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<span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Route_of_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Route_of_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Route of administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Route_of_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Oral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ophthalmic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ophthalmic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ophthalmic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ophthalmic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inhalation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inhalation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Inhalation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Inhalation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Inhalation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Inhalation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unintended_ingredients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unintended_ingredients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Unintended ingredients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unintended_ingredients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Injection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Injection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Injection</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Injection-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Injection subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Injection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parenteral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parenteral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Parenteral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parenteral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unintended_ingredients_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unintended_ingredients_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Unintended ingredients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unintended_ingredients_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Safe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Safe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unsafe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unsafe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Unsafe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unsafe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Topical</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Topical-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Topical subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Topical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unintended_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unintended_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Unintended use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unintended_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dosage form</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="شكل صيدلاني معادل للجرعة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شكل صيدلاني معادل للجرعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Лекавая форма – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лекавая форма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forma_farmac%C3%A8utica" title="Forma farmacèutica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Forma farmacèutica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9kov%C3%A1_forma" title="Léková forma – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Léková forma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzneiform" title="Arzneiform – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arzneiform" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forma_farmac%C3%A9utica" title="Forma farmacéutica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Forma farmacéutica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="اشکال دارویی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اشکال دارویی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forme_gal%C3%A9nique" title="Forme galénique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forme galénique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forma_farmaceutica" title="Forma farmaceutica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Forma farmaceutica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Дозирана форма – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дозирана форма" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%A4%E5%BD%A2" title="剤形 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="剤形" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posta%C4%87_leku" title="Postać leku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Postać leku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forma_farmac%C3%AAutica" title="Forma farmacêutica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Forma farmacêutica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form%C4%83_farmaceutic%C4%83" title="Formă farmaceutică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Formă farmaceutică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Лекарственная форма – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лекарственная форма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmacevtska_oblika" title="Farmacevtska oblika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Farmacevtska oblika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beredningsform" title="Beredningsform – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Beredningsform" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B9%8C" title="รูปแบบเภสัชภัณฑ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูปแบบเภสัชภัณฑ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dozaj_formu" title="Dozaj formu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dozaj formu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Лікарська форма – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лікарська форма" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%A1ng_b%C3%A0o_ch%E1%BA%BF" title="Dạng bào chế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dạng bào chế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%82%E5%9E%8B" title="剂型 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="剂型" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q718608#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">Any specific format for medications, specific to a dose and route</div> <p><b>Dosage forms</b> (also called <b>unit doses</b>) are <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">pharmaceutical drug</a> products presented in a specific form for use. They contain a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Active_ingredient" title="Active ingredient">active ingredients</a> and inactive components (<a href="/wiki/Excipient" title="Excipient">excipients</a>), configured in a particular way (such as a <a href="/wiki/Capsule_(pharmacy)" title="Capsule (pharmacy)">capsule</a> shell) and apportioned into a specific <a href="/wiki/Dose_(biochemistry)" title="Dose (biochemistry)">dose</a>. For example, two products may both be <a href="/wiki/Amoxicillin" title="Amoxicillin">amoxicillin</a>, but one may come in 500 mg capsules, while another may be in 250 mg chewable tablets. </p><p>The term <b>unit dose</b> can also refer to non-reusable packaging, particularly when each drug product is individually packaged.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the FDA differentiates this by referring to it as <i>unit-dose "packaging" or "dispensing"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the context, <i>multi(ple) unit dose</i> may refer to multiple distinct drug products <i>packaged</i> together or a <i>single</i> product containing multiple drugs and/or doses. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formulations">Formulations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <b>dosage form</b> may also sometimes refer only to the <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_formulation" title="Pharmaceutical formulation">pharmaceutical formulation</a> of a drug product's constituent substances, without considering its final configuration as a consumable product (e.g., capsule, patch, etc.). Due to the somewhat ambiguous nature and overlap of these terms within the pharmaceutical industry, caution is advisable when discussing them with others who may interpret the terminology differently. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dosage forms vary depending on the method/route of administration, which can include many types of liquid, solid, and semisolid forms. Common dosage forms include <a href="/wiki/Pill_(pharmacy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pill (pharmacy)">pills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tablet_(pharmacy)" title="Tablet (pharmacy)">tablets</a>, capsules, <a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">drinks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">syrups</a>, among others. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Combination_drug" title="Combination drug">combination drug</a> (or fixed-dose combination; FDC) is a product that contains more than one <a href="/wiki/Active_ingredient" title="Active ingredient">active ingredient</a> (e.g., one tablet, one capsule, or one syrup with multiple drugs). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">naturopathy</a>, dosages can take the form of <a href="/wiki/Decoction" title="Decoction">decoctions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">herbal teas</a>, in addition to the more conventional methods mentioned above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Route_of_administration">Route of administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Route of administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">route of administration</a> (ROA) for <a href="/wiki/Drug_delivery" title="Drug delivery">drug delivery</a> depends on the dosage form of the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">substance</a>. Different dosage forms may be available for a particular drug, especially if certain conditions restrict the ROA. For example, if a patient is unconscious or experiencing persistent <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a>, oral administration may not be feasible, necessitating the use of alternative routes, such as <a href="/wiki/Inhalational" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhalational">inhalational</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheek" title="Cheek">buccal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sublingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublingual">sublingual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">nasal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suppository" title="Suppository">suppository</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Parenteral" class="mw-redirect" title="Parenteral">parenteral</a>. </p><p>A specific dosage form may also be required due to issues such as <a href="/wiki/Chemical_stability" title="Chemical stability">chemical stability</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacokinetic">pharmacokinetic</a> properties. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a> cannot be given orally because it is extensively <a href="/wiki/Metabolized" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolized">metabolized</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a> (GIT) before it reaches the <a href="/wiki/Bloodstream" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloodstream">bloodstream</a>, preventing it from reaching therapeutic target destinations. Similarly, the oral and intravenous doses of a drug like <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> differ for the same reason.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oral">Oral</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etizest-1_MD_Blister_Pill_opened.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Etizest-1_MD_Blister_Pill_opened.jpeg/220px-Etizest-1_MD_Blister_Pill_opened.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Etizest-1_MD_Blister_Pill_opened.jpeg/330px-Etizest-1_MD_Blister_Pill_opened.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Etizest-1_MD_Blister_Pill_opened.jpeg/440px-Etizest-1_MD_Blister_Pill_opened.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Tablet in <a href="/wiki/Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">blister pack</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embalaje_monodosis_de_medicamentos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Embalaje_monodosis_de_medicamentos.jpg/220px-Embalaje_monodosis_de_medicamentos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Embalaje_monodosis_de_medicamentos.jpg/330px-Embalaje_monodosis_de_medicamentos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Embalaje_monodosis_de_medicamentos.jpg/440px-Embalaje_monodosis_de_medicamentos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>single unit <a href="/wiki/Packet_(container)" title="Packet (container)">packets</a> with full identification (text and bar codes)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pill_(pharmacy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pill (pharmacy)">Pills</a>, i.e. tablets or capsules</li> <li>Liquids such as syrups, solutions, <a href="/wiki/Elixir" title="Elixir">elixers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emulsion" title="Emulsion">emulsions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tincture" title="Tincture">tinctures</a></li> <li>Liquids such as decoctions and herbal teas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orally_disintegrating_tablet" title="Orally disintegrating tablet">Orally disintegrating tablets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throat_lozenge" title="Throat lozenge">Lozenges</a> or candy (<a href="/wiki/Electuary" title="Electuary">electuaries</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_film_drug_delivery" class="mw-redirect" title="Thin film drug delivery">Thin films</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Listerine" title="Listerine">Listerine Pocketpaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin_(medication)" title="Nitroglycerin (medication)">nitroglycerin</a>) to be placed on top of or underneath the tongue as well as against the cheek</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_(substance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Powder (substance)">Powders</a> or <a href="/wiki/Effervescent_tablet" title="Effervescent tablet">effervescent powder or tablets</a>, often instructed to be mixed into a food item</li> <li>Plants or seeds prepared in various ways such as a <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_edible" title="Cannabis edible">cannabis edible</a></li> <li>Pastes such as high fluoride <a href="/wiki/Toothpaste" title="Toothpaste">toothpastes</a></li> <li>Gases such as <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_therapy" title="Oxygen therapy">oxygen</a> (can also be delivered through the nose)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ophthalmic">Ophthalmic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ophthalmic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96gondroppar2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%C3%96gondroppar2.jpg/220px-%C3%96gondroppar2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%C3%96gondroppar2.jpg/330px-%C3%96gondroppar2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%C3%96gondroppar2.jpg/440px-%C3%96gondroppar2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vial" title="Vial">vials</a> of eye drops for single use</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eye_drops" class="mw-redirect" title="Eye drops">Eye drops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotion" title="Lotion">Lotions</a></li> <li>Ointments</li> <li>Emulsions</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inhalation">Inhalation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inhalation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol_spray" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerosol spray">Aerosolized</a> medication</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry-powder_inhaler" title="Dry-powder inhaler">Dry-powder Inhalers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Metered-dose_inhaler" title="Metered-dose inhaler">metered dose inhalers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebulizer" title="Nebulizer">Nebulizer</a>-administered medication</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizer_(inhalation_device)" title="Vaporizer (inhalation device)">Vaporizer</a>-administered medication</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unintended_ingredients">Unintended ingredients</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Unintended ingredients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Talc is an <a href="/wiki/Excipient" title="Excipient">excipient</a> often used in pharmaceutical tablets that may end up being crushed to a powder against medical advice or for recreational use. Also, <a href="/wiki/Illicit_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Illicit drug">illicit drugs</a> that occur as white powder in their pure form are often <a href="/wiki/Cutting_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutting agent">cut</a> with cheap <a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">talc</a>. Natural talc is cheap but contains <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> while asbestos-free talc is more expensive. Inhaled talc that has asbestos is generally accepted as being able to cause lung cancer if it is inhaled. The evidence about asbestos-free talc is less clear, according to the <a href="/wiki/American_Cancer_Society" title="American Cancer Society">American Cancer Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Injection">Injection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Injection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atropine_injection_ampoule.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Atropine_injection_ampoule.JPG/220px-Atropine_injection_ampoule.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Atropine_injection_ampoule.JPG/330px-Atropine_injection_ampoule.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Atropine_injection_ampoule.JPG/440px-Atropine_injection_ampoule.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Ampoule" title="Ampoule">ampoule</a> containing atropine injection 1mL/0.5mg</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parenteral">Parenteral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Parenteral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intradermal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intradermal">Intradermally</a>-administered (ID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcutaneous injection">Subcutaneously</a>-administered (SC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuscular" class="mw-redirect" title="Intramuscular">Intramuscularly</a>-administered (IM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraosseous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intraosseous">Intraosseous</a> administration (IO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraperitoneal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intraperitoneal">Intraperitoneally</a>-administered (IP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">intravenously</a>-administered (IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intracavernous_injection" title="Intracavernous injection">Intracavernously</a>-administered (ICI)</li></ul> <p>These are usually solutions and suspensions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unintended_ingredients_2">Unintended ingredients</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Unintended ingredients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Safe">Safe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Safe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Eye_drops" class="mw-redirect" title="Eye drops">Eye drops</a> (normal saline in disposable packages) are distributed to syringe users by <a href="/wiki/Needle_exchange_programs" class="mw-redirect" title="Needle exchange programs">needle exchange programs</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unsafe">Unsafe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Unsafe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The injection of talc from crushed pills has been associated with <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_talcosis" title="Pulmonary talcosis">pulmonary talcosis</a> in intravenous drug users.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid6655726_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid6655726-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Topical">Topical</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Topical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cream_(pharmaceutical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cream (pharmaceutical)">Creams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liniments" class="mw-redirect" title="Liniments">liniments</a>, balms (such as lip balm or antiperspirants and deodorants), lotions, or ointments, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gel" title="Gel">Gels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogel" title="Hydrogel">hydrogels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_drop" title="Ear drop">Ear drops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transdermal_patch" title="Transdermal patch">Transdermal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dermal_patch" title="Dermal patch">dermal patches</a> to be applied to the skin</li> <li>Powders</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unintended_use">Unintended use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Unintended use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>It is not safe to calculate divided doses by cutting and weighing medical skin patches, because there's no guarantee that the substance is evenly distributed on the patch surface.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a> transdermal patches are designed to slowly release the substance over 3 days. It is well known that cut fentanyl transdermal consumed orally have cause overdoses and deaths.</li> <li>Single <a href="/wiki/Blotting_paper#Drugs" title="Blotting paper">blotting papers</a> for illicit drugs injected from solvents in syringes may also cause uneven distribution across the surface.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other">Other</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intravaginal_administration" title="Intravaginal administration">Intravaginal administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_ring" title="Vaginal ring">Vaginal rings</a></li> <li>Capsules and tablets</li> <li>Suppositories</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_administration" title="Rectal administration">Rectal administration</a> (enteral) <ul><li>Suppositories</li> <li>Suspensions and solutions in the form of <a href="/wiki/Enema" title="Enema">enemas</a></li> <li>Gels</li></ul></li> <li>Urethral</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_spray" title="Nasal spray">Nasal sprays</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_Pharmaco-Therapeutic_Referrals" title="Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals">Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_delivery" title="Drug delivery">Drug delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Route of administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_packaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical packaging">Pharmaceutical packaging</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/unit+dose">"unit dose"</a>. <i>thefreedictionary.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thefreedictionary.com&rft.atitle=unit+dose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com%2Funit%2Bdose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADosage+form" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAffairs" class="citation web cs1">Affairs, Office of Regulatory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/ICECI/ComplianceManuals/CompliancePolicyGuidanceManual/ucm074377.htm">"Compliance Policy Guides - CPG Sec 430.100 Unit Dose Labeling for Solid and Liquid Oral Dosage Forms"</a>. <i>www.fda.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fda.gov&rft.atitle=Compliance+Policy+Guides+-+CPG+Sec+430.100+Unit+Dose+Labeling+for+Solid+and+Liquid+Oral+Dosage+Forms&rft.aulast=Affairs&rft.aufirst=Office+of+Regulatory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2FICECI%2FComplianceManuals%2FCompliancePolicyGuidanceManual%2Fucm074377.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADosage+form" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-12366870">"Doctors 'missed' fatal overdoses"</a>. 4 February 2011 – via www.bbc.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doctors+%27missed%27+fatal+overdoses&rft.date=2011-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-glasgow-west-12366870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADosage+form" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/talcum-powder-and-cancer.html">"Talcum Powder and Cancer"</a>. <i>www.cancer.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cancer.org&rft.atitle=Talcum+Powder+and+Cancer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.org%2Fcancer%2Fcancer-causes%2Ftalcum-powder-and-cancer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADosage+form" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid6655726-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid6655726_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1983" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, LL. (Dec 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2561715">"Pulmonary "mainline" granulomatosis: talcosis secondary to intravenous heroin abuse with characteristic x-ray findings of asbestosis"</a>. <i>J Natl Med Assoc</i>. <b>75</b> (12): 1225–8. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2561715">2561715</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6655726">6655726</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Natl+Med+Assoc&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+%22mainline%22+granulomatosis%3A+talcosis+secondary+to+intravenous+heroin+abuse+with+characteristic+x-ray+findings+of+asbestosis.&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1225-8&rft.date=1983-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2561715%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6655726&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=LL.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2561715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADosage+form" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2013" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, Michael R. (1 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pharmacytoday.org/article/S1042-0991(15)31507-3/fulltext">"The danger with cutting medication patches: Institute for Safe Medication Practices"</a>. <i>Pharmacy Today</i>. <b>19</b> (3): 88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1042-0991%2815%2931507-3">10.1016/S1042-0991(15)31507-3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1042-0991">1042-0991</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacy+Today&rft.atitle=The+danger+with+cutting+medication+patches%3A+Institute+for+Safe+Medication+Practices&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=88&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1042-0991%2815%2931507-3&rft.issn=1042-0991&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Michael+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pharmacytoday.org%2Farticle%2FS1042-0991%2815%2931507-3%2Ffulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADosage+form" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dosage_form&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dosage_forms" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dosage forms">Dosage forms</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irisys.com">Dosage From Development</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Routes_of_administration,_dosage_forms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of administration</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">dosage forms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">Oral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">Digestive tract</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enteral_administration" title="Enteral administration">enteral</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">Solids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(pharmacy)" title="Tablet (pharmacy)">Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_(pharmacy)" title="Capsule (pharmacy)">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastille" title="Pastille">Pastille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_release_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Time release technology">Time release technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmotic-controlled_release_oral_delivery_system" title="Osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system">Osmotic delivery system</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FlattenedRoundPills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/FlattenedRoundPills.jpg/60px-FlattenedRoundPills.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/FlattenedRoundPills.jpg/90px-FlattenedRoundPills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/FlattenedRoundPills.jpg/120px-FlattenedRoundPills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hexaaquatitanium(III)-solution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hexaaquatitanium%28III%29-solution.jpg/60px-Hexaaquatitanium%28III%29-solution.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hexaaquatitanium%28III%29-solution.jpg/90px-Hexaaquatitanium%28III%29-solution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hexaaquatitanium%28III%29-solution.jpg/120px-Hexaaquatitanium%28III%29-solution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1619" data-file-height="1816" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">Liquids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decoction" title="Decoction">Decoction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elixir" title="Elixir">Elixir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electuary" title="Electuary">Electuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emulsion" title="Emulsion">Emulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effervescent_tablet" title="Effervescent tablet">Effervescent powder or tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogel" title="Hydrogel">Hydrogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_encapsulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular encapsulation">Molecular encapsulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder" title="Powder">Powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softgel" title="Softgel">Softgel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry)">Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_(chemistry)" title="Suspension (chemistry)">Suspension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">Syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture" title="Tincture">Tincture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oral_mucosa" title="Oral mucosa">Oral mucosa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buccal_administration" title="Buccal administration">buccal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sublabial_administration" title="Sublabial administration">sublabial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sublingual_administration" title="Sublingual administration">sublingual</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">Solids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orally_disintegrating_tablet" title="Orally disintegrating tablet">Orally disintegrating tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_film_drug_delivery" class="mw-redirect" title="Thin film drug delivery">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lollipop#Medicinal_use" title="Lollipop">Lollipop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_(liquid)" title="Drop (liquid)">Sublingual drops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throat_lozenge" title="Throat lozenge">Lozenges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effervescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Effervescent">Effervescent</a> tablet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewing_gum" title="Chewing gum">Chewing gum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">Liquids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mouthwash" title="Mouthwash">Mouthwash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothpaste" title="Toothpaste">Toothpaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topical" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical">Ointment</a></li> <li>Spray</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_tract" title="Respiratory tract">Respiratory tract</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inhalation" title="Inhalation">inhalation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">Solids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry-powder_inhaler" title="Dry-powder inhaler">Dry-powder inhaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking">Smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inhaler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Inhaler.jpg/60px-Inhaler.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Inhaler.jpg/90px-Inhaler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Inhaler.jpg/120px-Inhaler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="1715" /></a></span><br /><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><br /><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">Liquids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anesthetic_vaporizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Anesthetic vaporizer">Anesthetic vaporizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heated_humidified_high-flow_therapy" title="Heated humidified high-flow therapy">Heated humidified high-flow therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_inhalants" title="List of medical inhalants">Medical inhalants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metered-dose_inhaler" title="Metered-dose inhaler">Metered-dose inhaler</a> (MDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebulizer" title="Nebulizer">Nebulizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizer_(inhalation_device)" title="Vaporizer (inhalation device)">Vaporizer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_mask" title="Oxygen mask">Oxygen mask</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nasal_cannula" title="Nasal cannula">Nasal cannula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_concentrator" title="Oxygen concentrator">Oxygen concentrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaesthetic_machine" title="Anaesthetic machine">Anaesthetic machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_inhalants" title="List of medical inhalants">Medical inhalants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_analgesia_machine" title="Relative analgesia machine">Relative analgesia machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmic_drug_administration" title="Ophthalmic drug administration">Ophthalmic</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">otic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasal_administration" title="Nasal administration">nasal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Action_photo_of_nasal_spray_on_a_black_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Action_photo_of_nasal_spray_on_a_black_background.jpg/30px-Action_photo_of_nasal_spray_on_a_black_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Action_photo_of_nasal_spray_on_a_black_background.jpg/45px-Action_photo_of_nasal_spray_on_a_black_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Action_photo_of_nasal_spray_on_a_black_background.jpg/60px-Action_photo_of_nasal_spray_on_a_black_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_spray" title="Nasal spray">Nasal spray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_drop" title="Ear drop">Ear drops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_drop" title="Eye drop">Eye drops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topical" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical">Ointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogel" title="Hydrogel">Hydrogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insufflation_(medicine)" title="Insufflation (medicine)">Insufflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioadhesive" title="Bioadhesive">Mucoadhesive microdisc</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genitourinary_system" title="Genitourinary system">Urogenital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Topical" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical">Ointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pessary" title="Pessary">Pessary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_ring" title="Vaginal ring">Vaginal ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douche" title="Douche">Douche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrauterine_device" title="Intrauterine device">Intrauterine device</a> (IUD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra-amniotic_administration" title="Extra-amniotic administration">Extra-amniotic infusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">Intravesical infusion</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rectal_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectal (medicine)">Rectal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enteral_administration" title="Enteral administration">enteral</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glycerin_suppositories.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Glycerin_suppositories.jpg/30px-Glycerin_suppositories.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Glycerin_suppositories.jpg/45px-Glycerin_suppositories.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Glycerin_suppositories.jpg/60px-Glycerin_suppositories.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1623" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topical" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical">Ointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppository" title="Suppository">Suppository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enema" title="Enema">Enema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry)">Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogel" title="Hydrogel">Hydrogel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_drip" title="Murphy drip">Murphy drip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrient_enema" title="Nutrient enema">Nutrient enema</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dermis" title="Dermis">Dermal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Topical_medication" title="Topical medication">topical</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SPF15SunBlock.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SPF15SunBlock.JPG/40px-SPF15SunBlock.JPG" decoding="async" width="40" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SPF15SunBlock.JPG/60px-SPF15SunBlock.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SPF15SunBlock.JPG/80px-SPF15SunBlock.JPG 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <li><a href="/wiki/Topical" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical">Ointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topical_cream" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical cream">Topical cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topical_gel" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical gel">Topical gel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liniment" title="Liniment">Liniment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paste_(rheology)" title="Paste (rheology)">Paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_film_drug_delivery" class="mw-redirect" title="Thin film drug delivery">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfoxide" title="Dimethyl sulfoxide">DMSO</a> solution</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iontophoresis" title="Iontophoresis">Iontophoresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogel" title="Hydrogel">Hydrogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liposome" title="Liposome">Liposomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfersome" title="Transfersome">Transfersome vesicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_(pharmaceutical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cream (pharmaceutical)">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotion" title="Lotion">Lotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lip_balm" title="Lip balm">Lip balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shampoo" title="Shampoo">Medicated shampoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermal_patch" title="Dermal patch">Dermal patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transdermal_patch" title="Transdermal patch">Transdermal patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transdermal_spray" title="Transdermal spray">Transdermal spray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_injector" title="Jet injector">Jet injector</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parenteral" class="mw-redirect" title="Parenteral">Parenterals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Injection_(medicine)" title="Injection (medicine)">Injections</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Infusion_pump" title="Infusion pump">infusions</a></li></ul></div><br /><small><i>(into tissue/blood)</i></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">Skin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Transdermal" title="Transdermal">transdermal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Intradermal_injection" title="Intradermal injection">Intradermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcutaneous injection">Subcutaneous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injector_pen" title="Injector pen">Injector pen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transdermal_implant" title="Transdermal implant">Transdermal implant</a></li> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Injection_Syringe_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Injection_Syringe_01.jpg/60px-Injection_Syringe_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Injection_Syringe_01.jpg/90px-Injection_Syringe_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Injection_Syringe_01.jpg/120px-Injection_Syringe_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="1386" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Human_anatomy#Major_organ_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Human anatomy">Organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intracavernous_injection" title="Intracavernous injection">Intracavernous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravitreal_administration" title="Intravitreal administration">Intravitreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intra-articular_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Intra-articular injection">Intra-articular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">Central nervous system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intracerebral_injection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intracerebral injection (page does not exist)">Intracerebral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrathecal_administration" title="Intrathecal administration">Intrathecal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidural_administration" title="Epidural administration">Epidural</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">Circulatory</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Human_musculoskeletal_system" title="Human musculoskeletal system">musculoskeletal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">Intravenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intracardiac_injection" title="Intracardiac injection">Intracardiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuscular_injection" title="Intramuscular injection">Intramuscular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraosseous_infusion" title="Intraosseous infusion">Intraosseous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraperitoneal_injection" title="Intraperitoneal injection">Intraperitoneal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanocell" title="Nanocell">Nanocell injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient-controlled_analgesia" title="Patient-controlled analgesia">Patient-controlled analgesia</a> pump</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIC_line" class="mw-redirect" title="PIC line">PIC line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Packaging" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Packaging" title="Template:Packaging"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Packaging" title="Template talk:Packaging"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Packaging" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Packaging"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Packaging" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Packaging" title="Packaging">Packaging</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_packaging" title="Active packaging">Active packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child-resistant_packaging" title="Child-resistant packaging">Child-resistant packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_packager" title="Contract packager">Contract packager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edible_packaging" title="Edible packaging">Edible packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere/modified_humidity_packaging" title="Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging">Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpackaging" title="Overpackaging">Overpackaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_delivery" title="Package delivery">Package delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_pilferage" title="Package pilferage">Package pilferage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_testing" title="Package testing">Package testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_theft" title="Package theft">Package theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_engineering" title="Packaging engineering">Packaging engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resealable_packaging" title="Resealable packaging">Resealable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">Shelf life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf-ready_packaging" title="Shelf-ready packaging">Shelf-ready packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf-stable_food" title="Shelf-stable food">Shelf-stable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_technology" title="Tamper-evident technology">Tamper-evident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamper resistance">Tamper resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_rage" title="Wrap rage">Wrap rage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Product<br />packages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_box" title="Ammunition box">Ammunition box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_box" title="Banana box">Banana box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bottle" title="Beer bottle">Beer bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_bag" title="Coffee bag">Coffee bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetic_packaging" title="Cosmetic packaging">Cosmetic packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_packaging" title="Currency packaging">Currency packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_food_packaging" title="Disposable food packaging">Disposable food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink_can" title="Drink can">Drink can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">Egg carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_packaging" title="Evidence packaging">Evidence packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_ration" title="Field ration">Field ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_sack" title="Flour sack">Flour sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">Foam food container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_container" title="Fuel container">Fuel container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">Gas cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_milk_bottle" title="Glass milk bottle">Glass milk bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growler_(jug)" title="Growler (jug)">Growler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juicebox_(container)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juicebox (container)">Juicebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_plastic_water_bottle" title="Low plastic water bottle">Low plastic water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_packaging" title="Luxury packaging">Luxury packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_bag" title="Milk bag">Milk bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_packaging" title="Optical disc packaging">Optical disc packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_pail" title="Oyster pail">Oyster pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave_popcorn" title="Microwave popcorn">Popcorn bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_packaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical packaging">Pharmaceutical packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_milk_container" title="Plastic milk container">Plastic milk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_Improved_Crop_Storage_bags" title="Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags">Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand bag">Sand bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_packaging" title="Seasonal packaging">Seasonal packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-heating_food_packaging" title="Self-heating food packaging">Self-heating food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-serve_coffee_container" title="Single-serve coffee container">Single-serve coffee container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_paint" title="Spray paint">Spray paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothpaste_pump_dispenser" title="Toothpaste pump dispenser">Toothpaste pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Unit dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_bottle" title="Water bottle">Water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Container" title="Container">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol_spray_dispenser" title="Aerosol spray dispenser">Aerosol spray dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_bottle" title="Aluminium bottle">Aluminium bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminum_can" title="Aluminum can">Aluminum can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampoule" title="Ampoule">Ampoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antistatic_bag" title="Antistatic bag">Antistatic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag-in-box" title="Bag-in-box">Bag-in-box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag" title="Bag">Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel" title="Barrel">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_bag" title="Biodegradable bag">Biodegradable bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">Blister pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boil-in-bag" title="Boil-in-bag">Boil-in-bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle" title="Bottle">Bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box" title="Box">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_box" title="Bulk box">Bulk box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage" title="Cage">Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_(goods)" title="Case (goods)">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboy" title="Carboy">Carboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carton" title="Carton">Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chub_(container)" title="Chub (container)">Chub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_(container)" title="Clamshell (container)">Clamshell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crate" title="Crate">Crate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_cup" title="Disposable cup">Disposable cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_(container)" title="Drum (container)">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endcap" title="Endcap">Endcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelope" title="Envelope">Envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_container" title="Euro container">Euro container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_intermediate_bulk_container" title="Flexible intermediate bulk container">Flexible intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_tank" title="Flexible tank">Flexible tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_carton" title="Folding carton">Folding carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_bottle" title="Glass bottle">Glass bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunny_sack" title="Gunny sack">Gunny sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhaler" title="Inhaler">Inhaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulated_shipping_container" title="Insulated shipping container">Insulated shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_bulk_container" title="Intermediate bulk container">Intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar" title="Jar">Jar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan">Jerrycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug" title="Jug">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keg" title="Keg">Keg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesh_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesh bag">Mesh bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilayered_packaging" title="Multilayered packaging">Multilayered packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pack" title="Multi-pack">Multi-pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_(container)" title="Packet (container)">Packet (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padded_envelope" title="Padded envelope">Padded envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pail_(container)" title="Pail (container)">Pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_bag" title="Paper bag">Paper bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper sack">Paper sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">Plastic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">Plastic bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retort_pouch" title="Retort pouch">Retort pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_drum" title="Salvage drum">Salvage drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachet" title="Sachet">Sachet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_sachet" title="Water sachet">Water sachet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_bag" title="Security bag">Security bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">Shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_tube" title="Shipping tube">Shipping tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_pack" title="Skin pack">Skin pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_bottle" title="Spray bottle">Spray bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squround" title="Squround">Squround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_pouch" title="Stand-up pouch">Stand-up pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_and_tin_cans" title="Steel and tin cans">Steel and tin cans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetra_Brik" title="Tetra Brik">Tetra Brik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_bag" title="Thermal bag">Thermal bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tub_(container)" title="Tub (container)">Tub (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_(container)" title="Tube (container)">Tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_load" title="Unit load">Unit load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vial" title="Vial">Vial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_box" title="Wooden box">Wooden box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials<br />and<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_foil" title="Aluminium foil">Aluminium foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bail_handle" title="Bail handle">Bail handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioplastic" title="Bioplastic">Bioplastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_plastic" title="Biodegradable plastic">Biodegradable plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoPET" title="BoPET">BoPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_wrap" title="Bubble wrap">Bubble wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bung" class="mw-redirect" title="Bung">Bung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellophane" title="Cellophane">Cellophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closure_(container)" title="Closure (container)">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coextrusion#Coextrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coextrusion">Coextrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_glass" title="Container glass">Container glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">Corrugated plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushioning">Cushioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiccant" title="Desiccant">Desiccant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_seam" title="Double seam">Double seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-top" title="Flip-top">Flip-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_peanut" title="Foam peanut">Foam peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gel_pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Gel pack">Gel pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">Hot-melt adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidity_indicator_card" title="Humidity indicator card">Humidity indicator card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label" title="Label">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lid" title="Lid">Lid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_low-density_polyethylene" title="Linear low-density polyethylene">Linear low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_packaging_board" title="Liquid packaging board">Liquid packaging board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_hinge" title="Living hinge">Living hinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-density_polyethylene" title="Low-density polyethylene">Low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_absorbent_pad" title="Meat absorbent pad">Meat absorbent pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallised_film" title="Metallised film">Metallised film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere" title="Modified atmosphere">Modified atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molded_pulp" title="Molded pulp">Molded pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric" title="Nonwoven fabric">Nonwoven fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwrap" title="Overwrap">Overwrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_scavenger" title="Oxygen scavenger">Oxygen scavenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_handle" title="Package handle">Package handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_gas" title="Packaging gas">Packaging gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet" title="Pallet">Pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_pallet" title="Paper pallet">Paper pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">Plastic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pallet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic pallet">Plastic pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_wrap" title="Plastic wrap">Plastic wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">Polypropylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-sensitive_tape" title="Pressure-sensitive tape">Pressure-sensitive tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_dispenser" title="Pump dispenser">Pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap" title="Screw cap">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Security printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_tape" title="Security tape">Security tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_detector" title="Shock detector">Shock detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_vibration_data_logger" title="Shock and vibration data logger">Shock and vibration data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_wrap" title="Shrink wrap">Shrink wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_sheet" title="Slip sheet">Slip sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_(fastener)" title="Staple (fastener)">Staple (fastener)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapping" title="Strapping">Strapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretch_wrap" title="Stretch wrap">Stretch wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susceptor" title="Susceptor">Susceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_band" title="Tamper-evident band">Tamper-evident band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_tape" title="Tear tape">Tear tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperature_data_logger" title="Temperature data logger">Temperature data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_temperature_indicator" title="Time temperature indicator">Time temperature indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinning" title="Tinning">Tinplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velostat" title="Velostat">Velostat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aseptic_processing" title="Aseptic processing">Aseptic processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_identification_and_data_capture" title="Automatic identification and data capture">Automatic identification and data capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_fill_seal" title="Blow fill seal">Blow fill seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Converting" class="mw-redirect" title="Converting">Converting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_treatment" title="Corona treatment">Corona treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_coating" title="Curtain coating">Curtain coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_cutting_(web)" title="Die cutting (web)">Die cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_forming_(plastics)" title="Die forming (plastics)">Die forming (plastics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_article_surveillance" title="Electronic article surveillance">Electronic article surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion_coating" title="Extrusion coating">Extrusion coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_treatment" title="Flame treatment">Flame treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis_and_critical_control_points" title="Hazard analysis and critical control points">Hazard analysis and critical control points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_seal" title="Hermetic seal">Hermetic seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_sealing" title="Induction sealing">Induction sealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamination" title="Lamination">Lamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">Laser cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">Molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_tracking" title="Package tracking">Package tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_extrusion" title="Plastic extrusion">Plastic extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_welding" title="Plastic welding">Plastic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Product development">Product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_control" title="Production control">Production control</a></li> <li><a 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machinery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_printer" title="Barcode printer">Barcode printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Barcode reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottling_line" title="Bottling line">Bottling line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_seamer" title="Can seamer">Can seamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_torque_tester" title="Cap torque tester">Cap torque tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoning_machine" title="Cartoning machine">Cartoning machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_sealer" title="Case sealer">Case sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_weigher" title="Check weigher">Check weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_pump" title="Drum pump">Drum pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_core_stretch_wrapper" title="Extended core stretch wrapper">Extended core stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filler_(packaging)" title="Filler (packaging)">Filler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun">Heat gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_sealer" title="Heat sealer">Heat sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_robot" title="Industrial robot">Industrial robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_molding_machine" title="Injection molding machine">Injection molding machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_printer_applicator" title="Label printer applicator">Label printer applicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineshaft_roller_conveyor" title="Lineshaft roller conveyor">Lineshaft roller conveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_automation" title="Logistics automation">Logistics automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material-handling_equipment" title="Material-handling equipment">Material-handling equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_brake_stretch_wrapper" title="Mechanical brake stretch wrapper">Mechanical brake stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multihead_weigher" title="Multihead weigher">Multihead weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_stretch_wrapper" title="Orbital stretch wrapper">Orbital stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_machinery" title="Packaging machinery">Packaging machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_inverter" title="Pallet inverter">Pallet inverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palletizer" title="Palletizer">Palletizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_wheel_blow_molding_systems" title="Rotary wheel blow molding systems">Rotary wheel blow molding systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed-counting_machine" title="Seed-counting machine">Seed-counting machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_tunnel" title="Shrink tunnel">Shrink tunnel</a></li> <li><a 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