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href="https://www.academia.edu/40912727/VILLAGE_AND_CHURCH_THE_RELATION_BETWEEN_THE_ECCLESIASTICAL_TOPOGRAPHY_AND_THE_MEDIEVAL_SETTLEMENT_SYSTEM_IN_CS%C3%8DK_SEAT_EAST_TRANSYLVANIA_ROMANIA_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of VILLAGE AND CHURCH. THE RELATION BETWEEN THE ECCLESIASTICAL TOPOGRAPHY AND THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT SYSTEM IN CSÍK‑SEAT (EAST‑TRANSYLVANIA, ROMANIA)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61201542/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40912727/VILLAGE_AND_CHURCH_THE_RELATION_BETWEEN_THE_ECCLESIASTICAL_TOPOGRAPHY_AND_THE_MEDIEVAL_SETTLEMENT_SYSTEM_IN_CS%C3%8DK_SEAT_EAST_TRANSYLVANIA_ROMANIA_">VILLAGE AND CHURCH. THE RELATION BETWEEN THE ECCLESIASTICAL TOPOGRAPHY AND THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT SYSTEM IN CSÍK‑SEAT (EAST‑TRANSYLVANIA, ROMANIA)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>DACIA N.S.</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Ciuc‑basin, the former Csík‑seat in medieval times, is located at the eastern periphery of Tr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Ciuc‑basin, the former Csík‑seat in medieval times, is located at the eastern periphery of Transylvania, at the border region of the medieval Hungarian Kingdom. Due to its geographical position, it creates a real opportunity to examine the centre – periphery relations, especially because it has preserved almost unchanged the medieval network of settlements and churches. The geographical situation limits the areas available for the human habitation and, in the meantime, compared to the central or the more exposed regions, there are no abandoned churches or deserted settlements. Therefore, the preserved medieval settlement system offers a good opportunity to analyse several aspects of the ecclesiastical topography.<br />This region appeared in the written sources only at the beginning of the 14th century, when 15 churches were mentioned in the Ciuc‑basin (and two more at Gheorgheni and Cașin). These parish churches had, very probably, contemporary subordinated filia villages lacking their own churches. From the 16th‑17th century sources, the number of such filia settlements can be estimated to around 50. A church network could not have been formed without a solid demographic background, although one faces a methodological problem: how far back into the past should we go when taking into consideration the parish churches and their subordinated villages, given the fact that in the written sources they appeared at a later date?<br />The research of place names revealed the fact that local toponymy has several layers, typologically and chronologically different, and some of them seem to originate prior to the 13th‑14th centuries. At the same time, archaeological research (excavations and field work) identified several 11th/12th‑13th century sites even in the filia villages mentioned in documents only in the 16th century. The archaeological material was dated not just by observed analogies but also by independent 14C AMS dates. The archaeological (and toponymic) data supports the affirmation that the settlement system on which the parish network could have formed existed in the 12th century.<br />The archaeological excavations of the last two decades documented pre‑Gothic periods at all investigated churches, although the chronology of these earlier periods is ambiguous or impossible to establish because the dating elements were missing. Ciuc remained Catholic throughout its entire history, with churches and their surrounding cemeteries used continuously from the construction date until the present. Newer, deeper and larger graves systematically destroyed medieval graves, therefore most investigated graves around the medieval churches of Ciuc are relatively recent. Fortunately, in some cases, under later architectural elements (such as buttresses) or in undisturbed places, early graves containing 12th century artefacts/grave goods were documented, with this date also confirmed by 14C dates. Based on this, one can presume that the first churches (some of them of wood?) were built during the 12th century.<br />The parish network was most surely in place by the beginning of the 14th century, and continued to function almost unchanged till the 18th‑19th centuries, when some earlier filia villages obtained parish rights and built new churches of their own. The ratio of the medieval parish churches to villages was 1:3 on average, but this represents a mean value obtained from variable ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:6. The church network was surprisingly dense, with the distance between two churches of ca. 4‑5 km, and all settlements were within a radius of 5 km from at least one parish church.<br />Chapels were also important elements in the ecclesiastical topography. The first were built in the 14th century outside the villages, but the modalities and the reasons of their construction are not really known. The second group of chapels appeared inside the filia villages in the 15th‑16th centuries. In this case, the motivation can be easily guessed: they were built at the initiative of the local elite and community. The main reason was to create possibilities to have local Masses instead of walking regularly to the neighbourhood parish church. Naturally, those chapels became key elements in the process of founding new parishes in the modern periods, when the present‑day ecclesiastical organisation got its final shape.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5fd3127373b7ab2be492df3ae0ac7d7c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61201542,"asset_id":40912727,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61201542/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40912727"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40912727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40912727; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40912727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40912727]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40912727; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40912727']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40912727, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5fd3127373b7ab2be492df3ae0ac7d7c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40912727]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40912727,"title":"VILLAGE AND CHURCH. THE RELATION BETWEEN THE ECCLESIASTICAL TOPOGRAPHY AND THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT SYSTEM IN CSÍK‑SEAT (EAST‑TRANSYLVANIA, ROMANIA)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"tome LXI","abstract":"The Ciuc‑basin, the former Csík‑seat in medieval times, is located at the eastern periphery of Transylvania, at the border region of the medieval Hungarian Kingdom. Due to its geographical position, it creates a real opportunity to examine the centre – periphery relations, especially because it has preserved almost unchanged the medieval network of settlements and churches. The geographical situation limits the areas available for the human habitation and, in the meantime, compared to the central or the more exposed regions, there are no abandoned churches or deserted settlements. Therefore, the preserved medieval settlement system offers a good opportunity to analyse several aspects of the ecclesiastical topography.\nThis region appeared in the written sources only at the beginning of the 14th century, when 15 churches were mentioned in the Ciuc‑basin (and two more at Gheorgheni and Cașin). These parish churches had, very probably, contemporary subordinated filia villages lacking their own churches. From the 16th‑17th century sources, the number of such filia settlements can be estimated to around 50. A church network could not have been formed without a solid demographic background, although one faces a methodological problem: how far back into the past should we go when taking into consideration the parish churches and their subordinated villages, given the fact that in the written sources they appeared at a later date?\nThe research of place names revealed the fact that local toponymy has several layers, typologically and chronologically different, and some of them seem to originate prior to the 13th‑14th centuries. At the same time, archaeological research (excavations and field work) identified several 11th/12th‑13th century sites even in the filia villages mentioned in documents only in the 16th century. The archaeological material was dated not just by observed analogies but also by independent 14C AMS dates. The archaeological (and toponymic) data supports the affirmation that the settlement system on which the parish network could have formed existed in the 12th century.\nThe archaeological excavations of the last two decades documented pre‑Gothic periods at all investigated churches, although the chronology of these earlier periods is ambiguous or impossible to establish because the dating elements were missing. Ciuc remained Catholic throughout its entire history, with churches and their surrounding cemeteries used continuously from the construction date until the present. Newer, deeper and larger graves systematically destroyed medieval graves, therefore most investigated graves around the medieval churches of Ciuc are relatively recent. Fortunately, in some cases, under later architectural elements (such as buttresses) or in undisturbed places, early graves containing 12th century artefacts/grave goods were documented, with this date also confirmed by 14C dates. Based on this, one can presume that the first churches (some of them of wood?) were built during the 12th century.\nThe parish network was most surely in place by the beginning of the 14th century, and continued to function almost unchanged till the 18th‑19th centuries, when some earlier filia villages obtained parish rights and built new churches of their own. The ratio of the medieval parish churches to villages was 1:3 on average, but this represents a mean value obtained from variable ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:6. The church network was surprisingly dense, with the distance between two churches of ca. 4‑5 km, and all settlements were within a radius of 5 km from at least one parish church.\nChapels were also important elements in the ecclesiastical topography. The first were built in the 14th century outside the villages, but the modalities and the reasons of their construction are not really known. The second group of chapels appeared inside the filia villages in the 15th‑16th centuries. In this case, the motivation can be easily guessed: they were built at the initiative of the local elite and community. The main reason was to create possibilities to have local Masses instead of walking regularly to the neighbourhood parish church. Naturally, those chapels became key elements in the process of founding new parishes in the modern periods, when the present‑day ecclesiastical organisation got its final shape.","page_numbers":"155‑182","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"DACIA N.S."},"translated_abstract":"The Ciuc‑basin, the former Csík‑seat in medieval times, is located at the eastern periphery of Transylvania, at the border region of the medieval Hungarian Kingdom. Due to its geographical position, it creates a real opportunity to examine the centre – periphery relations, especially because it has preserved almost unchanged the medieval network of settlements and churches. The geographical situation limits the areas available for the human habitation and, in the meantime, compared to the central or the more exposed regions, there are no abandoned churches or deserted settlements. Therefore, the preserved medieval settlement system offers a good opportunity to analyse several aspects of the ecclesiastical topography.\nThis region appeared in the written sources only at the beginning of the 14th century, when 15 churches were mentioned in the Ciuc‑basin (and two more at Gheorgheni and Cașin). These parish churches had, very probably, contemporary subordinated filia villages lacking their own churches. From the 16th‑17th century sources, the number of such filia settlements can be estimated to around 50. A church network could not have been formed without a solid demographic background, although one faces a methodological problem: how far back into the past should we go when taking into consideration the parish churches and their subordinated villages, given the fact that in the written sources they appeared at a later date?\nThe research of place names revealed the fact that local toponymy has several layers, typologically and chronologically different, and some of them seem to originate prior to the 13th‑14th centuries. At the same time, archaeological research (excavations and field work) identified several 11th/12th‑13th century sites even in the filia villages mentioned in documents only in the 16th century. The archaeological material was dated not just by observed analogies but also by independent 14C AMS dates. The archaeological (and toponymic) data supports the affirmation that the settlement system on which the parish network could have formed existed in the 12th century.\nThe archaeological excavations of the last two decades documented pre‑Gothic periods at all investigated churches, although the chronology of these earlier periods is ambiguous or impossible to establish because the dating elements were missing. Ciuc remained Catholic throughout its entire history, with churches and their surrounding cemeteries used continuously from the construction date until the present. Newer, deeper and larger graves systematically destroyed medieval graves, therefore most investigated graves around the medieval churches of Ciuc are relatively recent. Fortunately, in some cases, under later architectural elements (such as buttresses) or in undisturbed places, early graves containing 12th century artefacts/grave goods were documented, with this date also confirmed by 14C dates. Based on this, one can presume that the first churches (some of them of wood?) were built during the 12th century.\nThe parish network was most surely in place by the beginning of the 14th century, and continued to function almost unchanged till the 18th‑19th centuries, when some earlier filia villages obtained parish rights and built new churches of their own. The ratio of the medieval parish churches to villages was 1:3 on average, but this represents a mean value obtained from variable ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:6. The church network was surprisingly dense, with the distance between two churches of ca. 4‑5 km, and all settlements were within a radius of 5 km from at least one parish church.\nChapels were also important elements in the ecclesiastical topography. The first were built in the 14th century outside the villages, but the modalities and the reasons of their construction are not really known. The second group of chapels appeared inside the filia villages in the 15th‑16th centuries. In this case, the motivation can be easily guessed: they were built at the initiative of the local elite and community. The main reason was to create possibilities to have local Masses instead of walking regularly to the neighbourhood parish church. Naturally, those chapels became key elements in the process of founding new parishes in the modern periods, when the present‑day ecclesiastical organisation got its final shape.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40912727/VILLAGE_AND_CHURCH_THE_RELATION_BETWEEN_THE_ECCLESIASTICAL_TOPOGRAPHY_AND_THE_MEDIEVAL_SETTLEMENT_SYSTEM_IN_CS%C3%8DK_SEAT_EAST_TRANSYLVANIA_ROMANIA_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-11-13T02:18:58.251-08:00","section":"history","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61201542,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61201542/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_DACIA_LXI_04_2017_egyhaztopi20191113-70592-1mgal4.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61201542/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"VILLAGE_AND_CHURCH_THE_RELATION_BETWEEN.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61201542/Botar_DACIA_LXI_04_2017_egyhaztopi20191113-70592-1mgal4-libre.pdf?1573641337=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVILLAGE_AND_CHURCH_THE_RELATION_BETWEEN.pdf\u0026Expires=1733136723\u0026Signature=XRiWVxdsZ8n~JfXRLEWzyYNt84JfCmYslvWP0JMr7C8ZupCo6UOJAVN8Nz-jH90KlifsQcBFy6ey5Wr7tYm48SmhDLP9cKePcpw2iOUbz0wZKtHAi8NpJB-bnReLFfEgkWvJYmZflMpBvaVqjrZREcn4Zo01v5LcGBPkGU8uSfbyqEo4PttXfXzAfC7jxImo66OQDXhz3x-rrg3AVS-dVhXqS3jP1rUGe-0WNrJ16SL5koJLE8J1GeMFQST7fBpo41eNSzilHyNs6mT5Z9sfqTbTA6IUkfKPwD-aiJB4-ihm75A0T9PbvmHdgSXS--XBqIGP3ALuFBq0~~6E9dyv8w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"VILLAGE_AND_CHURCH_THE_RELATION_BETWEEN_THE_ECCLESIASTICAL_TOPOGRAPHY_AND_THE_MEDIEVAL_SETTLEMENT_SYSTEM_IN_CSÍK_SEAT_EAST_TRANSYLVANIA_ROMANIA_","translated_slug":"","page_count":36,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":61201542,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61201542/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_DACIA_LXI_04_2017_egyhaztopi20191113-70592-1mgal4.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61201542/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"VILLAGE_AND_CHURCH_THE_RELATION_BETWEEN.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61201542/Botar_DACIA_LXI_04_2017_egyhaztopi20191113-70592-1mgal4-libre.pdf?1573641337=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVILLAGE_AND_CHURCH_THE_RELATION_BETWEEN.pdf\u0026Expires=1733136723\u0026Signature=XRiWVxdsZ8n~JfXRLEWzyYNt84JfCmYslvWP0JMr7C8ZupCo6UOJAVN8Nz-jH90KlifsQcBFy6ey5Wr7tYm48SmhDLP9cKePcpw2iOUbz0wZKtHAi8NpJB-bnReLFfEgkWvJYmZflMpBvaVqjrZREcn4Zo01v5LcGBPkGU8uSfbyqEo4PttXfXzAfC7jxImo66OQDXhz3x-rrg3AVS-dVhXqS3jP1rUGe-0WNrJ16SL5koJLE8J1GeMFQST7fBpo41eNSzilHyNs6mT5Z9sfqTbTA6IUkfKPwD-aiJB4-ihm75A0T9PbvmHdgSXS--XBqIGP3ALuFBq0~~6E9dyv8w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7281,"name":"Medieval Ecclesiastical History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Ecclesiastical_History"},{"id":7617,"name":"Medieval Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Church_History"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":14254,"name":"Archaeology of Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Buildings"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42919389"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42919389/A_Cs%C3%ADki_medence_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_k%C3%B6rnyezeti_viszonyair%C3%B3l"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Csíki-medence középkori környezeti viszonyairól" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63170282/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42919389/A_Cs%C3%ADki_medence_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_k%C3%B6rnyezeti_viszonyair%C3%B3l">A Csíki-medence középkori környezeti viszonyairól</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MARISIA</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Ciuc-basin is known as one of the coldest regions of the country, where the forests are mainl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Ciuc-basin is known as one of the coldest regions of the country, where the forests are mainly formed of pines and this vision is regularly projected to the Medieval Times. Archaeological data does not confirm this presumption, on 3–15th century sites often appear carbonised oak pieces. Oak timber elements can be found also in medieval churches and manors. From the 3 –4th and 16–17th centuries there are several data regarding intensive metallurgy activities which needed a huge amount of hard wood, namely oak and beech. The former oak forests are mentioned in the written sources, their memory is proven by the place names and also by pollen-data of environment history researches. The main conclusions of the paper are: the better climate conditions of the post-roman and medieval periods were more likely with those of central Transylvania and allowed the development of local human communities. The internal low-situated (oak) forests were cleared<br />continuously specially in the 17–18th centuries. Once the climate changes of the small ice-age its effects were stronger in the Ciuc-depression due its high altitude and thermic inversion phenomenon. In these conditions the competition between species was won by the pines. The present flora and forest situation of the intra-mountain<br />depressions was formed by the fallowing factors: human interventions (clearing), cooling of the climate (“little ice age”) and competition among the species. The projection of the present environment situations into the historical times could lead to erroneous interpretations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d04973679d9751f3c42703b2888914ba" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63170282,"asset_id":42919389,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63170282/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42919389"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42919389"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42919389; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42919389]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42919389]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42919389; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42919389']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42919389, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d04973679d9751f3c42703b2888914ba" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42919389]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42919389,"title":"A Csíki-medence középkori környezeti viszonyairól","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Ciuc-basin is known as one of the coldest regions of the country, where the forests are mainly formed of pines and this vision is regularly projected to the Medieval Times. Archaeological data does not confirm this presumption, on 3–15th century sites often appear carbonised oak pieces. Oak timber elements can be found also in medieval churches and manors. From the 3 –4th and 16–17th centuries there are several data regarding intensive metallurgy activities which needed a huge amount of hard wood, namely oak and beech. The former oak forests are mentioned in the written sources, their memory is proven by the place names and also by pollen-data of environment history researches. The main conclusions of the paper are: the better climate conditions of the post-roman and medieval periods were more likely with those of central Transylvania and allowed the development of local human communities. The internal low-situated (oak) forests were cleared\ncontinuously specially in the 17–18th centuries. Once the climate changes of the small ice-age its effects were stronger in the Ciuc-depression due its high altitude and thermic inversion phenomenon. In these conditions the competition between species was won by the pines. The present flora and forest situation of the intra-mountain\ndepressions was formed by the fallowing factors: human interventions (clearing), cooling of the climate (“little ice age”) and competition among the species. The projection of the present environment situations into the historical times could lead to erroneous interpretations.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"MARISIA"},"translated_abstract":"The Ciuc-basin is known as one of the coldest regions of the country, where the forests are mainly formed of pines and this vision is regularly projected to the Medieval Times. Archaeological data does not confirm this presumption, on 3–15th century sites often appear carbonised oak pieces. Oak timber elements can be found also in medieval churches and manors. From the 3 –4th and 16–17th centuries there are several data regarding intensive metallurgy activities which needed a huge amount of hard wood, namely oak and beech. The former oak forests are mentioned in the written sources, their memory is proven by the place names and also by pollen-data of environment history researches. The main conclusions of the paper are: the better climate conditions of the post-roman and medieval periods were more likely with those of central Transylvania and allowed the development of local human communities. The internal low-situated (oak) forests were cleared\ncontinuously specially in the 17–18th centuries. Once the climate changes of the small ice-age its effects were stronger in the Ciuc-depression due its high altitude and thermic inversion phenomenon. In these conditions the competition between species was won by the pines. The present flora and forest situation of the intra-mountain\ndepressions was formed by the fallowing factors: human interventions (clearing), cooling of the climate (“little ice age”) and competition among the species. The projection of the present environment situations into the historical times could lead to erroneous interpretations.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42919389/A_Cs%C3%ADki_medence_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_k%C3%B6rnyezeti_viszonyair%C3%B3l","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-05-02T02:49:29.910-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63170282,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63170282/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Marisia_Kornyezet20200502-107523-4ir25u.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63170282/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Csiki_medence_kozepkori_kornyezeti_vis.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63170282/Botar_Marisia_Kornyezet20200502-107523-4ir25u-libre.pdf?1588416359=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Csiki_medence_kozepkori_kornyezeti_vis.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201388\u0026Signature=LHCyq2X0xv3h0S1tjSVNxViUwyeaqQ5RvnlXNjddKydwa9rYmx436qgyHN9WT9nYjbRD8m8Meo8gx-8~OLLat9DwpOtMAlxzG50ySHkpPt5K9MDGXfRwSvkYb9H-uwYXZUmnTqb-~7B2uCpqkR3erdSsjD-DPfnNyTbvYEHRv7QDx0-ON9xkfX9YtuiUCJIo8yStmtzHiMMjvoTBbTxVq2Tz9axTjbdU7Vf2bs5SRvzLNoeaUFBtRyGKJLZCQO1-1OCUcHtN8LbCuyZy06hld6sZg25x9137Bg1k6zzJi~e8eFpIIAmBe7U7RpWA0P7KTAZ~o2pf5yeYSvy9a5yqZw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_Csíki_medence_középkori_környezeti_viszonyairól","translated_slug":"","page_count":32,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":63170282,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63170282/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Marisia_Kornyezet20200502-107523-4ir25u.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63170282/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Csiki_medence_kozepkori_kornyezeti_vis.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63170282/Botar_Marisia_Kornyezet20200502-107523-4ir25u-libre.pdf?1588416359=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Csiki_medence_kozepkori_kornyezeti_vis.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201388\u0026Signature=LHCyq2X0xv3h0S1tjSVNxViUwyeaqQ5RvnlXNjddKydwa9rYmx436qgyHN9WT9nYjbRD8m8Meo8gx-8~OLLat9DwpOtMAlxzG50ySHkpPt5K9MDGXfRwSvkYb9H-uwYXZUmnTqb-~7B2uCpqkR3erdSsjD-DPfnNyTbvYEHRv7QDx0-ON9xkfX9YtuiUCJIo8yStmtzHiMMjvoTBbTxVq2Tz9axTjbdU7Vf2bs5SRvzLNoeaUFBtRyGKJLZCQO1-1OCUcHtN8LbCuyZy06hld6sZg25x9137Bg1k6zzJi~e8eFpIIAmBe7U7RpWA0P7KTAZ~o2pf5yeYSvy9a5yqZw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":9117,"name":"Dendrochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendrochronology"},{"id":34818,"name":"Toponymy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toponymy"},{"id":35357,"name":"Enviromental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enviromental_Studies"},{"id":80658,"name":"Climate history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_history"},{"id":113086,"name":"Forest History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_History"},{"id":258267,"name":"Historical and Cultural Geography, Landscape and Memory, Toponymy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_and_Cultural_Geography_Landscape_and_Memory_Toponymy"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"},{"id":521671,"name":"Oak forests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oak_forests"},{"id":741966,"name":"Enviromental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enviromental_Archaeology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1471678"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1471678/Falu_szeg_t%C3%ADzes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Falu, szeg, tízes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11523695/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1471678/Falu_szeg_t%C3%ADzes">Falu, szeg, tízes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">REMARKS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS Abstract A significant number of publications...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">REMARKS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS <br />Abstract <br />A significant number of publications regarding the settlement system of the Ciuc-basin propagates the idea that the tenner (Hung: tízes) – as a geographically separate settlement <br />part – has its origins in the Middle Ages, or even that it was the basic unit during the formation of the villages.Anobjective analysis of the written records, analogies, placenames and archaeological finds did not confirme this theory. Many of the settlement units called tenners in modern times were independent villages until the 16th century, others split from them during the medieval times, but they were called szegek. The place names, and settlement units connected with szegek are surely earlier as those with tenners. <br />The tenner as a military, social, economical organisation form does originate in the medieval times, but has no connection with the formation of the settlement system. The use of the term tenner with a changed meaning regarding villages, individual settlement <br />parts (szegek) can be attested only in later periods. Even so the tenner has a great role preserving the identity, territory and name of formal settlement units.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2e3273c5504ab0e4c1f35097a0fcc8e3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":11523695,"asset_id":1471678,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11523695/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1471678"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1471678"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1471678; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1471678]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1471678]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1471678; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1471678']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1471678, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2e3273c5504ab0e4c1f35097a0fcc8e3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1471678]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1471678,"title":"Falu, szeg, tízes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"REMARKS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS\r\nAbstract\r\nA significant number of publications regarding the settlement system of the Ciuc-basin propagates the idea that the tenner (Hung: tízes) – as a geographically separate settlement\r\npart – has its origins in the Middle Ages, or even that it was the basic unit during the formation of the villages.Anobjective analysis of the written records, analogies, placenames and archaeological finds did not confirme this theory. Many of the settlement units called tenners in modern times were independent villages until the 16th century, others split from them during the medieval times, but they were called szegek. The place names, and settlement units connected with szegek are surely earlier as those with tenners.\r\nThe tenner as a military, social, economical organisation form does originate in the medieval times, but has no connection with the formation of the settlement system. The use of the term tenner with a changed meaning regarding villages, individual settlement\r\nparts (szegek) can be attested only in later periods. Even so the tenner has a great role preserving the identity, territory and name of formal settlement units.","more_info":"in: A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve VII. 2011. 11-26."},"translated_abstract":"REMARKS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS\r\nAbstract\r\nA significant number of publications regarding the settlement system of the Ciuc-basin propagates the idea that the tenner (Hung: tízes) – as a geographically separate settlement\r\npart – has its origins in the Middle Ages, or even that it was the basic unit during the formation of the villages.Anobjective analysis of the written records, analogies, placenames and archaeological finds did not confirme this theory. Many of the settlement units called tenners in modern times were independent villages until the 16th century, others split from them during the medieval times, but they were called szegek. The place names, and settlement units connected with szegek are surely earlier as those with tenners.\r\nThe tenner as a military, social, economical organisation form does originate in the medieval times, but has no connection with the formation of the settlement system. The use of the term tenner with a changed meaning regarding villages, individual settlement\r\nparts (szegek) can be attested only in later periods. Even so the tenner has a great role preserving the identity, territory and name of formal settlement units.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1471678/Falu_szeg_t%C3%ADzes","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-03-12T23:05:42.549-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11523695,"title":"Falu, szeg, tízes","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11523695/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Falu, szeg, tizes.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11523695/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Falu_szeg_tizes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11523695/Falu__szeg__tizes-libre.pdf?1390859335=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFalu_szeg_tizes.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201388\u0026Signature=F5gljLe6B3AQBuf8ymue9iEGxXJH~M2umbjMBg3~~x8uJwRH8hc-wWHY9-fGinZdh2D2c9juJkfQgOxV4S40wgb5dc8nYuY0EOj~MHsiaf7xbK1mEyXRrYJPMrwTGQfQc5kkmMoAzFRpp8Yn62wLEijKvWi2FzAYqC2g2qJ1E-jMbwJq4bMPwlt9NKb~RZzQ9j8X~jNXykjgsEi-Icu2iE-7HNTDzBCHQjkP0roZYEi3cGuMf2qaLmXZHJDB-c~sZOzEBZDNYIacwKEXJi6RVVw-E7otEF9wF0-GP2uCrJgB1oJ0-9ruBerev9TaNppTbRXQqWAaBsxmoH6x-GrHuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Falu_szeg_tízes","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":11523695,"title":"Falu, szeg, tízes","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11523695/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Falu, szeg, tizes.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11523695/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Falu_szeg_tizes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11523695/Falu__szeg__tizes-libre.pdf?1390859335=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFalu_szeg_tizes.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201388\u0026Signature=F5gljLe6B3AQBuf8ymue9iEGxXJH~M2umbjMBg3~~x8uJwRH8hc-wWHY9-fGinZdh2D2c9juJkfQgOxV4S40wgb5dc8nYuY0EOj~MHsiaf7xbK1mEyXRrYJPMrwTGQfQc5kkmMoAzFRpp8Yn62wLEijKvWi2FzAYqC2g2qJ1E-jMbwJq4bMPwlt9NKb~RZzQ9j8X~jNXykjgsEi-Icu2iE-7HNTDzBCHQjkP0roZYEi3cGuMf2qaLmXZHJDB-c~sZOzEBZDNYIacwKEXJi6RVVw-E7otEF9wF0-GP2uCrJgB1oJ0-9ruBerev9TaNppTbRXQqWAaBsxmoH6x-GrHuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies"},{"id":425791,"name":"Transsylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transsylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1041275"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1041275/Cs%C3%ADk_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9st%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9nek_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9sei_a_helynevek_%C3%A9s_a_r%C3%A9g%C3%A9szeti_adatok_f%C3%A9ny%C3%A9ben"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Csík Árpád-kori településtörténetének kérdései a helynevek és a régészeti adatok fényében" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6360219/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1041275/Cs%C3%ADk_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9st%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9nek_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9sei_a_helynevek_%C3%A9s_a_r%C3%A9g%C3%A9szeti_adatok_f%C3%A9ny%C3%A9ben">Csík Árpád-kori településtörténetének kérdései a helynevek és a régészeti adatok fényében</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Historical place names reflect many information about the history of a particular region. Such da...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Historical place names reflect many information about the history of a particular region. Such data is essential especially on those cases when written sources do not mention these areas or certain periods. The Csík-basin (Eastern Carpathians) appears in  documents first only in the 14th century but even after the documents are very rare. Therefore the archaeological and written data is essential during the reconstruction attempts of the history of the early medieval (10-14th century) history of the area. <br />The paper presents the classical approach of the literature regarding the place names of Csík. So far a very late ,13-14th century inhabitation was proposed by earlier scholars.  Based on archaeological data, that surely proves a earlier settlement system (11-12th century) the paper suggests that a new methodological perspective is necessary for the interpretation of the place names. If the new data is accepted (typologically “early” place names documented not in contemporary but later documents) the contradiction between the archaeological data and toponimy can be resolved. Surely the two methods (archaeology, toponimy) may not influence each other, but the results have to be concluded in a acceptable way, and in the author’s opinion a independent analysis of the separate data has the same result: the first settlements can be dated both archaeologically and  also by the place names to the middle of the Árpádian-age (11-12th century).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a06ba000bd07e3bb6317d3c3fb38fe5f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":6360219,"asset_id":1041275,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6360219/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1041275"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1041275"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1041275; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1041275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1041275]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1041275; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1041275']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1041275, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a06ba000bd07e3bb6317d3c3fb38fe5f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1041275]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1041275,"title":"Csík Árpád-kori településtörténetének kérdései a helynevek és a régészeti adatok fényében","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Historical place names reflect many information about the history of a particular region. Such data is essential especially on those cases when written sources do not mention these areas or certain periods. The Csík-basin (Eastern Carpathians) appears in documents first only in the 14th century but even after the documents are very rare. Therefore the archaeological and written data is essential during the reconstruction attempts of the history of the early medieval (10-14th century) history of the area.\r\nThe paper presents the classical approach of the literature regarding the place names of Csík. So far a very late ,13-14th century inhabitation was proposed by earlier scholars. Based on archaeological data, that surely proves a earlier settlement system (11-12th century) the paper suggests that a new methodological perspective is necessary for the interpretation of the place names. If the new data is accepted (typologically “early” place names documented not in contemporary but later documents) the contradiction between the archaeological data and toponimy can be resolved. Surely the two methods (archaeology, toponimy) may not influence each other, but the results have to be concluded in a acceptable way, and in the author’s opinion a independent analysis of the separate data has the same result: the first settlements can be dated both archaeologically and also by the place names to the middle of the Árpádian-age (11-12th century). \r\n","more_info":"IN: Helynévtörténeti tanulmányok 3. Szerk. Hoffman István – Tóth Valéria, Debrecen, 2008. 71-94"},"translated_abstract":"Historical place names reflect many information about the history of a particular region. Such data is essential especially on those cases when written sources do not mention these areas or certain periods. The Csík-basin (Eastern Carpathians) appears in documents first only in the 14th century but even after the documents are very rare. Therefore the archaeological and written data is essential during the reconstruction attempts of the history of the early medieval (10-14th century) history of the area.\r\nThe paper presents the classical approach of the literature regarding the place names of Csík. So far a very late ,13-14th century inhabitation was proposed by earlier scholars. Based on archaeological data, that surely proves a earlier settlement system (11-12th century) the paper suggests that a new methodological perspective is necessary for the interpretation of the place names. If the new data is accepted (typologically “early” place names documented not in contemporary but later documents) the contradiction between the archaeological data and toponimy can be resolved. Surely the two methods (archaeology, toponimy) may not influence each other, but the results have to be concluded in a acceptable way, and in the author’s opinion a independent analysis of the separate data has the same result: the first settlements can be dated both archaeologically and also by the place names to the middle of the Árpádian-age (11-12th century). \r\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1041275/Cs%C3%ADk_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9st%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9nek_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9sei_a_helynevek_%C3%A9s_a_r%C3%A9g%C3%A9szeti_adatok_f%C3%A9ny%C3%A9ben","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-10-25T06:05:01.761-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6360219,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6360219/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Csik_Arpad-kori_telepulestortenetenek_kerdesei.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6360219/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Csik_Arpad_kori_telepulestortenetenek_ke.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/6360219/Csik_Arpad-kori_telepulestortenetenek_kerdesei-libre.pdf?1390845825=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCsik_Arpad_kori_telepulestortenetenek_ke.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201388\u0026Signature=X5IHkO4gwSHZqhrd0XKA08KesbJHk7EeX-hAVhohqKRaum8WjxMfwTWhwukSoAjbQUDE8C-5sbZ-sILIz-dBd3cpurT8dA0ZzbIDHHYEnKHSGI20mvc5chTNv0UmiJQw6OBNSoNcYZI3-8pjZdfT1huQXoZgCFE~xDYTttE0h0BMPkE3To8XN0L2xDLxfo-bJ35L1tREclqUS4~My6VY1fUrNpX7iILa4vVJZmUAA1DSBSf7icIAsSn5j1h4uqWMk3t0NNErsJepqYla8NRPUwP3TkUv-veTlEqB6Xfh07-hTR2rV8-AN9gJWxTBcfUkTh33PI~OJdiZ4logRaDwzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Csík_Árpád_kori_településtörténetének_kérdései_a_helynevek_és_a_régészeti_adatok_fényében","translated_slug":"","page_count":24,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":6360219,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6360219/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Csik_Arpad-kori_telepulestortenetenek_kerdesei.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6360219/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Csik_Arpad_kori_telepulestortenetenek_ke.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/6360219/Csik_Arpad-kori_telepulestortenetenek_kerdesei-libre.pdf?1390845825=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCsik_Arpad_kori_telepulestortenetenek_ke.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201388\u0026Signature=X5IHkO4gwSHZqhrd0XKA08KesbJHk7EeX-hAVhohqKRaum8WjxMfwTWhwukSoAjbQUDE8C-5sbZ-sILIz-dBd3cpurT8dA0ZzbIDHHYEnKHSGI20mvc5chTNv0UmiJQw6OBNSoNcYZI3-8pjZdfT1huQXoZgCFE~xDYTttE0h0BMPkE3To8XN0L2xDLxfo-bJ35L1tREclqUS4~My6VY1fUrNpX7iILa4vVJZmUAA1DSBSf7icIAsSn5j1h4uqWMk3t0NNErsJepqYla8NRPUwP3TkUv-veTlEqB6Xfh07-hTR2rV8-AN9gJWxTBcfUkTh33PI~OJdiZ4logRaDwzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":232519,"name":"Historical toponomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_toponomy"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124382993"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124382993/A_felcs%C3%ADki_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_vasm%C5%B1vess%C3%A9g_r%C3%A9g%C3%A9szeti_nyomai"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A felcsíki középkori vasművesség régészeti nyomai" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118619291/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124382993/A_felcs%C3%ADki_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_vasm%C5%B1vess%C3%A9g_r%C3%A9g%C3%A9szeti_nyomai">A felcsíki középkori vasművesség régészeti nyomai</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Patina </span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Ciuc-basin (Romania, Est-Transylvania, Harghita county) has many metallurgical sites, most of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Ciuc-basin (Romania, Est-Transylvania, Harghita county) has many metallurgical sites, most of them from the migration period (3-4 th centuries). This paper presents those from the medieval period (12-17th centuries) located in the northern part of the region. Besides archaeological data, the field surveys, aerial photography, terrain models, historical place names, and written sources made possible a reconstruction for the dynamics in the historical landscape regarding early deforestation, agriculture, mining, woodland recovery and recent deforestation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d176d5228c5b1905c0d3300b17371acb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118619291,"asset_id":124382993,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118619291/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124382993"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124382993"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124382993; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124382993]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124382993]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124382993; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124382993']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124382993, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d176d5228c5b1905c0d3300b17371acb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124382993]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124382993,"title":"A felcsíki középkori vasművesség régészeti nyomai","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Ciuc-basin (Romania, Est-Transylvania, Harghita county) has many metallurgical sites, most of them from the migration period (3-4 th centuries). This paper presents those from the medieval period (12-17th centuries) located in the northern part of the region. Besides archaeological data, the field surveys, aerial photography, terrain models, historical place names, and written sources made possible a reconstruction for the dynamics in the historical landscape regarding early deforestation, agriculture, mining, woodland recovery and recent deforestation. ","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Patina "},"translated_abstract":"The Ciuc-basin (Romania, Est-Transylvania, Harghita county) has many metallurgical sites, most of them from the migration period (3-4 th centuries). This paper presents those from the medieval period (12-17th centuries) located in the northern part of the region. Besides archaeological data, the field surveys, aerial photography, terrain models, historical place names, and written sources made possible a reconstruction for the dynamics in the historical landscape regarding early deforestation, agriculture, mining, woodland recovery and recent deforestation. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44945276"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44945276/_CS%C3%8DK_SZEREDA_KIALAKUL%C3%81S%C3%81NAK_K%C3%89RD%C3%89SEI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of (CSÍK-)SZEREDA KIALAKULÁSÁNAK KÉRDÉSEI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65474447/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44945276/_CS%C3%8DK_SZEREDA_KIALAKUL%C3%81S%C3%81NAK_K%C3%89RD%C3%89SEI">(CSÍK-)SZEREDA KIALAKULÁSÁNAK KÉRDÉSEI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>CSÍKSZEREDA 460 - VÁROSTÖRTÉNETI KONFERENCIA</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Questions raised by the development of Miercurea-Ciuc Miercurea Ciuc appears in the written sourc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Questions raised by the development of Miercurea-Ciuc<br />Miercurea Ciuc appears in the written sources only in the 16th century, although the toponimy clearly proves that its existence is strongly connected with a medieval market. The town was deeply affected by the communist constructions, so its archaeological remains were rather destructed or still covered.<br />The plan and localisation of the settlement together with the local<br />tradition, already documented in the 18th century, suggest that the formation of the town can be connected with an artificial foundation. Based on indirect historical and archaeological data one can presume that a market near the St John church of Delniţa was moved to the town’s actual location during the 14th century.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2a5f71863c277c2ae5daf7d705dca856" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65474447,"asset_id":44945276,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65474447/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44945276"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44945276"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44945276; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44945276]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44945276]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44945276; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44945276']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44945276, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2a5f71863c277c2ae5daf7d705dca856" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44945276]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44945276,"title":"(CSÍK-)SZEREDA KIALAKULÁSÁNAK KÉRDÉSEI","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Questions raised by the development of Miercurea-Ciuc\nMiercurea Ciuc appears in the written sources only in the 16th century, although the toponimy clearly proves that its existence is strongly connected with a medieval market. The town was deeply affected by the communist constructions, so its archaeological remains were rather destructed or still covered.\nThe plan and localisation of the settlement together with the local\ntradition, already documented in the 18th century, suggest that the formation of the town can be connected with an artificial foundation. Based on indirect historical and archaeological data one can presume that a market near the St John church of Delniţa was moved to the town’s actual location during the 14th century.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"CSÍKSZEREDA 460 - VÁROSTÖRTÉNETI KONFERENCIA"},"translated_abstract":"Questions raised by the development of Miercurea-Ciuc\nMiercurea Ciuc appears in the written sources only in the 16th century, although the toponimy clearly proves that its existence is strongly connected with a medieval market. The town was deeply affected by the communist constructions, so its archaeological remains were rather destructed or still covered.\nThe plan and localisation of the settlement together with the local\ntradition, already documented in the 18th century, suggest that the formation of the town can be connected with an artificial foundation. Based on indirect historical and archaeological data one can presume that a market near the St John church of Delniţa was moved to the town’s actual location during the 14th century.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44945276/_CS%C3%8DK_SZEREDA_KIALAKUL%C3%81S%C3%81NAK_K%C3%89RD%C3%89SEI","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-01-20T23:17:11.966-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65474447,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65474447/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_csikszereda460_Szereda_kialakulasa.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65474447/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"CSIK_SZEREDA_KIALAKULASANAK_KERDESEI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65474447/Botar_csikszereda460_Szereda_kialakulasa-libre.pdf?1611217532=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCSIK_SZEREDA_KIALAKULASANAK_KERDESEI.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174699\u0026Signature=RPjJ~7wepcMeQHx4F5BHRr~mRtLdJiCavwnxkqqjroHb4uDuPGUCkpZ~CxS8ed0pKfQXbefGXSpifv4iMct6hsCQJgfRjXkl9zW4FqPA7NZ0yuIdsvoVNtDumRsfYf0E8A~5wv6H0gapgwlPO039m9YQKn5LRmmp2d-pVRzdmdYNeZ9YwRgxz2PFYgj1IhTBNc00Ey6KXVstXEs1OvYCJA6HvT3HlhiHua0-7U4cL4CbJpmmr9E5LP50vGYIIIYB4sj7emxyBzYeoP1xP-KnDV6q3UwHmwnuJMvPxES8lzV2SCi029YGpgxhjpr91KjqXaxifOlk0yzWzsAOY0IPAQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"_CSÍK_SZEREDA_KIALAKULÁSÁNAK_KÉRDÉSEI","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":65474447,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65474447/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_csikszereda460_Szereda_kialakulasa.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65474447/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"CSIK_SZEREDA_KIALAKULASANAK_KERDESEI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65474447/Botar_csikszereda460_Szereda_kialakulasa-libre.pdf?1611217532=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCSIK_SZEREDA_KIALAKULASANAK_KERDESEI.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174699\u0026Signature=RPjJ~7wepcMeQHx4F5BHRr~mRtLdJiCavwnxkqqjroHb4uDuPGUCkpZ~CxS8ed0pKfQXbefGXSpifv4iMct6hsCQJgfRjXkl9zW4FqPA7NZ0yuIdsvoVNtDumRsfYf0E8A~5wv6H0gapgwlPO039m9YQKn5LRmmp2d-pVRzdmdYNeZ9YwRgxz2PFYgj1IhTBNc00Ey6KXVstXEs1OvYCJA6HvT3HlhiHua0-7U4cL4CbJpmmr9E5LP50vGYIIIYB4sj7emxyBzYeoP1xP-KnDV6q3UwHmwnuJMvPxES8lzV2SCi029YGpgxhjpr91KjqXaxifOlk0yzWzsAOY0IPAQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":12936,"name":"Medieval Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Europe"},{"id":13395,"name":"Hungarian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hungarian_Studies"},{"id":16670,"name":"Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_And_Medieval_Settlement_Archaeology_"},{"id":34818,"name":"Toponymy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toponymy"},{"id":62867,"name":"Medieval Towns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Towns"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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It lies on the border of the<br />historical Ciuc (Csík) and Trei Scaune (Háromszék) counties (known today as Harghita/Hargita and Covasna/Kovászna, respectively). The largest medieval fortress of Székelyland is also in this region. The landscape dominated by forests and floodplain that we see today was used and shaped by Germans of Scandinavian origin, Slavs from Eastern<br />Europe, and Hungarians and Székelys alike.<br />Based on archaeological finds and written sources, this chapter reviews the history of the area during the third–fifteenth centuries. However,<br />one has to be aware that this region does not appear in any historical sources until the fourteenth century and substantial data only<br />start to leak from the sixteenth century. At the same time the situation of the archaeological research was and still is deficient, because the<br />Migration and Medieval Period was a neglected topic in the communist era (until 1989).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b8cd67b01d0d67f69b26f94a61e60771" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88613778,"asset_id":83177428,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88613778/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83177428"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83177428"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83177428; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83177428]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83177428]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83177428; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83177428']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83177428, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b8cd67b01d0d67f69b26f94a61e60771" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83177428]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83177428,"title":"Migration Period and Medieval History of the Ciomadul Region","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-89140-4","abstract":"The wider region of Ciomadul (Csomád) Hills is a unique area of Székelyland from a varietyof perspectives. It lies on the border of the\nhistorical Ciuc (Csík) and Trei Scaune (Háromszék) counties (known today as Harghita/Hargita and Covasna/Kovászna, respectively). The largest medieval fortress of Székelyland is also in this region. The landscape dominated by forests and floodplain that we see today was used and shaped by Germans of Scandinavian origin, Slavs from Eastern\nEurope, and Hungarians and Székelys alike.\nBased on archaeological finds and written sources, this chapter reviews the history of the area during the third–fifteenth centuries. However,\none has to be aware that this region does not appear in any historical sources until the fourteenth century and substantial data only\nstart to leak from the sixteenth century. At the same time the situation of the archaeological research was and still is deficient, because the\nMigration and Medieval Period was a neglected topic in the communist era (until 1989).","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ciomadul (Csomád), The Youngest Volcano in the Carpathians"},"translated_abstract":"The wider region of Ciomadul (Csomád) Hills is a unique area of Székelyland from a varietyof perspectives. It lies on the border of the\nhistorical Ciuc (Csík) and Trei Scaune (Háromszék) counties (known today as Harghita/Hargita and Covasna/Kovászna, respectively). The largest medieval fortress of Székelyland is also in this region. The landscape dominated by forests and floodplain that we see today was used and shaped by Germans of Scandinavian origin, Slavs from Eastern\nEurope, and Hungarians and Székelys alike.\nBased on archaeological finds and written sources, this chapter reviews the history of the area during the third–fifteenth centuries. However,\none has to be aware that this region does not appear in any historical sources until the fourteenth century and substantial data only\nstart to leak from the sixteenth century. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="dendro" id="dendro"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">dendro by Istvan Botar</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="86037091"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/86037091/Medieval_roofs_of_the_Cs%C3%ADk_Seat_Harghita_County_Romania_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Medieval roofs of the Csík Seat (Harghita County, Romania)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90578105/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/86037091/Medieval_roofs_of_the_Cs%C3%ADk_Seat_Harghita_County_Romania_">Medieval roofs of the Csík Seat (Harghita County, Romania)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>CAIETE ARA. Arhitectura, Restaurare, Arheologie.</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The paper presents the results of a dendrochronological research focused on the medieval churches...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The paper presents the results of a dendrochronological research focused on the medieval churches of the Ciuc Basin (East Carpathians, Harghita County). More of these churches preserved the medieval chancels<br />although the exact building dates were unknown and only indirect data, such as altar and bell inscriptions, give a more precise dating.<br />Earlier dendrochronological sampling remained unsuccessful because of the timber species used: Norway spruce for which we had no<br />valid local chronology. After a campaign dedicated to a new chronology, sampling was repeated and more roof structures were successfully<br />dated.<br />The dendrochronological data (Mihăileni 1491 chancel, 1492 nave, Cârța 1505, Cozmeni 1506, Armășeni 1532 chancel and 1533 nave, Ciucsângeorgiu 1533) assures narrow limits for the chronology of the Late Gothic constructions, and also provides important knowledge regarding environment reconstruction, historical carpentry etc.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ce6230bd2901449c875628f16091550b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90578105,"asset_id":86037091,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90578105/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="86037091"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="86037091"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86037091; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86037091]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86037091]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86037091; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='86037091']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 86037091, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ce6230bd2901449c875628f16091550b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=86037091]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":86037091,"title":"Medieval roofs of the Csík Seat (Harghita County, Romania)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"13","abstract":"The paper presents the results of a dendrochronological research focused on the medieval churches of the Ciuc Basin (East Carpathians, Harghita County). More of these churches preserved the medieval chancels\nalthough the exact building dates were unknown and only indirect data, such as altar and bell inscriptions, give a more precise dating.\nEarlier dendrochronological sampling remained unsuccessful because of the timber species used: Norway spruce for which we had no\nvalid local chronology. After a campaign dedicated to a new chronology, sampling was repeated and more roof structures were successfully\ndated.\nThe dendrochronological data (Mihăileni 1491 chancel, 1492 nave, Cârța 1505, Cozmeni 1506, Armășeni 1532 chancel and 1533 nave, Ciucsângeorgiu 1533) assures narrow limits for the chronology of the Late Gothic constructions, and also provides important knowledge regarding environment reconstruction, historical carpentry etc.","page_numbers":"109-120","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"CAIETE ARA. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45098705"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45098705/CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGIC%C4%82_A_%C8%98ARPANTEI_%C8%98I_A_STRUCTURILOR_DE_LEMN_LA_BISERICA_NEAGR%C4%82_BRA%C8%98OV"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of CERCETAREA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A ȘARPANTEI ȘI A STRUCTURILOR DE LEMN LA BISERICA NEAGRĂ BRAȘOV" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65661726/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45098705/CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGIC%C4%82_A_%C8%98ARPANTEI_%C8%98I_A_STRUCTURILOR_DE_LEMN_LA_BISERICA_NEAGR%C4%82_BRA%C8%98OV">CERCETAREA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A ȘARPANTEI ȘI A STRUCTURILOR DE LEMN LA BISERICA NEAGRĂ BRAȘOV</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZieglerAgnes">Ziegler Agnes</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ARS TRANSSILVANIAE XXVII–XXVIII</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present paper discusses the research carried out at the Black Church in Brașov where a consis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present paper discusses the research carried out at the Black Church in Brașov where a<br />consistent effort to accurately date the wooden structures and the framework of the roof was recently<br />undertaken. A total of 141 samples were taken from the wooden structure of the building and were<br />examined using dendrochronological analysis in order to date the relevant elements, identify the<br />original structure as well as and later additions, and to determine the tree species. We have studied<br />55 samples extracted from the nave’s roof framework, 31 from the choir, 35 from the tower’s roof<br />frame and its interior wooden structure, 15 from pine shingles and 5 from above the pipe organ. The<br />analysis performed at the Miercurea Ciuc dendrochronology laboratory (Anno Domini Dendrolab)<br />indicated that the aforementioned Brasov roof framework was built between 1689 and 1694 and<br />can be identified as the earliest known structure of its kind in Transylvania consolidated through the<br />liegender Stuhl system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cad236f249d21ac14be249fb3dd87bfd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65661726,"asset_id":45098705,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65661726/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45098705"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45098705"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45098705; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45098705]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45098705]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45098705; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45098705']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45098705, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cad236f249d21ac14be249fb3dd87bfd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45098705]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45098705,"title":"CERCETAREA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A ȘARPANTEI ȘI A STRUCTURILOR DE LEMN LA BISERICA NEAGRĂ BRAȘOV","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The present paper discusses the research carried out at the Black Church in Brașov where a\nconsistent effort to accurately date the wooden structures and the framework of the roof was recently\nundertaken. A total of 141 samples were taken from the wooden structure of the building and were\nexamined using dendrochronological analysis in order to date the relevant elements, identify the\noriginal structure as well as and later additions, and to determine the tree species. We have studied\n55 samples extracted from the nave’s roof framework, 31 from the choir, 35 from the tower’s roof\nframe and its interior wooden structure, 15 from pine shingles and 5 from above the pipe organ. The\nanalysis performed at the Miercurea Ciuc dendrochronology laboratory (Anno Domini Dendrolab)\nindicated that the aforementioned Brasov roof framework was built between 1689 and 1694 and\ncan be identified as the earliest known structure of its kind in Transylvania consolidated through the\nliegender Stuhl system.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"ARS TRANSSILVANIAE XXVII–XXVIII"},"translated_abstract":"The present paper discusses the research carried out at the Black Church in Brașov where a\nconsistent effort to accurately date the wooden structures and the framework of the roof was recently\nundertaken. A total of 141 samples were taken from the wooden structure of the building and were\nexamined using dendrochronological analysis in order to date the relevant elements, identify the\noriginal structure as well as and later additions, and to determine the tree species. We have studied\n55 samples extracted from the nave’s roof framework, 31 from the choir, 35 from the tower’s roof\nframe and its interior wooden structure, 15 from pine shingles and 5 from above the pipe organ. The\nanalysis performed at the Miercurea Ciuc dendrochronology laboratory (Anno Domini Dendrolab)\nindicated that the aforementioned Brasov roof framework was built between 1689 and 1694 and\ncan be identified as the earliest known structure of its kind in Transylvania consolidated through the\nliegender Stuhl system.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45098705/CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGIC%C4%82_A_%C8%98ARPANTEI_%C8%98I_A_STRUCTURILOR_DE_LEMN_LA_BISERICA_NEAGR%C4%82_BRA%C8%98OV","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-02-11T01:29:02.436-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":36253521,"work_id":45098705,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":40141594,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"b***i@gmail.com","display_order":1,"name":"Ziegler Agnes","title":"CERCETAREA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A ȘARPANTEI ȘI A STRUCTURILOR DE LEMN LA BISERICA NEAGRĂ BRAȘOV"},{"id":36253522,"work_id":45098705,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":28360112,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***1@yahoo.com","display_order":2,"name":"Tóth Boglárka Márta","title":"CERCETAREA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A ȘARPANTEI ȘI A STRUCTURILOR DE LEMN LA BISERICA NEAGRĂ BRAȘOV"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65661726,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65661726/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Toth_Ziegler_Ars_Transsilvaniae_2017_18_Sarpanta_Brasov.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65661726/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGICA_A_ARPANTEI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65661726/Botar_Toth_Ziegler_Ars_Transsilvaniae_2017_18_Sarpanta_Brasov-libre.pdf?1613038859=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGICA_A_ARPANTEI.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=YAaUQdCwhq9ML8u5Y-AMAWXnWtPsH4tN~juyzaVqaN6xyPEqtt83zTwZ~m7DL2Bawk8q9UlJ16EMOma4Wg8HhRnJJWgiPXOH8cQnTZlLH8xUQ1bR2mru85AOC5-XQRB~pt65IwgBI8Y5EZDhSf-FBJN3UECnGr-meDOgw9WKmGuQUcDs8CqZeT6nFBRnSVnvQzVFP2HTmlt~6GQVphdTJc5AUv4eDgXrIof6Vi1AZAYWclFFEwaYL-E9m1V8jTy40n11C2FHtzGJY~FIWY0HbY1cXF1w~~KDNJjaPSXYvyusYmK7e-mN5xGnCuFwDpq3lrzFobJWaG4DM08A5Hyebg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ_A_ȘARPANTEI_ȘI_A_STRUCTURILOR_DE_LEMN_LA_BISERICA_NEAGRĂ_BRAȘOV","translated_slug":"","page_count":30,"language":"ro","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":65661726,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65661726/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Toth_Ziegler_Ars_Transsilvaniae_2017_18_Sarpanta_Brasov.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65661726/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGICA_A_ARPANTEI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65661726/Botar_Toth_Ziegler_Ars_Transsilvaniae_2017_18_Sarpanta_Brasov-libre.pdf?1613038859=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGICA_A_ARPANTEI.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=YAaUQdCwhq9ML8u5Y-AMAWXnWtPsH4tN~juyzaVqaN6xyPEqtt83zTwZ~m7DL2Bawk8q9UlJ16EMOma4Wg8HhRnJJWgiPXOH8cQnTZlLH8xUQ1bR2mru85AOC5-XQRB~pt65IwgBI8Y5EZDhSf-FBJN3UECnGr-meDOgw9WKmGuQUcDs8CqZeT6nFBRnSVnvQzVFP2HTmlt~6GQVphdTJc5AUv4eDgXrIof6Vi1AZAYWclFFEwaYL-E9m1V8jTy40n11C2FHtzGJY~FIWY0HbY1cXF1w~~KDNJjaPSXYvyusYmK7e-mN5xGnCuFwDpq3lrzFobJWaG4DM08A5Hyebg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"},{"id":9117,"name":"Dendrochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendrochronology"},{"id":14254,"name":"Archaeology of Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Buildings"},{"id":63026,"name":"Historical Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Sources"},{"id":269011,"name":"Carpentry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carpentry"},{"id":272085,"name":"Medeival Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medeival_Studies"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67522853"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67522853/%C3%96tsz%C3%A1z_%C3%A9ves_templom_tet%C5%91szerkezetek_a_Cs%C3%ADki_medenc%C3%A9ben"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ötszáz éves templom-tetőszerkezetek a Csíki-medencében" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78546440/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67522853/%C3%96tsz%C3%A1z_%C3%A9ves_templom_tet%C5%91szerkezetek_a_Cs%C3%ADki_medenc%C3%A9ben">Ötszáz éves templom-tetőszerkezetek a Csíki-medencében</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>In Situ</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The paper presents the results of a recent (2020) dendrochronological research in Csík seat (East...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The paper presents the results of a recent (2020) dendrochronological research in Csík seat (East Transylvania, Harghita County, Romania), that led to the identification of more, earlier unknown roof structures from the Middle Ages.  While above four churches the historical roof are still in function (Mihăileni 1491 chancel/1492 nave, Cozmeni 1506, Armășeni 1532 chancel and 1533 nave, Ciucsângeorgiu 1533), in Cârța the late 18th century structure preserved more elements of the earlier chancel roof (1505). All of them were made of Norway Spruce. The dendrochronological data gives a precise ante quem dating  for the Late Gothic constructions of these churches, and also provides important knowledge regarding environment reconstruction, historical carpentry etc.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="abb41fa2f73734669956311838d72e02" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78546440,"asset_id":67522853,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78546440/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67522853"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67522853"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67522853; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67522853]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67522853]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67522853; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67522853']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67522853, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "abb41fa2f73734669956311838d72e02" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67522853]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67522853,"title":"Ötszáz éves templom-tetőszerkezetek a Csíki-medencében","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"1","abstract":"The paper presents the results of a recent (2020) dendrochronological research in Csík seat (East Transylvania, Harghita County, Romania), that led to the identification of more, earlier unknown roof structures from the Middle Ages. While above four churches the historical roof are still in function (Mihăileni 1491 chancel/1492 nave, Cozmeni 1506, Armășeni 1532 chancel and 1533 nave, Ciucsângeorgiu 1533), in Cârța the late 18th century structure preserved more elements of the earlier chancel roof (1505). All of them were made of Norway Spruce. The dendrochronological data gives a precise ante quem dating for the Late Gothic constructions of these churches, and also provides important knowledge regarding environment reconstruction, historical carpentry etc.\n\n","page_numbers":"93-127","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"In Situ"},"translated_abstract":"The paper presents the results of a recent (2020) dendrochronological research in Csík seat (East Transylvania, Harghita County, Romania), that led to the identification of more, earlier unknown roof structures from the Middle Ages. While above four churches the historical roof are still in function (Mihăileni 1491 chancel/1492 nave, Cozmeni 1506, Armășeni 1532 chancel and 1533 nave, Ciucsângeorgiu 1533), in Cârța the late 18th century structure preserved more elements of the earlier chancel roof (1505). All of them were made of Norway Spruce. The dendrochronological data gives a precise ante quem dating for the Late Gothic constructions of these churches, and also provides important knowledge regarding environment reconstruction, historical carpentry etc.\n\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67522853/%C3%96tsz%C3%A1z_%C3%A9ves_templom_tet%C5%91szerkezetek_a_Cs%C3%ADki_medenc%C3%A9ben","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-01-07T05:55:48.467-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":28360112,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":37424771,"work_id":67522853,"tagging_user_id":28360112,"tagged_user_id":274346,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"b***n@yahoo.com","affiliation":"Muzeul Secuiesc al Ciucului","display_order":1,"name":"Istvan Botar","title":"Ötszáz éves templom-tetőszerkezetek a Csíki-medencében"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78546440,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78546440/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Toth_Botar_500_eves_tetok_InSitu_jo.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78546440/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Otszaz_eves_templom_tetoszerkezetek_a_Cs.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78546440/Toth_Botar_500_eves_tetok_InSitu_jo-libre.pdf?1641997543=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOtszaz_eves_templom_tetoszerkezetek_a_Cs.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=TrKQoDyM-jNLPHNfKPEp5ZsQFuu3Qt97RnTm60yfk~NvkkWoN3Tq2GCwD3Wen9u63T9oGmoRAA263sM17RHK8I61wwBEGRTcsbyg6~hqW6xFgBzLsVJYwS1TN10pCRlOSuNUU4Q2o2SSXW-2AFcN3sJW-ACDyAw2WKl82Tq7Cd6dK8bUpFaPJAMeBTpPUpOOId9J7wQRvVSGLZv41KGu0QVsUIVvlp362yzCyB1mGAOb5wiiw8O7uPzyIab~XzuYI67wvTrTKY5WWasOeP7HuYGS9IBupP9g~fnkjag2k6GxLOt7QiyJGlIKKQPXa2QCEf1CjOa4ol9c7H2aNv~WOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Ötszáz_éves_templom_tetőszerkezetek_a_Csíki_medencében","translated_slug":"","page_count":38,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":28360112,"first_name":"Tóth","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Boglárka Márta","page_name":"TóthBoglárkaMárta","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-03-23T11:05:49.291-07:00","display_name":"Tóth Boglárka Márta","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta"},"attachments":[{"id":78546440,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78546440/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Toth_Botar_500_eves_tetok_InSitu_jo.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78546440/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Otszaz_eves_templom_tetoszerkezetek_a_Cs.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78546440/Toth_Botar_500_eves_tetok_InSitu_jo-libre.pdf?1641997543=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOtszaz_eves_templom_tetoszerkezetek_a_Cs.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=TrKQoDyM-jNLPHNfKPEp5ZsQFuu3Qt97RnTm60yfk~NvkkWoN3Tq2GCwD3Wen9u63T9oGmoRAA263sM17RHK8I61wwBEGRTcsbyg6~hqW6xFgBzLsVJYwS1TN10pCRlOSuNUU4Q2o2SSXW-2AFcN3sJW-ACDyAw2WKl82Tq7Cd6dK8bUpFaPJAMeBTpPUpOOId9J7wQRvVSGLZv41KGu0QVsUIVvlp362yzCyB1mGAOb5wiiw8O7uPzyIab~XzuYI67wvTrTKY5WWasOeP7HuYGS9IBupP9g~fnkjag2k6GxLOt7QiyJGlIKKQPXa2QCEf1CjOa4ol9c7H2aNv~WOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":9117,"name":"Dendrochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendrochronology"},{"id":14254,"name":"Archaeology of Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Buildings"},{"id":43204,"name":"Building archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_archaeology"},{"id":191554,"name":"Historical Roof Construction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Roof_Construction"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"},{"id":350000,"name":"Truss, Timber, Historical Timber Roofs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Truss_Timber_Historical_Timber_Roofs"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38573489"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38573489/The_Mediaeval_Roof_Structures_of_the_Lutheran_Parish_Church_in_Sibiu_DENDROCHRONOLOGY_BUILDING_HISTORY_TYPOLOGY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Mediaeval Roof Structures of the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu DENDROCHRONOLOGY, BUILDING HISTORY, TYPOLOGY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58646256/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38573489/The_Mediaeval_Roof_Structures_of_the_Lutheran_Parish_Church_in_Sibiu_DENDROCHRONOLOGY_BUILDING_HISTORY_TYPOLOGY">The Mediaeval Roof Structures of the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu DENDROCHRONOLOGY, BUILDING HISTORY, TYPOLOGY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transsylvania Nostra</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The roof structure above the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu consists of several units. Based on ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The roof structure above the Lutheran<br />Parish Church in Sibiu consists of several<br />units. Based on the dendrochronological<br />studies conducted between 2012 and 2016, the<br />building and repair of the 14th-16th century roof<br />structures can be dated accurately to a year,<br />and at the same time the church’s building<br />history, which was previously uncertain, can<br />be easily traced. The roof structures in Sibiu<br />are the earliest still standing roof structures in<br />Transylvania, thus they deserve special attention,<br />especially as they allow us to observe the<br />development of mediaeval carpentry and roof<br />structures.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="07096d7817dee031180b279c8ebf26c1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58646256,"asset_id":38573489,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58646256/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38573489"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38573489"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38573489; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38573489]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38573489]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38573489; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38573489']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38573489, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "07096d7817dee031180b279c8ebf26c1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38573489]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38573489,"title":"The Mediaeval Roof Structures of the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu DENDROCHRONOLOGY, BUILDING HISTORY, TYPOLOGY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The roof structure above the Lutheran\nParish Church in Sibiu consists of several\nunits. Based on the dendrochronological\nstudies conducted between 2012 and 2016, the\nbuilding and repair of the 14th-16th century roof\nstructures can be dated accurately to a year,\nand at the same time the church’s building\nhistory, which was previously uncertain, can\nbe easily traced. The roof structures in Sibiu\nare the earliest still standing roof structures in\nTransylvania, thus they deserve special attention,\nespecially as they allow us to observe the\ndevelopment of mediaeval carpentry and roof\nstructures.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Transsylvania Nostra"},"translated_abstract":"The roof structure above the Lutheran\nParish Church in Sibiu consists of several\nunits. 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Dendrochronological research on medieval churches in Transylvania" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38079181/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13579617/Hidden_dates_Dendrochronological_research_on_medieval_churches_in_Transylvania">Hidden dates. Dendrochronological research on medieval churches in Transylvania</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ppke.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A1sGrynaeus">András Grynaeus</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Caiete ARA </span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dendrochronology is a dating method which uses tree ring data of living trees and tree ring serie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dendrochronology is a dating method which uses tree ring data of living trees and tree ring series measured on<br />historical and archaeological wood. In optimal circumstances dendrochronology can produce absolute dating with a half-year accuracy.<br />Due to research carried out by our team, initiated in 2003, we can use now two master chronologies to date oak and fi r structures in<br />Transylvania for the period between the 13th and 19th centuries, a couple of absolutely dated series for the 12th to 14th centuries, and<br />also some fl oating series for the late migration period (7th ‒ 8th centuries) and Roman period. Th e article presents a few case studies of<br />dendrochronological research on medieval churches from this region (Dârjiu, Târgu Mureş, Cetatea de Baltă, Bistriţa, Sibiu). During<br />these campaigns of fi eldwork and following analyses we successfully dated more medieval roofs and later renovation phases. So far the<br />earliest dated roof is the structure above the Evangelic church in Sibiu, where the timber material comes from trees felled at the middle<br />of the 14th century. Th e method is also used to date art objects (altar panels) and wood installations (painted ceilings, furniture).<br />To extend the validity of the present chronologies, both in time and space (in Moldova and the Romanian Plain), stronger<br />archaeological involvement will be needed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="86e3e7270eb2d0a9606f2d7afc254dd6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38079181,"asset_id":13579617,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38079181/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13579617"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13579617"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13579617; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13579617]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13579617]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13579617; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13579617']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13579617, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "86e3e7270eb2d0a9606f2d7afc254dd6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13579617]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13579617,"title":"Hidden dates. 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Dendrochronological research...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Written sources and art history presumptions are not always right... Dendrochronological research revealed a sharper dating for the "former" Gothic tower of Cozmeni (East- Transylvania, Harghita-county, Romania) and also identified a hidden wood structure inside it.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f3ef6937c7e69ccd9cc2d083c5f38f66" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119353729,"asset_id":125281311,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119353729/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125281311"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125281311"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125281311; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125281311]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125281311]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125281311; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125281311']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 125281311, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f3ef6937c7e69ccd9cc2d083c5f38f66" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125281311]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125281311,"title":"„…melyet kezdettenek vala rakni…” A csíkkozmási harangtorony titkai","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Written sources and art history presumptions are not always right... 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38573331"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38573331/A_nagyszebeni_evang%C3%A9likus_pl%C3%A9b%C3%A1niatemplom_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_tet%C5%91szerkezetei_DENDROKRONOL%C3%93GIA_%C3%89P%C3%8DT%C3%89ST%C3%96RT%C3%89NET_TIPOL%C3%93GIA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A nagyszebeni evangélikus plébániatemplom középkori tetőszerkezetei DENDROKRONOLÓGIA, ÉPÍTÉSTÖRTÉNET, TIPOLÓGIA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58646032/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38573331/A_nagyszebeni_evang%C3%A9likus_pl%C3%A9b%C3%A1niatemplom_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_tet%C5%91szerkezetei_DENDROKRONOL%C3%93GIA_%C3%89P%C3%8DT%C3%89ST%C3%96RT%C3%89NET_TIPOL%C3%93GIA">A nagyszebeni evangélikus plébániatemplom középkori tetőszerkezetei DENDROKRONOLÓGIA, ÉPÍTÉSTÖRTÉNET, TIPOLÓGIA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transsylvania Nostra</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract: The roof structure above the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu consists of several units....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract: The roof structure above the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu consists of several units. Based on the dendrochronological studies conducted between 2012 and 2016, the building and repair of the 14 th-16 th century roof structures can be dated accurately to a year, and at the same time the church's building history, which was previously uncertain, can be easily traced. The roof structures in Sibiu are the earliest still standing roof structures in Romania, thus they deserve special attention , especially as they allow us to observe the development of mediaeval carpentry and roof structures.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7d146c3a58423ca644f68bb203f39b9d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58646032,"asset_id":38573331,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58646032/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38573331"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38573331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38573331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38573331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38573331]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38573331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38573331']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38573331, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7d146c3a58423ca644f68bb203f39b9d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38573331]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38573331,"title":"A nagyszebeni evangélikus plébániatemplom középkori tetőszerkezetei DENDROKRONOLÓGIA, ÉPÍTÉSTÖRTÉNET, TIPOLÓGIA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"46","volume":"XII","abstract":"Abstract: The roof structure above the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu consists of several units. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4994052"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4994052/Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylvania"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dendrochronological research in Transylvania" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32236320/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4994052/Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylvania">Dendrochronological research in Transylvania</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ppke.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A1sGrynaeus">András Grynaeus</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>HUNGARIAN ARCHAEOLOGY, E-JOURNAL • 2013 AUTUMN, http://www.hungarianarchaeology.hu/</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1028327dcb99e49dfdcac473b7d52483" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32236320,"asset_id":4994052,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32236320/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="4994052"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4994052"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4994052; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12456760"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12456760/ANALIZA_DENDROCRONOLOGIC%C4%82_A_MOBILIERULUI_BISERICILOR_DIN_TRANSILVANIA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ANALIZA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A MOBILIERULUI BISERICILOR DIN TRANSILVANIA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37675444/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12456760/ANALIZA_DENDROCRONOLOGIC%C4%82_A_MOBILIERULUI_BISERICILOR_DIN_TRANSILVANIA">ANALIZA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A MOBILIERULUI BISERICILOR DIN TRANSILVANIA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ppke.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A1sGrynaeus">András Grynaeus</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ARS TRANSSILVANIAE XXIV 2014. 111-126. </span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper presents some results of dendrochronological researches carried out on historical woo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper presents some results of dendrochronological researches carried out on historical <br />wooden installations and furniture by the Transylvanian Dendrochronological Laboratory in the <br />past few years. The main tools for dating these ecclesiastical objects (Gothic painted panels, Baroque <br />altars, historical doors, painted ceilings, breastwork of galleries) are two local chronologies for oak <br />(Quercus sp.) and fir (Abies Alba) which cover the period between the 13th and 19th centuries. <br />Naturally, in the case of art objects, the dendrochronological data is obtained without real sampling, <br />only with non-destructive methods such as surface measurement and macro-digital photography. <br />Beside exact dating, the main achievements are the proof of local fabrication of a supposed <br />„import” altarpiece, the connection with art history, written sources and dendro data, and comparison <br />of fir and pine data from contemporary artifacts. <br />The successes achieved on different types of objects and installations investigated from various <br />periods has shown again the usefulness and importance of the dendrochronological method for art <br />historical studies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3b0cde1a7468c17dfc9f156e90aa3907" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37675444,"asset_id":12456760,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37675444/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12456760"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12456760"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12456760; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12456760]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12456760]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12456760; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12456760']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12456760, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3b0cde1a7468c17dfc9f156e90aa3907" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12456760]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12456760,"title":"ANALIZA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A MOBILIERULUI BISERICILOR DIN TRANSILVANIA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper presents some results of dendrochronological researches carried out on historical\r\nwooden installations and furniture by the Transylvanian Dendrochronological Laboratory in the\r\npast few years. The main tools for dating these ecclesiastical objects (Gothic painted panels, Baroque\r\naltars, historical doors, painted ceilings, breastwork of galleries) are two local chronologies for oak\r\n(Quercus sp.) and fir (Abies Alba) which cover the period between the 13th and 19th centuries.\r\nNaturally, in the case of art objects, the dendrochronological data is obtained without real sampling,\r\nonly with non-destructive methods such as surface measurement and macro-digital photography.\r\nBeside exact dating, the main achievements are the proof of local fabrication of a supposed\r\n„import” altarpiece, the connection with art history, written sources and dendro data, and comparison\r\nof fir and pine data from contemporary artifacts.\r\nThe successes achieved on different types of objects and installations investigated from various\r\nperiods has shown again the usefulness and importance of the dendrochronological method for art\r\nhistorical studies.","publication_name":"ARS TRANSSILVANIAE XXIV 2014. 111-126. "},"translated_abstract":"This paper presents some results of dendrochronological researches carried out on historical\r\nwooden installations and furniture by the Transylvanian Dendrochronological Laboratory in the\r\npast few years. The main tools for dating these ecclesiastical objects (Gothic painted panels, Baroque\r\naltars, historical doors, painted ceilings, breastwork of galleries) are two local chronologies for oak\r\n(Quercus sp.) and fir (Abies Alba) which cover the period between the 13th and 19th centuries.\r\nNaturally, in the case of art objects, the dendrochronological data is obtained without real sampling,\r\nonly with non-destructive methods such as surface measurement and macro-digital photography.\r\nBeside exact dating, the main achievements are the proof of local fabrication of a supposed\r\n„import” altarpiece, the connection with art history, written sources and dendro data, and comparison\r\nof fir and pine data from contemporary artifacts.\r\nThe successes achieved on different types of objects and installations investigated from various\r\nperiods has shown again the usefulness and importance of the dendrochronological method for art\r\nhistorical 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profile--work_container" data-work-id="40912727"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40912727/VILLAGE_AND_CHURCH_THE_RELATION_BETWEEN_THE_ECCLESIASTICAL_TOPOGRAPHY_AND_THE_MEDIEVAL_SETTLEMENT_SYSTEM_IN_CS%C3%8DK_SEAT_EAST_TRANSYLVANIA_ROMANIA_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of VILLAGE AND CHURCH. THE RELATION BETWEEN THE ECCLESIASTICAL TOPOGRAPHY AND THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT SYSTEM IN CSÍK‑SEAT (EAST‑TRANSYLVANIA, ROMANIA)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61201542/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40912727/VILLAGE_AND_CHURCH_THE_RELATION_BETWEEN_THE_ECCLESIASTICAL_TOPOGRAPHY_AND_THE_MEDIEVAL_SETTLEMENT_SYSTEM_IN_CS%C3%8DK_SEAT_EAST_TRANSYLVANIA_ROMANIA_">VILLAGE AND CHURCH. THE RELATION BETWEEN THE ECCLESIASTICAL TOPOGRAPHY AND THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT SYSTEM IN CSÍK‑SEAT (EAST‑TRANSYLVANIA, ROMANIA)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>DACIA N.S.</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Ciuc‑basin, the former Csík‑seat in medieval times, is located at the eastern periphery of Tr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Ciuc‑basin, the former Csík‑seat in medieval times, is located at the eastern periphery of Transylvania, at the border region of the medieval Hungarian Kingdom. Due to its geographical position, it creates a real opportunity to examine the centre – periphery relations, especially because it has preserved almost unchanged the medieval network of settlements and churches. The geographical situation limits the areas available for the human habitation and, in the meantime, compared to the central or the more exposed regions, there are no abandoned churches or deserted settlements. Therefore, the preserved medieval settlement system offers a good opportunity to analyse several aspects of the ecclesiastical topography.<br />This region appeared in the written sources only at the beginning of the 14th century, when 15 churches were mentioned in the Ciuc‑basin (and two more at Gheorgheni and Cașin). These parish churches had, very probably, contemporary subordinated filia villages lacking their own churches. From the 16th‑17th century sources, the number of such filia settlements can be estimated to around 50. A church network could not have been formed without a solid demographic background, although one faces a methodological problem: how far back into the past should we go when taking into consideration the parish churches and their subordinated villages, given the fact that in the written sources they appeared at a later date?<br />The research of place names revealed the fact that local toponymy has several layers, typologically and chronologically different, and some of them seem to originate prior to the 13th‑14th centuries. At the same time, archaeological research (excavations and field work) identified several 11th/12th‑13th century sites even in the filia villages mentioned in documents only in the 16th century. The archaeological material was dated not just by observed analogies but also by independent 14C AMS dates. The archaeological (and toponymic) data supports the affirmation that the settlement system on which the parish network could have formed existed in the 12th century.<br />The archaeological excavations of the last two decades documented pre‑Gothic periods at all investigated churches, although the chronology of these earlier periods is ambiguous or impossible to establish because the dating elements were missing. Ciuc remained Catholic throughout its entire history, with churches and their surrounding cemeteries used continuously from the construction date until the present. Newer, deeper and larger graves systematically destroyed medieval graves, therefore most investigated graves around the medieval churches of Ciuc are relatively recent. Fortunately, in some cases, under later architectural elements (such as buttresses) or in undisturbed places, early graves containing 12th century artefacts/grave goods were documented, with this date also confirmed by 14C dates. Based on this, one can presume that the first churches (some of them of wood?) were built during the 12th century.<br />The parish network was most surely in place by the beginning of the 14th century, and continued to function almost unchanged till the 18th‑19th centuries, when some earlier filia villages obtained parish rights and built new churches of their own. The ratio of the medieval parish churches to villages was 1:3 on average, but this represents a mean value obtained from variable ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:6. The church network was surprisingly dense, with the distance between two churches of ca. 4‑5 km, and all settlements were within a radius of 5 km from at least one parish church.<br />Chapels were also important elements in the ecclesiastical topography. The first were built in the 14th century outside the villages, but the modalities and the reasons of their construction are not really known. The second group of chapels appeared inside the filia villages in the 15th‑16th centuries. In this case, the motivation can be easily guessed: they were built at the initiative of the local elite and community. The main reason was to create possibilities to have local Masses instead of walking regularly to the neighbourhood parish church. Naturally, those chapels became key elements in the process of founding new parishes in the modern periods, when the present‑day ecclesiastical organisation got its final shape.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5fd3127373b7ab2be492df3ae0ac7d7c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61201542,"asset_id":40912727,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61201542/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40912727"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40912727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40912727; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40912727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40912727]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40912727; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40912727']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40912727, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5fd3127373b7ab2be492df3ae0ac7d7c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40912727]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40912727,"title":"VILLAGE AND CHURCH. THE RELATION BETWEEN THE ECCLESIASTICAL TOPOGRAPHY AND THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT SYSTEM IN CSÍK‑SEAT (EAST‑TRANSYLVANIA, ROMANIA)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"tome LXI","abstract":"The Ciuc‑basin, the former Csík‑seat in medieval times, is located at the eastern periphery of Transylvania, at the border region of the medieval Hungarian Kingdom. Due to its geographical position, it creates a real opportunity to examine the centre – periphery relations, especially because it has preserved almost unchanged the medieval network of settlements and churches. The geographical situation limits the areas available for the human habitation and, in the meantime, compared to the central or the more exposed regions, there are no abandoned churches or deserted settlements. Therefore, the preserved medieval settlement system offers a good opportunity to analyse several aspects of the ecclesiastical topography.\nThis region appeared in the written sources only at the beginning of the 14th century, when 15 churches were mentioned in the Ciuc‑basin (and two more at Gheorgheni and Cașin). These parish churches had, very probably, contemporary subordinated filia villages lacking their own churches. From the 16th‑17th century sources, the number of such filia settlements can be estimated to around 50. A church network could not have been formed without a solid demographic background, although one faces a methodological problem: how far back into the past should we go when taking into consideration the parish churches and their subordinated villages, given the fact that in the written sources they appeared at a later date?\nThe research of place names revealed the fact that local toponymy has several layers, typologically and chronologically different, and some of them seem to originate prior to the 13th‑14th centuries. At the same time, archaeological research (excavations and field work) identified several 11th/12th‑13th century sites even in the filia villages mentioned in documents only in the 16th century. The archaeological material was dated not just by observed analogies but also by independent 14C AMS dates. The archaeological (and toponymic) data supports the affirmation that the settlement system on which the parish network could have formed existed in the 12th century.\nThe archaeological excavations of the last two decades documented pre‑Gothic periods at all investigated churches, although the chronology of these earlier periods is ambiguous or impossible to establish because the dating elements were missing. Ciuc remained Catholic throughout its entire history, with churches and their surrounding cemeteries used continuously from the construction date until the present. Newer, deeper and larger graves systematically destroyed medieval graves, therefore most investigated graves around the medieval churches of Ciuc are relatively recent. Fortunately, in some cases, under later architectural elements (such as buttresses) or in undisturbed places, early graves containing 12th century artefacts/grave goods were documented, with this date also confirmed by 14C dates. Based on this, one can presume that the first churches (some of them of wood?) were built during the 12th century.\nThe parish network was most surely in place by the beginning of the 14th century, and continued to function almost unchanged till the 18th‑19th centuries, when some earlier filia villages obtained parish rights and built new churches of their own. The ratio of the medieval parish churches to villages was 1:3 on average, but this represents a mean value obtained from variable ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:6. The church network was surprisingly dense, with the distance between two churches of ca. 4‑5 km, and all settlements were within a radius of 5 km from at least one parish church.\nChapels were also important elements in the ecclesiastical topography. The first were built in the 14th century outside the villages, but the modalities and the reasons of their construction are not really known. The second group of chapels appeared inside the filia villages in the 15th‑16th centuries. In this case, the motivation can be easily guessed: they were built at the initiative of the local elite and community. The main reason was to create possibilities to have local Masses instead of walking regularly to the neighbourhood parish church. Naturally, those chapels became key elements in the process of founding new parishes in the modern periods, when the present‑day ecclesiastical organisation got its final shape.","page_numbers":"155‑182","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"DACIA N.S."},"translated_abstract":"The Ciuc‑basin, the former Csík‑seat in medieval times, is located at the eastern periphery of Transylvania, at the border region of the medieval Hungarian Kingdom. Due to its geographical position, it creates a real opportunity to examine the centre – periphery relations, especially because it has preserved almost unchanged the medieval network of settlements and churches. The geographical situation limits the areas available for the human habitation and, in the meantime, compared to the central or the more exposed regions, there are no abandoned churches or deserted settlements. Therefore, the preserved medieval settlement system offers a good opportunity to analyse several aspects of the ecclesiastical topography.\nThis region appeared in the written sources only at the beginning of the 14th century, when 15 churches were mentioned in the Ciuc‑basin (and two more at Gheorgheni and Cașin). These parish churches had, very probably, contemporary subordinated filia villages lacking their own churches. From the 16th‑17th century sources, the number of such filia settlements can be estimated to around 50. A church network could not have been formed without a solid demographic background, although one faces a methodological problem: how far back into the past should we go when taking into consideration the parish churches and their subordinated villages, given the fact that in the written sources they appeared at a later date?\nThe research of place names revealed the fact that local toponymy has several layers, typologically and chronologically different, and some of them seem to originate prior to the 13th‑14th centuries. At the same time, archaeological research (excavations and field work) identified several 11th/12th‑13th century sites even in the filia villages mentioned in documents only in the 16th century. The archaeological material was dated not just by observed analogies but also by independent 14C AMS dates. The archaeological (and toponymic) data supports the affirmation that the settlement system on which the parish network could have formed existed in the 12th century.\nThe archaeological excavations of the last two decades documented pre‑Gothic periods at all investigated churches, although the chronology of these earlier periods is ambiguous or impossible to establish because the dating elements were missing. Ciuc remained Catholic throughout its entire history, with churches and their surrounding cemeteries used continuously from the construction date until the present. Newer, deeper and larger graves systematically destroyed medieval graves, therefore most investigated graves around the medieval churches of Ciuc are relatively recent. Fortunately, in some cases, under later architectural elements (such as buttresses) or in undisturbed places, early graves containing 12th century artefacts/grave goods were documented, with this date also confirmed by 14C dates. Based on this, one can presume that the first churches (some of them of wood?) were built during the 12th century.\nThe parish network was most surely in place by the beginning of the 14th century, and continued to function almost unchanged till the 18th‑19th centuries, when some earlier filia villages obtained parish rights and built new churches of their own. The ratio of the medieval parish churches to villages was 1:3 on average, but this represents a mean value obtained from variable ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:6. The church network was surprisingly dense, with the distance between two churches of ca. 4‑5 km, and all settlements were within a radius of 5 km from at least one parish church.\nChapels were also important elements in the ecclesiastical topography. The first were built in the 14th century outside the villages, but the modalities and the reasons of their construction are not really known. The second group of chapels appeared inside the filia villages in the 15th‑16th centuries. In this case, the motivation can be easily guessed: they were built at the initiative of the local elite and community. The main reason was to create possibilities to have local Masses instead of walking regularly to the neighbourhood parish church. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42919389"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42919389/A_Cs%C3%ADki_medence_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_k%C3%B6rnyezeti_viszonyair%C3%B3l"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Csíki-medence középkori környezeti viszonyairól" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63170282/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42919389/A_Cs%C3%ADki_medence_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_k%C3%B6rnyezeti_viszonyair%C3%B3l">A Csíki-medence középkori környezeti viszonyairól</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MARISIA</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Ciuc-basin is known as one of the coldest regions of the country, where the forests are mainl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Ciuc-basin is known as one of the coldest regions of the country, where the forests are mainly formed of pines and this vision is regularly projected to the Medieval Times. Archaeological data does not confirm this presumption, on 3–15th century sites often appear carbonised oak pieces. Oak timber elements can be found also in medieval churches and manors. From the 3 –4th and 16–17th centuries there are several data regarding intensive metallurgy activities which needed a huge amount of hard wood, namely oak and beech. The former oak forests are mentioned in the written sources, their memory is proven by the place names and also by pollen-data of environment history researches. The main conclusions of the paper are: the better climate conditions of the post-roman and medieval periods were more likely with those of central Transylvania and allowed the development of local human communities. The internal low-situated (oak) forests were cleared<br />continuously specially in the 17–18th centuries. Once the climate changes of the small ice-age its effects were stronger in the Ciuc-depression due its high altitude and thermic inversion phenomenon. In these conditions the competition between species was won by the pines. The present flora and forest situation of the intra-mountain<br />depressions was formed by the fallowing factors: human interventions (clearing), cooling of the climate (“little ice age”) and competition among the species. The projection of the present environment situations into the historical times could lead to erroneous interpretations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d04973679d9751f3c42703b2888914ba" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63170282,"asset_id":42919389,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63170282/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42919389"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42919389"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42919389; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42919389]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42919389]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42919389; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42919389']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42919389, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d04973679d9751f3c42703b2888914ba" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42919389]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42919389,"title":"A Csíki-medence középkori környezeti viszonyairól","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Ciuc-basin is known as one of the coldest regions of the country, where the forests are mainly formed of pines and this vision is regularly projected to the Medieval Times. Archaeological data does not confirm this presumption, on 3–15th century sites often appear carbonised oak pieces. Oak timber elements can be found also in medieval churches and manors. From the 3 –4th and 16–17th centuries there are several data regarding intensive metallurgy activities which needed a huge amount of hard wood, namely oak and beech. The former oak forests are mentioned in the written sources, their memory is proven by the place names and also by pollen-data of environment history researches. The main conclusions of the paper are: the better climate conditions of the post-roman and medieval periods were more likely with those of central Transylvania and allowed the development of local human communities. The internal low-situated (oak) forests were cleared\ncontinuously specially in the 17–18th centuries. Once the climate changes of the small ice-age its effects were stronger in the Ciuc-depression due its high altitude and thermic inversion phenomenon. In these conditions the competition between species was won by the pines. The present flora and forest situation of the intra-mountain\ndepressions was formed by the fallowing factors: human interventions (clearing), cooling of the climate (“little ice age”) and competition among the species. The projection of the present environment situations into the historical times could lead to erroneous interpretations.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"MARISIA"},"translated_abstract":"The Ciuc-basin is known as one of the coldest regions of the country, where the forests are mainly formed of pines and this vision is regularly projected to the Medieval Times. Archaeological data does not confirm this presumption, on 3–15th century sites often appear carbonised oak pieces. Oak timber elements can be found also in medieval churches and manors. From the 3 –4th and 16–17th centuries there are several data regarding intensive metallurgy activities which needed a huge amount of hard wood, namely oak and beech. The former oak forests are mentioned in the written sources, their memory is proven by the place names and also by pollen-data of environment history researches. The main conclusions of the paper are: the better climate conditions of the post-roman and medieval periods were more likely with those of central Transylvania and allowed the development of local human communities. The internal low-situated (oak) forests were cleared\ncontinuously specially in the 17–18th centuries. Once the climate changes of the small ice-age its effects were stronger in the Ciuc-depression due its high altitude and thermic inversion phenomenon. In these conditions the competition between species was won by the pines. The present flora and forest situation of the intra-mountain\ndepressions was formed by the fallowing factors: human interventions (clearing), cooling of the climate (“little ice age”) and competition among the species. The projection of the present environment situations into the historical times could lead to erroneous interpretations.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42919389/A_Cs%C3%ADki_medence_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_k%C3%B6rnyezeti_viszonyair%C3%B3l","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-05-02T02:49:29.910-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63170282,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63170282/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Marisia_Kornyezet20200502-107523-4ir25u.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63170282/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Csiki_medence_kozepkori_kornyezeti_vis.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63170282/Botar_Marisia_Kornyezet20200502-107523-4ir25u-libre.pdf?1588416359=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Csiki_medence_kozepkori_kornyezeti_vis.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201388\u0026Signature=LHCyq2X0xv3h0S1tjSVNxViUwyeaqQ5RvnlXNjddKydwa9rYmx436qgyHN9WT9nYjbRD8m8Meo8gx-8~OLLat9DwpOtMAlxzG50ySHkpPt5K9MDGXfRwSvkYb9H-uwYXZUmnTqb-~7B2uCpqkR3erdSsjD-DPfnNyTbvYEHRv7QDx0-ON9xkfX9YtuiUCJIo8yStmtzHiMMjvoTBbTxVq2Tz9axTjbdU7Vf2bs5SRvzLNoeaUFBtRyGKJLZCQO1-1OCUcHtN8LbCuyZy06hld6sZg25x9137Bg1k6zzJi~e8eFpIIAmBe7U7RpWA0P7KTAZ~o2pf5yeYSvy9a5yqZw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_Csíki_medence_középkori_környezeti_viszonyairól","translated_slug":"","page_count":32,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":63170282,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63170282/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Marisia_Kornyezet20200502-107523-4ir25u.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63170282/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Csiki_medence_kozepkori_kornyezeti_vis.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63170282/Botar_Marisia_Kornyezet20200502-107523-4ir25u-libre.pdf?1588416359=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Csiki_medence_kozepkori_kornyezeti_vis.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201388\u0026Signature=LHCyq2X0xv3h0S1tjSVNxViUwyeaqQ5RvnlXNjddKydwa9rYmx436qgyHN9WT9nYjbRD8m8Meo8gx-8~OLLat9DwpOtMAlxzG50ySHkpPt5K9MDGXfRwSvkYb9H-uwYXZUmnTqb-~7B2uCpqkR3erdSsjD-DPfnNyTbvYEHRv7QDx0-ON9xkfX9YtuiUCJIo8yStmtzHiMMjvoTBbTxVq2Tz9axTjbdU7Vf2bs5SRvzLNoeaUFBtRyGKJLZCQO1-1OCUcHtN8LbCuyZy06hld6sZg25x9137Bg1k6zzJi~e8eFpIIAmBe7U7RpWA0P7KTAZ~o2pf5yeYSvy9a5yqZw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":9117,"name":"Dendrochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendrochronology"},{"id":34818,"name":"Toponymy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toponymy"},{"id":35357,"name":"Enviromental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enviromental_Studies"},{"id":80658,"name":"Climate history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_history"},{"id":113086,"name":"Forest History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_History"},{"id":258267,"name":"Historical and Cultural Geography, Landscape and Memory, Toponymy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_and_Cultural_Geography_Landscape_and_Memory_Toponymy"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"},{"id":521671,"name":"Oak forests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oak_forests"},{"id":741966,"name":"Enviromental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enviromental_Archaeology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1471678"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1471678/Falu_szeg_t%C3%ADzes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Falu, szeg, tízes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11523695/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1471678/Falu_szeg_t%C3%ADzes">Falu, szeg, tízes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">REMARKS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS Abstract A significant number of publications...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">REMARKS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS <br />Abstract <br />A significant number of publications regarding the settlement system of the Ciuc-basin propagates the idea that the tenner (Hung: tízes) – as a geographically separate settlement <br />part – has its origins in the Middle Ages, or even that it was the basic unit during the formation of the villages.Anobjective analysis of the written records, analogies, placenames and archaeological finds did not confirme this theory. Many of the settlement units called tenners in modern times were independent villages until the 16th century, others split from them during the medieval times, but they were called szegek. The place names, and settlement units connected with szegek are surely earlier as those with tenners. <br />The tenner as a military, social, economical organisation form does originate in the medieval times, but has no connection with the formation of the settlement system. The use of the term tenner with a changed meaning regarding villages, individual settlement <br />parts (szegek) can be attested only in later periods. Even so the tenner has a great role preserving the identity, territory and name of formal settlement units.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2e3273c5504ab0e4c1f35097a0fcc8e3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":11523695,"asset_id":1471678,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11523695/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1471678"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1471678"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1471678; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1471678]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1471678]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1471678; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1471678']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1471678, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2e3273c5504ab0e4c1f35097a0fcc8e3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1471678]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1471678,"title":"Falu, szeg, tízes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"REMARKS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS\r\nAbstract\r\nA significant number of publications regarding the settlement system of the Ciuc-basin propagates the idea that the tenner (Hung: tízes) – as a geographically separate settlement\r\npart – has its origins in the Middle Ages, or even that it was the basic unit during the formation of the villages.Anobjective analysis of the written records, analogies, placenames and archaeological finds did not confirme this theory. Many of the settlement units called tenners in modern times were independent villages until the 16th century, others split from them during the medieval times, but they were called szegek. The place names, and settlement units connected with szegek are surely earlier as those with tenners.\r\nThe tenner as a military, social, economical organisation form does originate in the medieval times, but has no connection with the formation of the settlement system. The use of the term tenner with a changed meaning regarding villages, individual settlement\r\nparts (szegek) can be attested only in later periods. Even so the tenner has a great role preserving the identity, territory and name of formal settlement units.","more_info":"in: A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve VII. 2011. 11-26."},"translated_abstract":"REMARKS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS\r\nAbstract\r\nA significant number of publications regarding the settlement system of the Ciuc-basin propagates the idea that the tenner (Hung: tízes) – as a geographically separate settlement\r\npart – has its origins in the Middle Ages, or even that it was the basic unit during the formation of the villages.Anobjective analysis of the written records, analogies, placenames and archaeological finds did not confirme this theory. Many of the settlement units called tenners in modern times were independent villages until the 16th century, others split from them during the medieval times, but they were called szegek. The place names, and settlement units connected with szegek are surely earlier as those with tenners.\r\nThe tenner as a military, social, economical organisation form does originate in the medieval times, but has no connection with the formation of the settlement system. The use of the term tenner with a changed meaning regarding villages, individual settlement\r\nparts (szegek) can be attested only in later periods. Even so the tenner has a great role preserving the identity, territory and name of formal settlement units.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1471678/Falu_szeg_t%C3%ADzes","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-03-12T23:05:42.549-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11523695,"title":"Falu, szeg, tízes","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11523695/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Falu, szeg, tizes.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11523695/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Falu_szeg_tizes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11523695/Falu__szeg__tizes-libre.pdf?1390859335=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFalu_szeg_tizes.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201388\u0026Signature=F5gljLe6B3AQBuf8ymue9iEGxXJH~M2umbjMBg3~~x8uJwRH8hc-wWHY9-fGinZdh2D2c9juJkfQgOxV4S40wgb5dc8nYuY0EOj~MHsiaf7xbK1mEyXRrYJPMrwTGQfQc5kkmMoAzFRpp8Yn62wLEijKvWi2FzAYqC2g2qJ1E-jMbwJq4bMPwlt9NKb~RZzQ9j8X~jNXykjgsEi-Icu2iE-7HNTDzBCHQjkP0roZYEi3cGuMf2qaLmXZHJDB-c~sZOzEBZDNYIacwKEXJi6RVVw-E7otEF9wF0-GP2uCrJgB1oJ0-9ruBerev9TaNppTbRXQqWAaBsxmoH6x-GrHuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Falu_szeg_tízes","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":11523695,"title":"Falu, szeg, tízes","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11523695/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Falu, szeg, tizes.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11523695/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Falu_szeg_tizes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11523695/Falu__szeg__tizes-libre.pdf?1390859335=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFalu_szeg_tizes.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201388\u0026Signature=F5gljLe6B3AQBuf8ymue9iEGxXJH~M2umbjMBg3~~x8uJwRH8hc-wWHY9-fGinZdh2D2c9juJkfQgOxV4S40wgb5dc8nYuY0EOj~MHsiaf7xbK1mEyXRrYJPMrwTGQfQc5kkmMoAzFRpp8Yn62wLEijKvWi2FzAYqC2g2qJ1E-jMbwJq4bMPwlt9NKb~RZzQ9j8X~jNXykjgsEi-Icu2iE-7HNTDzBCHQjkP0roZYEi3cGuMf2qaLmXZHJDB-c~sZOzEBZDNYIacwKEXJi6RVVw-E7otEF9wF0-GP2uCrJgB1oJ0-9ruBerev9TaNppTbRXQqWAaBsxmoH6x-GrHuA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies"},{"id":425791,"name":"Transsylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transsylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1041275"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1041275/Cs%C3%ADk_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9st%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9nek_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9sei_a_helynevek_%C3%A9s_a_r%C3%A9g%C3%A9szeti_adatok_f%C3%A9ny%C3%A9ben"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Csík Árpád-kori településtörténetének kérdései a helynevek és a régészeti adatok fényében" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6360219/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1041275/Cs%C3%ADk_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9st%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9nek_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9sei_a_helynevek_%C3%A9s_a_r%C3%A9g%C3%A9szeti_adatok_f%C3%A9ny%C3%A9ben">Csík Árpád-kori településtörténetének kérdései a helynevek és a régészeti adatok fényében</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Historical place names reflect many information about the history of a particular region. Such da...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Historical place names reflect many information about the history of a particular region. Such data is essential especially on those cases when written sources do not mention these areas or certain periods. The Csík-basin (Eastern Carpathians) appears in  documents first only in the 14th century but even after the documents are very rare. Therefore the archaeological and written data is essential during the reconstruction attempts of the history of the early medieval (10-14th century) history of the area. <br />The paper presents the classical approach of the literature regarding the place names of Csík. So far a very late ,13-14th century inhabitation was proposed by earlier scholars.  Based on archaeological data, that surely proves a earlier settlement system (11-12th century) the paper suggests that a new methodological perspective is necessary for the interpretation of the place names. If the new data is accepted (typologically “early” place names documented not in contemporary but later documents) the contradiction between the archaeological data and toponimy can be resolved. Surely the two methods (archaeology, toponimy) may not influence each other, but the results have to be concluded in a acceptable way, and in the author’s opinion a independent analysis of the separate data has the same result: the first settlements can be dated both archaeologically and  also by the place names to the middle of the Árpádian-age (11-12th century).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a06ba000bd07e3bb6317d3c3fb38fe5f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":6360219,"asset_id":1041275,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6360219/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1041275"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1041275"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1041275; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1041275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1041275]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1041275; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1041275']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1041275, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a06ba000bd07e3bb6317d3c3fb38fe5f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1041275]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1041275,"title":"Csík Árpád-kori településtörténetének kérdései a helynevek és a régészeti adatok fényében","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Historical place names reflect many information about the history of a particular region. Such data is essential especially on those cases when written sources do not mention these areas or certain periods. The Csík-basin (Eastern Carpathians) appears in documents first only in the 14th century but even after the documents are very rare. Therefore the archaeological and written data is essential during the reconstruction attempts of the history of the early medieval (10-14th century) history of the area.\r\nThe paper presents the classical approach of the literature regarding the place names of Csík. So far a very late ,13-14th century inhabitation was proposed by earlier scholars. Based on archaeological data, that surely proves a earlier settlement system (11-12th century) the paper suggests that a new methodological perspective is necessary for the interpretation of the place names. If the new data is accepted (typologically “early” place names documented not in contemporary but later documents) the contradiction between the archaeological data and toponimy can be resolved. Surely the two methods (archaeology, toponimy) may not influence each other, but the results have to be concluded in a acceptable way, and in the author’s opinion a independent analysis of the separate data has the same result: the first settlements can be dated both archaeologically and also by the place names to the middle of the Árpádian-age (11-12th century). \r\n","more_info":"IN: Helynévtörténeti tanulmányok 3. Szerk. Hoffman István – Tóth Valéria, Debrecen, 2008. 71-94"},"translated_abstract":"Historical place names reflect many information about the history of a particular region. Such data is essential especially on those cases when written sources do not mention these areas or certain periods. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124382993"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124382993/A_felcs%C3%ADki_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_vasm%C5%B1vess%C3%A9g_r%C3%A9g%C3%A9szeti_nyomai"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A felcsíki középkori vasművesség régészeti nyomai" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118619291/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124382993/A_felcs%C3%ADki_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_vasm%C5%B1vess%C3%A9g_r%C3%A9g%C3%A9szeti_nyomai">A felcsíki középkori vasművesség régészeti nyomai</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Patina </span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Ciuc-basin (Romania, Est-Transylvania, Harghita county) has many metallurgical sites, most of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Ciuc-basin (Romania, Est-Transylvania, Harghita county) has many metallurgical sites, most of them from the migration period (3-4 th centuries). This paper presents those from the medieval period (12-17th centuries) located in the northern part of the region. Besides archaeological data, the field surveys, aerial photography, terrain models, historical place names, and written sources made possible a reconstruction for the dynamics in the historical landscape regarding early deforestation, agriculture, mining, woodland recovery and recent deforestation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d176d5228c5b1905c0d3300b17371acb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118619291,"asset_id":124382993,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118619291/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124382993"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124382993"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124382993; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124382993]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124382993]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124382993; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124382993']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124382993, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d176d5228c5b1905c0d3300b17371acb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124382993]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124382993,"title":"A felcsíki középkori vasművesség régészeti nyomai","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Ciuc-basin (Romania, Est-Transylvania, Harghita county) has many metallurgical sites, most of them from the migration period (3-4 th centuries). This paper presents those from the medieval period (12-17th centuries) located in the northern part of the region. Besides archaeological data, the field surveys, aerial photography, terrain models, historical place names, and written sources made possible a reconstruction for the dynamics in the historical landscape regarding early deforestation, agriculture, mining, woodland recovery and recent deforestation. ","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Patina "},"translated_abstract":"The Ciuc-basin (Romania, Est-Transylvania, Harghita county) has many metallurgical sites, most of them from the migration period (3-4 th centuries). This paper presents those from the medieval period (12-17th centuries) located in the northern part of the region. Besides archaeological data, the field surveys, aerial photography, terrain models, historical place names, and written sources made possible a reconstruction for the dynamics in the historical landscape regarding early deforestation, agriculture, mining, woodland recovery and recent deforestation. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44945276"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44945276/_CS%C3%8DK_SZEREDA_KIALAKUL%C3%81S%C3%81NAK_K%C3%89RD%C3%89SEI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of (CSÍK-)SZEREDA KIALAKULÁSÁNAK KÉRDÉSEI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65474447/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44945276/_CS%C3%8DK_SZEREDA_KIALAKUL%C3%81S%C3%81NAK_K%C3%89RD%C3%89SEI">(CSÍK-)SZEREDA KIALAKULÁSÁNAK KÉRDÉSEI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>CSÍKSZEREDA 460 - VÁROSTÖRTÉNETI KONFERENCIA</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Questions raised by the development of Miercurea-Ciuc Miercurea Ciuc appears in the written sourc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Questions raised by the development of Miercurea-Ciuc<br />Miercurea Ciuc appears in the written sources only in the 16th century, although the toponimy clearly proves that its existence is strongly connected with a medieval market. The town was deeply affected by the communist constructions, so its archaeological remains were rather destructed or still covered.<br />The plan and localisation of the settlement together with the local<br />tradition, already documented in the 18th century, suggest that the formation of the town can be connected with an artificial foundation. Based on indirect historical and archaeological data one can presume that a market near the St John church of Delniţa was moved to the town’s actual location during the 14th century.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2a5f71863c277c2ae5daf7d705dca856" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65474447,"asset_id":44945276,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65474447/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44945276"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44945276"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44945276; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44945276]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44945276]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44945276; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44945276']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44945276, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2a5f71863c277c2ae5daf7d705dca856" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44945276]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44945276,"title":"(CSÍK-)SZEREDA KIALAKULÁSÁNAK KÉRDÉSEI","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Questions raised by the development of Miercurea-Ciuc\nMiercurea Ciuc appears in the written sources only in the 16th century, although the toponimy clearly proves that its existence is strongly connected with a medieval market. 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The town was deeply affected by the communist constructions, so its archaeological remains were rather destructed or still covered.\nThe plan and localisation of the settlement together with the local\ntradition, already documented in the 18th century, suggest that the formation of the town can be connected with an artificial foundation. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83177428"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83177428/Migration_Period_and_Medieval_History_of_the_Ciomadul_Region"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Migration Period and Medieval History of the Ciomadul Region" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88613778/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83177428/Migration_Period_and_Medieval_History_of_the_Ciomadul_Region">Migration Period and Medieval History of the Ciomadul Region</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ciomadul (Csomád), The Youngest Volcano in the Carpathians</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The wider region of Ciomadul (Csomád) Hills is a unique area of Székelyland from a varietyof pers...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The wider region of Ciomadul (Csomád) Hills is a unique area of Székelyland from a varietyof perspectives. It lies on the border of the<br />historical Ciuc (Csík) and Trei Scaune (Háromszék) counties (known today as Harghita/Hargita and Covasna/Kovászna, respectively). The largest medieval fortress of Székelyland is also in this region. The landscape dominated by forests and floodplain that we see today was used and shaped by Germans of Scandinavian origin, Slavs from Eastern<br />Europe, and Hungarians and Székelys alike.<br />Based on archaeological finds and written sources, this chapter reviews the history of the area during the third–fifteenth centuries. However,<br />one has to be aware that this region does not appear in any historical sources until the fourteenth century and substantial data only<br />start to leak from the sixteenth century. At the same time the situation of the archaeological research was and still is deficient, because the<br />Migration and Medieval Period was a neglected topic in the communist era (until 1989).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b8cd67b01d0d67f69b26f94a61e60771" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88613778,"asset_id":83177428,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88613778/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83177428"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83177428"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83177428; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83177428]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83177428]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83177428; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83177428']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83177428, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b8cd67b01d0d67f69b26f94a61e60771" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83177428]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83177428,"title":"Migration Period and Medieval History of the Ciomadul Region","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-89140-4","abstract":"The wider region of Ciomadul (Csomád) Hills is a unique area of Székelyland from a varietyof perspectives. It lies on the border of the\nhistorical Ciuc (Csík) and Trei Scaune (Háromszék) counties (known today as Harghita/Hargita and Covasna/Kovászna, respectively). The largest medieval fortress of Székelyland is also in this region. The landscape dominated by forests and floodplain that we see today was used and shaped by Germans of Scandinavian origin, Slavs from Eastern\nEurope, and Hungarians and Székelys alike.\nBased on archaeological finds and written sources, this chapter reviews the history of the area during the third–fifteenth centuries. However,\none has to be aware that this region does not appear in any historical sources until the fourteenth century and substantial data only\nstart to leak from the sixteenth century. At the same time the situation of the archaeological research was and still is deficient, because the\nMigration and Medieval Period was a neglected topic in the communist era (until 1989).","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ciomadul (Csomád), The Youngest Volcano in the Carpathians"},"translated_abstract":"The wider region of Ciomadul (Csomád) Hills is a unique area of Székelyland from a varietyof perspectives. It lies on the border of the\nhistorical Ciuc (Csík) and Trei Scaune (Háromszék) counties (known today as Harghita/Hargita and Covasna/Kovászna, respectively). The largest medieval fortress of Székelyland is also in this region. The landscape dominated by forests and floodplain that we see today was used and shaped by Germans of Scandinavian origin, Slavs from Eastern\nEurope, and Hungarians and Székelys alike.\nBased on archaeological finds and written sources, this chapter reviews the history of the area during the third–fifteenth centuries. However,\none has to be aware that this region does not appear in any historical sources until the fourteenth century and substantial data only\nstart to leak from the sixteenth century. At the same time the situation of the archaeological research was and still is deficient, because the\nMigration and Medieval Period was a neglected topic in the communist era (until 1989).","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83177428/Migration_Period_and_Medieval_History_of_the_Ciomadul_Region","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-14T23:53:24.530-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88613778,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88613778/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_2022_Book_CiomadulCsomadTheYoungestVolca.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88613778/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Migration_Period_and_Medieval_History_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88613778/Botar_2022_Book_CiomadulCsomadTheYoungestVolca-libre.pdf?1657870772=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMigration_Period_and_Medieval_History_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=PrLSgOp2YdykkbfMKg9A1~alJIwywWcos0JziRP~esVlGIgFt~Vyg~qxz3WGNiyVMCuZ8UoCKKOe0U540hBVGUzWqvhD2UTe3TEem5CqSrS6ytqA~w3FagL8LA2ZtdyaHAe3OajWbg4XOxiaAsBI3VKj~OEKQOl3mDMn~vnWzIrItkK2AG5~bMiPBV81ZD-~s3Ula1ILU4cPweEjJlNKtGrMkPIhxZevORyg~brZ7Zelcgb4R6Fw8oLvdERjMXMxnrmJ61DV13YE4XKaVccHMNf5SuujwAlGuKNkYlb7fFmpAkJf-iHZTSlyZNacA0IpwavkccH9ntnaWo5dzDyfAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Migration_Period_and_Medieval_History_of_the_Ciomadul_Region","translated_slug":"","page_count":27,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":88613778,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88613778/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_2022_Book_CiomadulCsomadTheYoungestVolca.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88613778/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Migration_Period_and_Medieval_History_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88613778/Botar_2022_Book_CiomadulCsomadTheYoungestVolca-libre.pdf?1657870772=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMigration_Period_and_Medieval_History_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=PrLSgOp2YdykkbfMKg9A1~alJIwywWcos0JziRP~esVlGIgFt~Vyg~qxz3WGNiyVMCuZ8UoCKKOe0U540hBVGUzWqvhD2UTe3TEem5CqSrS6ytqA~w3FagL8LA2ZtdyaHAe3OajWbg4XOxiaAsBI3VKj~OEKQOl3mDMn~vnWzIrItkK2AG5~bMiPBV81ZD-~s3Ula1ILU4cPweEjJlNKtGrMkPIhxZevORyg~brZ7Zelcgb4R6Fw8oLvdERjMXMxnrmJ61DV13YE4XKaVccHMNf5SuujwAlGuKNkYlb7fFmpAkJf-iHZTSlyZNacA0IpwavkccH9ntnaWo5dzDyfAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":79779,"name":"Castle Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castle_Studies"},{"id":101178,"name":"Goths","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Goths"},{"id":261331,"name":"Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_Of_The_Migration_Period_And_The_Early_Middle_Ages"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"},{"id":343352,"name":"Medieval Castles and Fortresses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Castles_and_Fortresses"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="6180599" id="dendro"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="86037091"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/86037091/Medieval_roofs_of_the_Cs%C3%ADk_Seat_Harghita_County_Romania_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Medieval roofs of the Csík Seat (Harghita County, Romania)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90578105/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/86037091/Medieval_roofs_of_the_Cs%C3%ADk_Seat_Harghita_County_Romania_">Medieval roofs of the Csík Seat (Harghita County, Romania)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>CAIETE ARA. Arhitectura, Restaurare, Arheologie.</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The paper presents the results of a dendrochronological research focused on the medieval churches...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The paper presents the results of a dendrochronological research focused on the medieval churches of the Ciuc Basin (East Carpathians, Harghita County). More of these churches preserved the medieval chancels<br />although the exact building dates were unknown and only indirect data, such as altar and bell inscriptions, give a more precise dating.<br />Earlier dendrochronological sampling remained unsuccessful because of the timber species used: Norway spruce for which we had no<br />valid local chronology. After a campaign dedicated to a new chronology, sampling was repeated and more roof structures were successfully<br />dated.<br />The dendrochronological data (Mihăileni 1491 chancel, 1492 nave, Cârța 1505, Cozmeni 1506, Armășeni 1532 chancel and 1533 nave, Ciucsângeorgiu 1533) assures narrow limits for the chronology of the Late Gothic constructions, and also provides important knowledge regarding environment reconstruction, historical carpentry etc.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ce6230bd2901449c875628f16091550b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90578105,"asset_id":86037091,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90578105/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="86037091"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="86037091"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86037091; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86037091]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86037091]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86037091; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='86037091']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 86037091, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ce6230bd2901449c875628f16091550b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=86037091]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":86037091,"title":"Medieval roofs of the Csík Seat (Harghita County, Romania)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"13","abstract":"The paper presents the results of a dendrochronological research focused on the medieval churches of the Ciuc Basin (East Carpathians, Harghita County). More of these churches preserved the medieval chancels\nalthough the exact building dates were unknown and only indirect data, such as altar and bell inscriptions, give a more precise dating.\nEarlier dendrochronological sampling remained unsuccessful because of the timber species used: Norway spruce for which we had no\nvalid local chronology. After a campaign dedicated to a new chronology, sampling was repeated and more roof structures were successfully\ndated.\nThe dendrochronological data (Mihăileni 1491 chancel, 1492 nave, Cârța 1505, Cozmeni 1506, Armășeni 1532 chancel and 1533 nave, Ciucsângeorgiu 1533) assures narrow limits for the chronology of the Late Gothic constructions, and also provides important knowledge regarding environment reconstruction, historical carpentry etc.","page_numbers":"109-120","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"CAIETE ARA. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45098705"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45098705/CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGIC%C4%82_A_%C8%98ARPANTEI_%C8%98I_A_STRUCTURILOR_DE_LEMN_LA_BISERICA_NEAGR%C4%82_BRA%C8%98OV"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of CERCETAREA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A ȘARPANTEI ȘI A STRUCTURILOR DE LEMN LA BISERICA NEAGRĂ BRAȘOV" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65661726/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45098705/CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGIC%C4%82_A_%C8%98ARPANTEI_%C8%98I_A_STRUCTURILOR_DE_LEMN_LA_BISERICA_NEAGR%C4%82_BRA%C8%98OV">CERCETAREA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A ȘARPANTEI ȘI A STRUCTURILOR DE LEMN LA BISERICA NEAGRĂ BRAȘOV</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZieglerAgnes">Ziegler Agnes</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ARS TRANSSILVANIAE XXVII–XXVIII</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The present paper discusses the research carried out at the Black Church in Brașov where a consis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The present paper discusses the research carried out at the Black Church in Brașov where a<br />consistent effort to accurately date the wooden structures and the framework of the roof was recently<br />undertaken. A total of 141 samples were taken from the wooden structure of the building and were<br />examined using dendrochronological analysis in order to date the relevant elements, identify the<br />original structure as well as and later additions, and to determine the tree species. We have studied<br />55 samples extracted from the nave’s roof framework, 31 from the choir, 35 from the tower’s roof<br />frame and its interior wooden structure, 15 from pine shingles and 5 from above the pipe organ. The<br />analysis performed at the Miercurea Ciuc dendrochronology laboratory (Anno Domini Dendrolab)<br />indicated that the aforementioned Brasov roof framework was built between 1689 and 1694 and<br />can be identified as the earliest known structure of its kind in Transylvania consolidated through the<br />liegender Stuhl system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cad236f249d21ac14be249fb3dd87bfd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65661726,"asset_id":45098705,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65661726/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45098705"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45098705"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45098705; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45098705]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45098705]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45098705; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45098705']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45098705, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cad236f249d21ac14be249fb3dd87bfd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45098705]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45098705,"title":"CERCETAREA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A ȘARPANTEI ȘI A STRUCTURILOR DE LEMN LA BISERICA NEAGRĂ BRAȘOV","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The present paper discusses the research carried out at the Black Church in Brașov where a\nconsistent effort to accurately date the wooden structures and the framework of the roof was recently\nundertaken. A total of 141 samples were taken from the wooden structure of the building and were\nexamined using dendrochronological analysis in order to date the relevant elements, identify the\noriginal structure as well as and later additions, and to determine the tree species. We have studied\n55 samples extracted from the nave’s roof framework, 31 from the choir, 35 from the tower’s roof\nframe and its interior wooden structure, 15 from pine shingles and 5 from above the pipe organ. The\nanalysis performed at the Miercurea Ciuc dendrochronology laboratory (Anno Domini Dendrolab)\nindicated that the aforementioned Brasov roof framework was built between 1689 and 1694 and\ncan be identified as the earliest known structure of its kind in Transylvania consolidated through the\nliegender Stuhl system.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"ARS TRANSSILVANIAE XXVII–XXVIII"},"translated_abstract":"The present paper discusses the research carried out at the Black Church in Brașov where a\nconsistent effort to accurately date the wooden structures and the framework of the roof was recently\nundertaken. A total of 141 samples were taken from the wooden structure of the building and were\nexamined using dendrochronological analysis in order to date the relevant elements, identify the\noriginal structure as well as and later additions, and to determine the tree species. We have studied\n55 samples extracted from the nave’s roof framework, 31 from the choir, 35 from the tower’s roof\nframe and its interior wooden structure, 15 from pine shingles and 5 from above the pipe organ. The\nanalysis performed at the Miercurea Ciuc dendrochronology laboratory (Anno Domini Dendrolab)\nindicated that the aforementioned Brasov roof framework was built between 1689 and 1694 and\ncan be identified as the earliest known structure of its kind in Transylvania consolidated through the\nliegender Stuhl system.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45098705/CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGIC%C4%82_A_%C8%98ARPANTEI_%C8%98I_A_STRUCTURILOR_DE_LEMN_LA_BISERICA_NEAGR%C4%82_BRA%C8%98OV","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-02-11T01:29:02.436-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":36253521,"work_id":45098705,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":40141594,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"b***i@gmail.com","display_order":1,"name":"Ziegler Agnes","title":"CERCETAREA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A ȘARPANTEI ȘI A STRUCTURILOR DE LEMN LA BISERICA NEAGRĂ BRAȘOV"},{"id":36253522,"work_id":45098705,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":28360112,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***1@yahoo.com","display_order":2,"name":"Tóth Boglárka Márta","title":"CERCETAREA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A ȘARPANTEI ȘI A STRUCTURILOR DE LEMN LA BISERICA NEAGRĂ BRAȘOV"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65661726,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65661726/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Toth_Ziegler_Ars_Transsilvaniae_2017_18_Sarpanta_Brasov.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65661726/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGICA_A_ARPANTEI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65661726/Botar_Toth_Ziegler_Ars_Transsilvaniae_2017_18_Sarpanta_Brasov-libre.pdf?1613038859=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGICA_A_ARPANTEI.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=YAaUQdCwhq9ML8u5Y-AMAWXnWtPsH4tN~juyzaVqaN6xyPEqtt83zTwZ~m7DL2Bawk8q9UlJ16EMOma4Wg8HhRnJJWgiPXOH8cQnTZlLH8xUQ1bR2mru85AOC5-XQRB~pt65IwgBI8Y5EZDhSf-FBJN3UECnGr-meDOgw9WKmGuQUcDs8CqZeT6nFBRnSVnvQzVFP2HTmlt~6GQVphdTJc5AUv4eDgXrIof6Vi1AZAYWclFFEwaYL-E9m1V8jTy40n11C2FHtzGJY~FIWY0HbY1cXF1w~~KDNJjaPSXYvyusYmK7e-mN5xGnCuFwDpq3lrzFobJWaG4DM08A5Hyebg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ_A_ȘARPANTEI_ȘI_A_STRUCTURILOR_DE_LEMN_LA_BISERICA_NEAGRĂ_BRAȘOV","translated_slug":"","page_count":30,"language":"ro","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":65661726,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65661726/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Toth_Ziegler_Ars_Transsilvaniae_2017_18_Sarpanta_Brasov.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65661726/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"CERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGICA_A_ARPANTEI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65661726/Botar_Toth_Ziegler_Ars_Transsilvaniae_2017_18_Sarpanta_Brasov-libre.pdf?1613038859=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCERCETAREA_DENDROCRONOLOGICA_A_ARPANTEI.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=YAaUQdCwhq9ML8u5Y-AMAWXnWtPsH4tN~juyzaVqaN6xyPEqtt83zTwZ~m7DL2Bawk8q9UlJ16EMOma4Wg8HhRnJJWgiPXOH8cQnTZlLH8xUQ1bR2mru85AOC5-XQRB~pt65IwgBI8Y5EZDhSf-FBJN3UECnGr-meDOgw9WKmGuQUcDs8CqZeT6nFBRnSVnvQzVFP2HTmlt~6GQVphdTJc5AUv4eDgXrIof6Vi1AZAYWclFFEwaYL-E9m1V8jTy40n11C2FHtzGJY~FIWY0HbY1cXF1w~~KDNJjaPSXYvyusYmK7e-mN5xGnCuFwDpq3lrzFobJWaG4DM08A5Hyebg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"},{"id":9117,"name":"Dendrochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendrochronology"},{"id":14254,"name":"Archaeology of Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Buildings"},{"id":63026,"name":"Historical Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Sources"},{"id":269011,"name":"Carpentry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carpentry"},{"id":272085,"name":"Medeival Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medeival_Studies"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="67522853"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/67522853/%C3%96tsz%C3%A1z_%C3%A9ves_templom_tet%C5%91szerkezetek_a_Cs%C3%ADki_medenc%C3%A9ben"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ötszáz éves templom-tetőszerkezetek a Csíki-medencében" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78546440/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/67522853/%C3%96tsz%C3%A1z_%C3%A9ves_templom_tet%C5%91szerkezetek_a_Cs%C3%ADki_medenc%C3%A9ben">Ötszáz éves templom-tetőszerkezetek a Csíki-medencében</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>In Situ</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The paper presents the results of a recent (2020) dendrochronological research in Csík seat (East...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The paper presents the results of a recent (2020) dendrochronological research in Csík seat (East Transylvania, Harghita County, Romania), that led to the identification of more, earlier unknown roof structures from the Middle Ages.  While above four churches the historical roof are still in function (Mihăileni 1491 chancel/1492 nave, Cozmeni 1506, Armășeni 1532 chancel and 1533 nave, Ciucsângeorgiu 1533), in Cârța the late 18th century structure preserved more elements of the earlier chancel roof (1505). All of them were made of Norway Spruce. The dendrochronological data gives a precise ante quem dating  for the Late Gothic constructions of these churches, and also provides important knowledge regarding environment reconstruction, historical carpentry etc.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="abb41fa2f73734669956311838d72e02" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78546440,"asset_id":67522853,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78546440/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="67522853"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67522853"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67522853; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67522853]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67522853]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67522853; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='67522853']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67522853, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "abb41fa2f73734669956311838d72e02" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=67522853]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":67522853,"title":"Ötszáz éves templom-tetőszerkezetek a Csíki-medencében","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"1","abstract":"The paper presents the results of a recent (2020) dendrochronological research in Csík seat (East Transylvania, Harghita County, Romania), that led to the identification of more, earlier unknown roof structures from the Middle Ages. While above four churches the historical roof are still in function (Mihăileni 1491 chancel/1492 nave, Cozmeni 1506, Armășeni 1532 chancel and 1533 nave, Ciucsângeorgiu 1533), in Cârța the late 18th century structure preserved more elements of the earlier chancel roof (1505). All of them were made of Norway Spruce. The dendrochronological data gives a precise ante quem dating for the Late Gothic constructions of these churches, and also provides important knowledge regarding environment reconstruction, historical carpentry etc.\n\n","page_numbers":"93-127","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"In Situ"},"translated_abstract":"The paper presents the results of a recent (2020) dendrochronological research in Csík seat (East Transylvania, Harghita County, Romania), that led to the identification of more, earlier unknown roof structures from the Middle Ages. While above four churches the historical roof are still in function (Mihăileni 1491 chancel/1492 nave, Cozmeni 1506, Armășeni 1532 chancel and 1533 nave, Ciucsângeorgiu 1533), in Cârța the late 18th century structure preserved more elements of the earlier chancel roof (1505). All of them were made of Norway Spruce. The dendrochronological data gives a precise ante quem dating for the Late Gothic constructions of these churches, and also provides important knowledge regarding environment reconstruction, historical carpentry etc.\n\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67522853/%C3%96tsz%C3%A1z_%C3%A9ves_templom_tet%C5%91szerkezetek_a_Cs%C3%ADki_medenc%C3%A9ben","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-01-07T05:55:48.467-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":28360112,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":37424771,"work_id":67522853,"tagging_user_id":28360112,"tagged_user_id":274346,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"b***n@yahoo.com","affiliation":"Muzeul Secuiesc al Ciucului","display_order":1,"name":"Istvan Botar","title":"Ötszáz éves templom-tetőszerkezetek a Csíki-medencében"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78546440,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78546440/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Toth_Botar_500_eves_tetok_InSitu_jo.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78546440/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Otszaz_eves_templom_tetoszerkezetek_a_Cs.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78546440/Toth_Botar_500_eves_tetok_InSitu_jo-libre.pdf?1641997543=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOtszaz_eves_templom_tetoszerkezetek_a_Cs.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=TrKQoDyM-jNLPHNfKPEp5ZsQFuu3Qt97RnTm60yfk~NvkkWoN3Tq2GCwD3Wen9u63T9oGmoRAA263sM17RHK8I61wwBEGRTcsbyg6~hqW6xFgBzLsVJYwS1TN10pCRlOSuNUU4Q2o2SSXW-2AFcN3sJW-ACDyAw2WKl82Tq7Cd6dK8bUpFaPJAMeBTpPUpOOId9J7wQRvVSGLZv41KGu0QVsUIVvlp362yzCyB1mGAOb5wiiw8O7uPzyIab~XzuYI67wvTrTKY5WWasOeP7HuYGS9IBupP9g~fnkjag2k6GxLOt7QiyJGlIKKQPXa2QCEf1CjOa4ol9c7H2aNv~WOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Ötszáz_éves_templom_tetőszerkezetek_a_Csíki_medencében","translated_slug":"","page_count":38,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":28360112,"first_name":"Tóth","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Boglárka Márta","page_name":"TóthBoglárkaMárta","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-03-23T11:05:49.291-07:00","display_name":"Tóth Boglárka Márta","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta"},"attachments":[{"id":78546440,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78546440/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Toth_Botar_500_eves_tetok_InSitu_jo.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78546440/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Otszaz_eves_templom_tetoszerkezetek_a_Cs.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78546440/Toth_Botar_500_eves_tetok_InSitu_jo-libre.pdf?1641997543=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOtszaz_eves_templom_tetoszerkezetek_a_Cs.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=TrKQoDyM-jNLPHNfKPEp5ZsQFuu3Qt97RnTm60yfk~NvkkWoN3Tq2GCwD3Wen9u63T9oGmoRAA263sM17RHK8I61wwBEGRTcsbyg6~hqW6xFgBzLsVJYwS1TN10pCRlOSuNUU4Q2o2SSXW-2AFcN3sJW-ACDyAw2WKl82Tq7Cd6dK8bUpFaPJAMeBTpPUpOOId9J7wQRvVSGLZv41KGu0QVsUIVvlp362yzCyB1mGAOb5wiiw8O7uPzyIab~XzuYI67wvTrTKY5WWasOeP7HuYGS9IBupP9g~fnkjag2k6GxLOt7QiyJGlIKKQPXa2QCEf1CjOa4ol9c7H2aNv~WOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":9117,"name":"Dendrochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendrochronology"},{"id":14254,"name":"Archaeology of Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Buildings"},{"id":43204,"name":"Building archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_archaeology"},{"id":191554,"name":"Historical Roof Construction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Roof_Construction"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"},{"id":350000,"name":"Truss, Timber, Historical Timber Roofs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Truss_Timber_Historical_Timber_Roofs"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38573489"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38573489/The_Mediaeval_Roof_Structures_of_the_Lutheran_Parish_Church_in_Sibiu_DENDROCHRONOLOGY_BUILDING_HISTORY_TYPOLOGY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Mediaeval Roof Structures of the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu DENDROCHRONOLOGY, BUILDING HISTORY, TYPOLOGY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58646256/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38573489/The_Mediaeval_Roof_Structures_of_the_Lutheran_Parish_Church_in_Sibiu_DENDROCHRONOLOGY_BUILDING_HISTORY_TYPOLOGY">The Mediaeval Roof Structures of the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu DENDROCHRONOLOGY, BUILDING HISTORY, TYPOLOGY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transsylvania Nostra</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The roof structure above the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu consists of several units. Based on ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The roof structure above the Lutheran<br />Parish Church in Sibiu consists of several<br />units. Based on the dendrochronological<br />studies conducted between 2012 and 2016, the<br />building and repair of the 14th-16th century roof<br />structures can be dated accurately to a year,<br />and at the same time the church’s building<br />history, which was previously uncertain, can<br />be easily traced. The roof structures in Sibiu<br />are the earliest still standing roof structures in<br />Transylvania, thus they deserve special attention,<br />especially as they allow us to observe the<br />development of mediaeval carpentry and roof<br />structures.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="07096d7817dee031180b279c8ebf26c1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58646256,"asset_id":38573489,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58646256/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38573489"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38573489"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38573489; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38573489]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38573489]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38573489; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38573489']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38573489, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "07096d7817dee031180b279c8ebf26c1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38573489]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38573489,"title":"The Mediaeval Roof Structures of the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu DENDROCHRONOLOGY, BUILDING HISTORY, TYPOLOGY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The roof structure above the Lutheran\nParish Church in Sibiu consists of several\nunits. Based on the dendrochronological\nstudies conducted between 2012 and 2016, the\nbuilding and repair of the 14th-16th century roof\nstructures can be dated accurately to a year,\nand at the same time the church’s building\nhistory, which was previously uncertain, can\nbe easily traced. The roof structures in Sibiu\nare the earliest still standing roof structures in\nTransylvania, thus they deserve special attention,\nespecially as they allow us to observe the\ndevelopment of mediaeval carpentry and roof\nstructures.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Transsylvania Nostra"},"translated_abstract":"The roof structure above the Lutheran\nParish Church in Sibiu consists of several\nunits. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13579617"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13579617/Hidden_dates_Dendrochronological_research_on_medieval_churches_in_Transylvania"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Hidden dates. Dendrochronological research on medieval churches in Transylvania" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38079181/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13579617/Hidden_dates_Dendrochronological_research_on_medieval_churches_in_Transylvania">Hidden dates. Dendrochronological research on medieval churches in Transylvania</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ppke.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A1sGrynaeus">András Grynaeus</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Caiete ARA </span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dendrochronology is a dating method which uses tree ring data of living trees and tree ring serie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dendrochronology is a dating method which uses tree ring data of living trees and tree ring series measured on<br />historical and archaeological wood. In optimal circumstances dendrochronology can produce absolute dating with a half-year accuracy.<br />Due to research carried out by our team, initiated in 2003, we can use now two master chronologies to date oak and fi r structures in<br />Transylvania for the period between the 13th and 19th centuries, a couple of absolutely dated series for the 12th to 14th centuries, and<br />also some fl oating series for the late migration period (7th ‒ 8th centuries) and Roman period. Th e article presents a few case studies of<br />dendrochronological research on medieval churches from this region (Dârjiu, Târgu Mureş, Cetatea de Baltă, Bistriţa, Sibiu). During<br />these campaigns of fi eldwork and following analyses we successfully dated more medieval roofs and later renovation phases. So far the<br />earliest dated roof is the structure above the Evangelic church in Sibiu, where the timber material comes from trees felled at the middle<br />of the 14th century. Th e method is also used to date art objects (altar panels) and wood installations (painted ceilings, furniture).<br />To extend the validity of the present chronologies, both in time and space (in Moldova and the Romanian Plain), stronger<br />archaeological involvement will be needed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="86e3e7270eb2d0a9606f2d7afc254dd6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38079181,"asset_id":13579617,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38079181/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13579617"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13579617"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13579617; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13579617]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13579617]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13579617; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13579617']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13579617, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "86e3e7270eb2d0a9606f2d7afc254dd6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13579617]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13579617,"title":"Hidden dates. Dendrochronological research on medieval churches in Transylvania","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"6.","abstract":"Dendrochronology is a dating method which uses tree ring data of living trees and tree ring series measured on\nhistorical and archaeological wood. In optimal circumstances dendrochronology can produce absolute dating with a half-year accuracy.\nDue to research carried out by our team, initiated in 2003, we can use now two master chronologies to date oak and fi r structures in\nTransylvania for the period between the 13th and 19th centuries, a couple of absolutely dated series for the 12th to 14th centuries, and\nalso some fl oating series for the late migration period (7th ‒ 8th centuries) and Roman period. Th e article presents a few case studies of\ndendrochronological research on medieval churches from this region (Dârjiu, Târgu Mureş, Cetatea de Baltă, Bistriţa, Sibiu). During\nthese campaigns of fi eldwork and following analyses we successfully dated more medieval roofs and later renovation phases. So far the\nearliest dated roof is the structure above the Evangelic church in Sibiu, where the timber material comes from trees felled at the middle\nof the 14th century. Th e method is also used to date art objects (altar panels) and wood installations (painted ceilings, furniture).\nTo extend the validity of the present chronologies, both in time and space (in Moldova and the Romanian Plain), stronger\narchaeological involvement will be needed.","page_numbers":"233-242.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Caiete ARA "},"translated_abstract":"Dendrochronology is a dating method which uses tree ring data of living trees and tree ring series measured on\nhistorical and archaeological wood. In optimal circumstances dendrochronology can produce absolute dating with a half-year accuracy.\nDue to research carried out by our team, initiated in 2003, we can use now two master chronologies to date oak and fi r structures in\nTransylvania for the period between the 13th and 19th centuries, a couple of absolutely dated series for the 12th to 14th centuries, and\nalso some fl oating series for the late migration period (7th ‒ 8th centuries) and Roman period. Th e article presents a few case studies of\ndendrochronological research on medieval churches from this region (Dârjiu, Târgu Mureş, Cetatea de Baltă, Bistriţa, Sibiu). During\nthese campaigns of fi eldwork and following analyses we successfully dated more medieval roofs and later renovation phases. So far the\nearliest dated roof is the structure above the Evangelic church in Sibiu, where the timber material comes from trees felled at the middle\nof the 14th century. 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Dendrochronological research...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Written sources and art history presumptions are not always right... Dendrochronological research revealed a sharper dating for the "former" Gothic tower of Cozmeni (East- Transylvania, Harghita-county, Romania) and also identified a hidden wood structure inside it.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f3ef6937c7e69ccd9cc2d083c5f38f66" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119353729,"asset_id":125281311,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119353729/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125281311"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125281311"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125281311; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125281311]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125281311]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125281311; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125281311']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 125281311, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f3ef6937c7e69ccd9cc2d083c5f38f66" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125281311]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125281311,"title":"„…melyet kezdettenek vala rakni…” A csíkkozmási harangtorony titkai","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Written sources and art history presumptions are not always right... 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38573331"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38573331/A_nagyszebeni_evang%C3%A9likus_pl%C3%A9b%C3%A1niatemplom_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_tet%C5%91szerkezetei_DENDROKRONOL%C3%93GIA_%C3%89P%C3%8DT%C3%89ST%C3%96RT%C3%89NET_TIPOL%C3%93GIA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A nagyszebeni evangélikus plébániatemplom középkori tetőszerkezetei DENDROKRONOLÓGIA, ÉPÍTÉSTÖRTÉNET, TIPOLÓGIA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58646032/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38573331/A_nagyszebeni_evang%C3%A9likus_pl%C3%A9b%C3%A1niatemplom_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_tet%C5%91szerkezetei_DENDROKRONOL%C3%93GIA_%C3%89P%C3%8DT%C3%89ST%C3%96RT%C3%89NET_TIPOL%C3%93GIA">A nagyszebeni evangélikus plébániatemplom középkori tetőszerkezetei DENDROKRONOLÓGIA, ÉPÍTÉSTÖRTÉNET, TIPOLÓGIA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transsylvania Nostra</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract: The roof structure above the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu consists of several units....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract: The roof structure above the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu consists of several units. Based on the dendrochronological studies conducted between 2012 and 2016, the building and repair of the 14 th-16 th century roof structures can be dated accurately to a year, and at the same time the church's building history, which was previously uncertain, can be easily traced. The roof structures in Sibiu are the earliest still standing roof structures in Romania, thus they deserve special attention , especially as they allow us to observe the development of mediaeval carpentry and roof structures.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7d146c3a58423ca644f68bb203f39b9d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58646032,"asset_id":38573331,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58646032/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38573331"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38573331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38573331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38573331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38573331]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38573331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38573331']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38573331, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7d146c3a58423ca644f68bb203f39b9d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38573331]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38573331,"title":"A nagyszebeni evangélikus plébániatemplom középkori tetőszerkezetei DENDROKRONOLÓGIA, ÉPÍTÉSTÖRTÉNET, TIPOLÓGIA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"46","volume":"XII","abstract":"Abstract: The roof structure above the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu consists of several units. Based on the dendrochronological studies conducted between 2012 and 2016, the building and repair of the 14 th-16 th century roof structures can be dated accurately to a year, and at the same time the church's building history, which was previously uncertain, can be easily traced. The roof structures in Sibiu are the earliest still standing roof structures in Romania, thus they deserve special attention , especially as they allow us to observe the development of mediaeval carpentry and roof structures.","page_numbers":"2-33","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Transsylvania Nostra"},"translated_abstract":"Abstract: The roof structure above the Lutheran Parish Church in Sibiu consists of several units. 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The roof structures in Sibiu are the earliest still standing roof structures in Romania, thus they deserve special attention , especially as they allow us to observe the development of mediaeval carpentry and roof structures.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38573331/A_nagyszebeni_evang%C3%A9likus_pl%C3%A9b%C3%A1niatemplom_k%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_tet%C5%91szerkezetei_DENDROKRONOL%C3%93GIA_%C3%89P%C3%8DT%C3%89ST%C3%96RT%C3%89NET_TIPOL%C3%93GIA","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-03-18T04:08:52.874-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":32333878,"work_id":38573331,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":28360112,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***1@yahoo.com","display_order":1,"name":"Tóth Boglárka Márta","title":"A nagyszebeni evangélikus plébániatemplom középkori tetőszerkezetei DENDROKRONOLÓGIA, ÉPÍTÉSTÖRTÉNET, TIPOLÓGIA"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58646032,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58646032/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar-Toth-Walgraffe_TN_2018_Nagyszeben.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58646032/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_nagyszebeni_evangelikus_plebaniatemplo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58646032/Botar-Toth-Walgraffe_TN_2018_Nagyszeben-libre.pdf?1553043292=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_nagyszebeni_evangelikus_plebaniatemplo.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174701\u0026Signature=A-cmZI~mWiVhpgfw2wAs01HJKByCAf8v1E2s4kVbPwTRJsS5Hf6W0qplW2~2BSBGm2pfcXcvkTIIk6fs~ffqiWFmdnjOrsgCwdsxouHMgGDAZKHyx--iUaP~lKZ4PtfmYHMazRl7adIlDaVVTtf0lD~z0xZAusUiQdz-B6a~twqKrMtEhdP8jOL8C0Ec28ntlWUVKaz8nhm-Xh2JL5-lH35B3RBe~Vsid35A6gj82GHR6acKHGzz4ra6f64H8gFdgaa8~URS9c6TkYTWuA4urxvnw7AW1t9aipuydwK2xcvcMUZzMmhy-Kb8T8qvRTEw2YbT-8BkCeonjfwnzeNEmA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_nagyszebeni_evangélikus_plébániatemplom_középkori_tetőszerkezetei_DENDROKRONOLÓGIA_ÉPÍTÉSTÖRTÉNET_TIPOLÓGIA","translated_slug":"","page_count":32,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":58646032,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58646032/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar-Toth-Walgraffe_TN_2018_Nagyszeben.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58646032/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_nagyszebeni_evangelikus_plebaniatemplo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58646032/Botar-Toth-Walgraffe_TN_2018_Nagyszeben-libre.pdf?1553043292=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_nagyszebeni_evangelikus_plebaniatemplo.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174701\u0026Signature=A-cmZI~mWiVhpgfw2wAs01HJKByCAf8v1E2s4kVbPwTRJsS5Hf6W0qplW2~2BSBGm2pfcXcvkTIIk6fs~ffqiWFmdnjOrsgCwdsxouHMgGDAZKHyx--iUaP~lKZ4PtfmYHMazRl7adIlDaVVTtf0lD~z0xZAusUiQdz-B6a~twqKrMtEhdP8jOL8C0Ec28ntlWUVKaz8nhm-Xh2JL5-lH35B3RBe~Vsid35A6gj82GHR6acKHGzz4ra6f64H8gFdgaa8~URS9c6TkYTWuA4urxvnw7AW1t9aipuydwK2xcvcMUZzMmhy-Kb8T8qvRTEw2YbT-8BkCeonjfwnzeNEmA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7617,"name":"Medieval Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Church_History"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":9117,"name":"Dendrochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendrochronology"},{"id":14254,"name":"Archaeology of Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Buildings"},{"id":191554,"name":"Historical Roof Construction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Roof_Construction"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"},{"id":1011946,"name":"Carpentry and Carpenters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carpentry_and_Carpenters"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4994052"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4994052/Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylvania"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dendrochronological research in Transylvania" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32236320/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4994052/Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylvania">Dendrochronological research in Transylvania</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ppke.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A1sGrynaeus">András Grynaeus</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>HUNGARIAN ARCHAEOLOGY, E-JOURNAL • 2013 AUTUMN, http://www.hungarianarchaeology.hu/</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1028327dcb99e49dfdcac473b7d52483" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32236320,"asset_id":4994052,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32236320/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="4994052"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4994052"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4994052; 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The primary use of dendrochronology in archeological and historic preservation research is to determine the historical dating of wooden finds as well as old wooden elements, structures and furnishings. Great numbers of historic wooden structures and furnishings have survived in Transylvania, so this area is particularly promising for dendrochronological research. The old structures provide a wide range of sources for the collection of samples, and with the aid of these data sets the dates for a relatively large number of wooden structures and furnishings of unknown age can be determined or made more precise. At the same time, there is a serious case for the taking of dendrochronological samples in heritage preservation, since due to the neglect of the stock of historic structures and the disregard for historic preservation regulations the groups of buildings available for research are constantly disappearing or their structural elements are being replaced for no reason.","publication_name":"HUNGARIAN ARCHAEOLOGY, E-JOURNAL • 2013 AUTUMN, http://www.hungarianarchaeology.hu/","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":32236320},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4994052/Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylvania","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-11-04T21:22:23.214-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":7085260,"work_id":4994052,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":35934802,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"d***p@gmail.com","affiliation":"Pázmány Péter Catholic University","display_order":1,"name":"András Grynaeus","title":"Dendrochronological research in Transylvania"},{"id":381361,"work_id":4994052,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":28360112,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***1@yahoo.com","display_order":2,"name":"Tóth Boglárka Márta","title":"Dendrochronological research in Transylvania"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32236320,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32236320/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylvania_2013_HA013.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32236320/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylv.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32236320/Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylvania_2013_HA013-libre.pdf?1391561287=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDendrochronological_research_in_Transylv.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174701\u0026Signature=GUUo3M~mmuvN~O6ZnNPftYqIfpORhgRgWFuidKFWr-LaqbajWP6HOlAnOxTgE1GBSG2akZ97v0TrGtmhZViJ2Um7cA2Ixm2lT5wNfiZbrzSVikfp9Lfz0RzqAOHaA8xNtAagTbiZnfyVDchGkLcAYz2xr2gN4ulOSXGzMsWywju5AKoXQA0iXij4CyOIzci1A9eU6VjpowFtmtttDGwKnjfVGYM12of7ZHylvkNpn4BGVhU~1Wd2tjoW4vlOpVfAW5cwzl0Xi3ta-BaFnzOG5TD~uEd-uWiZ4fCcPjyaNaZ8lbLPPpFGIXwELkSiQcnddcbbmXFA16A6-XCDugq-0Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylvania","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":32236320,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32236320/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylvania_2013_HA013.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32236320/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylv.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32236320/Dendrochronological_research_in_Transylvania_2013_HA013-libre.pdf?1391561287=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDendrochronological_research_in_Transylv.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174701\u0026Signature=GUUo3M~mmuvN~O6ZnNPftYqIfpORhgRgWFuidKFWr-LaqbajWP6HOlAnOxTgE1GBSG2akZ97v0TrGtmhZViJ2Um7cA2Ixm2lT5wNfiZbrzSVikfp9Lfz0RzqAOHaA8xNtAagTbiZnfyVDchGkLcAYz2xr2gN4ulOSXGzMsWywju5AKoXQA0iXij4CyOIzci1A9eU6VjpowFtmtttDGwKnjfVGYM12of7ZHylvkNpn4BGVhU~1Wd2tjoW4vlOpVfAW5cwzl0Xi3ta-BaFnzOG5TD~uEd-uWiZ4fCcPjyaNaZ8lbLPPpFGIXwELkSiQcnddcbbmXFA16A6-XCDugq-0Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":9117,"name":"Dendrochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendrochronology"},{"id":45408,"name":"History of architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_architecture"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12456760"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12456760/ANALIZA_DENDROCRONOLOGIC%C4%82_A_MOBILIERULUI_BISERICILOR_DIN_TRANSILVANIA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ANALIZA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A MOBILIERULUI BISERICILOR DIN TRANSILVANIA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37675444/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12456760/ANALIZA_DENDROCRONOLOGIC%C4%82_A_MOBILIERULUI_BISERICILOR_DIN_TRANSILVANIA">ANALIZA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A MOBILIERULUI BISERICILOR DIN TRANSILVANIA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ppke.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A1sGrynaeus">András Grynaeus</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ARS TRANSSILVANIAE XXIV 2014. 111-126. </span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper presents some results of dendrochronological researches carried out on historical woo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper presents some results of dendrochronological researches carried out on historical <br />wooden installations and furniture by the Transylvanian Dendrochronological Laboratory in the <br />past few years. The main tools for dating these ecclesiastical objects (Gothic painted panels, Baroque <br />altars, historical doors, painted ceilings, breastwork of galleries) are two local chronologies for oak <br />(Quercus sp.) and fir (Abies Alba) which cover the period between the 13th and 19th centuries. <br />Naturally, in the case of art objects, the dendrochronological data is obtained without real sampling, <br />only with non-destructive methods such as surface measurement and macro-digital photography. <br />Beside exact dating, the main achievements are the proof of local fabrication of a supposed <br />„import” altarpiece, the connection with art history, written sources and dendro data, and comparison <br />of fir and pine data from contemporary artifacts. <br />The successes achieved on different types of objects and installations investigated from various <br />periods has shown again the usefulness and importance of the dendrochronological method for art <br />historical studies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3b0cde1a7468c17dfc9f156e90aa3907" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37675444,"asset_id":12456760,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37675444/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12456760"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12456760"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12456760; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12456760]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12456760]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12456760; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12456760']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12456760, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3b0cde1a7468c17dfc9f156e90aa3907" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12456760]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12456760,"title":"ANALIZA DENDROCRONOLOGICĂ A MOBILIERULUI BISERICILOR DIN TRANSILVANIA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper presents some results of dendrochronological researches carried out on historical\r\nwooden installations and furniture by the Transylvanian Dendrochronological Laboratory in the\r\npast few years. 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ÉPÍTÉSI IDEJÉNEK MEGHATÁROZÁSA DENDROKRONOLÓGIAI VIZSGÁLAT ALAPJÁN</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SZENT MIHÁLY oltalma alatt Emlékkönyv a felújított műemléktemplom ünnepélyes megáldására</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The recent dendrochronological research sucsesfully identified and dated a late Medieval (1492 AD...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa 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href="https://www.academia.edu/5614610/Dendrochronological_Analyses_and_Architectural_History_Observations_on_the_Unitarian_Church_Ensemble_in_D%C3%A2rjiu"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dendrochronological Analyses and Architectural History Observations on the Unitarian Church Ensemble in Dârjiu" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32688072/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5614610/Dendrochronological_Analyses_and_Architectural_History_Observations_on_the_Unitarian_Church_Ensemble_in_D%C3%A2rjiu">Dendrochronological Analyses and Architectural History Observations on the Unitarian Church Ensemble in Dârjiu</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ppke.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A1sGrynaeus">András Grynaeus</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transsylvania Nostra, 2013. VII/26.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e032071a8d7383ab5bd05af9cb514f37" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32688072,"asset_id":5614610,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32688072/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5614610"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5614610"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5614610; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5614610]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5614610]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5614610; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5614610']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5614610, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e032071a8d7383ab5bd05af9cb514f37" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5614610]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5614610,"title":"Dendrochronological Analyses and Architectural History Observations on the Unitarian Church Ensemble in Dârjiu","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_name":"Transsylvania Nostra, 2013. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30957634"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30957634/A_gyergy%C3%B3szentmikl%C3%B3si_r%C3%B3mai_katolikus_pl%C3%A9b%C3%A1niatemplom_torny%C3%A1nak_%C3%A9s_tet%C5%91szerkezet%C3%A9nek_dendrokronol%C3%B3giai_vizsg%C3%A1lata"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A gyergyószentmiklósi római katolikus plébániatemplom tornyának és tetőszerkezetének dendrokronológiai vizsgálata" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51388821/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30957634/A_gyergy%C3%B3szentmikl%C3%B3si_r%C3%B3mai_katolikus_pl%C3%A9b%C3%A1niatemplom_torny%C3%A1nak_%C3%A9s_tet%C5%91szerkezet%C3%A9nek_dendrokronol%C3%B3giai_vizsg%C3%A1lata">A gyergyószentmiklósi római katolikus plébániatemplom tornyának és tetőszerkezetének dendrokronológiai vizsgálata</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ppke.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A1sGrynaeus">András Grynaeus</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dendrochronology is a dating method which uses tree ring-width measurements and analysis of recen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dendrochronology is a dating method which uses tree ring-width measurements and<br />analysis of recent and historical wood to specify the procurement date of historical beams, with<br />the aim to date building phases of monuments. The dendrochronological research of the bell<br />tower and roof of the Gheorgheni Catholic church was done in several phases between 2013<br />and 2015. The goal of the research was to date the construction year of the tower and of later<br />interventions. We collected oak, spruce and elm samples from of the original floor-beams of<br />the tower, and from the beams above the arrow slits. The dendro-data prove that the five floors<br />of the medieval tower were built in the summer of 1498 (in concordance with the inscription<br />above the tower-door), but during the works earlier wood elements from the ’70s of the same<br />century were also used. In 1675, the tower was heightened with one level, while the present<br />form was achieved using spruce timber, procured sometime after 1752, probably during the<br />great Baroque reconstructions.<br />The roof structure of the church was build from spruce, cut during the winters of<br />1753/1754 and 1754/1755. Some decades later a strange intervention occurred: the original<br />tie-beam/rafter joints were dismounted and new elements were placed among them. These<br />elements come from spruces which were cut down in the winter of 1793/1794.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a5e4541f37b0b4c55f6ba58f31185f09" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51388821,"asset_id":30957634,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51388821/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30957634"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30957634"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30957634; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30957634]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30957634]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30957634; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30957634']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30957634, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a5e4541f37b0b4c55f6ba58f31185f09" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30957634]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30957634,"title":"A gyergyószentmiklósi római katolikus plébániatemplom tornyának és tetőszerkezetének dendrokronológiai vizsgálata","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Dendrochronology is a dating method which uses tree ring-width measurements and\nanalysis of recent and historical wood to specify the procurement date of historical beams, with\nthe aim to date building phases of monuments. The dendrochronological research of the bell\ntower and roof of the Gheorgheni Catholic church was done in several phases between 2013\nand 2015. The goal of the research was to date the construction year of the tower and of later\ninterventions. We collected oak, spruce and elm samples from of the original floor-beams of\nthe tower, and from the beams above the arrow slits. The dendro-data prove that the five floors\nof the medieval tower were built in the summer of 1498 (in concordance with the inscription\nabove the tower-door), but during the works earlier wood elements from the ’70s of the same\ncentury were also used. In 1675, the tower was heightened with one level, while the present\nform was achieved using spruce timber, procured sometime after 1752, probably during the\ngreat Baroque reconstructions.\nThe roof structure of the church was build from spruce, cut during the winters of\n1753/1754 and 1754/1755. Some decades later a strange intervention occurred: the original\ntie-beam/rafter joints were dismounted and new elements were placed among them. These\nelements come from spruces which were cut down in the winter of 1793/1794."},"translated_abstract":"Dendrochronology is a dating method which uses tree ring-width measurements and\nanalysis of recent and historical wood to specify the procurement date of historical beams, with\nthe aim to date building phases of monuments. The dendrochronological research of the bell\ntower and roof of the Gheorgheni Catholic church was done in several phases between 2013\nand 2015. The goal of the research was to date the construction year of the tower and of later\ninterventions. We collected oak, spruce and elm samples from of the original floor-beams of\nthe tower, and from the beams above the arrow slits. The dendro-data prove that the five floors\nof the medieval tower were built in the summer of 1498 (in concordance with the inscription\nabove the tower-door), but during the works earlier wood elements from the ’70s of the same\ncentury were also used. In 1675, the tower was heightened with one level, while the present\nform was achieved using spruce timber, procured sometime after 1752, probably during the\ngreat Baroque reconstructions.\nThe roof structure of the church was build from spruce, cut during the winters of\n1753/1754 and 1754/1755. Some decades later a strange intervention occurred: the original\ntie-beam/rafter joints were dismounted and new elements were placed among them. These\nelements come from spruces which were cut down in the winter of 1793/1794.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30957634/A_gyergy%C3%B3szentmikl%C3%B3si_r%C3%B3mai_katolikus_pl%C3%A9b%C3%A1niatemplom_torny%C3%A1nak_%C3%A9s_tet%C5%91szerkezet%C3%A9nek_dendrokronol%C3%B3giai_vizsg%C3%A1lata","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-01-17T01:06:51.053-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":27147191,"work_id":30957634,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":35934802,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"d***p@gmail.com","affiliation":"Pázmány Péter Catholic University","display_order":1,"name":"András Grynaeus","title":"A gyergyószentmiklósi római katolikus plébániatemplom tornyának és tetőszerkezetének dendrokronológiai vizsgálata"},{"id":27147192,"work_id":30957634,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":28360112,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***1@yahoo.com","display_order":2,"name":"Tóth Boglárka Márta","title":"A gyergyószentmiklósi római katolikus plébániatemplom tornyának és tetőszerkezetének dendrokronológiai vizsgálata"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51388821,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51388821/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Toth_B-Botar_I-Grynaeus_A_Gyergyoszentmiklos_templom_torony_dendro.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51388821/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_gyergyoszentmiklosi_romai_katolikus_pl.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51388821/Toth_B-Botar_I-Grynaeus_A_Gyergyoszentmiklos_templom_torony_dendro-libre.pdf?1484644183=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_gyergyoszentmiklosi_romai_katolikus_pl.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=bxec9z~hYWDS95BI4gEga3obw-qnquXFkUinoEXGn20gE~MC7rdc0582mUUIdLlE9sCjXK90TzJllc0T3e~RYOHeyAqcdpcjvJZSLDmmuzhdm9Lfm~xHUNW-qNpXab8rgXub3th6rxKxKKdNA6t2SYZPnMSo8o8jZKziAVAbpixKnfFzJnHX58BS3U~79kgc5zgEAJMpPEpazCpCa1R1RkXkdB-LdUByFq-geuLpbaLi7h705T1uG7z2lSK5WUhDfhULlchRP9wYZ6-JdNL0EaC0ZJtmMWnl04Z3tKld9B6~CKANiyR6y4LwmNA5rXGjfvaH4A5koX-Cvfu5r5TWtQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_gyergyószentmiklósi_római_katolikus_plébániatemplom_tornyának_és_tetőszerkezetének_dendrokronológiai_vizsgálata","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":51388821,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51388821/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Toth_B-Botar_I-Grynaeus_A_Gyergyoszentmiklos_templom_torony_dendro.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51388821/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_gyergyoszentmiklosi_romai_katolikus_pl.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51388821/Toth_B-Botar_I-Grynaeus_A_Gyergyoszentmiklos_templom_torony_dendro-libre.pdf?1484644183=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_gyergyoszentmiklosi_romai_katolikus_pl.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201389\u0026Signature=bxec9z~hYWDS95BI4gEga3obw-qnquXFkUinoEXGn20gE~MC7rdc0582mUUIdLlE9sCjXK90TzJllc0T3e~RYOHeyAqcdpcjvJZSLDmmuzhdm9Lfm~xHUNW-qNpXab8rgXub3th6rxKxKKdNA6t2SYZPnMSo8o8jZKziAVAbpixKnfFzJnHX58BS3U~79kgc5zgEAJMpPEpazCpCa1R1RkXkdB-LdUByFq-geuLpbaLi7h705T1uG7z2lSK5WUhDfhULlchRP9wYZ6-JdNL0EaC0ZJtmMWnl04Z3tKld9B6~CKANiyR6y4LwmNA5rXGjfvaH4A5koX-Cvfu5r5TWtQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":9117,"name":"Dendrochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendrochronology"},{"id":14254,"name":"Archaeology of Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Buildings"},{"id":14893,"name":"Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_History"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11602693"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11602693/Dendrochronological_dating_of_wooden_finds_from_Transylvania_new_results_from_the_early_medieval_sites_of_Lazuri_Lubi_tag_and_Kakasbarozda_Cs%C3%BAzlik"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dendrochronological dating of wooden finds from Transylvania: new results from the early medieval sites of Lazuri-Lubi-tag and Kakasbarozda-Csúzlik" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37079712/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11602693/Dendrochronological_dating_of_wooden_finds_from_Transylvania_new_results_from_the_early_medieval_sites_of_Lazuri_Lubi_tag_and_Kakasbarozda_Cs%C3%BAzlik">Dendrochronological dating of wooden finds from Transylvania: new results from the early medieval sites of Lazuri-Lubi-tag and Kakasbarozda-Csúzlik</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ppke.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A1sGrynaeus">András Grynaeus</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Summary This contribution presents the results of dendrochronological analyses made on wood from...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Summary <br />This contribution presents the results of dendrochronological analyses made on wood from two <br />archaeological sites located in Transylvania. The material from the rst sample comes from a well at <br />Lazuri in north-western Romania, dated archaeologically to the end of the 8th and beginning of the 9th <br />century. The second sample stems from the inner structure of a rampart at Kakasbarázda in the eastern <br />Carpathian previously radiocarbon-dated to the 7th–8th century. The dendrochronological analysis <br />revealed that the samples are contemporary: they have an almost 100 year-long common sequence, <br />and hence the building of the well from Lazuri can be dated to the second half of the 8th or beginning <br />of the 9th century. A secure tree-ring database for the rst millennium AD does not yet exist for Transylvania <br />and therefore the absolute dates of the samples cannot be established. Only the systematic <br />collection of wood from archaeological sites with clear stratigraphy and the application of different <br />dating methods like radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology will achieve a secure chronology in <br />the future.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f5ddf449f857ea27981f3164455aea3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37079712,"asset_id":11602693,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37079712/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11602693"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11602693"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11602693; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11602693]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11602693]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11602693; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11602693']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11602693, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8f5ddf449f857ea27981f3164455aea3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11602693]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11602693,"title":"Dendrochronological dating of wooden \u0002 finds from Transylvania: new results from the early medieval sites of Lazuri-Lubi-tag and Kakasbarozda-Csúzlik","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Summary\r\nThis contribution presents the results of dendrochronological analyses made on wood from two\r\narchaeological sites located in Transylvania. The material from the \u0002 rst sample comes from a well at\r\nLazuri in north-western Romania, dated archaeologically to the end of the 8th and beginning of the 9th\r\ncentury. The second sample stems from the inner structure of a rampart at Kakasbarázda in the eastern\r\nCarpathian previously radiocarbon-dated to the 7th–8th century. The dendrochronological analysis\r\nrevealed that the samples are contemporary: they have an almost 100 year-long common sequence,\r\nand hence the building of the well from Lazuri can be dated to the second half of the 8th or beginning\r\nof the 9th century. A secure tree-ring database for the \u0002 rst millennium AD does not yet exist for Transylvania\r\nand therefore the absolute dates of the samples cannot be established. Only the systematic\r\ncollection of wood from archaeological sites with clear stratigraphy and the application of different\r\ndating methods like radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology will achieve a secure chronology in\r\nthe future."},"translated_abstract":"Summary\r\nThis contribution presents the results of dendrochronological analyses made on wood from two\r\narchaeological sites located in Transylvania. The material from the \u0002 rst sample comes from a well at\r\nLazuri in north-western Romania, dated archaeologically to the end of the 8th and beginning of the 9th\r\ncentury. The second sample stems from the inner structure of a rampart at Kakasbarázda in the eastern\r\nCarpathian previously radiocarbon-dated to the 7th–8th century. The dendrochronological analysis\r\nrevealed that the samples are contemporary: they have an almost 100 year-long common sequence,\r\nand hence the building of the well from Lazuri can be dated to the second half of the 8th or beginning\r\nof the 9th century. A secure tree-ring database for the \u0002 rst millennium AD does not yet exist for Transylvania\r\nand therefore the absolute dates of the samples cannot be established. Only the systematic\r\ncollection of wood from archaeological sites with clear stratigraphy and the application of different\r\ndating methods like radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology will achieve a secure chronology in\r\nthe future.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11602693/Dendrochronological_dating_of_wooden_finds_from_Transylvania_new_results_from_the_early_medieval_sites_of_Lazuri_Lubi_tag_and_Kakasbarozda_Cs%C3%BAzlik","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-03-23T03:50:08.382-07:00","section":"dendro","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":7085266,"work_id":11602693,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":35934802,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"d***p@gmail.com","affiliation":"Pázmány Péter Catholic University","display_order":1,"name":"András Grynaeus","title":"Dendrochronological dating of wooden \u0002 finds from 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/></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/7700660/Dendrokronol%C3%B3giai_vizsg%C3%A1latok_a_marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhelyi_v%C3%A1rtemplomban">Dendrokronológiai vizsgálatok a marosvásárhelyi vártemplomban</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ppke.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A1sGrynaeus">András Grynaeus</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MARISIA XXXIII 2013, 291-315.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Reformed church localized inside the castle of Târgu Mureş (Marosvásárhely) belonged in the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Reformed church localized inside the castle of Târgu <br />Mureş (Marosvásárhely) belonged in the Middle Ages <br />to the Franciscan-order. Despite of destructions and <br />renovations of the last centuries the church preserved <br />more wood structures which chronological relations <br />could bring important information about the periods <br />of the building. The most appropriate method for such <br />research is the dendrochronology which in optimal <br />circumstances can result dating with half year accuracy. <br />For the analysis we took 65 samples in all. In the bell <br />tower there are no wood elements contemporary with <br />the construction, the inside structures belong all to the <br />renovation made after the devastation of 1601–1602, <br />some are even younger. The roof of the tower and <br />the beams of the old bell-structure were made from <br />oak-timber cut in 1603, while the actual bell-structure <br />is made from oaks felled in the winter of 1834–1835. <br />Unlike the tower and the nave the roof structure of the <br />sanctuary contains elements from a much earlier roof. <br />Four complete trusses on the east side and the elements <br />in the centre and south part of the structure were made <br />from oaks cut during the winter of 1479/1480 and the <br />next summer. One has to presume a bigger intervention, <br />construction on the friary for this period. The devastations <br />from the beginning of the 17th century had strong <br />effects on the north-west part of the roof positioned <br />near the bell tower, there fore the rafters located here <br />and also the connected tie-beams were replaced with <br />wood material cut in winter of 1602/1603. Surprisingly <br />the assembly marks used on the 17th century elements <br />are almost the exact copies of those dated in the 15th <br />century. The following major intervention on the roof <br />was in the 20th century, when every second secondary <br />truss was strengthened with a pine structure. <br />The main importance of the dendrochronological <br />research is the identification of a historical structure <br />in the heart of Transylvania on a well-known building, <br />and the exact dating of the construction and reconstruction <br />years.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f5b857c9b75b2282b4bf76b27713523b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34230910,"asset_id":7700660,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34230910/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="7700660"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7700660"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7700660; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7700660]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7700660]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7700660; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='7700660']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7700660, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f5b857c9b75b2282b4bf76b27713523b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=7700660]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":7700660,"title":"Dendrokronológiai vizsgálatok a marosvásárhelyi vártemplomban","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Reformed church localized inside the castle of Târgu\r\nMureş (Marosvásárhely) belonged in the Middle Ages\r\nto the Franciscan-order. Despite of destructions and\r\nrenovations of the last centuries the church preserved\r\nmore wood structures which chronological relations\r\ncould bring important information about the periods\r\nof the building. The most appropriate method for such\r\nresearch is the dendrochronology which in optimal\r\ncircumstances can result dating with half year accuracy.\r\nFor the analysis we took 65 samples in all. In the bell\r\ntower there are no wood elements contemporary with\r\nthe construction, the inside structures belong all to the\r\nrenovation made after the devastation of 1601–1602,\r\nsome are even younger. The roof of the tower and\r\nthe beams of the old bell-structure were made from\r\noak-timber cut in 1603, while the actual bell-structure\r\nis made from oaks felled in the winter of 1834–1835.\r\nUnlike the tower and the nave the roof structure of the\r\nsanctuary contains elements from a much earlier roof.\r\nFour complete trusses on the east side and the elements\r\nin the centre and south part of the structure were made\r\nfrom oaks cut during the winter of 1479/1480 and the\r\nnext summer. One has to presume a bigger intervention,\r\nconstruction on the friary for this period. The devastations\r\nfrom the beginning of the 17th century had strong\r\neffects on the north-west part of the roof positioned\r\nnear the bell tower, there fore the rafters located here\r\nand also the connected tie-beams were replaced with\r\nwood material cut in winter of 1602/1603. Surprisingly\r\nthe assembly marks used on the 17th century elements\r\nare almost the exact copies of those dated in the 15th\r\ncentury. The following major intervention on the roof\r\nwas in the 20th century, when every second secondary\r\ntruss was strengthened with a pine structure.\r\nThe main importance of the dendrochronological\r\nresearch is the identification of a historical structure\r\nin the heart of Transylvania on a well-known building,\r\nand the exact dating of the construction and reconstruction\r\nyears.","publication_name":"MARISIA XXXIII 2013, 291-315."},"translated_abstract":"The Reformed church localized inside the castle of Târgu\r\nMureş (Marosvásárhely) belonged in the Middle Ages\r\nto the Franciscan-order. Despite of destructions and\r\nrenovations of the last centuries the church preserved\r\nmore wood structures which chronological relations\r\ncould bring important information about the periods\r\nof the building. The most appropriate method for such\r\nresearch is the dendrochronology which in optimal\r\ncircumstances can result dating with half year accuracy.\r\nFor the analysis we took 65 samples in all. In the bell\r\ntower there are no wood elements contemporary with\r\nthe construction, the inside structures belong all to the\r\nrenovation made after the devastation of 1601–1602,\r\nsome are even younger. The roof of the tower and\r\nthe beams of the old bell-structure were made from\r\noak-timber cut in 1603, while the actual bell-structure\r\nis made from oaks felled in the winter of 1834–1835.\r\nUnlike the tower and the nave the roof structure of the\r\nsanctuary contains elements from a much earlier roof.\r\nFour complete trusses on the east side and the elements\r\nin the centre and south part of the structure were made\r\nfrom oaks cut during the winter of 1479/1480 and the\r\nnext summer. One has to presume a bigger intervention,\r\nconstruction on the friary for this period. The devastations\r\nfrom the beginning of the 17th century had strong\r\neffects on the north-west part of the roof positioned\r\nnear the bell tower, there fore the rafters located here\r\nand also the connected tie-beams were replaced with\r\nwood material cut in winter of 1602/1603. Surprisingly\r\nthe assembly marks used on the 17th century elements\r\nare almost the exact copies of those dated in the 15th\r\ncentury. The following major intervention on the roof\r\nwas in the 20th century, when every second secondary\r\ntruss was strengthened with a pine structure.\r\nThe main importance of the dendrochronological\r\nresearch is the identification of a historical structure\r\nin the heart of Transylvania on a well-known building,\r\nand the exact dating of the construction and reconstruction\r\nyears.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7700660/Dendrokronol%C3%B3giai_vizsg%C3%A1latok_a_marosv%C3%A1s%C3%A1rhelyi_v%C3%A1rtemplomban","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-07-17T17:52:46.077-07:00","section":"dendro","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":7085265,"work_id":7700660,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":35934802,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"d***p@gmail.com","affiliation":"Pázmány Péter Catholic University","display_order":1,"name":"András Grynaeus","title":"Dendrokronológiai vizsgálatok a marosvásárhelyi vártemplomban"},{"id":381367,"work_id":7700660,"tagging_user_id":274346,"tagged_user_id":28360112,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***1@yahoo.com","display_order":2,"name":"Tóth Boglárka Márta","title":"Dendrokronológiai vizsgálatok a marosvásárhelyi vártemplomban"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34230910,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34230910/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"botar_toth_grynaeus_walgraffe_Marosvasarhely_dendro.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34230910/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Dendrokronologiai_vizsgalatok_a_marosvas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34230910/botar_toth_grynaeus_walgraffe_Marosvasarhely_dendro-libre.pdf?1405649736=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDendrokronologiai_vizsgalatok_a_marosvas.pdf\u0026Expires=1733136725\u0026Signature=HxLNMmOam5T~qG8s6v2BHOn2eJSN99iwOqXPVYA~6AtLMm3JDsXCD9Jd8p07eDTx4ObM~CHZRrL1hpHlbwZU3qeMWbTW6XusWvMHLiG2UihWn13n2jJfBCP~B1HLBp8~rXEcoT1f3cA45V3Gvr6lvxrsnZrArc5gXgaxL0hb3puHglkuH~5o6wsSE5d6KN6KJqRod3~8TfBp2PEguj1bjhiUMsIrM4q2o~w3fCH1gpRnmdPvag14wQMmEn7T5fQfL1O9R02XH2G7tAJeT7lmkG3EH8-o8FRVFvqQxLVEMssMDBK79GN9ZrYT-I5KYspCXZOedj4Iy5kh0ABCnacAiQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Dendrokronológiai_vizsgálatok_a_marosvásárhelyi_vártemplomban","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":34230910,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34230910/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"botar_toth_grynaeus_walgraffe_Marosvasarhely_dendro.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34230910/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Dendrokronologiai_vizsgalatok_a_marosvas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34230910/botar_toth_grynaeus_walgraffe_Marosvasarhely_dendro-libre.pdf?1405649736=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDendrokronologiai_vizsgalatok_a_marosvas.pdf\u0026Expires=1733136725\u0026Signature=HxLNMmOam5T~qG8s6v2BHOn2eJSN99iwOqXPVYA~6AtLMm3JDsXCD9Jd8p07eDTx4ObM~CHZRrL1hpHlbwZU3qeMWbTW6XusWvMHLiG2UihWn13n2jJfBCP~B1HLBp8~rXEcoT1f3cA45V3Gvr6lvxrsnZrArc5gXgaxL0hb3puHglkuH~5o6wsSE5d6KN6KJqRod3~8TfBp2PEguj1bjhiUMsIrM4q2o~w3fCH1gpRnmdPvag14wQMmEn7T5fQfL1O9R02XH2G7tAJeT7lmkG3EH8-o8FRVFvqQxLVEMssMDBK79GN9ZrYT-I5KYspCXZOedj4Iy5kh0ABCnacAiQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History"},{"id":9117,"name":"Dendrochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendrochronology"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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VII/26.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dbddb7c3bc81e7f201606388c6cee207" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32688114,"asset_id":5614653,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32688114/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5614653"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5614653"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5614653; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5614653]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5614653]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5614653; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5614653']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5614653, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dbddb7c3bc81e7f201606388c6cee207" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5614653]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5614653,"title":"Dendrokronológiai vizsgálatok és építéstörténeti megfigyelések a székelyderzsi unitárius templom épületegyüttesében","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_name":"Transsylvania Nostra, 2013. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="6180603" id="migration"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41250060"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41250060/P%C4%82TRUNDEREA_SLAVILOR_%C3%8EN_BAZINUL_INTRACARPATIC_A%C8%98EZAREA_DE_LA_MIERCUREA_CIUC_%C5%9EUMULEU_GR%C4%82DINA_FODOR_KERT"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of PĂTRUNDEREA SLAVILOR ÎN BAZINUL INTRACARPATIC. AȘEZAREA DE LA MIERCUREA CIUC (ŞUMULEU) -GRĂDINA FODOR-KERT" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61473554/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41250060/P%C4%82TRUNDEREA_SLAVILOR_%C3%8EN_BAZINUL_INTRACARPATIC_A%C8%98EZAREA_DE_LA_MIERCUREA_CIUC_%C5%9EUMULEU_GR%C4%82DINA_FODOR_KERT">PĂTRUNDEREA SLAVILOR ÎN BAZINUL INTRACARPATIC. AȘEZAREA DE LA MIERCUREA CIUC (ŞUMULEU) -GRĂDINA FODOR-KERT</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ubbcluj.academia.edu/Pusk%C3%A1sJ%C3%B3zsef">Puskás József</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MATERIALE ŞI CERCETĂRI ARHEOLOGICE (serie nouă) </span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The paper presents new discoveries of the early Slavs in the Eastern Carpathians at the Miercurea...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The paper presents new discoveries of the early Slavs in the Eastern Carpathians at the Miercurea Ciuc-Fodor-kert, Şumuleu site (Harghita County). The dwellings belonged to various types but all had ovens built of stones. It is remarkable the high proportion of clay pans among the exclusively handmade pottery. The dwellings were dated based on analogies but above all by 14 C analysis. Based on these the settlement could have been founded already in the middle of the 5 th century and it was abandoned latest by the middle of the 7 th century.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="89809387cf32364d47aee19f364af0b1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61473554,"asset_id":41250060,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61473554/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41250060"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41250060"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41250060; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41250060]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41250060]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41250060; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41250060']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41250060, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "89809387cf32364d47aee19f364af0b1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41250060]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41250060,"title":"PĂTRUNDEREA SLAVILOR ÎN BAZINUL INTRACARPATIC. 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Early Slavic infiltration into the Eastern Carpathians" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58300153/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38257146/FINALLY_SLAVS_Early_Slavic_infiltration_into_the_Eastern_Carpathians">FINALLY, SLAVS! Early Slavic infiltration into the Eastern Carpathians</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>HUNGARIAN ARCHAEOLOGY</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The article presents new archaeological discoveries of early Slavs from the Ciuc-depression/Easte...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The article presents new archaeological discoveries of early Slavs from the Ciuc-depression/Eastern Carpathians (Romania) which might be one of the earliest signs of the Slavic infiltration into the Carpathian Basin based on archaeological data and C14 analysis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bda5efa5cb9583d241949fcff305bf8d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58300153,"asset_id":38257146,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58300153/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38257146"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38257146"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38257146; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38257146]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38257146]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38257146; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38257146']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38257146, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bda5efa5cb9583d241949fcff305bf8d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38257146]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38257146,"title":"FINALLY, SLAVS! 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="80276294"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/80276294/Germanic_Peoples_in_the_Ciuc_Region_Hungarian_Archaeology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Germanic Peoples in the Ciuc Region Hungarian Archaeology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86711917/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/80276294/Germanic_Peoples_in_the_Ciuc_Region_Hungarian_Archaeology">Germanic Peoples in the Ciuc Region Hungarian Archaeology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previously there was little knowledge about the history of the headwaters region of the Olt River...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previously there was little knowledge about the history of the headwaters region of the Olt River during the Migration Period. In the wake of the archaeological research from recent years we are now able to outline the settlement history of the region in the 4th century. In the period following the fall of the Roman Empire the traces of the Germanic Goths – the Sântana de Mureș-Chernyakhov culture – can be detected, and they performed intensive ironwork in this area.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="86a5220c65de3870c0377020dfa4cf8b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86711917,"asset_id":80276294,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86711917/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="80276294"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80276294"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80276294; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80276294]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80276294]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80276294; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='80276294']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80276294, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "86a5220c65de3870c0377020dfa4cf8b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=80276294]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":80276294,"title":"Germanic Peoples in the Ciuc Region Hungarian Archaeology","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Previously there was little knowledge about the history of the headwaters region of the Olt River during the Migration Period. 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In the period following the fall of the Roman Empire the traces of the Germanic Goths – the Sântana de Mureș-Chernyakhov culture – can be detected, and they performed intensive ironwork in this area.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80276294/Germanic_Peoples_in_the_Ciuc_Region_Hungarian_Archaeology","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-30T06:19:52.693-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86711917,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86711917/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"eng_Botar_15S.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86711917/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Germanic_Peoples_in_the_Ciuc_Region_Hung.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86711917/eng_Botar_15S-libre.pdf?1653918412=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGermanic_Peoples_in_the_Ciuc_Region_Hung.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=HJFKRDLDCBvL~EvQl~AyYGejmoIlGaphb9JkUqPS2pMH4s4JG6P0pDA~Y2WoEoa2heEXmbHJCiCXi4OIZM~FvImbYm~ColI7LuoG96PbBFxVsWp-SxkXX84xMCF90AaYPfw1dtw3MmIQ39uNHt8gpnghc9WkmcAXARTcMcc10HtBJ9SLFszMLIZwepLiwuQ2z15bZnFT6DQWvYCIivhxgtYjWSQOzugydes5nyh1~6XK6y95uVBincTim3k~u9Y61eJ60g-WwDgDfh5~x3DhqGQK942HfdpdMceEgisibdGhOWGvdrvUNE4n9KPq7V82kwvtQHaA6ULhVBndTP2tWw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Germanic_Peoples_in_the_Ciuc_Region_Hungarian_Archaeology","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":86711917,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86711917/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"eng_Botar_15S.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86711917/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Germanic_Peoples_in_the_Ciuc_Region_Hung.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86711917/eng_Botar_15S-libre.pdf?1653918412=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGermanic_Peoples_in_the_Ciuc_Region_Hung.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=HJFKRDLDCBvL~EvQl~AyYGejmoIlGaphb9JkUqPS2pMH4s4JG6P0pDA~Y2WoEoa2heEXmbHJCiCXi4OIZM~FvImbYm~ColI7LuoG96PbBFxVsWp-SxkXX84xMCF90AaYPfw1dtw3MmIQ39uNHt8gpnghc9WkmcAXARTcMcc10HtBJ9SLFszMLIZwepLiwuQ2z15bZnFT6DQWvYCIivhxgtYjWSQOzugydes5nyh1~6XK6y95uVBincTim3k~u9Y61eJ60g-WwDgDfh5~x3DhqGQK942HfdpdMceEgisibdGhOWGvdrvUNE4n9KPq7V82kwvtQHaA6ULhVBndTP2tWw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":384,"name":"German Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies"},{"id":77109,"name":"Great Migration period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Migration_period"},{"id":261331,"name":"Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_Of_The_Migration_Period_And_The_Early_Middle_Ages"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[{"id":20922389,"url":"http://files.archaeolingua.hu/2015NY/eng_Botar_15S.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1110469"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1110469/A_MAROSSZENTANNA_CSERNYAHOV_KULT%C3%9ARA_R%C3%89G%C3%89SZETI_EML%C3%89KEI_A_CS%C3%8DKI_MEDENC%C3%89BEN_I"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A MAROSSZENTANNA–CSERNYAHOV KULTÚRA RÉGÉSZETI EMLÉKEI A CSÍKI-MEDENCÉBEN I." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6922173/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1110469/A_MAROSSZENTANNA_CSERNYAHOV_KULT%C3%9ARA_R%C3%89G%C3%89SZETI_EML%C3%89KEI_A_CS%C3%8DKI_MEDENC%C3%89BEN_I">A MAROSSZENTANNA–CSERNYAHOV KULTÚRA RÉGÉSZETI EMLÉKEI A CSÍKI-MEDENCÉBEN I.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Archaeological finds of the Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov (4th century) culture in the Csík-Basin (A...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Archaeological finds of the Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov (4th century) culture in the Csík-Basin (Abstract) <br />Csík-basin lays in the East Carpathians by the sources of the Olt-river. It’s archaeological research was very deficient before the ’80-s of the previous century, specially the those regarding the migration and medieval period. During these decades archaeology meant only field work and poorly documented rescue excavations. Therefore the sites of Csík-basin did not figured in the first synthesis about the remains of the 4thcentury Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov culture from East Transylvania. <br />After the political turn more finds from this culture were published and the even the previously identified 4th century sites were also listed. Thanks to the activity of the ofice for cultural heritage and the newly beganed rescue excavations in the last synthesis of such sites seventeen such sites could have been mentioned. Even so the research of the Csík-basin is definitely behind comparing with the neighbour regions such as Covasna county or the valley of Târnava-river. There is no data about the cemeteries of <br />the culture, not even one house was published, and “naturally” there is no local synthesis about the sites and findings of the culture. As a intermediary substitution of a synthesis the present paper presents the results of the recent excavations and some material of the previous researches. These have no additional <br />documentation in the Szekler Museum of Ciuc therefore is uncertain if the finds belong to a single complex or there were sorted later. <br />It looks quite certain that iron smelting was a important activity of the Goths in the Csík-basin, sign of metallurgy can be found in almost all 4th century sites. As raw material for smelting they used siderits and limonits collected from the surface and surroundings of marshes. <br />Recently more 4th century sites were researched in this region. In Sântimbru, on the terrace of Olt-river the tranches of a sewer crossed a oven. During the control excavation a big pit was found which was surrounded by seven ovens with different shape and dimensions. The baking surface of the ovens and the <br />loading of the pit contained 4th century ceramics. This is the second Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov site on the territory of the village, therefore a iron slag found in the neighbourhood is thought to belong to the same horizon. <br />Just few kilometres away to south, in Sânsimion a big site is known, where among others 4th century material can be collected. In this area several signs of historical metallurgy are known. <br />Such signs were documented in Mihăileni, where in a Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov pit six huge iron slag blocks were found, as a clear proof of intensive iron smelting. In the ’60-es in Ineu a 4th century house was excavated, with also slag pieces in the collected material. Near the village the iron smelting is <br />documented also from later periods. <br />Goth settlements can be found not just along the terraces of Olt, but also near the smaller side brooks, fro example in Mihăileni, Misentea, Cozmeni, Şumuleu, therefore we have to count in Ciuc <br />with quite dense settlemet system in the 4th century. More of the Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov sites have remarkable extension which suggests existence of big, densly populated villages. The belonging cemeteries are yet unknown, but counting with them, in the present the total number of Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov sites can be estimated around 50. <br />So far there is no local data about the beginnings end, and (ethnical, social) composition of Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov culture. Such data can be expected from future researches.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="31d0cc0ffc846de49f02bb80a802ee47" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":6922173,"asset_id":1110469,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6922173/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1110469"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1110469"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1110469; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1110469]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1110469]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1110469; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1110469']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1110469, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "31d0cc0ffc846de49f02bb80a802ee47" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1110469]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1110469,"title":"A MAROSSZENTANNA–CSERNYAHOV KULTÚRA RÉGÉSZETI EMLÉKEI A CSÍKI-MEDENCÉBEN I.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Archaeological finds of the Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov (4th century) culture in the Csík-Basin (Abstract)\r\nCsík-basin lays in the East Carpathians by the sources of the Olt-river. It’s archaeological research was very deficient before the ’80-s of the previous century, specially the those regarding the migration and medieval period. During these decades archaeology meant only field work and poorly documented rescue excavations. Therefore the sites of Csík-basin did not figured in the first synthesis about the remains of the 4thcentury Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov culture from East Transylvania.\r\nAfter the political turn more finds from this culture were published and the even the previously identified 4th century sites were also listed. Thanks to the activity of the ofice for cultural heritage and the newly beganed rescue excavations in the last synthesis of such sites seventeen such sites could have been mentioned. Even so the research of the Csík-basin is definitely behind comparing with the neighbour regions such as Covasna county or the valley of Târnava-river. There is no data about the cemeteries of\r\nthe culture, not even one house was published, and “naturally” there is no local synthesis about the sites and findings of the culture. As a intermediary substitution of a synthesis the present paper presents the results of the recent excavations and some material of the previous researches. These have no additional\r\ndocumentation in the Szekler Museum of Ciuc therefore is uncertain if the finds belong to a single complex or there were sorted later.\r\nIt looks quite certain that iron smelting was a important activity of the Goths in the Csík-basin, sign of metallurgy can be found in almost all 4th century sites. As raw material for smelting they used siderits and limonits collected from the surface and surroundings of marshes.\r\nRecently more 4th century sites were researched in this region. In Sântimbru, on the terrace of Olt-river the tranches of a sewer crossed a oven. During the control excavation a big pit was found which was surrounded by seven ovens with different shape and dimensions. The baking surface of the ovens and the\r\nloading of the pit contained 4th century ceramics. This is the second Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov site on the territory of the village, therefore a iron slag found in the neighbourhood is thought to belong to the same horizon.\r\nJust few kilometres away to south, in Sânsimion a big site is known, where among others 4th century material can be collected. In this area several signs of historical metallurgy are known.\r\nSuch signs were documented in Mihăileni, where in a Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov pit six huge iron slag blocks were found, as a clear proof of intensive iron smelting. In the ’60-es in Ineu a 4th century house was excavated, with also slag pieces in the collected material. Near the village the iron smelting is\r\ndocumented also from later periods.\r\nGoth settlements can be found not just along the terraces of Olt, but also near the smaller side brooks, fro example in Mihăileni, Misentea, Cozmeni, Şumuleu, therefore we have to count in Ciuc\r\nwith quite dense settlemet system in the 4th century. More of the Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov sites have remarkable extension which suggests existence of big, densly populated villages. The belonging cemeteries are yet unknown, but counting with them, in the present the total number of Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov sites can be estimated around 50.\r\nSo far there is no local data about the beginnings end, and (ethnical, social) composition of Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov culture. Such data can be expected from future researches.","more_info":"In: Erdély és kapcsolatai a kora népvándorlás korában. Szerk.: Körösfői Zsolt, Székelykeresztúr, 2011."},"translated_abstract":"Archaeological finds of the Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov (4th century) culture in the Csík-Basin (Abstract)\r\nCsík-basin lays in the East Carpathians by the sources of the Olt-river. It’s archaeological research was very deficient before the ’80-s of the previous century, specially the those regarding the migration and medieval period. During these decades archaeology meant only field work and poorly documented rescue excavations. Therefore the sites of Csík-basin did not figured in the first synthesis about the remains of the 4thcentury Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov culture from East Transylvania.\r\nAfter the political turn more finds from this culture were published and the even the previously identified 4th century sites were also listed. Thanks to the activity of the ofice for cultural heritage and the newly beganed rescue excavations in the last synthesis of such sites seventeen such sites could have been mentioned. Even so the research of the Csík-basin is definitely behind comparing with the neighbour regions such as Covasna county or the valley of Târnava-river. There is no data about the cemeteries of\r\nthe culture, not even one house was published, and “naturally” there is no local synthesis about the sites and findings of the culture. As a intermediary substitution of a synthesis the present paper presents the results of the recent excavations and some material of the previous researches. These have no additional\r\ndocumentation in the Szekler Museum of Ciuc therefore is uncertain if the finds belong to a single complex or there were sorted later.\r\nIt looks quite certain that iron smelting was a important activity of the Goths in the Csík-basin, sign of metallurgy can be found in almost all 4th century sites. As raw material for smelting they used siderits and limonits collected from the surface and surroundings of marshes.\r\nRecently more 4th century sites were researched in this region. In Sântimbru, on the terrace of Olt-river the tranches of a sewer crossed a oven. During the control excavation a big pit was found which was surrounded by seven ovens with different shape and dimensions. The baking surface of the ovens and the\r\nloading of the pit contained 4th century ceramics. This is the second Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov site on the territory of the village, therefore a iron slag found in the neighbourhood is thought to belong to the same horizon.\r\nJust few kilometres away to south, in Sânsimion a big site is known, where among others 4th century material can be collected. In this area several signs of historical metallurgy are known.\r\nSuch signs were documented in Mihăileni, where in a Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov pit six huge iron slag blocks were found, as a clear proof of intensive iron smelting. In the ’60-es in Ineu a 4th century house was excavated, with also slag pieces in the collected material. Near the village the iron smelting is\r\ndocumented also from later periods.\r\nGoth settlements can be found not just along the terraces of Olt, but also near the smaller side brooks, fro example in Mihăileni, Misentea, Cozmeni, Şumuleu, therefore we have to count in Ciuc\r\nwith quite dense settlemet system in the 4th century. More of the Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov sites have remarkable extension which suggests existence of big, densly populated villages. The belonging cemeteries are yet unknown, but counting with them, in the present the total number of Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov sites can be estimated around 50.\r\nSo far there is no local data about the beginnings end, and (ethnical, social) composition of Sântana de Mureş–Cerneahov culture. Such data can be expected from future researches.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1110469/A_MAROSSZENTANNA_CSERNYAHOV_KULT%C3%9ARA_R%C3%89G%C3%89SZETI_EML%C3%89KEI_A_CS%C3%8DKI_MEDENC%C3%89BEN_I","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-11-22T21:44:30.641-08:00","section":"migration","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6922173,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6922173/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Erdely_es_kapcsolatai_a_kora_nepvandorlas_koraban._Szekelykeresztur__2011._-_Botar.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6922173/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_MAROSSZENTANNA_CSERNYAHOV_KULTURA_REGE.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/6922173/Erdely_es_kapcsolatai_a_kora_nepvandorlas_koraban._Szekelykeresztur__2011._-_Botar-libre.pdf?1390848690=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_MAROSSZENTANNA_CSERNYAHOV_KULTURA_REGE.pdf\u0026Expires=1733136725\u0026Signature=aVgt50HGnKYJW1Lug-mdZh9BIETC8sfVLWPV6tz1gjs4GXgpCQ2gMz6PLQLCPGc5Qsv22HeZqey85KzJiSF5162LpE6biwC0EcPA7tApcndO-Onor3ZDanZAMAbxQ1Qqf~7PgP1kXvcOOKE~Jw2gDyOLwEbVZsuK~p163HAKQpnTmYwz-TLmNq1WNSaeJWy2IQj9usgCUldOOswbREh0YBRy61eALHkh1k7csrBf0GubRddu4QCge29gJJR~029R3Xbuee55oqhNN~MWIp1zAcaZPEBVuF44C3y53VFT4dJWM1zIJf77ESoVTJ6G10ORMvIO0Y6EJfkiOLzvqh5T-w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_MAROSSZENTANNA_CSERNYAHOV_KULTÚRA_RÉGÉSZETI_EMLÉKEI_A_CSÍKI_MEDENCÉBEN_I","translated_slug":"","page_count":24,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":6922173,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6922173/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Erdely_es_kapcsolatai_a_kora_nepvandorlas_koraban._Szekelykeresztur__2011._-_Botar.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6922173/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_MAROSSZENTANNA_CSERNYAHOV_KULTURA_REGE.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/6922173/Erdely_es_kapcsolatai_a_kora_nepvandorlas_koraban._Szekelykeresztur__2011._-_Botar-libre.pdf?1390848690=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_MAROSSZENTANNA_CSERNYAHOV_KULTURA_REGE.pdf\u0026Expires=1733136725\u0026Signature=aVgt50HGnKYJW1Lug-mdZh9BIETC8sfVLWPV6tz1gjs4GXgpCQ2gMz6PLQLCPGc5Qsv22HeZqey85KzJiSF5162LpE6biwC0EcPA7tApcndO-Onor3ZDanZAMAbxQ1Qqf~7PgP1kXvcOOKE~Jw2gDyOLwEbVZsuK~p163HAKQpnTmYwz-TLmNq1WNSaeJWy2IQj9usgCUldOOswbREh0YBRy61eALHkh1k7csrBf0GubRddu4QCge29gJJR~029R3Xbuee55oqhNN~MWIp1zAcaZPEBVuF44C3y53VFT4dJWM1zIJf77ESoVTJ6G10ORMvIO0Y6EJfkiOLzvqh5T-w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":18922,"name":"Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transylvania"},{"id":49434,"name":"Ancient Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Metallurgy"},{"id":77109,"name":"Great Migration period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Migration_period"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38308403"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38308403/V%C3%89GRE_SZL%C3%81VOK_A_szl%C3%A1vok_megjelen%C3%A9se_a_Keleti_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1tokban"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of VÉGRE, SZLÁVOK! A szlávok megjelenése a Keleti Kárpátokban" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58357004/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38308403/V%C3%89GRE_SZL%C3%81VOK_A_szl%C3%A1vok_megjelen%C3%A9se_a_Keleti_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1tokban">VÉGRE, SZLÁVOK! A szlávok megjelenése a Keleti Kárpátokban</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MAGYAR RÉGÉSZET. online magazin</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A dolgozat korai szlávokhoz köthető régészeti adatokat ismertet, melyek Csíksomlyón (Csíkszereda,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A dolgozat korai szlávokhoz köthető régészeti adatokat ismertet, melyek Csíksomlyón (Csíkszereda, Hargita megye, Románia)  kerültek elő. A leletanyag jellege és a C14-es elemzések alapján lehetségesnek tűnik, hogy az itt feltárt házak nem csak a Csíki-medence első szláv objektumai, de egyben a korai szlávok Kelet-erdélyi megjelenésének legkorábbi emlékei is egyben.<br /><br />The article presents new archaeological discoveries of early Slavs from the Ciuc-depression/Eastern Carpathians (Romania) which might be one of the earliest signs of the Slavic infiltration into the Carpathian Basin based on archaeological data and C14 analysis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="72cb3822c1ad73a99a481ca3329b512a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58357004,"asset_id":38308403,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58357004/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38308403"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38308403"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38308403; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38308403]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38308403]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38308403; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38308403']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38308403, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "72cb3822c1ad73a99a481ca3329b512a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38308403]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38308403,"title":"VÉGRE, SZLÁVOK! A szlávok megjelenése a Keleti Kárpátokban","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A dolgozat korai szlávokhoz köthető régészeti adatokat ismertet, melyek Csíksomlyón (Csíkszereda, Hargita megye, Románia) kerültek elő. A leletanyag jellege és a C14-es elemzések alapján lehetségesnek tűnik, hogy az itt feltárt házak nem csak a Csíki-medence első szláv objektumai, de egyben a korai szlávok Kelet-erdélyi megjelenésének legkorábbi emlékei is egyben.\n\nThe article presents new archaeological discoveries of early Slavs from the Ciuc-depression/Eastern Carpathians (Romania) which might be one of the earliest signs of the Slavic infiltration into the Carpathian Basin based on archaeological data and C14 analysis.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"MAGYAR RÉGÉSZET. online magazin"},"translated_abstract":"A dolgozat korai szlávokhoz köthető régészeti adatokat ismertet, melyek Csíksomlyón (Csíkszereda, Hargita megye, Románia) kerültek elő. A leletanyag jellege és a C14-es elemzések alapján lehetségesnek tűnik, hogy az itt feltárt házak nem csak a Csíki-medence első szláv objektumai, de egyben a korai szlávok Kelet-erdélyi megjelenésének legkorábbi emlékei is egyben.\n\nThe article presents new archaeological discoveries of early Slavs from the Ciuc-depression/Eastern Carpathians (Romania) which might be one of the earliest signs of the Slavic infiltration into the Carpathian Basin based on archaeological data and C14 analysis.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38308403/V%C3%89GRE_SZL%C3%81VOK_A_szl%C3%A1vok_megjelen%C3%A9se_a_Keleti_K%C3%A1rp%C3%A1tokban","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-02-07T22:43:10.940-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58357004,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58357004/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Vegre_szlavok_2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58357004/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"VEGRE_SZLAVOK_A_szlavok_megjelenese_a_Ke.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58357004/Botar_Vegre_szlavok_2019-libre.pdf?1549609845=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVEGRE_SZLAVOK_A_szlavok_megjelenese_a_Ke.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=fSKL7DObHF2e-RWBM6BtGT5vRp8jhws9lIn5ZEXkSf2LSimFEDvvW42dvXIQPBkOQf3ZEcx5LrPhFy0S-RnjsQk1cXdAUHhEjwR9GKtERPT-43KIesqoVOOIDCyqKhz3DR~k~JdwimJVqv6gUvpBTetfT9M68TX-Em7aatcKib1lw0fpELFFpO9xrsSA5KSD4XSCew0gbnbYLVjxibv-k8ycGzcJ5Z8-lgEhy5bTzvcWz3UfvKb51IeKeq1LODpy5FaUbe02plsuVDQPvbmOo2Ml~IPFmlBRlWHryOEceS6SGvMjqPvCrfdztIlqDgW8MjFSXrE1g6mpUIQ98O7HVQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"VÉGRE_SZLÁVOK_A_szlávok_megjelenése_a_Keleti_Kárpátokban","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":58357004,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58357004/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Vegre_szlavok_2019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58357004/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"VEGRE_SZLAVOK_A_szlavok_megjelenese_a_Ke.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58357004/Botar_Vegre_szlavok_2019-libre.pdf?1549609845=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVEGRE_SZLAVOK_A_szlavok_megjelenese_a_Ke.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=fSKL7DObHF2e-RWBM6BtGT5vRp8jhws9lIn5ZEXkSf2LSimFEDvvW42dvXIQPBkOQf3ZEcx5LrPhFy0S-RnjsQk1cXdAUHhEjwR9GKtERPT-43KIesqoVOOIDCyqKhz3DR~k~JdwimJVqv6gUvpBTetfT9M68TX-Em7aatcKib1lw0fpELFFpO9xrsSA5KSD4XSCew0gbnbYLVjxibv-k8ycGzcJ5Z8-lgEhy5bTzvcWz3UfvKb51IeKeq1LODpy5FaUbe02plsuVDQPvbmOo2Ml~IPFmlBRlWHryOEceS6SGvMjqPvCrfdztIlqDgW8MjFSXrE1g6mpUIQ98O7HVQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":7172,"name":"Early Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":26263,"name":"Romanian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanian_Archaeology"},{"id":58937,"name":"Slavic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavic_Studies"},{"id":117728,"name":"Slavic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavic_Archaeology"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[{"id":8694284,"url":"http://www.magyarregeszet.hu/"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31004129"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31004129/GERMANIC_PEOPLES_IN_THE_CIUC_REGION"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of GERMANIC PEOPLES IN THE CIUC REGION" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51437062/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31004129/GERMANIC_PEOPLES_IN_THE_CIUC_REGION">GERMANIC PEOPLES IN THE CIUC REGION</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Hungarian archaeology online 2015 summer</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previously there was little knowledge about the history of the headwaters region of the Olt River...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previously there was little knowledge about the history of the headwaters region of the Olt River during the Migration Period. In the wake of the archaeological research from recent years we are now able to outline the settlement history of the region in the 4 th century. In the period following the fall of the Roman Empire the traces of the Germanic Goths – the Sântana de Mureș-Chernyakhov culture – can be detected, and they performed intensive ironwork in this area.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b9dc095989adc25753cb508e019f88d5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51437062,"asset_id":31004129,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51437062/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31004129"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31004129"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31004129; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31004129]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31004129]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31004129; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31004129']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31004129, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b9dc095989adc25753cb508e019f88d5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31004129]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31004129,"title":"GERMANIC PEOPLES IN THE CIUC REGION","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Previously there was little knowledge about the history of the headwaters region of the Olt River during the Migration Period. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31004078"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31004078/GERM%C3%81NOK_CS%C3%8DKBAN"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of GERMÁNOK CSÍKBAN" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51436970/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31004078/GERM%C3%81NOK_CS%C3%8DKBAN">GERMÁNOK CSÍKBAN</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previously there was little knowledge about the history of the headwaters region of the Olt River...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previously there was little knowledge about the history of the headwaters region of the Olt River during the<br />Migration Period. In the wake of the archaeological research from recent years we are now able to outline<br />the settlement history of the region in the 4th century. In the period following the fall of the Roman Empire<br />the traces of the Germanic Goths – the Sântana de Mureș-Chernyakhov culture – can be detected, and they<br />performed intensive ironwork in this area.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f3e0a9cfd51a3f00817ccc0a7ac5c689" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51436970,"asset_id":31004078,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51436970/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31004078"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31004078"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31004078; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31004078]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31004078]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31004078; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31004078']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31004078, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f3e0a9cfd51a3f00817ccc0a7ac5c689" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31004078]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31004078,"title":"GERMÁNOK CSÍKBAN","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Previously there was little knowledge about the history of the headwaters region of the Olt River during the\nMigration Period. 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CSÍKI SZÉKELY MÚZEUM CSÍKSZEREDA</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">CELLAR FROM THE 14th CENTURY, ȘUMULEU-CIUC dr. Botár István PhD Abstract The site Fodor-kert from...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">CELLAR FROM THE 14th CENTURY,<br />ȘUMULEU-CIUC<br />dr. Botár István PhD<br />Abstract<br />The site Fodor-kert from Şumuleu (Miercurea Ciuc,<br />Harghita county) is well known due to several excavations<br />which documented a large settlement of<br />the Sântana de Mureş–Cerniahov (3–4th centuries<br />AD) culture. Among the Germanic finds early Slave<br />(6–7th centuries) houses and more houses of a medieval<br />village were also found. The paper presents some<br />data and archaeological material of a cellar, which<br />probably belonged to a house built on the surface.<br />The house and the cellar were built and used during<br />the 14th century. The cellar was digged into a earlier<br />bigger pit which was opened in the 11–12th centuries<br />for clay or irons stone mining.<br />Keywords: mediecal archaeology, Ciuc-basin, 14th<br />century, cellar</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8529883b2e7ea429b486798755335dad" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60653286,"asset_id":40400992,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60653286/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40400992"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40400992"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40400992; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40400992]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40400992]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40400992; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40400992']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40400992, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8529883b2e7ea429b486798755335dad" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40400992]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40400992,"title":"Anjou-kori pince Csíksomlyón","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"CELLAR FROM THE 14th CENTURY,\nȘUMULEU-CIUC\ndr. Botár István PhD\nAbstract\nThe site Fodor-kert from Şumuleu (Miercurea Ciuc,\nHarghita county) is well known due to several excavations\nwhich documented a large settlement of\nthe Sântana de Mureş–Cerniahov (3–4th centuries\nAD) culture. Among the Germanic finds early Slave\n(6–7th centuries) houses and more houses of a medieval\nvillage were also found. The paper presents some\ndata and archaeological material of a cellar, which\nprobably belonged to a house built on the surface.\nThe house and the cellar were built and used during\nthe 14th century. The cellar was digged into a earlier\nbigger pit which was opened in the 11–12th centuries\nfor clay or irons stone mining.\nKeywords: mediecal archaeology, Ciuc-basin, 14th\ncentury, cellar","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"A CSÍKI SZÉKELY MÚZEUM ÉVKÖNYVE XIII-XIV. CSÍKI SZÉKELY MÚZEUM CSÍKSZEREDA"},"translated_abstract":"CELLAR FROM THE 14th CENTURY,\nȘUMULEU-CIUC\ndr. Botár István PhD\nAbstract\nThe site Fodor-kert from Şumuleu (Miercurea Ciuc,\nHarghita county) is well known due to several excavations\nwhich documented a large settlement of\nthe Sântana de Mureş–Cerniahov (3–4th centuries\nAD) culture. Among the Germanic finds early Slave\n(6–7th centuries) houses and more houses of a medieval\nvillage were also found. The paper presents some\ndata and archaeological material of a cellar, which\nprobably belonged to a house built on the surface.\nThe house and the cellar were built and used during\nthe 14th century. The cellar was digged into a earlier\nbigger pit which was opened in the 11–12th centuries\nfor clay or irons stone mining.\nKeywords: mediecal archaeology, Ciuc-basin, 14th\ncentury, cellar","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40400992/Anjou_kori_pince_Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3n","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-09-20T04:05:41.816-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60653286,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60653286/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_CsSzME_2019_Anjou-kori_pince20190920-7747-1ppwbho.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60653286/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Anjou_kori_pince_Csiksomlyon.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60653286/Botar_CsSzME_2019_Anjou-kori_pince20190920-7747-1ppwbho-libre.pdf?1568977960=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnjou_kori_pince_Csiksomlyon.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174703\u0026Signature=FuUhOXQ~ajftba6AjeKS-vjUpgzTbEZ~ddWUedqglpuSYW9jYxJC5H347a9TxgJ1qIRNHx~eGmFZsZsZvZinE-2smJI1ZsQkWPGo9CXFXenv1yDeWwCaGiuVg9oCxkw48orMJ02AT9Bopk8G7cBIehxU95gJFJBbFSGZOl7jmO8xxvF2ETy71dJ2Zt8xOKL-OxnVKtOgQDKFRF8Lo6G4mDYAIBDRkEz94Kw6eIQBB7yNlXlcmFT6h3Pr1d4lxuhX-P1yxjeF3POyXUryHCk~7cnOD9~IsAZHE5szUcNzwMyJaR4AsMuChCqTu4RPpRcBOIC9tT~MairKHQyA~0Y4yw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Anjou_kori_pince_Csíksomlyón","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":60653286,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60653286/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_CsSzME_2019_Anjou-kori_pince20190920-7747-1ppwbho.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60653286/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Anjou_kori_pince_Csiksomlyon.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60653286/Botar_CsSzME_2019_Anjou-kori_pince20190920-7747-1ppwbho-libre.pdf?1568977960=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnjou_kori_pince_Csiksomlyon.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174703\u0026Signature=FuUhOXQ~ajftba6AjeKS-vjUpgzTbEZ~ddWUedqglpuSYW9jYxJC5H347a9TxgJ1qIRNHx~eGmFZsZsZvZinE-2smJI1ZsQkWPGo9CXFXenv1yDeWwCaGiuVg9oCxkw48orMJ02AT9Bopk8G7cBIehxU95gJFJBbFSGZOl7jmO8xxvF2ETy71dJ2Zt8xOKL-OxnVKtOgQDKFRF8Lo6G4mDYAIBDRkEz94Kw6eIQBB7yNlXlcmFT6h3Pr1d4lxuhX-P1yxjeF3POyXUryHCk~7cnOD9~IsAZHE5szUcNzwMyJaR4AsMuChCqTu4RPpRcBOIC9tT~MairKHQyA~0Y4yw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37797823"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37797823/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_ed%C3%A9ny%C3%A9get%C5%91_kemence_Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3n"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Árpád-kori edényégető kemence Csíksomlyón" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57795861/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37797823/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_ed%C3%A9ny%C3%A9get%C5%91_kemence_Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3n">Árpád-kori edényégető kemence Csíksomlyón</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Genius loci Laszlovszky 60</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The paper presents a pottery oven from the archaeological site in Miercurea Ciuc - Fodorkert (Har...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The paper presents a pottery oven from the archaeological site in Miercurea Ciuc - Fodorkert (Harghita county, Romania). The oven belongs to a medieval settlement located near the parish church and it was inhabited between the 11-14th century. Based on decorations, forms of the excavated pots and clay cauldrons the oven can be dated to the 11-12th century, chronology which was strengthened also by C14 analysis (cal. AD: 1046-1219).  The oven is unique in the region and brings important data regarding the settlement system of the Eastern border region of Hungarian Kingdom in the Árpád-period.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bd950a46da48f4c7151f5fccd9b5d94f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57795861,"asset_id":37797823,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57795861/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37797823"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37797823"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37797823; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37797823]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37797823]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37797823; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37797823']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37797823, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bd950a46da48f4c7151f5fccd9b5d94f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37797823]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37797823,"title":"Árpád-kori edényégető kemence Csíksomlyón","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The paper presents a pottery oven from the archaeological site in Miercurea Ciuc - Fodorkert (Harghita county, Romania). 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Based on decorations, forms of the excavated pots and clay cauldrons the oven can be dated to the 11-12th century, chronology which was strengthened also by C14 analysis (cal. AD: 1046-1219). 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1110456"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1110456/Medieval_finds_from_Cotorman"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Medieval finds from Cotorman" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6922514/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1110456/Medieval_finds_from_Cotorman">Medieval finds from Cotorman</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MARISIA</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="91d81b2c1055a39d6343bfda29e88d17" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":6922514,"asset_id":1110456,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6922514/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1110456"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1110456"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1110456; 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Kutatási helyzetkép" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33977510/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/7383839/K%C3%96Z%C3%89PKORI_UDVARH%C3%81ZAK_CS%C3%8DKBAN_I_Kutat%C3%A1si_helyzetk%C3%A9p">KÖZÉPKORI UDVARHÁZAK CSÍKBAN I. Kutatási helyzetkép</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve IX. 2013. 9-58.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Manors were the residences of the local elite during the Medieval Ages. Such prominent houses wer...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Manors were the residences of the local elite during the Medieval Ages. Such prominent houses were probably built since the formation of the medieval settlement system, but so far none of them could have been identified from the first half of the medieval period. The local castles built in the 13th century on distant mountaintops were not used continuously as residences due to their location and poor archaeological material. The first mentions of the local elite and its dwellings are known from the 14thcentury, but these data are limited on adjacent but independent enclaves of Szekler Land. Such noble possession could have existed also in Ciuc (Csík) Seat but these were probably incorporated by the Szekler communities. The common Szeklers regularly attacked and destroyed the houses of their own leaders called “primipili” during the 15-16th century. The leader families vanished from the region; consequently the unknown manors were ruined or even totally destructed. Even so, the recent and old researches documented several totally or partially stonebuilt <br />manors. The study presents the medieval manors of Ciuc (Csík) Seat using data from archaeological excavations, building archaeology, old maps and written sources, archive and aerial <br />photographs, toponimy analysis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="341d93b1c972dbb1df0d52e003bee6d2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33977510,"asset_id":7383839,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33977510/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="7383839"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7383839"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7383839; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7383839]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7383839]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7383839; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='7383839']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7383839, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "341d93b1c972dbb1df0d52e003bee6d2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=7383839]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":7383839,"title":"KÖZÉPKORI UDVARHÁZAK CSÍKBAN I. 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The leader families vanished from the region; consequently the unknown manors were ruined or even totally destructed. Even so, the recent and old researches documented several totally or partially stonebuilt\r\nmanors. The study presents the medieval manors of Ciuc (Csík) Seat using data from archaeological excavations, building archaeology, old maps and written sources, archive and aerial\r\nphotographs, toponimy analysis.","publication_name":"Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve IX. 2013. 9-58."},"translated_abstract":"Manors were the residences of the local elite during the Medieval Ages. Such prominent houses were probably built since the formation of the medieval settlement system, but so far none of them could have been identified from the first half of the medieval period. The local castles built in the 13th century on distant mountaintops were not used continuously as residences due to their location and poor archaeological material. The first mentions of the local elite and its dwellings are known from the 14thcentury, but these data are limited on adjacent but independent enclaves of Szekler Land. Such noble possession could have existed also in Ciuc (Csík) Seat but these were probably incorporated by the Szekler communities. The common Szeklers regularly attacked and destroyed the houses of their own leaders called “primipili” during the 15-16th century. The leader families vanished from the region; consequently the unknown manors were ruined or even totally destructed. Even so, the recent and old researches documented several totally or partially stonebuilt\r\nmanors. The study presents the medieval manors of Ciuc (Csík) Seat using data from archaeological excavations, building archaeology, old maps and written sources, archive and aerial\r\nphotographs, toponimy analysis.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7383839/K%C3%96Z%C3%89PKORI_UDVARH%C3%81ZAK_CS%C3%8DKBAN_I_Kutat%C3%A1si_helyzetk%C3%A9p","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-06-17T22:33:39.290-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33977510,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33977510/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Kuriak_Csik_SzSzME_2013.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33977510/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"KOZEPKORI_UDVARHAZAK_CSIKBAN_I_Kutatasi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33977510/Botar_Kuriak_Csik_SzSzME_2013-libre.pdf?1403070966=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKOZEPKORI_UDVARHAZAK_CSIKBAN_I_Kutatasi.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=PGI4XXPOeJ0qLYYupNWnj6Zhy9a7Bxknlf5QFDnz5IyFtcQisQToXxJmE6OAVhSD5VCqwnrBcb7h2nnNkGJpobhJIcQtmjUA6e6RAFFXFb7k1Kws1OPcyT9Y6g1FT4AoexUerwXH5CfS4TRYw3pmcbJ3qamSjj~ferDjRS0BCDPw3QWbQZ78q-1mcbOmpTwo3L2XIuxE3aOkurRCiAVn~cdiyvyjVY94cMrxC-Cl7~jQSqCJlYiy5mDpN2YgZeOHBg77lJjAVfKqt6bEcdoCqJVXRaqYc3q6cU-1A-7RfRWPG9s4Fw9E8Vh2JlygCL6~Rtf0UStguEqSR9PhzKHqig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"KÖZÉPKORI_UDVARHÁZAK_CSÍKBAN_I_Kutatási_helyzetkép","translated_slug":"","page_count":58,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":33977510,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33977510/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Kuriak_Csik_SzSzME_2013.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33977510/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"KOZEPKORI_UDVARHAZAK_CSIKBAN_I_Kutatasi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33977510/Botar_Kuriak_Csik_SzSzME_2013-libre.pdf?1403070966=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKOZEPKORI_UDVARHAZAK_CSIKBAN_I_Kutatasi.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=PGI4XXPOeJ0qLYYupNWnj6Zhy9a7Bxknlf5QFDnz5IyFtcQisQToXxJmE6OAVhSD5VCqwnrBcb7h2nnNkGJpobhJIcQtmjUA6e6RAFFXFb7k1Kws1OPcyT9Y6g1FT4AoexUerwXH5CfS4TRYw3pmcbJ3qamSjj~ferDjRS0BCDPw3QWbQZ78q-1mcbOmpTwo3L2XIuxE3aOkurRCiAVn~cdiyvyjVY94cMrxC-Cl7~jQSqCJlYiy5mDpN2YgZeOHBg77lJjAVfKqt6bEcdoCqJVXRaqYc3q6cU-1A-7RfRWPG9s4Fw9E8Vh2JlygCL6~Rtf0UStguEqSR9PhzKHqig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13683264"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13683264/%C3%81RP%C3%81D_KORI_TELEP%C3%9CL%C3%89SR%C3%89SZLET_CS%C3%8DKSOMLY%C3%93N"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ÁRPÁD-KORI TELEPÜLÉSRÉSZLET CSÍKSOMLYÓN" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38102853/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13683264/%C3%81RP%C3%81D_KORI_TELEP%C3%9CL%C3%89SR%C3%89SZLET_CS%C3%8DKSOMLY%C3%93N">ÁRPÁD-KORI TELEPÜLÉSRÉSZLET CSÍKSOMLYÓN</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve X. (2014), p. 29-46</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The paper presents some historical and archaeological data about the beginnings of the parish ch...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The paper presents some historical and archaeological data about the beginnings of the parish <br />church in Şumuleu Ciuc and the settlement connected to it. The first phase of the church can be <br />dated based on stratigraphic observations, C14 analysis and archaeological findings from the 12th <br />century, which show that an early stone church had already been constructed in the 12th century. <br />This early edifice was then reconstructed and expanded in the following centuries. More <br />archaeological complexes – from which the current study presents the remains of two houses and <br />their findings – have been discovered towards west, on the nearby site. The pottery was periodized <br />based on analogies from Cluj-Mănăştur, Moreşti, Bratei and the Rica Forrest, through C14 analyses <br />and coin examination. Due to the tipo-chronology and ornamentation of the pottery, the Şumuleufindings <br />and settlement can be dated back to the 11–12th centuries, which precedes the first written <br />mention of the area from 1333 by centuries. This fact is essential for the history of the Eastern <br />Carpathians, because proves the existence of a very early settlement system forerunning the <br />colonisation of these regions by the Szeklers in the 13th century. The toponymical analyses suggest <br />that these settlements can be connected to a mixed, but mostly Hungarian-speaking population.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e79ec6db28ccbc96a1aaa374cd931845" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38102853,"asset_id":13683264,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38102853/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13683264"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13683264"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13683264; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13683264]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13683264]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13683264; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13683264']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13683264, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e79ec6db28ccbc96a1aaa374cd931845" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13683264]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13683264,"title":"ÁRPÁD-KORI TELEPÜLÉSRÉSZLET CSÍKSOMLYÓN","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The paper presents some historical and archaeological data about the beginnings of the parish\r\nchurch in Şumuleu Ciuc and the settlement connected to it. The first phase of the church can be\r\ndated based on stratigraphic observations, C14 analysis and archaeological findings from the 12th\r\ncentury, which show that an early stone church had already been constructed in the 12th century.\r\nThis early edifice was then reconstructed and expanded in the following centuries. More\r\narchaeological complexes – from which the current study presents the remains of two houses and\r\ntheir findings – have been discovered towards west, on the nearby site. The pottery was periodized\r\nbased on analogies from Cluj-Mănăştur, Moreşti, Bratei and the Rica Forrest, through C14 analyses\r\nand coin examination. Due to the tipo-chronology and ornamentation of the pottery, the Şumuleufindings\r\nand settlement can be dated back to the 11–12th centuries, which precedes the first written\r\nmention of the area from 1333 by centuries. This fact is essential for the history of the Eastern\r\nCarpathians, because proves the existence of a very early settlement system forerunning the\r\ncolonisation of these regions by the Szeklers in the 13th century. The toponymical analyses suggest\r\nthat these settlements can be connected to a mixed, but mostly Hungarian-speaking population.","publication_name":"A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve X. (2014), p. 29-46"},"translated_abstract":"The paper presents some historical and archaeological data about the beginnings of the parish\r\nchurch in Şumuleu Ciuc and the settlement connected to it. The first phase of the church can be\r\ndated based on stratigraphic observations, C14 analysis and archaeological findings from the 12th\r\ncentury, which show that an early stone church had already been constructed in the 12th century.\r\nThis early edifice was then reconstructed and expanded in the following centuries. More\r\narchaeological complexes – from which the current study presents the remains of two houses and\r\ntheir findings – have been discovered towards west, on the nearby site. The pottery was periodized\r\nbased on analogies from Cluj-Mănăştur, Moreşti, Bratei and the Rica Forrest, through C14 analyses\r\nand coin examination. Due to the tipo-chronology and ornamentation of the pottery, the Şumuleufindings\r\nand settlement can be dated back to the 11–12th centuries, which precedes the first written\r\nmention of the area from 1333 by centuries. This fact is essential for the history of the Eastern\r\nCarpathians, because proves the existence of a very early settlement system forerunning the\r\ncolonisation of these regions by the Szeklers in the 13th century. The toponymical analyses suggest\r\nthat these settlements can be connected to a mixed, but mostly Hungarian-speaking population.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13683264/%C3%81RP%C3%81D_KORI_TELEP%C3%9CL%C3%89SR%C3%89SZLET_CS%C3%8DKSOMLY%C3%93N","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-07-06T00:19:51.462-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38102853,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38102853/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_CsSzME_2014_Somlyo_Arpad-kori_telepules.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38102853/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"ARPAD_KORI_TELEPULESRESZLET_CSIKSOMLYON.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38102853/Botar_CsSzME_2014_Somlyo_Arpad-kori_telepules-libre.pdf?1436167590=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DARPAD_KORI_TELEPULESRESZLET_CSIKSOMLYON.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174703\u0026Signature=HTBbZ9JonpzRaMr9ANlegdlb3Tvs7-9iiE6SNAn-8uV5LcqbdXz5jwCH9eNpFZynQMPjmduyjHFWOl3hJc8~eQcx5YPtIQKflS3oV~NvJzm~~VymZcWeJqVaORpwfmSB4etrCEFxqhitYDLK6iNgO84bMjys-WrmXx6~ZumxNhKQ875HkC2JR4A2OIpdz5lO9LuSNLMm4aNXAKIjLQbosgO411UfWQjbfRPJLa9e77NC1Ri7quk8-EhIP1QId35OoHZRLm87ZripLv9UG5DS4tTGjglCok5QQ9smh1J-EFPfbKVu1cVX5VYCK-vvVg~TrDlSGYINGospzlhSj4uWnw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"ÁRPÁD_KORI_TELEPÜLÉSRÉSZLET_CSÍKSOMLYÓN","translated_slug":"","page_count":18,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":38102853,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38102853/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_CsSzME_2014_Somlyo_Arpad-kori_telepules.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38102853/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"ARPAD_KORI_TELEPULESRESZLET_CSIKSOMLYON.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38102853/Botar_CsSzME_2014_Somlyo_Arpad-kori_telepules-libre.pdf?1436167590=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DARPAD_KORI_TELEPULESRESZLET_CSIKSOMLYON.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174703\u0026Signature=HTBbZ9JonpzRaMr9ANlegdlb3Tvs7-9iiE6SNAn-8uV5LcqbdXz5jwCH9eNpFZynQMPjmduyjHFWOl3hJc8~eQcx5YPtIQKflS3oV~NvJzm~~VymZcWeJqVaORpwfmSB4etrCEFxqhitYDLK6iNgO84bMjys-WrmXx6~ZumxNhKQ875HkC2JR4A2OIpdz5lO9LuSNLMm4aNXAKIjLQbosgO411UfWQjbfRPJLa9e77NC1Ri7quk8-EhIP1QId35OoHZRLm87ZripLv9UG5DS4tTGjglCok5QQ9smh1J-EFPfbKVu1cVX5VYCK-vvVg~TrDlSGYINGospzlhSj4uWnw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="7807160"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/7807160/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_ker%C3%A1mialeletek_a_Cs%C3%ADki_Sz%C3%A9kely_M%C3%BAzeum_gy%C5%B1jtem%C3%A9ny%C3%A9ben"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Árpád-kori kerámialeletek a Csíki Székely Múzeum gyűjteményében" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34312340/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/7807160/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_ker%C3%A1mialeletek_a_Cs%C3%ADki_Sz%C3%A9kely_M%C3%BAzeum_gy%C5%B1jtem%C3%A9ny%C3%A9ben">Árpád-kori kerámialeletek a Csíki Székely Múzeum gyűjteményében</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Acta (Siculica) 1999 (2000). Sepsiszentgyörgy - Sf. Gheorghe, 247-272.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f2baa5cf08ee45bd449d838e4b3c564" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":34312340,"asset_id":7807160,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34312340/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="7807160"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7807160"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7807160; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7807160]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7807160]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7807160; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='7807160']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7807160, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8f2baa5cf08ee45bd449d838e4b3c564" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=7807160]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":7807160,"title":"Árpád-kori kerámialeletek a Csíki Székely Múzeum gyűjteményében","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_name":"Acta (Siculica) 1999 (2000). 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Gheorghe, 247-272."},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7807160/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_ker%C3%A1mialeletek_a_Cs%C3%ADki_Sz%C3%A9kely_M%C3%BAzeum_gy%C5%B1jtem%C3%A9ny%C3%A9ben","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-07-28T23:04:46.060-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34312340,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34312340/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Acta_2000.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34312340/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Arpad_kori_keramialeletek_a_Csiki_Szekel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34312340/Acta_2000-libre.pdf?1406613853=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArpad_kori_keramialeletek_a_Csiki_Szekel.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=gZ-SLIfeEt5m6FETQC--JEpQoWnU71wYIpjj~uyZO342z5bvvT78ja7SYDUz9flxWN3FQXkJzaKL71BxTIff-xEmKm2iQGYftKJh~aVcHaxNsSt3N3ltD4U8PO6NEyAON5kQj9YvojIWd71qkrQhgJgFWlRbCSMXuVkTvOs0I54hV61zitANfmv1tLrzuN3mwrabjvxCLyBgBcwGdEDeh-kOZcDj2krV7ZL11ZRx08BwN0JyPdTMHqJ9Zeg2xOCOqHlYpxyIF6QW5VU2SFXd3JaEpFVtTtFD0RYvjyxnf3WYTilP2qs8Ii-lzzT70KoYmw-B3lGGs~OHFkNlcaDcRw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Árpád_kori_kerámialeletek_a_Csíki_Székely_Múzeum_gyűjteményében","translated_slug":"","page_count":27,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":34312340,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/34312340/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Acta_2000.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34312340/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Arpad_kori_keramialeletek_a_Csiki_Szekel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/34312340/Acta_2000-libre.pdf?1406613853=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DArpad_kori_keramialeletek_a_Csiki_Szekel.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=gZ-SLIfeEt5m6FETQC--JEpQoWnU71wYIpjj~uyZO342z5bvvT78ja7SYDUz9flxWN3FQXkJzaKL71BxTIff-xEmKm2iQGYftKJh~aVcHaxNsSt3N3ltD4U8PO6NEyAON5kQj9YvojIWd71qkrQhgJgFWlRbCSMXuVkTvOs0I54hV61zitANfmv1tLrzuN3mwrabjvxCLyBgBcwGdEDeh-kOZcDj2krV7ZL11ZRx08BwN0JyPdTMHqJ9Zeg2xOCOqHlYpxyIF6QW5VU2SFXd3JaEpFVtTtFD0RYvjyxnf3WYTilP2qs8Ii-lzzT70KoYmw-B3lGGs~OHFkNlcaDcRw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2213,"name":"Pottery (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_"},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="18443786" id="castles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108918602"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108918602/R%C3%A9gi_utakon_Sz%C3%A9kelyf%C3%B6ld_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_hegyi_v%C3%A1raihoz_Old_routes_and_castles_in_Eastern_Carpathians_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Régi utakon Székelyföld Árpád-kori hegyi váraihoz (Old routes and castles in Eastern Carpathians)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107183124/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108918602/R%C3%A9gi_utakon_Sz%C3%A9kelyf%C3%B6ld_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_hegyi_v%C3%A1raihoz_Old_routes_and_castles_in_Eastern_Carpathians_">Régi utakon Székelyföld Árpád-kori hegyi váraihoz (Old routes and castles in Eastern Carpathians)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archaeologiai Értesítő</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The determination of functions and historical evaluation of the castles on the eastern, mountaino...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The determination of functions and historical evaluation of the castles on the eastern, mountainous border region of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary is a complex task. There are no contemporary written sources from the period of the building and use of these castles, and archaeological excavations are also rather limited, without any dating finds from several castles. <br />Formally, two groups of castles seem to be outlined: the simple walled hill forts and the castles, often with towers mostly located near settlements. These are lately defined as <br />castles of local elites. In the absence of data, the more mysterious, simple mountain castles on both sides of the Harghita Mountains (Eastern Carpathians) were  considered by older literature to be 11th–12th-century border castles along old roads <br />(Racu-Pogányvár, Praid-Rabsóné, Varșag-Tartód castle, Ciceu- Csicsói castle). The archaeological finds from older and recent excavations have not confirmed this early date, and it seems that most of these castles were built and used in the 13th century. However, in recent decades, it has become almost an exclusive opinion, that these castles, situated on hardly accessible hilltops far from the settlements, were the communal defensive strongholds of the local population or, in other cases, the refuge of local elites, even if no such evidence has been found. Although no topographical comparison of the castles and the old roads has been made, “hidden” has become a constant marker of these mountain castles. A further important point also remains unanswered: What could be the reason that all these “hidden, inaccessible forts” have a prehistoric origin? What is the explanation for the fact that castles were built on the same mountains in different periods despite the different demographic, military, and <br />geopolitical contexts? <br />During the excavation in 2021 of the Pogány Castle in Racu, the author discovered abandoned deep roads in the area around the castle. Researching the traces and chronology of the roads, and verifying old maps, place names, and written records, more and more evidence came to light suggesting that in earlier centuries several routes crossed the Harghita that have been completely forgotten to the present <br />times. <br />These old roads followed the ridges sometimes till very high levels, avoided, if possible, crossing the valleys, and only ran along the lower parts of the streams, as opposed to the modern roads that cross valleys regularly. The reconstruction of the old roads and the topographical comparison of the most important archaeological sites in the mountain area revealed close correlations. Previously the localization of some prehistoric castles, Roman watch towers and castellums, ramparts of the Migration Period, castles of the Árpád period, and the isolated medieval chapels was hard to interpret. From the perspective of old roads, the localizations suddenly made sense: they are clear indicators and dating proofs for the existence of mountain paths. <br />One can say that these field objects of different ages are the secondary ‘consequences’ of transport corridors used since prehistoric times. According to this model, the prehistoric and medieval castles and Roman monuments were built along these corridors, precisely to control them, as were more of the migration-era (!) ramparts that crossed the roads. <br />In this light, the medieval forts in the area cannot have been ‘hidden defensive castles’, and their historical value is therefore much greater. The castles under study are evidence of the organized control of the eastern passages by the Kingdom of Hungary’s eastern border region defense system in the 13th century. <br />The archaeological sites and objects of different ages attest not only to the antiquity and the ‘continuous’ use of the roads but also to their trans-local character. These roads are not only transport channels between the valleys of the Olt and the Târnava rivers but more importantly direct witnesses, intermediate elements of a larger millennial traffic between Transylvania and Moldavia. <br />Identifying and researching these forgotten roads can have a major impact on the settlement history of more periods in the mountain (border) region of the Eastern <br />Carpathians.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="94a1b3bd67b51ea675ea5d088533b6cc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107183124,"asset_id":108918602,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107183124/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108918602"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108918602"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108918602; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108918602]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108918602]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108918602; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108918602']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 108918602, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "94a1b3bd67b51ea675ea5d088533b6cc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108918602]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108918602,"title":"Régi utakon Székelyföld Árpád-kori hegyi váraihoz (Old routes and castles in Eastern Carpathians)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1556/0208.2023.00050","abstract":"The determination of functions and historical evaluation of the castles on the eastern, mountainous border region of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary is a complex task. There are no contemporary written sources from the period of the building and use of these castles, and archaeological excavations are also rather limited, without any dating finds from several castles.\r\nFormally, two groups of castles seem to be outlined: the simple walled hill forts and the castles, often with towers mostly located near settlements. These are lately defined as\r\ncastles of local elites. In the absence of data, the more mysterious, simple mountain castles on both sides of the Harghita Mountains (Eastern Carpathians) were considered by older literature to be 11th–12th-century border castles along old roads\r\n(Racu-Pogányvár, Praid-Rabsóné, V\u0002arșag-Tartód castle, Ciceu- Csicsói castle). The archaeological finds from older and recent excavations have not confirmed this early date, and it seems that most of these castles were built and used in the 13th century. However, in recent decades, it has become almost an exclusive opinion, that these castles, situated on hardly accessible hilltops far from the settlements, were the communal defensive strongholds of the local population or, in other cases, the refuge of local elites, even if no such evidence has been found. Although no topographical comparison of the castles and the old roads has been made, “hidden” has become a constant marker of these mountain castles. A further important point also remains unanswered: What could be the reason that all these “hidden, inaccessible forts” have a prehistoric origin? What is the explanation for the fact that castles were built on the same mountains in different periods despite the different demographic, military, and\r\ngeopolitical contexts?\r\nDuring the excavation in 2021 of the Pogány Castle in Racu, the author discovered abandoned deep roads in the area around the castle. Researching the traces and chronology of the roads, and verifying old maps, place names, and written records, more and more evidence came to light suggesting that in earlier centuries several routes crossed the Harghita that have been completely forgotten to the present\r\ntimes.\r\nThese old roads followed the ridges sometimes till very high levels, avoided, if possible, crossing the valleys, and only ran along the lower parts of the streams, as opposed to the modern roads that cross valleys regularly. The reconstruction of the old roads and the topographical comparison of the most important archaeological sites in the mountain area revealed close correlations. Previously the localization of some prehistoric castles, Roman watch towers and castellums, ramparts of the Migration Period, castles of the Árpád period, and the isolated medieval chapels was hard to interpret. From the perspective of old roads, the localizations suddenly made sense: they are clear indicators and dating proofs for the existence of mountain paths.\r\nOne can say that these field objects of different ages are the secondary ‘consequences’ of transport corridors used since prehistoric times. According to this model, the prehistoric and medieval castles and Roman monuments were built along these corridors, precisely to control them, as were more of the migration-era (!) ramparts that crossed the roads.\r\nIn this light, the medieval forts in the area cannot have been ‘hidden defensive castles’, and their historical value is therefore much greater. The castles under study are evidence of the organized control of the eastern passages by the Kingdom of Hungary’s eastern border region defense system in the 13th century.\r\nThe archaeological sites and objects of different ages attest not only to the antiquity and the ‘continuous’ use of the roads but also to their trans-local character. These roads are not only transport channels between the valleys of the Olt and the Târnava rivers but more importantly direct witnesses, intermediate elements of a larger millennial traffic between Transylvania and Moldavia.\r\nIdentifying and researching these forgotten roads can have a major impact on the settlement history of more periods in the mountain (border) region of the Eastern\r\nCarpathians.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Archaeologiai Értesítő"},"translated_abstract":"The determination of functions and historical evaluation of the castles on the eastern, mountainous border region of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary is a complex task. There are no contemporary written sources from the period of the building and use of these castles, and archaeological excavations are also rather limited, without any dating finds from several castles.\r\nFormally, two groups of castles seem to be outlined: the simple walled hill forts and the castles, often with towers mostly located near settlements. These are lately defined as\r\ncastles of local elites. In the absence of data, the more mysterious, simple mountain castles on both sides of the Harghita Mountains (Eastern Carpathians) were considered by older literature to be 11th–12th-century border castles along old roads\r\n(Racu-Pogányvár, Praid-Rabsóné, V\u0002arșag-Tartód castle, Ciceu- Csicsói castle). The archaeological finds from older and recent excavations have not confirmed this early date, and it seems that most of these castles were built and used in the 13th century. However, in recent decades, it has become almost an exclusive opinion, that these castles, situated on hardly accessible hilltops far from the settlements, were the communal defensive strongholds of the local population or, in other cases, the refuge of local elites, even if no such evidence has been found. Although no topographical comparison of the castles and the old roads has been made, “hidden” has become a constant marker of these mountain castles. A further important point also remains unanswered: What could be the reason that all these “hidden, inaccessible forts” have a prehistoric origin? What is the explanation for the fact that castles were built on the same mountains in different periods despite the different demographic, military, and\r\ngeopolitical contexts?\r\nDuring the excavation in 2021 of the Pogány Castle in Racu, the author discovered abandoned deep roads in the area around the castle. Researching the traces and chronology of the roads, and verifying old maps, place names, and written records, more and more evidence came to light suggesting that in earlier centuries several routes crossed the Harghita that have been completely forgotten to the present\r\ntimes.\r\nThese old roads followed the ridges sometimes till very high levels, avoided, if possible, crossing the valleys, and only ran along the lower parts of the streams, as opposed to the modern roads that cross valleys regularly. The reconstruction of the old roads and the topographical comparison of the most important archaeological sites in the mountain area revealed close correlations. Previously the localization of some prehistoric castles, Roman watch towers and castellums, ramparts of the Migration Period, castles of the Árpád period, and the isolated medieval chapels was hard to interpret. From the perspective of old roads, the localizations suddenly made sense: they are clear indicators and dating proofs for the existence of mountain paths.\r\nOne can say that these field objects of different ages are the secondary ‘consequences’ of transport corridors used since prehistoric times. According to this model, the prehistoric and medieval castles and Roman monuments were built along these corridors, precisely to control them, as were more of the migration-era (!) ramparts that crossed the roads.\r\nIn this light, the medieval forts in the area cannot have been ‘hidden defensive castles’, and their historical value is therefore much greater. The castles under study are evidence of the organized control of the eastern passages by the Kingdom of Hungary’s eastern border region defense system in the 13th century.\r\nThe archaeological sites and objects of different ages attest not only to the antiquity and the ‘continuous’ use of the roads but also to their trans-local character. These roads are not only transport channels between the valleys of the Olt and the Târnava rivers but more importantly direct witnesses, intermediate elements of a larger millennial traffic between Transylvania and Moldavia.\r\nIdentifying and researching these forgotten roads can have a major impact on the settlement history of more periods in the mountain (border) region of the Eastern\r\nCarpathians.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108918602/R%C3%A9gi_utakon_Sz%C3%A9kelyf%C3%B6ld_%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_kori_hegyi_v%C3%A1raihoz_Old_routes_and_castles_in_Eastern_Carpathians_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-11-06T02:29:34.360-08:00","section":"castles","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":107183124,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107183124/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_2023_ArchErt_Utak_varak.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107183124/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Regi_utakon_Szekelyfold_Arpad_kori_hegyi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107183124/Botar_2023_ArchErt_Utak_varak-libre.pdf?1699266894=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRegi_utakon_Szekelyfold_Arpad_kori_hegyi.pdf\u0026Expires=1733136725\u0026Signature=TUgPsx7Lf-V549vePxImy8~UniEuav1yH0xaGc6xEY~VFK492FGV2sjahM-XwMTDXDnV-7QyiFCZhxErqQtU8z2EKlRl8uxNVV2z-JECxIzEsGc-VluNbtsJgb2KXpKx7uf20yJevISxuhyHJcN5lNF8A~s8cklHB4TDsrP6aXvllSofbPyZsGJtsfzf8hAu35cVMnubez83aWUHgDqFxl4PcWj2bWcNWaiwMXSzyZRbxbaew~W0oAHrbW9IXGNjJPFxGLM8G7cN~e3EhJu9B--6ldv9PzAccoMJnh~h-YPf-eNFMTxcFyiIbimZHrsuSB5GoQymIEKQdHbeenUpOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Régi_utakon_Székelyföld_Árpád_kori_hegyi_váraihoz_Old_routes_and_castles_in_Eastern_Carpathians_","translated_slug":"","page_count":19,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":107183124,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107183124/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_2023_ArchErt_Utak_varak.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107183124/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Regi_utakon_Szekelyfold_Arpad_kori_hegyi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/107183124/Botar_2023_ArchErt_Utak_varak-libre.pdf?1699266894=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRegi_utakon_Szekelyfold_Arpad_kori_hegyi.pdf\u0026Expires=1733136725\u0026Signature=TUgPsx7Lf-V549vePxImy8~UniEuav1yH0xaGc6xEY~VFK492FGV2sjahM-XwMTDXDnV-7QyiFCZhxErqQtU8z2EKlRl8uxNVV2z-JECxIzEsGc-VluNbtsJgb2KXpKx7uf20yJevISxuhyHJcN5lNF8A~s8cklHB4TDsrP6aXvllSofbPyZsGJtsfzf8hAu35cVMnubez83aWUHgDqFxl4PcWj2bWcNWaiwMXSzyZRbxbaew~W0oAHrbW9IXGNjJPFxGLM8G7cN~e3EhJu9B--6ldv9PzAccoMJnh~h-YPf-eNFMTxcFyiIbimZHrsuSB5GoQymIEKQdHbeenUpOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":111519,"name":"Roman Limes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Limes"},{"id":130809,"name":"Place Names","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Place_Names"},{"id":187423,"name":"Medieval castles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_castles"},{"id":261331,"name":"Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_Of_The_Migration_Period_And_The_Early_Middle_Ages"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"},{"id":599775,"name":"Medieval communication routes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_communication_routes"},{"id":648975,"name":"Trade Routes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade_Routes"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105713408"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105713408/A_cs%C3%ADkcsics%C3%B3i_v%C3%A1r_%C3%A9s_ami_m%C3%B6g%C3%B6tte_van"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A csíkcsicsói vár és ami mögötte van" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105103921/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105713408/A_cs%C3%ADkcsics%C3%B3i_v%C3%A1r_%C3%A9s_ami_m%C3%B6g%C3%B6tte_van">A csíkcsicsói vár és ami mögötte van</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Patina</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A short (and first) introduction into the "hidden mountain castles" of Eastern Transylvania - and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A short (and first) introduction into the "hidden mountain castles" of Eastern Transylvania - and forgotten roads. No, these simple fortifications were not hidden, they were built near roads that crossed the Carpathians. In this meaning the castles mark and prove the defense sistem of the Hungarian Kingdom at the Eastern Borders.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7a43debe7cca7c5031d2e5c52a47e395" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105103921,"asset_id":105713408,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105103921/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105713408"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105713408"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105713408; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105713408]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105713408]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105713408; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105713408']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 105713408, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7a43debe7cca7c5031d2e5c52a47e395" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105713408]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105713408,"title":"A csíkcsicsói vár és ami mögötte van","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A short (and first) introduction into the \"hidden mountain castles\" of Eastern Transylvania - and forgotten roads. No, these simple fortifications were not hidden, they were built near roads that crossed the Carpathians. In this meaning the castles mark and prove the defense sistem of the Hungarian Kingdom at the Eastern Borders.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Patina"},"translated_abstract":"A short (and first) introduction into the \"hidden mountain castles\" of Eastern Transylvania - and forgotten roads. No, these simple fortifications were not hidden, they were built near roads that crossed the Carpathians. 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Clopotnițe medievale și moderne în depresiunea Ciucului." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108101429/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110216667/Campanile_seu_turris_Clopotni%C8%9Be_medievale_%C8%99i_moderne_%C3%AEn_depresiunea_Ciucului">Campanile seu turris. Clopotnițe medievale și moderne în depresiunea Ciucului.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transsyvania Nostra</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As bell ringing was an important element of mediaeval liturgy, wooden belfries and later stone be...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As bell ringing was an important element of mediaeval liturgy, wooden belfries and later stone bell towers were erected next to village parish churches. For a long time, it was believed that on the territory of the Ciuc<br />Deanery, located at the eastern border of the Transylvanian Bishopric, a series of stone bell towers were built next to churches in the 15th and 16th centuries. Following the research of recent years, however, it became clear that this question cannot be explained by a single “construction wave”. Archaeological excavations and dendrochronological studies proved that certain stone towers started to be erected earlier, already in the 13th-14th centuries, other mediaeval towers, which were not known earlier, have been identified, but at the same time, it became evident that a significant part of the towers considered to date from the late Gothic period were built later, in the 17th and 18th centuries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fc26f9cd81c07f582d9e619fc900c204" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108101429,"asset_id":110216667,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108101429/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110216667"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110216667"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110216667; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110216667]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110216667]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110216667; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110216667']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110216667, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fc26f9cd81c07f582d9e619fc900c204" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110216667]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110216667,"title":"Campanile seu turris. Clopotnițe medievale și moderne în depresiunea Ciucului.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"As bell ringing was an important element of mediaeval liturgy, wooden belfries and later stone bell towers were erected next to village parish churches. For a long time, it was believed that on the territory of the Ciuc\nDeanery, located at the eastern border of the Transylvanian Bishopric, a series of stone bell towers were built next to churches in the 15th and 16th centuries. Following the research of recent years, however, it became clear that this question cannot be explained by a single “construction wave”. Archaeological excavations and dendrochronological studies proved that certain stone towers started to be erected earlier, already in the 13th-14th centuries, other mediaeval towers, which were not known earlier, have been identified, but at the same time, it became evident that a significant part of the towers considered to date from the late Gothic period were built later, in the 17th and 18th centuries.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Transsyvania Nostra"},"translated_abstract":"As bell ringing was an important element of mediaeval liturgy, wooden belfries and later stone bell towers were erected next to village parish churches. For a long time, it was believed that on the territory of the Ciuc\nDeanery, located at the eastern border of the Transylvanian Bishopric, a series of stone bell towers were built next to churches in the 15th and 16th centuries. 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Archaeological excavations and dendrochronological studies proved that certain stone towers started to be erected earlier, already in the 13th-14th centuries, other mediaeval towers, which were not known earlier, have been identified, but at the same time, it became evident that a significant part of the towers considered to date from the late Gothic period were built later, in the 17th and 18th centuries.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110216667/Campanile_seu_turris_Clopotni%C8%9Be_medievale_%C8%99i_moderne_%C3%AEn_depresiunea_Ciucului","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-11-30T08:15:28.767-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108101429,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108101429/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_tornyok_transsylvania_nostra_2022_1_17_30.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108101429/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Campanile_seu_turris_Clopotnie_medieval.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108101429/Botar_tornyok_transsylvania_nostra_2022_1_17_30-libre.pdf?1701361153=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCampanile_seu_turris_Clopotnie_medieval.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=E1oFoGJb0p80fFs1fpb-axXRFTj2NcIrLM~aPdVdrR50fxW4MxPUU~2hxIPTDPvWcBjMFQIQjIm2juNdor0U3F5jRwhESP-lp1PKjXMd6vcVMx0FGHwF-PX9nSVxkctob5ja9AtnysrOTBRVOhCRMaTCpHWuW9F4vZVz9cseEkEpN6E-HY-nJDWZSaLD4lvqUVdY-zAydYH~C3GhOwMfTW8fHI9pVNh6Ap1XEtD2nk1rGsw2rouwRtcvrFvvrTPkdP49TR5lB-FpJRdIObuQfqSm5~u2bSiZFqmBqRg9V~N7TLORg2zL-nEPsdAJO~MkiISL36eoDg80E8sQtcT9Yg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Campanile_seu_turris_Clopotnițe_medievale_și_moderne_în_depresiunea_Ciucului","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":108101429,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108101429/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_tornyok_transsylvania_nostra_2022_1_17_30.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108101429/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Campanile_seu_turris_Clopotnie_medieval.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108101429/Botar_tornyok_transsylvania_nostra_2022_1_17_30-libre.pdf?1701361153=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCampanile_seu_turris_Clopotnie_medieval.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=E1oFoGJb0p80fFs1fpb-axXRFTj2NcIrLM~aPdVdrR50fxW4MxPUU~2hxIPTDPvWcBjMFQIQjIm2juNdor0U3F5jRwhESP-lp1PKjXMd6vcVMx0FGHwF-PX9nSVxkctob5ja9AtnysrOTBRVOhCRMaTCpHWuW9F4vZVz9cseEkEpN6E-HY-nJDWZSaLD4lvqUVdY-zAydYH~C3GhOwMfTW8fHI9pVNh6Ap1XEtD2nk1rGsw2rouwRtcvrFvvrTPkdP49TR5lB-FpJRdIObuQfqSm5~u2bSiZFqmBqRg9V~N7TLORg2zL-nEPsdAJO~MkiISL36eoDg80E8sQtcT9Yg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":9117,"name":"Dendrochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendrochronology"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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The archaeological research revealed the ruins inside the present church under the floor and identified five building periods of the old church between 12 th century and 17 th century. The researched area is placed in the northwestern part of the actual church, the examination of the other parts was not possible.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve 2007-2008.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":30547583},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2532450/A_CS%C3%8DKSOMLY%C3%93I_SZENT_P%C3%89TER_%C3%89S_P%C3%81L_PL%C3%89B%C3%81NIATEMPLOM_R%C3%89G%C3%89SZETI_KUTAT%C3%81SA_2002_2005_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-02-07T14:19:06.688-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30547583,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30547583/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_CSzME_2007-2008_Csiksomlyo.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30547583/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_CSIKSOMLYOI_SZENT_PETER_ES_PAL_PLEBANI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30547583/Botar_CSzME_2007-2008_Csiksomlyo-libre.pdf?1393879143=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_CSIKSOMLYOI_SZENT_PETER_ES_PAL_PLEBANI.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=PQVpapdoVKdSK~NwWSwNxqEnxN19D-j~W9-rNrQxO7EcDfNTLQ-DofunK8IKp7iE0Lq5rOZnjn2ww9OBNqUzJJi0RhF~JaYjq72e2Kv8s5M6M20uIesMkJoE8zB6WxtIwZ5XICK7G4pVwhk3MDMec-NUQluukztNQ9gLJ8U~A~K8Y4Dz-98dr7qtkW1B5kmmra1QE3EmM8eYt4rMw6JUM4DmSPkKXMZosFTYyzFItdC0y5sR9EStG9l4udMFYgT8Rh61JCNDIZ3yrGJPfQcuko2aflNHI6RpHVoPBK-mDx4pwvd3UknjzQ7A84TVc7p6SmHSMrAThy2HNpfcXQzF6A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_CSÍKSOMLYÓI_SZENT_PÉTER_ÉS_PÁL_PLÉBÁNIATEMPLOM_RÉGÉSZETI_KUTATÁSA_2002_2005_","translated_slug":"","page_count":58,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":30547583,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30547583/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_CSzME_2007-2008_Csiksomlyo.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30547583/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_CSIKSOMLYOI_SZENT_PETER_ES_PAL_PLEBANI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30547583/Botar_CSzME_2007-2008_Csiksomlyo-libre.pdf?1393879143=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_CSIKSOMLYOI_SZENT_PETER_ES_PAL_PLEBANI.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=PQVpapdoVKdSK~NwWSwNxqEnxN19D-j~W9-rNrQxO7EcDfNTLQ-DofunK8IKp7iE0Lq5rOZnjn2ww9OBNqUzJJi0RhF~JaYjq72e2Kv8s5M6M20uIesMkJoE8zB6WxtIwZ5XICK7G4pVwhk3MDMec-NUQluukztNQ9gLJ8U~A~K8Y4Dz-98dr7qtkW1B5kmmra1QE3EmM8eYt4rMw6JUM4DmSPkKXMZosFTYyzFItdC0y5sR9EStG9l4udMFYgT8Rh61JCNDIZ3yrGJPfQcuko2aflNHI6RpHVoPBK-mDx4pwvd3UknjzQ7A84TVc7p6SmHSMrAThy2HNpfcXQzF6A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7617,"name":"Medieval Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Church_History"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":18922,"name":"Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transylvania"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4443975"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4443975/K%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_k%C3%A1poln%C3%A1k_Cs%C3%ADkban"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Középkori kápolnák Csíkban." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31858094/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4443975/K%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_k%C3%A1poln%C3%A1k_Cs%C3%ADkban">Középkori kápolnák Csíkban.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Dolgozatok az Erdélyi Múzeum Érem és Régiségtárából. Ú.s. IV. 2013. 157-169.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The study presents the medieval chapels of Csík-seat (East-Transylvania, Romania). The chapels we...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The study presents the medieval chapels of Csík-seat (East-Transylvania, Romania). The chapels were important elements in the ecclesiastical organisation and religious life of the Medieval <br />Ages. There are no local historic records about the builders and building circumstances of these chapels, they first appeared in the 17th century and later sources. The later interventions often changed the shape of these buildings and, at the same time, very little research was made regarding their building history. This is the reason why chapels got very slight interest in the historiography. Based on Transylvanian written sources chapels started to spread in the 14th century in this region, while the founders belonged to the upper level of the society. We presume that the same process should happened also in Székely Land even if there are no records about it. <br />Some of the chapels in Csík have archaic plans, dimensions, like the earliest ones, so at least some of them should be dated in the 14th century. In one case this period is definitely confirmed by <br />wall paintings, in other cases only late medieval existence was proved. These are small buildings with polygonal sanctuary without buttresses, and equal nave-sanctuary width. They all are located outside the villages with parish churches, the actually surrounding cemeteries were formed only after the 18th <br />century. The second group of the chapels is situated inside of filia status settlements. Their topographical situation and church-like shape reveals the building motivation and function. They were <br />used for local masses because of the distance from the parish church. As a natural development most of them became independent parish church later in the 18–19th century.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2572a6b173a019fbc0ec63ea4a12b591" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":31858094,"asset_id":4443975,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31858094/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="4443975"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4443975"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4443975; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4443975]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4443975]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4443975; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='4443975']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4443975, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2572a6b173a019fbc0ec63ea4a12b591" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=4443975]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":4443975,"title":"Középkori kápolnák Csíkban.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The study presents the medieval chapels of Csík-seat (East-Transylvania, Romania). The chapels were important elements in the ecclesiastical organisation and religious life of the Medieval\r\nAges. There are no local historic records about the builders and building circumstances of these chapels, they first appeared in the 17th century and later sources. The later interventions often changed the shape of these buildings and, at the same time, very little research was made regarding their building history. This is the reason why chapels got very slight interest in the historiography. Based on Transylvanian written sources chapels started to spread in the 14th century in this region, while the founders belonged to the upper level of the society. We presume that the same process should happened also in Székely Land even if there are no records about it.\r\nSome of the chapels in Csík have archaic plans, dimensions, like the earliest ones, so at least some of them should be dated in the 14th century. In one case this period is definitely confirmed by\r\nwall paintings, in other cases only late medieval existence was proved. These are small buildings with polygonal sanctuary without buttresses, and equal nave-sanctuary width. They all are located outside the villages with parish churches, the actually surrounding cemeteries were formed only after the 18th\r\ncentury. The second group of the chapels is situated inside of filia status settlements. Their topographical situation and church-like shape reveals the building motivation and function. They were\r\nused for local masses because of the distance from the parish church. As a natural development most of them became independent parish church later in the 18–19th century.","publication_name":"Dolgozatok az Erdélyi Múzeum Érem és Régiségtárából. Ú.s. IV. 2013. 157-169."},"translated_abstract":"The study presents the medieval chapels of Csík-seat (East-Transylvania, Romania). The chapels were important elements in the ecclesiastical organisation and religious life of the Medieval\r\nAges. There are no local historic records about the builders and building circumstances of these chapels, they first appeared in the 17th century and later sources. The later interventions often changed the shape of these buildings and, at the same time, very little research was made regarding their building history. This is the reason why chapels got very slight interest in the historiography. Based on Transylvanian written sources chapels started to spread in the 14th century in this region, while the founders belonged to the upper level of the society. We presume that the same process should happened also in Székely Land even if there are no records about it.\r\nSome of the chapels in Csík have archaic plans, dimensions, like the earliest ones, so at least some of them should be dated in the 14th century. In one case this period is definitely confirmed by\r\nwall paintings, in other cases only late medieval existence was proved. These are small buildings with polygonal sanctuary without buttresses, and equal nave-sanctuary width. They all are located outside the villages with parish churches, the actually surrounding cemeteries were formed only after the 18th\r\ncentury. The second group of the chapels is situated inside of filia status settlements. Their topographical situation and church-like shape reveals the building motivation and function. They were\r\nused for local masses because of the distance from the parish church. As a natural development most of them became independent parish church later in the 18–19th century.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4443975/K%C3%B6z%C3%A9pkori_k%C3%A1poln%C3%A1k_Cs%C3%ADkban","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-09-09T06:20:47.889-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31858094,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31858094/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"8._Botar_Istvan.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31858094/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Kozepkori_kapolnak_Csikban.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/31858094/8._Botar_Istvan-libre.pdf?1392465513=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKozepkori_kapolnak_Csikban.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=K4XHerbzVhjDyyangB-8EGwJeTibeld3JS7ZpgakTeda7QV4MGPQFS7a9Kil2aZNSdVLFsgGwzPe8ik3Qh9vtAY3GPw3pvR96FcvzaJt4lkI1VS4SeSBm8Ksaddbi84gsODYV2WVJhuaGaKNuS0qxACIfU9EZ4cF7IfxSx~mtsXv7FiMqzcX2DKj9l-ohwo5~s9EopY-iKuepMjS1cLkUCtdC3O1H0HRHX22ldi3wVL1bww2xkdiV1wDmXXvyft-nQsXOq3pSOPZoKdUQP2pA1~ejy8nilA36R-psSF7ErmLeCqd6aUFzfoy9uiq146u0nmsFzubK5kkKa2LBgV~jQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Középkori_kápolnák_Csíkban","translated_slug":"","page_count":24,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":31858094,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31858094/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"8._Botar_Istvan.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31858094/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Kozepkori_kapolnak_Csikban.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/31858094/8._Botar_Istvan-libre.pdf?1392465513=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKozepkori_kapolnak_Csikban.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=K4XHerbzVhjDyyangB-8EGwJeTibeld3JS7ZpgakTeda7QV4MGPQFS7a9Kil2aZNSdVLFsgGwzPe8ik3Qh9vtAY3GPw3pvR96FcvzaJt4lkI1VS4SeSBm8Ksaddbi84gsODYV2WVJhuaGaKNuS0qxACIfU9EZ4cF7IfxSx~mtsXv7FiMqzcX2DKj9l-ohwo5~s9EopY-iKuepMjS1cLkUCtdC3O1H0HRHX22ldi3wVL1bww2xkdiV1wDmXXvyft-nQsXOq3pSOPZoKdUQP2pA1~ejy8nilA36R-psSF7ErmLeCqd6aUFzfoy9uiq146u0nmsFzubK5kkKa2LBgV~jQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":7617,"name":"Medieval Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Church_History"},{"id":14642,"name":"Medieval Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Architecture"},{"id":285692,"name":"Medieval Chapels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Chapels"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45684569"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45684569/A_CS%C3%8DKSZENTTAM%C3%81SI_CSONKATORONY_2002_%C3%89VI_R%C3%89G%C3%89SZETI_KUTAT%C3%81SA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A CSÍKSZENTTAMÁSI CSONKATORONY 2002. ÉVI RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66189072/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45684569/A_CS%C3%8DKSZENTTAM%C3%81SI_CSONKATORONY_2002_%C3%89VI_R%C3%89G%C3%89SZETI_KUTAT%C3%81SA">A CSÍKSZENTTAMÁSI CSONKATORONY 2002. ÉVI RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar">Istvan Botar</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/T%C3%B3thBogl%C3%A1rkaM%C3%A1rta">Tóth Boglárka Márta</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>A CSÍKI SZÉKELY MÚZEUM ÉVKÖNYVE</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[The archeological research of the Csonkatorony of Tomesti in 2002] The study presents the first ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[The archeological research of the Csonkatorony of Tomesti in 2002] The study presents the first year's results of the archeological excavation in "Csonkatorony" Tome §ti, Harghita County (Romania). The medieval parish church was almost totally destroyed in the 18 ,h century, except the tower and the medieval wooden statue of Madonna. The tabernacle and the bell were transported in the newly built baroque building. The remains were excavated in 2002 and in the researched surfaces a part of the south ship wall and the southern side of the gothic sanctuary were found. The excavation revealed that the building had two major periods. During the first one the ship was 7,8 m long and had a 6,5 m width. The sanctuary was a five metres long and wide semicircular. Written sources and archeological remains date this phase in the 13* century. Approximately in the middle of the 15* century the first sanctuary was demolished, and a new late-gothic one was build being as wide as the old ship. This polygonal sanctuary was arched with stoneribs, having a 10,6 m length. The bell-tower was built in this period on the west side of the ship. The comparing of the carved stones revealed a close relation between the churches of Tomcsti and the neighbouring parish church from Carta. During the research 101 tombs were excavated. Rezumat: [Cercetarea arheologicä a Turnului Ciuntit din Tomeçti-campania din anul 2002)] Lucrarea prezintä rezultatele primei campanii (2002) de cercetäri arheologice efectuate la a §a-numitul Turn Ciuntit din Tomeçti, judetul Harghita. Biserica parohialä medievalä a satului de odinioarä, aflat la nord de actuala localitate Tome §ti a fost aproape complet demolatä în secolul al XVIIÎdea, pästrandu-se pana astäzi doar turnul-clopotnitä gotic de pe fatada vesticä. Clopotul datând din 1495, tabernaculul gotic si o Madonä sculptatä din lemn din altarul medieval au fost mutate în biserica ridicatä în Stil baroc dupä demolarea bisericii médiévale. In cursul säpäturilor au fost trasatc trei sectiuni, dezvelindu-se partial fundatiile laturii sudice a navei sj a corului gotic precum si portiuni ale necropolei din jurul bisericii médiévale. S-a constatât cä biserica medievalä a fost construite în douä faze. Prima bisericä construite la sfârsjtul secolului al XIIIdea avea o navä de dimensiuni exterioare de 7,8 x 6,5 m si o absidä semicircularä sj a rämas în folosntä pana în prima jumätate a secolului al XVdea. Dupä sfârsitul primei treimi a secolului al XVdea, dupä demolarea vechii abside s-a construit un cor poligonal gotic flancat de contraforti, cu o lähme égala cu cea a navei romanice pästrate. Lungimea noului cor era de 10,6 m si avea bolti cu nervuri din piaträ. Formeie acestora prezintä similitudini cu cele de la Carta (jud. Harghita). Dupä mijlocul aceluiasj secol un turn-clopotnitä a fost adósat fatadei vestice. Biserica a fost abandonatä eel târziu la începutul secolului al XVIIIdea. Pe parcursul säpäturii au fost cercetate în total 101 morminte.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b227c3cf81c5a8cd6f57c75678e04186" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66189072,"asset_id":45684569,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66189072/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45684569"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45684569"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45684569; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45684569]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45684569]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45684569; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45684569']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45684569, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b227c3cf81c5a8cd6f57c75678e04186" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45684569]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45684569,"title":"A CSÍKSZENTTAMÁSI CSONKATORONY 2002. ÉVI RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[The archeological research of the Csonkatorony of Tomesti in 2002] The study presents the first year's results of the archeological excavation in \"Csonkatorony\" Tome §ti, Harghita County (Romania). The medieval parish church was almost totally destroyed in the 18 ,h century, except the tower and the medieval wooden statue of Madonna. The tabernacle and the bell were transported in the newly built baroque building. The remains were excavated in 2002 and in the researched surfaces a part of the south ship wall and the southern side of the gothic sanctuary were found. The excavation revealed that the building had two major periods. During the first one the ship was 7,8 m long and had a 6,5 m width. The sanctuary was a five metres long and wide semicircular. Written sources and archeological remains date this phase in the 13* century. Approximately in the middle of the 15* century the first sanctuary was demolished, and a new late-gothic one was build being as wide as the old ship. This polygonal sanctuary was arched with stoneribs, having a 10,6 m length. The bell-tower was built in this period on the west side of the ship. The comparing of the carved stones revealed a close relation between the churches of Tomcsti and the neighbouring parish church from Carta. During the research 101 tombs were excavated. Rezumat: [Cercetarea arheologicä a Turnului Ciuntit din Tomeçti-campania din anul 2002)] Lucrarea prezintä rezultatele primei campanii (2002) de cercetäri arheologice efectuate la a §a-numitul Turn Ciuntit din Tomeçti, judetul Harghita. Biserica parohialä medievalä a satului de odinioarä, aflat la nord de actuala localitate Tome §ti a fost aproape complet demolatä în secolul al XVIIÎdea, pästrandu-se pana astäzi doar turnul-clopotnitä gotic de pe fatada vesticä. Clopotul datând din 1495, tabernaculul gotic si o Madonä sculptatä din lemn din altarul medieval au fost mutate în biserica ridicatä în Stil baroc dupä demolarea bisericii médiévale. In cursul säpäturilor au fost trasatc trei sectiuni, dezvelindu-se partial fundatiile laturii sudice a navei sj a corului gotic precum si portiuni ale necropolei din jurul bisericii médiévale. S-a constatât cä biserica medievalä a fost construite în douä faze. Prima bisericä construite la sfârsjtul secolului al XIIIdea avea o navä de dimensiuni exterioare de 7,8 x 6,5 m si o absidä semicircularä sj a rämas în folosntä pana în prima jumätate a secolului al XVdea. Dupä sfârsitul primei treimi a secolului al XVdea, dupä demolarea vechii abside s-a construit un cor poligonal gotic flancat de contraforti, cu o lähme égala cu cea a navei romanice pästrate. Lungimea noului cor era de 10,6 m si avea bolti cu nervuri din piaträ. Formeie acestora prezintä similitudini cu cele de la Carta (jud. Harghita). Dupä mijlocul aceluiasj secol un turn-clopotnitä a fost adósat fatadei vestice. Biserica a fost abandonatä eel târziu la începutul secolului al XVIIIdea. Pe parcursul säpäturii au fost cercetate în total 101 morminte.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2004,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"A CSÍKI SZÉKELY MÚZEUM ÉVKÖNYVE"},"translated_abstract":"[The archeological research of the Csonkatorony of Tomesti in 2002] The study presents the first year's results of the archeological excavation in \"Csonkatorony\" Tome §ti, Harghita County (Romania). The medieval parish church was almost totally destroyed in the 18 ,h century, except the tower and the medieval wooden statue of Madonna. The tabernacle and the bell were transported in the newly built baroque building. The remains were excavated in 2002 and in the researched surfaces a part of the south ship wall and the southern side of the gothic sanctuary were found. 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Biserica parohialä medievalä a satului de odinioarä, aflat la nord de actuala localitate Tome §ti a fost aproape complet demolatä în secolul al XVIIÎdea, pästrandu-se pana astäzi doar turnul-clopotnitä gotic de pe fatada vesticä. Clopotul datând din 1495, tabernaculul gotic si o Madonä sculptatä din lemn din altarul medieval au fost mutate în biserica ridicatä în Stil baroc dupä demolarea bisericii médiévale. In cursul säpäturilor au fost trasatc trei sectiuni, dezvelindu-se partial fundatiile laturii sudice a navei sj a corului gotic precum si portiuni ale necropolei din jurul bisericii médiévale. S-a constatât cä biserica medievalä a fost construite în douä faze. Prima bisericä construite la sfârsjtul secolului al XIIIdea avea o navä de dimensiuni exterioare de 7,8 x 6,5 m si o absidä semicircularä sj a rämas în folosntä pana în prima jumätate a secolului al XVdea. Dupä sfârsitul primei treimi a secolului al XVdea, dupä demolarea vechii abside s-a construit un cor poligonal gotic flancat de contraforti, cu o lähme égala cu cea a navei romanice pästrate. Lungimea noului cor era de 10,6 m si avea bolti cu nervuri din piaträ. Formeie acestora prezintä similitudini cu cele de la Carta (jud. Harghita). Dupä mijlocul aceluiasj secol un turn-clopotnitä a fost adósat fatadei vestice. Biserica a fost abandonatä eel târziu la începutul secolului al XVIIIdea. 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ÖRÖKSÉGVÉDELEM ERDÉLYBEN. ELTE BTK Mővészettörténet Intézeti Képviselet Budapest 2009., 62-67.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The article presents the main results of the archaeological excavations of the medieval church of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The article presents the main results of the archaeological excavations of the medieval church of Menaság (Transyalvania, Romania). The village appears in documents only in the 16th century, but thanks to the research two earlier building phases could have been documented. The new data is a important proof that written sources have delay of centuries against archaeological data, which documents the existence of medieval settlements and ecclesiastical organisation even in the hidden valleys since the 13th century.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="60b91e350fc27d0188831873c69b5eb8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35369897,"asset_id":9069210,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35369897/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9069210"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9069210"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9069210; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9069210]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9069210]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9069210; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9069210']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9069210, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "60b91e350fc27d0188831873c69b5eb8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9069210]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9069210,"title":"A csíkmenasági templom 2007. évi régészeti kutatása","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The article presents the main results of the archaeological excavations of the medieval church of Menaság (Transyalvania, Romania). 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The new data is a important proof that written sources have delay of centuries against archaeological data, which documents the existence of medieval settlements and ecclesiastical organisation even in the hidden valleys since the 13th century.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9069210/A_cs%C3%ADkmenas%C3%A1gi_templom_2007_%C3%A9vi_r%C3%A9g%C3%A9szeti_kutat%C3%A1sa","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-11-01T18:57:22.761-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35369897,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35369897/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Menasag_Colligite_fragmenta_2009.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35369897/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_csikmenasagi_templom_2007_evi_regeszet.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35369897/Botar_Menasag_Colligite_fragmenta_2009-libre.pdf?1414896534=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_csikmenasagi_templom_2007_evi_regeszet.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174704\u0026Signature=XbPy0Lr7ls8YL8qX7CpxQwTApZRyJND3Y~szp-9Pw8hpnxr4elS3lIersB4x7OwdPrJjUSIiNPx8wL4doJtV61YiSp5-rXR09EeRy6S9-ic2xkdwjcbUMEjlI73XKnMxgvQo3N1dIc66hWiT1g8bzzA6UbU~K4XoPWUf-eTneJHQosgownl56lRRTPuUrYmEPQOxdlzkJZYEd2qvdPUEE7dD1pI-to3pqfBqFRWpX97s0uTIJksIZT1DQOg2pGBucd1W~zCGrSmZmmhg5kA0oQd~~I4-ucpC8Rds4f-RBe9OwWYZ8BD2ReYtTb8oOWEgpmTvdQbzndHnGevukOOYWA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_csíkmenasági_templom_2007_évi_régészeti_kutatása","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":35369897,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35369897/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_Menasag_Colligite_fragmenta_2009.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35369897/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_csikmenasagi_templom_2007_evi_regeszet.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35369897/Botar_Menasag_Colligite_fragmenta_2009-libre.pdf?1414896534=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_csikmenasagi_templom_2007_evi_regeszet.pdf\u0026Expires=1733174704\u0026Signature=XbPy0Lr7ls8YL8qX7CpxQwTApZRyJND3Y~szp-9Pw8hpnxr4elS3lIersB4x7OwdPrJjUSIiNPx8wL4doJtV61YiSp5-rXR09EeRy6S9-ic2xkdwjcbUMEjlI73XKnMxgvQo3N1dIc66hWiT1g8bzzA6UbU~K4XoPWUf-eTneJHQosgownl56lRRTPuUrYmEPQOxdlzkJZYEd2qvdPUEE7dD1pI-to3pqfBqFRWpX97s0uTIJksIZT1DQOg2pGBucd1W~zCGrSmZmmhg5kA0oQd~~I4-ucpC8Rds4f-RBe9OwWYZ8BD2ReYtTb8oOWEgpmTvdQbzndHnGevukOOYWA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies"},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":296353,"name":"History of Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2532426"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2532426/A_CS%C3%8DKSZENTTAM%C3%81SI_CSONKATORONY_2003_%C3%89VI_R%C3%89G%C3%89SZETI_KUTAT%C3%81SA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A CSÍKSZENTTAMÁSI CSONKATORONY 2003. 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ÉVI RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dad36602a205d32d3da7cbfca23b796c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30547573,"asset_id":2532426,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30547573/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2532426"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2532426"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2532426; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2532426]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2532426]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2532426; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2532426']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2532426, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dad36602a205d32d3da7cbfca23b796c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2532426]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2532426,"title":"A CSÍKSZENTTAMÁSI CSONKATORONY 2003. 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The cemetery wall was very probably build in the same building phase with the sanctuary together with a inside annexed ossarium. in the 16 th century the burying already extended even outside of the cemetery wall. 1 BOTÁR István -TÓTH Boglárka: A csíkszenttamási Csonkatorony 2002. évi régészeti kutatása. =","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":30547573},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2532426/A_CS%C3%8DKSZENTTAM%C3%81SI_CSONKATORONY_2003_%C3%89VI_R%C3%89G%C3%89SZETI_KUTAT%C3%81SA","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-02-07T14:11:34.327-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":274346,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30547573,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30547573/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_CsSzME_2005_Csikszenttamas_Csonkatorony.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30547573/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_CSIKSZENTTAMASI_CSONKATORONY_2003_EVI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30547573/Botar_CsSzME_2005_Csikszenttamas_Csonkatorony-libre.pdf?1391862580=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_CSIKSZENTTAMASI_CSONKATORONY_2003_EVI.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=buxE4BJLF3brFr1shgTAcJX3fbS~bIn-SuDvbScArXEetG4PaWON9sXhT0RqVVkVckFA0ngurwBZzG0KrIpLC0fAcm6~ZFGCAz25NGF7Itz87Ya~QGaicaXHm50wIy1UO2fT4tAhT3vb8hKOfg6tZcEah3gOnmlS4RV1aXLhH7lmcALPBu3qkJLaHQ3ovAYcJk2UODdQMiM4VeZTbdcj-lrDhCS6RXcsyC4hzzHRI4klcWJBRy4UP5JE3oBJEPQo8rD5h2SCjv-ExUld587Lkzn5CEoXiv0I0ihx11mMpRwwK01KUY3Zr2Pdt3UXTKhbAzaRvBQ619YMG4KMIvZvyg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_CSÍKSZENTTAMÁSI_CSONKATORONY_2003_ÉVI_RÉGÉSZETI_KUTATÁSA","translated_slug":"","page_count":18,"language":"hu","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":274346,"first_name":"Istvan","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Botar","page_name":"IstvanBotar","domain_name":"csszm","created_at":"2010-10-31T04:40:49.018-07:00","display_name":"Istvan Botar","url":"https://csszm.academia.edu/IstvanBotar"},"attachments":[{"id":30547573,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30547573/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Botar_CsSzME_2005_Csikszenttamas_Csonkatorony.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30547573/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_CSIKSZENTTAMASI_CSONKATORONY_2003_EVI.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30547573/Botar_CsSzME_2005_Csikszenttamas_Csonkatorony-libre.pdf?1391862580=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_CSIKSZENTTAMASI_CSONKATORONY_2003_EVI.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201390\u0026Signature=buxE4BJLF3brFr1shgTAcJX3fbS~bIn-SuDvbScArXEetG4PaWON9sXhT0RqVVkVckFA0ngurwBZzG0KrIpLC0fAcm6~ZFGCAz25NGF7Itz87Ya~QGaicaXHm50wIy1UO2fT4tAhT3vb8hKOfg6tZcEah3gOnmlS4RV1aXLhH7lmcALPBu3qkJLaHQ3ovAYcJk2UODdQMiM4VeZTbdcj-lrDhCS6RXcsyC4hzzHRI4klcWJBRy4UP5JE3oBJEPQo8rD5h2SCjv-ExUld587Lkzn5CEoXiv0I0ihx11mMpRwwK01KUY3Zr2Pdt3UXTKhbAzaRvBQ619YMG4KMIvZvyg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7617,"name":"Medieval Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Church_History"},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology"},{"id":18922,"name":"Transylvania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transylvania"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27859998"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27859998/ADATOK_CS%C3%8DKSZENTM%C3%81RTON_R_S%C3%82NMARTIN_K%C3%96Z%C3%89PKORI_T%C3%96RT%C3%89NET%C3%89HEZ_A_PL%C3%89B%C3%81NIATEMPLOM_2015_%C3%89VI_R%C3%89G%C3%89SZETI_KUTAT%C3%81SA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ADATOK CSÍKSZENTMÁRTON (R: SÂNMARTIN) KÖZÉPKORI TÖRTÉNETÉHEZ. A PLÉBÁNIATEMPLOM 2015. ÉVI RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/48144637/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27859998/ADATOK_CS%C3%8DKSZENTM%C3%81RTON_R_S%C3%82NMARTIN_K%C3%96Z%C3%89PKORI_T%C3%96RT%C3%89NET%C3%89HEZ_A_PL%C3%89B%C3%81NIATEMPLOM_2015_%C3%89VI_R%C3%89G%C3%89SZETI_KUTAT%C3%81SA">ADATOK CSÍKSZENTMÁRTON (R: SÂNMARTIN) KÖZÉPKORI TÖRTÉNETÉHEZ. A PLÉBÁNIATEMPLOM 2015. ÉVI RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve </span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Catholic parish church of Sânmartin (Harghita County, Romania) is a featureless 19th century ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Catholic parish church of Sânmartin<br />(Harghita County, Romania) is a featureless 19th<br />century building without any obvious historical<br />arhitectural element. Written sources although<br />prove that a church already stood in the village<br />at the beginning of the 14th century. At the same<br />time, archaeological material collected during field<br />surveys in the area shows the existence of an earlier<br />settlement, therefore even the existence of the 12th–<br />13th century church can be presumed. The Medieval<br />church was destroyed before the construction of the<br />actual building, but some Medieval elements (a<br />Gothic Madonna-statue, bell, tabernacle, font) were<br />preserved. During the restoration works, in 2015,<br />we managed to document the walls of the Medieval<br />church, which had more phases: nave, vestry, and<br />chancel. On the South wall of the nave, the trace<br />of the entrance could be observed, and also the<br />remains, pilasters of the later Western gallery. Two<br />blocks of secondary altars came to light by the East<br />corners of the nave. The Late Medieval chancel had a<br />poligonal plan with buttresses and it was covered by a<br />vault made of terracotta ribs. On the South wall, an<br />interior niche (for stalls?) and an exterior buttress<br />could be documented, furthermore the stone block<br />of the altar and a trace of a crypt were also visible.<br />This one very probably belonged to the Becz-family<br />who were the most important patrons of the church<br />during the Middle Ages. The vestry is clearly older<br />then the nave, and very probably earlier than the<br />chancel. After the archaeological surveillance, one<br />could separate the most important building phases,<br />but naturally more details still wait for an answer.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="57731c7a064b0dac5df4a4821ca23394" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":48144637,"asset_id":27859998,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48144637/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27859998"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27859998"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27859998; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27859998]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27859998]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27859998; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27859998']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27859998, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "57731c7a064b0dac5df4a4821ca23394" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27859998]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27859998,"title":"ADATOK CSÍKSZENTMÁRTON (R: SÂNMARTIN) KÖZÉPKORI TÖRTÉNETÉHEZ. A PLÉBÁNIATEMPLOM 2015. ÉVI RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"XI-XII.","abstract":"The Catholic parish church of Sânmartin\n(Harghita County, Romania) is a featureless 19th\ncentury building without any obvious historical\narhitectural element. Written sources although\nprove that a church already stood in the village\nat the beginning of the 14th century. At the same\ntime, archaeological material collected during field\nsurveys in the area shows the existence of an earlier\nsettlement, therefore even the existence of the 12th–\n13th century church can be presumed. The Medieval\nchurch was destroyed before the construction of the\nactual building, but some Medieval elements (a\nGothic Madonna-statue, bell, tabernacle, font) were\npreserved. During the restoration works, in 2015,\nwe managed to document the walls of the Medieval\nchurch, which had more phases: nave, vestry, and\nchancel. On the South wall of the nave, the trace\nof the entrance could be observed, and also the\nremains, pilasters of the later Western gallery. Two\nblocks of secondary altars came to light by the East\ncorners of the nave. The Late Medieval chancel had a\npoligonal plan with buttresses and it was covered by a\nvault made of terracotta ribs. On the South wall, an\ninterior niche (for stalls?) and an exterior buttress\ncould be documented, furthermore the stone block\nof the altar and a trace of a crypt were also visible.\nThis one very probably belonged to the Becz-family\nwho were the most important patrons of the church\nduring the Middle Ages. The vestry is clearly older\nthen the nave, and very probably earlier than the\nchancel. After the archaeological surveillance, one\ncould separate the most important building phases,\nbut naturally more details still wait for an answer.","journal_name":"A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve XI-XII. 2016","page_numbers":"9-26.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve "},"translated_abstract":"The Catholic parish church of Sânmartin\n(Harghita County, Romania) is a featureless 19th\ncentury building without any obvious historical\narhitectural element. Written sources although\nprove that a church already stood in the village\nat the beginning of the 14th century. At the same\ntime, archaeological material collected during field\nsurveys in the area shows the existence of an earlier\nsettlement, therefore even the existence of the 12th–\n13th century church can be presumed. The Medieval\nchurch was destroyed before the construction of the\nactual building, but some Medieval elements (a\nGothic Madonna-statue, bell, tabernacle, font) were\npreserved. During the restoration works, in 2015,\nwe managed to document the walls of the Medieval\nchurch, which had more phases: nave, vestry, and\nchancel. On the South wall of the nave, the trace\nof the entrance could be observed, and also the\nremains, pilasters of the later Western gallery. Two\nblocks of secondary altars came to light by the East\ncorners of the nave. The Late Medieval chancel had a\npoligonal plan with buttresses and it was covered by a\nvault made of terracotta ribs. On the South wall, an\ninterior niche (for stalls?) and an exterior buttress\ncould be documented, furthermore the stone block\nof the altar and a trace of a crypt were also visible.\nThis one very probably belonged to the Becz-family\nwho were the most important patrons of the church\nduring the Middle Ages. 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Emlékkönyv a felújított műemléktemplom ünnepélyes megáldására</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The papre presents the main results of the archaeological excavations at the medieval church of M...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The papre presents the main results of the archaeological excavations at the medieval church of Mihaileni (Romania/Transylvania/Harghita-county).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="54e3160fe57e14a33142a2101877e202" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":71243625,"asset_id":55317315,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71243625/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="55317315"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55317315"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55317315; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55317315]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55317315]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55317315; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='55317315']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55317315, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "54e3160fe57e14a33142a2101877e202" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=55317315]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":55317315,"title":"A csíkszentmihályi templom régészeti kutatása (2016, 2020)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The papre presents the main results of the archaeological excavations at the medieval church of Mihaileni (Romania/Transylvania/Harghita-county).","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Szent Mihály oltalma alatt. 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Vita a Csíki-medence 12. századi hovatartozásáról." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53739588/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33747409/Telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s_templom_temet%C5%91_Vita_a_Cs%C3%ADki_medence_12_sz%C3%A1zadi_hovatartoz%C3%A1s%C3%A1r%C3%B3l">Település, templom, temető. Vita a Csíki-medence 12. századi hovatartozásáról.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SZÉKELYFÖLD, 2017. július, 85-104.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dfd5aabf40cec8a80dba2e90022caa8b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53739588,"asset_id":33747409,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53739588/download_file?st=MTczMzE5Nzc5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33747409"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33747409"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33747409; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33747409]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33747409]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33747409; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33747409']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33747409, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dfd5aabf40cec8a80dba2e90022caa8b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33747409]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33747409,"title":"Település, templom, temető. 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