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Scrap Carbon, Graphite Recycling, CO2 Recovery
<html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <meta name="Carbon Recovery" content="Carbon Capture and Sequestration, CO2 Carbon Dioxide"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.cooksmill.net/cooksmill.css"> <title>Scrap Carbon, Graphite Recycling, CO2 Recovery</title> </head> <body> <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" link="#660066" text="#000000" vlink="#660066"> <div class="box"> <center> <a href="https://www.waste.net"> <img border="0" alt="Waste.net" src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/logo22.gif" width="200"></a> </center> </div> <a name="c"></a> <div class="box"> <center> <font size="6"> <b>Carbon Recovery</b> </font> <br> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#graphite">Carbon & Graphite Scrap</a> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#recovery">Carbon Recovery Methods</a> <a href="https://www.waste.net/hydrocarbon.html">Hydrocarbon Wastes</a> <br> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#footprint">Carbon Footprint</a> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#co2">CO2 Carbon Dioxide</a> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#product">Carbon Products</a> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#info">Carbon Recovery Info</a> </center> </div> <div class="box"> <a hef="https://www.surplusxchange.net/mineral.html"> <img border="0" alt="carbon" src="https://www.by-productsynergy.com/gif-bin/carbon.gif"></a> </center> </div> <a name="graphite"></a> <a name="silicon"></a> <a name="hydrocarbon"></a> <div class="box"> <p> <B>Carbon & Graphite Scrap</B> <br> Please feel free to ADD your Buy or Sell inquiry If you wish to deal in Recovered <a href="https://www.gemsrocks.com/cgi-bin/exlist.cgi?wsc=09-8003#add"> <font color="FF0000"><B>Carbon & Graphite Scrap</b></font></a>. The on-line exchange service has been successfully matching Buyers and Sellers since 1995. <br> Separating Graphite, Carbon & Silicon Scrap into the different <a href="https://www.trashinfo.com/cgi-bin/price3.cgi?id=99999&do=purchase&cat=09-8003">Grades & Specifications</a> will allow you to yield the best <a href="https://www.waste.net/cgi-bin/price7.cgi?do=purchase&cat=09-8003">value</a> for your scrap materials. </p> </div> <a name="recovery"></a> <div class="box"> <p> <B>Carbon Recovery Methods</B> <br> Our approach to physical Carbon Recovery is a method to promote the conversion of carbon scrap, waste or by-products into a specified grade of secondary commodity that acts as a direct replacement for virgin carbon materials. A quality secondary commodity that is interchangeable or can be blended with primary commodity as a raw feedstock consumed in the traditional established <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#product">carbon product</a> manufacturing chain. <br> <br> For any portion of the carbon scrap, waste or by-product stream that is difficult or extremely uneconomical to recycle in the commodity to commodity method, the <a href="https://www.waste.net/4.html#recover">recovery</a> approach is pursued. The recovery of <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#co2">CO2</a> has its own unique set of handling requirements. </p> </div> <a name="solid"></a> <div class="box"> <center> <img src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/carbon_solidification.gif" alt="Carbon Solidification" border="0" width="300"></a> </center> </div> <a name="product"></a> <a name="pure"></a> <a name="trade"></a> <div class="box"> <center> <font size="6"> <b>Carbon Products</b> </font> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#powder">Carbon Powders</a> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#filter">Filtration Media</a> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#electrolytic">Electrolytic Carbon</a> <br> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#fab">Fabricated Carbon Products</a> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#carbonates">Carbonates & Mineralization</a> <br> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#fuel">Clean Carbon Fuels</a> </center> </div> <div class="box"> <p> <B>Integrated Carbon Products</B> <br> There are a multitude of traditional established <a href="https://www.gemsrocks.com/cgi-bin/exlist.cgi?wsc=09-1501#add"> <font color="#FF0000"><b>Carbon Products</b></font></a> that consume recycled carbon as a part of their raw feedstocks. Products in both crystalline and non-crystalline forms. <br> <a name="powder"></a> <br> <B>Carbon Powders & Pigments</B> <br> Carbon Powders & reinforcing fillers, Carbon black. Carbon reinforcing filler in tires, rubber and plastics, color pigment, inks, photocopier and laser printer toner. <br> <a href="https://www.by-productsynergy.com/cgi-bin/exlist.cgi?wsc=67-019940#add"><B>Biochar</B></a> and soil amendment materials <br> <a name="filter"></a> <br> <B>Filtration Media</B> <br> Activated carbon, Carbon filtration media, used for water purification, air filtering and industrial gas processing. <br> <a name="electrolytic"></a> <a name="eletrolitic"></a> <br> <B>Electrolytic Carbon products</B> <br> The electrical industry utilizes carbon and graphite electrodes, carbon brushes, electronic components and carbon blocks. Battery materials <br> <a name="fab"></a> <br> <B>Fabricated Carbon Products</B> <br> Carbon & <a href="https://www.gemsrocks.com/carbon.html">Graphite</a> such as common pencil lead, crucibles and Graphite Refractory Materials <br> The potential expansion of future developments in the use of <a href="https://www.gemsrocks.com/carbon.html#storage"><font color="#FF0000"><b>Graphene</b></font></a> along with advanced concepts surrounding carbon nano tubes show great promise. <br> <a name="carbonates"></a> <br> <B>Carbonates & Mineralization</B> <br> The conversion of carbon and CO2 into industrial mineral compounds and carbonates is a natural reaction that may be mimicked. <br> One of the most commonly used industrial minerals is <a href="https://www.waste.net/industrialminerals.html#lime">Calcium Carbonate</a> (CaCo3) and limestone products. The mineralization or conversion of Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na) is also quite common. <br> Producing Magnesium (Mg) and Lithium (Li) carbonates is a common process along with the manufacturing other metal carbonates and carbides. <br> <a name="fuel"></a> <br> <B>Clean Carbon Fuels</B> <br> <a href="https://www.gemsrocks.com/carbon.html#solid_fuel">Solid Fuels</a> <a href="https://www.gemsrocks.com/carbon.html#liquid_fuel">Liquid Fuels</a> <br> <a name="solid_fuel"></a> <br> <B>Solid Carbon Fuels</B> <br> One of the most exciting untapped potentials is the production of clean recovered <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/exothermic.html#carbon_storage">solid carbon fuels</a> that may be a direct green substitute for coal. The adoption of <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/solid_carbon_storage.html">closed loop</a> mass balance technologies, that eliminate combustion emissions to the atmosphere, may provide a virtually unlimited use case for any volume of carbon on a <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/hybrid.html#regenerative_power-cycle">regenerating</a> cycle. <br> <a name="liquid_fuel"></a> <br> <B>Liquid Fuels</B> <br> The conversion of CO2 and CO based hydrocarbons into <a href="https://www.by-productsynergy.com/hotgas.html#condensed_hydrocarbons">condensed</a> intermediate chemicals such as Naphtha (CnH2n(n=5~8)), Methanol (CH3OH) and Ethanol (C2H6O). <br> These intermediate chemicals may be further converted into liquid fuels that are commonly used in the transportation industries, such as Gasoline (C8H18), Diesel (C12H23) or Kerosene (C12H26C15H32) aviation fuels. <br> <br> New approaches to generate electricity with methods such as <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/solid_carbon_storage.html#carbon_fuel_cell">Direct Carbon Fuel Cells</a> may prove more efficient than traditional combustion. </p> </div> <div class="box"> <hr width="50%" color="#cccccc"> </div> <a name="info"></a> <div class="box"> <center> <a href="https://waste.net/questions.html"> <img border="0" alt="Ask your Recycling Questions" src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/questions.gif"></a> </center> </div> <div class="box"> <p> <B>Carbon Recovery Information</B> <br> For anyone seeking current information or research data related to CO2 and Carbon Recovery, you may access and ask your <a href="https://www.recycling.org/101/#questions"> <font color="FF0000"><B>Carbon Recovery Questions</b></font></a> to a core group of experienced and knowledgeable environmental recycling industry professionals. </p> </div> <a name="footprint"></a> <a name="green"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <p> <B>Carbon Footprint</B> <br> Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Carbon Monoxide CO, Carbon Dioxide CO2 <br> An increased awareness of Climate Change has accelerated efforts for everyone to reduce their Carbon Footprint and has resulted in an proliferation of <a href="https://www.energychange.com/climate/">Carbon Offset Credit</a> schemes and a multitude of <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#ccs">Carbon Capture & Sequestration</a> projects. <br><br> <B>Green Carbon Market</B> <br> We believe in the potential of a <b>Green Carbon Market</b>, a <a href="https://www.by-productsynergy.com/regeneration/"><font color="#FF0000">Waste Regeneration</font></a> service based on the benefits and environmental impact of removing atmospheric aerosol carbon particles and particulates. </p> </div> <a name="co2"></a> <div class="box"> <center> <font size="6"> <b>CO2</b> </font> <br> Carbon Dioxide <br> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#footprint">Greenhouse Gas Emissions</a> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#capture">Carbon Capture</a> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#ccs"><b>(CCS) vs. (CCR)</b></a> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#c02recovery">CO2 Recovery</a> <br> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#liquid">Liquid CO2</a> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#recovery">Carbon Recovery</a> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#product">Carbon Products</a> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#info">Carbon Recovery Info</a> </center> </div> <div class="box"> <center> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#c02recovery"> <img src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/co2_recovery.gif" border="0" alt="CO2 Recovery"></a> </center> </div> <div class="box"> <center> <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/solid_carbon_storage.html#co2_cycle"> <img src="https://www.waste.net/2/co2_working_fluid.gif" border="0" alt="CO2 Working Fluid Cycle" width="150"></a> </center> </div> <a name="capture"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <p> <B>Carbon Capture</B> <br> There seems to be three main focal points that carbon capturists are concentrating on, At-Source Capture, Atmospheric Collection and Mobile Carbon Capture. There are a wide variety of proposals, approaches and <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#method">methods</a> applied to Carbon Capture, many of these theories need to be proven at scale and economically. <br> <a name="source"></a> <br> <B>At-Source Carbon Capture</B> <br> The capture of part or all of the CO2 emissions at the source point from Power Plants, <a href="https://www.wizz.com/flash/cement.html">Cement Kilns</a> or other high volume generation sources. Closed loop carbon capture at thermal <a href="https://www.wizz.com/flash/combustion.html">combustion sites</a> provides the opportunity to covert waste emissions into a valuable resource as <a href="https://www.by-productsynergy.com/biorefining.html">Bio-Refining</a> feedstocks. <br> <a name="atmospheric"></a> <br> <B>Atmospheric Carbon Collection</B> <br> Carbon Capture from the general atmosphere taps into an air flow and extracts a percentage of the CO2 contained in Atmospheric air, this is commonly known as Direct Air Capture. The establishment of multiple collection operations around the world would theoretically reduce the CO2 levels globally. <br> <br> Within the Recovery 2.0 system the opportunity to install and operate a CO2 <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/wind.html#dac">Direct Air Capture</a> unit in conjunction with a Wind Energy Harvesting module is an attractive option. The selective extraction of CO2 from a captive flow of ambient air may provide a cost effective method to approach Direct Air Capture. <br> <br> CO2 may be segregated from atmospheric air using a choice of several methods including solvent absorption or selective filtration media. One alternative method is <a href="https://www.by-productsynergy.com/refining.html#fractional">Fractional Distillation</a> by <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/compressed_air.html">Compressing</a> the captive air flow. Extracted CO2 may be routed directly into the Recovery 2.0 <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/solid_carbon_storage.html">pipeline</a>. <br> <a name="mobile"></a> <br> <B>Mobile Carbon Capture</B> <br> The theory of Mobile Carbon Capture is to reduce or eliminate CO2 emissions from internal combustion engines such as cars and trucks. In general the approach captures CO2 from the tailpipe emissions. Much development is still required to work through this technology and its implementation. <br> <a name="method"></a> <br> <B>Carbon Capture Methods</B> <br> Of the many technologies and methods currently being pursued, we have spotlighted just a few. <br> Zeolites are microporous aluminum silicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts. Metal Organic Frameworks known as MOFs are synthetically engineered to perform specific selective, repetitive Carbon Capture and CO2 hydrogenation tasks. <br> Using catalysts and electro catalyst to turn CO2 into valuable compounds is a promising, scaleable approach. <br> Absorption, or carbon scrubbing with amines and alkaline solvents is a proven technology used in the chemical and refining industries. <br> And of course we can not ignore the power of natural plant CO2 absorption and the untapped usage of Algae, bacteria and enzymes. </p> </div> <a name="ccs"></a> <div class="box"> <p> <B>Carbon Sequestration</B> <br> Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) vs. Carbon Capture and Recovery (CCR) <br> From the prospective of an old recycler, the concept of storage or <a href="https://www.energychange.com/carbon/">sequestration</a> seems incomplete or inadequate. The idea of expending the effort of collecting something and then hiding it feels like a potential liability or at the very least an irresponsible practice. Applied to any other type of scrap, waste or by-product sequestration goes against <a href="https://www.waste.net/4.html">The 4 Rs Principals</a>. </p> </div> <a name="co2_sinks"></a> <div class="box"> <p> <B>CO2 Sinks</B> <br> Within the <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/">Recovery 2.0</a> system we attempt to take every available opportunity to neutralize the abundance of excess CO2 that surrounds us. We view CO2 in the same light as any other commodity and respect its value as a resource, while recognizing the economic, energy and environmental costs associated with its treatment, handling and responsible life cycle disposition. <br> <br> The Recovery 2.0 process creates multiple point source pathways that may act as <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#co2_mineralization">CO2 sinks</a> in the methodical design of material flows that support CO2 Recovery. </p> </div> <a name="c02recovery"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <center> <B>CO2 Recovery Stages</B> <br><br> <a hef="https://www.waste.net/2/"> <img src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/co2_collection.gif" border="0" alt="CO2 Collection" width="125"></a> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#c02coversion"> <img src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/co2_conversion.gif" border="0" alt="CO2 Conversion" width="125"></a> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#c02usage_path"> <img src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/co2_utilization.gif" border="0" alt="CO2 Utilization" width="125"></a> <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#ccs"> <img src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/co2_storage.gif" border="0" alt="CO2 Storage" width="125"></a> </center> </div> <div class="box"> <p> <B>CO2 Recovery</B> <br> CO2 Recovery from <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#source">flue gas</a> (smokestack) emissions, <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#atmospheric">Atmospheric Carbon</a> collection or <a href="https://www.waste.net/hydrocarbon.html">Hydrocarbon Wastes</a> processing. No matter the source of your CO2 the method you choose to recover the CO2 will depend upon the end product you wish to obtain. <br> Some common desired end products are <a href="https://www.waste.net/hydrocarbon.html#rng">Renewable Natural Gas (RNG)</a> or the production of <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#liquid">Liquid CO2</a> and the direct reduction of CO2 into <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#graphite">Carbon Solids</a> or mineralized <a href="https://www.waste.net/industrialminerals.html#lime">carbonate</a> and carbide materials. The use of reverse combustion technology will allow the production of carbon products directly from recovered CO2. <br> <br> The alternate method that we explored is the direct conversion of CO2 to <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#alc02">electricity</a>. <br> <br> The thermal reduction of CO2 through direct splitting of carbon and oxygen may prove to be undesirable due to its energy intensity. The economic justification for CO2 splitting can not be warranted by the value of the carbon and oxygen recovered, but the process may be performed if a client is willing to subsidize the cost. <br> One alternative, as an <a href="https://www.by-productsynergy.com/hotgas.html#hydrogen_paths">interim step</a>, is to convert CO2 with a source of hydrogen into a hydrocarbon fuel. The hydrocarbon fuel may be sold directly into the market or may be further refined into <a href="https://www.waste.net/hydrogen.html">clean Hydrogen</a> and <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#product">solid carbon</a> as a method of Hydrocarbon Splitting. <br> These interim steps may prove to be more economically desirable then the energy required to do single step CO2 splitting. </p> </div> <a name="c02coversion"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <center> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#c02coversion"> <img src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/co2_conversion.gif" border="0" alt="CO2 Conversion"></a> </center> </div> <a name="c02_coversion"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <p> <B>CO2 Conversion</B> <br> There are a number of approaches to converting CO2 emissions into other forms, typically these methods are energy intense as it takes a large amount of energy to break the strong stable molecular bonds that hold Carbon Dioxide together. <br> <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#co2_split">Splitting</a> CO2 into a Solid Carbon Product is one approach that typically applies heat or electricity to reduce the carbon. <br> Processing methods that sink CO2 into <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#co2_mineralization">mineralized</a> materials are developing as the technologies and market drivers mature. </p> </div> <a name="alc02"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <p> <B>Al/CO2 Electrochemical Cell</B> <br> Direct production of electricity from CO2 Recovery with the use of a Al/CO2 Electrochemical Cell. Research into this experimental technology that converts Carbon Dioxide to create electricity and <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#graphite">Recovered Carbon</a> is an exciting option. </p> </div> <a name="co2_split"></a> <div class="box"> <center> <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/solid_carbon_storage.html"> <img src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/co2splitting.gif" alt="CO2 splitting" border="0" width="300"></a> </center> </div> <a name="c02_splitting"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <p> <B>CO2 Splitting</B> <br> The concept of CO2 Splitting addresses the remediation of Carbon Dioxide emissions by capturing and segregating <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#product">carbon</a> and <a href="https://www.energychange.com/gases/group.html#oxygen1">oxygen</a>. <br> The energy required to split CO2 may be derived in the form of heat (thermal reduction) or novel approaches such as <a href="https://www.by-productsynergy.com/refining.html#plasma">Plasma Arc</a> technology or photocatalystic CO2 splitting. </p> </div> <a name="co2_split_molten"></a> <div class="box"> <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/molten_media.html"> <img src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/co2_split_molten.gif" alt="Molten Metal CO2 Splitting" border="0" width="300"></a> </div> <a name="molten_splitting"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <p> <B>Molten Media CO2 Splitting</B> <br> One method of CO2 Splitting may be the use of a <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/molten_media.html">molten media</a> such as a metal, where the controlled bubbling of Carbon Dioxide through a redox reactor may reduce the CO2 into Solid Carbon. The oxygen binds with the molten metal to form a metal oxide and the <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#product">solid carbon</a> floats to the top where it may be skimmed and harvested. The metal oxide needs to be <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/oxidation_reaction.html">regenerated</a> into molten metal in order to be cycled once again. <br> <br> Melting and maintaining the molten media is an energy intense process, the media regeneration may also require the input of energy. </p> </div> <a name="c02usage_path"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <center> <a hef="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#product"> <img border="0" src="https://www.waste.net/gif-bin/co2_usage_pathway.gif" alt="CO2 Usage Pathways" width="300"></a> </center> </div> <a name="co2_utilization"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <p> <B>CO2 Utilization</B> <br> The utilization of recovered Carbon Dioxide or Carbon Monoxide typically falls under one of 3 main classifications, CO2 <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#co2_woking_fluids">Working fluids</a> that may be converted into fuels or chemicals, CO2 may also be converted into a range of <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#product">solid carbon</a> products, The <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#co2_mineralization">mineralization</a> of CO2 may produce a wide range of metal or alkali carbonates or carbides. </p> </div> <a name="co2_woking_fluids"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <p> <B>CO2 Working Fluids</B> <br> Carbon Dioxide is a versatile material that may be utilized in a number of products. CO2 emissions may be consolidated and channeled into a <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/solid_carbon_storage.html">CO2 Pipeline</a> where the hot pressurized gas may be harnessed to produce electricity. CO2 may also be utilized as a working fluid in a <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/thermal_storage.html#pump_heat">Pumped Heat Energy Storage</a> system. <br> Compressed CO2 gas invokes an extreme cold side reaction upon rapid expansion which is valuable for heat exchange and <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/gradient.html#temperature">Thermal Energy</a> generation. <br> <br> Direct use of CO2 gas may be beneficial in greenhouse applications to promote plant growth. Compressed CO2 is commonly used as a fire suppressant. There are many established industrial uses for <a href="https://www.waste.net/carbon.html#liquid">Liquid CO2</a> and Solid CO2 (Dry Ice). <br> <br> CO2 and syngas may be used as a feedstock to manufacture methanol which may be converted into fuels such as gasoline, diesel and aviation fuels. <br> <br> CO2 may be used as a raw feedstock as a precursor or building block to manufacture chemical products. <br> <br> CO2 may be used as a component to allow microbes or enzymes to digest materials into protein meals and oils that may be used as animal feed supplements for the production of fish food and poultry feeds. </p> </div> <a name="liquid"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <p> <B>Liquid CO2</B> <br> One product that is in high demand is Liquid CO2. A common method for the recovery of CO2 gas produces pressurized Liquid CO2. <br> If you wish to Buy or Sell <a href="https://www.energychange.com/cgi-bin/exlist.cgi?wsc=12-474010#add"> <font color="#FF0000"><b>Liquid CO2</b></font></a> the exchange service connects potential trading partners for industrial gas products. <br> <br> In the phase change from liquid to gas, CO2 volume expands on a 535:1 ratio which creates a <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/gradient.html#pressure">pressure</a> sufficient to drive a turbo machine to generate electricity. Pressurized Liquid <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/solid_carbon_storage.html#co2_cycle">CO2</a> in the 40 Bar range may be stored at ambient temperature. </p> </div> <a name="co2_mineralization"></a> <br> <div class="box"> <p> <B>CO2 Mineralization</B> <br> The mineralization of CO2 may produce a wide range of metal or alkali carbonates or carbides. <br> The conversion of CO2 into minerals such as <a href="https://www.waste.net/industrialminerals.html#lime">calcium carbonate</a> (CaCO3) or <a href="https://www.waste.net/magnesium.html#mgco3">Magnesium Carbonate</a> (MgCO3) may be a useful foundation for the creation of <a href="https://www.waste.net/industrialminerals.html#circular_aggregate">Circular Aggregate Materials</a> for use in the production of building and construction materials. Products such as cement and precast concrete are ideal candidates to incorporate recovered CO2. <br> <br> Mineralized alkali based products such as Sodium, Potassium, <a href="https://www.waste.net/2/calcium.html#stage_3">Calcium</a> and <a href="https://www.waste.net/magnesium.html#salts">Magnesium</a> make an excellent sink for CO2 by producing products that are in high volume demand. 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