonames</a> has a name probably dating back to Roman times, thought to be derived from <i>bona me(n)sa</i> (good table). </p><p>The common abbreviations for the city, primarily used in railway services and on road signs, are <i>Frankfurt (Main)</i>, <i>Frankfurt (M)</i>, <i>Frankfurt a. M.</i>, <i>Frankfurt/Main</i> or <i>Frankfurt/M</i>. The common <a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviation</a> for the name of the city is "FFM". Also in use is "FRA", the <a href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_airport_code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Air Transport Association airport code">IATA code</a> for Frankfurt Airport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Frankfurt am Main">History of Frankfurt am Main</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Frankfurt" title="Timeline of Frankfurt">Timeline of Frankfurt</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; font-size: 80%;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;">Timeline of Frankfurt am Main<br /><small>historical affiliations</small></div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span class="flagicon" style="padding-left:25px;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, pre 475<br /> <span class="flagicon" style="padding-left:25px;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a>, ca. 475–843<br /> <span class="flagicon" style="padding-left:25px;"> </span><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a>, 843–962<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433_%28Nimbierter_Adler%29.svg/23px-Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433_%28Nimbierter_Adler%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433_%28Nimbierter_Adler%29.svg/35px-Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433_%28Nimbierter_Adler%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433_%28Nimbierter_Adler%29.svg/45px-Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433_%28Nimbierter_Adler%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, 962–1806<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Free City of Frankfurt</a>, 1372–1806<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Banner_of_the_Electorate_of_Mainz.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Electorate_of_Mainz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Banner_of_the_Electorate_of_Mainz.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Electorate_of_Mainz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Banner_of_the_Electorate_of_Mainz.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Electorate_of_Mainz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Frankfurt" title="Grand Duchy of Frankfurt">Grand Duchy of Frankfurt</a>, 1806–1813 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Free_City_of_Frankfurt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Free City of Frankfurt</a>, 1813–1866<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>, 1866–1871<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, 1871–1918 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>, 1918–1933 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a>, 1933–1945<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/American_occupation_zone_in_Germany" title="American occupation zone in Germany">American occupation zone</a>, 1945–1949<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, 1949–1990 <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, 1990–present </p> </blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_and_Holy_Roman_Empire">Early history and Holy Roman Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early history and Holy Roman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the western borders of Frankfurt lies the <a href="/wiki/Michelsberg_culture#Settlements" title="Michelsberg culture">Kapellenberg</a> as part of the Taunus with one of the first Stone Age cities in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Celts had different settlements in the Taunus mountains north of Frankfurt, the biggest one the <a href="/wiki/Heidetrank_Oppidum" title="Heidetrank Oppidum">Heidetrank Oppidum</a>. The first traces of <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Roman settlements</a> established in the area of the <a href="/wiki/Nidda_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Nidda River">river Nidda</a> date to the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a> in the years 69 to 79 AD. <a href="/wiki/Nida_(Roman_town)" title="Nida (Roman town)">Nida</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Heddernheim" title="Heddernheim">Heddernheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Praunheim" title="Praunheim">Praunheim</a>) was a Roman <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitas</a> capital (<i>Civitas Taunensium</i>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> and Franks <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">lived there</a>, and by 794, <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> presided over an <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Frankfurt" title="Council of Frankfurt">imperial assembly</a> and church synod, at which <i>Franconofurd</i> (alternative spellings end with -furt and -vurd) was first mentioned. It was one of the two capitals of Charlemagne's grandson <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>. Louis founded the <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_church" title="Collegiate church">collegiate church</a>, rededicated in 1239 to <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew the Apostle</a> and now <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Cathedral" title="Frankfurt Cathedral">Frankfurt Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frankfurt was one of the most important cities in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. From 855, the <a href="/wiki/German_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="German kings">German kings</a> were elected and crowned in <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>. From 1562, the kings and <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor">emperors were crowned</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_election" title="Imperial election">elected</a> in Frankfurt, initiated for <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a>. This tradition ended in 1792, when <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a> was elected. His coronation was deliberately held on <a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a>, 14 July, the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">storming of the Bastille</a>. The elections and coronations took place in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Cathedral" title="Frankfurt Cathedral">St. Bartholomäus Cathedral</a>, known as the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kaiserdom</i></span> (Emperor's Cathedral), or its predecessors. </p><p>The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Messe_Frankfurt" title="Messe Frankfurt">Frankfurter Messe</a></i></span> ('Frankfurt Trade Fair') was first mentioned in 1150. In 1240, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Frederick_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Frederick II">Emperor Frederick II</a> granted an imperial privilege to its visitors, meaning they would be protected by the empire. The fair became particularly important when similar fairs in French Beaucaire lost attraction around 1380. <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Book_Fair" title="Frankfurt Book Fair">Book trade fairs</a> began in 1478. </p><p>In 1372, Frankfurt became a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsstadt</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Free City">Imperial Free City</a>), i.e., directly subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> and not to a regional ruler or a local nobleman. </p><p>In 1585, Frankfurt traders established a system of <a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate" title="Exchange rate">exchange rates</a> for the various currencies that were circulating to prevent cheating and extortion. Therein lay the early roots for the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. </p><p>Frankfurt managed to remain neutral during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, but suffered from the <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a> that refugees brought to the city. After the war, Frankfurt regained its wealth. In the late 1770s the theater principal <a href="/wiki/Abel_Seyler" title="Abel Seyler">Abel Seyler</a> was based in Frankfurt, and established the city's theatrical life.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mk_Frankfurt_Merian_Stadtansicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankfurt in 1612"><img alt="Frankfurt in 1612" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Mk_Frankfurt_Merian_Stadtansicht.jpg/308px-Mk_Frankfurt_Merian_Stadtansicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Mk_Frankfurt_Merian_Stadtansicht.jpg/461px-Mk_Frankfurt_Merian_Stadtansicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Mk_Frankfurt_Merian_Stadtansicht.jpg/615px-Mk_Frankfurt_Merian_Stadtansicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2926" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frankfurt in 1612</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 281.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 279.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Peter_Becker-BAAF-032-Aussicht_vom_Steinernen_Haus_in_der_Judengasse_nach_Westen-1872.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankfurt in 1872"><img alt="Frankfurt in 1872" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Peter_Becker-BAAF-032-Aussicht_vom_Steinernen_Haus_in_der_Judengasse_nach_Westen-1872.jpg/419px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Peter_Becker-BAAF-032-Aussicht_vom_Steinernen_Haus_in_der_Judengasse_nach_Westen-1872.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Peter_Becker-BAAF-032-Aussicht_vom_Steinernen_Haus_in_der_Judengasse_nach_Westen-1872.jpg/628px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Peter_Becker-BAAF-032-Aussicht_vom_Steinernen_Haus_in_der_Judengasse_nach_Westen-1872.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Peter_Becker-BAAF-032-Aussicht_vom_Steinernen_Haus_in_der_Judengasse_nach_Westen-1872.jpg/837px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Peter_Becker-BAAF-032-Aussicht_vom_Steinernen_Haus_in_der_Judengasse_nach_Westen-1872.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frankfurt in 1872</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 295.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 293.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hertel_Kaiserplatz_von_Osten_um_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaiserplatz, c. 1880"><img alt="Kaiserplatz, c. 1880" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hertel_Kaiserplatz_von_Osten_um_1880.jpg/440px-Hertel_Kaiserplatz_von_Osten_um_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="294" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hertel_Kaiserplatz_von_Osten_um_1880.jpg/660px-Hertel_Kaiserplatz_von_Osten_um_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hertel_Kaiserplatz_von_Osten_um_1880.jpg/880px-Hertel_Kaiserplatz_von_Osten_um_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1989" data-file-height="1356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kaiserplatz, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1880</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_of_French_revolution_and_the_Napoleonic_Wars">Impact of French revolution and the Napoleonic Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Impact of French revolution and the Napoleonic Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, Frankfurt was occupied or bombarded several times by French troops. It remained a <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free city</a> until the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1805/6. In 1806, it became part of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Aschaffenburg" title="Principality of Aschaffenburg">principality of Aschaffenburg</a> under the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fürstprimas</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prince-Primate" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Primate">Prince-Primate</a>), <a href="/wiki/Karl_Theodor_Anton_Maria_von_Dalberg" title="Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg">Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg</a>. This meant that Frankfurt was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a>. In 1810, Dalberg adopted the title of a <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Frankfurt" title="Grand Duchy of Frankfurt">Grand Duke of Frankfurt</a>. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon</a> intended to make his adopted son <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Beauharnais" title="Eugène de Beauharnais">Eugène de Beauharnais</a>, already <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Prince de Venise</i></span> ("<a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Venice" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Venice">prince of Venice</a>", a newly established primogeniture in Italy), Grand Duke of Frankfurt after Dalberg's death (since the latter as a Catholic bishop had no legitimate heirs). The Grand Duchy remained a short episode lasting from 1810 to 1813 when the military tide turned in favor of the Anglo-Prussian-led allies that overturned the Napoleonic order. Dalberg abdicated in favor of Eugène de Beauharnais, which of course was only a symbolic action, as the latter effectively never ruled after the ruin of the French armies and Frankfurt's takeover by the allies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frankfurt_as_a_fully_sovereign_state">Frankfurt as a fully sovereign state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Frankfurt as a fully sovereign state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Napoleon's final defeat and abdication, the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> (1814–1815) dissolved the grand-duchy and Frankfurt became a fully sovereign city-state with a republican form of government. Frankfurt entered the newly founded <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (till 1866) as a free city, becoming the seat of its <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundestag</i></span>, the confederal parliament where the nominally presiding <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg Emperor of Austria</a> was represented by an Austrian "presidential envoy". </p><p>After the ill-fated <a href="/wiki/German_revolutions_of_1848%E2%80%931849" title="German revolutions of 1848–1849">revolution of 1848</a>, Frankfurt was the seat of the first democratically elected German parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Parliament">Frankfurt Parliament</a>, which met in the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Paulskirche" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurter Paulskirche">Frankfurter Paulskirche</a></i></span> (St. Paul's Church) and was opened on 18 May 1848. In the year of its existence, the assembly developed a common constitution for a unified Germany, with the Prussian king as its monarch. The institution failed in 1849 when the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussian</a> king, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_IV_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William IV of Prussia">Frederick William IV</a>, declared that he would not accept "a crown from the gutter". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frankfurt_after_the_loss_of_sovereignty">Frankfurt after the loss of sovereignty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Frankfurt after the loss of sovereignty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Courbet_Frankfurt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Courbet_Frankfurt.jpg/220px-Courbet_Frankfurt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Courbet_Frankfurt.jpg/330px-Courbet_Frankfurt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Courbet_Frankfurt.jpg/440px-Courbet_Frankfurt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption><i>View of Frankfurt am Main</i>, including the <a href="/wiki/Alte_Br%C3%BCcke_(Frankfurt)" title="Alte Brücke (Frankfurt)">Alte Brücke</a> (Old Bridge), by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a> (1858)</figcaption></figure> <p>Frankfurt lost its independence after the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War" title="Austro-Prussian War">Austro-Prussian War</a> in 1866 when Prussia annexed several smaller states, among them the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Free City of Frankfurt</a>. The Prussian administration incorporated Frankfurt into its province of <a href="/wiki/Hesse-Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesse-Nassau">Hesse-Nassau</a>. The Prussian occupation and annexation were perceived as a great injustice in Frankfurt, which retained its distinct western European, urban and cosmopolitan character. The formerly independent towns of <a href="/wiki/Bornheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bornheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bockenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bockenheim</a> were incorporated in 1890. </p><p>In 1914, the citizens founded the University of Frankfurt, later named <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University Frankfurt</a>. This marked the only civic foundation of a university in Germany; today it is one of Germany's largest. </p><p>From 6 April to 17 May 1920, following military intervention to put down the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_uprising" title="Ruhr uprising">Ruhr uprising</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_occupation_of_Frankfurt" title="French occupation of Frankfurt">Frankfurt was occupied by French troops</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French claimed that Articles 42 to 44 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles_(1919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Versailles (1919)">peace treaty of Versailles</a> concerning the demilitarization of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhineland</a> had been broken.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1924, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Landmann" title="Ludwig Landmann">Ludwig Landmann</a> became the first Jewish mayor of the city, and led a significant expansion during the following years. During the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi era</a>, the synagogues of the city were destroyed and the vast majority of the Jewish population fled or was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-frankfurt-tourismus.de_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frankfurt-tourismus.de-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Frankfurt was the location of a Nazi prison for underage girls with several <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a> camps,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a camp for <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> (see <i><a href="/wiki/Romani_Holocaust" title="Romani Holocaust">Romani Holocaust</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Dulag Luft West transit camp for <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> prisoners of war,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a subcamp of the <a href="/wiki/Natzweiler-Struthof_concentration_camp" title="Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp">Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frankfurt was severely <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Frankfurt_am_Main_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Frankfurt am Main in World War II">bombed in World War II</a> (1939–1945). About 5,500 residents were killed during the raids, and the once-famous <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">medieval city center</a>, by that time one of the largest in Germany, was almost completely destroyed. It became a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frankfurt" title="Battle of Frankfurt">ground battlefield</a> on 26 March 1945, when the Allied advance into Germany was forced to take the city in contested urban combat that included a river assault. The <a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="5th Infantry Division (United States)">5th Infantry Division</a> and the <a href="/wiki/6th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="6th Armored Division (United States)">6th Armored Division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> captured Frankfurt after several days of intense fighting, and it was declared largely secure on 29 March 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frankfurt consists to over 40% of buildings from before World War II, besides all destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-zensus2011.de_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zensus2011.de-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the end of the war, Frankfurt became a part of the newly founded state of Hesse, consisting of the old <a href="/wiki/People%27s_State_of_Hesse" title="People's State of Hesse">Hesse-(Darmstadt)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Kurhessen" title="Province of Kurhessen">Prussian Hesse</a> provinces. The city was part of the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Occupation_Zones_in_Germany#American_Zone_of_Occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Occupation Zones in Germany">American Zone of Occupation</a> of Germany. The Military Governor for the United States Zone (1945–1949) and the United States High Commissioner for Germany (HICOG) (1949–1952) had their headquarters in the <a href="/wiki/IG_Farben_Building" title="IG Farben Building">IG Farben Building</a>, intentionally left undamaged by the Allies' wartime bombardment. </p><p>Frankfurt was the original choice for the provisional capital city of the newly founded state of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in 1949. The city constructed a parliament building that was never used for its intended purpose (it housed the radio studios of <a href="/wiki/Hessischer_Rundfunk" title="Hessischer Rundfunk">Hessischer Rundfunk</a>). In the end, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a>, the first postwar <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(Federal_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)">Chancellor</a>, preferred the town of <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, for the most part because it was close to his hometown, but also because many other prominent politicians opposed the choice of Frankfurt out of concern that Frankfurt would be accepted as the permanent capital, thereby weakening the West German population's support for a <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">reunification</a> with <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> and the eventual return of the capital to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. </p><p>Postwar reconstruction took place in a sometimes simple modern style, thus changing Frankfurt's architectural face. A few landmark buildings were reconstructed historically, albeit in a simplified manner (e.g., <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6mer" title="Römer">Römer</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Church,_Frankfurt_am_Main" title="St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt am Main">St. Paul's Church</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Goethe_House" title="Goethe House">Goethe House</a>). The collection of historically significant <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Genizah" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairo Genizah">Cairo Genizah</a> documents of the Municipal Library was destroyed by the bombing. According to <a href="/wiki/Arabist" title="Arabist">Arabist</a> and Genizah scholar <a href="/wiki/S.D._Goitein" class="mw-redirect" title="S.D. Goitein">S.D. Goitein</a>, "not even handlists indicating its contents have survived."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:1022px;max-width:1022px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg/340px-Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg/510px-Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg/680px-Frankfurt_Nationalversammlung_1848.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2122" data-file-height="1515" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The Frankfurt Parliament at St. Paul's Church in 1848</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:307px;max-width:307px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Altstadt-Zerstoerung-Luftbild_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Altstadt-Zerstoerung-Luftbild_1944.jpg/305px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Altstadt-Zerstoerung-Luftbild_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Altstadt-Zerstoerung-Luftbild_1944.jpg/458px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Altstadt-Zerstoerung-Luftbild_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Altstadt-Zerstoerung-Luftbild_1944.jpg/610px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Altstadt-Zerstoerung-Luftbild_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6971" data-file-height="5607" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Aerial view of the cathedral in May 1945</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:367px;max-width:367px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg-20070607.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg-20070607.jpg/365px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg-20070607.jpg" decoding="async" width="365" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg-20070607.jpg/548px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg-20070607.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg-20070607.jpg/730px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg-20070607.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Reconstruction (1981–1984) of six houses at the east side of the Römerberg which were destroyed in World War II</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The end of the war marked Frankfurt's comeback as Germany's leading financial hub, mainly because Berlin, now a city divided into <a href="/wiki/History_of_Berlin#The_divided_city" title="History of Berlin">four sectors</a>, could no longer rival it. In 1948, the Allies founded the <a href="/wiki/Bank_deutscher_L%C3%A4nder" title="Bank deutscher Länder">Bank deutscher Länder</a>, the forerunner of <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbank" title="Deutsche Bundesbank">Deutsche Bundesbank</a></span></span>. Following this decision, more financial institutions were re-established, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dresdner_Bank" title="Dresdner Bank">Dresdner Bank</a>. In the 1950s, Frankfurt Stock Exchange regained its position as the country's leading stock exchange. </p><p>Frankfurt also reemerged as Germany's transportation hub and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt Airport</a> became Europe's second-busiest airport behind <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow Airport</a> in 1961. </p><p>During the 1970s, the city created one of Europe's most efficient underground transportation systems.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That system includes a suburban rail system (<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a>) linking outlying communities with the city center, and a deep underground light rail system with smaller coaches (<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_U-Bahn" title="Frankfurt U-Bahn">U-Bahn</a>) also capable of travelling above ground on rails. </p><p>In 1998, the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> was founded in Frankfurt, followed by the <a href="/wiki/European_Insurance_and_Occupational_Pensions_Authority" title="European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority">European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Systemic_Risk_Board" title="European Systemic Risk Board">European Systemic Risk Board</a> in 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taunus_-_Deutsche_Mittelgebirge,_Serie_A-de.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Taunus_-_Deutsche_Mittelgebirge%2C_Serie_A-de.png/220px-Taunus_-_Deutsche_Mittelgebirge%2C_Serie_A-de.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Taunus_-_Deutsche_Mittelgebirge%2C_Serie_A-de.png/330px-Taunus_-_Deutsche_Mittelgebirge%2C_Serie_A-de.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Taunus_-_Deutsche_Mittelgebirge%2C_Serie_A-de.png/440px-Taunus_-_Deutsche_Mittelgebirge%2C_Serie_A-de.png 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Frankfurt on the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Nidda_(river)" title="Nidda (river)">Nidda</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a>, which flows into the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhineland-Palatine">Rhineland-Palatine</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hessian</a> (historically <a href="/wiki/Nassau_(region)" title="Nassau (region)">Nassauian</a>) capital of <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>. Also visible the <a href="/wiki/Taunus" title="Taunus">Taunus</a> suburbs of the districts of <a href="/wiki/Hochtaunuskreis" title="Hochtaunuskreis">High Taunus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Main-Taunus-Kreis" title="Main-Taunus-Kreis">Main-Taunus</a>, two of the wealthiest districts in Germany.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_by_Sentinel-2,_2020-07-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Frankfurt_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-07-23.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-07-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Frankfurt_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-07-23.jpg/330px-Frankfurt_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-07-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Frankfurt_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-07-23.jpg/440px-Frankfurt_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-07-23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3260" data-file-height="3133" /></a><figcaption>Frankfurt as seen by the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2A</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_am_Main,_Germany,_March_25,_2018_SkySat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany%2C_March_25%2C_2018_SkySat.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany%2C_March_25%2C_2018_SkySat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany%2C_March_25%2C_2018_SkySat.jpg/330px-Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany%2C_March_25%2C_2018_SkySat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany%2C_March_25%2C_2018_SkySat.jpg/440px-Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany%2C_March_25%2C_2018_SkySat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption>The central Innenstadt district, as seen by a <a href="/wiki/SkySat" title="SkySat">SkySat</a> satellite</figcaption></figure> <p>Frankfurt is the largest city in the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> in the western part of Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Site">Site</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt is located on both sides of the river <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a>, south-east of the <a href="/wiki/Taunus" title="Taunus">Taunus</a> mountain range. The southern part of the city contains the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_City_Forest" title="Frankfurt City Forest">Frankfurt City Forest</a>, Germany's largest city forest. The city area is 248.31 km<sup>2</sup> (95.87 sq mi) and extends over 23.4 km (14.54 mi) east to west and 23.3 km (14.48 mi) north to south. Its downtown is north of the river Main in <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a> district (the historical center) and the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Innenstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Innenstadt</a> district. The geographical center is in <a href="/wiki/Bockenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bockenheim</a> district near <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_West_station" title="Frankfurt West station">Frankfurt West station</a>. </p><p>Frankfurt at the heart of the densely populated <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Rhine-Main" title="Frankfurt Rhine-Main">Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region</a> with a population of 5.5 million. Other important cities in the region are <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a> (capital of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a> (capital of <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>), <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aschaffenburg" title="Aschaffenburg">Aschaffenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bad_Homburg_vor_der_H%C3%B6he" class="mw-redirect" title="Bad Homburg vor der Höhe">Bad Homburg vor der Höhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCsselsheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Rüsselsheim">Rüsselsheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Subdivisions_boroughs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Frankfurt_Subdivisions_boroughs.svg/220px-Frankfurt_Subdivisions_boroughs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Frankfurt_Subdivisions_boroughs.svg/330px-Frankfurt_Subdivisions_boroughs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Frankfurt_Subdivisions_boroughs.svg/440px-Frankfurt_Subdivisions_boroughs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption>The 46 <i>Stadtteile</i> (city districts) of central Frankfurt, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is divided into 46 city districts (<i>Stadtteile</i>), which are in turn divided into 121 city boroughs (<i>Stadtbezirke</i>) and 448 electoral districts (<i>Wahlbezirke</i>). The 46 city districts combine into 16 area districts (<i><a href="/wiki/Ortsbezirk_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortsbezirk (Frankfurt am Main)">Ortsbezirke</a></i>), which each have a district committee and chairperson. </p><p>The largest city district by population and area is <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen</a>, while the smallest is <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a>, Frankfurt's historical center. Three larger city districts (Sachsenhausen, <a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nordend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)">Nordend</a>) are divided for administrative purposes into a northern (<i>-Nord</i>) and a southern (<i>-Süd</i>) part, respectively a western (<i>-West</i>) and an eastern (<i>-Ost</i>) part, but are generally considered as one city district (which is why often only 43 city districts are mentioned, even on the city's official website).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some larger housing areas are often falsely called city districts, even by locals, like Nordweststadt (part of <a href="/wiki/Niederursel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niederursel (Frankfurt am Main)">Niederursel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heddernheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heddernheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Heddernheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Praunheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Praunheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Praunheim</a>), Goldstein (part of <a href="/wiki/Schwanheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Schwanheim</a>), Riedberg (part of <a href="/wiki/Kalbach-Riedberg_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalbach-Riedberg (Frankfurt am Main)">Kalbach-Riedberg</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Europaviertel" title="Europaviertel">Europaviertel</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Gallus_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)">Gallus</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Bankenviertel" title="Bankenviertel">Bankenviertel</a> (<i>banking district</i>), Frankfurt's financial district, is also not an administrative city district (it covers parts of the western <a href="/wiki/Innenstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Innenstadt</a> district, the southern <a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend</a> district and the eastern <a href="/wiki/Bahnhofsviertel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)">Bahnhofsviertel</a> district). </p><p>Many city districts are incorporated suburbs (<i><a href="/wiki/Vororte" class="mw-redirect" title="Vororte">Vororte</a></i>) or were previously independent cities, such as <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6chst_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)">Höchst</a>. Some like <a href="/wiki/Nordend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)">Nordend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend</a> arose during the rapid growth of the city in the <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnderzeit" title="Gründerzeit">Gründerzeit</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">Unification of Germany</a>, while others were formed from territory which previously belonged to other city district(s), such as <a href="/wiki/Dornbusch_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Dornbusch (Frankfurt am Main)">Dornbusch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Riederwald_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Riederwald (Frankfurt am Main)">Riederwald</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_incorporations">History of incorporations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: History of incorporations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the year 1877 the city's territory consisted of the present-day inner-city districts of <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Innenstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Innenstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahnhofsviertel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)">Bahnhofsviertel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gutleutviertel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutleutviertel (Frankfurt am Main)">Gutleutviertel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallus_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)">Gallus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)">Nordend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)">Ostend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bornheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bornheim</a> was part of an administrative district called <i>Landkreis Frankfurt</i>, before becoming part of the city on 1 January 1877, followed by <a href="/wiki/Bockenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bockenheim</a> on 1 April 1895. <a href="/wiki/Seckbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Seckbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niederrad_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niederrad (Frankfurt am Main)">Niederrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oberrad_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberrad (Frankfurt am Main)">Oberrad</a> followed on 1 July 1900. The <i>Landkreis Frankfurt</i> was finally dispersed on 1 April 1910, and therefore <a href="/wiki/Berkersheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkersheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Berkersheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonames_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonames (Frankfurt am Main)">Bonames</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eckenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eckenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Eckenheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eschersheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eschersheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Eschersheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginnheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginnheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Ginnheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Hausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heddernheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heddernheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Heddernheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niederursel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niederursel (Frankfurt am Main)">Niederursel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Praunheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Praunheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Praunheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preungesheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Preungesheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Preungesheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6delheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rödelheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Rödelheim</a> joined the city. In the same year a new city district, <a href="/wiki/Riederwald_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Riederwald (Frankfurt am Main)">Riederwald</a>, was created on territory that had formerly belonged to Seckbach and Ostend. </p><p>On 1 April 1928 the City of <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6chst_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)">Höchst</a> became part of Frankfurt, as well as its city districts <a href="/wiki/Sindlingen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindlingen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sindlingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unterliederbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unterliederbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Unterliederbach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zeilsheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeilsheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Zeilsheim</a>. Simultaneously the <i>Landkreis Höchst</i> was dispersed with its member cities either joining Frankfurt (<a href="/wiki/Fechenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fechenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Fechenheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griesheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Griesheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Griesheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nied_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nied (Frankfurt am Main)">Nied</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schwanheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Schwanheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sossenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sossenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Sossenheim</a>) or joining the newly established <i>Landkreis</i> of <a href="/wiki/Main-Taunus-Kreis" title="Main-Taunus-Kreis">Main-Taunus-Kreis</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dornbusch_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Dornbusch (Frankfurt am Main)">Dornbusch</a> became a city district in 1946. It was created on territory that had formerly belonged to Eckenheim and Ginnheim. </p><p>On 1 August 1972, Hesse's smaller suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Harheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Harheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Kalbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nieder-Erlenbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nieder-Erlenbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Nieder-Erlenbach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nieder-Eschbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nieder-Eschbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Nieder-Eschbach</a> became districts while other neighboring suburbs chose to join the Main-Taunus-Kreis, the <a href="/wiki/Landkreis_Offenbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis Offenbach">Landkreis Offenbach</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kreis_Gro%C3%9F-Gerau" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreis Groß-Gerau">Kreis Groß-Gerau</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hochtaunuskreis" title="Hochtaunuskreis">Hochtaunuskreis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Main-Kinzig-Kreis" title="Main-Kinzig-Kreis">Main-Kinzig-Kreis</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Wetteraukreis" title="Wetteraukreis">Wetteraukreis</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bergen-Enkheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen-Enkheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bergen-Enkheim</a> was the last suburb to become part of Frankfurt on 1 January 1977. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Flughafen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flughafen (Frankfurt am Main)">Flughafen</a> became an official city district in 1979. It covers the area of Frankfurt Airport that had belonged to Sachsenhausen and the neighboring city of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6rfelden-Walldorf" title="Mörfelden-Walldorf">Mörfelden-Walldorf</a>. </p><p>Frankfurt's youngest city district is <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Berg" title="Frankfurter Berg">Frankfurter Berg</a>. It was part of Bonames until 1996. </p><p>Kalbach was officially renamed <a href="/wiki/Kalbach-Riedberg" title="Kalbach-Riedberg">Kalbach-Riedberg</a> in 2006 because of the large residential housing development in the area known as Riedberg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighboring_districts_and_cities">Neighboring districts and cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Neighboring districts and cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Planungsverband_Ballungsraum_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_in_Hesse.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Locator_map_of_Planungsverband_Ballungsraum_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_in_Hesse.svg/180px-Locator_map_of_Planungsverband_Ballungsraum_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_in_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Locator_map_of_Planungsverband_Ballungsraum_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_in_Hesse.svg/270px-Locator_map_of_Planungsverband_Ballungsraum_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_in_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Locator_map_of_Planungsverband_Ballungsraum_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_in_Hesse.svg/360px-Locator_map_of_Planungsverband_Ballungsraum_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_in_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3365" data-file-height="4007" /></a><figcaption>Frankfurt urban area within <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a></figcaption></figure> <p>To the west Frankfurt borders the <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">administrative district</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rural districts of Germany">Landkreis</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Main-Taunus-Kreis" title="Main-Taunus-Kreis">Main-Taunus-Kreis</a> with towns such as <a href="/wiki/Hattersheim_am_Main" title="Hattersheim am Main">Hattersheim am Main</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kriftel" title="Kriftel">Kriftel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hofheim_am_Taunus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofheim am Taunus">Hofheim am Taunus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelkheim_(Taunus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelkheim (Taunus)">Kelkheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liederbach_am_Taunus" title="Liederbach am Taunus">Liederbach am Taunus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulzbach_(Taunus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulzbach (Taunus)">Sulzbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schwalbach_am_Taunus" title="Schwalbach am Taunus">Schwalbach am Taunus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eschborn" title="Eschborn">Eschborn</a>; to the northwest the <a href="/wiki/Hochtaunuskreis" title="Hochtaunuskreis">Hochtaunuskreis</a> with <a href="/wiki/Steinbach_(Taunus)" title="Steinbach (Taunus)">Steinbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oberursel_(Taunus)" title="Oberursel (Taunus)">Oberursel (Taunus)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bad_Homburg_vor_der_H%C3%B6he" class="mw-redirect" title="Bad Homburg vor der Höhe">Bad Homburg vor der Höhe</a>; to the north the <a href="/wiki/Wetteraukreis" title="Wetteraukreis">Wetteraukreis</a> with <a href="/wiki/Karben" title="Karben">Karben</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bad_Vilbel" title="Bad Vilbel">Bad Vilbel</a>; to the northeast the <a href="/wiki/Main-Kinzig-Kreis" title="Main-Kinzig-Kreis">Main-Kinzig-Kreis</a> with <a href="/wiki/Niederdorfelden" title="Niederdorfelden">Niederdorfelden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maintal" title="Maintal">Maintal</a>; to the southeast the city of <a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a>; to the south the <a href="/wiki/Offenbach_(district)" title="Offenbach (district)">Kreis Offenbach</a> with <a href="/wiki/Neu-Isenburg" title="Neu-Isenburg">Neu-Isenburg</a> and to the southwest the <a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9F-Gerau_(district)" title="Groß-Gerau (district)">Kreis Groß-Gerau</a> with <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6rfelden-Walldorf" title="Mörfelden-Walldorf">Mörfelden-Walldorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCsselsheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Rüsselsheim">Rüsselsheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kelsterbach" title="Kelsterbach">Kelsterbach</a>. </p><p>Together with these towns (and some larger nearby towns, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodgau" title="Rodgau">Rodgau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dreieich" title="Dreieich">Dreieich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langen,_Hesse" title="Langen, Hesse">Langen</a>) Frankfurt forms a contiguous built-up urban area called <i>Stadtregion Frankfurt</i> which is not an official administrative district. The urban area had an estimated population of 2.3 million in 2010, and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_European_Union" title="List of urban areas in the European Union">13th-largest urban area in the EU</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt has a <a href="/wiki/Temperateness" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperateness">temperate</a>-<a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfb</i>). Its climate features cool winters with frequent rain showers and overcast skies, and warm to hot summers. The average annual temperature is 11.4 °C (52.5 °F), with monthly mean temperatures ranging from 2.7 °C (36.9 °F) in January to 20.7 °C (69.3 °F) in July. The descriptions below are based on climate data between 1991 and 2020. </p><p>Due to its location at the northern tip of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine" title="Upper Rhine">Upper Rhine</a> Valley in the Southwest of Germany, Frankfurt is one of the warmest and driest major German cities along with <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a>. Summers in Frankfurt can get quite hot when compared to the rest of the country. On average, it sees 62 days with a daily high temperature above 25 °C and 18 days with a high above 30 °C per year. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a> is elevating the number of hot days. In the year of 2018, Frankfurt recorded 108 days with a maximum over 25 °C and 43 days with a high above 30 °C. This is compared to 52 and 13 days on average per year between 1981 and 2010. The overall tendency for higher temperatures can also be seen when comparing the climate data from 1981 to 2010 with the data from 2010 to 2020. Being an <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">urban heat island</a>, Frankfurt sometimes experiences <a href="/wiki/Tropical_night" title="Tropical night">tropical nights</a>, where the temperature does not fall below 20 °C between May and September. This is exacerbated and made more frequent as the density of the city stores daytime heat overnight. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Growing_season" title="Growing season">growing season</a> is longer when compared to the rest of Germany, thus resulting in an early arrival of springtime in the region, with trees typically leafing out already toward the end of March. </p><p>Winters in Frankfurt are generally mild or at least not freezing with a small possibility of snow, especially in January and February but dark and often overcast. Frankfurt is, on average, covered with snow only for around 10 to 20 days per year.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temperature falls below 0 °C on about 64 days and the daily maximum stays below freezing for about 10 days on average per year. Some days with lows under −10 °C can occur more often here than at the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany">Northern Germany</a>, but not as frequently as in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> or the eastern parts of Germany. </p><p>Because of the mild climate in the region, there are some well-known wine regions in the vicinity such as <a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Hesse" title="Rhenish Hesse">Rhenish Hesse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheingau" title="Rheingau">Rheingau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconia_(wine_region)" title="Franconia (wine region)">Franconia (wine region)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bergstra%C3%9Fe_(route)" title="Bergstraße (route)">Bergstraße (route)</a>. There is also a microclimate on the northern bank of the river <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a> which allows <a href="/wiki/Palm_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm tree">palms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fig_trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Fig trees">fig trees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemon_trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon trees">lemon trees</a> and southern European plants to grow in that area. The area is called the "<a href="/wiki/Nizza,_Frankfurt" title="Nizza, Frankfurt">Nizza</a>" (the German word for the southern French town <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>) and is one of the biggest parks with Mediterranean vegetation north of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Frankfurt Airport 1991–2020, extremes 1949–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(101.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.1<br />(15.6) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.7<br />(18.1) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−11.2<br />(11.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.6<br />(−6.9) </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.6<br />(−3.3) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.1<br />(19.2) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.5<br />(11.3) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.0<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−21.6<br />(−6.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(1.73) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(1.44) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.4<br />(2.38) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.4<br />(2.18) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.5<br />(2.50) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.4<br />(2.42) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.7<br />(1.88) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.4<br />(1.98) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3<br />(1.86) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.5<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">598.5<br />(23.56) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.9 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.4 </td> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">164.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #5F5F5F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #9E9E9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">225 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104 </td> <td style="background: #606060; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #494949; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #C2C217; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,725 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NCEI" class="mw-redirect" title="NCEI">NCEI</a> (daily max and min, precipitation days and snow days),<sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infoclimat<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Frankfurt </th></tr> <tr> <th>Month </th> <th>Jan </th> <th>Feb </th> <th>Mar </th> <th>Apr </th> <th>May </th> <th>Jun </th> <th>Jul </th> <th>Aug </th> <th>Sep </th> <th>Oct </th> <th>Nov </th> <th>Dec </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th>Mean No. of days with Maximum temperature => 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) </th> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFCCCC;color:#000000;">0.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFC0C0;color:#000000;">3.3 </td> <td style="background:#FF8080;color:#000000;">6.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF9999;color:#000000;">5.4 </td> <td style="background:#FFCCCC;color:#000000;">0.7 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFCCCC;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">16.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean No. of days with Minimum temperature <= 0.0 °C (32.0 °F) </th> <td style="background:#0080FF;color:#ffffff;">15.8 </td> <td style="background:#0080FF;color:#ffffff;">15 </td> <td style="background:#66B2FF;color:#000000;">8.8 </td> <td style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;">2.9 </td> <td style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;">0.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#CCE5FF;color:#000000;">1.7 </td> <td style="background:#80C0FF;color:#000000;">6.2 </td> <td style="background:#3399FF;color:#000000;">13.6 </td> <td style="background:#99CCFF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">64.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean No. of days with Maximum temperature <= 0.0 °C (32.0 °F) </th> <td style="background:#CCFFFF;color:#000000;">4.6 </td> <td style="background:#E0FFFF;color:#000000;">2.2 </td> <td style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;">0.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;">0.4 </td> <td style="background:#E0FFFF;color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#E5FFFF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">10.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean No. of days with snow depth => 1 cm (0.39 in) </th> <td style="background:#C0FFFF;color:#000000;">4.9 </td> <td style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;">3.3 </td> <td style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;">1.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;">0.6 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFFF;color:#000000;">3.3 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFFF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">13.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean number of days with <a href="/wiki/Thunder" title="Thunder">thunder</a> </th> <td style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;">0.2 </td> <td style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;">0.4 </td> <td style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;">0.7 </td> <td style="background:#E0FFE0;color:#000000;">2.1 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;">4.5 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;">5.3 </td> <td style="background:#C0FFC0;color:#000000;">6.2 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;">5.5 </td> <td style="background:#E0FFE0;color:#000000;">1.6 </td> <td style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;">0.6 </td> <td style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;">0.3 </td> <td style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;">0.1 </td> <td style="background:#E0FFE0;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">27.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean number of days with <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">hail</a> </th> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;">0.1 </td> <td style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;">0.1 </td> <td style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;">0.2 </td> <td style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;">0.2 </td> <td style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;">0.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean number of days with <a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">fog</a> </th> <td style="background:#E0E0E0;color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#E0E0E0;color:#000000;">2.5 </td> <td style="background:#E5E5E5;color:#000000;">1.1 </td> <td style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;">0.4 </td> <td style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;">0.5 </td> <td style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;">0.5 </td> <td style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;">0.3 </td> <td style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;">0.5 </td> <td style="background:#E5E5E5;color:#000000;">1.1 </td> <td style="background:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;">4.4 </td> <td style="background:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;">4.2 </td> <td style="background:#E0E0E0;color:#000000;">3.9 </td> <td style="background:#E0E0E0;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">32.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Number of days with no sunshine </th> <td style="background:#606060;color:#FFFFFF;">19.9 </td> <td style="background:#808080;color:#FFFFFF;">15.4 </td> <td style="background:#808080;color:#FFFFFF;">14.1 </td> <td style="background:#B2B2B2;color:#000000;">9.9 </td> <td style="background:#A0A0A0;color:#000000;">11 </td> <td style="background:#B2B2B2;color:#000000;">8.8 </td> <td style="background:#B2B2B2;color:#000000;">9.3 </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0;color:#000000;">7.7 </td> <td style="background:#A0A0A0;color:#000000;">11.1 </td> <td style="background:#808080;color:#FFFFFF;">15 </td> <td style="background:#606060;color:#FFFFFF;">19.2 </td> <td style="background:#4C4C4C;color:#FFFFFF;">21.7 </td> <td style="background:#808080;color:#FFFFFF;border-left-width:medium">163.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean daily daylight hours </th> <td style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;">9.0 </td> <td style="background:#F0F011;color:#000000;">10.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;">12.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF55;color:#000000;">14.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF66;color:#000000;">15.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF77;color:#000000;">16.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF77;color:#000000;">16.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF55;color:#000000;">14.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF44;color:#000000;">13.0 </td> <td style="background:#F7F722;color:#000000;">11.0 </td> <td style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;">9.0 </td> <td style="background:#E2E200;color:#000000;">8.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF37;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">12.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">Ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background:#289500;color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#289500;color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;">4 </td> <td style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;">6 </td> <td style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;">7 </td> <td style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;">7 </td> <td style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;">6 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;">5 </td> <td style="background:#289500;color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#289500;color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#289500;color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-Weather_Atlas_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1387</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1520</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1750</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+220.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">91,040</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+184.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1895</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">229,279</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+151.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1905</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">334,978</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+46.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1925</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">467,520</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+39.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1933</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">555,857</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">553,464</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1945</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">357,737</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−35.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">532,037</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+48.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">685,682</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">669,635</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">629,375</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−6.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1985</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">595,348</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−5.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">644,865</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1995</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">650,055</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">641,076</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">667,925</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">743,268</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right;"> <caption>Largest groups of foreign residents<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Nationality </th> <th scope="col">Population (30 June 2022) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </th> <td>25,294 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </th> <td>16,751 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </th> <td>15,120 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </th> <td>12,174 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </th> <td>10,451 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </th> <td>9,748 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </th> <td>9,404 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </th> <td>8,509 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </th> <td>7,612 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </th> <td>7,364 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </th> <td>7,133 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </th> <td>6,581 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </th> <td>6,342 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </th> <td>5,114 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </th> <td>4,719 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </th> <td>4,632 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </th> <td>4,087 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </th> <td>3,991 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </th> <td>3,653 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </th> <td>3,374 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With a population of 763,380 (2019) within its administrative boundaries<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of 2,300,000 in the actual <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urban areas of the European Union">urban area</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-European_Union_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Union-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frankfurt is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">fifth-largest city in Germany</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Hamburg, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>. Central Frankfurt has been a <i><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Großstadt">Großstadt</a></i> (a city with at least 100,000 residents by definition) since 1875. With 414,576 residents in 1910, it was the ninth largest city in Germany and the number of inhabitants grew to 553,464 before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. After the war, at the end of the year 1945, the number had dropped to 358,000. In the following years, the population grew again and reached an all-time-high of 691,257 in 1963. It dropped again to 592,411 in 1986 but has increased since then. According to the demographic forecasts for central Frankfurt, the city will have a population up to 813,000 within its administrative boundaries in 2035<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more than 2.5 million inhabitants in its urban area. </p><p>As of 2015, Frankfurt had 1909 <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high-net-worth_individual" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra high-net-worth individual">ultra high-net-worth individuals</a>, the sixth-highest number of any city in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the world's <a href="/wiki/Cities_by_total_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities by total wealth">14th-richest city by total wealth</a>, as of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1970s, the state government of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> wanted to expand the city's administrative boundaries to include the entire urban area. This would have made Frankfurt officially the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin with up to 3 million inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, because local authorities did not agree, the administrative territory is still much smaller than its actual urban area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moroccan_community">Moroccan community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Moroccan community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt has the largest Moroccan community in Germany, numbering about 8,000 people, and the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Rhine-Main" title="Frankfurt Rhine-Main">Rhine-Main area</a> has about 20,000. Many <a href="/wiki/Moroccans" title="Moroccans">Moroccans</a> came as guest workers in the 1970s. Today Frankfurt has many Moroccan restaurants, companies, shops, mosques and hamams. Due to the popularity of Moroccan culture in Frankfurt, it also led many people from the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> and other African countries to move to Frankfurt. Famous singer <a href="/wiki/Namika" title="Namika">Namika</a> was born in Frankfurt to Moroccan parents. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: right;"> <caption>Population of the 46 city districts on 31 December 2009 </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>No.<br /></th> <th>City district (<i>Stadtteil</i>)<br /></th> <th>Area in km<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></th> <th>Population<sup id="cite_ref-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_Frankfurt_am_Main_2010_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_Frankfurt_am_Main_2010-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></th> <th>Foreign nationals<sup id="cite_ref-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_Frankfurt_am_Main_2010_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_Frankfurt_am_Main_2010-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></th> <th>Foreign nationals in %<sup id="cite_ref-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_Frankfurt_am_Main_2010_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_Frankfurt_am_Main_2010-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></th> <th>Area district (<i>Ortsbezirk</i>) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a></td> <td>0.51</td> <td>3.475</td> <td>1.122</td> <td>32.3</td> <td style="text-align:left;">01 – Innenstadt I </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Innenstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Innenstadt</a></td> <td>1.52</td> <td>6.577</td> <td>2.529</td> <td>38.5</td> <td style="text-align:left;">01 – Innenstadt I </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bahnhofsviertel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)">Bahnhofsviertel</a></td> <td>0.53</td> <td>2.125</td> <td>810</td> <td>38.1</td> <td style="text-align:left;">01 – Innenstadt I </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend-Süd</a></td> <td>2.47</td> <td>17.288</td> <td>3.445</td> <td>19.9</td> <td style="text-align:left;">02 – Innenstadt II </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend-Nord</a></td> <td>1.67</td> <td>8.854</td> <td>2.184</td> <td>24.7</td> <td style="text-align:left;">02 – Innenstadt II </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nordend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)">Nordend-West</a></td> <td>3.07</td> <td>28.808</td> <td>5.162</td> <td>17.9</td> <td style="text-align:left;">03 – Innenstadt III </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nordend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)">Nordend-Ost</a></td> <td>1.69</td> <td>26.619</td> <td>5.580</td> <td>21.0</td> <td style="text-align:left;">03 – Innenstadt III </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ostend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)">Ostend</a></td> <td>5.40</td> <td>26.955</td> <td>7.213</td> <td>26.8</td> <td style="text-align:left;">04 – Bornheim/Ostend </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bornheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bornheim</a></td> <td>2.66</td> <td>27.184</td> <td>6.240</td> <td>23.0</td> <td style="text-align:left;">04 – Bornheim/Ostend </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gutleutviertel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutleutviertel (Frankfurt am Main)">Gutleutviertel</a></td> <td>2.20</td> <td>5.843</td> <td>1.953</td> <td>33.4</td> <td style="text-align:left;">01 – Innenstadt I </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gallus_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)">Gallus</a></td> <td>4.22</td> <td>26.716</td> <td>11.012</td> <td>41.2</td> <td style="text-align:left;">01 – Innenstadt I </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bockenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bockenheim</a></td> <td>8.04</td> <td>34.740</td> <td>9.034</td> <td>26.0</td> <td style="text-align:left;">02 – Innenstadt II </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen-Nord</a></td> <td>4.24</td> <td>30.374</td> <td>6.507</td> <td>21.4</td> <td style="text-align:left;">05 – Süd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen-Süd</a></td> <td>34.91</td> <td>26.114</td> <td>4.847</td> <td>18.6</td> <td style="text-align:left;">05 – Süd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Flughafen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flughafen (Frankfurt am Main)">Flughafen</a></td> <td>20.00</td> <td>211</td> <td>14</td> <td>6.6</td> <td style="text-align:left;">05 – Süd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oberrad_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberrad (Frankfurt am Main)">Oberrad</a></td> <td>2.74</td> <td>12.828</td> <td>3.113</td> <td>24.3</td> <td style="text-align:left;">05 – Süd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Niederrad_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niederrad (Frankfurt am Main)">Niederrad</a></td> <td>2.93</td> <td>22.954</td> <td>6.569</td> <td>28.6</td> <td style="text-align:left;">05 – Süd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Schwanheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Schwanheim</a></td> <td>17.73</td> <td>20.162</td> <td>3.532</td> <td>17.5</td> <td style="text-align:left;">06 – West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Griesheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Griesheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Griesheim</a></td> <td>4.90</td> <td>22.648</td> <td>8.029</td> <td>35.5</td> <td style="text-align:left;">06 – West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6delheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rödelheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Rödelheim</a></td> <td>5.15</td> <td>17.841</td> <td>4.863</td> <td>27.3</td> <td style="text-align:left;">07 – Mitte-West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">21</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Hausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Hausen</a></td> <td>1.26</td> <td>7.178</td> <td>2.135</td> <td>29.7</td> <td style="text-align:left;">07 – Mitte-West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">22/23</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Praunheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Praunheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Praunheim</a></td> <td>4.55</td> <td>15.761</td> <td>3.197</td> <td>20.3</td> <td style="text-align:left;">07 – Mitte-West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">24</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Heddernheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heddernheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Heddernheim</a></td> <td>2.49</td> <td>16.443</td> <td>3.194</td> <td>19.4</td> <td style="text-align:left;">08 – Nord-West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">25</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Niederursel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niederursel (Frankfurt am Main)">Niederursel</a></td> <td>7.22</td> <td>16.394</td> <td>3.671</td> <td>22.4</td> <td style="text-align:left;">08 – Nord-West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">26</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ginnheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginnheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Ginnheim</a></td> <td>2.73</td> <td>16.444</td> <td>4.024</td> <td>24.5</td> <td style="text-align:left;">09 – Mitte-Nord </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">27</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dornbusch_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Dornbusch (Frankfurt am Main)">Dornbusch</a></td> <td>2.38</td> <td>18.511</td> <td>3.482</td> <td>18.8</td> <td style="text-align:left;">09 – Mitte-Nord </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">28</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eschersheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eschersheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Eschersheim</a></td> <td>3.34</td> <td>14.808</td> <td>2.657</td> <td>17.9</td> <td style="text-align:left;">09 – Mitte-Nord </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">29</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eckenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eckenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Eckenheim</a></td> <td>2.23</td> <td>14.277</td> <td>3.674</td> <td>25.7</td> <td style="text-align:left;">10 – Nord-Ost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">30</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Preungesheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Preungesheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Preungesheim</a></td> <td>3.74</td> <td>13.568</td> <td>3.442</td> <td>25.4</td> <td style="text-align:left;">10 – Nord-Ost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">31</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bonames_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonames (Frankfurt am Main)">Bonames</a></td> <td>1.24</td> <td>6.362</td> <td>1.288</td> <td>20.2</td> <td style="text-align:left;">10 – Nord-Ost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">32</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Berkersheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkersheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Berkersheim</a></td> <td>3.18</td> <td>3.400</td> <td>592</td> <td>17.4</td> <td style="text-align:left;">10 – Nord-Ost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">33</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Riederwald_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Riederwald (Frankfurt am Main)">Riederwald</a></td> <td>1.04</td> <td>4.911</td> <td>1.142</td> <td>23.3</td> <td style="text-align:left;">11 – Ost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">34</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seckbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Seckbach</a></td> <td>8.04</td> <td>10.194</td> <td>1.969</td> <td>19.3</td> <td style="text-align:left;">11 – Ost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">35</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fechenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fechenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Fechenheim</a></td> <td>7.18</td> <td>16.061</td> <td>5.635</td> <td>35.1</td> <td style="text-align:left;">11 – Ost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">36</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6chst_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)">Höchst</a></td> <td>4.73</td> <td>13.888</td> <td>5.279</td> <td>38.0</td> <td style="text-align:left;">06 – West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">37</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nied_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nied (Frankfurt am Main)">Nied</a></td> <td>3.82</td> <td>17.829</td> <td>5.224</td> <td>29.3</td> <td style="text-align:left;">06 – West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">38</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sindlingen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindlingen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sindlingen</a></td> <td>3.98</td> <td>9.032</td> <td>2.076</td> <td>23.0</td> <td style="text-align:left;">06 – West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">39</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zeilsheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeilsheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Zeilsheim</a></td> <td>5.47</td> <td>11.984</td> <td>2.555</td> <td>21.3</td> <td style="text-align:left;">06 – West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">40</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Unterliederbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unterliederbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Unterliederbach</a></td> <td>5.85</td> <td>14.350</td> <td>3.511</td> <td>24.5</td> <td style="text-align:left;">06 – West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">41</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sossenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sossenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Sossenheim</a></td> <td>5.97</td> <td>15.853</td> <td>4.235</td> <td>26.7</td> <td style="text-align:left;">06 – West </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">42</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nieder-Erlenbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nieder-Erlenbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Nieder-Erlenbach</a></td> <td>8.34</td> <td>4.629</td> <td>496</td> <td>10.7</td> <td style="text-align:left;">13 – Nieder-Erlenbach </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">43</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalbach-Riedberg_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalbach-Riedberg (Frankfurt am Main)">Kalbach-Riedberg</a></td> <td>6.90</td> <td>8.482</td> <td>1.279</td> <td>15.1</td> <td style="text-align:left;">12 – Kalbach-Riedberg </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">44</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Harheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Harheim</a></td> <td>5.02</td> <td>4.294</td> <td>446</td> <td>10.4</td> <td style="text-align:left;">14 – Harheim </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">45</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nieder-Eschbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nieder-Eschbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Nieder-Eschbach</a></td> <td>6.35</td> <td>11.499</td> <td>1.978</td> <td>17.2</td> <td style="text-align:left;">15 – Nieder-Eschbach </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">46</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bergen-Enkheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen-Enkheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bergen-Enkheim</a></td> <td>12.54</td> <td>17.954</td> <td>2.764</td> <td>15.4</td> <td style="text-align:left;">16 – Bergen-Enkheim </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">47</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Berg_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurter Berg (Frankfurt am Main)">Frankfurter Berg</a></td> <td>2.16</td> <td>7.149</td> <td>1.715</td> <td>24.0</td> <td style="text-align:left;">10 – Nord-Ost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>Frankfurt am Main</b></td> <td><b>248.33</b></td> <td><b>679.571</b></td> <td><b>165.418</b></td> <td><b>24.3</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration_and_foreign_nationals">Immigration and foreign nationals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Immigration and foreign nationals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to data from the city <a href="/wiki/Resident_registration#Germany" title="Resident registration">register of residents</a>, 51.2% of the population had a <i>migration background</i> as of 2015, which means that a person or at least one of their parents was born with foreign citizenship. For the first time, a majority of the city residents had an at least part non-German background.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, three of four children in the city under the age of six had full or partial immigrant backgrounds,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 27.7% of residents had a foreign citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to statistics, 46.7% of immigrants in Frankfurt come from other countries in the EU; 24.5% come from European countries that are not part of the EU; 15.7% come from Asia (including Western Asia and South Asia); 7.3% come from Africa; 3.4% come from North America (including the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and Central America); 0.2% come from <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a> and New Zealand; 2.3% come from South America; and 1.1% come from Pacific island nations. Because of this the city is often considered to be a multicultural city, and has been compared to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt was historically a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>-dominated city. However, during the 19th century, an increasing number of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Germany">Catholics</a> moved to Frankfurt. As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the largest Christian denominations were Catholicism (22.7% of the population) and Protestantism, especially Lutheranism (19.4%).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_community_of_Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish community of Frankfurt am Main">Jewish community of Frankfurt am Main</a></div> <p>The Jewish community has a history dating back to medieval times and has always ranked among the largest in Germany. Over 7,200 inhabitants are affiliated with the Jewish community, making it the second largest in Germany after <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frankfurt-tourismus.de_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frankfurt-tourismus.de-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frankfurt has four active synagogues.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Community_Frankfurt_am_Main_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Community_Frankfurt_am_Main-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the growing immigration of people from Muslim countries beginning in the 1960s, Frankfurt has a large Muslim community, estimated at 12% in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to calculations based on census data for 21 countries of origin, the number of Muslim migrants in Frankfurt amounted to about 84,000 in 2011, making up 12.6% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most prevalent countries of origin were <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. The Ahmadiyya Noor Mosque, constructed in 1959, is the city's largest mosque and the third largest in Germany. In 2020, the number of Muslims in Frankfurt's total population was estimated at 18%.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor">Mayor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mayor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Frankfurt" title="Mayor of Frankfurt">Mayor of Frankfurt</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2023_Frankfurt_am_Main_mayoral_election_(2nd_round).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/2023_Frankfurt_am_Main_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/250px-2023_Frankfurt_am_Main_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/2023_Frankfurt_am_Main_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/375px-2023_Frankfurt_am_Main_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/2023_Frankfurt_am_Main_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/500px-2023_Frankfurt_am_Main_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption>Results of the second round of the 2023 mayoral election</figcaption></figure> <p>The current mayor is Mike Josef of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a>, who took the office on 11 May 2023. </p><p>The most recent mayoral election was held on 5 March 2023, with a runoff held on 26 March, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th colspan="2">First round </th> <th colspan="2">Second round </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left">Uwe Becker </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> </td> <td><b>70,411</b> </td> <td><b>34.5</b> </td> <td>86,307 </td> <td>48.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left">Mike Josef </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>49,033 </td> <td>24.0 </td> <td><b>92,371</b> </td> <td><b>51.7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Manuela_Rottmann" title="Manuela Rottmann">Manuela Rottmann</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> </td> <td>43,502 </td> <td>21.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Peter Wirth </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>10,397 </td> <td>5.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left">Daniela Mehler-Würzbach </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> </td> <td>7,356 </td> <td>3.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Maja Wolff </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>6,014 </td> <td>2.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left">Yanki Pürsün </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>5,768 </td> <td>2.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left">Andreas Lobenstein </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> </td> <td>4,628 </td> <td>2.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF8E57"> </td> <td align="left">Mathias Pfeiffer </td> <td align="left">Citizens for Frankfurt </td> <td>1,565 </td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left">Katharina Tanczos </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> </td> <td>1,176 </td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DA4048"> </td> <td align="left">Khurrem Akhtar </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Team_Todenh%C3%B6fer" title="Team Todenhöfer">Team Todenhöfer</a> </td> <td>858 </td> <td>0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#4AA79D"> </td> <td align="left">Frank Großenbach </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany">dieBasis</a> </td> <td>744 </td> <td>0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Tilo Schwichtenberg </td> <td align="left">Garden Party Frankfurt am Main </td> <td>661 </td> <td>0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Sven Junghans </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>574 </td> <td>0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Yamòs Camara </td> <td align="left">Free Party Frankfurt </td> <td>487 </td> <td>0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Niklas Pauli </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>340 </td> <td>0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Peter Pawelski </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>325 </td> <td>0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Feng Xu </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>199 </td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Karl-Maria Schulte </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>158 </td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Markus Eulig </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>102 </td> <td>0.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Valid votes </th> <th>204,298 </th> <th>99.6 </th> <th>178,678 </th> <th>99.0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Invalid votes </th> <th>921 </th> <th>0.4 </th> <th>1,754 </th> <th>1.0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th>205,219 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th>180,432 </th> <th>100.0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>508,510 </th> <th>40.4 </th> <th>510,336 </th> <th>35.4 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frankfurt.de/service-und-rathaus/zahlen-daten-fakten/publikationen/wahlanalysen/obwahlen">City of Frankfurt am Main</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427214215/https://frankfurt.de/service-und-rathaus/zahlen-daten-fakten/publikationen/wahlanalysen/obwahlen">Archived</a> 27 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_council">City council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: City council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Frankfurt_am_Main_City_Council_election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2021_Frankfurt_am_Main_City_Council_election.svg/250px-2021_Frankfurt_am_Main_City_Council_election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2021_Frankfurt_am_Main_City_Council_election.svg/375px-2021_Frankfurt_am_Main_City_Council_election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2021_Frankfurt_am_Main_City_Council_election.svg/500px-2021_Frankfurt_am_Main_City_Council_election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption>Results of the 2021 city council election</figcaption></figure> <p>The Frankfurt am Main city council (<i>Stadtverordnetenversammlung</i>) governs the city alongside the mayor. It is located in the city's medieval town hall, Römer, which is also used for representative and official purposes. The most recent city council election was held on 14 March 2021, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Lead candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (Grüne) </td> <td align="left">Martina Feldmayer </td> <td>4,894,339 </td> <td>24.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.3 </td> <td>23 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU) </td> <td align="left">Nils Kößler </td> <td>4,361,942 </td> <td>21.9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.2 </td> <td>20 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) </td> <td align="left">Mike Josef </td> <td>3,385,017 </td> <td>17.0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.8 </td> <td>16 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Linke</i></span>) </td> <td align="left">Dominike Pauli </td> <td>1,572,333 </td> <td>7.9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1 </td> <td>7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP) </td> <td align="left">Annette Rinn </td> <td>1,515,646 </td> <td>7.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) </td> <td align="left">Patrick Schenk </td> <td>902,412 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#502379"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Europa#Germany" title="Volt Europa">Volt Germany</a> (Volt) </td> <td align="left">Eileen O'Sullivan </td> <td>745,418 </td> <td>3.7 </td> <td>New </td> <td>4 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF8E57"> </td> <td align="left">Citizens for Frankfurt (BFF) </td> <td align="left">Mathias Mund </td> <td>395,905 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.7 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#93A7BB"> </td> <td align="left">Ecological Left – Anti-Racist List (ÖkoLinX-ARL) </td> <td align="left">Jutta Ditfurth </td> <td>359,304 </td> <td>1.8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> (PARTEI) </td> <td align="left">Nico Wehnemann </td> <td>361,932 </td> <td>1.8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#484EAB"> </td> <td align="left">Europe List for Frankfurt (ELF) </td> <td align="left">Luigi Brillante </td> <td>265,914 </td> <td>1.3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F7A800"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">Free Voters</a> (FW) </td> <td align="left">Eric Pärisch </td> <td>162,122 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#0000FC"> </td> <td align="left">I am a Frankfurter (IBF) </td> <td align="left">Jumas Medoff </td> <td>166,573 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#87CEEB"> </td> <td align="left">Alliance for Innovation and Justice (BIG) </td> <td align="left">Haluk Yıldız </td> <td>128,846 </td> <td>0.6 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Garden Party Frankfurt am Main (Gartenpartei) </td> <td align="left">Tilo Schwichtenberg </td> <td>126,991 </td> <td>0.6 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF820A"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_Germany" title="Pirate Party Germany">Pirate Party Germany</a> (Piraten) </td> <td align="left">Herbert Förster </td> <td>123,772 </td> <td>0.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Polish Dialogue Initiative for Frankfurt </td> <td align="left">Barbara Lange </td> <td>88,771 </td> <td>0.4 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">The Frankfurters (dFfm) </td> <td align="left">Bernhard Ochs </td> <td>73,026 </td> <td>0.4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">International Vote Frankfurt (ISF) </td> <td align="left">Kerry Reddington </td> <td>61,772 </td> <td>0.3 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Climate List Frankfurt (Klimaliste) </td> <td align="left">Beate Balzert </td> <td>61,526 </td> <td>0.3 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Free Party Frankfurt (FPF) </td> <td align="left">Benjamin Klinger </td> <td>40,621 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">United Democrats (VD) </td> <td align="left">André Leitzbach </td> <td>30,691 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">The Social Liberals (SL) </td> <td align="left">Christian Bethke </td> <td>18,563 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Frankfurt Free Voter Group (FFWG) </td> <td align="left">Thomas Schmitt </td> <td>16,587 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Romanians for Frankfurt (RF) </td> <td align="left">Ionut-Vlad Plenz </td> <td>15,884 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#110077"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Humanists" title="Party of Humanists">Party of Humanists</a> (Die Humanisten) </td> <td align="left">Rüdiger Gottschalk </td> <td>11,680 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Bulgarian Association of Frankfurt (BGF) </td> <td align="left">Daniela Spasova-Mischke </td> <td>11,488 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Sven Junghans, We Frankfurters (WF) </td> <td align="left">Sven Junghans </td> <td>9,627 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Valid votes </th> <th>221,487 </th> <th>96.0 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Invalid votes </th> <th>9,196 </th> <th>4.0 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th>230,683 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th>93 </th> <th>±0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>512,034 </th> <th>45.1 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.1 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wahlen.statistik.hessen.de/k_2021/html/Gemeindewahl/VG412000">Statistics Hesse</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landtag_election">Landtag election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Landtag election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For elections to the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Hesse" title="Landtag of Hesse">Hesse State Parliament</a>, Frankfurt am Main is split up into six constituencies. In total 15 delegates represent the city in the <a href="/wiki/Landtag" title="Landtag">Landtag</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>. The last election took place in October 2018. Six members of parliament were directly elected in their respective constituencies: Uwe Serke (CDU, Frankfurt am Main I), <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Dahlke" title="Miriam Dahlke">Miriam Dahlke</a> (Greens, Frankfurt am Main II), Ralf-Norbert Bartel (CDU, Frankfurt am Main III), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Boddenberg" title="Michael Boddenberg">Michael Boddenberg</a> (CDU, Frankfurt am Main IV), Markus Bocklet (Greens, Frankfurt am Main V) and Boris Rhein (CDU, Frankfurt am Main VI). </p><p>Delegates from Frankfurt often serve high-ranking positions in Hessian politics, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Boddenberg" title="Michael Boddenberg">Michael Boddenberg</a> is Hessian Minister of Finance and Boris Rhein was elected President of the Landtag of Hesse in 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_federal_election">German federal election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: German federal election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For federal elections which are held every four years, Frankfurt is split up into two constituencies. In the <a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">German federal election 2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Zimmer" title="Matthias Zimmer">Matthias Zimmer</a> (CDU) and <a href="/wiki/Bettina_Wiesmann" title="Bettina Wiesmann">Bettina Wiesmann</a> were elected to the Bundestag by directe mandate in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main_I_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main I (electoral district)">Frankfurt am Main I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main_II_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main II (electoral district)">Frankfurt am Main II</a> respectively. <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Beer" title="Nicola Beer">Nicola Beer</a> (FDP), <a href="/wiki/Achim_Kessler" title="Achim Kessler">Achim Kessler</a> (Linke), <a href="/wiki/Ulli_Nissen" title="Ulli Nissen">Ulli Nissen</a> (SPD) and <a href="/wiki/Omid_Nouripour" title="Omid Nouripour">Omid Nouripour</a> (Greens) were elected as well. </p><p>Nicola Beer resigned as a member of parliament in 2019 following her <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">election to the European Parliament</a> where she now serves as vice president. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_and_business">Economy and business</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Economy and business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutsche-boerse-parkett-ffm001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Deutsche-boerse-parkett-ffm001.jpg/220px-Deutsche-boerse-parkett-ffm001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Deutsche-boerse-parkett-ffm001.jpg/330px-Deutsche-boerse-parkett-ffm001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Deutsche-boerse-parkett-ffm001.jpg/440px-Deutsche-boerse-parkett-ffm001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="2121" /></a><figcaption><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></span></span> trading floor in Frankfurt</figcaption></figure> <p>Frankfurt is one of the world's most important financial hubs and Germany's financial capital, followed by <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>. Frankfurt was ranked eighth at the <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre#Xinhua–Dow_Jones_Index_(2010–2014)" title="Financial centre">International Financial Centers Development Index</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title="The anchor (Xinhua–Dow Jones Index (2010–2014)) has been deleted. (2024-11-18)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup> (2013), eighth at the <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Centres_of_Commerce_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index">Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index</a> (2008), ninth at the <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a> (September 2013),<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tenth at the <a href="/wiki/Global_city#Global_Power_City_Index" title="Global city">Global Power City Index</a> (2011), 11th at the <a href="/wiki/Global_city#Global_City_Competitiveness_Index" title="Global city">Global City Competitiveness Index</a> (2012), 12th at the Innovation Cities Index (2011),<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 14th at the <a href="/wiki/Global_city#World_City_Survey" title="Global city">World City Survey</a> (2011) and 23rd at the <a href="/wiki/Global_city#Global_Cities_Index_(Kearney)" title="Global city">Global Cities Index</a> (2012).<sup id="cite_ref-Foreign_Policy_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Policy-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's importance as a financial hub has risen since the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurozone crisis">eurozone crisis</a>. Indications are the establishment of two institutions of the <a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Financial_Supervisors" class="mw-redirect" title="European System of Financial Supervisors">European System of Financial Supervisors</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Insurance_and_Occupational_Pensions_Authority" title="European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority">European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Systemic_Risk_Board" title="European Systemic Risk Board">European Systemic Risk Board</a>) in 2011, and the entry into force in 2014 of <a href="/wiki/European_Banking_Supervision" title="European Banking Supervision">European Banking Supervision</a>, by which the European Central Bank has become the central supervisory authority for the euro area banking sector. </p><p>According to an annual study by <a href="/wiki/Cushman_%26_Wakefield" title="Cushman & Wakefield">Cushman & Wakefield</a>, the European Cities Monitor (2010), Frankfurt has been one of the top three cities for international companies in Europe, after London and Paris, since the survey started in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the only German city considered to be an <a href="/wiki/Global_city#GaWC_study" title="Global city">alpha world city (category 3)</a> as listed by the <a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough University</a> group's 2010 inventory,<sup id="cite_ref-Beaverstock_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beaverstock-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was a promotion from the group's 2008 inventory when it was ranked as an alpha minus world city (category 4).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With over 922 jobs per 1,000 inhabitants, Frankfurt has the highest concentration of jobs in Germany. On work days and Saturdays, one million people commute from all over the <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhein-Main Region">Rhein-Main-Area</a>. The GRP per capita was €96,670 in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is expected to benefit from international banks relocating jobs from London to Frankfurt as a result of Brexit to retain access to the EU market.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg.com_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg.com-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus far, Morgan Stanley, Citigroup Inc., Standard Chartered Plc and Nomura Holdings Inc. announced they would move their EU headquarters to Frankfurt.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg.com_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg.com-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_banks">Central banks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Central banks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Central_Bank_-_building_under_construction_-_Frankfurt_-_Germany_-_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/European_Central_Bank_-_building_under_construction_-_Frankfurt_-_Germany_-_14.jpg/220px-European_Central_Bank_-_building_under_construction_-_Frankfurt_-_Germany_-_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/European_Central_Bank_-_building_under_construction_-_Frankfurt_-_Germany_-_14.jpg/330px-European_Central_Bank_-_building_under_construction_-_Frankfurt_-_Germany_-_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/European_Central_Bank_-_building_under_construction_-_Frankfurt_-_Germany_-_14.jpg/440px-European_Central_Bank_-_building_under_construction_-_Frankfurt_-_Germany_-_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4004" /></a><figcaption>The new headquarters of the European Central Bank in the Ostend district</figcaption></figure> <p>Frankfurt is home to two important <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central banks</a>: the German Bundesbank and the European Central Bank (ECB).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_Central_Bank">European Central Bank</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: European Central Bank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euro-Symbol_von_Ottmar_H%C3%B6rl,_vor_dem_Geb%C3%A4ude_der_EZB_in_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Euro-Symbol_von_Ottmar_H%C3%B6rl%2C_vor_dem_Geb%C3%A4ude_der_EZB_in_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg/159px-Euro-Symbol_von_Ottmar_H%C3%B6rl%2C_vor_dem_Geb%C3%A4ude_der_EZB_in_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Euro-Symbol_von_Ottmar_H%C3%B6rl%2C_vor_dem_Geb%C3%A4ude_der_EZB_in_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg/239px-Euro-Symbol_von_Ottmar_H%C3%B6rl%2C_vor_dem_Geb%C3%A4ude_der_EZB_in_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Euro-Symbol_von_Ottmar_H%C3%B6rl%2C_vor_dem_Geb%C3%A4ude_der_EZB_in_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg/318px-Euro-Symbol_von_Ottmar_H%C3%B6rl%2C_vor_dem_Geb%C3%A4ude_der_EZB_in_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1086" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Euro-Skulptur" title="Euro-Skulptur">Euro-Skulptur</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The European Central Bank (<i>Europäische Zentralbank</i>) is one of the world's most important central banks with a balance sheet total of around 7 trillion.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ECB sets monetary policy for the Eurozone, consisting of 19 <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">EU member states</a> that have adopted the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (€) as their common currency. From 1998 the ECB Headquarters have been located in Frankfurt, first in the <a href="/wiki/Eurotower_(Frankfurt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurotower (Frankfurt)">Eurotower</a> at Willy-Brandt-Platz and in two other nearby high-rises. The new <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="Seat of the European Central Bank">Seat of the European Central Bank</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ostend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)">Ostend</a> district, consisting of the former wholesale market hall (<i><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fmarkthalle" title="Großmarkthalle">Großmarkthalle</a></i>) and a newly built 185-meter skyscraper, was completed in late 2014. The new building complex was designed to accommodate up to 2,300 ECB personnel. The location is a few kilometers away from downtown and borders an industrial area as well as the Osthafen (<i>East Harbor</i>), It was primarily chosen because of its large premises which allows the ECB to install security arrangements without high fences. </p><p>The city honors the importance of the ECB by officially using the slogan "The City of the Euro" since 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deutsche_Bundesbank">Deutsche Bundesbank</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Deutsche Bundesbank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbank" title="Deutsche Bundesbank">Deutsche Bundesbank</a></span></span> (German Federal Bank), located in <a href="/wiki/Bockenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Ginnheim</a>, was established in 1957 as the central bank for the Federal Republic of Germany. Until the euro (€) was introduced in 1999, the Deutsche Bundesbank was responsible for the monetary policy of Germany and for the German currency, the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">Deutsche Mark</a> (DM). The Bundesbank was greatly respected for its control of inflation through the second half of the 20th century. Today the Bundesbank is an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks" title="European System of Central Banks">European System of Central Banks</a> (ESCB) which is formed by all 27 EU member states. Its bilance sheet total is around 2,7 trillion,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the 4th biggest central bank. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_banks">Commercial banks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Commercial banks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutsche_Bank_Taunusanlage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Deutsche_Bank_Taunusanlage.jpg/220px-Deutsche_Bank_Taunusanlage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Deutsche_Bank_Taunusanlage.jpg/330px-Deutsche_Bank_Taunusanlage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Deutsche_Bank_Taunusanlage.jpg/440px-Deutsche_Bank_Taunusanlage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3084" data-file-height="4517" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Twin_Towers" title="Deutsche Bank Twin Towers">Deutsche Bank Twin Towers</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westendtower-5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Westendtower-5.JPG/220px-Westendtower-5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Westendtower-5.JPG/330px-Westendtower-5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Westendtower-5.JPG/440px-Westendtower-5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Westend_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Westend Tower">Westend Tower</a>, also known as <i>Westendstraße 1</i> or <i>Crown Tower</i>, headquarters of DZ Bank</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OpernturmVoll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/OpernturmVoll.jpg/220px-OpernturmVoll.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/OpernturmVoll.jpg/330px-OpernturmVoll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/OpernturmVoll.jpg/440px-OpernturmVoll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3594" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Opernturm" title="Opernturm">Opernturm</a>, headquarters of UBS Germany, at the Opernplatz</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2010, 63 national and 152 international banks had a registered office, including the headquarters of the major German banks, as well as 41 offices of international banks.<sup id="cite_ref-Internetredaktion-2012_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Internetredaktion-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frankfurt is therefore known as Bankenstadt ("City of the banks") and nicknamed "Mainhattan" (a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of the local <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a> river and <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> in New York City) or "Bankfurt". 73,200 people were employed at banks in 2010. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a></b> — Germany's largest <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">commercial bank</a>. It had 15% share of private customers and total assets of €1,900 billion in 2010. Deutsche Bank ranks among the 30 largest banks in the world and the ten largest banks in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deutsche Bank is listed on the <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Stock_market_index" title="Stock market index">stock market index</a> of the 30 largest German business companies at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. In November 2010 Deutsche Bank bought the majority of shares of competitor <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Postbank" title="Deutsche Postbank">Postbank</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Twin_Towers" title="Deutsche Bank Twin Towers">headquarters</a> are located at Taunusanlage in the financial district.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/DZ_Bank" title="DZ Bank">DZ Bank</a></b> — Central institution for more than 900 <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_banking" title="Cooperative banking">co-operative banks</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Bundesverband_der_Deutschen_Volksbanken_und_Raiffeisenbanken" title="Bundesverband der Deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken">Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken</a></i>) and their 12,000 branch offices in Germany and is a corporate and investment bank. It is Germany's second-largest bank (total assets: €509 billion). The DZ Bank Group defines itself primarily as a service provider for the local Volksbanken and Raiffeisenbanken and their 30 million clients. The DZ Bank headquarters are the <a href="/wiki/Westend_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Westend Tower">Westend Tower</a> and the <a href="/wiki/City-Haus" title="City-Haus">City-Haus</a> at Platz der Republik. The DZ Bank Group includes <a href="/wiki/Union_Investment" title="Union Investment">Union Investment</a>, DVB Bank and <a href="/wiki/Reisebank" title="Reisebank">Reisebank</a>, which are also headquartered in Frankfurt.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/KfW" title="KfW">KfW Bankengruppe</a></b> — Government-owned development bank formed in 1948 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a>. KfW provides loans for approved purposes at lower rates than commercial banks, especially to medium-sized businesses. With total assets of €507 billion (2017), it is Germany's third-largest bank. The KfW headquarters are located in the <a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend</a> district at Bockenheimer Landstraße and Senckenberganlage.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a></b> — Germany's fourth-largest bank by total assets (2017). In 2009, Commerzbank merged with competitor <a href="/wiki/Dresdner_Bank" title="Dresdner Bank">Dresdner Bank</a>, then the third-largest German bank. Due to the merger and the higher credit risks, Commerzbank was 25% <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">nationalized</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>. It is listed in the DAX. Its headquarters are at <a href="/wiki/Commerzbank_Tower" title="Commerzbank Tower">Commerzbank Tower</a> (259 meters), the second-tallest building in the EU, at Kaiserplatz.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helaba" title="Helaba">Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen</a></b> – Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen, or short <b>Helaba</b>, is a commercial bank owned by the states of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Landesbank" title="Landesbank">Landesbank</a></i>). As such, it is a service provider for the local <a href="/wiki/Sparkasse_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparkasse (Germany)">Sparkassen</a>. Helaba is one of nine <i>Landesbanken</i> and is the fifth-largest in Germany. It is located in the 200-meter-tall <a href="/wiki/Main_Tower" title="Main Tower">Main Tower</a> in the financial district, the only skyscraper in Frankfurt with an observation desk open to the public.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/DekaBank" title="DekaBank">DekaBank</a></b> – DekaBank is the central asset manager of the <i>Sparkassen</i> in Germany. The headquarters of DekaBank are located at the <a href="/wiki/Trianon_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Trianon (Frankfurt am Main)">Trianon</a> skyscraper at Mainzer Landstraße.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/ING_Group" title="ING Group">ING Diba</a> Germany</b> – Germany's largest <a href="/wiki/Direct_bank" title="Direct bank">direct bank</a>, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Bockenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bockenheim</a></li></ul> <p>Other major German banks include <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Volksbank" title="Frankfurter Volksbank">Frankfurter Volksbank</a>, the second-largest <i>Volksbank</i> in Germany, Frankfurter Sparkasse and old-established private banks such as <a href="/wiki/Metzler_Bank" title="Metzler Bank">Bankhaus Metzler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hauck_%26_Aufh%C3%A4user" title="Hauck & Aufhäuser">Hauck & Aufhäuser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bethmann_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethmann bank">Delbrück Bethmann Maffei</a>. </p><p>Many international banks have a registered or a representative office, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merrill_Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrill Lynch">Merrill Lynch</a>, <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="JPMorgan Chase & Co.">JPMorgan Chase & Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China" title="Bank of China">Bank of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banco_do_Brasil" title="Banco do Brasil">Banco do Brasil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ita%C3%BA_Unibanco" title="Itaú Unibanco">Itaú Unibanco</a> <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a>, <a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skandinaviska_Enskilda_Banken" class="mw-redirect" title="Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken">SEB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">Royal Bank of Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange">Frankfurt Stock Exchange</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Frankfurt Stock Exchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Frankfurt Stock Exchange</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulle_und_B%C3%A4r_Frankfurt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bulle_und_B%C3%A4r_Frankfurt.jpg/220px-Bulle_und_B%C3%A4r_Frankfurt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bulle_und_B%C3%A4r_Frankfurt.jpg/330px-Bulle_und_B%C3%A4r_Frankfurt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bulle_und_B%C3%A4r_Frankfurt.jpg/440px-Bulle_und_B%C3%A4r_Frankfurt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Market_trend" title="Market trend">Bull and bear</a> in front of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange</figcaption></figure> <p>The Frankfurt Stock Exchange (<i>Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse</i>) began in the ninth century. By the 16th century Frankfurt had developed into an important European hub for trade fairs and financial services. Today the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is by far the largest in Germany, with a turnover of more than 90 percent of the German <a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">stock market</a> and is the third-largest in Europe after the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a> and the European branch of the <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Euronext" title="NYSE Euronext">NYSE Euronext</a>. The most important <a href="/wiki/Stock_market_index" title="Stock market index">stock market index</a> is the <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a>, the index of the 30 largest German business companies listed at the stock exchange. The stock exchange is owned and operated by <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></span></span>, which is itself listed in the DAX. Deutsche Börse also owns the European <a href="/wiki/Futures_exchange" title="Futures exchange">futures exchange</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurex" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurex">Eurex</a> and clearing company <a href="/wiki/Clearstream" title="Clearstream">Clearstream</a>. Trading takes place exclusively via the <a href="/wiki/Xetra_(trading_system)" title="Xetra (trading system)">Xetra trading system</a>, with redundant floor brokers taking on the role of market-makers on the new platform. </p><p>On 1 February 2012 European Commission blocked the proposed merger of Deutsche Börse and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE Euronext</a>. "The merger between Deutsche Börse and NYSE Euronext would have led to a near-monopoly in European financial derivatives worldwide. These markets are at the heart of the financial system and it is crucial for the whole European economy that they remain competitive. We tried to find a solution, but the remedies offered fell far short of resolving the concerns."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European competition commissioner <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a> said. </p><p>It is located downtown at the Börsenplatz. Deutsche Börse's headquarters are formally registered in Frankfurt, but it moved most of its employees to a high-rise called "The Cube" in <a href="/wiki/Eschborn" title="Eschborn">Eschborn</a> in 2010, primarily due to significantly lower local <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax" title="Corporate tax">corporate taxes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frankfurt_Trade_Fair">Frankfurt Trade Fair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Frankfurt Trade Fair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Trade_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Trade Fair">Frankfurt Trade Fair</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Messefrankfurt-messeturm-und-messebesucher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Messefrankfurt-messeturm-und-messebesucher.jpg/220px-Messefrankfurt-messeturm-und-messebesucher.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Messefrankfurt-messeturm-und-messebesucher.jpg/330px-Messefrankfurt-messeturm-und-messebesucher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Messefrankfurt-messeturm-und-messebesucher.jpg/440px-Messefrankfurt-messeturm-und-messebesucher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Messeturm" title="Messeturm">Messeturm</a> seen from the trade fair premises</figcaption></figure> <p>Frankfurt Trade Fair (<i>Messe Frankfurt</i>) has the third-largest exhibition site in the world with a total of 578,000 m<sup>2</sup> (6,220,000 sq ft). The trade fair premises are located in the western part between <a href="/wiki/Bockenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bockenheim</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gallus_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)">Gallus</a> district. It houses ten exhibition halls with a total of 321,754 m<sup>2</sup> (3,463,330 sq ft) of space and 96,078 m<sup>2</sup> (1,034,170 sq ft) of outdoor space. </p><p>Hosted in Frankfurt are the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Motor_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Motor Show">Frankfurt Motor Show</a> (<i>Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung – IAA</i>), the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Auto_show" title="Auto show">auto show</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Book_Fair" title="Frankfurt Book Fair">Frankfurt Book Fair</a> (<i>Frankfurter Buchmesse</i>), the world's largest book fair, the Ambiente Frankfurt, the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Final_good" title="Final good">consumer goods</a> fair, the Achema, the world's largest plant engineering fair, and many more like Paperworld, Christmasworld, Beautyworld, Tendence Lifestyle or Light+Building. </p><p>Messe Frankfurt GmbH, the owner and operator company, organized 87 exhibitions in 2010, 51 thereof in foreign countries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is one of the largest trade fair companies with commercial activities in over 150 countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation">Aviation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010-07-21_A380_LH_D-AIMB_EDDF_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/2010-07-21_A380_LH_D-AIMB_EDDF_06.jpg/220px-2010-07-21_A380_LH_D-AIMB_EDDF_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/2010-07-21_A380_LH_D-AIMB_EDDF_06.jpg/330px-2010-07-21_A380_LH_D-AIMB_EDDF_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/2010-07-21_A380_LH_D-AIMB_EDDF_06.jpg/440px-2010-07-21_A380_LH_D-AIMB_EDDF_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Two Lufthansa Airbus A380s at <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt Airport</a> is one of the busiest airports in the world and is also the single largest place of work in Germany with over 500 companies which employ 71,500 people (2010).<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fraport" title="Fraport">Fraport</a> is the owner and operator of Frankfurt Airport. It is the airport's second-largest employer (19,800 workers in 2010).<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fraport also operates other airports worldwide, e.g., <a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_International_Airport" title="King Abdulaziz International Airport">King Abdulaziz International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Ch%C3%A1vez_International_Airport" title="Jorge Chávez International Airport">Jorge Chávez International Airport</a> in Lima and <a href="/wiki/Antalya_Airport" title="Antalya Airport">Antalya Airport</a>. </p><p>The largest company at Frankfurt Airport is Lufthansa, Germany's <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a> and Europe's largest airline. Lufthansa employs 35,000 people in Frankfurt.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lufthansa Aviation Center (LAC) is the main operation base of Lufthansa at Frankfurt Airport. The airport serves as Lufthansa's primary <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hub</a> with 157 worldwide destinations (compared to 110 destinations at <a href="/wiki/Munich_Airport" title="Munich Airport">Munich Airport</a>, Lufthansa's second-largest hub). <b><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_Cargo" title="Lufthansa Cargo">Lufthansa Cargo</a></b> is based in Frankfurt and operates its largest cargo center (LCC) at Frankfurt Airport. <b><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_Flight_Training" class="mw-redirect" title="Lufthansa Flight Training">Lufthansa Flight Training</a></b> is also based here. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Condor_Flugdienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Condor Flugdienst">Condor</a> is a German airline based at Frankfurt Airport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_industries">Other industries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Other industries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Accountancy_and_professional_services">Accountancy and professional services</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Accountancy and professional services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three of the four largest international <a href="/wiki/Accountancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Accountancy">accountancy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Professional_services" title="Professional services">professional services</a> firms <i>(<a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(audit_firms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Four (audit firms)">Big Four</a>)</i> are present. </p><p><a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a> (PwC) German headquarters are located at <a href="/wiki/Tower_185" title="Tower 185">Tower 185</a>. <a href="/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a> moved its European Headquarters (<a href="/wiki/KPMG#Recent_history" title="KPMG">KPMG Europe LLP</a>) to <a href="/wiki/The_Squaire" title="The Squaire">The Squaire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deloitte_Touche_Tohmatsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu">Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu</a> are present, while <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Eschborn" title="Eschborn">Eschborn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Credit_rating_agencies">Credit rating agencies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Credit rating agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The three major international <a href="/wiki/Credit_rating_agency" title="Credit rating agency">credit rating agencies</a> – <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moody%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Moody's">Moody's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fitch_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitch Group">Fitch Ratings</a> – have their German headquarters in Frankfurt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Investment_trust_companies">Investment trust companies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Investment trust companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DWS Investments is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Investment_trust" title="Investment trust">investment trust</a> company in Germany and manages €859 billion fund assets. It is one of the ten largest investment trust companies in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other large investment trust companies are <a href="/wiki/Universal_Investment" title="Universal Investment">Universal Investment</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allianz Global Investors Europe (a division of <a href="/wiki/Allianz_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="Allianz SE">Allianz SE</a>, and a top-five global active investment manager), <a href="/wiki/Union_Investment" title="Union Investment">Union Investment</a> and Deka Investmentfonds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Management_consultancies">Management consultancies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Management consultancies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of the largest international <a href="/wiki/Management_consulting" title="Management consulting">management consultancies</a> are represented, including <a href="/wiki/Arthur_D._Little" title="Arthur D. Little">Arthur D. Little</a>, <a href="/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey & Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_Consulting_Group" title="Boston Consulting Group">Boston Consulting Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Booz_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Booz & Company">Booz & Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wyman" title="Oliver Wyman">Oliver Wyman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bearing_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Bearing Point">Bearing Point</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capgemini" title="Capgemini">Capgemini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bain_%26_Company" title="Bain & Company">Bain & Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roland_Berger_Strategy_Consultants" class="mw-redirect" title="Roland Berger Strategy Consultants">Roland Berger Strategy Consultants</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Real_estate_services_companies">Real estate services companies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Real estate services companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located in Frankfurt are the German headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Jones_Lang_LaSalle" class="mw-redirect" title="Jones Lang LaSalle">Jones Lang LaSalle</a> and <a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas_Real_Estate" title="BNP Paribas Real Estate">BNP Paribas Real Estate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Law_firms">Law firms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Law firms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt has the highest concentration of lawyers in Germany, with one lawyer per 97 inhabitants (followed by <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> with a ratio of 1/117 and <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> with 1/124) in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the large international <a href="/wiki/Law_firms" class="mw-redirect" title="Law firms">law firms</a> maintain offices, among them <a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Overy" title="Allen & Overy">Allen & Overy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baker_%26_McKenzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Baker & McKenzie">Baker & McKenzie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bird_%26_Bird" title="Bird & Bird">Bird & Bird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Chance" title="Clifford Chance">Clifford Chance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleary_Gottlieb_Steen_%26_Hamilton" title="Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton">Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debevoise_%26_Plimpton" title="Debevoise & Plimpton">Debevoise & Plimpton</a>, <a href="/wiki/DLA_Piper" title="DLA Piper">DLA Piper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freshfields_Bruckhaus_Deringer" title="Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer">Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hogan_Lovells" title="Hogan Lovells">Hogan Lovells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jones_Day" title="Jones Day">Jones Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latham_%26_Watkins" title="Latham & Watkins">Latham & Watkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linklaters" title="Linklaters">Linklaters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayer_Brown" title="Mayer Brown">Mayer Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milbank,_Tweed,_Hadley_%26_McCloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy">Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norton_Rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Norton Rose">Norton Rose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shearman_%26_Sterling" title="Shearman & Sterling">Shearman & Sterling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidley_Austin" title="Sidley Austin">Sidley Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/SJ_Berwin" title="SJ Berwin">SJ Berwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skadden,_Arps,_Slate,_Meagher_%26_Flom" title="Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom">Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_%26_Cromwell" title="Sullivan & Cromwell">Sullivan & Cromwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%26L_Gates" title="K&L Gates">K&L Gates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Wessing" title="Taylor Wessing">Taylor Wessing</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_%26_Case" title="White & Case">White & Case</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Advertising_agencies">Advertising agencies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Advertising agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although it is best known for its banks and financial institutions, Frankfurt is also a media hub. Around 570 companies of the advertising industry and 270 <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">public relations</a> companies are there. </p><p>According to a ranking of German <a href="/wiki/Focus_(German_magazine)" title="Focus (German magazine)">FOCUS magazine</a> (November 2007) seven of the 48 largest <a href="/wiki/Advertising_agency" title="Advertising agency">advertising agencies</a> in Germany are based in Frankfurt, including <a href="/wiki/Havas" title="Havas">Havas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentsu_Aegis_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentsu Aegis Network">Dentsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/McCann-Erickson" class="mw-redirect" title="McCann-Erickson">McCann-Erickson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saatchi_%26_Saatchi" title="Saatchi & Saatchi">Saatchi & Saatchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._Walter_Thompson" title="J. Walter Thompson">JWT</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Publicis" title="Publicis">Publicis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Food">Food</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt is home to the German headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a>, the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">food company</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Niederrad_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niederrad (Frankfurt am Main)">Niederrad</a>. Other important food companies are <a href="/wiki/Ferrero_SpA" title="Ferrero SpA">Ferrero SpA</a> (German headquarters) and Radeberger Gruppe KG, the largest private brewery group in Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Automotive">Automotive</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Automotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The South-Korean <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automobile manufacturer</a> <a href="/wiki/Kia_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Kia Motors">Kia Motors</a> moved its European headquarters to Frankfurt in 2007. In the same year, Italian manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> opened its new German headquarters. The automotive supplier <a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental AG</a> has the headquarters and a major manufacturing plant of its Chassis & Safety division (formerly ITT Automotive) located in Frankfurt Rödelheim. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Construction">Construction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the largest German construction companies have offices, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bilfinger_Berger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilfinger Berger">Bilfinger Berger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hochtief" title="Hochtief">Hochtief</a>, Züblin and BAM Deutschland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Property_and_real_estate">Property and real estate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Property and real estate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt has Germany's highest concentration of homeowners. This is partly attributed to the financial sector, but also to its cosmopolitan nature, with expatriates and immigrants representing one-fourth of its population. For this reason, Frankfurt's property market often operates differently than the rest of the country where the prices are generally flatter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tourism">Tourism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt is one of Germany's leading tourist destinations. In addition to its infrastructure and economy, its diversity supports a vibrant cultural scene. This blend of attractions led 4.3 million tourists (2012) to visit Frankfurt.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hotels in central Frankfurt offer 34,000 beds in 228 hotels, of which 13 are luxury hotels and 46 are first-class hotels.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Herriotstra%C3%9Fe_4.20130511.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Frankfurt_Herriotstra%C3%9Fe_4.20130511.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_Herriotstra%C3%9Fe_4.20130511.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Frankfurt_Herriotstra%C3%9Fe_4.20130511.jpg/330px-Frankfurt_Herriotstra%C3%9Fe_4.20130511.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Frankfurt_Herriotstra%C3%9Fe_4.20130511.jpg/440px-Frankfurt_Herriotstra%C3%9Fe_4.20130511.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2643" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Colt_Technology_Services" title="Colt Technology Services">Colt Technology Services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo of Europe">Nintendo of Europe</a> in the Lyoner Quartier</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Industriepark_H%C3%B6chst,_Leunabr%C3%BCcke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Industriepark_H%C3%B6chst%2C_Leunabr%C3%BCcke.jpg/220px-Industriepark_H%C3%B6chst%2C_Leunabr%C3%BCcke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Industriepark_H%C3%B6chst%2C_Leunabr%C3%BCcke.jpg/330px-Industriepark_H%C3%B6chst%2C_Leunabr%C3%BCcke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Industriepark_H%C3%B6chst%2C_Leunabr%C3%BCcke.jpg/440px-Industriepark_H%C3%B6chst%2C_Leunabr%C3%BCcke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Industriepark Höchst</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mainova_-_M%C3%BCllheizkraftwerk_Nordweststadt_-_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mainova_-_M%C3%BCllheizkraftwerk_Nordweststadt_-_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg/220px-Mainova_-_M%C3%BCllheizkraftwerk_Nordweststadt_-_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mainova_-_M%C3%BCllheizkraftwerk_Nordweststadt_-_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg/330px-Mainova_-_M%C3%BCllheizkraftwerk_Nordweststadt_-_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mainova_-_M%C3%BCllheizkraftwerk_Nordweststadt_-_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg/440px-Mainova_-_M%C3%BCllheizkraftwerk_Nordweststadt_-_Frankfurt_am_Main.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mainova" title="Mainova">Mainova</a> heating plant</figcaption></figure> <p>Frankfurt is home to companies from the chemical, transportation, telecommunication and energy industries. Some of the larger companies are: </p> <ul><li><b>Industriepark Höchst</b> — An <a href="/wiki/Industrial_park" title="Industrial park">industrial park</a> in <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6chst_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)">Höchst</a>. It is one of Germany's largest with over 90 companies from the <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceutical</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> industry, including <a href="/wiki/Celanese" title="Celanese">Celanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clariant" title="Clariant">Clariant</a>, <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merck_KGaA" class="mw-redirect" title="Merck KGaA">Merck KGaA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>. It was founded by chemical company <a href="/wiki/Hoechst_AG" title="Hoechst AG">Hoechst AG</a> in 1874. At the beginning of the 1980s Hoechst AG was the largest pharmaceutical corporation and Industriepark Höchst was known as "the pharmacy of the world". Hoechst AG merged with <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Poulenc" title="Rhône-Poulenc">Rhône-Poulenc</a> to become <a href="/wiki/Aventis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aventis">Aventis</a> in 1999 and in 2004 Aventis merged with <a href="/wiki/Sanofi-Synth%C3%A9labo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanofi-Synthélabo">Sanofi-Synthélabo</a> to become <a href="/wiki/Sanofi-Aventis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanofi-Aventis">Sanofi-Aventis</a>. In 2005, around 22,000 people worked at Industriepark Höchst. In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Ticona" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticona">Ticona</a> now part of <a href="/wiki/Celanese" title="Celanese">Celanese</a>, an international manufacturer of engineering <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymers</a>, moved to Industriepark Höchst.</li> <li><b>Deutsche Bahn</b> – Deutsche Bahn subsidiaries <a href="/wiki/DB_Fernverkehr" title="DB Fernverkehr">DB Fernverkehr</a>, <a href="/wiki/DB_Regio" title="DB Regio">DB Regio</a>, <a href="/wiki/DB_Stadtverkehr" class="mw-redirect" title="DB Stadtverkehr">DB Stadtverkehr</a>, <a href="/wiki/DB_Netz" title="DB Netz">DB Netz</a>, <a href="/wiki/DB_Schenker" title="DB Schenker">DB Schenker</a> and the corporate development department of Deutsche Bahn are Frankfurt-based.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a></b> – Deutsche Telekom's subsidiary <a href="/wiki/T-Systems" title="T-Systems">T-Systems</a> is Frankfurt-based.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/COLT_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="COLT Group">COLT</a></b> – telecommunications company with Frankfurt-based German headquarters</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></b> — In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo of Europe">Nintendo of Europe</a> moved its headquarters from <a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fostheim" title="Großostheim">Großostheim</a> to Frankfurt.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/CenturyLink" class="mw-redirect" title="CenturyLink">CenturyLink</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet service provider</a> with German headquarters in Frankfurt</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/DE-CIX" title="DE-CIX">DE-CIX</a></b> – Frankfurt is an important location for <a href="/wiki/Electronic_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic communication">electronic communication</a>, especially the Internet. It is home to <a href="/wiki/DE-CIX" title="DE-CIX">DE-CIX</a>, the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Internet_exchange_point" title="Internet exchange point">internet exchange point</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mainova" title="Mainova">Mainova</a></b> – The largest regional <a href="/wiki/Energy_supply" title="Energy supply">energy supplier</a> in Germany with about one million customers in <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>. It provides electricity, gas, heat and water. Its headquarters are Frankfurt-based.</li></ul> <p>In addition, several <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial technology">fintech</a> <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startups</a> have their headquarters in Frankfurt.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_area_(suburban)_businesses"><span id="Urban_area_.28suburban.29_businesses"></span>Urban area (suburban) businesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Urban area (suburban) businesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within Frankfurt's urban area are several important companies. </p><p>The business hub of Eschborn is located right at Frankfurt's city limits in the west and attracts businesses with significantly lower <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax" title="Corporate tax">corporate taxes</a> compared to Frankfurt. Major companies in Eschborn include <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Germany" title="Vodafone Germany">Vodafone Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randstad_Holding" class="mw-redirect" title="Randstad Holding">Randstad Holding</a> and VR Leasing. <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></span></span> moved most of its employees to Eschborn in 2010. </p><p><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCsselsheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Rüsselsheim">Rüsselsheim</a> is internationally known for its <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automobile manufacturer</a> <a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a>, one of the biggest automobile manufacturers in Germany. With 20,000 employees in 2003, Opel was one of the five largest employers in <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a> is home to the European headquarters of automobile manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai Motor Company</a>, to the German headquarters of automobile manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell Germany</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a>, the central scientific agency that monitors weather and <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">meteorological</a> conditions over Germany. </p><p>Two <a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> companies are located in <a href="/wiki/Bad_Homburg_vor_der_H%C3%B6he" class="mw-redirect" title="Bad Homburg vor der Höhe">Bad Homburg vor der Höhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fresenius_(company)" title="Fresenius (company)">Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fresenius_Medical_Care" title="Fresenius Medical Care">Fresenius Medical Care</a>. Other major companies are <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridgestone" title="Bridgestone">Bridgestone</a>, Deutsche Leasing and Basler Versicherungen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kronberg_im_Taunus" title="Kronberg im Taunus">Kronberg im Taunus</a> is home of the German headquarters of automobile manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar Cars</a> as well as the German headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Accenture" title="Accenture">Accenture</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_Systems" title="Lufthansa Systems">Lufthansa Systems</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>, is located in <a href="/wiki/Kelsterbach" title="Kelsterbach">Kelsterbach</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/LSG_Sky_Chefs" class="mw-redirect" title="LSG Sky Chefs">LSG Sky Chefs</a>, another subsidiary of Lufthansa, is located in <a href="/wiki/Neu-Isenburg" title="Neu-Isenburg">Neu-Isenburg</a>. </p><p>The German headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cook_Group" title="Thomas Cook Group">Thomas Cook Group</a> are based in <a href="/wiki/Oberursel_(Taunus)" title="Oberursel (Taunus)">Oberursel</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Langen,_Hesse" title="Langen, Hesse">Langen</a> is home to <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Flugsicherung" title="Deutsche Flugsicherung">Deutsche Flugsicherung</a>, the German <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic control</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Frankfurt is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-Stadt_Frankfurt_am_Main_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadt_Frankfurt_am_Main-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, West Midlands, England, United Kingdom (1966)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary (1990)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Deuil-la-Barre" title="Deuil-la-Barre">Deuil-la-Barre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Oise" class="mw-redirect" title="Val d'Oise">Val d'Oise</a>, France (1967); <i>formerly twinned with <a href="/wiki/Nieder-Eschbach" title="Nieder-Eschbach">Nieder-Eschbach</a>, incorporated into Frankfurt in 1972)</i><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Emirate of Dubai</a>, United Arab Emirates (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eski%C5%9Fehir" title="Eskişehir">Eskişehir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eski%C5%9Fehir_Province" title="Eskişehir Province">Eskişehir Province</a>, Turkey (2013)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Granada,_Nicaragua" title="Granada, Nicaragua">Granada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granada_Department" title="Granada Department">Granada Department</a>, Nicaragua (1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, Guangdong, China (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, Poland (1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, Saxony, Germany (1990)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France (1960)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Lombardy, Italy (1970)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania, United States (2015)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, Czech Republic (1990)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gush_Dan" title="Gush Dan">Gush Dan</a>, Israel (1980)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario, Canada (1989)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friendly_cities">Friendly cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Friendly cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt has friendly relations with:<sup id="cite_ref-Stadt_Frankfurt_am_Main_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadt_Frankfurt_am_Main-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt (1979)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a>, Japan (2011)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>, Ukraine (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Römer</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg/300px-Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg/450px-Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg/600px-Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1474" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6mer" title="Römer">Römer</a>, the city hall</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6mer" title="Römer">Römer</a>, the German word for <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Roman</a>, is a complex of nine houses that form the Frankfurt <a href="/wiki/City_hall" class="mw-redirect" title="City hall">city hall</a> (<i>Rathaus</i>). The houses were acquired by the city council in 1405 from a wealthy merchant family. The middle house became the city hall and was later connected with its neighbors. The <i>Kaisersaal</i> ("Emperor's Hall") is located on the upper floor and is where the newly crowned emperors held their banquets. The Römer was partially destroyed in World War II and later rebuilt. The surrounding square, the Römerberg, is named after the city hall. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dom-Roemer-Projekt-Huehnermarkt-06-2018-Ffm-Altstadt-10008-9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Dom-Roemer-Projekt-Huehnermarkt-06-2018-Ffm-Altstadt-10008-9.jpg/300px-Dom-Roemer-Projekt-Huehnermarkt-06-2018-Ffm-Altstadt-10008-9.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Dom-Roemer-Projekt-Huehnermarkt-06-2018-Ffm-Altstadt-10008-9.jpg/450px-Dom-Roemer-Projekt-Huehnermarkt-06-2018-Ffm-Altstadt-10008-9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Dom-Roemer-Projekt-Huehnermarkt-06-2018-Ffm-Altstadt-10008-9.jpg/600px-Dom-Roemer-Projekt-Huehnermarkt-06-2018-Ffm-Altstadt-10008-9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5178" data-file-height="3405" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dom-R%C3%B6mer_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom-Römer Project">New Frankfurt Old Town</a> was completed in 2018, including 15 reconstructed historical buildings.</figcaption></figure> <p>The former <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a> (old town) quarter between the Römer and the Frankfurt Cathedral was redeveloped as the <a href="/wiki/Dom-R%C3%B6mer_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom-Römer Project">Dom-Römer Quarter</a> from 2012 to 2018, including 15 <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_(architecture)" title="Reconstruction (architecture)">reconstructions</a> of historical buildings that were destroyed during World War II. </p><p><b>Frankfurt Cathedral</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Cathedral" title="Frankfurt Cathedral">Frankfurt Cathedral</a> (Frankfurter Dom) is not a cathedral, but the main Catholic church, dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">St. Bartholomew</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> building was constructed in the 14th and 15th centuries on the foundation of an earlier church from the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingian</a> time. From 1356 onwards, kings of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> were elected in this church, and from 1562 to 1792, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Roman-German</a> emperors were crowned there. </p><p>Since the 18th century, St. Bartholomew's has been called <i>Dom</i>, although it was never a bishop's seat. In 1867 it was destroyed by fire and rebuilt in its present style. It was again partially destroyed in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and rebuilt in the 1950s. Its height is 95 meters. The cathedral tower has a viewing platform open to the public at a height of 66 meters, accessed through a narrow spiral staircase with 386 steps. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:791px;max-width:791px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:236px;max-width:236px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:224px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurter_Dom_Eiserner_Steg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Frankfurter_Dom_Eiserner_Steg.jpg/234px-Frankfurter_Dom_Eiserner_Steg.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Frankfurter_Dom_Eiserner_Steg.jpg/351px-Frankfurter_Dom_Eiserner_Steg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Frankfurter_Dom_Eiserner_Steg.jpg/468px-Frankfurter_Dom_Eiserner_Steg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1563" data-file-height="1495" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Cathedral" title="Frankfurt Cathedral">Frankfurt Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:338px;max-width:338px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:224px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg_von_Suedwesten-20110705.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg_von_Suedwesten-20110705.jpg/336px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg_von_Suedwesten-20110705.jpg" decoding="async" width="336" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg_von_Suedwesten-20110705.jpg/504px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg_von_Suedwesten-20110705.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg_von_Suedwesten-20110705.jpg/672px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Samstagsberg_von_Suedwesten-20110705.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6merberg_(Frankfurt)" title="Römerberg (Frankfurt)">Römerberg</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:211px;max-width:211px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:224px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Paulskirche_au%C3%9Fen_2011a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Frankfurt_Paulskirche_au%C3%9Fen_2011a.jpg/209px-Frankfurt_Paulskirche_au%C3%9Fen_2011a.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Frankfurt_Paulskirche_au%C3%9Fen_2011a.jpg/314px-Frankfurt_Paulskirche_au%C3%9Fen_2011a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Frankfurt_Paulskirche_au%C3%9Fen_2011a.jpg/418px-Frankfurt_Paulskirche_au%C3%9Fen_2011a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2590" data-file-height="2776" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Church,_Frankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt">St. Paul's Church</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>St. Paul's Church</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Church,_Frankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt">St. Paul's Church</a> (<i>Paulskirche</i>) is a national historic monument in Germany because it was the seat of the first democratically elected parliament in 1848. It was established in 1789 as a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> church, but was not completed until 1833. Its importance has its roots in the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Parliament">Frankfurt Parliament</a>, which met in the church during the revolutionary years of 1848/49 in order to write a constitution for a united Germany. The attempt failed because the monarchs of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and Austria did not want to lose power. In 1849, Prussian troops ended the democratic experiment by force and the parliament dissolved; the building was once more used for religious services. </p><p>St. Paul's was partially destroyed in World War II with its interior significantly damaged. It was quickly and symbolically rebuilt after the war albeit with modern alterations particularly to the interior; today it is used mainly for exhibitions and events. </p><p><b>Archäologischer Garten Frankfurt</b> </p><p>The Archaeological Garden contains small parts of the oldest recovered buildings: an ancient Roman settlement and the Frankfurt Royal Palace (<i>Kaiserpfalz Frankfurt</i>) from the sixth century. The garden is located between the Römerberg and the cathedral. It was discovered after World War II when the area was heavily bombed and later partly rebuilt. The remains were preserved and are now open to the public. From 2013 until 2015 an event building, the Stadthaus ("City house"), has been built on top of the garden, but it remains open to the public free of charge. </p><p><b>Haus Wertheim</b> </p><p>Wertheim House is the only <a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">timbered house</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a> district that survived the heavy bombings of World War II undamaged. It is located on the Römerberg next to the Historical Museum. </p><p><b>Saalhof</b> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saalhof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saalhof (page does not exist)">Saalhof</a> is the oldest conserved building in the <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a> district and dates to the 12th century. It was used as an exhibition hall by Dutch <a href="/wiki/Cloth_merchant" title="Cloth merchant">clothiers</a> when trade fairs were held during the 14th and 15th centuries. The Saalhof was partly destroyed in World War II and later rebuilt. Today it serves as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Historical_museum,_Frankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical museum, Frankfurt">Historical Museum</a>. </p><p><b>Eiserner Steg</b> </p><p>The Eiserner Steg (Iron Bridge) is a pedestrian-only bridge across the Main that connects Römerberg and Sachsenhausen. It was built in 1868 and was the second bridge to cross the river. After World War II, when it was blown up by the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>, it was quickly rebuilt in 1946. Today some 10,000 people cross the bridge on a daily basis. </p><p><b>Alte Oper</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alte_Oper_Frankfurt_Winter_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Alte_Oper_Frankfurt_Winter_2008.jpg/300px-Alte_Oper_Frankfurt_Winter_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Alte_Oper_Frankfurt_Winter_2008.jpg/450px-Alte_Oper_Frankfurt_Winter_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Alte_Oper_Frankfurt_Winter_2008.jpg/600px-Alte_Oper_Frankfurt_Winter_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alte_Oper" title="Alte Oper">Alte Oper</a>, now a concert hall, at Opernplatz</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Alte_Oper" title="Alte Oper">Alte Oper</a> is a former <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera house</a>, hence the name "Old Opera". The opera house was built in 1880 by architect Richard Lucae. It was one of the major opera houses in Germany until it was heavily damaged in World War II. Until the late 1970s, it was a ruin, nicknamed "Germany's most beautiful ruin". Former Frankfurt <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor">Lord Mayor</a> Rudi Arndt called for blowing it up in the 1960s, which earned him the nickname "Dynamite-Rudi". (Later on, Arndt said he never had meant his suggestion seriously.) </p><p>Public pressure led to its refurbishment and reopening in 1981. Today, it functions as a famous concert hall, while operas are performed at the "new" Frankfurt Opera. The inscription on the <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">frieze</a> of the Alte Oper says: "<i>Dem Wahren, Schönen, Guten</i>" ("To the true, the beautiful, the good"). </p><p><b>Eschenheimer Turm</b> </p><p>The Eschenheim Tower (<i><a href="/wiki/Eschenheimer_Turm" title="Eschenheimer Turm">Eschenheimer Turm</a></i>) was erected at the beginning of the 15th century and served as a city gate as part of late-medieval fortifications. It is the oldest and most unaltered building in the <a href="/wiki/Innenstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Innenstadt</a> district. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Church,_Frankfurt" title="St. Catherine's Church, Frankfurt">St. Catherine's Church</a></b> </p><p>St. Catherine's Church (<i>Katharinenkirche</i>) is the largest <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Protestant</a> church, dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">Catherine of Alexandria</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyred</a> early Christian saint. It is located downtown at the entrance to the Zeil, the central pedestrian shopping street. </p><p><b>Hauptwache</b> </p><p>Although today <a href="/wiki/Hauptwache_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)">Hauptwache</a> is mostly associated with the inner-city underground train station <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Main)_Hauptwache_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt (Main) Hauptwache station">of the same name</a>, the name originates from a <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">baroque</a> building on the square above the station. The Hauptwache building was constructed in 1730 and was used as a prison, therefore the name that translates as "main guard-house". Today the square surrounding the building is also called "Hauptwache" (formal: <i>An der Hauptwache</i>). It is situated downtown opposite to St. Catherine's Church and houses a famous café. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:793px;max-width:793px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:268px;max-width:268px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:180px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Main_Hauptwache_Katharinenkirche_20120707.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Frankfurt_Main_Hauptwache_Katharinenkirche_20120707.jpg/266px-Frankfurt_Main_Hauptwache_Katharinenkirche_20120707.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Frankfurt_Main_Hauptwache_Katharinenkirche_20120707.jpg/399px-Frankfurt_Main_Hauptwache_Katharinenkirche_20120707.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Frankfurt_Main_Hauptwache_Katharinenkirche_20120707.jpg/532px-Frankfurt_Main_Hauptwache_Katharinenkirche_20120707.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4375" data-file-height="2973" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Hauptwache_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)">Hauptwache</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Church,_Frankfurt" title="St. Catherine's Church, Frankfurt">St. Catherine's Church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:180px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Nextower.20130514.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Frankfurt_Nextower.20130514.jpg/122px-Frankfurt_Nextower.20130514.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Frankfurt_Nextower.20130514.jpg/183px-Frankfurt_Nextower.20130514.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Frankfurt_Nextower.20130514.jpg/244px-Frankfurt_Nextower.20130514.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2693" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Eschenheimer_Turm" title="Eschenheimer Turm">Eschenheimer Turm</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:395px;max-width:395px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:180px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Main_Hauptbahnhof_6229.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Frankfurt_Main_Hauptbahnhof_6229.jpg/393px-Frankfurt_Main_Hauptbahnhof_6229.jpg" decoding="async" width="393" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Frankfurt_Main_Hauptbahnhof_6229.jpg/590px-Frankfurt_Main_Hauptbahnhof_6229.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Frankfurt_Main_Hauptbahnhof_6229.jpg/786px-Frankfurt_Main_Hauptbahnhof_6229.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1413" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Central_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Central Station">Frankfurt Central Station</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Central Station</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Central_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Central Station">Frankfurt Central Station</a> (<i>Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof</i>), which opened in 1888, was built as the central train station for Frankfurt to replace three smaller downtown train stations and to boost the needed capacity for travellers. It was constructed as a <a href="/wiki/Terminal_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal station">terminus station</a> and was the largest train station in Europe by floor area until 1915 when <a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Hauptbahnhof" title="Leipzig Hauptbahnhof">Leipzig Central Station</a> was opened. Its three main halls were constructed in a <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">neorenaissance</a>-style, while the later enlargement with two outer halls in 1924 was constructed in <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassic</a>-style. </p><p><b>Frankfurter Hof</b> </p><p>The Frankfurter Hof is a landmark downtown hotel at Kaiserplatz, built from 1872 to 1876. It is part of <a href="/wiki/Steigenberger_Hotels" class="mw-redirect" title="Steigenberger Hotels">Steigenberger Hotels</a> group and is considered the city's most prestigious. </p><p><b>St. Leonhard</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/St._Leonhard,_Frankfurt" title="St. Leonhard, Frankfurt">St. Leonhard</a>, on the Main close to the bridge Eiserner Steg, is a Catholic <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">late Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Hall_church" title="Hall church">hall church</a>, derived from a <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque style</a> <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> beginning in 1425. It is the only one of nine churches in the Old Town that survived World War II almost undamaged. The parish serves the English-speaking community. The church has been under restoration from 2011 until 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Gründerzeit quarters</b> </p><p>Around the city centre there are wide spread quarters full of <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnderzeit#Design_and_architecture" title="Gründerzeit">Gründerzeit architecture</a>. Buildings of that typ often sport richly-decorated façades in the form of Historicism such as Gothic Revival, Renaissance Revival, German Renaissance and Baroque Revival. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Textor-schweizer-ffm002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sachsenhausen"><img alt="Sachsenhausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Textor-schweizer-ffm002.jpg/233px-Textor-schweizer-ffm002.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Textor-schweizer-ffm002.jpg/349px-Textor-schweizer-ffm002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Textor-schweizer-ffm002.jpg/465px-Textor-schweizer-ffm002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2857" data-file-height="2211" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt,_Beethovenstra%C3%9Fe_71.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Westend"><img alt="Westend" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Frankfurt%2C_Beethovenstra%C3%9Fe_71.jpg/271px-Frankfurt%2C_Beethovenstra%C3%9Fe_71.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Frankfurt%2C_Beethovenstra%C3%9Fe_71.jpg/407px-Frankfurt%2C_Beethovenstra%C3%9Fe_71.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Frankfurt%2C_Beethovenstra%C3%9Fe_71.jpg/542px-Frankfurt%2C_Beethovenstra%C3%9Fe_71.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Nordend.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Nordend"><img alt="Nordend" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Nordend.JPG/269px-Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Nordend.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Nordend.JPG/404px-Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Nordend.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Nordend.JPG/538px-Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Nordend.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nordend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)">Nordend</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bergerstrasse-ffm066.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bornheim"><img alt="Bornheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bergerstrasse-ffm066.jpg/246px-Bergerstrasse-ffm066.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bergerstrasse-ffm066.jpg/369px-Bergerstrasse-ffm066.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bergerstrasse-ffm066.jpg/492px-Bergerstrasse-ffm066.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2811" data-file-height="2058" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bornheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bornheim</a></div> </li> </ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Timber_framed" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber framed">Timber framed</a> old towns</b> </p><p>Around the city center of Frankfurt are several former independent villages, now part of the city, with <a href="/wiki/Timber_framed" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber framed">timber framed</a> centres and even whole old towns like <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6chst_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)">Höchst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seckbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Seckbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niederursel" title="Niederursel">Niederursel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Enkheim" title="Bergen-Enkheim">Bergen-Enkheim</a>. Overall there are around 14.500 buildings in Frankfurt built before 1919<sup id="cite_ref-zensus2011.de_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zensus2011.de-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and around 3.000 of them are <a href="/wiki/Timber_framed" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber framed">timber framed</a> houses.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 252.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoechster_Altstadt_September_2010_Pano_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Höchst old town"><img alt="Höchst old town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hoechster_Altstadt_September_2010_Pano_1.jpg/376px-Hoechster_Altstadt_September_2010_Pano_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="251" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hoechster_Altstadt_September_2010_Pano_1.jpg/564px-Hoechster_Altstadt_September_2010_Pano_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hoechster_Altstadt_September_2010_Pano_1.jpg/752px-Hoechster_Altstadt_September_2010_Pano_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4983" data-file-height="2386" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6chst_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)">Höchst</a> old town</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Town-hall-seckbach-hesse-2010-germany-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seckbach"><img alt="Seckbach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Town-hall-seckbach-hesse-2010-germany-b.jpg/231px-Town-hall-seckbach-hesse-2010-germany-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Town-hall-seckbach-hesse-2010-germany-b.jpg/347px-Town-hall-seckbach-hesse-2010-germany-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Town-hall-seckbach-hesse-2010-germany-b.jpg/463px-Town-hall-seckbach-hesse-2010-germany-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2780" data-file-height="2164" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Seckbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Seckbach</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niederursel,_Alt-Niederursel_29-31_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niederursel"><img alt="Niederursel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Niederursel%2C_Alt-Niederursel_29-31_%281%29.jpg/327px-Niederursel%2C_Alt-Niederursel_29-31_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Niederursel%2C_Alt-Niederursel_29-31_%281%29.jpg/490px-Niederursel%2C_Alt-Niederursel_29-31_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Niederursel%2C_Alt-Niederursel_29-31_%281%29.jpg/653px-Niederursel%2C_Alt-Niederursel_29-31_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6100" data-file-height="3366" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Niederursel" title="Niederursel">Niederursel</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bergerrathaus2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bergen-Enkheim"><img alt="Bergen-Enkheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bergerrathaus2.JPG/129px-Bergerrathaus2.JPG" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bergerrathaus2.JPG/193px-Bergerrathaus2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bergerrathaus2.JPG/258px-Bergerrathaus2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bergen-Enkheim" title="Bergen-Enkheim">Bergen-Enkheim</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th-century_architecture">20th-century architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: 20th-century architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfriedenskirche" title="Frauenfriedenskirche">Frauenfriedenskirche</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Church,_Frankfurt-Bornheim" title="Holy Cross Church, Frankfurt-Bornheim">Holy Cross Church</a></b>), both consecrated in 1929, are examples of early modernist church buildings during the time of the <a href="/wiki/New_Frankfurt" title="New Frankfurt">New Frankfurt</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fmarkthalle" title="Großmarkthalle">Großmarkthalle</a></b>, built 1926–1928 as a part of the <a href="/wiki/New_Frankfurt" title="New Frankfurt">New Frankfurt</a>-project, the former wholesale market hall was repaired after the second world war and integrated into the new <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="Seat of the European Central Bank">seat of the European Central Bank</a> between 2010 and 2014.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Goethe_House" title="Goethe House">Goethe House</a></b>, rebuilt 1947. The birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a> from 1749 was destroyed in World War II and then rebuilt true to the original.</li> <li><b>Junior-Haus</b>, built 1951, an example of early post-World War II architecture located at Kaiserplatz.</li> <li><b>Bayer-Haus</b>, built 1952, another example of early post-World War II architecture.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Museum_f%C3%BCr_angewandte_Kunst_Frankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum für angewandte Kunst Frankfurt">Museum für angewandte Kunst</a></b>, built 1985, designed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Meier" title="Richard Meier">Richard Meier</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/IG_Farben_Building" title="IG Farben Building">IG Farben Building</a></b> – Also known as <b>Poelzig Building</b> (<i>Poelzig-Bau</i>) after its architect <a href="/wiki/Hans_Poelzig" title="Hans Poelzig">Hans Poelzig</a>, it was built from 1928 to 1930 as the corporate headquarters of <a href="/wiki/IG_Farben" title="IG Farben">I.G. Farbenindustrie AG</a>. It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend</a> district and borders <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCneburgpark" title="Grüneburgpark">Grüneburgpark</a> in the west. Upon its completion, the complex was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_buildings_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest buildings in the world">largest office building</a> in Europe and remained so until the 1950s. The building served as headquarters for research projects relating to the development of <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_oil" title="Synthetic oil">synthetic oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">rubber</a> and the manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, lubricating oil, explosives, <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zyklon_B" title="Zyklon B">Zyklon B</a>, the lethal gas used in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson,_Staun_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson,_Staun-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Historical_Frankfurt_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_Frankfurt-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After World War II, it served as the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander" title="Supreme Allied Commander">Supreme Allied Command</a> and from 1949 to 1952 the High Commissioner for Germany (HICOG). It became the principal location for implementing the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a>, which largely financed the post-war reconstruction of Europe. The state apparatus of the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">Federal German Government</a> was devised there. It served as the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._V_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. V Corps">US Army's V Corps</a> and the Northern Area Command (NACOM) until 1995 when the US Army returned control of the IG Farben Building to the German government. It was purchased on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University Frankfurt</a> by the state of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>. In October 2001 it became part of the Westend Campus of Goethe University.</li></ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IG_Farben_Gebaeude_Uni_Frankfurt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IG Farben Building, now the central lecture building of the Westend Campus of the Goethe University"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/IG_Farben_Gebaeude_Uni_Frankfurt.jpg/800px-IG_Farben_Gebaeude_Uni_Frankfurt.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/IG_Farben_Gebaeude_Uni_Frankfurt.jpg/1200px-IG_Farben_Gebaeude_Uni_Frankfurt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/IG_Farben_Gebaeude_Uni_Frankfurt.jpg/1600px-IG_Farben_Gebaeude_Uni_Frankfurt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10176" data-file-height="1967" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:IG_Farben_Gebaeude_Uni_Frankfurt.jpg" title="File:IG Farben Gebaeude Uni Frankfurt.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/IG_Farben_Building" title="IG Farben Building">IG Farben Building</a>, now the central lecture building of the Westend Campus of the Goethe University</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st-century_architecture">21st-century architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: 21st-century architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Squaire,_Frankfurt_am_Main-1060.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/The_Squaire%2C_Frankfurt_am_Main-1060.jpg/220px-The_Squaire%2C_Frankfurt_am_Main-1060.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/The_Squaire%2C_Frankfurt_am_Main-1060.jpg/330px-The_Squaire%2C_Frankfurt_am_Main-1060.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/The_Squaire%2C_Frankfurt_am_Main-1060.jpg/440px-The_Squaire%2C_Frankfurt_am_Main-1060.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4849" data-file-height="2728" /></a><figcaption>The Squaire in 2017</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Die Welle</b> (<i>The Wave</i>), built 1998–2003, a complex of three wavelike-formed office buildings next to the Opernplatz.</li> <li><b>Alte Stadtbibliothek</b>, rebuilt 2003–2005, reconstruction of the old public library house originally built 1820–1825.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Palais_Thurn_und_Taxis" title="Palais Thurn und Taxis">Palais Thurn und Taxis</a></b>, rebuilt 2004–2009, reconstruction of a palace originally built 1731–1739.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/MyZeil" title="MyZeil">MyZeil</a></b>, built 2004–2009, shopping mall at the Zeil with an imposing vaulted glass-structure.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Squaire" title="The Squaire">The Squaire</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of <i>square</i> and <i>air</i>), also known as <b>Airrail Center Frankfurt</b>, is a 660 m (2,165.35 ft) long and 45 m (147.64 ft) tall office building located at <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt Airport</a>. It was built from 2006 to 2011 on top of an existing railway station (<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport_long-distance_station" title="Frankfurt Airport long-distance station">Frankfurt Airport long distance Station</a>) and has a connecting bridge to Terminal 1 for pedestrians. Its total of 140,000 m<sup>2</sup> (1,506,947 sq ft) rentable floor space makes it Germany's largest office building.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skyscrapers">Skyscrapers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Skyscrapers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Frankfurt" title="List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt">List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt</a></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_am_Main_Skyline_(51395421615).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Frankfurt from the Taunus"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Frankfurt_am_Main_Skyline_%2851395421615%29.jpg/800px-Frankfurt_am_Main_Skyline_%2851395421615%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Frankfurt_am_Main_Skyline_%2851395421615%29.jpg/1200px-Frankfurt_am_Main_Skyline_%2851395421615%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Frankfurt_am_Main_Skyline_%2851395421615%29.jpg/1600px-Frankfurt_am_Main_Skyline_%2851395421615%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="1088" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_am_Main_Skyline_(51395421615).jpg" title="File:Frankfurt am Main Skyline (51395421615).jpg"> </a></div>View of Frankfurt from the <a href="/wiki/Taunus" title="Taunus">Taunus</a></div></div></div> <p>Frankfurt is one of the few European cities with a significant number of skyscrapers, (buildings at least 150 m (492.13 ft) tall). It hosts 20 out of Germany's 21 <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Germany" title="List of tallest buildings in Germany">skyscrapers</a>. Most skyscrapers and high-rise office buildings are located in the financial district (<a href="/wiki/Bankenviertel" title="Bankenviertel">Bankenviertel</a>) near downtown, around the trade fair premises (<a href="/wiki/Europaviertel_(Frankfurt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Europaviertel (Frankfurt)">Europaviertel</a>) and at <a href="/wiki/Mainzer_Landstra%C3%9Fe" title="Mainzer Landstraße">Mainzer Landstraße</a> between Opernplatz and Platz der Republik, which connects the two areas. </p><p>The 20 skyscrapers are: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Commerzbank_Tower" title="Commerzbank Tower">Commerzbank Tower</a></b>, 259.0 m (849.74 ft) – The EU's second-tallest building, the tallest building in Europe 1997–2003; <a href="/wiki/Commerzbank" title="Commerzbank">Commerzbank</a> headquarters.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Messeturm" title="Messeturm">Messeturm</a></b>, 256.5 m (841.54 ft) – The EU's third-tallest building, the tallest building in Europe 1990–1997; main tenant is <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> (Germany).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Four_(Frankfurt)" title="Four (Frankfurt)">Four I</a></b>, 233.0 m (764.44 ft)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Westend_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Westend Tower">Westend Tower</a></b>, 208.0 m (682.41 ft) – <a href="/wiki/DZ_Bank" title="DZ Bank">DZ Bank</a> headquarters</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Main_Tower" title="Main Tower">Main Tower</a></b>, 200.0 m (656.17 ft) – <a href="/wiki/Helaba" title="Helaba">Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a> (Germany) headquarters</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tower_185" title="Tower 185">Tower 185</a></b>, 200.0 m (656.17 ft) – <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a> (Germany) headquarters</li> <li><b> ONE </b>, 191 m (626.64 ft)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Omniturm" title="Omniturm">Omniturm</a></b>, 190.0 m (623.36 ft)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Trianon_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Trianon (Frankfurt am Main)">Trianon</a></b>, 186.0 m (610.24 ft) – <a href="/wiki/DekaBank" title="DekaBank">DekaBank</a> headquarters</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="Seat of the European Central Bank">Seat of the European Central Bank</a></b>, 185.0 m (606.96 ft) – <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> headquarters</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grand_Tower_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Grand Tower (Frankfurt am Main)">Grand Tower</a></b>, 179.9 m (590.22 ft) – Tallest residential tower</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Four_(Frankfurt)" title="Four (Frankfurt)">Four I</a></b>, 179.0 m (587.27 ft) – Residential tower</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Opernturm" title="Opernturm">Opernturm</a></b>, 170.0 m (557.74 ft) – <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> (Germany) headquarters</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taunusturm" title="Taunusturm">Taunusturm</a></b>, 170.0 m (557.74 ft)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Silberturm" title="Silberturm">Silberturm</a></b>, 166.3 m (545.60 ft) – Germany's tallest building 1978–1990, Main tenant is <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Westend_Gate" title="Westend Gate">Westend Gate</a></b>, 159.3 m (522.64 ft) – Germany's tallest building 1976–1978, Main tenant is <a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott</a> Frankfurt Hotel.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Twin_Towers" title="Deutsche Bank Twin Towers">Deutsche Bank I</a></b>, 155.0 m (508.53 ft) – <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> headquarters</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Twin_Towers" title="Deutsche Bank Twin Towers">Deutsche Bank II</a></b>, 155.0 m (508.53 ft)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marienturm" title="Marienturm">Marienturm</a></b>, 155.0 m (508.53 ft)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skyper" title="Skyper">Skyper</a></b>, 153.8 m (504.59 ft) – Main tenant is DekaBank.</li></ul> <p>Other high-rise buildings include: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Eurotower_(Frankfurt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurotower (Frankfurt)">Eurotower</a></b>, 148.0 m (485.56 ft) – <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">Former European Central Bank headquarters</a></li> <li><b>One Forty West</b>, 145 m (475.72 ft) – <a href="/wiki/Meli%C3%A1_Hotels_International" title="Meliá Hotels International">Meliá Hotels International</a>, Residential</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_B%C3%BCro_Center" title="Frankfurter Büro Center">Frankfurter Büro Center</a></b>, 142.4 m (467.19 ft) – Main tenant is <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Chance" title="Clifford Chance">Clifford Chance</a> (Germany).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City-Haus" title="City-Haus">City-Haus</a></b>, 142.1 m (466.21 ft) – Main tenant is DZ Bank.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gallileo_(skyscraper)" title="Gallileo (skyscraper)">Gallileo</a></b>, 136.0 m (446.19 ft) – Main tenant is Commerzbank.</li></ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:762px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Skyline_Pano.S%C3%BCdwest.20130618.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankfurt skyline in June 2013, view from south-west"><img alt="Frankfurt skyline in June 2013, view from south-west" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Frankfurt_Skyline_Pano.S%C3%BCdwest.20130618.jpg/754px-Frankfurt_Skyline_Pano.S%C3%BCdwest.20130618.jpg" decoding="async" width="754" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Frankfurt_Skyline_Pano.S%C3%BCdwest.20130618.jpg/1131px-Frankfurt_Skyline_Pano.S%C3%BCdwest.20130618.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Frankfurt_Skyline_Pano.S%C3%BCdwest.20130618.jpg/1508px-Frankfurt_Skyline_Pano.S%C3%BCdwest.20130618.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6476" data-file-height="2147" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Skyline_Pano.S%C3%BCdwest.20130618.jpg" title="File:Frankfurt Skyline Pano.Südwest.20130618.jpg"> </a></div>Frankfurt skyline in June 2013, view from south-west</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_high-rise_buildings">History of high-rise buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: History of high-rise buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Frankfurt" title="List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt">List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Skyline_(16259801511).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Frankfurt_Skyline_%2816259801511%29.jpg/300px-Frankfurt_Skyline_%2816259801511%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Frankfurt_Skyline_%2816259801511%29.jpg/450px-Frankfurt_Skyline_%2816259801511%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Frankfurt_Skyline_%2816259801511%29.jpg/600px-Frankfurt_Skyline_%2816259801511%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3955" data-file-height="2966" /></a><figcaption>Skyline at dusk, seen from Deutschherrnbrücke (2014)</figcaption></figure> <p>For centuries, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Cathedral" title="Frankfurt Cathedral">St. Bartholomeus's Cathedral</a> was the tallest structure. The first building to exceed the 95-meter-high cathedral was not an office building but a <a href="/wiki/Grain_silo" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain silo">grain silo</a>, the 120 m-high (390 ft) <a href="/wiki/Henninger_Turm" title="Henninger Turm">Henninger Turm</a>, built from 1959 to 1961. </p><p>The first high-rise building boom came in the 1970s when <a href="/wiki/Westend_Gate" title="Westend Gate">Westend Gate</a> (then called <i>Plaza Büro Center</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Silberturm" title="Silberturm">Silberturm</a> were constructed and became the tallest buildings in Germany with a height of 159.3 meters and 166.3 meters, respectively. Around the same time, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_B%C3%BCro_Center" title="Frankfurter Büro Center">Frankfurter Büro Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/City-Haus" title="City-Haus">City-Haus</a> (142.4 meters and 142.1 meters) were constructed at Mainzer Landstraße and <a href="/wiki/Eurotower_(Frankfurt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurotower (Frankfurt)">Eurotower</a> (148.0 meters) and <a href="/wiki/Garden_Tower" title="Garden Tower">Garden Tower</a> (127.0 meters; then called <i>Helaba-Hochhaus</i>) were constructed in the financial district. </p><p>None of the buildings constructed during the 1980s surpassed Silberturm. The most famous buildings from this decade are the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Twin_Towers" title="Deutsche Bank Twin Towers">Deutsche Bank Twin Towers</a> at Taunusanlage, both 155.0 meters tall. </p><p>The 1990s featured a second wave. <a href="/wiki/Messeturm" title="Messeturm">Messeturm</a>, built on the trade fair site, reached a height of 256.5 meters (842 ft) and became the tallest building in Europe by 1991. It was overtaken by the 259 m-high (850 ft) <a href="/wiki/Commerzbank_Tower" title="Commerzbank Tower">Commerzbank Tower</a> in 1997. Other tall buildings from this decade are <a href="/wiki/Westendstrasse_1" title="Westendstrasse 1">Westendstrasse 1</a> (208 meters (682 ft)), <a href="/wiki/Main_Tower" title="Main Tower">Main Tower</a> (200 meters (660 ft)) and <a href="/wiki/Trianon_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Trianon (Frankfurt am Main)">Trianon</a> (186 meters (610 ft)). </p><p>In 21st-century Frankfurt, more high-rise buildings and skyscrapers (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Skyper" title="Skyper">Skyper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opernturm" title="Opernturm">Opernturm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tower_185" title="Tower 185">Tower 185</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="Seat of the European Central Bank">Seat of the European Central Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taunusturm" title="Taunusturm">Taunusturm</a>) emerged, but none have surpassed Commerzbank Tower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_tall_structures">Other tall structures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Other tall structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europaturm_Abend.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Europaturm_Abend.jpg/220px-Europaturm_Abend.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Europaturm_Abend.jpg/330px-Europaturm_Abend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Europaturm_Abend.jpg/440px-Europaturm_Abend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1142" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption>Top of the <a href="/wiki/Europaturm" title="Europaturm">Europaturm</a>, a 337 m (1,106 ft) communications tower</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Europaturm" title="Europaturm">Europaturm</a> —</b> The Europe Tower is a <a href="/wiki/Radio_masts_and_towers" title="Radio masts and towers">telecommunications tower</a>, also known as the Frankfurt TV Tower, built from 1974 to 1979. With a height of 337.5 meters it is the tallest tower and the second tallest structure in Germany after the <a href="/wiki/Fernsehturm_Berlin" title="Fernsehturm Berlin">Fernsehturm Berlin</a>. It was open to the public until 1999, with an entertainment establishment in the revolving top. It is normally referred to by locals as the "Ginnheimer Spargel" (<i>Ginnheim Asparagus</i>), but stands a few meters within <a href="/wiki/Bockenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bockenheim</a> district.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Henninger_Turm" title="Henninger Turm">Henninger Turm</a> —</b> The Henninger Tower was a 120-mete-high <a href="/wiki/Grain_silo" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain silo">grain silo</a> built from 1959 to 1961 and owned by <a href="/wiki/Henninger_Brewery" title="Henninger Brewery">Henninger Brewery</a>. It was the highest structure until 1974. The Henninger Tower had two rotating restaurants at the height of 101 and 106 meters and an open-air observation deck at the height of 110 meters. The tower closed to the public in October 2002 and was demolished in 2013 to be replaced by a 140 m (459 ft) tall residential tower, which is externally inspired by the old Henninger Turm. The cornerstone for this project was laid in June 2014 and construction was completed in summer 2017. The new tower offers 207 luxury flats<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and houses the non-rotating restaurant "Franziska". From 1962 to 2008 a famous yearly <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">cycling race</a> was named after the tower, the "Radrennen Rund um den Henninger Turm" (<i>Cycling race around Henninger Tower</i>). The now-renamed race is still a yearly event.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Goethe_Tower" title="Goethe Tower">Goetheturm</a> –</b> The Goethe Tower was a 43 m-high (141 ft) tower on the northern edge of the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_City_Forest" title="Frankfurt City Forest">Frankfurt City Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen</a>. It was the fifth tallest wood construction structure in Germany. It was built in 1931 and was a popular place for day-trippers until it burned down in 2017. A faithful reconstruction has been opened to the public on 12 October 2020, exactly three years after the original's destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shopping_streets">Shopping streets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Shopping streets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Ansicht_vom_Maintower_am_fruehen_Abend-20110328.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Ansicht_vom_Maintower_am_fruehen_Abend-20110328.jpg/170px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Ansicht_vom_Maintower_am_fruehen_Abend-20110328.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Ansicht_vom_Maintower_am_fruehen_Abend-20110328.jpg/255px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Ansicht_vom_Maintower_am_fruehen_Abend-20110328.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Ansicht_vom_Maintower_am_fruehen_Abend-20110328.jpg/340px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Zeil-Ansicht_vom_Maintower_am_fruehen_Abend-20110328.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zeil" title="Zeil">Zeil</a>, Frankfurt's central shopping street</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Zeil" title="Zeil">Zeil</a></b> – Frankfurt's central shopping street. It is a pedestrian-only area and is bordered by two large public squares, <a href="/wiki/Hauptwache_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)">Hauptwache</a> in the west and <a href="/wiki/Konstablerwache" title="Konstablerwache">Konstablerwache</a> in the east. It is the second most expensive street for shops to rent in Germany after the <a href="/wiki/Kaufingerstra%C3%9Fe" title="Kaufingerstraße">Kaufingerstraße</a> in Munich. 85 percent of the shops are retail chains such as <a href="/wiki/H%26M" title="H&M">H&M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(store)" title="Saturn (store)">Saturn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esprit_Holdings" title="Esprit Holdings">Esprit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zara_(retailer)" title="Zara (retailer)">Zara</a> or <a href="/wiki/NewYorker" class="mw-redirect" title="NewYorker">NewYorker</a>. In 2009 a new shopping mall named <a href="/wiki/MyZeil" title="MyZeil">MyZeil</a> opened there with nearly 100 stores and chains like <a href="/wiki/Hollister_Co." title="Hollister Co.">Hollister</a>. Three more shopping malls occupy the Zeil: UpperZeil (replacing the <a href="/wiki/Zeilgalerie" title="Zeilgalerie">Zeilgalerie</a>, which was demolished in 2016), <a href="/wiki/Metro_AG" title="Metro AG">Galeria Kaufhof</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arcandor" title="Arcandor">Karstadt</a>, as well as large fashion retail clothing stores from <a href="/wiki/Peek_%26_Cloppenburg" title="Peek & Cloppenburg">Peek & Cloppenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%26A" title="C&A">C&A</a>. During the month before Christmas, the extended pedestrian-only zone is host to <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Christmas_Market" title="Frankfurt Christmas Market">Frankfurt Christmas Market</a>, one of the largest and oldest Christmas markets in Germany.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Goethestra%C3%9Fe" title="Goethestraße">Goethestraße</a></b> – Frankfurt's most expensive shopping street with prestigious shops like <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton" title="Louis Vuitton">Louis Vuitton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prada" title="Prada">Prada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gucci" title="Gucci">Gucci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co." title="Tiffany & Co.">Tiffany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Armani" title="Giorgio Armani">Giorgio Armani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Versace" title="Versace">Versace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartier_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartier SA">Cartier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burberry" title="Burberry">Burberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vertu" title="Vertu">Vertu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari">Bulgari</a>. It is located between the financial district and downtown, running from Goetheplatz to Opernplatz.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fre%C3%9Fgass" title="Freßgass">Freßgass</a></b> – (officially <i>Kalbächer Gasse</i> and <i>Große Bockenheimer Straße</i>) is a central pedestrian-only street section between Börsenstraße and Opernplatz. The name translates as "feeding alley" because of its high concentration of gastronomy, but lately prestigious shops (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Apple Store</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Boss" title="Hugo Boss">Hugo Boss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porsche_Design_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche Design Group">Porsche Design</a>) have moved here due to the lack of space in the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Goethestra%C3%9Fe" title="Goethestraße">Goethestraße</a>, displacing old, established restaurants, butchers and delicatessens.</li> <li><b>Berger Straße</b> – Frankfurt's longest shopping street. It starts in the city center, runs through <a href="/wiki/Nordend,_Frankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordend, Frankfurt">Nordend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bornheim_(Frankfurt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bornheim (Frankfurt)">Bornheim</a> and ends in <a href="/wiki/Seckbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Seckbach</a>. The street is less crowded than the Zeil and offers a greater variety of smaller shops, restaurants and cafés.</li> <li><b>Leipziger Straße</b> – Central shopping street in the Bockenheim district starting at Bockenheimer Warte going towards West. High density of shops for daily needs.</li> <li><b>Braubachstraße</b> – In the <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a> district, close to the historic sites of the city, offers a large variety of art galleries, second-hand bookshops and antique shops.</li> <li><b>Münchener Straße</b> – In the <a href="/wiki/Bahnhofsviertel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)">Bahnhofsviertel</a> district, located between the central station and Willy-Brandt-Platz, is the most multicultural shopping street with many shops selling imported products mainly from Turkey, the Middle East and Asia.</li> <li><b>Kaiserstraße</b> – One of the best-known streets and considered one of the most beautiful because of its amount of <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnderzeit" title="Gründerzeit">Gründerzeit</a>-style buildings. It runs parallel to Münchener Straße from the central station to the financial district. Kaiserstraße is still a synonym for Frankfurt's <a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">Red-light district</a> although <a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">sex-oriented businesses</a> moved to neighboring streets such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taunusstrasse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taunusstrasse (page does not exist)">Taunusstrasse</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taunusstra%C3%9Fe" class="extiw" title="de:Taunusstraße">de</a>]</span> in the 1990s. Today Kaiserstraße houses many small shops, restaurants and cafés.</li> <li><b>Kleinmarkthalle</b> – (literally: <i>Small Market Hall</i>) is a market hall close to Konstablerwache square offering fresh food and flowers. In addition to regional delicacies like <a href="/wiki/Green_sauce" title="Green sauce">green sauce</a> imported goods are offered. The Kleinmarkthalle is the largest public marketplace in Frankfurt.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:1026px;max-width:1026px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:354px;max-width:354px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fressgass_Ffm_April_2011_EVA_8761.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fressgass_Ffm_April_2011_EVA_8761.jpg/352px-Fressgass_Ffm_April_2011_EVA_8761.jpg" decoding="async" width="352" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fressgass_Ffm_April_2011_EVA_8761.jpg/528px-Fressgass_Ffm_April_2011_EVA_8761.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fressgass_Ffm_April_2011_EVA_8761.jpg/704px-Fressgass_Ffm_April_2011_EVA_8761.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Sidewalk cafés at <a href="/wiki/Fre%C3%9Fgass" title="Freßgass">Fressgass</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:314px;max-width:314px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MyZeil_Frankfurt_Nacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/MyZeil_Frankfurt_Nacht.jpg/312px-MyZeil_Frankfurt_Nacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="312" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/MyZeil_Frankfurt_Nacht.jpg/468px-MyZeil_Frankfurt_Nacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/MyZeil_Frankfurt_Nacht.jpg/624px-MyZeil_Frankfurt_Nacht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="1210" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Shopping mall <a href="/wiki/MyZeil" title="MyZeil">MyZeil</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goethestrasse_Rothofstrasse_Ffm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Goethestrasse_Rothofstrasse_Ffm.jpg/350px-Goethestrasse_Rothofstrasse_Ffm.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Goethestrasse_Rothofstrasse_Ffm.jpg/525px-Goethestrasse_Rothofstrasse_Ffm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Goethestrasse_Rothofstrasse_Ffm.jpg/700px-Goethestrasse_Rothofstrasse_Ffm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1714" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Luxury shopping at <a href="/wiki/Goethestra%C3%9Fe" title="Goethestraße">Goethestraße</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_city">Green city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Green city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FFM_Jacobiweiher_Uferblick_von_NO_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FFM_Jacobiweiher_Uferblick_von_NO_1.jpg/220px-FFM_Jacobiweiher_Uferblick_von_NO_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FFM_Jacobiweiher_Uferblick_von_NO_1.jpg/330px-FFM_Jacobiweiher_Uferblick_von_NO_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/FFM_Jacobiweiher_Uferblick_von_NO_1.jpg/440px-FFM_Jacobiweiher_Uferblick_von_NO_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_City_Forest" title="Frankfurt City Forest">Frankfurt City Forest</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With a large forest, many parks, the Main riverbanks and the two botanical gardens, Frankfurt is considered a "green city": More than 50 percent of the area within the city limits are protected green areas.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Frankfurter Grüngürtel</b> – The Green Belt is a ring-shaped public green space around the city. With 8,000 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">ha</a> it covers a third of the administrative area. It includes the Frankfurter Stadtwald (<i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_City_Forest" title="Frankfurt City Forest">Frankfurt City Forest</a></i>, Germany's largest forest within a city), the Schwanheimer Düne (<i><a href="/wiki/Schwanheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Schwanheim</a> <a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">Dune</a></i>), the Niddatal (<i><a href="/wiki/Nidda_(river)" title="Nidda (river)">Nidda</a> <a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a></i>), the Niddapark, the Lohrberg (<i>Lohr Mountain</i>, Frankfurt's only <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyard</a>), the Huthpark, the Enkheimer Ried (<i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt-Bergen-Enkheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt-Bergen-Enkheim">Enkheim</a> <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">Marsh</a></i>), the Seckbacher Ried (<i><a href="/wiki/Seckbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Seckbach</a> <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">Marsh</a></i>) and the Fechenheimer Mainbogen (a S-shaped part of the <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a> river in <a href="/wiki/Fechenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fechenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Fechenheim</a>). The Green Belt is a <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected area</a> which means that housing is not allowed. The Green Belt was formally created in 1991 with its own constitution.</li> <li><b>Mainuferpark</b> – The Mainuferpark (<i>Main Riverbanks Park</i>) is the common term to describe the inner-city Main riverbanks. It is an auto-free zone with large green areas that is popular with strollers and tourists, especially in the summertime, when it can become crowded. The southern riverbank, which continues further to <a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a>, offers the best skyline views. The northern riverbank ends in the west at the former Westhafen (<i>West Harbor</i>, a residential housing area) and is growing to the east: A former industrial-used area between the new <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Central_Bank" title="Seat of the European Central Bank">Seat of the European Central Bank</a> and the Osthafen (<i>East Harbor</i>) has become a park named Hafenpark (<i>Harbor Park</i>), which offers outdoor courts for basketball, soccer and a skatepark.</li> <li><b>Wallanlagen</b> – The <a href="/wiki/Wallanlagen" title="Wallanlagen">Wallanlagen</a> (former <i><a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">ramparts</a></i>) relate to the former ring-shaped <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">city wall fortifications</a> around the <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Innenstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Innenstadt</a> district (abolished 1804–1812), now a series of parks. Building is not allowed, with a few exceptions, the most famous being the <a href="/wiki/Alte_Oper" title="Alte Oper">Alte Oper</a> (built 1880) at the Opernplatz. The part between the northern Main riverbank and the Opernplatz, referred to officially as Taunusanlage and Gallusanlage, is locally known as "Central Park" (a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">famous park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>), because of the skyscrapers which stand on both sides.</li> <li><b>Nizza Park</b> – At the juncture of the northern Main riverbank and the Wallanlagen is a famous small park called Nizza. The name of the park recalls <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> in southern France, because it is one of the warmest areas with a nearly <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">mediterranean climate</a>. Numerous <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_flora" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean flora">Mediterranean flora</a> grow there and can survive outside during the winter.</li> <li><b>Garten des Himmlischen Friedens</b> – "Garden of Heavenly Peace", named after the <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square" title="Tiananmen Square">Tiananmen Gate</a> in Beijing, is a Chinese-styled park in the <a href="/wiki/Nordend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)">Nordend</a> district and part of the larger Bethmannpark. It contains Chinese buildings, with building materials imported from China and built by Chinese workers in the 1980s. Hosts traditional Chinese plants and herbs.</li> <li><b>Other parks</b> – The largest parks are the Niddapark (168 ha), the Ostpark (32 ha) and the <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCneburgpark" title="Grüneburgpark">Grüneburgpark</a> (29 ha).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Museumsufer" title="Museumsufer">Museumsufer</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FrankfurtM_Staedel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FrankfurtM_Staedel.jpg/220px-FrankfurtM_Staedel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FrankfurtM_Staedel.jpg/330px-FrankfurtM_Staedel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FrankfurtM_Staedel.jpg/440px-FrankfurtM_Staedel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1749" data-file-height="1251" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4del" title="Städel">Städel</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Senckenberg_Naturmuseum_von_Osten-20120325.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Senckenberg_Naturmuseum_von_Osten-20120325.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Senckenberg_Naturmuseum_von_Osten-20120325.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Senckenberg_Naturmuseum_von_Osten-20120325.jpg/330px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Senckenberg_Naturmuseum_von_Osten-20120325.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Senckenberg_Naturmuseum_von_Osten-20120325.jpg/440px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Senckenberg_Naturmuseum_von_Osten-20120325.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Naturmuseum_Senckenberg" title="Naturmuseum Senckenberg">Senckenberg Natural History Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With more than 30 museums, Frankfurt has one of the largest variety of museums in Europe. Most museums are part of the <a href="/wiki/Museumsufer" title="Museumsufer">Museumsufer</a>, located on the front row of both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a> riverbank or nearby, which was created on an initiative by cultural politician <a href="/wiki/Hilmar_Hoffmann" title="Hilmar Hoffmann">Hilmar Hoffmann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Museumsufer_Frankfurt_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museumsufer_Frankfurt-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ten museums are located on the southern riverbank in <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen</a> between the Eiserner Steg and the Friedensbrücke. The street itself, <a href="/wiki/Schaumainkai" title="Schaumainkai">Schaumainkai</a>, is partially closed to traffic on Saturdays for Frankfurt's largest <a href="/wiki/Flea_market" title="Flea market">flea market</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Architecture_Museum" title="German Architecture Museum">Deutsches Architekturmuseum</a> (German Architecture Museum)</li> <li>Deutsches Filmmuseum (German Film Museum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Romantik-Museum" title="Deutsches Romantik-Museum">Deutsches Romantik-Museum</a></li> <li>Frankfurter Ikonenmuseum (Icon Museum Frankfurt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liebieghaus" title="Liebieghaus">Liebieghaus</a> (Museum of sculptures)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Angewandte_Kunst" title="Museum Angewandte Kunst">Museum Angewandte Kunst</a> (Museum of Applied Arts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Giersch" title="Museum Giersch">Museum Giersch</a> (Museum for Regional Art)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Kommunikation_Frankfurt" title="Museum für Kommunikation Frankfurt">Museum für Kommunikation</a> (Museum of Communications)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_der_Weltkulturen" title="Museum der Weltkulturen">Museum der Weltkulturen</a> (Museum of World Cultures)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4del" title="Städel">Städel</a>, one of the most famous art museums in Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Electronic_Music" title="Museum of Modern Electronic Music">Museum für elektronische Musik</a> (Museum of Modern Electronic Music)</li> <li>Bibelhaus Erlebnis Museum (Bible House Experience Museum)</li></ul> <p>Two museums are located on the northern riverbank: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_Frankfurt" title="Jewish Museum Frankfurt">Jüdisches Museum Frankfurt</a> (Jewish Museum Frankfurt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_museum,_Frankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical museum, Frankfurt">Historisches Museum Frankfurt</a> (Historical Museum Frankfurt)</li></ul> <p>Not directly located on the northern riverbank in the <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a> district are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Moderne_Kunst" title="Museum für Moderne Kunst">Museum für Moderne Kunst</a> (Museum of Modern Art)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schirn_Kunsthalle_Frankfurt" title="Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt">Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt</a> (Schirn Art Gallery Frankfurt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Kunstverein" title="Frankfurter Kunstverein">Frankfurter Kunstverein</a> (Art Association Frankfurt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Judengasse" title="Frankfurter Judengasse">Museum Judengasse</a> (Jews' Alley Museum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goethe_House" title="Goethe House">Goethe-Haus</a> (Goethe House)</li> <li>Archäologisches Museum Frankfurt (Archaeological Museum Frankfurt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricatura_Museum_Frankfurt" title="Caricatura Museum Frankfurt">Caricatura Museum für Komische Kunst</a> (Caricatura Museum of Comic Art)</li> <li>Dommuseum Frankfurt (Frankfurt Cathedral Museum)</li></ul> <p>Another important museum is located in the <a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend</a> district: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturmuseum_Senckenberg" title="Naturmuseum Senckenberg">Naturmuseum Senckenberg</a> (Senckenberg Natural History Museum), the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a> museum in Germany</li></ul> <p>Other museums are the Dialogmuseum (Dialogue Museum) in the <a href="/wiki/Ostend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)">Ostend</a> district, <a href="/wiki/Eintracht_Frankfurt" title="Eintracht Frankfurt">Eintracht Frankfurt</a> Museum at <a href="/wiki/Waldstadion_(Frankfurt)" title="Waldstadion (Frankfurt)">Deutsche Bank Park</a>, the Frankfurter Feldbahnmuseum (Light Railway Museum Frankfurt) in the <a href="/wiki/Gallus_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)">Gallus</a> district, the Verkehrsmuseum Frankfurt (Transport Museum Frankfurt) in the <a href="/wiki/Schwanheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Schwanheim</a> district, the Hammer Museum in the <a href="/wiki/Bahnhofsviertel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)">Bahnhofsviertel</a> district and the Geldmuseum der Deutschen Bundesbank (Money Museum of the German Federal Bank) in the <a href="/wiki/Ginnheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginnheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Ginnheim</a> district. The Explora Museum+Wissenschaft+Technik (Explora Museum of Science and Engineering) in the <a href="/wiki/Nordend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)">Nordend</a> district was closed in 2016. Most museums open around 10:00 am local time, and it is possible to comfortably visit four museums in one day, a fact many tourists take advantage of. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music">Music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">Trance music</a> originated in Frankfurt. In 1989 German producers Michael Münzing and Luca Anzilotti (under the pseudonyms Benito Benites and John "Virgo" Garrett III) formed the <a href="/wiki/Snap!" title="Snap!">Snap!</a> project. Snap! songs combined <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Rap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">Soul</a> vocals adding rhythm by using computer technology and mixing electronic sounds, bass and drums. By doing so a new genre was born: Eurodance.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1990s, DJs including <a href="/wiki/Sven_V%C3%A4th" title="Sven Väth">Sven Väth</a> and DJ DAG (of <a href="/wiki/Dance_2_Trance" title="Dance 2 Trance">Dance 2 Trance</a>) first played a harder, deeper style of <a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">acid house</a> that became popular worldwide over the next decade as Trance music. Some of the early and most influential Eurodance, Trance and <a href="/wiki/Techno_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Techno music">Techno</a> acts, e.g., <a href="/wiki/La_Bouche" title="La Bouche">La Bouche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jam_and_Spoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam and Spoon">Jam and Spoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_Affair" title="Magic Affair">Magic Affair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_Beat" title="Culture Beat">Culture Beat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snap!" title="Snap!">Snap!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance_2_Trance" title="Dance 2 Trance">Dance 2 Trance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lieb" title="Oliver Lieb">Oliver Lieb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hardfloor" title="Hardfloor">Hardfloor</a>, and record labels such as <a href="/wiki/Harthouse" title="Harthouse">Harthouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eye_Q_(record_label)" title="Eye Q (record label)">Eye Q</a>, were based in the city in the early 1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Venues">Venues</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Festhalle-Frankfurt-am-Main-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Festhalle-Frankfurt-am-Main-2.jpg/220px-Festhalle-Frankfurt-am-Main-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Festhalle-Frankfurt-am-Main-2.jpg/330px-Festhalle-Frankfurt-am-Main-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Festhalle-Frankfurt-am-Main-2.jpg/440px-Festhalle-Frankfurt-am-Main-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Festhalle_Frankfurt" title="Festhalle Frankfurt">Festhalle Frankfurt</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_English_Theatre_Ffm_DSC_0808.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_English_Theatre_Ffm_DSC_0808.jpg/220px-The_English_Theatre_Ffm_DSC_0808.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_English_Theatre_Ffm_DSC_0808.jpg/330px-The_English_Theatre_Ffm_DSC_0808.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_English_Theatre_Ffm_DSC_0808.jpg/440px-The_English_Theatre_Ffm_DSC_0808.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The English Theatre</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Opern-_und_Schauspielhaus_Frankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt">Oper Frankfurt</a></b> – A leading Germany opera company and one of Europe's most important. It was elected <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_house_of_the_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera house of the year">Opera house of the year</a></i> (of Germany, Austria and German-speaking Switzerland) by German magazine <a href="/wiki/Opernwelt" title="Opernwelt">Opernwelt</a> in 1995, 1996 and 2003. It was also elected <i>Best opera house in Germany</i> in 2010 and 2011. Its orchestra was voted <i>Orchestra of the year</i> in 2009, 2010 and 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Opern-_und_Schauspielhaus_Frankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt">Schauspiel Frankfurt</a></b> – Theater at <a href="/wiki/Willy-Brandt-Platz" title="Willy-Brandt-Platz">Willy-Brandt-Platz</a> in the financial district, next to the Frankfurt Opera.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Radio_Symphony" title="Frankfurt Radio Symphony">Frankfurt Radio Symphony</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Hr-Sinfonieorchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Hr-Sinfonieorchester">hr-Sinfonieorchester</a> in German) – one of the top symphony orchestras in the world</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Festhalle_Frankfurt" title="Festhalle Frankfurt">Festhalle Frankfurt</a></b> – Multi-purpose hall next to the <a href="/wiki/Messeturm" title="Messeturm">Messeturm</a> at the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Trade_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Trade Fair">Frankfurt Trade Fair</a>. It is mostly used for concerts, exhibitions or sport events and can accommodate up to 13,500.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Waldstadion_(Frankfurt)" title="Waldstadion (Frankfurt)">Deutsche Bank Park</a></b> – Frankfurt's largest sports stadium and the seventh largest in Germany. It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_City_Forest" title="Frankfurt City Forest">Frankfurt City Forest</a> near <a href="/wiki/Niederrad" title="Niederrad">Niederrad</a>. It is primarily used for soccer and concerts with a capacity up to 58,000. It opened in 1925 and underwent several major reconstructions. Locals still prefer to call the stadium by its traditional name, <b>Waldstadion</b> (<i>Forest Stadium</i>). Home to <a href="/wiki/Eintracht_Frankfurt" title="Eintracht Frankfurt">Eintracht Frankfurt</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alte_Oper" title="Alte Oper">Alte Oper</a></b> – A major concert hall.</li> <li><b>Jahrhunderthalle</b> – <i>Century Hall</i> is a large concert and exhibition hall in <a href="/wiki/Unterliederbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unterliederbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Unterliederbach</a> district. Sometimes referred to as "Jahrhunderthalle Höchst", because it was built to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the chemical company <a href="/wiki/Hoechst_AG" title="Hoechst AG">Hoechst AG</a> in 1963.</li> <li><b>The English Theatre</b> – Located on the ground floor of the <a href="/wiki/Gallileo_(skyscraper)" title="Gallileo (skyscraper)">Gallileo</a> high-rise building, this is the largest English theater in continental Europe. It was established in 1979.</li> <li><b>Tigerpalast</b> – <i>Tiger Palace</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Variet%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Varieté">varieté</a> near the Zeil. It was established in 1988 and houses the famous Tiger-Restaurant which was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin star</a>.</li> <li><b>Künstlerhaus Mousonturm</b> – <i>House of Artists Mouson Tower</i> has a smaller budget than traditional theaters and uses more unconventional performing methods. It is located in an old factory in the <a href="/wiki/Ostend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)">Ostend</a> district.</li> <li><b>Die Schmiere</b> – <i>The Grease</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a> and Frankfurt's oldest privately owned theater. It is located in the Karmeliterkloster in the <a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a> district. According to its own advertising, it is <i>the worst theater in the world</i>.</li> <li><b>Die Komödie</b> – <i>The Comedy</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_theatre_(aesthetic)" title="Boulevard theatre (aesthetic)">boulevard theater</a> near downtown Frankfurt's Willy-Brandt-Platz.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/West_German_Chamber_Plays" title="West German Chamber Plays">West German Chamber Plays</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Botanical_gardens">Botanical gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Botanical gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmengarten-ffm-Haus_Rosenbrunn-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Palmengarten-ffm-Haus_Rosenbrunn-002.jpg/220px-Palmengarten-ffm-Haus_Rosenbrunn-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Palmengarten-ffm-Haus_Rosenbrunn-002.jpg/330px-Palmengarten-ffm-Haus_Rosenbrunn-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Palmengarten-ffm-Haus_Rosenbrunn-002.jpg/440px-Palmengarten-ffm-Haus_Rosenbrunn-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2744" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption>Palmengarten</figcaption></figure> <p>Frankfurt is home to two major botanical gardens: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmengarten" title="Palmengarten">Palmengarten</a> – Located in the <a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend</a> district, it is Hesse's largest botanical garden, covering 22 ha (54 acres). It opened to the public in 1871. The botanical exhibits are organized according to their origin in free-air or in greenhouses that host tropical and subtropical plants, hence the name "<a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Palm</a> Garden".</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Botanischer_Garten_der_Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe-Universit%C3%A4t_Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanischer Garten der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main">Botanischer Garten der Goethe-Universität</a></b> – The university's botanical garden is also an <a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">arboretum</a>. It contains about 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>, with special collections of <i><a href="/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus">Rubus</a></i> (45 species) and indigenous plants of central Europe. It is organized into two major areas: The <a href="/wiki/Geobotany" class="mw-redirect" title="Geobotany">geobotanical</a> area contains an <a href="/wiki/Alpine_garden" title="Alpine garden">alpine garden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">arboretum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meadow" title="Meadow">meadows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marsh</a>, and a pond, as well as collections of plants from the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, East Asia, <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>, and North America and the systematic and ecological collection includes crop plants, <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a>, ornamental plants, <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">roses</a>, and the <i>Neuer Senckenbergischer Arzneipflanzengarten</i> (New Senckenberg Medicinal Plant Garden), which measures 1,200 m<sup>2</sup> (13,000 sq ft). The Botanical Garden, Palmengarten, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCneburgpark" title="Grüneburgpark">Grüneburgpark</a> collectively form the largest inner-city green area.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_culture">Foreign culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Foreign culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes" title="Instituto Cervantes">Instituto Cervantes</a></b> – Named after <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a>, one of the most important Spanish authors, this is the world's largest organization for promoting the study and teaching of Spanish language and culture. 54 such Centros Cervantes across the world offer Spanish language and history courses. The Frankfurt branch was officially opened in September 2008 by <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe VI of Spain">Felipe, Prince of Asturias</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Letizia_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Letizia of Spain">Letizia, Princess of Asturias</a>. It is located in the so-called <i>Amerika-Haus</i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Institut_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Institut Français">Institut Français</a></b> – A French public industrial and commercial organization (EPIC), started in 1907 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for promoting French, francophone as well as local cultures around the world. The French Institute works closely with the French cultural network abroad consisting of more than 150 branches and nearly 1,000 branches of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Alliance française">Alliance française</a> around the world.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Italiano_di_Cultura" title="Istituto Italiano di Cultura">Istituto Italiano di Cultura</a></b> – A worldwide non-profit organization created by the Italian government. It promotes Italian culture and is involved in the teaching of the Italian language; there are 83 Italian Cultural Institutes throughout major cities around the world.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Confucius_Institute" title="Confucius Institute">Confucius Institute</a></b> – A non-profit public educational organization affiliated with the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, whose aim is to promote Chinese language and culture, support local Chinese teaching internationally, and facilitate cultural exchanges. There are over 480 Confucius Institutes worldwide.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_European_Online_Library" title="Central and Eastern European Online Library">Central and Eastern European Online Library</a></b> – CEEOL is an online archive providing access to full-text articles from humanities and social science scholarly journals on Central, Eastern and South-Eastern European topics. Subject areas include anthropology, culture and society, economy, gender studies, history, Judaic studies, fine arts, literature, linguistics, political sciences and social sciences, philosophy and religion. CEEOL is operated by Questa.Soft GmbH.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museumsuferfest_2005_-_Riesenrad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Museumsuferfest_2005_-_Riesenrad.jpg/220px-Museumsuferfest_2005_-_Riesenrad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Museumsuferfest_2005_-_Riesenrad.jpg/330px-Museumsuferfest_2005_-_Riesenrad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Museumsuferfest_2005_-_Riesenrad.jpg/440px-Museumsuferfest_2005_-_Riesenrad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The Museumsuferfest in 2005</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Museumsuferfest</b> – <i>Museums Riverbank Festival</i> is one of Germany's biggest cultural festivals, attracting more than 3 million visitors over three days at the end of August along the <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a> riverbank downtown. The 20 museums there open far into the night. It offers live music, dance shows, booths for crafts, jewelry, clothes and food stands from around the world.</li> <li><b>Dippemess</b> – Frankfurt's oldest folk festival is the <i>Festival of Stoneware</i>, which takes place semi-annually around Easter and the end of September in the eastern area. "Dippe" is a regional <a href="/wiki/Hessian_dialects" title="Hessian dialects">Hessian dialect</a> word meaning "pot" or "jar" which would not be understood in most other German regions. Mentioned for the first time in the 14th century as an annual marketplace it is now more of an amusement park. The name of the festival derives from its original purpose when it was a fair where traditionally crafted jars, pots and other stoneware were on offer.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luminale_2012_-_OVO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Luminale_2012_-_OVO.jpg/220px-Luminale_2012_-_OVO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Luminale_2012_-_OVO.jpg/330px-Luminale_2012_-_OVO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Luminale_2012_-_OVO.jpg/440px-Luminale_2012_-_OVO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5342" data-file-height="3575" /></a><figcaption>"OVO" at Luminale 2012</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Luminale</b> — The "festival of light" has taken place biannually since 2000, parallel to the <i>Light + building</i> exhibition at the trade fair. Many buildings are specially lit for the event. In 2008, more than 220 light installations could be seen, attracting 100,000 visitors.</li> <li><b>Wäldchestag</b> – <i>Day of the forest</i> is known as a regional holiday because until the 1990s it was common that Frankfurt's shops were closed on this day. The festival takes place over four days after <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> with the formal Wäldchestag on Tuesday. Its unique location is in the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_City_Forest" title="Frankfurt City Forest">Frankfurt City Forest</a>, south-west of downtown in <a href="/wiki/Niederrad" title="Niederrad">Niederrad</a>. "Wäldches" is a regional dialect of the German word "Wäldchen", meaning "small forest".</li> <li><b>Nacht der Museen</b> – <i>Night of the museums</i> takes place every year in April or May. 50 museums in Frankfurt and in the neighboring city of <a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a> are open until 2:00 am surrounded by special music events, dance performances, readings and guided tours. A free shuttle operates between the museums. In 2010, approximately 40,000 visitors attended.</li> <li><b>Nacht der Clubs</b> – <i>Night of the clubs</i> is an event similar to Nacht der Museen: On one night as many as 20 clubs can be visited with a single ticket for €12. Usually, club-door policies are loosened to attract new customers. A free shuttle runs between the clubs. 15,000 people participated in 2008.</li> <li><b>Wolkenkratzer Festival</b> — The <i>Skyscraper Festival</i> is unique in Germany. It takes place irregularly, lately in May 2013, and attracted around 1.2 million visitors. For two days most skyscrapers are open to the public. Sky-divers, base jumpers, fireworks and laser shows are extra attractions.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nightlife">Nightlife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Nightlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt offers a variety of restaurants, bars, pubs and clubs. Clubs concentrate in and around downtownand in the <a href="/wiki/Ostend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)">Ostend</a> district, mainly close to Hanauer Landstraße. Restaurants, bars and pubs concentrate in <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)">Nordend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bornheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bornheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bockenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bockenheim</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a>, Frankfurt was a pioneering city in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with renowned DJs including <a href="/wiki/Sven_V%C3%A4th" title="Sven Väth">Sven Väth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Trauner" title="Marc Trauner">Marc Trauner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scot_Project" title="Scot Project">Scot Project</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kai_Tracid" title="Kai Tracid">Kai Tracid</a>. One of the main venues of the early <a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">Trance music</a> sound was the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="extiw" title="de:Omen (Frankfurt am Main)">Omen nightclub</a> from 1988 to 1998. Another popular disco club of the 1980s–1990s and a hotspot for Techno/Trance music was the <a href="/wiki/Dorian_Gray_(club)" title="Dorian Gray (club)">Dorian Gray</a>, which was located within Terminal 1 at Frankfurt Airport from 1978 to 2000. Further popular venues were the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/U60311" class="extiw" title="de:U60311">U60311</a> (1998–2012) and the <a href="/wiki/Cocoon_(club)" title="Cocoon (club)">Coocoon Club</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fechenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fechenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Fechenheim</a> (2004–2012). Notable live music venues of the past include the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkkasten_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="extiw" title="de:Sinkkasten (Frankfurt am Main)">Sinkkasten Arts Club</a> (1971–2011) and the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kamehameha_Club" class="extiw" title="de:King Kamehameha Club">King Kamehameha Club</a> (1999–2013). </p><p>Among the most popular active rock and pop concert venues is the <a href="/wiki/Batschkapp" title="Batschkapp">Batschkapp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seckbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Seckbach</a>, which opened in 1976 as a center for autonomous and left-wing counterculture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_culture">Domestic culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Domestic culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurter-kueche-vienna.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Frankfurter-kueche-vienna.JPG/170px-Frankfurter-kueche-vienna.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Frankfurter-kueche-vienna.JPG/255px-Frankfurter-kueche-vienna.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Frankfurter-kueche-vienna.JPG/340px-Frankfurter-kueche-vienna.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_kitchen" title="Frankfurt kitchen">Frankfurt kitchen</a> in the version of 1926 in an Austrian museum</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_kitchen" title="Frankfurt kitchen">Frankfurt kitchen</a> – Designed originally in 1926 for the <a href="/wiki/New_Frankfurt" title="New Frankfurt">New Frankfurt</a>-project and built in some 10,000 units, the kitchen became a milestone in domestic architecture, considered the forerunner of modern fitted kitchens.</li> <li>Frankfurt cupboard – The Baroque Frankfurt-style cupboards were used to store the family linen, one of them by Goethe's father, who took one cupboard to Rome. The most luxurious versions have wave-shaped parts, some are made of solid cherry wood inlaid with plumwood.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary_specialties">Culinary specialties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Culinary specialties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hessian_cuisine" title="Hessian cuisine">Hessian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apfelwein_Geripptes_Bembel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Apfelwein_Geripptes_Bembel.jpg/220px-Apfelwein_Geripptes_Bembel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Apfelwein_Geripptes_Bembel.jpg/330px-Apfelwein_Geripptes_Bembel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Apfelwein_Geripptes_Bembel.jpg/440px-Apfelwein_Geripptes_Bembel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2121" data-file-height="1983" /></a><figcaption>"Bembel" (jug) and "Geripptes" (glass)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apfelwein" title="Apfelwein">Apfelwein</a> – <i>Apple wine</i> or <i>hard cider</i> is regionally known as "Ebbelwoi", "Äppler" or "Stöffsche". It has an alcohol content of 5.5%–7% and a tart, sour taste. It is traditionally served in a glass, typically decorated with lozenges, called "Geripptes", a full glass is then called "Schoppen". Apfelwein is also available in a stoneware jar locally known as "Bembel". A group normally orders a "Bembel" and shares the contents. Apfelwein can be ordered as "sauergespritzer", which is apfelwein blended with 30% mineral water or as "süssgespritzer", which is Apfelwein blended with lemon soda, orange soda or fresh-pressed apple juice (lemon soda being the most common). Most of the pubs which serve Apfelwein are located in <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen</a>, which is therefore known as "Ebbelwoi district". Due to its national drink Frankfurt is sometimes called "Big Ebbel" (pronunciation with <a href="/wiki/Hessian_dialects" title="Hessian dialects">Hessian dialect</a>), an homage to <a href="/wiki/Big_Apple" title="Big Apple">Big Apple</a>, the famous nickname of New York City.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_sauce#German_Grüne_Soße" title="Green sauce">Grüne Soße</a> – <i>Green sauce</i> is a sauce made with hard-boiled eggs, oil, vinegar, salt and a generous amount of seven fresh herbs, namely borage, sorrel, garden cress, chervil, chives, parsley and salad burnet. Variants, often due to seasonal availability include dill, lovage, lemon balm and spinach. Original green sauce Frankfurt-style is made of herbs that were gathered only on fields within the city limits.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_W%C3%BCrstchen" title="Frankfurter Würstchen">Frankfurter Würstchen</a> – "short Frankfurter" is a small <a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">sausage</a> made of smoked pork. They are similar to <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dogs</a>. The name Frankfurter Würstchen has been trademarked since 1860.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Rindswurst" title="Frankfurter Rindswurst">Frankfurter Rindswurst</a> – Sausage made of pure beef.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Rippchen" title="Frankfurter Rippchen">Frankfurter Rippchen</a> – Also known as Rippchen mit Kraut, this is a traditional dish which consists of cured pork cutlets, slowly heated in <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">sauerkraut</a> or meat broth, and usually served with sauerkraut, mashed potatoes and yellow mustard.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handk%C3%A4se" title="Handkäse">Handkäs mit Musik</a> – German regional <a href="/wiki/Sour_milk_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Sour milk cheese">sour milk cheese</a> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Harzer" title="Harzer">Harzer</a>) and a culinary specialty in the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Rhine-Main" title="Frankfurt Rhine-Main">Rhine Main Region</a>. The traditional way of producing it is by hand. When it is topped with chopped onions it becomes "Handkäs mit Musik" (with music) because the onions are supposed to stimulate flatulence.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Kranz" title="Frankfurter Kranz">Frankfurter Kranz</a> – Cake speciality believed to originate from Frankfurt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Bethmännchen">Bethmännchen</a> – "A little Bethmann" is a pastry made from marzipan with almond, powdered sugar, rosewater, flour, and egg. It is usually baked for Christmas.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quality_of_life">Quality of life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Quality of life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a 2001 ranking by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a>, Frankfurt was rated the richest city in Europe by <a href="/wiki/GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, Paris and <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frankfurt was voted the seventh in the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_most_livable_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="World's most livable cities">Mercer Quality of Living Survey</a> by the Mercer Quality of Living Survey (2012),<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seventh in the Mercer Quality of Living Survey (2010) and 18th at the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist's</a> World's Most Liveable Cities Survey (2011).<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an annual citizen survey (2010), arranged by the city council, 66 percent inhabitants are satisfied or highly satisfied with the city, while only 6 percent said that they are dissatisfied. Compared to the 1993's survey the number of satisfied inhabitants has grown about 22 percent while the number of dissatisfied inhabitants was reduced by 8 percent. 84 percent of the inhabitants like to live in Frankfurt, 13 percent would rather choose to live somewhere else. 37 percent are satisfied with the public safety (1993: only 9 percent), 22 percent are dissatisfied (1993: 64 percent).<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frankfurt consistently has the highest levels of crime per 100,000 inhabitants in Germany (15.976 crimes per annum in 2008) and is therefore dubbed the German "crime capital".<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this statistic is often criticized<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> because it ignores major factors: It is calculated based on the administrative 680,000-inhabitant figure while the urban area has 2.5 M inhabitants and on weekdays adds another million people<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (not counting the 53 million passengers passing through the airport each year). The rate for personal safety-relevant crimes such as murder, manslaughter, rape or bodily harm, is 3.4 percent, placing Frankfurt twelfth in the ranking (related to the official 680,000-inhabitant figure) or number 21 (related to the one-million-figure).<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the state of Hesse, where Frankfurt is located, was ranked the third-safest state in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankfurt_Airport">Frankfurt Airport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Frankfurt Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt Airport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AirportFrankfurt_fromair_2010-09-19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/AirportFrankfurt_fromair_2010-09-19.jpg/220px-AirportFrankfurt_fromair_2010-09-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/AirportFrankfurt_fromair_2010-09-19.jpg/330px-AirportFrankfurt_fromair_2010-09-19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/AirportFrankfurt_fromair_2010-09-19.jpg/440px-AirportFrankfurt_fromair_2010-09-19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1206" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt Airport</a> (with the fourth runway under construction in 2010) and the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Kreuz" title="Frankfurter Kreuz">Frankfurter Kreuz</a> (lower right corner)</figcaption></figure> <p>The city can be accessed from around the world via <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt Airport</a> (<i>Flughafen Frankfurt am Main</i>) located 12 km (7 mi) southwest of downtown. The airport has four <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runways</a> and serves 265 nonstop destinations. Run by transport company <a href="/wiki/Fraport" title="Fraport">Fraport</a> it ranks among the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by passenger traffic">world's busiest airports by passenger traffic</a> and is the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_cargo_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by cargo traffic">busiest airport by cargo traffic</a> in Europe. The airport also serves as a hub for <a href="/wiki/Condor_Flugdienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Condor Flugdienst">Condor</a> and as the main hub for German <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>. It is the busiest airport in Europe in terms of cargo traffic, and the fourth busiest in Europe in terms of passenger traffic behind <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport" title="Charles de Gaulle Airport">Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol" title="Amsterdam Airport Schiphol">Amsterdam Airport Schiphol</a>. Passenger traffic at Frankfurt Airport in 2018 was 69,510,269 passengers. </p><p>A third terminal is being constructed (planned to open in 2026). The third terminal will increase the capacity of the airport to over 90 million passengers per year.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The airport can be reached by car or bus and has two railway stations, one for regional and one for long-distance traffic. The <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> lines S8 and S9 (direction <i>Offenbach Ost</i> or <i>Hanau Hbf</i>) departing at the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport_regional_station" title="Frankfurt Airport regional station">regional station</a> take 10–15 minutes from the airport to <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Central_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Central Station">Frankfurt Central Station</a> and onwards to <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Hauptwache_station" title="Frankfurt Hauptwache station">Hauptwache station</a> downtown), the <a href="/wiki/InterCity" title="InterCity">IC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intercity-Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity-Express">ICE</a> trains departing at the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport_long-distance_station" title="Frankfurt Airport long-distance station">long-distance station</a> take 10 minutes to Frankfurt Central Station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankfurt_Hahn_Airport">Frankfurt Hahn Airport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Frankfurt Hahn Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the name, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt%E2%80%93Hahn_Airport" title="Frankfurt–Hahn Airport">Frankfurt Hahn Airport</a> (<i>Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn</i>) is situated approximately 120 km (75 mi) from the city in <a href="/wiki/Lautzenhausen" title="Lautzenhausen">Lautzenhausen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>). Hahn Airport is a major base for <a href="/wiki/Low-cost_carrier" title="Low-cost carrier">low-cost carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a>. This airport can only be reached by car or bus. An hourly bus service runs from <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof">Frankfurt Central Station</a>, taking just over 2 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Passenger traffic at Hahn Airport in 2010 was 3.5 million. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankfurt_Egelsbach_Airport">Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Egelsbach_Airport" title="Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport">Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport</a> (<i>Flugplatz Frankfurt-Egelsbach</i>) is a busy <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> airport located south-east of Frankfurt Airport, near <a href="/wiki/Egelsbach" title="Egelsbach">Egelsbach</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurter_Kreuz_-_BAB_3_und_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Frankfurter_Kreuz_-_BAB_3_und_5.jpg/220px-Frankfurter_Kreuz_-_BAB_3_und_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Frankfurter_Kreuz_-_BAB_3_und_5.jpg/330px-Frankfurter_Kreuz_-_BAB_3_und_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Frankfurter_Kreuz_-_BAB_3_und_5.jpg/440px-Frankfurter_Kreuz_-_BAB_3_und_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3073" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Kreuz" title="Frankfurter Kreuz">Frankfurter Kreuz</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Frankfurt is a traffic hub for the German motorway (<i><a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Autobahn</a></i>) system. The <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Kreuz" title="Frankfurter Kreuz">Frankfurter Kreuz</a> is an Autobahn interchange close to the airport, where the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_3" title="Bundesautobahn 3">Bundesautobahn 3</a> (A3), <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> to <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_5" title="Bundesautobahn 5">Bundesautobahn 5</a> (A5), <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, meet. With approximately 320,000 cars passing through it every day, it is Europe's most heavily used interchange. The <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_66" title="Bundesautobahn 66">Bundesautobahn 66</a> (A66) connects Frankfurt with <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a> in the west and <a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a> in the east. The <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_661" title="Bundesautobahn 661">Bundesautobahn 661</a> (A661) is mainly a commuter motorway that starts in the south (Egelsbach), runs through the eastern part and ends in the north (<a href="/wiki/Oberursel" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberursel">Oberursel</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_648" title="Bundesautobahn 648">Bundesautobahn 648</a> (A648) is a very short motorway in the western part which primarily serves as a fast connection between the A 66 and the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Trade_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Trade Fair">Frankfurt Trade Fair</a>. The A5 in the west, the A3 in the south and the A661 in the northeast form a <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">ring road</a> around the inner city districts and define a <a href="/wiki/Low-emission_zone" title="Low-emission zone">Low-emission zone</a> (<i>Umweltzone</i>; established in 2008), meaning that vehicles have to meet certain emission criteria to enter the zone. </p><p>The streets of central Frankfurt are usually congested with cars during <a href="/wiki/Rush_hour" title="Rush hour">rush hour</a>. Some areas, especially around the shopping streets Zeil, Goethestraße and Freßgass, are pedestrian-only streets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway_stations">Railway stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Railway stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankfurt_Central_Station">Frankfurt Central Station</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Frankfurt Central Station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hauptbahnhof_Frankfurt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hauptbahnhof_Frankfurt.jpg/220px-Hauptbahnhof_Frankfurt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hauptbahnhof_Frankfurt.jpg/330px-Hauptbahnhof_Frankfurt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hauptbahnhof_Frankfurt.jpg/440px-Hauptbahnhof_Frankfurt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Main)_Hauptbahnhof" title="Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof">Frankfurt Central Station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof_tief_S-Bahn_S6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof_tief_S-Bahn_S6.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof_tief_S-Bahn_S6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof_tief_S-Bahn_S6.jpg/330px-Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof_tief_S-Bahn_S6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof_tief_S-Bahn_S6.jpg/440px-Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof_tief_S-Bahn_S6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> at <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Central_Station_(underground_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Central Station (underground station)">Central Station (underground)</a></figcaption></figure> <p>(<i>Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof</i>, often abbreviated as <i>Frankfurt (Main) Hbf</i> or <i>F-Hbf</i>) is the largest railway station in Germany by railway traffic. By daily passenger volume, it ranks second (493,000 each) after <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Hauptbahnhof" title="Hamburg Hauptbahnhof">Hamburg Central Station</a> (550,000). It is located between the <a href="/wiki/Gallus_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)">Gallus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gutleutviertel" title="Gutleutviertel">Gutleutviertel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bahnhofsviertel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)">Bahnhofsviertel</a> district, not far away from the trade fair and the financial district. It serves as a major hub for long-distance trains (<a href="/wiki/InterCity" title="InterCity">InterCity</a>, <a href="/wiki/InterCityExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">ICE</a>) and regional trains as well as for Frankfurt's public transport system. It is a stop for most of ICE high-speed lines, making it Germany's most important ICE station. ICE Trains to London via the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Tunnel" title="Channel Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</a> were planned for 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Main_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Main S-Bahn">Rhine-Main S-Bahn</a> lines, two <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_U-Bahn" title="Frankfurt U-Bahn">U-Bahn</a> lines (U4, U5), several tram and bus lines stop there. Regional and local trains are integrated in the Public transport system <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund" title="Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund">Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund</a> (RMV), the second-largest integrated public transport systems in the world, after <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg">Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankfurt_Airport_stations">Frankfurt Airport stations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Frankfurt Airport stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSCI0058_Flughafen_Frankfurt_Squaire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/DSCI0058_Flughafen_Frankfurt_Squaire.jpg/220px-DSCI0058_Flughafen_Frankfurt_Squaire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/DSCI0058_Flughafen_Frankfurt_Squaire.jpg/330px-DSCI0058_Flughafen_Frankfurt_Squaire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/DSCI0058_Flughafen_Frankfurt_Squaire.jpg/440px-DSCI0058_Flughafen_Frankfurt_Squaire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/ICE_3" title="ICE 3">ICE 3</a> departing westward from <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport_long-distance_station" title="Frankfurt Airport long-distance station">Frankfurt Airport long-distance station</a> underneath <a href="/wiki/The_Squaire" title="The Squaire">The Squaire</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Frankfurt Airport can be accessed by two railway stations: <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport_long-distance_station" title="Frankfurt Airport long-distance station">Frankfurt Airport long-distance station</a> (<i>Frankfurt Flughafen Fernbahnhof</i>) is only for long-distance traffic and connects the airport to the main rail network, with most of the <a href="/wiki/InterCityExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">ICE</a> services using the <a href="/wiki/Cologne-Frankfurt_high-speed_rail_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line">Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line</a>. The long-distance station is located outside the actual airport ground but has a connecting bridge for pedestrians to Terminal 1, concourse B. <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport_regional_station" title="Frankfurt Airport regional station">Frankfurt Airport regional station</a> (<i>Frankfurt Flughafen Regionalbahnhof</i>) is for local <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Main_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Main S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> trains (lines S8, S9) and regional trains. The regional station is located within Terminal 1, concourse B. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankfurt_South_station">Frankfurt South station</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Frankfurt South station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt's third long-distance station is <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_South_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt South station">Frankfurt South station</a> (<i>Frankfurt Südbahnhof</i>, often abbreviated as <i>Frankfurt (Main) Süd</i> or <i>F-Süd</i>), located in <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen</a>. It is an important destination for local trains and trams (lines 15, 16 and 18) and the terminal stop for four U-Bahn lines (U1, U2, U3, U8) as well as two S-Bahn lines (S5, S6). Two other S-Bahn lines (S3, S4) also serve the station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Messe_stations">Messe stations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: Messe stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Trade_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Trade Fair">Frankfurt Trade Fair</a> offers two railway stations: <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Messe_station" title="Frankfurt Messe station">Messe station</a> is for local <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Main_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Main S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> trains (lines S3-S6) and is centrally located amid trade fair premises, while Festhalle/Messe station is served by U-Bahn line U4 and is located at the north-east corner of the premises. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konstablerwache_station_and_Hauptwache_station">Konstablerwache station and Hauptwache station</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Konstablerwache station and Hauptwache station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two other major downtown railway stations are Konstablerwache and Hauptwache, located on each end of the Zeil. They are the main stations to change from east-to-west-bound S-Bahn trains to north-to-south-bound U-Bahn trains. Konstablerwache station is the second-busiest railway station regarding daily passenger volume (98,000) after the central station. The third-busiest railway station is Hauptwache station (93,000).<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankfurt_West_Station">Frankfurt West Station</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Frankfurt West Station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westbahnhof_Hochbahnsteig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Westbahnhof_Hochbahnsteig.jpg/220px-Westbahnhof_Hochbahnsteig.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Westbahnhof_Hochbahnsteig.jpg/330px-Westbahnhof_Hochbahnsteig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Westbahnhof_Hochbahnsteig.jpg/440px-Westbahnhof_Hochbahnsteig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/DBAG_Class_423" title="DBAG Class 423">DBAG Class 423</a> approaching the <a href="/wiki/Elevated_railway" title="Elevated railway">elevated section</a> of <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_West_station" title="Frankfurt West station">Frankfurt West station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>This Station, located in Bockenheim, is served by north-heading Long-Distance ICE trains, multiple regional trains, and four commuter S-Bahn lines (S3, S4, S5, S6). Additionally, it is an important terminal stop for three "Metrobus" lines (M32, M36, M73). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coach_stations">Coach stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Coach stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three stations for <a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">intercity bus services</a> in Frankfurt: one at the south side of the Central Station, one at the Terminal 2 of the airport and another one at Stephanstraße.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Public transport in Frankfurt am Main">Public transport in Frankfurt am Main</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Netzplan_Schienennahverkehr.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Netzplan_Schienennahverkehr.png/220px-Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Netzplan_Schienennahverkehr.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Netzplan_Schienennahverkehr.png/330px-Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Netzplan_Schienennahverkehr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Netzplan_Schienennahverkehr.png/440px-Frankfurt_am_Main_-_Netzplan_Schienennahverkehr.png 2x" data-file-width="3017" data-file-height="2994" /></a><figcaption>Public transport network</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has two <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> systems: the U-Bahn and the S-Bahn, as well as an above-ground tram system. Information about the U- and S-Bahn can be found on the website of the <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund" title="Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund">RMV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: S-Bahn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Main_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Main S-Bahn">Rhine-Main S-Bahn</a></div> <p>Nine <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> lines (S1 to S9) connect Frankfurt with the densely populated <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Rhein-Main Region">Rhine Main Region</a>. Most routes have at least 15-minute service during the day, either by one line running every 15 minutes, or by two lines servicing one route at a 30-minute interval. All lines, except line S7, run through the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_City_Tunnel" title="Frankfurt City Tunnel">Frankfurt City Tunnel</a> and serve stations at <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Ostendstra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Frankfurt Ostendstraße station">Ostendstraße</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Main)_Konstablerwache_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt (Main) Konstablerwache station">Konstablerwache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Main)_Hauptwache_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt (Main) Hauptwache station">Hauptwache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taunusanlage_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Taunusanlage station">Taunusanlage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Central_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Central Station">Frankfurt Central Station</a>. When leaving the city the S-Bahn travels above ground. It provides access to the trade fair (S3, S4, S5, S6), the airport (S8, S9), the stadium (S7, S8, S9) and nearby cities such as <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCsselsheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Rüsselsheim">Rüsselsheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oberursel" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberursel">Oberursel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bad_Homburg" title="Bad Homburg">Bad Homburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kronberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronberg">Kronberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a> and smaller towns that are on the way. The S8/S9 runs 24/7. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U-Bahn">U-Bahn</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: U-Bahn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC03475_B44_Ludwig-Landmann-Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DSC03475_B44_Ludwig-Landmann-Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg/220px-DSC03475_B44_Ludwig-Landmann-Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DSC03475_B44_Ludwig-Landmann-Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg/330px-DSC03475_B44_Ludwig-Landmann-Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DSC03475_B44_Ludwig-Landmann-Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg/440px-DSC03475_B44_Ludwig-Landmann-Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Underground line <i>U7</i> running as a <i><a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a></i> amidst <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Landmann" title="Ludwig Landmann">Ludwig-Landmann</a>-Straße in <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6delheim" title="Rödelheim">Frankfurt-Rödelheim</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_U-Bahn" title="Frankfurt U-Bahn">Frankfurt U-Bahn</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/U-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="U-Bahn">U-Bahn</a> has nine lines (U1 to U9) serving Frankfurt and the larger suburbs of Bad Homburg and Oberursel in the north. The trains that run on the U-Bahn are in fact <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a></i>) as many lines travel along a track in the middle of the street instead of underground. The minimum service interval is 2.5 minutes, although the usual pattern is that each line runs at 7.5- to 10-minute intervals, which produce between 3- and 5-minute intervals on downtown tracks shared by more than one line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tram">Tram</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section: Tram"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Trams in Frankfurt am Main">Trams in Frankfurt am Main</a></div> <p>Frankfurt has ten tram lines (11, 12, 14 to 21), with trams arriving usually every 10 minutes. Many sections are served by two lines, combining to run at 5-minute intervals during rush-hour. Trams only run above ground and serve more stops than the U-Bahn or the S-Bahn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bus">Bus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_Frankfurt_am_Main#Bus" title="Public transport in Frankfurt am Main">Public transport in Frankfurt am Main § Bus</a></div> <p>A number of bus lines complete the Frankfurt public transport system. Night buses replace U-Bahn and tram services between 1:30 am and 3:30 am.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central junction for the night bus service is at the downtown square of Konstablerwache, where all night bus lines start and end. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxis">Taxis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section: Taxis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxicabs</a> can usually be found outside the major S-Bahn and U-Bahn stations, at the central station, the south station, the airport, the trade fair and in the crowded inner-city shopping streets. The common way to obtain a taxi is to either call a taxi operator or to go to a taxi rank. However, although not the norm, one can hail a passing taxi on the street. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> ceased operations in Frankfurt on 9 November 2015 after operating in the city for 18 months.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/UberX" class="mw-redirect" title="UberX">UberX</a> and local cabs are available through the Uber app.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicycles">Bicycles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=91" title="Edit section: Bicycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Velotaxi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Frankfurt_Velotaxi.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_Velotaxi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Frankfurt_Velotaxi.jpg/330px-Frankfurt_Velotaxi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Frankfurt_Velotaxi.jpg/440px-Frankfurt_Velotaxi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Velotaxi at the Zeil</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a> makes bicycles available for hire through their <a href="/wiki/Call_a_Bike" title="Call a Bike">Call a Bike</a> service. The bicycles are stationed all over the city, including at selected railway stations. They can easily be spotted because of their eye-catching silver-red color. To rent a specific bike, riders either call a service number to get an unlock code or reserve the bike via the smartphone application. To return the bike, the rider locks it within a designated return area (and calls the service number, if not booked via the app).<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nextbike" title="Nextbike">Nextbike</a> also makes bicycles available for hire in Frankfurt. They are stationed all over the city. These can be spotted with their blue color scheme. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaws</a> (velotaxis), a type of <a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">tricycle</a> designed to carry passengers in addition to the driver, are also available. These are allowed to operate in pedestrian-only areas and are therefore practical for sightseeing. </p><p>Frankfurt has a network of cycle routes. Many long-distance bike routes into the city have cycle tracks that are separate from motor vehicle traffic. A number of downtown roads are "bicycle streets" where the cyclist has the right of way and where motorized vehicles are only allowed access if they do not disrupt the cycle users. In addition, cyclists are allowed to ride many cramped one-way streets in both directions. As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 15 percent of citizens used bicycles.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="E-Scooters">E-Scooters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=92" title="Edit section: E-Scooters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 15 June 2019, the use of <a href="/wiki/E-scooters" class="mw-redirect" title="E-scooters">e-scooters</a> was officially permitted by the German federal government. In Frankfurt, companies like <a href="/wiki/Lime_(transportation_company)" title="Lime (transportation company)">Lime</a>, TIER, <a href="/wiki/Bird_(transportation_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird (transportation company)">Bird</a>, voi., <a href="/wiki/Dott_(transportation_company)" title="Dott (transportation company)">Dott</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(company)" title="Bolt (company)">Bolt</a> are offering their electric micro mobility vehicles for lease. However, their use is being regarded with increasing weariness due to frequent abuse (parking, speeding, vandalism, accidents) and has sparked a public debate about the need of further regulation of the e-scooter market.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_institutions">Public institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=93" title="Edit section: Public institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt_Westhafen_Tower_2011a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Frankfurt_Westhafen_Tower_2011a.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_Westhafen_Tower_2011a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Frankfurt_Westhafen_Tower_2011a.jpg/330px-Frankfurt_Westhafen_Tower_2011a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Frankfurt_Westhafen_Tower_2011a.jpg/440px-Frankfurt_Westhafen_Tower_2011a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="3106" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Westhafen_Tower" title="Westhafen Tower">Westhafen Tower</a>, home to the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Insurance_and_Occupational_Pensions_Authority">European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=94" title="Edit section: European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Insurance_and_Occupational_Pensions_Authority" title="European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority">European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority</a> (EIOPA) is an institution of the EU and part of the <a href="/wiki/European_System_of_Financial_Supervisors" class="mw-redirect" title="European System of Financial Supervisors">European System of Financial Supervisors</a> that was created in response to the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a>. It was established on 1 January 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Financial_Supervisory_Authority">Federal Financial Supervisory Authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=95" title="Edit section: Federal Financial Supervisory Authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt is one of two locations of the German <a href="/wiki/Federal_Financial_Supervisory_Authority" title="Federal Financial Supervisory Authority">Federal Financial Supervisory Authority</a> (<i>Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht</i>, short: <i>BaFin</i>). The BaFin is an independent federal institution and acts as Germany's <a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">financial regulatory</a> authority. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Finance_Corporation">International Finance Corporation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=96" title="Edit section: International Finance Corporation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt is home to the German office of the <a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a> (IFC), which is part of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> Group. The IFC promotes sustainable private sector investment in <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_National_Library">German National Library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=97" title="Edit section: German National Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt is one of two sites of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">German National Library</a> (<i>Deutsche Nationalbibliothek</i>), the other being <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>. The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek is a <a href="/wiki/Universal_library" title="Universal library">universal library</a> in Germany. Its task, unique in Germany, is to collect, permanently archive, comprehensively document and record bibliographically all German and German-language publications from 1913 on, foreign publications about Germany, translations of German works and the works of German-speaking emigrants published abroad between 1933 and 1945, and to make them available to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulates">Consulates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=98" title="Edit section: Consulates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt,_Zeppelinallee_43,_griechisches_Generalkonsulat.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Frankfurt%2C_Zeppelinallee_43%2C_griechisches_Generalkonsulat.JPG/220px-Frankfurt%2C_Zeppelinallee_43%2C_griechisches_Generalkonsulat.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Frankfurt%2C_Zeppelinallee_43%2C_griechisches_Generalkonsulat.JPG/330px-Frankfurt%2C_Zeppelinallee_43%2C_griechisches_Generalkonsulat.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Frankfurt%2C_Zeppelinallee_43%2C_griechisches_Generalkonsulat.JPG/440px-Frankfurt%2C_Zeppelinallee_43%2C_griechisches_Generalkonsulat.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2505" data-file-height="1812" /></a><figcaption>Greek consulate</figcaption></figure> <p>As a profoundly international city, Frankfurt hosts 92 diplomatic missions (consulates and <a href="/wiki/Consulate-_general" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulate- general">consulates-general</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Worldwide, only New York City and <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> are non-capital cities with more foreign representation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_the_United_States_in_Frankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulate General of the United States in Frankfurt">Consulate General of the United States</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eckenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eckenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Eckenheim</a> is the largest American consulate in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts">Courts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=99" title="Edit section: Courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several courts are located in Frankfurt, including: </p> <ul><li><b>Hessisches Landesarbeitsgericht</b> (Hessian State Employment Court)<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt</b> (Higher Regional Court Frankfurt)<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Landgericht Frankfurt</b> (Regional Court Frankfurt)<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Amtsgericht Frankfurt</b> (Local Court Frankfurt)<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Sozialgericht Frankfurt</b> (Social Court Frankfurt)<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Arbeitsgericht Frankfurt</b> (Employment Court Frankfurt)<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Verwaltungsgericht Frankfurt</b> (Administration Court Frankfurt)<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=100" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities_and_schools">Universities and schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=101" title="Edit section: Universities and schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt hosts two universities and several specialist schools. The two business schools are <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University Frankfurt</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Goethe_Business_School" title="Goethe Business School">Goethe Business School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School_of_Finance_%26_Management" title="Frankfurt School of Finance & Management">Frankfurt School of Finance & Management</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe_University">Johann Wolfgang Goethe University</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=102" title="Edit section: Johann Wolfgang Goethe University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campus_Westend_Frankfurt_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Campus_Westend_Frankfurt_01.jpg/220px-Campus_Westend_Frankfurt_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Campus_Westend_Frankfurt_01.jpg/330px-Campus_Westend_Frankfurt_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Campus_Westend_Frankfurt_01.jpg/440px-Campus_Westend_Frankfurt_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Wolfgang Goethe University">Johann Wolfgang Goethe University</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest and best-known university is the <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Wolfgang Goethe University">Johann Wolfgang Goethe University</a>, with locations in Bockenheim, Westend, and Riedberg, and the university hospital in Niederrad. <a href="/wiki/Goethe_Business_School" title="Goethe Business School">Goethe Business School</a> is part of the university's <a href="/wiki/House_of_Finance" title="House of Finance">House of Finance</a> at Campus Westend. The Business School's Full-Time MBA program has over 70% international students. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankfurt_University_of_Applied_Sciences">Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=103" title="Edit section: Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences">Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences</a> was created out of several older organisations in 1971, and offers over 38 study areas, in the arts, sciences, engineering and law. Some of the most important research projects: Planet Earth Simulator, <a href="/wiki/FraLine" title="FraLine">FraLine</a>-IT-School-Service, quantitative analysis of <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> in human corpses with the help of a mass spectrometer, software engineering (e.g., fraDesk), analysis of qualitative and quantitative gas in human lungs, long-term studies on <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a> modules (to name only a few). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankfurt_School_of_Finance_and_Management">Frankfurt School of Finance and Management</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=104" title="Edit section: Frankfurt School of Finance and Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is also home to a business school, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School_of_Finance_%26_Management" title="Frankfurt School of Finance & Management">Frankfurt School of Finance & Management</a>, formerly known as the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hochschule für Bankwirtschaft</i></span></i> (Institution of Higher Learning for Banking Economics), with its new campus near Deutsche Nationalbibliothek U-Bahn stop (recently moving from its previous location in the Ostend (Eastend) neighborhood). In 2001, it became a specialist institution for Economics and Management, or FOM. Frankfurt School is consistently ranked among the best business schools in the world, attributed to its high research output and quality of undergraduate and graduate training.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Städelschule"><span id="St.C3.A4delschule"></span>Städelschule</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=105" title="Edit section: Städelschule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt has the State Institution of Higher Learning for Artistic Education known as the <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4delschule" title="Städelschule">Städelschule</a>, founded in 1817 by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_St%C3%A4del" title="Johann Friedrich Städel">Johann Friedrich Städel</a>. It was taken over by the city in 1942 and turned into a state art school. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music_schools_and_conservatory">Music schools and conservatory</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=106" title="Edit section: Music schools and conservatory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Music institutions are the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_University_of_Music_and_Performing_Arts" title="Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts">Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hoch_Conservatory" title="Hoch Conservatory">Hoch Conservatory</a> (Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium) which was founded in 1878. The International <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_Modern" title="Ensemble Modern">Ensemble Modern</a> Academy is a significant institution for the study of contemporary music.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_notable_schools">Other notable schools</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=107" title="Edit section: Other notable schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Georgen_Graduate_School_of_Philosophy_and_Theology" title="Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology">Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology</a> (German:<i>Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen</i>), a private institution with membership in the German Jesuit Association, has been located in <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen</a> since 1950. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education_and_media">Education and media</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=108" title="Edit section: Education and media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt schools rank among the best-equipped schools nationwide for the availability of PCs and other media facilities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In order to assure maintenance and support of the school PCs, the city in cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Applied_Sciences_Giessen-Friedberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg">University of Applied Sciences</a> launched the project <a href="/wiki/Fraline" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraline">Fraline</a> – IT-Schul-Service, an initiative employing students to provide basic school IT-support.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_institutes">Research institutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=109" title="Edit section: Research institutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research_at_Night_of_Science_2018_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research_at_Night_of_Science_2018_%281%29.jpg/220px-Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research_at_Night_of_Science_2018_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research_at_Night_of_Science_2018_%281%29.jpg/330px-Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research_at_Night_of_Science_2018_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research_at_Night_of_Science_2018_%281%29.jpg/440px-Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research_at_Night_of_Science_2018_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Brain Research">Max Planck Institute for Brain Research</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city is home to three <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Society" title="Max Planck Society">Max Planck Society</a> institutes: the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Legal_History_and_Legal_Theory" title="Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory">Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biophysics" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Institute for Biophysics">Max Planck Institute for Biophysics</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Brain Research">Max Planck Institute for Brain Research</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies" title="Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies">Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies</a>, sponsored by several institutional and private sources, is involved in theoretical research in physics, chemistry, neuroscience, and computer science. </p><p>Frankfurt is host to the <i>Römisch-Germanische-Kommission</i> (RGK), the <a href="/wiki/German_Archaeological_Institute" title="German Archaeological Institute">German Archaeological Institute</a> branch for <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistoric archeology</a> in Germany and Europe. The RGK is involved in a variety of research projects. Its library, with over 200,000 items, is one of the largest archeological libraries in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences">Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences</a> are involved in the Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence ("hessian.AI"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trade_unions_and_associations">Trade unions and associations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=110" title="Edit section: Trade unions and associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ig-metall-haus-2010-ffm-028.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ig-metall-haus-2010-ffm-028.jpg/220px-Ig-metall-haus-2010-ffm-028.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ig-metall-haus-2010-ffm-028.jpg/330px-Ig-metall-haus-2010-ffm-028.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ig-metall-haus-2010-ffm-028.jpg/440px-Ig-metall-haus-2010-ffm-028.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2654" data-file-height="3604" /></a><figcaption>Main Forum, home to <a href="/wiki/IG_Metall" title="IG Metall">IG Metall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Frankfurt is home to multiple trade unions and associations, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IG_Metall" title="IG Metall">IG Metall</a>, Germany's largest <a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">metalworkers</a> trade union, based at the Main Forum high-rise building in the <a href="/wiki/Gutleutviertel_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutleutviertel (Frankfurt am Main)">Gutleutviertel</a> district</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IG_Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt" title="IG Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt">IG Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt</a>, a union for <a href="/wiki/Construction_worker" title="Construction worker">construction</a> and engineering workers,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_and_Science_Workers%27_Union_(Germany)" title="Education and Science Workers' Union (Germany)">Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft</a>, a union for teachers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gewerkschaft_Deutscher_Lokomotivf%C3%BChrer" title="Gewerkschaft Deutscher Lokomotivführer">Gewerkschaft Deutscher Lokomotivführer</a>, a union for <a href="/wiki/Railroad_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad engineer">train drivers</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">Trade associations</a> include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verband_der_Elektrotechnik,_Elektronik_und_Informationstechnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik">Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik</a> (Electrotechnical, Electronic and Information Technology Association)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECHEMA" title="DECHEMA">DECHEMA Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie</a> (Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Association)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rsenverein_des_Deutschen_Buchhandels" title="Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels">Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels</a>, which organizes the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Book_Fair" title="Frankfurt Book Fair">Frankfurt Book Fair</a></li> <li>Bundesverband des Deutschen Versandhandels (German Mail Order Industry Association)</li> <li>Verband der Chemischen Industrie (Chemical Industry Association)</li> <li>Verband der Photoindustrie (Photography Industry Association)</li> <li>Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau (German Machine and Equipment Building Association)</li> <li>Verband der Köche Deutschlands (German Cooks Association)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=111" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=112" title="Edit section: Newspapers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FAZ_Building_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/FAZ_Building_2.jpg/220px-FAZ_Building_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/FAZ_Building_2.jpg/330px-FAZ_Building_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/FAZ_Building_2.jpg/440px-FAZ_Building_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Editorial department building of <i>Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Two important daily newspapers are published. The conservative <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i>, also known as <i>FAZ</i>, was founded in 1949 and is the German newspaper with the widest circulation outside of Germany, with its editors claiming to deliver the newspaper to 148 countries every day. The FAZ has a circulation of over 380,000 copies daily. The other important newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Rundschau" title="Frankfurter Rundschau">Frankfurter Rundschau</a></i>, was first published in 1945 and has a daily circulation of over 181,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magazines">Magazines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=113" title="Edit section: Magazines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several magazines also originate from Frankfurt. The local <i>Journal Frankfurt</i> is the best-known magazine for events, parties, and "insider tips". <i>Öko-Test</i> is a consumer-oriented magazine that focuses on ecological topics. <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(magazine)" title="Titanic (magazine)"><i>Titanic</i></a> is a well-known and often criticized <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirical</a> magazine with a circulation of approximately 100,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_and_TV">Radio and TV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=114" title="Edit section: Radio and TV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt's first radio station was the Südwestdeutsche Rundfunkdienst AG (Southwest German Broadcast Service), founded in 1924. Its successor service is the public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Hessischer_Rundfunk" title="Hessischer Rundfunk">Hessischer Rundfunk</a> (Hessian Broadcast Service). It is located at the "<a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House_Dornbusch" title="Broadcasting House Dornbusch">Funkhaus am Dornbusch</a>" in the <a href="/wiki/Dornbusch_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Dornbusch (Frankfurt am Main)">Dornbusch</a> district and is one of the most important radio and television <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasters</a> in Hesse, with additional studios in <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg TV">Bloomberg TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/RTL_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="RTL Television">RTL Television</a> have regional studios. </p><p>Other radio broadcasters include Main FM and Radio X. </p><p>From August 1945 to October 2004, the <a href="/wiki/American_Forces_Network" title="American Forces Network">American Forces Network</a> (AFN) had broadcast from Frankfurt (<a href="/wiki/AFN_Frankfurt" title="AFN Frankfurt">AFN Frankfurt</a>). Due to troop reductions the AFN's location has been closed with AFN now broadcasting from <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News_agency">News agency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=115" title="Edit section: News agency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frankfurt is home to the German office of <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, a global <a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">news agency</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> and US-based international news agency Feature Story News have bureaux in Frankfurt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=116" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Match_Frankfurt_-_Marseille_in_November_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Match_Frankfurt_-_Marseille_in_November_2018.jpg/220px-Match_Frankfurt_-_Marseille_in_November_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Match_Frankfurt_-_Marseille_in_November_2018.jpg/330px-Match_Frankfurt_-_Marseille_in_November_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Match_Frankfurt_-_Marseille_in_November_2018.jpg/440px-Match_Frankfurt_-_Marseille_in_November_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Waldstadion_(Frankfurt)" title="Waldstadion (Frankfurt)">Waldstadion</a> (As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> known as the <i>Deutsche Bank Park</i>), home of the football club <a href="/wiki/Eintracht_Frankfurt" title="Eintracht Frankfurt">Eintracht Frankfurt</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Frankfurt is home to several professional sports teams. Some of them have won German Championships. E.g. the <a href="/wiki/Skyliners_Frankfurt" title="Skyliners Frankfurt">Skyliners Frankfurt</a> won the <a href="/wiki/German_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="German Basketball Championship">German Basketball Championship</a> in 2004 and the <a href="/wiki/German_Basketball_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="German Basketball Cup">German Cup</a> in 2000. Women's side <a href="/wiki/Eintracht_Frankfurt_(women)" title="Eintracht Frankfurt (women)">1. FFC Frankfurt</a> (merged with Eintracht Frankfurt in 2020) are Germany's record title-holders; <a href="/wiki/Eintracht_Frankfurt" title="Eintracht Frankfurt">Eintracht Frankfurt</a> are one-time German champions, five-times winners of the <a href="/wiki/DFB-Pokal" title="DFB-Pokal">DFB-Pokal</a>, and winners of the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="UEFA Cup">UEFA Cup</a> in 1980 and the <a href="/wiki/Europa_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa League">Europa League</a> in 2022. Frankfurt hosts the following sports teams or clubs: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skyliners_Frankfurt" title="Skyliners Frankfurt">Skyliners Frankfurt</a>, Basketball</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Galaxy_(ELF)" title="Frankfurt Galaxy (ELF)">Frankfurt Galaxy</a>, <a href="/wiki/NFL_Europe" title="NFL Europe">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Universe" title="Frankfurt Universe">Frankfurt Universe</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Football_League" title="German Football League">American football</a></li> <li>Frankfurt Pirates, <a href="/wiki/German_Football_League" title="German Football League">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Sarsfields_GAA" title="Frankfurt Sarsfields GAA">Frankfurt Sarsfields GAA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Lions" title="Frankfurt Lions">Frankfurt Lions</a> (until 2010), <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6wen_Frankfurt" title="Löwen Frankfurt">Löwen Frankfurt</a> (since 2010), <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SC_1880_Frankfurt" title="SC 1880 Frankfurt">SC 1880 Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eintracht_Frankfurt_(women)" title="Eintracht Frankfurt (women)">Eintracht Frankfurt</a>, Football (women)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eintracht_Frankfurt" title="Eintracht Frankfurt">Eintracht Frankfurt</a>, Football (men)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FSV_Frankfurt" title="FSV Frankfurt">FSV Frankfurt</a>, Football (men)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rot-Weiss_Frankfurt" title="Rot-Weiss Frankfurt">Rot-Weiss Frankfurt</a>, Football</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_FC_Germania_1894" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurter FC Germania 1894">Frankfurter FC Germania 1894</a>, Football</li></ul> </div> <p>Frankfurt is host to the <a href="/wiki/Classic_cycle_races" title="Classic cycle races">classic cycle</a> race <a href="/wiki/Eschborn-Frankfurt_City_Loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Eschborn-Frankfurt City Loop">Eschborn-Frankfurt City Loop</a> (known as <i>Rund um den Henninger-Turm</i> from 1961 to 2008). The city hosts also the annual <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Marathon" title="Frankfurt Marathon">Frankfurt Marathon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ironman_Germany" title="Ironman Germany">Ironman Germany</a>. In addition to the former, it is one of 13 global host locations to the J.P. Morgan Corporate Challenge, Germany's biggest corporate sports event. Rhein-Main Eissport Club forms the base of the German <a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">bandy</a> community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sights_in_the_Frankfurt_Rhein-Main_area">Sights in the Frankfurt Rhein-Main area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=117" title="Edit section: Sights in the Frankfurt Rhein-Main area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurhaus_Wiesbaden_blaue_Stunde_290-L4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kurhaus_Wiesbaden_blaue_Stunde_290-L4.jpg/220px-Kurhaus_Wiesbaden_blaue_Stunde_290-L4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kurhaus_Wiesbaden_blaue_Stunde_290-L4.jpg/330px-Kurhaus_Wiesbaden_blaue_Stunde_290-L4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kurhaus_Wiesbaden_blaue_Stunde_290-L4.jpg/440px-Kurhaus_Wiesbaden_blaue_Stunde_290-L4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption>Wiesbaden Kurhaus with the Casino</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saalburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Saalburg.jpg/220px-Saalburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Saalburg.jpg/330px-Saalburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Saalburg.jpg/440px-Saalburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> army camp <a href="/wiki/Saalburg" title="Saalburg">Saalburg</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BChltal_-_Burg_Frankenstein_11_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M%C3%BChltal_-_Burg_Frankenstein_11_ies.jpg/220px-M%C3%BChltal_-_Burg_Frankenstein_11_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M%C3%BChltal_-_Burg_Frankenstein_11_ies.jpg/330px-M%C3%BChltal_-_Burg_Frankenstein_11_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M%C3%BChltal_-_Burg_Frankenstein_11_ies.jpg/440px-M%C3%BChltal_-_Burg_Frankenstein_11_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The real <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Castle" title="Frankenstein Castle">Frankenstein Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limmeuble_Waldspirale_(Darmstadt)_(7954668126).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Limmeuble_Waldspirale_%28Darmstadt%29_%287954668126%29.jpg/220px-Limmeuble_Waldspirale_%28Darmstadt%29_%287954668126%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Limmeuble_Waldspirale_%28Darmstadt%29_%287954668126%29.jpg/330px-Limmeuble_Waldspirale_%28Darmstadt%29_%287954668126%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Limmeuble_Waldspirale_%28Darmstadt%29_%287954668126%29.jpg/440px-Limmeuble_Waldspirale_%28Darmstadt%29_%287954668126%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Waldspirale" title="Waldspirale">Waldspirale</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Besides the tourist attractions in central Frankfurt many internationally famous sites are within 80 km (50 mi) of the city, such as: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North">North</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=118" title="Edit section: North"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taunus" title="Taunus">Taunus mountain range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany">World Heritage Site</a> <a href="/wiki/Saalburg" title="Saalburg">Roman Empire Army Camp Saalburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany">World Heritage Site</a> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Germanic-Rhaetian_Limes" title="Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes">Limes</a> (former northern border of the Roman Empire)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Homburg_vor_der_H%C3%B6he" class="mw-redirect" title="Bad Homburg vor der Höhe">Bad Homburg vor der Höhe</a> with its famous <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Nauheim" title="Bad Nauheim">Bad Nauheim</a> <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> memorial</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessenpark" title="Hessenpark">Hessenpark</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West">West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=119" title="Edit section: West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a> with its <a href="/wiki/Kurhaus,_Wiesbaden" title="Kurhaus, Wiesbaden">Kurhaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staatstheater_Wiesbaden" class="mw-redirect" title="Staatstheater Wiesbaden">State Theater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neroberg" title="Neroberg">Neroberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">Casino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany">World Heritage Site</a> <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCdesheim_am_Rhein" title="Rüdesheim am Rhein">Rüdesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheingau" title="Rheingau">Rheingau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberbach_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Eberbach Monastery">Eberbach Monastery</a> (the original movie set of the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Name_of_the_Rose" title="The Name of the Rose">The Name of the Rose</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Rhine valley">Rhine Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany">World Heritage Site</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Gorge" title="Rhine Gorge">Rhine Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="River Rhine">River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinhessen_wine_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheinhessen wine region">Rheinhessen wine region</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East">East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=120" title="Edit section: East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Leather Museum <a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a> <a href="/wiki/Grimm_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Grimm Brothers">Grimm Brothers</a> Summer Festival</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Fairy_Tale_Route" title="German Fairy Tale Route">German Fairy Tale Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spessart" title="Spessart">Spessart</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South">South</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=121" title="Edit section: South"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany">World Heritage Site</a> <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Artists%27_Colony" title="Darmstadt Artists' Colony">Mathildenhöhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldspirale" title="Waldspirale">Waldspirale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Chapel_in_Darmstadt" title="Russian Chapel in Darmstadt">The former private chapel of the last Tsar of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortex_Garten" class="mw-redirect" title="Vortex Garten">Vortex Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany">World Heritage Site</a> <a href="/wiki/Messel_pit" class="mw-redirect" title="Messel pit">Messel pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odenwald" title="Odenwald">Odenwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergstra%C3%9Fe_Route" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergstraße Route">Bergstrasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyards" class="mw-redirect" title="Vineyards">Vineyards</a> at <a href="/wiki/Heppenheim" title="Heppenheim">Heppenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Castle" title="Frankenstein Castle">Frankenstein Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=122" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox 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population">List of cities in Germany by population</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=123" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">an dem → am</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">after <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Hamburg, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=124" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Süddeutsche.de-2022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Süddeutsche.de-2022_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/kommunen-frankfurt-am-main-frankfurter-oberbuergermeister-feldmann-endgueltig-abgewaehlt-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-221110-99-469525">"Frankfurter Oberbürgermeister Feldmann endgültig abgewählt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche.de" class="mw-redirect" title="Süddeutsche.de">Süddeutsche.de</a></i> (in German). 11 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221111150611/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/kommunen-frankfurt-am-main-frankfurter-oberbuergermeister-feldmann-endgueltig-abgewaehlt-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-221110-99-469525">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche.de&rft.atitle=Frankfurter+Oberb%C3%BCrgermeister+Feldmann+endg%C3%BCltig+abgew%C3%A4hlt&rft.date=2022-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fpanorama%2Fkommunen-frankfurt-am-main-frankfurter-oberbuergermeister-feldmann-endgueltig-abgewaehlt-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-221110-99-469525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Regional_Monitoring_2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Regional_Monitoring_2015_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.region-frankfurt.de/media/custom/2629_303_1.PDF?1469180764">Regional Monitoring 2015. Facts and Figures – FrankfurtRheinMain Metropolitan Region</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131184232/http://www.region-frankfurt.de/media/custom/2629_303_1.PDF?1469180764">Archived</a> 31 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 18 January 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_FrankfurtRheinMain_region-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_FrankfurtRheinMain_region_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.region-frankfurt.de/Regional-Authority/Facts-and-figures?La=2">The FrankfurtRheinMain region – facts and figures</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131184241/http://www.region-frankfurt.de/Regional-Authority/Facts-and-figures?La=2">Archived</a> 31 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 18 January 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-06/ai2_j2022_bevoelkerung_tabelle_2.xlsx">"Bevölkerung in Hessen am 31.12.2022 nach Gemeinden"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Hessisches_Statistisches_Landesamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt">Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt</a>. June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+in+Hessen+am+31.12.2022+nach+Gemeinden&rft.pub=Hessisches+Statistisches+Landesamt&rft.date=2023-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Fsites%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Ffiles%2F2023-06%2Fai2_j2022_bevoelkerung_tabelle_2.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hessian_dialects" title="Hessian dialects">Hessian</a>: <span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Frangford am Maa</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈfʁɑŋfɔɐ̯t<span class="wrap"> </span>am<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈmãː]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeil" class="citation web cs1">Keil, Carsten. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frankfurterisch.org/woerterbuch">"Frankfurter Aussprachewörterbuch"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230313181946/https://frankfurterisch.org/woerterbuch">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankfurter+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch&rft.aulast=Keil&rft.aufirst=Carsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrankfurterisch.org%2Fwoerterbuch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.henleyglobal.com/publications/wealthiest-cities">"Worlds Wealthiest Cities 2023"</a>. <i>Henley & Partners</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418081544/https://www.henleyglobal.com/publications/wealthiest-cities">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Henley+%26+Partners&rft.atitle=Worlds+Wealthiest+Cities+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.henleyglobal.com%2Fpublications%2Fwealthiest-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Internetredaktion-2012-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Internetredaktion-2012_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Internetredaktion-2012_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternetredaktion2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Internetredaktion (23 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110101073333/http://bundesbank.de/download/hv/frankfurt/bankenplatz_frankfurt.pdf">"Bundesbank: Bankenplatz Frankfurt"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). Bundesbank.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bundesbank.de/download/hv/frankfurt/bankenplatz_frankfurt.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bundesbank%3A+Bankenplatz+Frankfurt&rft.pub=Bundesbank.de&rft.date=2012-05-23&rft.au=Internetredaktion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesbank.de%2Fdownload%2Fhv%2Ffrankfurt%2Fbankenplatz_frankfurt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_World_According_to_GaWC_Archived_30_November_2012_at_the_Wayback_Machine-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_World_According_to_GaWC_Archived_30_November_2012_at_the_Wayback_Machine_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/gawcworlds.html">The World According to GaWC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130081552/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/gawcworlds.html">Archived</a> 30 November 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". GaWC. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bahnhof-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bahnhof_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bahnhof.de/site/bahnhoefe/de/sued/frankfurt__hbf/daten__und__fakten/daten__und__fakten__.html">Bahnhof.de Frankfurt Hbf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120215053841/http://www.bahnhof.de/site/bahnhoefe/de/sued/frankfurt__hbf/daten__und__fakten/daten__und__fakten__.html">Archived</a> 15 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 27 September 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strassenwaerter_Archived_2_May_2005_at_the_Wayback_Machine-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strassenwaerter_Archived_2_May_2005_at_the_Wayback_Machine_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strassenwaerter.de/strassen_und_autobahnmeisterei_frankfurt.htm">Strassenwaerter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050502202449/http://www.strassenwaerter.de/strassen_und_autobahnmeisterei_frankfurt.htm">Archived</a> 2 May 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mercer-2011-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mercer-2011_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502132638/http://www.mercer.com/referencecontent.htm?idContent=1173105#Top_50_cities:_Quality_of_living">"Mercer's Survey 2011"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)" title="Mercer (consulting firm)">Mercer</a>. 29 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercer.com/referencecontent.htm?idContent=1173105#Top_50_cities:_Quality_of_living">the original</a> on 2 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mercer%27s+Survey+2011&rft.pub=Mercer&rft.date=2011-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercer.com%2Freferencecontent.htm%3FidContent%3D1173105%23Top_50_cities%3A_Quality_of_living&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Economist-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Economist_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219231307/http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/15/worlds-most-expensive-place-to-live/?hpt=ieu_t4">"World's most expensive place to live is..."</a> <i>The Economist</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/15/worlds-most-expensive-place-to-live/?hpt=ieu_t4">the original</a> on 19 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=World%27s+most+expensive+place+to+live+is...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.blogs.cnn.com%2F2012%2F02%2F15%2Fworlds-most-expensive-place-to-live%2F%3Fhpt%3Dieu_t4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dovid Solomon Ganz, <i>Tzemach David</i> (part 2), Warsaw 1859, p. 13b (Hebrew); Polish name of book: <i>Cemahc Dawid</i>; cf. J.M. Wallace-Hadrill, <i>Fredegar and the History of France</i>, University of Manchester, n.d. pp. 536–538.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom2006" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&pg=PA135"><i>Placenames of the world</i></a>. McFarland. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2248-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2248-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-2248-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722025846/http://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&lpg=PA135&pg=PA135">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Placenames+of+the+world&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM1JIPAN-eJ4C%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leiza.de/en/research/project-4/the-onset-of-urbanisation-in-the-rhine-main-region-6000-years-ago">"LEIZA: The onset of urbanisation in the Rhine-Main region 6,000 years ago"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313223529/https://www.leiza.de/en/research/project-4/the-onset-of-urbanisation-in-the-rhine-main-region-6000-years-ago">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LEIZA%3A+The+onset+of+urbanisation+in+the+Rhine-Main+region+6%2C000+years+ago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leiza.de%2Fen%2Fresearch%2Fproject-4%2Fthe-onset-of-urbanisation-in-the-rhine-main-region-6000-years-ago&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolf_Grosse2014" class="citation book cs1">Rolf Grosse (2014). <i>Du royaume franc aux origines de la France et de l'Allemagne 800–1214</i>. Presses Universitaires du Septentrion. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Du+royaume+franc+aux+origines+de+la+France+et+de+l%27Allemagne+800%E2%80%931214&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+du+Septentrion&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Rolf+Grosse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohr1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Richard_Mohr" title="Albert Richard Mohr">Mohr, Albert Richard</a> (1967). "Abel Seyler und seine Verdienste um das Frankfurter Theaterleben". <i>Frankfurter Theater von der Wandertruppe zum Komödienhaus: ein Beitrag zur Theatergeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts</i>. Frankfurt am Main: Kramer. pp. 66–81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abel+Seyler+und+seine+Verdienste+um+das+Frankfurter+Theaterleben&rft.btitle=Frankfurter+Theater+von+der+Wandertruppe+zum+Kom%C3%B6dienhaus%3A+ein+Beitrag+zur+Theatergeschichte+des+18.+Jahrhunderts&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.pages=66-81&rft.pub=Kramer&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Mohr&rft.aufirst=Albert+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadtgeschichte-ffm.de/service/chronik/chronik_5_2_e.html">Chronology: Emergence of a Modern City 1866–1945</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085810/http://www.stadtgeschichte-ffm.de/service/chronik/chronik_5_2_e.html">Archived</a> 19 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 10 June 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"French march into Germany". <i>The Times</i>. 7 April 1920. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=French+march+into+Germany&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1920-04-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span> "The French commander issued a notice to the public informing them that the occupation was consequent upon the German advance in the Ruhr contrary to the Peace Treaty."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frankfurt-tourismus.de-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frankfurt-tourismus.de_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frankfurt-tourismus.de_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/Entdecken-und-Erleben/Sehenswertes/Juedisches-Frankfurt/Juedische-Geschichte">"Jüdische Geschichte"</a>. <i>frankfurt-tourismus.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171238/https://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/Entdecken-und-Erleben/Sehenswertes/Juedisches-Frankfurt/Juedische-Geschichte">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=frankfurt-tourismus.de&rft.atitle=J%C3%BCdische+Geschichte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankfurt-tourismus.de%2FEntdecken-und-Erleben%2FSehenswertes%2FJuedisches-Frankfurt%2FJuedische-Geschichte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1478">"Frauenjugendgefängnis Frankfurt-Preungesheim"</a>. <i>Bundesarchiv.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240819053746/https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1478">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesarchiv.de&rft.atitle=Frauenjugendgef%C3%A4ngnis+Frankfurt-Preungesheim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Fzwangsarbeit%2Fhaftstaetten%2Findex.php%3Faction%3D2.2%26tab%3D7%26id%3D1478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1473">"Lager für Sinti und Roma Frankfurt am Main"</a>. <i>Bundesarchiv.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240819053659/https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1473">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesarchiv.de&rft.atitle=Lager+f%C3%BCr+Sinti+und+Roma+Frankfurt+am+Main&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Fzwangsarbeit%2Fhaftstaetten%2Findex.php%3Faction%3D2.2%26tab%3D7%26id%3D1473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegargeeOvermansVogt2022" class="citation book cs1">Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). <i>The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV</i>. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1"><bdi>978-0-253-06089-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum+Encyclopedia+of+Camps+and+Ghettos+1933%E2%80%931945.+Volume+IV&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press%2C+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-253-06089-1&rft.aulast=Megargee&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&rft.au=Overmans%2C+R%C3%BCdiger&rft.au=Vogt%2C+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090423004151/http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html">"Anlage zu § 1. Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html">the original</a> on 23 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anlage+zu+%C2%A7+1.+Verzeichnis+der+Konzentrationslager+und+ihrer+Au%C3%9Fenkommandos+gem%C3%A4%C3%9F+%C2%A7+42+Abs.+2+BEG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbundesrecht.juris.de%2Fbegdv_6%2Fanlage_6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanton2006" class="citation book cs1">Stanton, Shelby (2006). <i>World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946</i> (2nd ed.). Stackpole Books. pp. 57, 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780811701570" title="Special:BookSources/9780811701570"><bdi>9780811701570</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+Order+of+Battle%3A+An+Encyclopedic+Reference+to+U.S.+Army+Ground+Forces+from+Battalion+through+Division%2C+1939%E2%80%931946&rft.pages=57%2C+84&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780811701570&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=Shelby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zensus2011.de-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zensus2011.de_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zensus2011.de_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4">"Gebäude- und Wohnungsbestand in Deutschland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329165923/https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geb%C3%A4ude-+und+Wohnungsbestand+in+Deutschland&rft.pub=Statistische+%C3%84mter+des+Bundes+und+der+L%C3%A4nder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzensus2011.de%2FSharedDocs%2FDownloads%2FDE%2FPublikationen%2FAufsaetze_Archiv%2F2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf%3F__blob%3DpublicationFile%26v%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goitein, S.D. <i>A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Vol. I – Economic Foundations</i>. University of California Press, 2000, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/DEU_Port_of_Frankfurt_2769.php">"Port of Frankfurt"</a>. <i>World Port Source</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180329121635/http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/DEU_Port_of_Frankfurt_2769.php">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Port+Source&rft.atitle=Port+of+Frankfurt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldportsource.com%2Fports%2Freview%2FDEU_Port_of_Frankfurt_2769.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014170007/http://frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=2835">"Stadtteile"</a>. Frankfurt.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=2835">the original</a> on 14 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stadtteile&rft.pub=Frankfurt.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankfurt.de%2Fsixcms%2Fdetail.php%3Fid%3D2835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZajonz2019" class="citation news cs1">Zajonz, Moritz (28 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/schneevergleich-fuer-deutsche-staedte-so-viel-schneit-es-bei-ihnen-1.4348735">"Winter-Bilanz: Schnee-Vergleich für Deutsche Städte"</a>. <i>Süddeutsche.de</i>. sueddeutsche.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240819053700/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/schneevergleich-fuer-deutsche-staedte-so-viel-schneit-es-bei-ihnen-1.4348735">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche.de&rft.atitle=Winter-Bilanz%3A+Schnee-Vergleich+f%C3%BCr+Deutsche+St%C3%A4dte.&rft.date=2019-02-28&rft.aulast=Zajonz&rft.aufirst=Moritz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fwissen%2Fschneevergleich-fuer-deutsche-staedte-so-viel-schneit-es-bei-ihnen-1.4348735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118202137/https://frankfurt.de/english/sightseeing/gardens/nizza">"Nizza, Stadt Frankfurt am Main"</a>. frankfurt.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frankfurt.de/english/discover-and-experience/sightseeing/gardens/nizza">the original</a> on 18 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nizza%2C+Stadt+Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.pub=frankfurt.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrankfurt.de%2Fenglish%2Fdiscover-and-experience%2Fsightseeing%2Fgardens%2Fnizza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/">"Index of /Climate_environment/CDC/"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a></i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531092708/https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutscher+Wetterdienst&rft.atitle=Index+of+%2FClimate_environment%2FCDC%2F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopendata.dwd.de%2Fclimate_environment%2FCDC%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCEI-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCEI_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCEI_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/FrankfurtMain_10637.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Frankfurt Main"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span>. <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240819053658/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/FrankfurtMain_10637.csv">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991-2020%3A+Frankfurt+Main&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FGermany%2FCSV%2FFrankfurtMain_10637.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/francfort/valeurs/10637.html">"Climatologie de l'année à Francfort"</a> (in French). Infoclimat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019145512/https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/francfort/valeurs/10637.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatologie+de+l%27ann%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+Francfort&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie%2Fannee%2F1991%2Ffrancfort%2Fvaleurs%2F10637.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weather_Atlas-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weather_Atlas_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/frankfurt-climate">"Frankfurt, Germany – Climate data"</a>. Weather Atlas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170415202640/http://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/frankfurt-climate">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankfurt%2C+Germany+%E2%80%93+Climate+data&rft.pub=Weather+Atlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-atlas.com%2Fen%2Fgermany%2Ffrankfurt-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620102131/https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/Statistisches%20Jahrbuch%202017.pdf">"Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Frankfurt am Main 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/Statistisches%20Jahrbuch%202017.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistisches+Jahrbuch+der+Stadt+Frankfurt+am+Main+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankfurt.de%2Fsixcms%2Fmedia.php%2F678%2FStatistisches%2520Jahrbuch%25202017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/322491/umfrage/entwicklung-der-gesamtbevoelkerung-in-frankfurt-am-main/">"Frankfurt am Main – Einwohnerzahl bis 2019"</a>. <i>Statista</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191001122040/https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/322491/umfrage/entwicklung-der-gesamtbevoelkerung-in-frankfurt-am-main/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Frankfurt+am+Main+%E2%80%93+Einwohnerzahl+bis+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fde.statista.com%2Fstatistik%2Fdaten%2Fstudie%2F322491%2Fumfrage%2Fentwicklung-der-gesamtbevoelkerung-in-frankfurt-am-main%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-European_Union-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-European_Union_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085823/http://www.staedtestatistik.de/fileadmin/urban-audit/pdf/EU_stateofcities_2007.pdf">"European Union: State of European Cities Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Union%3A+State+of+European+Cities+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.staedtestatistik.de%2Ffileadmin%2Furban-audit%2Fpdf%2FEU_stateofcities_2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved 22 April 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fnews%2F2020-11%2F20%2Fprognose-frankfurt-gewinnt-weiter-viele-einwohner">"Prognose: Frankfurt gewinnt weiter viele Einwohner"</a>. <i>ZEIT Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201120121538/https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fnews%2F2020-11%2F20%2Fprognose-frankfurt-gewinnt-weiter-viele-einwohner">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZEIT+Online&rft.atitle=Prognose%3A+Frankfurt+gewinnt+weiter+viele+Einwohner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fzustimmung%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.zeit.de%252Fnews%252F2020-11%252F20%252Fprognose-frankfurt-gewinnt-weiter-viele-einwohner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorida2015" class="citation web cs1">Florida, Richard (10 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-10/maps-of-where-the-global-super-rich-live">"Mapping the Global Super-Rich"</a>. <i>www.bloomberg.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122193119/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-10/maps-of-where-the-global-super-rich-live">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Mapping+the+Global+Super-Rich&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.aulast=Florida&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2015-03-10%2Fmaps-of-where-the-global-super-rich-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhiraj2018" class="citation web cs1">Dhiraj, Prof Dr Amarendra Bhushan (12 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ceoworld.biz/2018/02/12/worlds-15-richest-cities-in-2017-new-york-london-and-tokyo-tops-list/">"World's 15 Richest Cities In 2017: New York, London, And Tokyo, Tops List"</a>. <i>CEOWORLD magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181110200225/https://ceoworld.biz/2018/02/12/worlds-15-richest-cities-in-2017-new-york-london-and-tokyo-tops-list/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(Text in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111114102620/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/JB2009_Kap07x.pdf">"<i>Statistisches Jahrbuch Frankfurt am Main 2009</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/JB2009_Kap07x.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistisches+Jahrbuch+Frankfurt+am+Main+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankfurt.de%2Fsixcms%2Fmedia.php%2F678%2FJB2009_Kap07x.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_Frankfurt_am_Main_2010-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_Frankfurt_am_Main_2010_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_Frankfurt_am_Main_2010_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistisches_Jahrbuch_Frankfurt_am_Main_2010_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111114095545/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/JB2010_Kap02x.pdf">"<i>Statistisches Jahrbuch Frankfurt am Main 2010</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/JB2010_Kap02x.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistisches+Jahrbuch+Frankfurt+am+Main+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankfurt.de%2Fsixcms%2Fmedia.php%2F678%2FJB2010_Kap02x.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/warum-der-auslaenderanteil-in-frankfurt-am-main-so-hoch-ist-15078140.html">"Mehr als die Hälfte mit ausländischen Wurzeln"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i> (in German). 26 June 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0174-4909">0174-4909</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107134323/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/warum-der-auslaenderanteil-in-frankfurt-am-main-so-hoch-ist-15078140.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Mehr+als+die+H%C3%A4lfte+mit+ausl%C3%A4ndischen+Wurzeln&rft.date=2017-06-26&rft.issn=0174-4909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Frhein-main%2Fwarum-der-auslaenderanteil-in-frankfurt-am-main-so-hoch-ist-15078140.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jungefreiheit.de/politik/deutschland/2017/einwanderer-stellen-in-frankfurt-die-mehrheit/">"Einwanderer stellen in Frankfurt die Mehrheit"</a> (in German). 30 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630103400/https://jungefreiheit.de/politik/deutschland/2017/einwanderer-stellen-in-frankfurt-die-mehrheit/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Einwanderer+stellen+in+Frankfurt+die+Mehrheit&rft.date=2017-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjungefreiheit.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2F2017%2Feinwanderer-stellen-in-frankfurt-die-mehrheit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/_inhalt.html">"Migration und Integration"</a>. <i>Statistisches Bundesamt</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210406211101/https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/_inhalt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistisches+Bundesamt&rft.atitle=Migration+und+Integration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.destatis.de%2FDE%2FThemen%2FGesellschaft-Umwelt%2FBevoelkerung%2FMigration-Integration%2F_inhalt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150521061911/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/J2014K02x.pdf">"Frankfurter Statistisches Jahrbuch 2014, Kapitel 2: Bevölkerung"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/J2014K02x.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankfurter+Statistisches+Jahrbuch+2014%2C+Kapitel+2%3A+Bev%C3%B6lkerung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankfurt.de%2Fsixcms%2Fmedia.php%2F678%2FJ2014K02x.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jewish_Community_Frankfurt_am_Main-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jewish_Community_Frankfurt_am_Main_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jg-ffm.de/en/religious-life/synagogues">"Synagogues"</a>. <i>Jewish Community Frankfurt am Main</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006075118/https://jg-ffm.de/en/religious-life/synagogues">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Community+Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.atitle=Synagogues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjg-ffm.de%2Fen%2Freligious-life%2Fsynagogues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122035/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/muslime_ergebnisse_einer_schaetzung_fsb2007_4.pdf">"Muslime in Frankfurt am Main – Ergebnisse einer Schätzung"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankfurt-Interaktiv%3A+Flughafen+Frankfurt&rft.pub=Frankfurt-interaktiv.de&rft.date=2011-10-21&rft.au=Rolf+Didszuns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrankfurt-interaktiv.de%2Ffrankfurt%2Fwirtschaft%2Fairport%2Fflughafen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104195637/http://www.fraport.de/content/fraport-ag/de/Nachhaltigkeit/soziales/personal_in_zahlen/personal_in_zahlen.html#Fraport">"Personal in Zahlen"</a>. Fraport.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fraport.de/content/fraport-ag/de/Nachhaltigkeit/soziales/personal_in_zahlen/personal_in_zahlen.html#Fraport">the original</a> on 4 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Personal+in+Zahlen&rft.pub=Fraport.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fraport.de%2Fcontent%2Ffraport-ag%2Fde%2FNachhaltigkeit%2Fsoziales%2Fpersonal_in_zahlen%2Fpersonal_in_zahlen.html%23Fraport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/lufthansa_aid_22996.html">"Lufthansa-Konzernzentrale teurer als geplant"</a>. Focus.de. 18 July 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521075219/http://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/lufthansa_aid_22996.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lufthansa-Konzernzentrale+teurer+als+geplant&rft.pub=Focus.de&rft.date=2006-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.focus.de%2Ffinanzen%2Fnews%2Flufthansa_aid_22996.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.report-k.de/content/view/7026/">Report-k.de: Lufthansa-Verwaltung in Köln-Deutz eröffnet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071124111212/http://www.report-k.de/content/view/7026/">Archived</a> 24 November 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928121959/https://www.dws.de/DE/showpage.aspx?pageID=184">"DWS: Unternehmensprofil"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dws.de/DE/showpage.aspx?pageID=184">the original</a> on 28 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DWS%3A+Unternehmensprofil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dws.de%2FDE%2Fshowpage.aspx%3FpageID%3D184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universal-investment.com/en/Corporate/Structure-and-Management/Location-Germany/">"Your partner in Germany"</a>. Universal Investment. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210155758/https://www.universal-investment.com/en/Corporate/Structure-and-Management/Location-Germany/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Your+partner+in+Germany&rft.pub=Universal+Investment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.universal-investment.com%2Fen%2FCorporate%2FStructure-and-Management%2FLocation-Germany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juraforum.de/fuer-anwaelte/kanzleigruendung/anwaltsdichte-in-deutschland">"Anwaltsdichte in Deutschland"</a>. Juraforum.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111116050546/http://www.juraforum.de/fuer-anwaelte/kanzleigruendung/anwaltsdichte-in-deutschland">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anwaltsdichte+in+Deutschland&rft.pub=Juraforum.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.juraforum.de%2Ffuer-anwaelte%2Fkanzleigruendung%2Fanwaltsdichte-in-deutschland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227024512/http://www.focus-campus.de/fileadmin/excerpts/EXC_0746_AufeinenBlick.pdf">"<i>FOCUS: Die größten Werbeagenturen 2007</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.focus-campus.de/fileadmin/excerpts/EXC_0746_AufeinenBlick.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FOCUS%3A+Die+gr%C3%B6%C3%9Ften+Werbeagenturen+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.focus-campus.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fexcerpts%2FEXC_0746_AufeinenBlick.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/export/system/galleries/tcf/dok/20779.pdf">frankfurt-tourismus.de Gäste- und Übernachtungszahlen 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203002742/http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/export/system/galleries/tcf/dok/20779.pdf">Archived</a> 3 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 24 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122120/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/738/Netz_dfz%20engl._2011-12.pdf">"Frankfurt – Data, Facts, Figures"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/738/Netz_dfz%20engl._2011-12.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankfurt+%E2%80%93+Data%2C+Facts%2C+Figures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankfurt.de%2Fsixcms%2Fmedia.php%2F738%2FNetz_dfz%2520engl._2011-12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved 23 April 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurogamer.net/nintendo-europe-closing-grossostheim-headquarters-130-jobs-lost">"Nintendo Europe closing Großostheim headquarters, 130 jobs lost"</a>. <i>Eurogamer.net</i>. 6 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102225030/https://www.eurogamer.net/nintendo-europe-closing-grossostheim-headquarters-130-jobs-lost">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer.net&rft.atitle=Nintendo+Europe+closing+Gro%C3%9Fostheim+headquarters%2C+130+jobs+lost&rft.date=2014-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Fnintendo-europe-closing-grossostheim-headquarters-130-jobs-lost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://startupgenome.com/report2017/">"Global Startup Ecosystem Survey – Startup Genome. Frankfurt among the global startup capitals"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170322014620/http://startupgenome.com/report2017/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Startup+Ecosystem+Survey+%E2%80%93+Startup+Genome.+Frankfurt+among+the+global+startup+capitals.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstartupgenome.com%2Freport2017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stadt_Frankfurt_am_Main-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stadt_Frankfurt_am_Main_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stadt_Frankfurt_am_Main_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frankfurt.de/english/international-affairs/city-partnerships">"City Partnerships"</a>. Stadt Frankfurt am Main. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206050127/https://frankfurt.de/english/international-affairs/city-partnerships">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Partnerships&rft.pub=Stadt+Frankfurt+am+Main&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrankfurt.de%2Fenglish%2Finternational-affairs%2Fcity-partnerships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frankfurt.de/en/english/international-affairs/the-partner-cities/deuil-la-barre">"Deuil-La Barre"</a>. Stadt Frankfurt am Main. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207133134/https://frankfurt.de/en/english/international-affairs/the-partner-cities/deuil-la-barre">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deuil-La+Barre&rft.pub=Stadt+Frankfurt+am+Main&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrankfurt.de%2Fen%2Fenglish%2Finternational-affairs%2Fthe-partner-cities%2Fdeuil-la-barre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/lwiw-wird-partnerstadt-von-frankfurt-93050131.html"><i>Lwiw wird Partnerstadt von Frankfurt</i></a>, Frankfurter Rundschau, 3 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lwiw+wird+Partnerstadt+von+Frankfurt&rft.pub=Frankfurter+Rundschau&rft.date=2024-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fr.de%2Ffrankfurt%2Flwiw-wird-partnerstadt-von-frankfurt-93050131.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-leonhardskirche-oeffnet-nach-sanierung-wieder-11765613.html">"Gläubige dürfen zurück in uralte Leonhardskirche in Frankfurt"</a>. 15 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427223541/https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-leonhardskirche-oeffnet-nach-sanierung-wieder-11765613.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gl%C3%A4ubige+d%C3%BCrfen+zur%C3%BCck+in+uralte+Leonhardskirche+in+Frankfurt&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fr.de%2Ffrankfurt%2Ffrankfurt-leonhardskirche-oeffnet-nach-sanierung-wieder-11765613.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerner1979" class="citation book cs1">Gerner, Manfred (1979). <i>Fachwerk in Frankfurt am Main</i>. Frankfurt am Main: Frankfurter Sparkasse. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7829-0217-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-7829-0217-3"><bdi>3-7829-0217-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fachwerk+in+Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Frankfurter+Sparkasse&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=3-7829-0217-3&rft.aulast=Gerner&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robertson,_Staun-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robertson,_Staun_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson,_Staun" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Staun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080222023331/http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035//police101.html">"Zyklon B Poison Gas"</a>. <i>A History of Jews in Hamburg</i>. University of Hamburg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035//ZyklonB.html">the original</a> on 22 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+History+of+Jews+in+Hamburg&rft.atitle=Zyklon+B+Poison+Gas&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Staun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.uni-hamburg.de%2Frz3a035%2F%2FZyklonB.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Historical_Frankfurt-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Historical_Frankfurt_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929175832/http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/tourismussuite/en/sightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main/sights_travel_guide/historic_sights/half-timbered_houses.html?haus_id=110217&resname=%2Fen%2Fsightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main%2Fsights_travel_guide%2Fhistoric_sights%2Findex.html">"Poelzig Building / Westend Campus"</a>. <i>Historical Frankfurt</i>. Tourismus+Congress GmbH. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/tourismussuite/en/sightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main/sights_travel_guide/historic_sights/half-timbered_houses.html?haus_id=110217&resname=/en/sightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main/sights_travel_guide/historic_sights/index.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Frankfurt&rft.atitle=Poelzig+Building+%2F+Westend+Campus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankfurt-tourismus.de%2Fcms%2Ftourismussuite%2Fen%2Fsightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main%2Fsights_travel_guide%2Fhistoric_sights%2Fhalf-timbered_houses.html%3Fhaus_id%3D110217%26resname%3D%2Fen%2Fsightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main%2Fsights_travel_guide%2Fhistoric_sights%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baunetz.de/meldungen/Meldungen-Baubeginn_fuer_Henninger-Turm_in_Frankfurt_3947903.html">"Transformation des Bestands – Baubeginn für Henninger-Turm in Frankfurt"</a>. 27 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417234649/https://www.baunetz.de/meldungen/Meldungen-Baubeginn_fuer_Henninger-Turm_in_Frankfurt_3947903.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transformation+des+Bestands+%E2%80%93+Baubeginn+f%C3%BCr+Henninger-Turm+in+Frankfurt&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baunetz.de%2Fmeldungen%2FMeldungen-Baubeginn_fuer_Henninger-Turm_in_Frankfurt_3947903.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171118195740/http://www.hessenschau.de/panorama/der-neue-goetheturm-wird-ganz-wie-der-alte,goetheturm-wiederaufbau-100.html">"Der neue Goetheturm wird ganz wie der alte"</a> (in German). Hessenschau. 3 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hessenschau.de/panorama/der-neue-goetheturm-wird-ganz-wie-der-alte,goetheturm-wiederaufbau-100.html">the original</a> on 18 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Der+neue+Goetheturm+wird+ganz+wie+der+alte&rft.date=2017-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hessenschau.de%2Fpanorama%2Fder-neue-goetheturm-wird-ganz-wie-der-alte%2Cgoetheturm-wiederaufbau-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180927124027/https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=2855&_ffmpar%255B_id_inhalt%255D=7187755">"Auf dem Weg zur Green City"</a>. Frankfurt.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=2855&_ffmpar%5B_id_inhalt%5D=7187755">the original</a> on 27 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Auf+dem+Weg+zur+Green+City&rft.pub=Frankfurt.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankfurt.de%2Fsixcms%2Fdetail.php%3Fid%3D2855%26_ffmpar%26%2391%3B_id_inhalt%26%2393%3B%3D7187755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Museumsufer_Frankfurt-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Museumsufer_Frankfurt_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museumsufer.de/en/">"Museumsufer Frankfurt"</a>. <i>Museumsufer Frankfurt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221221093747/https://www.museumsufer.de/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museumsufer+Frankfurt&rft.atitle=Museumsufer+Frankfurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumsufer.de%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazin.spiegel.de/EpubDelivery/spiegel/pdf/13683412">"Neue Ehrlichkeit. Mit Tanzmusik aus dem Computer feign zwei Frankfurter Klangbastler weltweit Erfolge"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Der Spiegel</i> (in German). Hamburg. 3 October 1994. p. 268. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307191049/http://magazin.spiegel.de/EpubDelivery/spiegel/pdf/13683412">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Neue+Ehrlichkeit.+Mit+Tanzmusik+aus+dem+Computer+feign+zwei+Frankfurter+Klangbastler+weltweit+Erfolge.&rft.pages=268&rft.date=1994-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagazin.spiegel.de%2FEpubDelivery%2Fspiegel%2Fpdf%2F13683412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kultiversum.de/Musik-Aktuell/Kritikerumfrage-von-Opernwelt.html">"Opernwelt Pressemitteilung"</a>. Kultiversum.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006173728/http://www.kultiversum.de/Musik-Aktuell/Kritikerumfrage-von-Opernwelt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opernwelt+Pressemitteilung&rft.pub=Kultiversum.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kultiversum.de%2FMusik-Aktuell%2FKritikerumfrage-von-Opernwelt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwift2004" class="citation web cs1">Swift, Nick (3 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citymayors.com/business/eurocities_gdp.html">"European cities outperform their English counterparts"</a>. <i>City Mayors</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100620075821/http://www.citymayors.com/business/eurocities_gdp.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+Mayors&rft.atitle=European+cities+outperform+their+English+counterparts&rft.date=2004-02-03&rft.aulast=Swift&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citymayors.com%2Fbusiness%2Feurocities_gdp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102042444/http://www.knightfrank.com/wealthreport/2011/global-cities-survey/">"Global Cities Survey 2011"</a>. 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Fr-online.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128101509/http://www.fr-online.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-ist-die-zweitattraktivste-stadt-deutschlands,1472798,9894738.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FR-Online%3A+Frankfurt+ist+zweitattraktivste+Stadt+Deutschlands&rft.pub=Fr-online.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fr-online.de%2Ffrankfurt%2Ffrankfurt-ist-die-zweitattraktivste-stadt-deutschlands%2C1472798%2C9894738.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111114102629/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/738/08_Bindung_und_Zufriedenheit_BB2010.pdf">"Frankfurt.de: Statistik aktuell Nr. 8/2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/738/08_Bindung_und_Zufriedenheit_BB2010.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankfurt.de%3A+Statistik+aktuell+Nr.+8%2F2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankfurt.de%2Fsixcms%2Fmedia.php%2F738%2F08_Bindung_und_Zufriedenheit_BB2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/541740/publicationFile/26704/PKS2008.pdf;jsessionid=6379570F9390EB90E94D338941489E83">Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110519021155/http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/541740/publicationFile/26704/PKS2008.pdf;jsessionid=6379570F9390EB90E94D338941489E83">Archived</a> 19 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111114102613/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/Kriminalstatistik_Langfassung.pdf">"Frankfurt.de: Kriminalitätsstatistik 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/Kriminalstatistik_Langfassung.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankfurt.de%3A+Kriminalit%C3%A4tsstatistik+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frankfurt.de%2Fsixcms%2Fmedia.php%2F678%2FKriminalstatistik_Langfassung.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polizei.hessen.de/ueber-uns/statistik/kriminalstatistik/">"Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik 2020"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506172940/https://www.polizei.hessen.de/ueber-uns/statistik/kriminalstatistik/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polizeiliche+Kriminalstatistik+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polizei.hessen.de%2Fueber-uns%2Fstatistik%2Fkriminalstatistik%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101105400/https://frankfurter.blog/frankfurt-airport/">"Frankfurt Airport"</a>. <i>FRANKFURTER</i>. 1 January 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frankfurter.blog/frankfurt-airport/">the original</a> on 1 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FRANKFURTER&rft.atitle=Frankfurt+Airport&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrankfurter.blog%2Ffrankfurt-airport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Frankfurt-Hahn-Airport/Frankfurt-Central-Station">"Frankfurt-Hahn Airport to Frankfurt Central Station – 5 ways to travel"</a>. <i>Rome2rio</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615151654/https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Frankfurt-Hahn-Airport/Frankfurt-Central-Station">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rome2rio&rft.atitle=Frankfurt-Hahn+Airport+to+Frankfurt+Central+Station+%E2%80%93+5+ways+to+travel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rome2rio.com%2Fs%2FFrankfurt-Hahn-Airport%2FFrankfurt-Central-Station&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/travel/travel-news/highspeed-trains-to-link-england-and-germany-20111013-1lmq8.html">"High-speed trains to link England and Germany"</a>. Brisbanetimes.com.au. 16 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621035917/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/travel/travel-news/highspeed-trains-to-link-england-and-germany-20111013-1lmq8.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High-speed+trains+to+link+England+and+Germany&rft.pub=Brisbanetimes.com.au&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanetimes.com.au%2Ftravel%2Ftravel-news%2Fhighspeed-trains-to-link-england-and-germany-20111013-1lmq8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.howtogermany.com/pages/frankfurt.html">"How to Germany – Frankfurt am Main: The Gateway to Germany"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926095555/https://www.howtogermany.com/pages/frankfurt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Germany+%E2%80%93+Frankfurt+am+Main%3A+The+Gateway+to+Germany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.howtogermany.com%2Fpages%2Ffrankfurt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://addr.ws/frankfurt-konstablerwache-station-train-station--frankfurt-de.html">"Frankfurt Konstablerwache station"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128114229/https://addr.ws/frankfurt-konstablerwache-station-train-station--frankfurt-de.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankfurt+Konstablerwache+station&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faddr.ws%2Ffrankfurt-konstablerwache-station-train-station--frankfurt-de.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/frankfurt">"Frankfurt: Stations"</a>. Travelinho.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044654/http://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/frankfurt">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankfurt%3A+Stations&rft.pub=Travelinho.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelinho.com%2Fen%2Ftravel%2Ffrankfurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100727002756/http://www.rmv.de/coremedia/generator/RMV/Sprachen/SPRACH__ART__en.html">"Rhein-Main Transport Association"</a>. RMV.DE. 24 November 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rmv.de/coremedia/generator/RMV/Sprachen/SPRACH__ART__en.html">the original</a> on 27 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rhein-Main+Transport+Association&rft.pub=RMV.DE&rft.date=2010-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmv.de%2Fcoremedia%2Fgenerator%2FRMV%2FSprachen%2FSPRACH__ART__en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430194211/http://www.nachtbus-frankfurt.de/">"Nightbus Frankfurt Rheinmain"</a>. Nachtbus-frankfurt.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nachtbus-frankfurt.de">the original</a> on 30 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nightbus+Frankfurt+Rheinmain&rft.pub=Nachtbus-frankfurt.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nachtbus-frankfurt.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLomas2015" class="citation news cs1">Lomas, Natasha (2 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/02/uber-retrenches-in-germany/">"Uber Pulls Out of Three German Cities After Court Ban Shrinks Driver Pool"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170528205741/https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/02/uber-retrenches-in-germany/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=Uber+Pulls+Out+of+Three+German+Cities+After+Court+Ban+Shrinks+Driver+Pool&rft.date=2015-11-02&rft.aulast=Lomas&rft.aufirst=Natasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2015%2F11%2F02%2Fuber-retrenches-in-germany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uber.com/global/en/cities/frankfurt/">"Frankfurt: a guide for getting around in the city"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170528205741/https://www.uber.com/global/en/cities/frankfurt/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankfurt%3A+a+guide+for+getting+around+in+the+city&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uber.com%2Fglobal%2Fen%2Fcities%2Ffrankfurt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.callabike-interaktiv.de/">"Call a Bike: Startseite"</a>. <i>callabike-interaktiv.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110924030211/http://www.callabike-interaktiv.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=callabike-interaktiv.de&rft.atitle=Call+a+Bike%3A+Startseite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.callabike-interaktiv.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radfahren-ffm.de/">"Radfahrbüro der Stadt Frankfurt"</a>. <i>www.radfahren-ffm.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091112051827/http://www.radfahren-ffm.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.radfahren-ffm.de&rft.atitle=Radfahrb%C3%BCro+der+Stadt+Frankfurt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radfahren-ffm.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fnp.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-sagt-scooter-ruepeln-den-kampf-an-91280428.html/">"Frankfurt sagt E-Scooter-Rüpeln den Kampf an"</a>. 3 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203212742/https://www.fnp.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-sagt-scooter-ruepeln-den-kampf-an-91280428.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Frankfurt+sagt+E-Scooter-R%C3%BCpeln+den+Kampf+an&rft.date=2022-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnp.de%2Ffrankfurt%2Ffrankfurt-sagt-scooter-ruepeln-den-kampf-an-91280428.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/dnbg/__2.html">"§ 2 DNBG – Einzelnorm"</a>. <i>www.gesetze-im-internet.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321140624/http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/dnbg/__2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gesetze-im-internet.de&rft.atitle=%C2%A7+2+DNBG+%E2%80%93+Einzelnorm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de%2Fdnbg%2F__2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170427070735/https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/embassy-consulates/wuhan/consulate-history/">"Consulate History"</a>. <i>U.S. Embassy & Consulates in China</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/embassy-consulates/wuhan/consulate-history/">the original</a> on 27 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Embassy+%26+Consulates+in+China&rft.atitle=Consulate+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchina.usembassy-china.org.cn%2Fembassy-consulates%2Fwuhan%2Fconsulate-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lag-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/LAG_Hessen_Internet">"Hessisches Landesarbeitsgericht"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130035201/https://lag-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/LAG_Hessen_Internet">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hessisches+Landesarbeitsgericht&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flag-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de%2Firj%2FLAG_Hessen_Internet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olg-frankfurt.justiz.hessen.de/irj/OLG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet">Website of the Higher Regional Court</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120819031439/http://www.olg-frankfurt.justiz.hessen.de/irj/OLG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet">Archived</a> 19 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lg-frankfurt.justiz.hessen.de/irj/LG_Frankfurt_Internet">Website of the Regional Court</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905193154/http://www.lg-frankfurt.justiz.hessen.de/irj/LG_Frankfurt_Internet">Archived</a> 5 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ag-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/AMG_Frankfurt_Internet">"Amtsgericht Frankfurt am Main"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161117164110/https://ag-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/AMG_Frankfurt_Internet/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amtsgericht+Frankfurt+am+Main&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fag-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de%2Firj%2FAMG_Frankfurt_Internet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/SG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet">"Sozialgericht Frankfurt am Main"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130035633/https://sg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/SG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sozialgericht+Frankfurt+am+Main&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de%2Firj%2FSG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arbg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/ArbG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet">"Arbeitsgericht Frankfurt am Main"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130035429/https://arbg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/ArbG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arbeitsgericht+Frankfurt+am+Main&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farbg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de%2Firj%2FArbG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/VG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet">"Verwaltungsgericht Frankfurt am Main"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220164321/https://vg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/VG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verwaltungsgericht+Frankfurt+am+Main&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de%2Firj%2FVG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/6b52615a-8694-11e7-8bb1-5ba57d47eff7">"FT Masters in Managemenet"</a>. <i>FT</i>. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707041533/https://www.ft.com/content/6b52615a-8694-11e7-8bb1-5ba57d47eff7">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FT&rft.atitle=FT+Masters+in+Managemenet&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F6b52615a-8694-11e7-8bb1-5ba57d47eff7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internationale-em-akademie.de/en/iema">"International Ensemble Modern Academy"</a>. <i>internationale-em-akademie.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215032236/http://www.internationale-em-akademie.de/en/iema">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=internationale-em-akademie.de&rft.atitle=International+Ensemble+Modern+Academy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.internationale-em-akademie.de%2Fen%2Fiema&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dainst.org/en/departments/rgk/about-us/organisation/library">"Library Profile"</a>. <i>Deutsches Archäologisches Institut</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsches+Arch%C3%A4ologisches+Institut&rft.atitle=Library+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dainst.org%2Fen%2Fdepartments%2Frgk%2Fabout-us%2Forganisation%2Flibrary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=125" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>History</dt></dl> <ul><li>Kramer, Waldemar (Hrsg.): <i>Frankfurt Chronik</i>. Verlag Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1987 (3. Auflage), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7829-0321-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-7829-0321-8">3-7829-0321-8</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Gall" title="Lothar Gall">Lothar Gall</a> (Hrsg.): <i>FFM 1200. Traditionen und Perspektiven einer Stadt</i>. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7995-1203-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-7995-1203-9">3-7995-1203-9</a> (Katalog zur 1200-Jahrfeier 1994 mit wiss. Aufsätzen).</li> <li>Mack, Ernst: <i>Von der Steinzeit zur Stauferstadt. Die frühe Geschichte von Frankfurt am Main</i>. Verlag Josef Knecht, Frankfurt am Main 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7820-0685-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-7820-0685-2">3-7820-0685-2</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Architecture</dt></dl> <ul><li>Schohmann, Heinz: <i>Frankfurt am Main und Umgebung. Von der Pfalzsiedlung zum Bankenzentrum</i>. Dumont Kunstreiseführer. Dumont, Köln 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7701-6305-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-7701-6305-2">3-7701-6305-2</a>. (mit Schwerpunkt Architektur).</li> <li>Bodenbach, Christoph (Hrsg.): <i>Neue Architektur in Frankfurt am Main</i>. Junius Verlag, Hamburg 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88506-583-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88506-583-8">978-3-88506-583-8</a>.</li> <li>Sturm, Philipp, Schmal, Peter Cachola: <i>Hochhausstadt Frankfurt. Bauten und Visionen seit 1945</i>. Prestel, München 2014, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7913-5363-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7913-5363-0">978-3-7913-5363-0</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Others</dt></dl> <ul><li>Setzepfandt, Christian: <i>Geheimnisvolles Frankfurt am Main</i>. Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8313-1347-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8313-1347-4">3-8313-1347-4</a>.</li> <li>Mosebach, Martin: <i>Mein Frankfurt</i>. Mit Photographien von Barbara Klemm. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-458-34571-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-458-34571-X">3-458-34571-X</a>. (Insel-Taschenbuch. Bd 2871)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankfurt&action=edit&section=126" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frankfurt_am_Main" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Frankfurt#Q1794" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Frankfort-on-Main" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Frankfort-on-Main">Frankfort-on-Main</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt.de/">Official website</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120716223653/http://www.frankfurt.de/">Archived</a> 16 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in German).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skylineatlas.com">SKYLINE ATLAS – information portal about the Frankfurt skyline having more than 500 pages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/jan/27/frankfurt-brexit-bankers-london-boring">Frankfurt prepares for Brexit bankers: 'Maybe our city will change them'</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060306094304/http://germany.archiseek.com/hesse/frankfurt/index.html">Architecture of Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zoo-infos.de/zoos-en/120.html">Frankfurt Zoo</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li>Frankfurt panoramas: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panorama-cities.net/frankfurt/frankfurt_germany.html">360°city panoramas</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oopper.de/tn/panorama-frankfurt.htm">Panorama Frankfurt</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt360.de/">frankfurt360.de</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panorama-frankfurt.de/">panorama-frankfurt.de</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Frankfort-on-the-Main"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Frankfort-on-the-Main">"Frankfort-on-the-Main" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>. 1879.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Frankfort-on-the-Main&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Frankfort-on-the-Main"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Frankfort-on-the-Main">"Frankfort-on-the-Main" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Frankfort-on-the-Main&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankfurt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/">Tourismus+Congress GmbH Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kultur-frankfurt.de/">Cultural portal of the city of Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbsopac.rz.uni-frankfurt.de/DB=2.4/REL?PPN=116343931">There is literature about Frankfurt</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hessian_Bibliography" title="Hessian Bibliography">Hessian Bibliography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ulrich-greve.eu/free/frankfurt/">Geschichte der Juden in Frankfurt a. M. (1150–1824)</a> (in German) by Isidor Kracauer, 2 volumes, free download</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Frankfurt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Frankfurt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a>, Bonn, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gie%C3%9Fen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gießen">Gießen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Frankfurt am Main</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Frankfurt" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Frankfurt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Frankfurt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_Frankfurt_am_Main" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Template:Districts of Frankfurt am Main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Districts_of_Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Template talk:Districts of Frankfurt am Main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Districts_of_Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Districts of Frankfurt am Main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_Frankfurt_am_Main" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ortsbezirk" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortsbezirk">Districts</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frankfurt am Main</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Altstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahnhofsviertel" title="Bahnhofsviertel">Bahnhofsviertel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen-Enkheim" title="Bergen-Enkheim">Bergen-Enkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkersheim" title="Berkersheim">Berkersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bockenheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bockenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonames" title="Bonames">Bonames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Bornheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornbusch_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Dornbusch (Frankfurt am Main)">Dornbusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckenheim" title="Eckenheim">Eckenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschersheim" title="Eschersheim">Eschersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fechenheim" title="Fechenheim">Fechenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flughafen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flughafen (Frankfurt am Main)">Flughafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Berg" title="Frankfurter Berg">Frankfurter Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallus_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)">Gallus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginnheim" title="Ginnheim">Ginnheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griesheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Griesheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Griesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutleutviertel" title="Gutleutviertel">Gutleutviertel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harheim" title="Harheim">Harheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Hausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Hausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heddernheim" title="Heddernheim">Heddernheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6chst_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)">Höchst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innenstadt_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)">Innenstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalbach-Riedberg" title="Kalbach-Riedberg">Kalbach-Riedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nied_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nied (Frankfurt am Main)">Nied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieder-Erlenbach" title="Nieder-Erlenbach">Nieder-Erlenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieder-Eschbach" title="Nieder-Eschbach">Nieder-Eschbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederrad" title="Niederrad">Niederrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niederursel" title="Niederursel">Niederursel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)">Nordend-Ost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)">Nordend-West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberrad" title="Oberrad">Oberrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praunheim" title="Praunheim">Praunheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preungesheim" title="Preungesheim">Preungesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riederwald" title="Riederwald">Riederwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6delheim" title="Rödelheim">Rödelheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)">Sachsenhausen-Süd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwanheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)">Schwanheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seckbach_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)">Seckbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindlingen" title="Sindlingen">Sindlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sossenheim" title="Sossenheim">Sossenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterliederbach" title="Unterliederbach">Unterliederbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westend_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" title="Westend (Frankfurt am Main)">Westend-Süd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeilsheim" title="Zeilsheim">Zeilsheim</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Frankfurt"><img alt="Coat of arms of Frankfurt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg/60px-Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg/90px-Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg/120px-Wappen_Frankfurt_am_Main.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Hesse_Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_Hesse_in_Germany_border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template talk:Germany districts Hesse"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts Hesse"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Hesse_Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_Hesse_in_Germany_border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hesse.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Hesse"><img alt="Flag of Hesse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Urban and rural districts in the state of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> in Germany <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kassel_government_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kassel_(region)" title="Kassel (region)">Kassel</a> <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">government region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Urban Districts</a><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisfreie Stadt">kreisfreie Städte</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts<br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Landkreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis">Landkreise</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulda_(district)" title="Fulda (district)">Landkreis Fulda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersfeld-Rotenburg" title="Hersfeld-Rotenburg">Landkreis Hersfeld-Rotenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_(district)" title="Kassel (district)">Landkreis Kassel (rural district)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwalm-Eder-Kreis" title="Schwalm-Eder-Kreis">Schwalm-Eder-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldeck-Frankenberg" title="Waldeck-Frankenberg">Landkreis Waldeck-Frankenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werra-Mei%C3%9Fner-Kreis" title="Werra-Meißner-Kreis">Werra-Meißner-Kreis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Darmstadt_government_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_(region)" title="Darmstadt (region)">Darmstadt</a> <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">government region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Urban Districts</a><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisfreie Stadt">kreisfreie Städte</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts<br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Landkreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis">Landkreise</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergstra%C3%9Fe_(district)" title="Bergstraße (district)">Landkreis Bergstraße </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt-Dieburg" title="Darmstadt-Dieburg">Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9F-Gerau_(district)" title="Groß-Gerau (district)">Landkreis Groß-Gerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochtaunuskreis" title="Hochtaunuskreis">Hochtaunuskreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-Kinzig-Kreis" title="Main-Kinzig-Kreis">Main-Kinzig-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-Taunus-Kreis" title="Main-Taunus-Kreis">Main-Taunus-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odenwaldkreis" title="Odenwaldkreis">Odenwaldkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_(district)" title="Offenbach (district)">Landkreis Offenbach </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis" title="Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis">Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetteraukreis" title="Wetteraukreis">Wetteraukreis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Giessen_government_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Giessen_(region)" title="Giessen (region)">Giessen</a> <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">government region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Urban Districts</a><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisfreie Stadt">kreisfreie Städte</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">none</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts<br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Landkreis" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis">Landkreise</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giessen_(district)" title="Giessen (district)">Landkreis Giessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahn-Dill-Kreis" title="Lahn-Dill-Kreis">Lahn-Dill-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limburg-Weilburg" title="Limburg-Weilburg">Landkreis Limburg-Weilburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marburg-Biedenkopf" title="Marburg-Biedenkopf">Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogelsbergkreis" title="Vogelsbergkreis">Vogelsbergkreis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Germany_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Germany_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities in Germany by population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000–999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle (Saale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000–199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(city)" title="Oldenburg (city)">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzgitter" title="Salzgitter">Salzgitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Germany" title="List of municipalities in Germany">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">Metropolitan regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1794#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121858098">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151720959">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1207215/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrwMFVyFd9ywYCtBrfpfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4018118-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79149017">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864186q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864186q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35944560">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Frankfurt nad Mohanem (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129155&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1254730">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/11000840">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000586616&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=177433">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/33061">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557252205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058613779506706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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