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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Filisteus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 66 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistyne" title="Filistyne — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Filistyne" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="فلستيون — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلستيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%AC" title="ܦܠܫܬ — aramaico" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܠܫܬ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="فلستيون — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلستيون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filisteos" title="Filisteos — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Filisteos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistinlil%C9%99r" title="Filistinlilər — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Filistinlilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philista" title="Philista — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Philista" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Філістымляне — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Філістымляне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Филистимци — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Филистимци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="পলেষ্টীয় — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পলেষ্টীয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filisteu" title="Filisteu — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Filisteu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peli%C5%A1tejci" title="Pelištejci — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pelištejci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffilistiaid" title="Ffilistiaid — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffilistiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistre_(folkeslag)" title="Filistre (folkeslag) — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Filistre (folkeslag)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philister" title="Philister — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philister" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Φιλισταίοι — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλισταίοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Philistines" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fili%C5%9Dtoj" title="Filiŝtoj — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filiŝtoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filisteos" title="Filisteos — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Filisteos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilistid" title="Vilistid — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vilistid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistiar" title="Filistiar — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Filistiar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="فلیسطی‌ها — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلیسطی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistealaiset" title="Filistealaiset — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Filistealaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philistins" title="Philistins — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philistins" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פלשתים — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלשתים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistejci" title="Filistejci — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Filistejci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filiszteusok" title="Filiszteusok — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Filiszteusok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B2%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Փղշտացիներ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փղշտացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Filistin" title="Orang Filistin — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Filistin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistei" title="Filistei — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filistei" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%86%E4%BA%BA" title="ペリシテ人 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペリシテ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%A0%88%EC%85%8B%EC%9D%B8" title="블레셋인 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="블레셋인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philistaei" title="Philistaei — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Philistaei" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistinai" title="Filistinai — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Filistinai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistina" title="Filistina — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Filistina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Филистејци — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Филистејци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistijnen" title="Filistijnen — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Filistijnen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistrar" title="Filistrar — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Filistrar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistere" title="Filistere — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filistere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filist%C3%A8us" title="Filistèus — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Filistèus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistyni" title="Filistyni — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filistyni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filisteni" title="Filisteni — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Filisteni" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Филистимляне — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Филистимляне" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Philistines" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistejci" title="Filistejci — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Filistejci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="පලස්තීනය — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පලස්තීනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Philistines" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fili%C5%A1t%C3%ADnci" title="Filištínci — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Filištínci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistejci" title="Filistejci — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Filistejci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistenjt%C3%AB" title="Filistenjtë — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Filistenjtë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Филистејци — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Филистејци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filist%C3%A9er" title="Filistéer — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filistéer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafilisti" title="Wafilisti — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wafilisti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பிலிஸ்தியர்கள் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிலிஸ்தியர்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ชาวฟิลิสตีน — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวฟิลิสตีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Filisteo" title="Mga Filisteo — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga Filisteo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antik_Filistinliler" title="Antik Filistinliler — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antik Filistinliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Філістимляни — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філістимляни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="فلسطی قوم — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلسطی قوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filistimliklar" title="Filistimliklar — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Filistimliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Philistin" title="Người Philistin — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Philistin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilistino" title="Pilistino — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pilistino" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%A3%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="非利士人 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="非利士人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ფილისტიმარეფი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფილისტიმარეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פלשתים — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פלשתים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%A3%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="非利士人 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="非利士人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193776#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Filisteus" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Filisteus" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Filisteus"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Filisteus"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Filisteus" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Filisteus" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&oldid=68921626" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Filisteus&id=68921626&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFilisteus"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFilisteus"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Filisteus"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Filisteus&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Philistines" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193776" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Filisteus">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Filisteus&oq=Filisteus">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Filisteus">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Filisteus">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Outubro de 2011</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Kingdom_of_Philistines_830_map-pt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kingdom_of_Philistines_830_map-pt.svg/220px-Kingdom_of_Philistines_830_map-pt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kingdom_of_Philistines_830_map-pt.svg/330px-Kingdom_of_Philistines_830_map-pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kingdom_of_Philistines_830_map-pt.svg/440px-Kingdom_of_Philistines_830_map-pt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="859" /></a><figcaption>Estados Filisteus ca. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">830 a.C.</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Filistijnse_pentapolis-pt.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Filistijnse_pentapolis-pt.gif/220px-Filistijnse_pentapolis-pt.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Filistijnse_pentapolis-pt.gif/330px-Filistijnse_pentapolis-pt.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Filistijnse_pentapolis-pt.gif/440px-Filistijnse_pentapolis-pt.gif 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Pentápolis filisteia (em vermelho)</figcaption></figure> <p>Os <b>filisteus</b> (do hebr. <span lang="he">פְּלְשְׁתִּים</span>; <a href="/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(lingu%C3%ADstica)" title="Romanização (linguística)">romaniz.</a>: <i><span lang="he-Latn" title="ISO 259 Hebrew" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><i>plishtim</i></span></i>) foram um povo que ocupou a costa sudoeste de <a href="/wiki/Cana%C3%A3" title="Canaã">Canaã</a>, com seu território nomeado como <a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%ADstia" class="mw-redirect" title="Filístia">Filístia</a> em contextos posteriores. Teoriza-se que eles se originaram entre os "<a href="/wiki/Povos_do_mar" class="mw-redirect" title="Povos do mar">povos do mar</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-fl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fl-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia">arqueologia</a> moderna também sugeriu os primeiros laços culturais com o mundo <a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Mic%C3%AAnica" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilização Micênica">micênico</a> na <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia" title="Grécia">Grécia</a>. Apesar de eles terem adotado a língua e a cultura local <a href="/wiki/Cana%C3%A3" title="Canaã">cananeia</a> antes de deixar quaisquer textos escritos (e posteriormente adotarem a <a href="/wiki/Aramaico" title="Aramaico">língua Aramaica</a>), uma origem <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_indo-europeias" title="Línguas indo-europeias">indo-europeia</a> tem sido sugerida para um grande número de palavras filisteias conhecidas que sobreviveram como <a href="/wiki/Estrangeirismo" title="Estrangeirismo">estrangeirismos</a> em <a href="/wiki/Hebraico" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebraico">hebraico</a>. Segundo o investigador Antônio Carlos Pavão, os filisteus derrotaram os israelitas porque sabiam fazer o aço, enquanto os israelitas ainda estavam na era do bronze.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> No entanto, é mais possível que influência dos estrangeirismos no hebraico pode ser atribuída à forte influência cultural e comercial grega posterior. Os Povos do Mar tem origem ainda incerta, podendo ser inclusive um ramo invasor Hitita. Por outro lado a <a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Minoica" title="Civilização Minoica">Civilização Minoica</a>, era matriarcal como apontam estudos de <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heide_G%C3%B6ttner-Abendroth" class="extiw" title="de:Heide Göttner-Abendroth"><b>Heide</b> Gottner-Abendroth</a> e tinham tendências comerciais, mas não expansionistas e bélicas, além de não conhecerem e nem utilizarem armas de ferro ou aço, desaparecendo mesmo séculos antes da colonização dos filisteus. Já a <a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_mic%C3%AAnica" title="Civilização micênica">Civilização Micênica</a>, apesar de expansionistas, não há relato histórico comprovado de terem migrado para a região de Canaã, também não usavam armas de metal, não consumiam carne de porco, sua arte cerâmica e de estátuas não era sofisticada, o que coloca sérias dúvidas sobre a teoria de que os Povos do Mar eram gregos, reduzindo esta teoria a uma interpretação religiosa e controversa. Outro aspecto claramente histórico a desfavor da tese da origem grega para os filisteus é que não há nenhum registro documentado de historiadores gregos ou de outras culturas da época que indiquem movimento expansionista naquele sentido na época dos filisteus. Segundo o arqueologista <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aren_Maeir" class="extiw" title="en:Aren Maeir">Aren Maeir</a>, há fortes questionamentos sobre pesquisas com DNA na região, considerando "...adverte contra o excesso de simplificação da história dos filisteus, considerando os vilões bíblicos “um grupo ‘heterogêneo’ ou ‘transcultural’, composto de povos de várias origens.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>” <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="color:gray;white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Fonte_n%C3%A3o_confi%C3%A1vel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:Fonte não confiável"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma fonte mais confiável para confirmá-la. (outubro de 2023)">carece de fonte melhor</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origem">Origem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Origem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Origem"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sua origem ainda hoje é motivo de controvérsias. Há polêmica até mesmo sobre o fato de que se tratava de um único povo ou de uma confederação de povos que migraram do <a href="/wiki/Mar_Egeu" title="Mar Egeu">Mar Egeu</a> para o leste do <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A2neo" title="Mar Mediterrâneo">Mar Mediterrâneo</a> no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIII a.C.</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Segundo a <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia">Bíblia</a>, os filisteus teriam se originado de <a href="/wiki/Casluim" title="Casluim">Casluim</a>, o qual teria sido um dos filhos de <a href="/wiki/Mizraim" title="Mizraim">Mizraim</a>, patriarca dos egípcios, e neto de <a href="/wiki/Cam" title="Cam">Cam</a>. No entanto, a teoria mais aceita cientificamente baseia-se na hipótese de que se tratava de um grupo <a href="/wiki/Indo-europeus" title="Indo-europeus">indo-europeu</a> que conviveu durante séculos com os povos <a href="/wiki/Semitas" title="Semitas">semitas</a> da região conhecida como <a href="/wiki/Palestina_(regi%C3%A3o)" title="Palestina (região)">Filistia</a><span style="color:gray"><sup>[</sup></span><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma referência para confirmá-la desde abril de 2017." style="color:gray"><i>carece de fontes</i></span></a><span class="printfooter">?</span><span style="color:gray">]</span></sup>. Em 2016, descobriu-se um grande cemitério filisteu, contendo mais de 150 mortos enterrados em túmulos ovais, indicando uma origem do mar Egeu, que ainda não foi confirmada por testes genéticos.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A primeira notícia que se tem sobre os filisteus surge de relatos <a href="/wiki/Antigo_Egito" title="Antigo Egito">egípcios</a> sobre os "<a href="/wiki/Povos_do_Mar" title="Povos do Mar">Povos do Mar</a>", isto é, levas de migrantes que vieram por mar para o atual Egito. As crônicas egípcias registram que, entre estes povos, encontravam-se os filisteus (<i>peleset</i>), mas havia ainda outros. </p><p>Esses "povos do mar", após várias batalhas marítimas, foram derrotados pelos egípcios sob o comando de <a href="/wiki/Ramess%C3%A9s_III" title="Ramessés III">Ramessés III</a>. Por fim, foram obrigados a buscar terras mais a leste na região costeira onde era Canaã. Lá, fundaram cinco cidades: <a href="/wiki/Asdode" title="Asdode">Asdode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ascal%C3%A3o" title="Ascalão">Ascalão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecrom" title="Ecrom">Ecrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza">Gaza</a> e, a maior delas, <a href="/wiki/Gate_(cidade)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gate (cidade)">Gate</a>. </p><p>Durante o período em que viveram nesta região, conhecida como a pentápole filisteia, quase sempre estiveram em guerra com seus inimigos <a href="/wiki/Hebreus" title="Hebreus">hebreus</a>; dos quais, aliás, são oriundas a maioria das informações sobre aquele povo. </p><p>Pesquisas atuais revelam o elevado grau de sofisticação na produção de artefatos de metal e de outros materiais deste povo. Graças a seu avançado estágio de trabalho em metalurgia, quase sempre quando os Filisteus iam a guerra contra os Hebreus, seus exércitos eram vitoriosos. </p><p>Esse povo, sendo de origem indo-europeia, possuía uma cultura e costumes bem diversos dos demais povos da região. Os hebreus, em particular, os achavam "bárbaros incivilizados". O costume filisteu de comer <a href="/wiki/Porco" title="Porco">porcos</a> e de não realizar a <a href="/wiki/Circuncis%C3%A3o" title="Circuncisão">circuncisão</a>, por exemplo, em muito deve ter contribuído para as opiniões negativas. Ambos os povos foram eclipsados em período posterior pelo expansionismo guerreiro do <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Neobabil%C3%B4nico" title="Império Neobabilônico">Império Neobabilônico</a>. </p><p>Embora o assentamento dos filisteus na costa tenha seguido uma expansão através do sul de Canaã, as guerras com os israelitas e outros povos acabaram confinando-os na pentápole.<sup id="cite_ref-machinist53s_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-machinist53s-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> No entanto, eles continuaram a ser uma ameaça política (incursões militares, especialmente no momento da colheita) e cultural para esse estado. </p><p>A federação filisteia perdeu temporariamente sua autonomia no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século X a.C.</span> sob hegemonia egípcia<sup id="cite_ref-tischler482_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tischler482-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> e definitivamente após a conquista pelo <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Neoass%C3%ADrio" title="Império Neoassírio">Império Neoassírio</a> em <span style="white-space:nowrap;">722 a.C.</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-machinist53s_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-machinist53s-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nabucodonosor_II" title="Nabucodonosor II">Nabucodonosor II</a> devastou o território filisteu em <span style="white-space:nowrap;">604 a.C.</span> e, como o resto do Oriente Médio, caiu nas mãos do império de <a href="/wiki/Alexandre,_o_Grande" title="Alexandre, o Grande">Alexandre, o Grande</a> no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século IV</span> a.C.. Naquele tempo, parece que os filisteus já haviam perdido grande parte de sua identidade cultural.<sup id="cite_ref-tischler482_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tischler482-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> No entanto, o termo Peleset e, mais tarde, as versões grega (Παλαιστινή, Palaistinḗ) e latina (Palæstina) continuaram a ser usadas como um termo geográfico, referindo-se a uma área cada vez mais extensa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museu_da_Cultura_Filisteia" title="Museu da Cultura Filisteia">Museu da Cultura Filisteia</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fl_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://estiloadoracao.com/quem-eram-os-filisteus/">«Quem eram os filisteus?»</a>. 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=Quem+eram+os+filisteus%3F&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Festiloadoracao.com%2Fquem-eram-os-filisteus%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://noticias.terra.com.br/ciencia/pesquisa/ciencia-ja-decidiu-guerras-mas-e-caminho-para-libertar-o-homem,2628310e0145b310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html">«Ciência já decidiu guerras, mas é "caminho para libertar o homem<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 20 de setembro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=Ci%C3%AAncia+j%C3%A1+decidiu+guerras%2C+mas+%C3%A9+%22caminho+para+libertar+o+homem%22&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnoticias.terra.com.br%2Fciencia%2Fpesquisa%2Fciencia-ja-decidiu-guerras-mas-e-caminho-para-libertar-o-homem%2C2628310e0145b310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographicbrasil.com/historia201907origem-dos-filisteus-pode-ser-finalmente-revelada-por-antigo-dna">«Origem dos filisteus pode ser finalmente revelada por DNA antigo»</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. 15 de julho de 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 11 de outubro de 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.atitle=Origem+dos+filisteus+pode+ser+finalmente+revelada+por+DNA+antigo&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographicbrasil.com%2Fhistoria201907origem-dos-filisteus-pode-ser-finalmente-revelada-por-antigo-dna&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O94-Philistines.html">«Filisteus»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=Filisteus&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1O94-Philistines.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-israel/first-ever-philistine-cemetery-unearthed-at-ashkelon/">«Philistine Cemetery Unearthed at Ashkelon»</a>. BiblicalArchaeology.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=Philistine+Cemetery+Unearthed+at+Ashkelon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BiblicalArchaeology.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblicalarchaeology.org%2Fdaily%2Fancient-cultures%2Fancient-israel%2Ffirst-ever-philistine-cemetery-unearthed-at-ashkelon%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160712143156/https://www.britannica.com/story/archaeologists-find-first-philistine-cemetery">Britannica.com</a>:"Already, the find in Ashkelon seems to point toward an Aegean origin, since the oval-shaped graves resemble those found in the Aegean cultural sphere. Genetic testing of the human remains will provide further information."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haaretz-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bohstrom, Philippe (10 de julho de 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/MAGAZINE-archaeologists-find-first-ever-philistine-cemetery-in-israel-1.5407835">«Archaeologists find first-ever Philistine cemetery in Israel»</a>. Cemetery in ancient Ashkelon, dating back 2700-3000 years, proves the Philistines came from the Aegean, and that in contrast to the conventional wisdom, they were a peaceful folk. Haaretz.com</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.au=Bohstrom%2C+Philippe&rft.btitle=Archaeologists+find+first-ever+Philistine+cemetery+in+Israel&rft.date=2016-07-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Haaretz.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Farchaeology%2FMAGAZINE-archaeologists-find-first-ever-philistine-cemetery-in-israel-1.5407835&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-machinist53s-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-machinist53s_8-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-machinist53s_8-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Machinist, <i>Biblical Traditions: The Philistines and Israelite History</i>, pág. 53 y ss.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tischler482-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-tischler482_9-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-tischler482_9-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Tischler, <i>All the things in the Bible</i>, I, pág. 482</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>H. R. Hall, The Ancient History of the Near East, London, Methurn & Co. Ltd, 1936</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Philistines?uselang=pt">Filisteus</a></span></b></div> </div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223172808/http://www.phcm.co.il/en">«Corinne Mamane Museum of Philistine Culture»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=Corinne+Mamane+Museum+of+Philistine+Culture&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20141223172808%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.phcm.co.il%2Fen&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/features/world/asia/israel/ashkelon-text">«National Geographic article»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=National+Geographic+article&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngm.nationalgeographic.com%2Fprint%2Ffeatures%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fisrael%2Fashkelon-text&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060516192340/http://www.dabar.org/Dyke/PHILISTINES/250PhilistineTexts.html">«List of Biblical References to Philistines or Philistia»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=List+of+Biblical+References+to+Philistines+or+Philistia&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20060516192340%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.dabar.org%2FDyke%2FPHILISTINES%2F250PhilistineTexts.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dig-gath.org">«Tell es-Safi/Gath Archaeological Project Website»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=Tell+es-Safi%2FGath+Archaeological+Project+Website&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dig-gath.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gath.wordpress.com">«Tell es-Safi/Gath Archaeological Project Blog»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=Tell+es-Safi%2FGath+Archaeological+Project+Blog&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgath.wordpress.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040814180456/http://www.courses.psu.edu/cams/cams400w_aek11/www/index.htm">«Penn State University - The Sea Peoples and the Philistines (link broken)»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=Penn+State+University+-+The+Sea+Peoples+and+the+Philistines+%28link+broken%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20040814180456%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.courses.psu.edu%2Fcams%2Fcams400w_aek11%2Fwww%2Findex.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phoenixdatasystems.com/goliath/contents.htm">«Neal Bierling, <i>Giving Goliath his Due: New Archaeological Light on the Philistines</i> (1992)»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=Neal+Bierling%2C+Giving+Goliath+his+Due%3A+New+Archaeological+Light+on+the+Philistines+%281992%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoenixdatasystems.com%2Fgoliath%2Fcontents.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">«<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Philistines" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Philistines">Philistines</a>». <i><a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Cat%C3%B3lica" title="Enciclopédia Católica">Enciclopédia Católica</a></i> (em inglês). 1913</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.atitle=Philistines&rft.btitle=Enciclop%C3%A9dia+Cat%C3%B3lica&rft.date=1913&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). «<a href="https://pt.wikisource.org/wiki/en:1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Philistines" class="extiw" title="s:en:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Philistines">Philistines</a>». <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (em inglês) <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_(edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_1911)" title="Encyclopædia Britannica (edição de 1911)">11.ª</a> ed. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a> (atualmente em <a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%ADnio_p%C3%BAblico" title="Domínio público">domínio público</a>)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.atitle=Philistines&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1911&rft.edition=11.%AA&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.+%28atualmente+em+dom%C3nio+p%C3%BAblico%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004095634/http://cojs.org/cojswiki/Ramesses_III_and_the_Philistines,_1175_BC">«The Center for Online Judaic Studies: Ramesses III and the Philistines, 1175 BC»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=The+Center+for+Online+Judaic+Studies%3A+Ramesses+III+and+the+Philistines%2C+1175+BC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20111004095634%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fcojs.org%2Fcojswiki%2FRamesses_III_and_the_Philistines%2C_1175_BC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=37&Issue=1&ArticleID=11">«Biblical Archaeology Review - Yavneh Yields Over a Hundred Philistine Cult Stands»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review+-+Yavneh+Yields+Over+a+Hundred+Philistine+Cult+Stands&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bib-arch.org%2Fbar%2Farticle.asp%3FPubID%3DBSBA%26Volume%3D37%26Issue%3D1%26ArticleID%3D11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phoenixdatasystems.com/goliath/contents.htm">«Neal Bierling. Giving Goliath His Due. New Archaeological Light on the Philistines»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AFilisteus&rft.btitle=Neal+Bierling.+Giving+Goliath+His+Due.+New+Archaeological+Light+on+the+Philistines&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoenixdatasystems.com%2Fgoliath%2Fcontents.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&oldid=68921626">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filisteus&oldid=68921626</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Filisteus" title="Categoria:Filisteus">Filisteus</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_ingl%C3%AAs-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(en)" title="Categoria:!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)">!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9_desde_outubro_de_2011" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde outubro de 2011">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde outubro de 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_de_hist%C3%B3ria_(M%C3%A9dio_Oriente)_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Categoria:!Artigos de história (Médio Oriente) que carecem de notas de rodapé">!Artigos de história (Médio Oriente) que carecem de notas de rodapé</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_com_liga%C3%A7%C3%B5es_precisando_de_desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Categoria:!Artigos com ligações precisando de desambiguação">!Artigos com ligações precisando de desambiguação</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9_desde_outubro_de_2023" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde outubro de 2023">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde outubro de 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9_desde_abril_de_2017" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde abril de 2017">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde abril de 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9_sem_indica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_tema" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé sem indicação de tema">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé sem indicação de tema</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_incorporam_texto_da_edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_1913_da_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Cat%C3%B3lica_com_refer%C3%AAncia_Wikisource" title="Categoria:!Artigos que incorporam texto da edição de 1913 da Enciclopédia Católica com referência Wikisource">!Artigos que incorporam texto da edição de 1913 da Enciclopédia Católica com referência Wikisource</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 16h52min de 1 de novembro de 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. 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