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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Displaying genomic data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Displaying_genomic_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_access_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_access_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alternative access methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_access_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Current species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_source/mirrors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensembl_projekt_genomskih_podataka" title="Ensembl projekt genomskih podataka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ensembl projekt genomskih podataka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensembl" title="Ensembl – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ensembl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensembl" title="Ensembl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ensembl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" 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آنسامبل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروژه پایگاه داده ژنوم آنسامبل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensembl" title="Ensembl – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ensembl" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensembl" title="Ensembl – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ensembl" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENSEMBL" title="ENSEMBL – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Scientific project at the European Bioinformatics Institute</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Ensembl genome database project.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ensembl_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ensembl_logo.png/70px-Ensembl_logo.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Ensembl_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="86" data-file-height="81" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png/300px-Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png/450px-Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png/600px-Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="439" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Content</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Description</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Ensembl</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Contact</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Research_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Research center">Research center</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Bioinformatics_Institute" title="European Bioinformatics Institute">European Bioinformatics Institute</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Primary citation</th><td class="infobox-data">Yates, <i>et al.</i> (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Yates2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yates2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Access</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/">www<wbr />.ensembl<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Ensembl genome database project</b> is a scientific project at the <a href="/wiki/European_Bioinformatics_Institute" title="European Bioinformatics Institute">European Bioinformatics Institute</a>, which provides a centralized resource for geneticists, molecular biologists and other researchers studying the <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genomes</a> of our own species and other <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">model organisms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Flicek1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flicek1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Flicek2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flicek2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ensembl is one of several well known <a href="/wiki/Genome_browser" title="Genome browser">genome browsers</a> for the retrieval of <a href="/wiki/Genomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Genomic">genomic</a> information. </p><p>Similar <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">databases</a> and browsers are found at <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> and <a href="/wiki/UCSC_Genome_Browser" title="UCSC Genome Browser">the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC)</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensembl_genome_database_project&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The human genome consists of three billion <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">base pairs</a>, which code for approximately 20,000–25,000 <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a>. However the genome alone is of little use, unless the locations and relationships of individual genes can be identified. One option is manual <a href="/wiki/Annotation" title="Annotation">annotation</a>, whereby a team of scientists tries to locate genes using experimental data from scientific journals and public databases. However this is a slow, painstaking task. The alternative, known as automated annotation, is to use the power of computers to do the complex <a href="/wiki/Pattern-matching" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattern-matching">pattern-matching</a> of <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> to <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ensembl project was launched in 1999 in response to the imminent completion of the <a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a>, with the initial goals of automatically annotate the human genome, integrate this annotation with available biological data and make all this knowledge publicly available.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Ensembl project, sequence data are fed into the gene annotation system (a collection of software "pipelines" written in <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>) which creates a set of predicted gene locations and saves them in a <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> database for subsequent analysis and display. Ensembl makes these data freely accessible to the world research community. All the data and code produced by the Ensembl project is available to download,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there is also a publicly accessible database server allowing remote access. In addition, the Ensembl website provides computer-generated visual displays of much of the data. </p><p>Over time the project has expanded to include additional species (including key <a href="/wiki/Model_organisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Model organisms">model organisms</a> such as <a href="/wiki/House_mouse" title="House mouse">mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster" title="Drosophila melanogaster">fruitfly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zebrafish" title="Zebrafish">zebrafish</a>) as well as a wider range of genomic data, including <a href="/wiki/Genetic_variation" title="Genetic variation">genetic variations</a> and regulatory features. Since April 2009, a sister project, <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_Genomes" title="Ensembl Genomes">Ensembl Genomes</a>, has extended the scope of Ensembl into invertebrate <a href="/wiki/Metazoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Metazoa">metazoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Plants">plants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Protists" class="mw-redirect" title="Protists">protists</a>, focusing on providing taxonomic and evolutionary context to genes, whilst the original project continues to focus on vertebrates.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2020, Ensembl supported over 50 000 genomes across both Ensembl and Ensembl Genomes databases, adding some new innovative features such as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rapid.ensembl.org/index.html">Rapid Release</a>, a new website designed to make genome annotation data available more quickly to users, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://covid-19.ensembl.org/index.html">COVID-19</a>, a new website to access to <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a> reference genome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Displaying_genomic_data">Displaying genomic data</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensembl_genome_database_project&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Displaying genomic data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png/220px-Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png/330px-Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png/440px-Ensembl_release58_sgcb_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Gene <a href="/wiki/SGCB" title="SGCB">SGCB</a> aligned to the human genome</figcaption></figure> <p>Central to the Ensembl concept is the ability to automatically generate graphical views of the alignment of genes and other genomic data against a <a href="/wiki/Reference_genome" title="Reference genome">reference genome</a>. These are shown as data tracks, and individual tracks can be turned on and off, allowing the user to customise the display to suit their research interests. The interface also enables the user to zoom in to a region or move along the genome in either direction. </p><p>Other displays show data at varying levels of resolution, from whole <a href="/wiki/Karyotype" title="Karyotype">karyotypes</a> down to text-based representations of DNA and <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</a> sequences, or present other types of display such as <a href="/wiki/Trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Trees">trees</a> of similar genes (<a href="/wiki/Homology_(biology)" title="Homology (biology)">homologues</a>) across a range of species. The graphics are complemented by tabular displays, and in many cases data can be exported directly from the page in a variety of standard file formats such as <a href="/wiki/FASTA_format" title="FASTA format">FASTA</a>. </p><p>Externally produced data can also be added to the display by uploading a suitable file in one of the supported formats, such as <a href="/wiki/BAM_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="BAM (file format)">BAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/BAM_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="BAM (file format)">BED</a>, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=PSL_(file_format)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSL (file format) (page does not exist)">PSL</a>. </p><p>Graphics are generated using a suite of custom Perl modules based on <a href="/wiki/GD_Graphics_Library" title="GD Graphics Library">GD</a>, the standard Perl graphics display library. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_access_methods">Alternative access methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensembl_genome_database_project&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alternative access methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to its website, Ensembl provides a REST <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> and a Perl <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a><sup id="cite_ref-Perl_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perl-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Application Programming Interface) that models biological objects such as genes and proteins, allowing simple <a href="/wiki/Script_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Script (computing)">scripts</a> to be written to retrieve data of interest. The same API is used internally by the web interface to display the data. It is divided in sections like the core API, the compara API (for <a href="/wiki/Comparative_genomics" title="Comparative genomics">comparative genomics</a> data), the variation API (for accessing SNPs, SNVs, CNVs..), and the functional genomics API (to access regulatory data). The Ensembl website provides extensive information on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/api/index.html">how to install and use the API</a>. </p><p>This software can be used to access the public <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> database, avoiding the need to download enormous datasets. The users could even choose to retrieve data from the MySQL with direct SQL queries, but this requires an extensive knowledge of the current database schema. </p><p>Large datasets can be retrieved using the <a href="/wiki/BioMart" title="BioMart">BioMart</a> data-mining tool. It provides a web interface for downloading datasets using complex queries. </p><p>Last, there is an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.ensembl.org/">FTP</a> server which can be used to download entire MySQL databases as well some selected data sets in other formats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_species">Current species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensembl_genome_database_project&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Current species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The annotated genomes include most fully sequenced vertebrates and selected model organisms. All of them are eukaryotes, there are no prokaryotes. As of 2022, there are 271 species registered, this includes:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Species </caption> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="14"><b><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="8"><b><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Euarchontoglires" title="Euarchontoglires">Euarchontoglires</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Primates" class="mw-redirect" title="Primates">Primates</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angola_colobus" title="Angola colobus">Angola colobus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black-capped_squirrel_monkey" title="Black-capped squirrel monkey">black-capped squirrel monkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_snub-nosed_monkey" title="Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey">black snub-nosed monkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">bonobo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_greater_galago" title="Northern greater galago">bushbaby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panamanian_white-faced_capuchin" title="Panamanian white-faced capuchin">capuchin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_marmoset" title="Common marmoset">common marmoset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coquerel%27s_sifaka" title="Coquerel's sifaka">Coquerel's sifaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_macaque" title="Crab-eating macaque">crab-eating macaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drill_(animal)" title="Drill (animal)">drill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhesus_macaque" title="Rhesus macaque">macaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_mouse_lemur" title="Gray mouse lemur">mouse lemur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelada" title="Gelada">gelada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">gibbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_snub-nosed_monkey" title="Golden snub-nosed monkey">golden snub-nosed monkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_bamboo_lemur" title="Greater bamboo lemur">greater bamboo lemur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_monkey" title="Green monkey">green monkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Ma%27s_night_monkey" title="Nancy Ma's night monkey">Ma's night monkey</a>, olive <a href="/wiki/Baboon" title="Baboon">baboon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pig-tailed_macaque" title="Pig-tailed macaque">pig-tailed macaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sooty_mangabey" title="Sooty mangabey">sooty mangabey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_tarsier" title="Philippine tarsier">tarsier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ugandan_red_colobus" title="Ugandan red colobus">Ugandan red colobus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Scandentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandentia">Scandentia</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tree_shrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree shrew">tree shrew</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Glires" title="Glires">Glires</a> (Rodents + Lagomorphs)</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algerian_mouse" title="Algerian mouse">Algerian mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpine_marmot" title="Alpine marmot">alpine marmot</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_American_beaver" title="North American beaver">american beaver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_ground_squirrel" title="Arctic ground squirrel">arctic ground squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_guinea_pig" title="Brazilian guinea pig">Brazilian guineapig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_hamster" title="Chinese hamster">chinese hamster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damaraland_mole-rat" title="Damaraland mole-rat">damaraland mole rat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daurian_ground_squirrel" title="Daurian ground squirrel">daurian ground squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_degu" title="Common degu">degu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_squirrel" title="Red squirrel">eurasian red squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_hamster" title="Golden hamster">golden hamster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thirteen-lined_ground_squirrel" title="Thirteen-lined ground squirrel">ground squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavia_porcellus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavia porcellus">guineapig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dipodomys_ordii" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipodomys ordii">kangaroo rat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Egyptian_jerboa" title="Lesser Egyptian jerboa">lesser Egyptian jerboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_chinchilla" title="Long-tailed chinchilla">long-tailed chinchilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_gerbil" title="Mongolian gerbil">mongolian gerbil</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_mouse" title="House mouse">mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naked_mole-rat" title="Naked mole-rat">naked mole-rat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_deer_mouse" title="Eastern deer mouse">North American deermouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_rat" title="Brown rat">rat</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_pika" title="American pika">pika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prairie_vole" title="Prairie vole">prairie vole</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_rabbit" title="European rabbit">rabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_mouse" title="Ryukyu mouse">Ryukyu mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gairdner%27s_shrewmouse" title="Gairdner's shrewmouse">shrew mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steppe_mouse" title="Steppe mouse">steppe mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thirteen-lined_ground_squirrel" title="Thirteen-lined ground squirrel">thirteen-lined ground squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nannospalax" title="Nannospalax">Upper Galilee mountains blind mole rat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">Alpaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">american bison</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">american black bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">american mink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dromedary" title="Dromedary">Arabian camel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">asian black bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chacoan_peccary" title="Chacoan peccary">chacoan peccary</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow">cow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">dolphin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">domestic yak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">ferret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">giant panda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_horseshoe_bat" title="Greater horseshoe bat">greater horseshoe bat</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_European_hedgehog" class="mw-redirect" title="West European hedgehog">hedgehog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_hedgehog_tenrec" title="Lesser hedgehog tenrec">lesser hedgehog tenrec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">meerkat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flying_fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying fox">megabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_brown_bat" title="Little brown bat">microbat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">narwhal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_shrew" title="Common shrew">shrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberian_musk_deer" title="Siberian musk deer">Siberian musk deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberian_tiger" title="Siberian tiger">Siberian tiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaquita" title="Vaquita">vaquita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_yak" title="Wild yak">wild yak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarkand_deer" title="Yarkand deer">yarkand deer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Afrotheria" title="Afrotheria">Afrotheria</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/African_bush_elephant" title="African bush elephant">Elephant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_hyrax" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape hyrax">hyrax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenrec" title="Tenrec">tenrec</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Xenarthra" title="Xenarthra">Xenarthra</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nine-banded_armadillo" title="Nine-banded armadillo">Armadillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sloth" title="Sloth">sloth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Marsupialia" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsupialia">Marsupialia</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_wombat" title="Common wombat">Common wombat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koala" title="Koala">koala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_short-tailed_opossum" title="Gray short-tailed opossum">opossum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_devil" title="Tasmanian devil">Tasmanian devil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tammar_wallaby" title="Tammar wallaby">wallaby</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Monotremes" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotremes">Monotremes</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Platypus" title="Platypus">Platypus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentine_black_and_white_tegu" title="Argentine black and white tegu">Argentine black and white tegu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue-lipped_sea_krait" title="Blue-lipped sea krait">blue-ringed sea krait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_bearded_dragon" title="Central bearded dragon">central bearded dragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_softshell_turtle" title="Chinese softshell turtle">chinese softshell turtle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_snapping_turtle" title="Common snapping turtle">common snapping turtle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podarcis_muralis" title="Podarcis muralis">common wall lizard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desert_tortoise" title="Desert tortoise">desert tortoise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_brown_snake" title="Eastern brown snake">eastern brown snake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saltwater_crocodile" title="Saltwater crocodile">saltwater crocodile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goode%27s_thornscrub_tortoise" title="Goode's thornscrub tortoise">Goode's thornscrub tortoise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anolis_carolinensis" title="Anolis carolinensis">green anole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_cobra" title="Indian cobra">indian cobra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komodo_dragon" title="Komodo dragon">komodo dragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiger_snake" title="Tiger snake">mainland tiger snake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painted_turtle" title="Painted turtle">painted turtle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinta_Island_tortoise" title="Pinta Island tortoise">Pinta Island tortoise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Three-toed_box_turtle" title="Three-toed box turtle">three-toed box turtle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuatara" title="Tuatara">tuatara</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_African_mud_turtle" title="West African mud turtle">West African mud turtle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Birds</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_African_ostrich" title="South African ostrich">African ostrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_finch" title="Society finch">bengalese finch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue-crowned_manakin" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-crowned manakin">blue-crowned manakin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_blue_tit" title="Eurasian blue tit">blue tit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budgerigar" title="Budgerigar">budgerigar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burrowing_owl" title="Burrowing owl">burrowing owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_junglefowl" title="Red junglefowl">chicken (Red junglefowl)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_junglefowl" title="Red junglefowl">chicken (maternal Broiler)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_junglefowl" title="Red junglefowl">chicken (paternal White leghorn layer)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chilean_tinamou" title="Chilean tinamou">chilean tinamou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collared_flycatcher" title="Collared flycatcher">colared flycatcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_canary" title="Domestic canary">common canary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_kestrel" title="Common kestrel">common kestrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dark-eyed_junco" title="Dark-eyed junco">dark-eyed junco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">duck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_buzzard" title="Eastern buzzard">eastern buzzard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_spot-billed_duck" title="Eastern spot-billed duck">eastern spot-billed duck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">emu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_eagle-owl" title="Eurasian eagle-owl">eurasian eagle-owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_sparrowhawk" title="Eurasian sparrowhawk">eurasian sparrowhawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_pheasant" title="Golden pheasant">golden pheasant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden-collared_manakin" title="Golden-collared manakin">golden-collared manakin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gouldian_finch" title="Gouldian finch">gouldian finch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_tit" title="Great tit">great tit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_spotted_kiwi" title="Great spotted kiwi">great spotted kiwi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helmeted_guineafowl" title="Helmeted guineafowl">helmeted guineafowl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_peafowl" title="Indian peafowl">indian peafowl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_quail" title="Japanese quail">japanese quail</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81k%C4%81p%C5%8D" title="Kākāpō">kakapo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_spotted_kiwi" title="Little spotted kiwi">little spotted kiwi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mallard" title="Mallard">mallard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medium_ground_finch" title="Medium ground finch">medium ground finch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscovy_duck" title="Muscovy duck">muscovy duck</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonian_crow" title="New Caledonian crow">New Caledonian crow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_spotted_owl" title="Northern spotted owl">northern spotted owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Okarito_kiwi" title="Okarito kiwi">okarito brown kiwi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_scops_owl" title="Oriental scops owl">oriental scops owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pink-footed_goose" title="Pink-footed goose">pink-footed goose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_pheasant" title="Common pheasant">ring-necked pheasant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruff_(bird)" title="Ruff (bird)">ruff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rufous-capped_babbler" title="Rufous-capped babbler">rufous-capped babbler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silvereye" title="Silvereye">silver-eye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Small_tree_finch" title="Small tree finch">small tree finch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spoon-billed_sandpiper" title="Spoon-billed sandpiper">spoon-billed sandpiper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superb_fairywren" title="Superb fairywren">superb fairywren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swainson%27s_thrush" title="Swainson's thrush">Swainson's thrush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swan_goose" title="Swan goose">swan goose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey_(bird)" title="Turkey (bird)">turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-throated_sparrow" title="White-throated sparrow">white-throated sparrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellow-billed_amazon" title="Yellow-billed amazon">yellow-billed amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zebu" title="Zebu">zebu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zebra_finch" title="Zebra finch">zebra finch</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lissamphibia" title="Lissamphibia">Lissamphibia</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leptobrachium_leishanense" title="Leptobrachium leishanense">Leisan spiny toad</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Western_clawed_frog" title="Western clawed frog">Xenopus tropicalis</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teleost" title="Teleost"><b>Teleosts</b></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amazon_molly" title="Amazon molly">Amazon molly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_arowana" title="Asian arowana">asian arowana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">atlantic cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_herring" title="Atlantic herring">atlantic herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">atlantic salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballan_wrasse" title="Ballan wrasse">ballan wrasse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barramundi" title="Barramundi">barramundi perch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stegastes_partitus" title="Stegastes partitus">bicolor damselfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinocyclocheilus_anshuiensis" title="Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis">blind barbel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oreochromis_aureus" title="Oreochromis aureus">blue tilapia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blunt-snouted_clingfish" title="Blunt-snouted clingfish">blunt-snouted clingfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_trout" title="Brown trout">brown trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astatotilapia_burtoni" title="Astatotilapia burtoni">Burton's mouthbrooder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cottoperca" title="Cottoperca">channel bull blenny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Channel_catfish" title="Channel catfish">channel catfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_rice_fish" title="Chinese rice fish">chinese rmedaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinook_salmon" title="Chinook salmon">chinook salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anabas_testudineus" title="Anabas testudineus">climbing perch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphiprioninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphiprioninae">clown anemonefish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coelacanth" title="Coelacanth">coelacanth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coho_salmon" title="Coho salmon">coho salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian carp">common carp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denticle_herring" title="Denticle herring">denticle herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astatotilapia_calliptera" title="Astatotilapia calliptera">eastern happy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electric_eel" title="Electric eel">electric eel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_ghostshark" title="Australian ghostshark">elephant shark</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="European bass">european bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilt-head_bream" title="Gilt-head bream">gilthead bream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden-line_barbel" title="Golden-line barbel">golden-line barbel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goldfish" title="Goldfish">goldfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_amberjack" title="Greater amberjack">greater amberjack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guppy" title="Guppy">guppy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinocyclocheilus_rhinocerous" title="Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous">horned golden-line barbel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huchen" title="Huchen">huchen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parambassis_ranga" title="Parambassis ranga">indian glassy fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oryzias_melastigma" title="Oryzias melastigma">indian medaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_rice_fish" title="Japanese rice fish">japanese medaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_rice_fish" title="Japanese rice fish">javanese ricefish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salarias_fasciatus" title="Salarias fasciatus">jewelled blenny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larimichthys_crocea" title="Larimichthys crocea">large yellow croaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Live_sharksucker" title="Live sharksucker">live sharksucker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyclopteridae" title="Cyclopteridae">lumpfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neolamprologus_brichardi" title="Neolamprologus brichardi">lyretail cichlid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pundamilia" title="Pundamilia">Makobe island chichlid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangrove_rivulus" title="Mangrove rivulus">mangrove rivulus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_tetra" title="Mexican tetra">mexican tetra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphilophus_citrinellus" title="Amphilophus citrinellus">Midas chichlid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monterrey_platyfish" title="Monterrey platyfish">Monterrey platyfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mummichog" title="Mummichog">mummichog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nile_tilapia" title="Nile tilapia">Nile tilapia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_pike" title="Northern pike">northern pike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_sunfish" title="Ocean sunfish">ocean sunfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_clownfish" title="Orange clownfish">orange clownfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sphaeramia_orbicularis" title="Sphaeramia orbicularis">orbiculate cardinalfish</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramormyrops_kingsleyae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramormyrops kingsleyae (page does not exist)">Paramormyrops kingsleyae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periophthalmus_magnuspinnatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus (page does not exist)">Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Zander" title="Zander">pike-perch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myripristis_murdjan" title="Myripristis murdjan">pinecone soldierfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_platyfish" title="Southern platyfish">platyfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">rainbow trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red-bellied_piranha" title="Red-bellied piranha">red-bellied piranha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reedfish" title="Reedfish">reedfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Round_goby" title="Round goby">round goby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sailfin_molly" title="Sailfin molly">sailfin molly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheepshead_minnow" title="Sheepshead minnow">sheepshead minnow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poecilia_mexicana" title="Poecilia mexicana">shortfin molly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siamese_fighting_fish" title="Siamese fighting fish">Siamese fighting fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spiny_chromis" title="Spiny chromis">spinny chromis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotted_gar" title="Spotted gar">spotted gar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swamp_eel" title="Swamp eel">swamp eel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dichotomyctere_nigroviridis" title="Dichotomyctere nigroviridis">tetraodon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Three-spined_stickleback" title="Three-spined stickleback">three-spined stickleback</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiger_tail_seahorse" title="Tiger tail seahorse">tiger tail seahorse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_semilaevis" title="Cynoglossus semilaevis">tongue sole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">turbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nothobranchius_furzeri" title="Nothobranchius furzeri">turquoise killfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosquitofish" title="Mosquitofish">western mosquitofish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellowtail_amberjack" title="Yellowtail amberjack">yellowtail amberjack</a>, <i>Takifugu rubripes</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fugu" title="Fugu">fugu</a>), <a href="/wiki/Zebrafish" title="Zebrafish">zebrafish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zebra_mbuna" title="Zebra mbuna">zebra mbuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zig-zag_eel" title="Zig-zag eel">zigzag eel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cyclostomata" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclostomata">Cyclostomata</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>Petromyzon marinus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sea_lamprey" title="Sea lamprey">sea lamprey</a>), hagfish </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tunicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicates">Tunicates</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ciona_intestinalis" title="Ciona intestinalis">Ciona intestinalis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ciona_savignyi" title="Ciona savignyi">Ciona savignyi</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">Invertebrates</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insects</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster" title="Drosophila melanogaster">Drosophila melanogaster</a></i> (fruitfly), <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> (mosquito), <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (mosquito) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Worm" title="Worm">Worms</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans" title="Caenorhabditis elegans">Caenorhabditis elegans</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">Yeast</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a></i> (baker's yeast) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Open_source/mirrors"><span id="Open_source.2Fmirrors"></span>Open source/mirrors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensembl_genome_database_project&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Open source/mirrors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All data part of the Ensembl project is open access and all software is open source, being freely available to the scientific community, under a <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a> license. Currently, Ensembl database website is mirrored at three different locations worldwide to improve the service. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Official mirror sites </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ensembl.org/index.html">UK (Sanger Institute)</a> ---- main website </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://useast.ensembl.org/index.html">US East (Amazon AWS)</a> ---- Cloud-based mirror on East Coast of United States </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.ensembl.org/index.html">Asia (Amazon AWS)</a> ---- Cloud-based mirror in Singapore </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensembl_genome_database_project&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sequenced_eukaryotic_genomes" title="List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes">List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biological_databases" title="List of biological databases">List of biological databases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_analysis" title="Sequence analysis">Sequence analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_profiling_tool" title="Sequence profiling tool">Sequence profiling tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_motif" title="Sequence motif">Sequence motif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCSC_Genome_Browser" title="UCSC Genome Browser">UCSC Genome Browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENCODE" title="ENCODE">ENCODE</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensembl_genome_database_project&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Yates2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yates2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bioinformatics" title="Template:Bioinformatics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bioinformatics" title="Template talk:Bioinformatics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bioinformatics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bioinformatics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bioinformatics348" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Databases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sequence databases: <a href="/wiki/GenBank" title="GenBank">GenBank</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Nucleotide_Archive" title="European Nucleotide Archive">European Nucleotide Archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/DNA_Data_Bank_of_Japan" title="DNA Data Bank of Japan">DNA Data Bank of Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/China_National_GeneBank" title="China National GeneBank">China National GeneBank</a></li> <li>Secondary databases: <a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>, database of protein sequences grouping together <a href="/wiki/UniProt#UniProtKB.2FSwiss-Prot" title="UniProt">Swiss-Prot</a>, <a href="/wiki/UniProt#UniProtKB.2FTrEMBL" title="UniProt">TrEMBL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protein_Information_Resource" title="Protein Information Resource">Protein Information Resource</a></li> <li>Other databases: <a href="/wiki/BioNumbers" title="BioNumbers">BioNumbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">Protein Data Bank</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ensembl</a>, <a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>, <a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene Ontology</a></li> <li>Specialised genomic databases: <a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_Genome_Database" title="Saccharomyces Genome Database">Saccharomyces Genome Database</a>, <a href="/wiki/FlyBase" title="FlyBase">FlyBase</a>, <a href="/wiki/VectorBase" title="VectorBase">VectorBase</a>, <a href="/wiki/WormBase" title="WormBase">WormBase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rat_Genome_Database" title="Rat Genome Database">Rat Genome Database</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHI-base" title="PHI-base">PHI-base</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Arabidopsis_Information_Resource" title="The Arabidopsis Information Resource">Arabidopsis Information Resource</a>, <a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">GISAID</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zebrafish_Information_Network" title="Zebrafish Information Network">Zebrafish Information Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BLAST_(biotechnology)" title="BLAST (biotechnology)">BLAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowtie_(sequence_analysis)" title="Bowtie (sequence analysis)">Bowtie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clustal" title="Clustal">Clustal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMBOSS" title="EMBOSS">EMBOSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMMER" title="HMMER">HMMER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUSCLE_(alignment_software)" title="MUSCLE (alignment software)">MUSCLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_Assignment_of_Named_Global_Outbreak_Lineages" title="Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages">PANGOLIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAMtools" title="SAMtools">SAMtools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Oligonucleotide_Analysis_Package" title="Short Oligonucleotide Analysis Package">SOAP suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TopHat_(bioinformatics)" title="TopHat (bioinformatics)">TopHat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Server: <a href="/wiki/ExPASy" class="mw-redirect" title="ExPASy">ExPASy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_(education_platform)" title="Rosalind (education platform)">Rosalind (education platform)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Institute" title="Broad Institute">Broad Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_Biology_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Computational Biology Department">Computational Biology Department</a> (CBD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COSBI" title="COSBI">Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology</a> (COSBI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_Center_for_Life_Science" title="Database Center for Life Science">Database Center for Life Science</a> (DBCLS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_Data_Bank_of_Japan" title="DNA Data Bank of Japan">DNA Data Bank of Japan</a> (DDBJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Bioinformatics_Institute" title="European Bioinformatics Institute">European Bioinformatics Institute</a> (EMBL-EBI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Molecular_Biology_Laboratory" title="European Molecular Biology Laboratory">European Molecular Biology Laboratory</a> (EMBL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatiron_Institute" title="Flatiron Institute">Flatiron Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Craig_Venter_Institute" title="J. Craig Venter Institute">J. Craig Venter Institute</a> (JCVI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Molecular_Cell_Biology_and_Genetics" title="Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics">Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics</a> (MPI-CBG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">US National Center for Biotechnology Information</a> (NCBI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Genetics" title="National Institute of Genetics">Japanese Institute of Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Bioinformatics_Centre" title="Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre">Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre</a> (NBIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Genome_Center" title="Philippine Genome Center">Philippine Genome Center</a> (PGC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_Research" title="Scripps Research">Scripps Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Institute_of_Bioinformatics" title="Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics</a> (SIB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Sanger_Institute" title="Wellcome Sanger Institute">Wellcome Sanger Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehead_Institute" title="Whitehead Institute">Whitehead Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Society_for_Bioinformatics_and_Computational_Biology" title="African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology">African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology</a> (ASBCB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_Bioinformatics_Resource" title="Australia Bioinformatics Resource">Australia Bioinformatics Resource</a> (EMBL-AR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMBnet" title="EMBnet">European Molecular Biology network</a> (EMBnet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Nucleotide_Sequence_Database_Collaboration" title="International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration">International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration</a> (INSDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Biocuration" title="International Society for Biocuration">International Society for Biocuration</a> (ISB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Computational_Biology" title="International Society for Computational Biology">International Society for Computational Biology</a> (ISCB) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Computational_Biology_Student_Council" title="International Society for Computational Biology Student Council">Student Council</a> (ISCB-SC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Genomics_and_Integrative_Biology" title="Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology">Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology</a> (CSIR-IGIB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Society_for_Bioinformatics" title="Japanese Society for Bioinformatics">Japanese Society for Bioinformatics</a> (JSBi)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basel_Computational_Biology_Conference" title="Basel Computational Biology Conference">Basel Computational Biology Conference‎</a> ([BC<sup>2</sup>])</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conference_on_Computational_Biology" title="European Conference on Computational Biology">European Conference on Computational Biology</a> (ECCB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Systems_for_Molecular_Biology" title="Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology">Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology</a> (ISMB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Bioinformatics" title="International Conference on Bioinformatics">International Conference on Bioinformatics</a> (InCoB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Computational_Intelligence_Methods_for_Bioinformatics_and_Biostatistics" title="International Conference on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics">International Conference on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics</a> (CIBB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISCB_Africa_ASBCB_Conference_on_Bioinformatics" title="ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics">ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Symposium_on_Biocomputing" title="Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing">Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing</a> (PSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_in_Computational_Molecular_Biology" title="Research in Computational Molecular Biology">Research in Computational Molecular Biology</a> (RECOMB)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CRAM_(file_format)" title="CRAM (file format)">CRAM format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTA_format" title="FASTA format">FASTA format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTQ_format" title="FASTQ format">FASTQ format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXML_format" title="NeXML format">NeXML format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_file" title="Nexus file">Nexus format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pileup_format" title="Pileup format">Pileup format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAM_(file_format)" title="SAM (file format)">SAM format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_format" title="Stockholm format">Stockholm format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_Call_Format" title="Variant Call Format">VCF format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_feature_format" title="General feature format">GFF format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_transfer_format" title="Gene transfer format">GTF format</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computational_biology" title="Computational biology">Computational biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biobanks" title="List of biobanks">List of biobanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biological_databases" title="List of biological databases">List of biological databases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetics" title="Molecular phylogenetics">Molecular phylogenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequencing" title="Sequencing">Sequencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_database" title="Sequence database">Sequence database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_alignment" title="Sequence alignment">Sequence alignment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bioinformatics" title="Category:Bioinformatics">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bioinformatics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bioinformatics">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wellcome_Trust281" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wellcome_Trust" title="Template:Wellcome Trust"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wellcome_Trust" title="Template talk:Wellcome Trust"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wellcome_Trust" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wellcome Trust"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wellcome_Trust281" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Centres and institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick_Institute" title="Francis Crick Institute">Francis Crick Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdon_Institute" title="Gurdon Institute">Gurdon Institute</a></li> <li>Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Learning_Centres" title="Science Learning Centres">Science Learning Centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust_Centre_for_Cell-Matrix_Research" title="Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research">WTC for Cell-Matrix Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust_Centre_for_Gene_Regulation_and_Expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression">WTC for Gene Regulation and Expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust_Centre_for_Human_Genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics">WTC for Human Genetics</a></li> <li>WTC for Mitochondrial Research</li> <li>WTC for Molecular Parasitology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust_Centre_for_Neuroimaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging">WTC for Neuroimaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust_Centre_for_Stem_Cell_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research">WTC for Stem Cell Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Sanger_Institute" title="Wellcome Sanger Institute">Wellcome Sanger Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust_Centre_for_the_History_of_Medicine" title="Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine">Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Research_Laboratories" title="Wellcome Research Laboratories">Wellcome Research Laboratories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wellcome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wellcome.jpg/180px-Wellcome.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wellcome.jpg/270px-Wellcome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wellcome.jpg/360px-Wellcome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Projects and facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1000_Genomes_Project" title="1000 Genomes Project">1000 Genomes Project</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Picture_(magazine)" title="Big Picture (magazine)">Big Picture</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Biomedical_Campus" title="Cambridge Biomedical Campus">Cambridge Biomedical Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_Genome_Project" title="Cancer Genome Project">Cancer Genome Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COSMIC_cancer_database" title="COSMIC cancer database">COSMIC cancer database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECIPHER" title="DECIPHER">DECIPHER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Light_Source" title="Diamond Light Source">Diamond Light Source</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ELife" title="ELife">eLife</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmcare" title="Farmcare">Farmcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genome_Reference_Consortium" title="Genome Reference Consortium">Genome Reference Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawi_Liverpool_Wellcome_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust (page does not exist)">Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEROPS" title="MEROPS">MEROPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rfam" title="Rfam">Rfam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Biobank" title="UK Biobank">UK Biobank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Collection" title="Wellcome Collection">Wellcome Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Genome_Campus" title="Wellcome Genome Campus">Wellcome Genome Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Library" title="Wellcome Library">Wellcome Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WormBase" title="WormBase">WormBase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Board of governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Manningham-Buller" title="Eliza Manningham-Buller">Eliza Manningham-Buller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ferguson_(biochemist)" title="Michael Ferguson (biochemist)">Michael Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Bonhoeffer" title="Tobias Bonhoeffer">Tobias Bonhoeffer</a></li> <li>Alan Brown</li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24716612" class="extiw" title="d:Q24716612">William Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Grenfell" title="Bryan Grenfell">Bryan Grenfell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naguib_Kheraj" title="Naguib Kheraj">Naguib Kheraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Powrie" title="Fiona Powrie">Fiona Powrie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Executive leadership team</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Farrar" title="Jeremy Farrar">Jeremy Farrar</a></li> <li>Chris Bird</li> <li>Stephen Caddick</li> <li>Simon Chaplin</li> <li>Alyson Fox</li> <li>Peter Pereira Gray</li> <li>Mark Henderson</li> <li>Chonnettia Jones</li> <li>Tim Livett</li> <li>Nick Moakes</li> <li>Kathy Poole</li> <li>Jim Smith</li> <li>James Thomas</li> <li>Ed Whiting</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Former directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Williams_(physician)" title="Peter Williams (physician)">Peter Williams</a> (1965–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_Ogilvie" title="Bridget Ogilvie">Bridget Ogilvie</a> (1991–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dexter" title="Michael Dexter">Michael Dexter</a> (1998–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Walport" title="Mark Walport">Mark Walport</a> (2003–2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Buffini" title="Damon Buffini">Damon Buffini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Castell" title="William Castell">William Castell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Cadbury" title="Dominic Cadbury">Dominic Cadbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Cook_(medical_historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Cook (medical historian)">Harold Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Davies" title="Kay Davies">Kay Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Franks,_Baron_Franks" title="Oliver Franks, Baron Franks">Oliver Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Gibbs" title="Roger Gibbs">Roger Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hynes" title="Richard Hynes">Richard Hynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Mandall_Johnson" title="Anne Mandall Johnson">Anne Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Porter" title="Roy Porter">Roy Porter</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165217" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165217">Peter Rigby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Steel_(businessman)" title="David Steel (businessman)">David Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ian_Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="David Ian Stuart">David Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">John Sulston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wellcome" title="Henry Wellcome">Henry Wellcome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Awards and fellowships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Capital Awards</li> <li>Collaborative Awards in Science</li> <li>Investigator Awards in Science</li> <li>Institutional Strategic Support Fund</li> <li>Science Strategic Award</li> <li>Sir Henry Dale <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellowship</a></li> <li>Sir Henry Wellcome <a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_researcher" title="Postdoctoral researcher">Postdoctoral</a> Fellowship</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Book_Prize" title="Wellcome Book Prize">Wellcome Book Prize</a></li> <li>Wellcome Image Awards</li> <li>Wellcome Trust Centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust_Principal_Research_Fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow">Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow</a></li> <li>Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wellcome_Trust" title="Category:Wellcome 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