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title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-形态结构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形态结构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>形态结构</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-形态结构-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关形态结构子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-形态结构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-重量" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重量"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>重量</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-颜色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#颜色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>颜色</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-颜色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-位置" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#位置"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>位置</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-位置-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-血液供应" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#血液供应"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>血液供应</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-血液供应-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-组织学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#组织学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>组织学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-组织学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-體表解剖學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#體表解剖學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>體表解剖學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-體表解剖學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-功能性解剖學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#功能性解剖學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>功能性解剖學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-功能性解剖學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-肝臟的血液供應" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#肝臟的血液供應"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>肝臟的血液供應</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-肝臟的血液供應-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生理學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生理學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>生理學</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生理學-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生理學子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生理學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-合成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#合成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>合成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-合成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分解" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分解"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>分解</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分解-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他功能" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他功能"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>其他功能</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他功能-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-疾病" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疾病"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>疾病</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疾病-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-肝臟移植" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#肝臟移植"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>肝臟移植</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-肝臟移植-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他动物的肝" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他动物的肝"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>其他动物的肝</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他动物的肝-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-食品" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#食品"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>食品</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-食品-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关食品子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-食品-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中毒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中毒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>中毒</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中毒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-圖片集" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#圖片集"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>圖片集</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-圖片集-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">肝臟</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。176种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewer" title="Lewer – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lewer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber" title="Leber – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Leber" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%89%E1%89%A0%E1%89%B5" title="ጉበት – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጉበት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figado" title="Figado – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Figado" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifere" title="Lifere – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lifere" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="كبد – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كبد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%92%DC%95%DC%90" title="ܟܒܕܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܒܕܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="كبد – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كبد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A7%8E" title="যকৃৎ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="যকৃৎ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9gadu" title="Fégadu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fégadu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskon" title="Oskon – 阿提卡米克语" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Oskon" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="阿提卡米克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BB" title="ТӀул – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ТӀул" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27iwcha" title="K'iwcha – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="K'iwcha" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraciy%C9%99r" title="Qaraciyər – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaraciyər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="باغیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باغیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Бауыр – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бауыр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeknas" title="Jeknas – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jeknas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoy" title="Katoy – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Katoy" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay" title="Atay – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Atay" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Печань – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Печань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Печань – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Печань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati" title="Ati – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ati" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Черен дроб – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Черен дроб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A7%8E" title="যকৃৎ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যকৃৎ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="མཆེར་པ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མཆེར་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avu" title="Avu – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Avu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Эльгэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эльгэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetge" title="Fetge – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fetge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%83ng-c%C3%A2ung" title="Găng-câung – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Găng-câung" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%85" title="ДоӀах – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ДоӀах" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay_(anatomiya)" title="Atay (anatomiya) – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Atay (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="جەرگ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1tra" title="Játra – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Játra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пĕвер – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕвер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afu" title="Afu – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber" title="Leber – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kezebe" title="Kezebe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kezebe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%AD" title="ފުރަމޭ – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފުރަމޭ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81" title="Ήπαρ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ήπαρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9gghet" title="Fégghet – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Fégghet" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver" title="Liver – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Liver" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepato" title="Hepato – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hepato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADgado" title="Hígado – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hígado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maks" title="Maks – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibel" title="Gibel – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gibel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="کبد – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کبد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksa" title="Maksa – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maksa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yate" title="Yate – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Yate" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foie" title="Foie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Foie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ae" title="Ae – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ae" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwa" title="Fwa – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fwa" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B9than" title="Grùthan – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Grùthan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADgado" title="Fígado – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fígado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dgado" title="Ígado – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ígado" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4n-chh%C3%B3ng" title="Kôn-chhóng – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kôn-chhóng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%93" title="כבד – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כבד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4" title="यकृत – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यकृत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareja" title="Kareja – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kareja" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwa_(%C3%B2gan)" title="Fwa (ògan) – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fwa (ògan)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1j" title="Máj – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Máj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Լյարդ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյարդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Լեարդ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լեարդ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficato" title="Ficato – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ficato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati" title="Hati – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalem" title="Dalem – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Dalem" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepato" title="Hepato – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hepato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifur" title="Lifur – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lifur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fegato" title="Fegato – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fegato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%93" title="肝臓 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="肝臓" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati" title="Ati – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ati" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ღვიძლი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ღვიძლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%94y%C9%9B" title="Hɔyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hɔyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati" title="Hati – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Hati" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Бауыр (орган) – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бауыр (орган)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" title="ថ្លើម – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ថ្លើម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81" title="ಯಕೃತ್ತು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯಕೃತ್ತು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%84" title="간 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="간" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%9B%DB%8C%D9%9A%DB%81%D9%86%DB%81%D9%95_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="کرٛیٚہنہٕ ماز – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کرٛیٚہنہٕ ماز" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kezeb" title="Kezeb – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kezeb" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avi" title="Avi – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Avi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Боор – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Боор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iecur" title="Iecur – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iecur" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liewer" title="Liewer – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Liewer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%80" title="ТтиликӀ – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ТтиликӀ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8C_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Лекь (анатомия) – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Лекь (анатомия)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figato" title="Figato – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Figato" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laever" title="Laever – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Laever" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fui%C3%A0_fosch" title="Fuià fosch – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Fuià fosch" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidegh" title="Fidegh – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fidegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libale" title="Libale – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Libale" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A" title="ຕັບ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕັບ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepenys" title="Kepenys – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kepenys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aknas" title="Aknas – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aknas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aty" title="Aty – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%88" title="Мокш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мокш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Црн дроб – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црн дроб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BE" title="കരൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കരൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Элэг – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Элэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%94" title="ꯂꯤꯚꯔ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯚꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4" title="यकृत – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यकृत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati" title="Hati – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwied" title="Fwied – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Fwied" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အသည်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အသည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Максо – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Максо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92ltapachtli" title="Ēltapachtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ēltapachtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebber" title="Lebber – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lebber" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B" title="कलेजो – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कलेजो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82" title="सें – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सें" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetge" title="Fetge – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fetge" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruu" title="Tiruu – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tiruu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A4" title="ଯକୃତ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଯକୃତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%C3%A6%D1%80" title="Игæр – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Игæр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਾਲਜਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਲਜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altey" title="Altey – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Altey" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%85troba" title="Wątroba – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wątroba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="کلیجا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کلیجا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87" title="اينه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اينه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADgado" title="Fígado – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fígado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukupin" title="Kukupin – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kukupin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficat" title="Ficat – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ficat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicatu" title="Hicatu – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Hicatu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Печень – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Печень" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Печунка – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Печунка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D" title="यकृत् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="यकृत्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Быар – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Быар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱤᱱ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figadu" title="Figadu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Figadu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACcatu" title="Fìcatu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fìcatu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver" title="Liver – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Liver" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جيرو – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جيرو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasa" title="Tasa – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="අක්මාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අක්මාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver" title="Liver – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Liver" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%8De%C5%88" title="Pečeň – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pečeň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitaka" title="Chitaka – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chitaka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_(xubin)" title="Beer (xubin) – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Beer (xubin)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABl%C3%A7ia" title="Mëlçia – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mëlçia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Јетра – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јетра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati" title="Ati – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ati" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ini" title="Ini – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/atay" title="atay – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="atay" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கல்லீரல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கல்லீரல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కాలేయం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాలేయం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҷигар – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷигар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ตับ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตับ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagyr" title="Bagyr – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bagyr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay" title="Atay – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Atay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaci%C4%9Fer" title="Karaciğer – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karaciğer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Бавыр – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бавыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%89%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1" title="جىگەر – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جىگەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Печінка – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Печінка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="جگر – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jigar" title="Jigar – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jigar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig%C3%A0" title="Figà – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Figà" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan" title="Gan – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foad" title="Foad – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Foad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foete" title="Foete – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Foete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay" title="Atay – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Atay" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%84%8F" title="肝脏 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="肝脏" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isibindi" title="Isibindi – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isibindi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="ჩხონჩხი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩხონჩხი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="לעבער – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לעבער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daep" title="Daep – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Daep" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⵙⴰ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koa%E2%81%BF" title="Koaⁿ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Koaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D" title="肝 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="肝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9368#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&oldid=85006135" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&id=85006135&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2582%259D%25E8%2587%259F"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2582%259D%25E8%2587%259F"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Liver" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9368" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%84%8F&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="肝脏">肝脏</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>肝</b>」重定向至此。關於中醫傳統上對「肝」此一概念的描述，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D_(%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91)" title="肝 (臟腑)">肝 (臟腑)</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_life_caution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/20px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/30px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/40px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="190" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="维基百科">维基百科</a>中的醫學内容<b>仅供参考</b>，並<b>不能</b>視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E" title="Wikipedia:医学声明">醫學聲明</a></b>。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:21em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">肝臟</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anatomy_Abdomen_Tiesworks_zh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anatomy_Abdomen_Tiesworks_zh.jpg/240px-Anatomy_Abdomen_Tiesworks_zh.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anatomy_Abdomen_Tiesworks_zh.jpg/360px-Anatomy_Abdomen_Tiesworks_zh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anatomy_Abdomen_Tiesworks_zh.jpg/480px-Anatomy_Abdomen_Tiesworks_zh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" title="人類">人類</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E8%85%94" title="腹腔">腹腔</a>內部構造</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liver_01_animation1.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Liver_01_animation1.gif/240px-Liver_01_animation1.gif" decoding="async" width="240" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Liver_01_animation1.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">以動畫展示人體中肝臟的位置（紅色者）</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">基本信息</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="胚胎学">发育自</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Foregut" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foregut"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foregut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foregut（页面不存在）">Foregut</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foregut" class="extiw" title="en:Foregut"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foregut</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="器官系統">系統</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%84%89" title="动脉">动脉</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Hepatic artery proper" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hepatic artery proper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hepatic_artery_proper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hepatic artery proper（页面不存在）">Hepatic artery proper</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatic_artery_proper" class="extiw" title="en:Hepatic artery proper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hepatic artery proper</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89" title="静脉">静脉</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Hepatic vein" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hepatic vein"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hepatic_vein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hepatic vein（页面不存在）">Hepatic vein</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatic_vein" class="extiw" title="en:Hepatic vein"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hepatic vein</span></a></span>）</span></span> and <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E9%96%80%E9%9D%9C%E8%84%88" title="肝門靜脈">肝門靜脈</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F" title="神经">神经</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Celiac ganglia" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Celiac ganglia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celiac_ganglia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celiac ganglia（页面不存在）">Celiac ganglia</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celiac_ganglia" class="extiw" title="en:Celiac ganglia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Celiac ganglia</span></a></span>）</span></span> and <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B7%E8%B5%B0%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F" title="迷走神经">迷走神经</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">标识字符</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><i>Jecur, iecur</i> <br /><small>root hepat- (ἡπατ-)</small><i></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%AF%8D" title="医学主题词">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D008099">D008099</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="解剖學術語">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/05.8.01.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A05.8.01.001</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="解剖學術語">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=3023">3023</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="解剖学基础模型">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_7197">FMA:7197</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%B0%8F%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="格雷氏解剖學">格雷氏</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/1188/mode/2up">p.1188</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="解剖學術語">解剖學術語</a>》<div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9368" class="extiw" title="d:Q9368">在维基数据上编辑</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Labeled_Human_liver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Labeled_Human_liver.jpg/276px-Labeled_Human_liver.jpg" decoding="async" width="276" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Labeled_Human_liver.jpg/414px-Labeled_Human_liver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Labeled_Human_liver.jpg/552px-Labeled_Human_liver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4432" data-file-height="2563" /></a><figcaption>已標記的人肝</figcaption></figure> <p><b>肝脏</b>為<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="脊椎動物">脊椎動物</a>體內的一实质性<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="器官">器官</a>，以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="代謝">代謝</a>功能為主，並扮演著除去<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E7%B4%A0" title="毒素">毒素</a>，儲存<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E5%8E%9F" title="糖原">醣原</a>（肝糖），分泌<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>合成等重要角色<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。肝臟也會製造<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E6%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="膽汁">膽汁</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="形态结构"><span id=".E5.BD.A2.E6.80.81.E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84"></span>形态结构</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：形态结构"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="重量"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E9.87.8F"></span>重量</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：重量"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>肝脏是人体最大的腺体和实质性脏器。成年男性的肝脏约重1230-1450克，女性约为1100-1300克<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，约为体重的1/40-1/50，新生儿肝脏的相对重量更大一些<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。中年之后肝脏的重量会逐渐下降。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="颜色"><span id=".E9.A2.9C.E8.89.B2"></span>颜色</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：颜色"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>因其血液供应丰富，活体健康肝脏呈棕红色，脂肪肝则呈黄色<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="位置"><span id=".E4.BD.8D.E7.BD.AE"></span>位置</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：位置"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>肝臟位於人體<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="腹部">腹部</a>位置，在右側<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%AB%E8%86%88%E8%86%9C" title="橫膈膜">橫膈膜</a>之下，位於<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E5%9B%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="膽囊">膽囊</a>之前端且於右邊<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8E%E8%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="腎臟">腎臟</a>前方，<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a>上方。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="血液供应"><span id=".E8.A1.80.E6.B6.B2.E4.BE.9B.E5.BA.94"></span>血液供应</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：血液供应"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>肝脏拥有双重血供，约75%来自门静脉，25%来自肝动脉。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="组织学"><span id=".E7.BB.84.E7.BB.87.E5.AD.A6"></span>组织学</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：组织学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E8%86%BD%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微膽管（页面不存在）">微膽管</a>（bile capillaries）收集膽汁聚集成<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="膽道">膽道</a>（bile duct）。接著由左、右肝管（left, right hepatic duct）回收到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B8%BD%E8%82%9D%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="總肝管（页面不存在）">總肝管</a>（common hepatic duct）。膽囊管和總肝管聚集合成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B8%BD%E8%86%BD%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="總膽管（页面不存在）">總膽管</a>（common bile duct）。總膽管在進入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="十二指腸">十二指腸</a>前<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%83%B0%E5%A3%BA%E8%85%B9" title="肝胰壺腹">壺腹</a>部位（ampulla）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E7%AE%A1" title="胰管">胰管</a>相連接，將肝臟分泌儲存於膽囊內的膽汁直接的注入<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%8D%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="降十二指腸（页面不存在）">降十二指腸</a>（descending duodenum）內幫助脂肪代謝消化。</li> <li>肝臟是人類身體器官中唯一有<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F" title="再生">再生</a>功能器官，即使正常<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="肝細胞">肝細胞</a>低於25%，仍可再生成正常肝臟。</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png/450px-Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png/675px-Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png/900px-Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>肝胆系统的相对位置及局部解剖示意图</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable floatcenter" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1085.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gray1085.png/300px-Gray1085.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gray1085.png/450px-Gray1085.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gray1085.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="419" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1086-liver.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gray1086-liver.PNG/300px-Gray1086-liver.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gray1086-liver.PNG/450px-Gray1086-liver.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gray1086-liver.PNG/600px-Gray1086-liver.PNG 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="465" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>肝臟表面</td> <td>肝臟內部 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal_triad.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG/300px-Portal_triad.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG/450px-Portal_triad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>肝脏的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="組織學">組織学</a>画像（小葉構造）</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="體表解剖學"><span id=".E9.AB.94.E8.A1.A8.E8.A7.A3.E5.89.96.E5.AD.B8"></span>體表解剖學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：體表解剖學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>肝臟位於<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E8%85%94" title="腹腔">腹腔</a>右上區塊，受<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8B%E9%AA%A8" title="肋骨">肋骨</a>組成的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E5%BB%93" title="胸廓">胸廓</a>保護。正常的成人肝臟深度約於右側七至十一根肋骨間，穿過中線延伸至左側的乳頭下方。總而言之，肝臟大約分佈於右側的季肋部、上腹部和左側的季肋部間。當人站立時，肝臟因為重力的緣故而會位於較下方，並會隨著呼吸而上下起伏。當人體仰臥時做一深呼吸，由於橫隔的下降而可觸診到肝臟的存在。然而，一種肝臟的觸診方法為：將左手置於肋骨後側下緣、右手置於腹部的右上區塊（腹直肌的側邊和胸廓的下方），當受試者做一深呼吸時將右手向後上方擠壓、左手往下方推，即可觸及肝臟。</li></ul> <p>除了連接到隔膜的部份外，肝臟整個被内脏腹膜包裹住，内脏腹膜是一個薄的雙層膜，可以減少内脏之間的摩擦力。腹膜折回到肝臟內部．形成镰状韧带和左，右三角韧带。此處的韌帶是用來支持內臟，在機能上沒有其他特殊之處，但在肝臟外觀上可以很容易的識別出來。傳統的解剖學會根據肝臟表面特徵，將肝臟分為四個部份。 </p><p>在肝臟前面可以看到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B0%E7%8A%B6%E9%9F%A7%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="镰状韧带（页面不存在）">镰状韧带</a>，可以將肝臟分為左右二葉。若將肝臟翻過來，會在左右二葉之間發現另外二葉，分別是較高的（肝尾叶）及較低的肝方叶。肝門是血管（肝門靜脈、肝動脈和肝靜脈）、淋巴及神經（交感神經和來自迷走神經的副交感神經）出入的地方。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="功能性解剖學"><span id=".E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD.E6.80.A7.E8.A7.A3.E5.89.96.E5.AD.B8"></span>功能性解剖學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：功能性解剖學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>肝臟位於身體的右上腹肋区，大部份被肋骨、肋软骨所遮，质地柔而脆，分為左葉和右葉，右葉則較左葉大，佔全肝百分之六十以上。肝下面凹陷，与腹腔脏器接触。肝内包括Glisson系统和肝静脉系统，Glisson系统內有门静脉、肝固有动脉。 </p><p>肝段（liver segment）是依据奎诺（Couinaud，发音：kwee-NO）系统<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>将肝分成8个节段。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:708px;max-width:708px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:452px;max-width:452px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liver_04_Couinaud_classification.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Liver_04_Couinaud_classification.svg/450px-Liver_04_Couinaud_classification.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Liver_04_Couinaud_classification.svg/675px-Liver_04_Couinaud_classification.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Liver_04_Couinaud_classification.svg/900px-Liver_04_Couinaud_classification.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2812" data-file-height="1583" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">肝段的前位像、后位像</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liver_04_Couinaud_classification_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Liver_04_Couinaud_classification_animation.gif/250px-Liver_04_Couinaud_classification_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Liver_04_Couinaud_classification_animation.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">肝段的旋转动画</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="肝臟的血液供應"><span id=".E8.82.9D.E8.87.9F.E7.9A.84.E8.A1.80.E6.B6.B2.E4.BE.9B.E6.87.89"></span>肝臟的血液供應</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：肝臟的血液供應"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diagram_showing_the_two_lobes_of_the_liver_and_its_blood_supply_CRUK_376.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Diagram_showing_the_two_lobes_of_the_liver_and_its_blood_supply_CRUK_376.svg/300px-Diagram_showing_the_two_lobes_of_the_liver_and_its_blood_supply_CRUK_376.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Diagram_showing_the_two_lobes_of_the_liver_and_its_blood_supply_CRUK_376.svg/450px-Diagram_showing_the_two_lobes_of_the_liver_and_its_blood_supply_CRUK_376.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Diagram_showing_the_two_lobes_of_the_liver_and_its_blood_supply_CRUK_376.svg/600px-Diagram_showing_the_two_lobes_of_the_liver_and_its_blood_supply_CRUK_376.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>肝臟有來自肝動脈及肝門靜脈的雙重血液供應</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>兩大<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1" title="血管">血管</a>通往肝臟：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E5%8B%95%E8%84%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝動脈（页面不存在）">肝動脈</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E9%96%80%E9%9D%9C%E8%84%88" title="肝門靜脈">肝門靜脈</a>；肝動脈來自<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E8%85%94" title="腹腔">腹腔</a>；肝門靜脈引<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="消化道">消化道</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="靜脈">靜脈</a>血，肝臟可以處理其中的營養物質和毒素；肝靜脈直接注入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%85%94%E9%9D%9C%E8%84%88" title="下腔靜脈">下腔靜脈</a>。</li> <li>肝臟有雙重血液供應，與腹腔其他器官不同。肝動脈是來自心臟的動脈血，主要供給氧氣，<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E9%96%80%E9%9D%9C%E8%84%88" title="肝門靜脈">肝門靜脈</a>收集消化道的靜脈血主要供給營養。</li> <li>肝臟血液供應非常豐富，肝臟的血容量相當於人體總量的14%。成人肝每分鐘血流量有1500-2000ml。肝接受大約1/4的心臟出血量。肝的血管分入肝血管和出肝血管兩組，入肝血管包括肝動脈和肝門靜脈，屬雙重血管供應。出肝血管是肝靜脈系。肝臟血液有1/4來自肝動脈，來自心臟的動脈血輸入肝臟，主要供給氧氣，進入肝臟後分為各級分支到小葉間動脈。肝門靜脈是肝的功能血管，肝臟血液有3/4來自於肝門靜脈，把來自消化道含有營養的血液送至肝臟“加工”，其血流為減氧血，肝門靜脈進入肝臟後分為各級分支到小葉間靜脈。肝臟血管受交感神經支配以調節血量。</li> <li>肝門靜脈由脾靜脈和腸系膜上靜脈匯合而成。門靜脈還與腔靜脈間存在側枝吻合，正常情況下，這些吻合枝是不開放的。由於上述血管間的聯繫，當肝臟某些病理因素（如肝硬化）導致門靜脈迴圈障礙時，血流受阻，可引起脾臟淤血腫大。當側枝迴圈開放，如致食管靜脈淤血曲張，甚至破裂出血；如通過直腸靜脈叢形成門靜脈和下腔靜脈吻合，可致此處靜脈叢破裂導致便血；如通過臍周靜脈叢形成門靜脈和上、下腔靜脈吻合，門靜脈高壓時，可出現臍周靜脈怒張。</li> <li>肝動脈是肝臟的營養血管，內含豐富的氧和營養物質，供給肝臟的物質代謝，其血流量約占肝全部血流量的20%～30%，壓力較門靜脈高30～40倍。門靜脈是肝的機能血管，其血量占肝血供的70%～80%，壓力較低，其血液富含來自消化道及胰腺的營養物質，當流經竇狀隙時，即被肝細胞吸收，再經肝細胞加工，一部分排入血液供機體利用，其餘暫時貯存在肝細胞內，以備需要時利用。</li> <li>橫溝內有門靜脈、肝動脈、肝管、神經及淋巴管出入稱為肝門。門靜脈和肝動脈這兩條血管均被包繞在結締組織鞘內，經肝門（或稱第一肝門）進入肝臟，以後就像樹枝分叉樣分佈於腺泡內。由肝腺泡邊緣肝小靜脈（即中央靜脈）匯合成較大的肝靜脈分支，最後匯合成的肝靜脈主幹，進入下腔靜脈，稱第二肝門。肝的後面肝短靜脈有至少3～4條，多至7～8條小靜脈注入下腔靜脈，稱第三肝門。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生理學"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E7.90.86.E5.AD.B8"></span>生理學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：生理學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>肝臟功能由肝细胞進行，功能非常複雜，可以說是人體最繁忙器官之一。目前還沒有人工器官或裝置能夠模擬肝臟所有功能。<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90_(%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8)" title="Wikipedia:可靠來源 (醫學)"><span title="此標籤附近的內容需要可靠的醫學來源進行註解。">需要可靠醫學來源</span></a>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="合成"><span id=".E5.90.88.E6.88.90"></span>合成</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：合成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="氨基酸">氨基酸</a>的合成</li> <li>糖代謝： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E7%95%B0%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="糖異生">糖異生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3" title="糖原分解">糖原分解</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90" title="糖原生成">糖原生成</a></li></ul></li> <li>肝臟負責蛋白質代謝（mainstay of protein metabolism）</li> <li>肝臟還執行了<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="脂質">脂質</a>代謝（lipid metabolism）的角色： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E5%9B%BA%E9%86%87" title="膽固醇">膽固醇</a>（cholesterol）合成</li> <li>脂肪生成，三酸甘油酯（脂肪）生產。</li></ul></li> <li>早期在孕的胎兒，肝臟是主要紅血細胞的生產者，一直到42周左右才由<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AB%93" title="骨髓">骨髓</a>生產紅血細胞。</li> <li>肝臟還生產胰島素樣生長因子1（insulin-like growth factor 1（IGF-1））</li> <li>肝臟是一個主要的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%80%E5%B0%8F%E6%9D%BF%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="血小板生成素（页面不存在）">血小板生成素</a>（thrombopoietin）的生產者。血小板生成素是一種糖蛋白激素，可調節生產血小板的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AB%93" title="骨髓">骨髓</a>。</li> <li>肝臟會分泌食物消化需要的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%86%E6%B1%81" title="胆汁">胆汁</a>，有些胆汁直接分泌到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="十二指腸">十二指腸</a>，有些則儲存在<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E5%9B%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="膽囊">膽囊</a>。</li> <li>肝臟產生凝血因子I（纤维蛋白原）、II（凝血酶原）、V、VII、IX及XI，及<a href="/wiki/C%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="C反應蛋白">C反應蛋白</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S反應蛋白（页面不存在）">S反應蛋白</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%97%E5%87%9D%E8%A1%80%E9%85%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抗凝血酶（页面不存在）">抗凝血酶</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="分解"><span id=".E5.88.86.E8.A7.A3"></span>分解</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：分解"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E5%B3%B6%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="胰島素">胰島素</a>和其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="激素">激素</a>。</li> <li>肝臟分解<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%B4%85%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="血紅蛋白">血紅蛋白</a>，造成代謝物，添加到<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E6%B1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="膽汁">膽汁</a>的色素（<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%86%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0" title="胆红素">胆红素</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%86%E7%BB%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="胆绿素">胆绿素</a>）。</li> <li>肝臟將<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>轉換成<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="尿素">尿素</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他功能"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD"></span>其他功能</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：其他功能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>肝臟存儲大量的物質，包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96" title="葡萄糖">葡萄糖</a>（以肝醣形式），<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0A" title="維生素A">維生素A</a>（1-2年的供應量），<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0D" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素D">維生素D</a>（1-4個月供應量），<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B7%E8%83%BA%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鈷胺素">維生素B12</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>。</li> <li>肝臟中和毒素，大部份藥品以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="血红蛋白">血红蛋白</a>。</li> <li>肝臟是人體最大的營養中心及最大的垃圾處理場。分兩大階段將原來只溶於脂肪不利排除的毒素轉換成可溶於水的成分，經大小便排出體外，達成肝臟將體內毒素分解、轉換、排除的功能。 <ul><li>肝臟排毒兩大階段：第一二階段掃毒過程中產生有害的中間物質需要抗氧化劑、營養素和植物衍生物來協助消除。例如維生素A、C、E、硒、銅、鋅、錳、輔酶Q10、硫化物、生物類黃酮素等。</li></ul></li></ul> <ol><li>酵素P450：利用P450混合功能氧化酶（mixed function oxidase）的氧化作用（oxidation）、還原作用（reduction）、水解作用（hydrolysis）來改變物質特性，直接、間接的增加毒素的溶解。能促進第一階段掃毒功能的營養素有：酵素、輔酶、維生素C或D、維生素B2、B3、B6、葉酸、穀胱甘太過氧化酶、短鍵氨基酸、類黃酮素、卵磷脂等。</li> <li>結合反應：經由醛醣酸化（glucuronidation），硫酸化（sulfation），甘胺酸化（glycination）-分解苯甲酸鹽、水楊酸鹽，穀胱胺太結合反應（glutathione conjugation）-分解有機溶劑、除草劑、重金屬汞鉛鎘、殺菌劑、多環芳香烴化物、過氧化脂质，可接著把在第一階段解毒後的某些分子、或直接於代謝物或毒素中加入一個極化的親水分子，把原來親脂不溶於水的毒素轉成水溶性，再經由大小便排出體內。</li></ol> <p>肝臟會進行養分的轉化、合成、分解、代謝和儲存等。 </p> <ul><li>負責<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="蛋白质代谢">蛋白質代謝</a>（mainstay of protein mentabolism）</li> <li>執行<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%82%E8%B3%AA%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脂質代謝（页面不存在）">脂質代謝</a>供給能量</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="疾病"><span id=".E7.96.BE.E7.97.85"></span>疾病</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：疾病"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stage_of_liver_damage.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Stage_of_liver_damage.JPG/276px-Stage_of_liver_damage.JPG" decoding="async" width="276" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Stage_of_liver_damage.JPG/414px-Stage_of_liver_damage.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Stage_of_liver_damage.JPG 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="249" /></a><figcaption>肝损伤的不同阶段</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Big_Liver_Tumor.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Big_Liver_Tumor.JPG/276px-Big_Liver_Tumor.JPG" decoding="async" width="276" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Big_Liver_Tumor.JPG/414px-Big_Liver_Tumor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Big_Liver_Tumor.JPG/552px-Big_Liver_Tumor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>肝腫瘤</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>化學性肝損傷</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E8%82%9D" title="脂肪肝">脂肪肝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%96%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="黃疸">黃疸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="肝炎">肝炎</a>（Hepatitis）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%A1%AC%E5%8C%96" title="肝硬化">肝硬化</a>（Cirrhosis）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E8%89%B2%E6%B2%88%E8%91%97%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="血色沈著病">血色沈著病</a>（Hemochromatosis）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%99%8C" title="肝癌">肝癌</a>（Liver Cancer） <ul><li>肝細胞癌</li> <li>胆管細胞癌</li> <li>转移性肝癌</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%A3%AE%E6%B0%8F%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="威爾森氏症">威爾森氏症</a>（Wilson's Disease）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="肝臟移植"><span id=".E8.82.9D.E8.87.9F.E7.A7.BB.E6.A4.8D"></span>肝臟移植</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：肝臟移植"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第一次人體肝臟移植，1963年美國人托馬斯Starzl和1965年英國羅伊Calne英國手術成功。 </p><p>對於一些無法處理的肝功能衰竭，肝臟移植是唯一的方式。大部分移植的原因是因為慢性肝病導致肝硬化，例如慢性丙型肝炎，或酒精中毒、自體免疫性肝炎，以及其他各種慢性病變。若是暴发性肝衰竭，发生在几天到几周內，也可以進行肝移植，只是比較少見。 </p><p>肝臟移植可分為活體肝臟移植，一種是屍肝移植。移植用的肝臟一般是來自腦死、但心臟仍在跳動的捐贈者，活體的肝臟移植則是將活體捐贈者肝臟的一部份取出，代替受捐贈者的肝臟。首次活體肝臟移植是在1989年為兒童進行肝臟移植手術。成人的肝若要移植給嬰兒或小孩，只需要移植20%的肝即可。後來也己進行過成人對成人的活體肝臟移植，移植了肝臟的右半葉，相當於肝臟的60%。由於肝臟有再生的功能，若手術順利，捐贈者及受捐贈者在數週後肝臟都可以長到原來的大小<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，都可以有正常的肝臟機能。不過活體肝臟移植的手術比較有爭議，捐贈者需要動比受捐贈者要大的手術，而且至少有二個捐贈者死亡的案例。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他动物的肝"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.8A.A8.E7.89.A9.E7.9A.84.E8.82.9D"></span>其他动物的肝</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：其他动物的肝"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>肝臟是存在於所有<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="脊椎動物">脊椎動物</a>，是最大的內臟器官。不同的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="物種">物種</a>，形式有很大的不同。然而，在大多數物種它分為左，右葉，但有例外，像是<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87" title="蛇">蛇</a>的身體，肝臟就像是雪茄形狀。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%AF%8A%E9%AD%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="鯊魚">鯊魚</a>等軟骨魚類靠體內大量的脂肪，如透過肝臟內的脂肪調節<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E5%8A%9B" title="浮力">浮力</a>，因此鯊魚肝大又多脂肪，可供製魚肝油。豬肝是亞洲人常食用的補品，豬肝富含<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵質">鐵質</a>，女性可食用豬肝湯補鐵。但豬肝膽固醇高，有心血管疾病或膽固醇患者不宜過度攝取。 </p><p>節肢動物、軟體動物體內有類似肝脏和胰腺等功能相结合的消化腺（<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%83%B0%E8%84%8F" title="肝胰脏">肝胰臟</a>），在昆蟲中這類器官稱為脂肪体器官。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="食品"><span id=".E9.A3.9F.E5.93.81"></span>食品</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：食品"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fegato_alla_veneziana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Fegato_alla_veneziana.jpg/276px-Fegato_alla_veneziana.jpg" decoding="async" width="276" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Fegato_alla_veneziana.jpg/414px-Fegato_alla_veneziana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Fegato_alla_veneziana.jpg/552px-Fegato_alla_veneziana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fegato_alla_veneziana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fegato alla veneziana（页面不存在）">Fegato alla veneziana</a></i>; liver venetian style.</figcaption></figure> <p>哺乳動物、鳥類和魚類的肝臟通常成為人類的食物，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AC%E8%82%9D" title="豬肝">豬肝</a>、雞肝、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B5%9D%E8%82%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="鵝肝">鵝肝</a>等。 </p><p>肝臟可以煎、煮、烤、炸、炒，或生吃（肝臟生魚片）。動物肝臟含有豐富的鐵和維生素A，製成<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E8%82%9D%E6%B2%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="魚肝油">魚肝油</a>用作膳食補充劑。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%B2%82%E9%AD%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="黃貂魚">黃貂魚</a>的肝臟在歐洲是一種美味食物，俗稱"poached skate liver on toast"。法國料理則稱為"beignets de foie de raie"和"foie de raie en croute" </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中毒"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E6.AF.92"></span>中毒</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：中毒"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於肝臟是動物體內主要化解外來毒素的器官，肝臟在轉化毒素過程中可能會漸漸積累毒素。在自然界，處於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%8F%88" title="食物鏈">食物鏈</a>中最高層的生物，所進食的食物裡所含毒素，亦會從食物鏈的低層一直向上累積，牠們的肝臟亦自然地積累較多毒素。另外，在現代化的<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="畜牧业">畜牧業</a>裡，過度使用動物抗生素、生長激素等化學飼料，會使動物肝臟積累這些藥物或激素，人類依從食物鏈食用這些有問題動物的肝臟，會引致中毒<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在鱼類，尤其是長期居於深海而難被捕獲的魚類中，其肝臟内除含有丰富的维生素A、D外，尚有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%89%E6%8C%9B%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="痉挛毒（页面不存在）">痉挛毒</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻痹毒（页面不存在）">麻痹毒</a>等毒素，食用過量易致命。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%AD%A8" title="河魨">河魨</a>等會產生<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%AD%A8%E6%AF%92%E7%B4%A0" title="河魨毒素">河魨毒素</a>的魚類，其魚肝、卵巢（魚卵）和魚皮通常會帶有此毒素<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。馬肝並非有毒不能食用，有這種誤解是因為中國人錯誤地只引用<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢武帝">漢武帝</a>曾經說過：「文成將軍吃馬肝而死」<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不過，由於現代社會裡，有些馬匹是被圈養作為賽馬用途，這些馬匹需要服用很多藥物和激素來保持健壯的體質。如不慎食用這些賽馬的馬肝及馬肉，會間接誤服很多賽馬服用的藥物，造成中毒。1912年俄羅斯水手<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞歷山大康拉（页面不存在）">亞歷山大康拉</a>在北極冰層進食<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E7%86%8A" title="北極熊">北極熊</a>肝臟，造成中毒；北極熊的肝臟富含大量<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0A" title="維生素A">維生素A</a>，易食用過量导致维生素A中毒。1913年，南極探險家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%8E%AB%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道格拉斯莫森（页面不存在）">道格拉斯莫森</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%A4%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E9%BB%98%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澤維爾默茨（页面不存在）">澤維爾默茨</a>因食用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E6%A9%87%E7%8A%AC" title="雪橇犬">雪橇犬</a>的肝臟中毒，後者甚至死亡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">肝臟一直是重要的象徵神秘生理學。作為最大的器官，一個包含最多血液，它被認為是最黑暗，最突破的一部分人的內臟。因此，它被認為包含了秘密的命運，被用來算命。在柏拉圖，並在以後的生理，肝代表最黑暗的激情，特別是血腥，黑煙的憤怒，嫉妒和貪婪的驅動男子的行動。因此，肝意味著感情衝動的生命本身。<br /><br />--James Hillman<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>在希臘神話，<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E7%B1%B3%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="普羅米修斯">普羅米修斯</a>因為幫人類偷火而被懲罰，被拴在一塊岩石，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BF%E9%B7%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="禿鷲">禿鷲</a>每天會啄了他的肝，到了晚上他的肝又會恢復原樣<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>漢景帝時，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%85%E5%9B%BA%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="轅固生">辕固生</a>與黄生起了爭執，《汉书·辕固传》載：“上曰：‘食肉毋食马肝，未为不知味也；言学者毋言汤武受命，不为愚。’”</li> <li>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>古代，肝脏被误解为是治疗<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="梅毒">梅毒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="麻风">麻风</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="结核">结核</a>等病的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E8%83%BD%E8%8D%AF" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="万能药">万能药</a>，主要使用男性死刑犯的肝脏用盐腌乾，称为“碳黑大脑”（<span lang="ja">脳味噌の黒焼き</span>）或“人油”，以高价出售。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="江户时代">江户时代</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%94%B0%E6%B7%BA%E5%8F%B3%E8%A1%9B%E9%96%80" title="山田淺右衛門">山田淺右衛門</a>家出售的称为“<i>人丹</i>”、“<i>人胆丸</i>”等，山田家因贩卖此物而成巨富。该丸药用小贝壳包装，一个贝壳在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治">明治</a>初年售价达5<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="日元">日元</a>。1870年4月15日开始禁止贩卖。<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E8%A7%81%E5%BC%B4" title="里见弴">里見弴</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E7%AF%87%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="短篇小说">短篇小说</a>“ひえもんとり”中描述了江户时代争夺肝脏的状况。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="圖片集"><span id=".E5.9C.96.E7.89.87.E9.9B.86"></span>圖片集</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：圖片集"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.svg&lang=zh" class="mw-file-description" title="輔助消化系統"><img alt="輔助消化系統" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.svg/langzh-120px-Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.svg/langzh-180px-Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.svg/langzh-240px-Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1110" 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray475.png" class="mw-file-description" title="胎兒在第24天或第25天的肝臟生長情形"><img alt="胎兒在第24天或第25天的肝臟生長情形" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gray475.png/120px-Gray475.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gray475.png/180px-Gray475.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gray475.png/240px-Gray475.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="484" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">胎兒在第24天或第25天的肝臟生長情形</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1097.png" class="mw-file-description" title="人體腰部第一脊椎的橫切面"><img alt="人體腰部第一脊椎的橫切面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray1097.png/120px-Gray1097.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray1097.png/180px-Gray1097.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray1097.png/240px-Gray1097.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">人體腰部第一脊椎的橫切面</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1223_zh.png" class="mw-file-description" title="腹前視圖，顯示了肝、胃和大腸"><img alt="腹前視圖，顯示了肝、胃和大腸" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gray1223_zh.png/120px-Gray1223_zh.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gray1223_zh.png/180px-Gray1223_zh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gray1223_zh.png/240px-Gray1223_zh.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">腹前視圖，顯示了肝、胃和大腸</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1224_zh.png" class="mw-file-description" title="胸部與下腹部的器官圖"><img alt="胸部與下腹部的器官圖" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray1224_zh.png/102px-Gray1224_zh.png" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray1224_zh.png/153px-Gray1224_zh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray1224_zh.png/204px-Gray1224_zh.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">胸部與下腹部的器官圖</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal_triad.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="肝脏在組織學的小葉構造"><img alt="肝脏在組織學的小葉構造" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG/120px-Portal_triad.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG/180px-Portal_triad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Portal_triad.JPG/240px-Portal_triad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="428" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">肝脏在組織學的小葉構造</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8B"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：注釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span 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Essentials of Human Physiology. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanphysiology.tuars.com/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_30.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&rft.atitle=Section+6%2F6ch2%2Fs6ch2_30&rft.aufirst=Thomas+M.&rft.aulast=Nosek&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Human+Physiology&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumanphysiology.tuars.com%2Fprogram%2Fsection6%2F6ch2%2Fs6ch2_30.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812051642/https://liver.org.tw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&layout=liverarticle&catid=117&id=1346&COLUMNMODE=2">財團法人肝病防治學術基金會 - 認識肝臟解毒力</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-08</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liver.org.tw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&layout=liverarticle&catid=117&id=1346&COLUMNMODE=2">原始内容</a>存档于2020-08-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&rft.btitle=%E8%B2%A1%E5%9C%98%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E8%82%9D%E7%97%85%E9%98%B2%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83+-+%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F%E8%A7%A3%E6%AF%92%E5%8A%9B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliver.org.tw%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26layout%3Dliverarticle%26catid%3D117%26id%3D1346%26COLUMNMODE%3D2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">丁文龙刘学政等. 系统解剖学 9th. 人民卫生出版社. 2018: 114. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787117267182" title="Special:网络书源/9787117267182"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787117267182</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&rft.au=%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87%E9%BE%99+%E5%88%98%E5%AD%A6%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%89&rft.btitle=%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6&rft.date=2018&rft.edition=9th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787117267182&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Standring, Susan (编). 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cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（繁體）网页">（中文（繁體））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&rft.au=%E9%A6%AE%E6%B7%91%E5%AB%BB&rft.btitle=%E7%99%BE%E4%BD%B3%E8%B1%AC%E8%82%9D%E5%90%AB%E5%93%AE%E5%96%98%E8%97%A5%E3%80%80%E6%83%A0%E5%BA%B7%E7%83%8F%E9%9B%9E%E7%8D%B8%E8%97%A5%E9%81%8E%E9%87%8F&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E3%80%8A%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E3%80%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhk.apple.nextmedia.com%2Fnews%2Fart%2F20080201%2F10709342&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204014340/https://www.cfs.gov.hk/tc_chi/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedia_pub_fsf_09_01.html">食物安全焦點——河豚毒素中毒</a>. 香港特別行政區<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="食物安全中心">食物安全中心</a>. 2007-04-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-08-07</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfs.gov.hk/tc_chi/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedia_pub_fsf_09_01.html">原始内容</a>存档于2020-12-04） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（繁體）网页">（中文（繁體））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&rft.btitle=%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%84%A6%E9%BB%9E%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E6%B2%B3%E8%B1%9A%E6%AF%92%E7%B4%A0%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92&rft.date=2007-04-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfs.gov.hk%2Ftc_chi%2Fmultimedia%2Fmultimedia_pub%2Fmultimedia_pub_fsf_09_01.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">《史记·封禅书》 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q>……“齐人少翁以鬼神方见上。……于是乃拜少翁为文成将军……天子识其手书，问其人，果是伪书，于是<b>诛文成将军，隐之</b>。”“其春，乐成侯上书言栾大。……大言曰：‘……然臣恐效文成，则方士皆奄口，恶敢言方哉!’上曰：‘<b>文成食马肝死耳</b>。子诚能修其方，我何爱乎!’”</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0%C2%B7%E5%B0%81%E7%A6%85%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> 根據該段文字的上文下理，意指漢武帝因得悉文成將軍以偽帛書藏牛肚內以欺君，故將他誅滅，但由於隱瞞此事，不讓另一位術士欒大知道此事，故瞎說文成將軍是吃馬肝中毒而亡。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopi_Krishna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gopi Krishna（页面不存在）">Krishna, Gopi</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hillman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hillman（页面不存在）">Hillman, James</a>（commentary）. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/7577310/KUNDALINI-the-evolutionary-energy-in-man">Kundalini – the evolutionary energy in man</a>. London: Stuart & Watkins. 1970: 77 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-12-25</span>]</span>. SBN 7224 0115 9. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305055908/https://www.scribd.com/doc/7577310/KUNDALINI-the-evolutionary-energy-in-man">存档</a>于2016-03-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&rft.aufirst=Gopi&rft.aulast=Krishna&rft.btitle=Kundalini+%E2%80%93+the+evolutionary+energy+in+man&rft.date=1970&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=77&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Stuart+%26+Watkins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F7577310%2FKUNDALINI-the-evolutionary-energy-in-man&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127153101/https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POE0052/241961/web/">好心肝好健康電子報</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-05</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POE0052/241961/web/">原始内容</a>存档于2020-11-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&rft.btitle=%E5%A5%BD%E5%BF%83%E8%82%9D%E5%A5%BD%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%A0%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.udn.com%2Fudnpaper%2FPOE0052%2F241961%2Fweb%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <p>以下是標準的醫學教科書： </p> <ul><li>Eugene R. Schiff, Michael F. Sorrell, Willis C. Maddrey, eds. Schiff's diseases of the liver, 9th ed. Philadelphia : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2003. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780781730075" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7817-3007-5</a></li> <li>Sheila Sherlock, James Dooley. Diseases of the liver and biliary system, 11th ed. Oxford, UK ; Malden, MA : Blackwell Science. 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780632055821" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-632-05582-1</a></li> <li>David Zakim, Thomas D. Boyer. eds. Hepatology : a textbook of liver disease, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780721690513" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7216-9051-3</a></li></ul> <p>以下是給一般讀者的科學書籍： </p> <ul><li>Sanjiv Chopra. The Liver Book: A Comprehensive Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Recovery, Atria, 2002, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780743405850" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7434-0585-0</a></li> <li>Melissa Palmer. Dr. Melissa Palmer's Guide to Hepatitis and Liver Disease: What You Need to Know, Avery Publishing Group; Revised edition May 24, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781583331880" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-58333-188-0</a>. her webpage (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.liverdisease.com">http://www.liverdisease.com</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210411012306/http://www.liverdisease.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）).</li> <li>Howard J. Worman. The Liver Disorders Sourcebook, McGraw-Hill, 1999, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780737300901" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7373-0090-1</a>. his Columbia U web site, Diseases of the liver（<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/gi/disliv.html）">http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/gi/disliv.html）</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年4月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li> <li>Keith L. Moore and Arthur F. Dalley II Clinically Oriented Anatomy Fifth edition 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780781736398" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7817-3639-8</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:肝">肝</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smallcollation.blogspot.com/2013/02/abdominal-hepatic-portal-vein.html">abdominal(腹腔)-hepatic portal vein circulation(肝門靜脈循環)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200812052715/http://smallcollation.blogspot.com/2013/02/abdominal-hepatic-portal-vein.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe 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href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生物系統">系统</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="器官">器官</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="肌肉骨骼系统">骨骼肌肉</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E9%AA%A8%E6%9E%B6" title="人體骨架">骨架</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼">骨骼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="软骨">软骨</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">軀幹</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B4%E9%AA%A8" title="头骨">顱骨</a> <ul><li>颅骨</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E9%A0%B7%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="下頷骨">下頷骨</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AC%E5%B0%8F%E9%AA%A8" title="听小骨">听小骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%9F%B1" title="脊柱">脊椎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B0%E6%A4%8E" title="寰椎">寰椎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%88%E6%A4%8E" title="颈椎">頸椎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E6%A4%8E" title="胸椎">胸椎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B0%E6%A4%8E" title="腰椎">腰椎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%B6%E9%AA%A8" title="骶骨">骶骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BE%E9%AA%A8" title="尾骨">尾骨</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8B%E9%AA%A8" title="肋骨">肋骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E9%AA%A8" title="胸骨">胸骨</a> <ul><li>胸骨柄</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">上肢</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E9%AA%A8" title="锁骨">锁骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A9%E8%83%9B%E9%AA%A8" title="肩胛骨">肩胛骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%B1%E9%AA%A8" title="肱骨">肱骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BA%E9%AA%A8" title="尺骨">尺骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%A1%E9%AA%A8" title="桡骨">桡骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%95%E9%AA%A8" title="腕骨">腕骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%8C%E9%AA%A8" title="掌骨">掌骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E9%AA%A8" title="指骨">指骨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">下肢</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E7%9B%86" title="骨盆">骨盆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A1%E9%AA%A8" title="股骨">股骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%8C%E9%AA%A8" title="髌骨">髌骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%AB%E9%AA%A8" title="胫骨">胫骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E9%AA%A8" title="腓骨">腓骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%97%E9%AA%A8" title="跗骨">跗骨</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="跟骨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Calcaneus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%9F%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跟骨（页面不存在）">跟骨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcaneus" class="extiw" title="en:Calcaneus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Calcaneus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B9%A0%E9%AA%A8" title="蹠骨">蹠骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%BE%E9%AA%A8" title="趾骨">趾骨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%82" title="关节">关节</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纖維關節" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fibrous joint"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E9%97%9C%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纖維關節（页面不存在）">纖維關節</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_joint" class="extiw" title="en:Fibrous joint"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fibrous joint</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軟骨關節" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cartilaginous joint"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8%E9%97%9C%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軟骨關節（页面不存在）">軟骨關節</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaginous_joint" class="extiw" title="en:Cartilaginous joint"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cartilaginous joint</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E6%B6%B2%E9%97%9C%E7%AF%80" title="滑液關節">滑液關節</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="肌肉系统">肌肉</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89" title="肌肉">肌肉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B1" title="腱">腱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%AB%E8%86%88%E8%86%9C" title="橫膈膜">橫膈膜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="循环系统">循环系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="循环系统">血液</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>周邊 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%84%89" title="动脉">动脉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1" title="微血管">微血管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89" title="静脉">静脉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%AE%A1" title="淋巴管">淋巴管</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%87%9F" title="心臟">心臟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="淋巴系統">淋巴</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>初級 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AB%93" title="骨髓">骨髓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E8%85%BA" title="胸腺">胸腺</a></li></ul></li> <li>次級 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%BE%E8%84%8F" title="脾脏">脾脏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%B5%90" title="淋巴結">淋巴結</a></li></ul></li> <li>中樞神經 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="膠狀淋巴系統">膠淋巴系統</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="神经系统">神经系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%A8%9E%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="中樞神經系統">中樞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%84%91" title="前脑">前脑</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%84%91" title="大脑">大脑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E8%84%91" title="间脑">间脑</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%85%A6" title="中腦">中腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E8%84%91" title="后脑">后脑</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E8%85%A6" title="橋腦">橋腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E9%AB%93" title="延髓">延髓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%84%91" title="小脑">小脑</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="边缘系统">边缘系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93" title="脊髓">脊髓</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%9B%B4%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="周围神经系统">周圍</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%A7%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="感觉系统">感觉系统</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%9C%BC" title="人眼">眼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3" title="耳">耳部</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%AF%E4%BD%93%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="躯体神经系统">SNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="自主神经系统">ANS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%9A%AE%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="外皮系統">表皮系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A" title="皮膚">人類皮膚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E4%B8%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="皮下組織">皮下組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E6%88%BF" title="乳房">乳房</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E8%85%BA" title="乳腺">乳腺</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="免疫系统">免疫系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AB%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="骨髓組織">骨髓組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="淋巴细胞">淋巴细胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="免疫系统">免疫系统</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="呼吸系統">呼吸系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93" title="呼吸道">上呼吸道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB" title="鼻">鼻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">咽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89" title="喉">喉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93" title="呼吸道">下呼吸道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1" title="氣管">氣管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1" title="支氣管">支氣管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA" title="肺">肺</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">上消化道</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94" title="口腔">嘴巴</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%BE%E8%85%BA" title="唾腺">唾腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C" title="舌">舌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87" title="唇">唇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E9%BD%92" title="牙齒">齒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">口咽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">喉咽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">下消化道</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%82%A0" title="小肠">小肠</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0" title="十二指肠">十二指肠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%85%B8" title="空腸">空腸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%82%A0" title="回肠">回肠</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%91%E5%B0%BE" title="阑尾">阑尾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%82%A0" title="大肠">大肠</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E8%82%A0" title="盲肠">盲肠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="结肠">结肠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0" title="直肠">直肠</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8" title="肛门">肛门</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">附屬腺體</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">肝臟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E7%AE%A1" title="膽管">膽道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E8%84%8F" title="胰脏">胰脏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="泌尿系統">泌尿系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="泌尿生殖系统">泌尿生殖系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8E" title="腎">腎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%93%E5%B0%BF%E7%AE%A1" title="输尿管">输尿管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%80%E8%83%B1" title="膀胱">膀胱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E9%81%93" title="尿道">尿道</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生殖系统">生殖系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="女性生殖系統">女性</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%AB%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6" title="子宫附件">子宫附件</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B5%E5%B7%A2" title="卵巢">卵巢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%B8%E5%8D%B5%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="輸卵管">輸卵管</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%AB" title="子宫">子宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%81%93" title="阴道">阴道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E9%99%B0" title="女陰">女陰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E7%9B%A4" title="胎盤">胎盤</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="男性生殖系統">男性</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E9%81%93" title="精道">精道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%BE%E4%B8%B8" title="睾丸">睾丸</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E5%9B%8A" title="阴囊">阴囊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E9%99%B0%E8%8E%96" title="人類陰莖">陰莖</a></li> <li>附腺 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%88%97%E8%85%BA" title="前列腺">前列腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E5%9B%8A" title="精囊">精囊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E9%81%93%E7%90%83%E8%85%BA" title="尿道球腺">尿道球腺</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="內分泌系統">內分泌系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%A6%96%E4%B8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="下視丘">下視丘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E4%B8%8B%E5%9E%82%E9%AB%94" title="腦下垂體">腦下垂體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%9E%9C%E9%AB%94" title="松果體">松果體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%8A%B6%E8%85%BA" title="甲状腺">甲状腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%94%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%85%BA" title="副甲狀腺">副甲狀腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8E%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA" title="腎上腺">腎上腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="胰岛">胰岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div>大體<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93" title="人体">解剖</a>：<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="Template:人体系统与器官">系統及器官</a>、<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:人体解剖学">區域解剖</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Anatomical planes and lines" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Anatomical planes and lines"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Anatomical_planes_and_lines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Anatomical planes and lines（页面不存在）">解剖平面及基準線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Anatomical_planes_and_lines" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Anatomical planes and lines"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Anatomical planes and lines</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Superficial axial anatomy" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Superficial axial anatomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Superficial_axial_anatomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Superficial axial anatomy（页面不存在）">中軸表面解剖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Superficial_axial_anatomy" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Superficial axial anatomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Superficial axial anatomy</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Superficial anatomy of limbs" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Superficial anatomy of limbs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Superficial_anatomy_of_limbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Superficial anatomy of limbs（页面不存在）">附肢表面解剖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Superficial_anatomy_of_limbs" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Superficial anatomy of limbs"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Superficial anatomy of limbs</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="軀幹的解剖，消化系统：附属消化腺（TA_A05.8–9,_TH_H3.04.05-07,_GA_11.1188）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E8%85%BA" title="Template:附属消化腺"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E8%85%BA" title="Template talk:附属消化腺"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E8%85%BA" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:附属消化腺"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="軀幹的解剖，消化系统：附属消化腺（TA_A05.8–9,_TH_H3.04.05-07,_GA_11.1188）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%80%E5%B9%B9" title="軀幹">軀幹</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="人体解剖学">解剖</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E8%85%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="附属消化腺">附属消化腺</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminologia_Anatomica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminologia Anatomica（页面不存在）">TA A05.8–9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Histologica" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminologia Histologica">TH H3.04.05-07</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_subjects_in_Gray%27s_Anatomy:_XI._Splanchnology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: XI. Splanchnology（页面不存在）">GA 11.1188</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">肝臟</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肝的膈面" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Diaphragmatic surface of liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E7%9A%84%E8%86%88%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝的膈面（页面不存在）">膈面</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphragmatic_surface_of_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Diaphragmatic surface of liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Diaphragmatic surface of liver</span></a></span>）</span></span>：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肝裸区" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bare area of the liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%A3%B8%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝裸区（页面不存在）">肝裸区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bare_area_of_the_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Bare area of the liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bare area of the liver</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="静脉韧带" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ligamentum venosum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89%E9%9F%A7%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="静脉韧带（页面不存在）">静脉韧带</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligamentum_venosum" class="extiw" title="en:Ligamentum venosum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ligamentum venosum</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肝的臟面" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Visceral surface of liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E7%9A%84%E8%87%9F%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝的臟面（页面不存在）">臟面</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visceral_surface_of_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Visceral surface of liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Visceral surface of liver</span></a></span>）</span></span>：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胃压迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gastric impression on liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E5%8E%8B%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃压迹（页面不存在）">胃压迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_impression_on_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Gastric impression on liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gastric impression on liver</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="十二指肠压迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Duodenal impression on liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0%E5%8E%8B%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="十二指肠压迹（页面不存在）">十二指肠压迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenal_impression_on_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Duodenal impression on liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Duodenal impression on liver</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="结肠压迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Colic impression on liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0%E5%8E%8B%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结肠压迹（页面不存在）">结肠压迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colic_impression_on_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Colic impression on liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Colic impression on liver</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肾压迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Renal impression on liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%BE%E5%8E%8B%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肾压迹（页面不存在）">肾压迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_impression_on_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Renal impression on liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Renal impression on liver</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肝肾上腺压迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Suprarenal impression on liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%82%BE%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA%E5%8E%8B%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝肾上腺压迹（页面不存在）">肝肾上腺压迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprarenal_impression_on_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Suprarenal impression on liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Suprarenal impression on liver</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肝门" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Porta hepatis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E9%97%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝门（页面不存在）">肝门</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porta_hepatis" class="extiw" title="en:Porta hepatis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Porta hepatis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E5%9C%86%E9%9F%A7%E5%B8%A6" title="肝圆韧带">肝圆韧带</a></li></ul> <ul><li>肝叶：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肝左叶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Left lobe of liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E5%B7%A6%E5%8F%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝左叶（页面不存在）">左叶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_lobe_of_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Left lobe of liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Left lobe of liver</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肝右叶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Right lobe of liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E5%8F%B3%E5%8F%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝右叶（页面不存在）">右叶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_lobe_of_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Right lobe of liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Right lobe of liver</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肝尾状叶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Caudate lobe of liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E5%B0%BE%E7%8A%B6%E5%8F%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝尾状叶（页面不存在）">尾状叶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudate_lobe_of_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Caudate lobe of liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Caudate lobe of liver</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肝方叶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quadrate lobe of liver"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝方叶（页面不存在）">方叶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrate_lobe_of_liver" class="extiw" title="en:Quadrate lobe of liver"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quadrate lobe of liver</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fibrous_capsule_of_Glisson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fibrous capsule of Glisson（页面不存在）">格里森氏纤维囊</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perisinusoidal_space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perisinusoidal space（页面不存在）">窦周间隙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liver_sinusoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liver sinusoid（页面不存在）">肝血窦</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periportal_space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periportal space（页面不存在）">门管周间隙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal_triad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal triad（页面不存在）">肝门三联征</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lobules_of_liver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lobules of liver（页面不存在）">肝小叶</a></li></ul> <ul><li>细胞：<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="肝細胞">肝细胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%8B%80%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="肝臟星狀細胞">肝臟星狀細胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E4%BD%9B%E6%B0%8F%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="庫佛氏細胞">庫佛氏細胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biliary_tract&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biliary tract（页面不存在）">胆道</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E7%AE%A1" title="膽管">膽管</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intrahepatic_bile_ducts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intrahepatic bile ducts（页面不存在）">肝内胆管</a>（从<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bile_canaliculus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bile canaliculus（页面不存在）">胆小管</a>到<a href="/w/index.php?title=Canals_of_Hering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canals of Hering（页面不存在）">赫林管</a>）：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Interlobular_bile_ducts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interlobular bile ducts（页面不存在）">小叶间胆管</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left_hepatic_duct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Left hepatic duct（页面不存在）">左肝管</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Right_hepatic_duct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Right hepatic duct（页面不存在）">右肝管</a></li></ul> <ul><li>肝外：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_hepatic_duct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common hepatic duct（页面不存在）">肝管</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%86%E5%9B%8A" title="胆囊">胆囊</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>区域：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Body_of_gallbladder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Body of gallbladder（页面不存在）">胆囊体</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundus_of_gallbladder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundus of gallbladder（页面不存在）">胆囊底</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neck_of_gallbladder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neck of gallbladder（页面不存在）">胆囊颈</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cystic_duct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cystic duct（页面不存在）">胆囊管</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_bile_duct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common bile duct（页面不存在）">胆总管</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%83%B0%E5%A3%BA%E8%85%B9" title="肝胰壺腹">肝胰壶腹</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="壶腹括约肌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sphincter of ampulla"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B6%E8%85%B9%E6%8B%AC%E7%BA%A6%E8%82%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="壶腹括约肌（页面不存在）">壶腹括约肌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphincter_of_ampulla" class="extiw" title="en:Sphincter of ampulla"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sphincter of ampulla</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li>细胞：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholecystocyte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cholecystocyte（页面不存在）">Cholecystocyte</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E8%84%8F" title="胰脏">胰脏</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li>区域：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胰尾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tail of pancreas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B0%E5%B0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胰尾（页面不存在）">胰尾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail_of_pancreas" class="extiw" title="en:Tail of pancreas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tail of pancreas</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胰腺体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Body of pancreas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B0%E8%85%BA%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胰腺体（页面不存在）">胰腺体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_pancreas" class="extiw" title="en:Body of pancreas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Body of pancreas</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胰颈部" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neck of pancreas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B0%E9%A2%88%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胰颈部（页面不存在）">胰颈部</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neck_of_pancreas" class="extiw" title="en:Neck of pancreas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neck of pancreas</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胰头" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Head of pancreas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B0%E5%A4%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胰头（页面不存在）">胰头</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_pancreas" class="extiw" title="en:Head of pancreas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Head of pancreas</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="钩突" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Uncinate process of pancreas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%A9%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钩突（页面不存在）">钩突</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncinate_process_of_pancreas" class="extiw" title="en:Uncinate process of pancreas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Uncinate process of pancreas</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <ul><li>管：<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E7%AE%A1" title="胰管">胰管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="附属胰腺管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Accessory pancreatic duct"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E8%83%B0%E8%85%BA%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="附属胰腺管（页面不存在）">附属胰腺管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessory_pancreatic_duct" class="extiw" title="en:Accessory pancreatic duct"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Accessory pancreatic duct</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li>功能：<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="胰岛">胰岛</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胰腺外分泌成分" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Exocrine component of pancreas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B0%E8%85%BA%E5%A4%96%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E6%88%90%E5%88%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胰腺外分泌成分（页面不存在）">胰腺外分泌成分</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exocrine_component_of_pancreas" class="extiw" title="en:Exocrine component of pancreas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Exocrine component of pancreas</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li>细胞：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泡心细胞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Centroacinar cell"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A1%E5%BF%83%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泡心细胞（页面不存在）">泡心细胞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroacinar_cell" class="extiw" title="en:Centroacinar cell"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Centroacinar cell</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E8%85%BA%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%A2%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="胰腺星形細胞">胰腺星形細胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Digestive_system_navs" title="Template:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Digestive_system_navs" title="Template talk:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Digestive_system_navs" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="消化系统索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统</a>索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">描述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>解剖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="Template:消化道">消化道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E8%85%BA" title="Template:附属消化腺">消化腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%85%B9%E8%85%94" title="Template:腹腔">其他</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%83%83%E8%82%A0%E9%81%93%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:胃肠道生理学">生理</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%85%B6%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:消化酶类">酵素</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2" title="Template:消化系统发育">發育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">疾病</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_digestive_system" title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of digestive system">先天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4" title="Template:消化系统肿瘤">腫瘤</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Crohn%27s_disease_and_ulcerative_colitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis（页面不存在）">炎症性腸病</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Crohn%27s_disease_and_ulcerative_colitis" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Gluten sensitivity" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Gluten sensitivity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Gluten_sensitivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Gluten sensitivity（页面不存在）">穀蛋白過敏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Gluten_sensitivity" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Gluten sensitivity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Gluten sensitivity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Template:消化系统疾病">其他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Digestive_system_and_abdomen_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Digestive system and abdomen symptoms and signs">症狀</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_digestive_system_and_general_abdominal_signs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs（页面不存在）">齊名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_digestive_system_and_general_abdominal_signs" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Template:血液检验项目">血檢</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">治療</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="Template:消化系统外科手术方法">治療過程</a></li> <li>藥物 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%84%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:雄激素类">合成代谢类固醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E9%85%B8%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:抗酸药">抗酸药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%A2%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF%E3%80%81%E8%82%A0%E9%81%93%E6%8A%97%E7%82%8E/%E6%8A%97%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:止泻药、肠道抗炎/抗感染药">腹瀉及感染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%82%9D%E3%80%81%E8%83%86%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:肝、胆疾病治疗药">肝胆病治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7%E8%83%83%E8%82%A0%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:功能性胃肠疾病治疗药物">功能性胃腸疾病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BD%BB%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:轻泻药">轻泻药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93%E6%BA%83%E7%96%A1%E5%92%8C%E8%83%83%E9%A3%9F%E7%AE%A1%E5%8F%8D%E6%B5%81%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:消化道溃疡和胃食管反流病治疗药物">消化道潰瘍和胃食管反流病治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%A2%E5%90%90%E5%89%82" title="Template:止吐剂">止吐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%83%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:其它消化道和代谢药物">其他</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="Template:消化系统外科手术方法">手術</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="躯干的解剖，消化系统：胃肠道（Gastrointestinal_tract），不包括口腔（TA_A05.3–7（英语：-&#123;Terminologia_Anatomica&#125;-）、TH_H3.04.02-04（英语：-&#123;Terminologia_Histologica&#125;-）、GA_11.1141（英语：-&#123;List_of_subjects_in_Gray&#039;s_Anatomy:_XI._Splanchnology&#125;-））" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="Template:消化道"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="Template talk:消化道"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:消化道"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="躯干的解剖，消化系统：胃肠道（Gastrointestinal_tract），不包括口腔（TA_A05.3–7（英语：-&#123;Terminologia_Anatomica&#125;-）、TH_H3.04.02-04（英语：-&#123;Terminologia_Histologica&#125;-）、GA_11.1141（英语：-&#123;List_of_subjects_in_Gray&#039;s_Anatomy:_XI._Splanchnology&#125;-））" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%80%E5%B9%B9" title="軀幹">躯干</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="人体解剖学">解剖</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">胃肠道（Gastrointestinal tract）</a>，不包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94" title="口腔">口腔</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TA A05.3–7" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Terminologia Anatomica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TA_A05.3%E2%80%937&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TA A05.3–7（页面不存在）">TA A05.3–7</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" class="extiw" title="en:Terminologia Anatomica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Terminologia Anatomica</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TH H3.04.02-04" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Terminologia Histologica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TH_H3.04.02-04&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TH H3.04.02-04（页面不存在）">TH H3.04.02-04</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminologia_Histologica" class="extiw" title="en:Terminologia Histologica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Terminologia Histologica</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GA 11.1141" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: XI. Splanchnology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GA_11.1141&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GA 11.1141（页面不存在）">GA 11.1141</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_subjects_in_Gray%27s_Anatomy:_XI._Splanchnology" class="extiw" title="en:List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: XI. Splanchnology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: XI. Splanchnology</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#上消化道" title="消化系统">上消化道</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">咽</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梨状窝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Piriform sinus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%A8%E7%8A%B6%E7%AA%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梨状窝（页面不存在）">梨状窝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piriform_sinus" class="extiw" title="en:Piriform sinus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Piriform sinus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li>空间（腔） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E5%91%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99" title="咽周间隙">咽周间隙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E5%90%8E%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽后间隙（页面不存在）">咽后间隙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E6%97%81%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽旁间隙（页面不存在）">咽旁间隙</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="食管后间隙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Retrovisceral space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E7%AE%A1%E5%90%8E%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食管后间隙（页面不存在）">食管后间隙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrovisceral_space" class="extiw" title="en:Retrovisceral space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Retrovisceral space</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咽后间隙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Retropharyngeal space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E5%90%8E%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽后间隙（页面不存在）">咽后间隙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retropharyngeal_space" class="extiw" title="en:Retropharyngeal space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Retropharyngeal space</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="危险间隙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Danger space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="危险间隙（页面不存在）">危险间隙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danger_space" class="extiw" title="en:Danger space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Danger space</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="椎前间隙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prevertebral space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8E%E5%89%8D%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="椎前间隙（页面不存在）">椎前间隙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevertebral_space" class="extiw" title="en:Prevertebral space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prevertebral space</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="翼突下頷縫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pterygomandibular raphe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BC%E7%AA%81%E4%B8%8B%E9%A0%B7%E7%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="翼突下頷縫（页面不存在）">翼突下頷縫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygomandibular_raphe" class="extiw" title="en:Pterygomandibular raphe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pterygomandibular raphe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咽缝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pharyngeal raphe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E7%BC%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽缝（页面不存在）">咽缝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_raphe" class="extiw" title="en:Pharyngeal raphe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pharyngeal raphe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="颊咽筋膜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buccopharyngeal fascia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%8A%E5%92%BD%E7%AD%8B%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="颊咽筋膜（页面不存在）">颊咽筋膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccopharyngeal_fascia" class="extiw" title="en:Buccopharyngeal fascia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buccopharyngeal fascia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咽颅底筋膜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pharyngobasilar fascia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E9%A2%85%E5%BA%95%E7%AD%8B%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽颅底筋膜（页面不存在）">咽颅底筋膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngobasilar_fascia" class="extiw" title="en:Pharyngobasilar fascia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pharyngobasilar fascia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咽肌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pharyngeal muscles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E8%82%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽肌（页面不存在）">咽肌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_muscles" class="extiw" title="en:Pharyngeal muscles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pharyngeal muscles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="食道上括約肌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Upper esophageal sphincter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93%E4%B8%8A%E6%8B%AC%E7%B4%84%E8%82%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食道上括約肌（页面不存在）">食道上括約肌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_esophageal_sphincter" class="extiw" title="en:Upper esophageal sphincter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Upper esophageal sphincter</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B2%E9%97%A8" title="贲门">食道下括約肌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E7%AE%A1%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食管腺（页面不存在）">食管腺</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="漿膜(組織學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="serosa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%BF%E8%86%9C(%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漿膜(組織學)（页面不存在）">漿膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serosa" class="extiw" title="en:serosa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">serosa</span></a></span>）</span></span> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%86%9C" title="外膜">外膜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肌层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muscular layer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%A4" title="肌層">肌层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_layer" class="extiw" title="en:Muscular layer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muscular layer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="黏膜下層">黏膜下層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="黏膜">黏膜</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%82" title="黏膜肌层">黏膜肌层</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>按区域划分：</i></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胃大弯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Greater curvature of the stomach"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃大弯（页面不存在）">胃大弯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_curvature_of_the_stomach" class="extiw" title="en:Greater curvature of the stomach"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Greater curvature of the stomach</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胃小弯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lesser curvature of the stomach"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E5%B0%8F%E5%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃小弯（页面不存在）">胃小弯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_curvature_of_the_stomach" class="extiw" title="en:Lesser curvature of the stomach"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lesser curvature of the stomach</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="角切迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Angular incisure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E5%88%87%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角切迹（页面不存在）">角切迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_incisure" class="extiw" title="en:Angular incisure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Angular incisure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B2%E9%97%A8" title="贲门">贲门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃底</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%97%A8" title="幽门">幽门</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%97%A8" title="幽门">幽门窦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%97%A8" title="幽门">幽门管</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>按层划分：</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="漿膜(組織學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="serosa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%BF%E8%86%9C(%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漿膜(組織學)（页面不存在）">漿膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serosa" class="extiw" title="en:serosa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">serosa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肌层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muscular layer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%A4" title="肌層">肌层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_layer" class="extiw" title="en:Muscular layer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muscular layer</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%97%A8" title="幽门">幽门括约肌</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="黏膜下層">黏膜下層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="胃黏膜">胃黏膜</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%82" title="黏膜肌层">黏膜肌层</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胃皱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gastric rugae"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E7%9A%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃皱（页面不存在）">胃皱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_rugae" class="extiw" title="en:Gastric rugae"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gastric rugae</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83%E5%B0%8F%E5%87%B9" title="胃小凹">胃小凹</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胃腺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fundic glands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃腺（页面不存在）">胃腺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundic_glands" class="extiw" title="en:Fundic glands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fundic glands</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贲门腺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cardiac glands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B2%E9%97%A8%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贲门腺（页面不存在）">贲门腺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_glands" class="extiw" title="en:Cardiac glands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cardiac glands</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胃底腺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fundic glands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E5%BA%95%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃底腺（页面不存在）">胃底腺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundic_glands" class="extiw" title="en:Fundic glands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fundic glands</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="幽门腺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pyloric glands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BD%E9%97%A8%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="幽门腺（页面不存在）">幽门腺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyloric_glands" class="extiw" title="en:Pyloric glands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pyloric glands</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AF%E7%8A%B6%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="杯状细胞">杯状细胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#下消化道" title="消化系统">下消化道</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E8%87%9F" title="腸臟">腸臟</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%82%A0" title="小肠">小肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;">层</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%BF%E8%86%9C" class="mw-disambig" title="漿膜">浆膜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="浆膜下层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Subserosa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%86%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="浆膜下层（页面不存在）">浆膜下层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subserosa" class="extiw" title="en:Subserosa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Subserosa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肌层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muscular layer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%A4" title="肌層">肌层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_layer" class="extiw" title="en:Muscular layer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muscular layer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="环状皱襞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Circular folds"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E7%8A%B6%E7%9A%B1%E8%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环状皱襞（页面不存在）">环状皱襞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_folds" class="extiw" title="en:Circular folds"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Circular folds</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="黏膜下層">黏膜下層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="黏膜">黏膜</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%82" title="黏膜肌层">黏膜肌层</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BE%E4%BA%9E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E5%8F%A2" title="派亞氏淋巴叢">派亞氏淋巴叢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A0%E7%BB%92%E6%AF%9B" title="肠绒毛">肠绒毛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E8%B2%9D%E6%98%86%E6%B0%8F%E8%85%BA" title="利貝昆氏腺">肠腺</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0" title="十二指肠">十二指肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%85%B8%E6%87%B8%E8%82%8C" title="十二指腸懸肌">十二指腸懸肌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%B3%E5%A4%B4" title="十二指肠大乳头">十二指肠大乳头</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0%E5%B0%8F%E4%B9%B3%E5%A4%B4" title="十二指肠小乳头">十二指肠小乳头</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0" title="十二指肠">十二指肠球部</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="十二指肠空肠曲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Duodenojejunal flexure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0%E7%A9%BA%E8%82%A0%E6%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="十二指肠空肠曲（页面不存在）">十二指肠空肠曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenojejunal_flexure" class="extiw" title="en:Duodenojejunal flexure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Duodenojejunal flexure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%80%AB%E7%B4%8D%E6%B0%8F%E8%85%BA" title="布倫納氏腺">十二指肠腺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%85%B8" title="空腸">空腸</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>没有子结构</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%82%A0" title="回肠">回肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%82%A0" title="回肠">末端回肠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B4%E7%9B%B2%E7%93%A3" title="迴盲瓣">回盲瓣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E8%87%9F" title="腸臟">腸臟</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%82%A0" title="大肠">大肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;">层</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="漿膜(組織學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="serosa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%BF%E8%86%9C(%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漿膜(組織學)（页面不存在）">漿膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serosa" class="extiw" title="en:serosa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">serosa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肌层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muscular layer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%A4" title="肌層">肌层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_layer" class="extiw" title="en:Muscular layer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muscular layer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="黏膜下層">黏膜下層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="黏膜">黏膜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E8%82%A0" title="盲肠">盲肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%91%E5%B0%BE" title="阑尾">阑尾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="结肠">结肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="升结肠">升结肠</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="结肠肝曲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="hepatic flexure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0%E8%82%9D%E6%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结肠肝曲（页面不存在）">结肠肝曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hepatic_flexure" class="extiw" title="en:hepatic flexure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">hepatic flexure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="横结肠">横结肠</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="结肠脾曲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="splenic flexure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0%E8%84%BE%E6%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结肠脾曲（页面不存在）">结肠脾曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/splenic_flexure" class="extiw" title="en:splenic flexure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">splenic flexure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="降结肠">降结肠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%8A%B6%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="乙状结肠">乙状结肠</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>continuous</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E8%85%B8%E5%B8%B6" title="結腸帶">結腸帶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="结肠袋" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="haustra"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0%E8%A2%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结肠袋（页面不存在）">结肠袋</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/haustra" class="extiw" title="en:haustra"><span lang="en" dir="auto">haustra</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肠脂垂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="epiploic appendix"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%A0%E8%84%82%E5%9E%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肠脂垂（页面不存在）">肠脂垂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/epiploic_appendix" class="extiw" title="en:epiploic appendix"><span lang="en" dir="auto">epiploic appendix</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0" title="直肠">直肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="直肠横襞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transverse folds of rectum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0%E6%A8%AA%E8%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直肠横襞（页面不存在）">直肠横襞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_folds_of_rectum" class="extiw" title="en:Transverse folds of rectum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transverse folds of rectum</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="直肠壶腹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rectal ampulla"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0%E5%A3%B6%E8%85%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直肠壶腹（页面不存在）">直肠壶腹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectal_ampulla" class="extiw" title="en:Rectal ampulla"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rectal ampulla</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anal canal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛管（页面不存在）">肛管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_canal" class="extiw" title="en:Anal canal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anal canal</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛柱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anal columns"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E6%9F%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛柱（页面不存在）">肛柱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_columns" class="extiw" title="en:Anal columns"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anal columns</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛瓣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anal valves"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E7%93%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛瓣（页面不存在）">肛瓣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_valves" class="extiw" title="en:Anal valves"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anal valves</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛窦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anal sinuses"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E7%AA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛窦（页面不存在）">肛窦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_sinuses" class="extiw" title="en:Anal sinuses"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anal sinuses</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛门皮肤线" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pectinate line"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E7%9A%AE%E8%82%A4%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛门皮肤线（页面不存在）">肛门皮肤线</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectinate_line" class="extiw" title="en:Pectinate line"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pectinate line</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛门内括约肌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sphincter ani internus muscle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E5%86%85%E6%8B%AC%E7%BA%A6%E8%82%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛门内括约肌（页面不存在）">肛门内括约肌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphincter_ani_internus_muscle" class="extiw" title="en:Sphincter ani internus muscle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sphincter ani internus muscle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="括约肌间沟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Intersphincteric groove"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%AC%E7%BA%A6%E8%82%8C%E9%97%B4%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="括约肌间沟（页面不存在）">括约肌间沟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersphincteric_groove" class="extiw" title="en:Intersphincteric groove"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Intersphincteric groove</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛门外括约肌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sphincter ani externus muscle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%96%E6%8B%AC%E7%BA%A6%E8%82%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛门外括约肌（页面不存在）">肛门外括约肌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphincter_ani_externus_muscle" class="extiw" title="en:Sphincter ani externus muscle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sphincter ani externus muscle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人類肛門" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Human anus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="人类肛门">肛门</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_anus" class="extiw" title="en:Human anus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Human anus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Digestive_system_navs" title="Template:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Digestive_system_navs" title="Template talk:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Digestive_system_navs" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="消化系统索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统</a>索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">描述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li>解剖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="Template:消化道">消化道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E8%85%BA" title="Template:附属消化腺">消化腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%85%B9%E8%85%94" title="Template:腹腔">其他</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%83%83%E8%82%A0%E9%81%93%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:胃肠道生理学">生理</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%85%B6%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:消化酶类">酵素</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2" title="Template:消化系统发育">發育</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">疾病</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_digestive_system" title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of digestive system">先天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4" title="Template:消化系统肿瘤">腫瘤</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Crohn%27s_disease_and_ulcerative_colitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis（页面不存在）">炎症性腸病</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Crohn%27s_disease_and_ulcerative_colitis" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Gluten sensitivity" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Gluten sensitivity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Gluten_sensitivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Gluten sensitivity（页面不存在）">穀蛋白過敏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Gluten_sensitivity" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Gluten sensitivity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Gluten sensitivity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Template:消化系统疾病">其他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Digestive_system_and_abdomen_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Digestive system and abdomen symptoms and signs">症狀</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_digestive_system_and_general_abdominal_signs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs（页面不存在）">齊名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_digestive_system_and_general_abdominal_signs" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Template:血液检验项目">血檢</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">治療</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="Template:消化系统外科手术方法">治療過程</a></li> <li>藥物 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%84%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:雄激素类">合成代谢类固醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E9%85%B8%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:抗酸药">抗酸药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%A2%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF%E3%80%81%E8%82%A0%E9%81%93%E6%8A%97%E7%82%8E/%E6%8A%97%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:止泻药、肠道抗炎/抗感染药">腹瀉及感染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%82%9D%E3%80%81%E8%83%86%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:肝、胆疾病治疗药">肝胆病治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7%E8%83%83%E8%82%A0%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:功能性胃肠疾病治疗药物">功能性胃腸疾病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BD%BB%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:轻泻药">轻泻药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93%E6%BA%83%E7%96%A1%E5%92%8C%E8%83%83%E9%A3%9F%E7%AE%A1%E5%8F%8D%E6%B5%81%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:消化道溃疡和胃食管反流病治疗药物">消化道潰瘍和胃食管反流病治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%A2%E5%90%90%E5%89%82" title="Template:止吐剂">止吐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%83%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:其它消化道和代谢药物">其他</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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