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href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-病徵及症狀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病徵及症狀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 病徵及症狀 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-病徵及症狀-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关病徵及症狀子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-病徵及症狀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-第一期梅毒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一期梅毒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 第一期梅毒 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一期梅毒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二期梅毒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二期梅毒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 第二期梅毒 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二期梅毒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-潜伏期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#潜伏期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 潜伏期 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-潜伏期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第三期梅毒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第三期梅毒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 第三期梅毒 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第三期梅毒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-先天性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#先天性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 先天性 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-先天性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-病因" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病因"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 病因 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-病因-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关病因子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-病因-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-病原菌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病原菌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 病原菌 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-病原菌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-传播" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#传播"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 传播 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-传播-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-治療" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#治療"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 治療 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-治療-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关治療子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-治療-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-感染初期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#感染初期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 感染初期 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-感染初期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-感染後期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#感染後期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 感染後期 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-感染後期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-雅-赫氏反應" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#雅-赫氏反應"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 雅-赫氏反應 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-雅-赫氏反應-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-诊断" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#诊断"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 诊断 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-诊断-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关诊断子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-诊断-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-血液检测" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#血液检测"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 血液检测 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-血液检测-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-直接测试" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#直接测试"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 直接测试 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-直接测试-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-预防" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#预防"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 预防 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-预防-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-流行病学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#流行病学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 流行病学 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-流行病学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 历史 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关历史子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-歐洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歐洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 歐洲 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歐洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 中國 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-藝術與文學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#藝術與文學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 藝術與文學 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-藝術與文學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会与文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会与文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 社会与文化 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-社会与文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关社会与文化子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-社会与文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-艺术与文学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#艺术与文学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 艺术与文学 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-艺术与文学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-塔斯基吉和危地马拉研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#塔斯基吉和危地马拉研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 塔斯基吉和危地马拉研究 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-塔斯基吉和危地马拉研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考書籍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考書籍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 參考書籍 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考書籍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 註釋 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 參考文獻 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">梅毒</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。108种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" > 108种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%82%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%9D" title="ቂጥኝ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቂጥኝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A_(%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B6)" title="زهري (مرض) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زهري (مرض)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B6)" title="نوار (مرض) – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نوار (مرض)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B" title="চিফিলিছ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চিফিলিছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADfilis" title="Sífilis – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sífilis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="سیفلیس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیفلیس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Syphilis" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Сіфіліс – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сіфіліс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Сыфіліс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сыфіліс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengang" title="Bengang – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bengang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Сифилис – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сифилис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="সিফিলিস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিফিলিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kle%C3%B1ved_Naplez" title="Kleñved Naplez – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kleñved Naplez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADfilis" title="Sífilis – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sífilis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="سفلیس – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سفلیس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Syfilis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syffilis" title="Syffilis – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Syffilis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Syfilis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Syphilis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bok" title="Bok – 丁卡语" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Bok" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="丁卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%8A%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ސިފިލިސް – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސިފިލިސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Σύφιλη – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύφιλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Syphilis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifiliso" title="Sifiliso – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sifiliso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADfilis" title="Sífilis – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sífilis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCfilis" title="Süüfilis – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süüfilis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="سیفلیس – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیفلیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuppa" title="Kuppa – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuppa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Syphilis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADfilis" title="Sífilis – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sífilis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B6" title="ઉપદંશ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઉપદંશ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunjere" title="Tunjere – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tunjere" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%91%D7%AA" title="עגבת – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עגבת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="उपदंश – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपदंश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szifilisz" title="Szifilisz – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szifilisz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Սիֆիլիս – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիֆիլիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifiliso" title="Sifiliso – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sifiliso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ras%C3%B3tt" title="Sárasótt – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sárasótt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilide" title="Sifilide – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sifilide" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="梅毒 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="梅毒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="სიფილისი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიფილისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Мерез – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мерез" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸಿಫಿಲಿಸ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿಫಿಲಿಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%EB%8F%85" title="매독 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="매독" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%95_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="زہرٕ باد – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زہرٕ باد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Syphilis" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Котон жара – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Котон жара" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Syphilis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Syfilis" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifiliss" title="Sifiliss – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sifiliss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Сифилис – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сифилис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D" title="പറങ്കിപ്പുണ്ണ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പറങ്കിപ്പുണ്ണ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B1%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Тэмбүү – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тэмбүү" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="ကာလသားရောဂါ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာလသားရောဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80" title="भिरिङ्गी – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भिरिङ्गी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Syfilis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Syfilis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Syfilis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D" title="ସିଫିଲିସ୍ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସିଫିଲିସ୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95" title="ਆਤਸ਼ਕ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਤਸ਼ਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C5%82a" title="Kiła – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kiła" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88" title="باو – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="باو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADfilis" title="Sífilis – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sífilis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanthi_unquy" title="Wanthi unquy – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wanthi unquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Сифилис – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сифилис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daveke" title="Daveke – 桑戈语" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Daveke" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%BA" title="උපදංශය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උපදංශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Syphilis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Syfilis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupp%C3%A1" title="Kuppá – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kuppá" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilizi" title="Sifilizi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sifilizi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Сифилис – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сифилис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sifilis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Syfilis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaswende" title="Kaswende – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaswende" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="சிபிலிசு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிபிலிசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="ซิฟิลิส – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซิฟิลิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merez%C3%BDel" title="Merezýel – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Merezýel" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipilis" title="Sipilis – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sipilis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frengi" title="Frengi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Frengi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Сифилис – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сифилис" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88_(%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3)" title="Паш (аарыг) – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Паш (аарыг)" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Сифіліс – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сифіліс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%DA%A9" title="آتشک – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آتشک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaxm" title="Zaxm – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zaxm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giang_mai" title="Giang mai – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giang mai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipilis" title="Sipilis – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sipilis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="梅毒 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="梅毒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="სიფილისი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სიფილისი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="梅毒 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="梅毒" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BBi-to%CC%8Dk" title="Mûi-to̍k – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mûi-to̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="梅毒 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="梅毒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41083#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c">条目</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_life_caution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/22px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/33px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/44px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="190" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="维基百科">维基百科</a>中的醫學内容仅供参考，並不能視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E" title="Wikipedia:医学声明">醫學聲明</a>。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lightgrey">梅毒</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:Treponema_pallidum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Treponema_pallidum.jpg/300px-Treponema_pallidum.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Treponema_pallidum.jpg/450px-Treponema_pallidum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Treponema_pallidum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="500" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="梅毒螺旋體">梅毒螺旋體</a>的電子顯微照片</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">症状</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">堅硬、無痛、無搔癢的皮膚潰瘍<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18553247" class="extiw" title="d:Q18553247">原发性细菌性传染病</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1243869" class="extiw" title="d:Q1243869">密螺旋体病</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56369564" class="extiw" title="d:Q56369564">经典性病</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">疾病</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">病因</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">梅毒螺旋體主要是透過人類性行為傳染<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD" title="诊断">診斷方法</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%AA%A2%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="血液檢查">血液檢查</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%91%E5%88%A5%E8%A8%BA%E6%96%B7" title="鑑別診斷">鑑別診斷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">眾多其他疾病<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">預防</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%A5%97" title="安全套">保險套</a>、避免發生<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA" title="人类性行为">性行為</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">治療</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="抗生素">抗生素</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Tx-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%A3%E7%97%85%E7%8E%87" title="患病率">患病率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4540萬/0.6%（2015）<a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Pre-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">死亡數</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">107,000（2015）<a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Death-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;;;">分类和外部资源</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%88%E7%A7%91" title="醫學專科">醫學專科</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">傳染病科</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="疾病資料庫">DiseasesDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb29054.htm">29054</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000861.htm">000861</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">229461</td></tr><tr class="noprint"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: right; font-size:0.9em;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41083" class="extiw" title="d:Q41083">编辑此条目的维基数据</a>]</td></tr></tbody></table> 梅毒（英語：Syphilis）是一種細菌型的<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="性傳染病">性傳染病</a>，病原體是<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E8%8F%8C" title="螺旋菌">螺旋菌</a>菌种<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="梅毒螺旋體">梅毒螺旋體</a>的一種亞種（Treponema pallidum pallidum）<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Tx-2">[2]</a>。其病原体最早由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃里克·霍夫曼（页面不存在）">埃里克·霍夫曼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Hoffmann" class="extiw" title="en:Erich Hoffmann">Erich Hoffmann</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E8%95%AD%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗里兹·蕭丁（页面不存在）">弗里兹·蕭丁</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Schaudinn" class="extiw" title="en:Fritz Schaudinn">Fritz Schaudinn</a>）在1905年發现。梅毒的病徵和症狀相當多樣，隨著感染期（初期、第二期、潛伏期，和第三期）的不同會有不同的症狀。初期典型呈現單一<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%96%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下疳（页面不存在）">下疳</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/chancre" class="extiw" title="en:chancre">chancre</a>）（堅硬、無痛、無搔癢的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%82%A4%E6%BA%83%E7%96%A1" title="皮肤溃疡">皮膚潰瘍</a>），但會有多處痠痛；在第二期中會出現經常遍布到手掌與腳掌的廣泛紅疹。在口腔與陰道處會有潰瘍。潛伏期的患者症狀通常不明顯，可能維持數年<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">[1]</a>。在第三期會有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E8%85%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅毒腫（页面不存在）">梅毒腫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gummas" class="extiw" title="en:gummas">gummas</a>）（柔軟、非癌症式生長）、神經性與心臟疾病<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。梅毒因其症狀表現類似許多其他疾病，而以「<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%A8%A1%E4%BB%BF%E8%80%85" title="偉大的模仿者">偉大的模仿者</a>」為人熟知<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。 梅毒主要透过<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="人類性行為">人類性行為</a>传播<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">[1]</a>。该疾病也可由母亲在<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E5%AD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="怀孕">怀孕</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%A8%A9" title="分娩">分娩</a>时<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93" title="传染">传染</a>给<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E5%84%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="胎儿">胎儿</a>，导致<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E6%80%A7%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="先天性梅毒">先天性梅毒</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wood092-6">[6]</a>。其他由相关「梅毒螺旋体」造成的人类疾病包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%8F%B8%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="雅司病">雅司病</a>（pertenue亞種）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E4%BB%96%E7%97%85" title="品他病">品他病</a>（carateum亞種）及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%80%A7%E7%97%85%E6%80%A7%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非性病性梅毒（页面不存在）">非性病性梅毒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonvenereal_endemic_syphilis" class="extiw" title="en:Nonvenereal endemic syphilis">Nonvenereal endemic syphilis</a>）（endemicum亞種）<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。通常梅毒可以透過<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%AA%A2%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="血液檢查">血液檢查</a>診斷出來，不過其實梅毒螺旋體能使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E8%A6%96%E9%87%8E%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="暗視野顯微鏡">暗視野顯微鏡</a>檢測。美國疾病預防中心會建議所有孕婦都進行相關檢驗<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">[1]</a>。 防治梅毒的方法包含使用乳膠<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA%E5%A5%97" class="mw-redirect" title="保險套">保險套</a>，與減少性伴侶等方式<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">[1]</a>。梅毒可以利用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="抗生素">抗生素</a>有效治療。許多病例中偏好的抗生素為長效性青黴素—<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%84%E6%98%9F%E9%9D%92%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="苄星青黴素">苄星青霉素</a>进行<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89%E5%85%A7%E6%B3%A8%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="肌肉內注射">肌肉內注射</a>。對於有嚴重<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0%E9%81%8E%E6%95%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="青黴素過敏">青黴素過敏</a>的患者，可以使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%B0%A7%E7%BE%A5%E5%9B%9B%E7%92%B0%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="去氧羥四環素">去氧羥四環素</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%92%B0%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="四環黴素">四環黴素</a>。對於有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%80%A7%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="神經性梅毒">神經性梅毒</a>患者，建議使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="青黴素">青黴素G鉀</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E5%AD%A2%E6%9B%B2%E6%9D%BE" title="頭孢曲松">頭孢曲松</a>。至于对青霉素严重过敏的病患则可以透过口服<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%AF%E7%B4%A0" title="多西环素">多西环素</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%87%E9%9C%89%E7%B4%A0" title="阿奇霉素">阿奇霉素</a>来进行治疗。治療過程中，患者可能會產生發燒、頭痛，與肌肉痛的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85-%E8%B5%AB%E6%B0%8F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="雅-赫氏反應">雅-赫氏反應</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Tx-2">[2]</a>。 在2015年，感染梅毒的人數約4,540萬<a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Pre-3">[3]</a>，新個案則有600萬宗<a href="#cite_note-New2015-7">[7]</a>。而在2015年期間，梅毒造成10.7萬人死亡，相對於1990年的20.2萬人已降低許多<a href="#cite_note-Loz2012-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Death-4">[4]</a>。1940年代，由於抗藥性的關係，青黴素的效用大幅降低。於是，感染率自世紀之交後便在許多國家上升，通常合併<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%A8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="人類免疫不全病毒">人類免疫不全病毒</a>（HIV）<a href="#cite_note-Music082-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。據信部分導因於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%88%E8%85%BF%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="劈腿族">性滥交者</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="性交易">性交易</a>的增加，保險套使用的降低及各種不安全性行為<a href="#cite_note-Coffin2010-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gao2009-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Karp2009-12">[12]</a>。2015年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4" title="古巴">古巴</a>成為世界第一個根除母子垂直感染梅毒的國家<a href="#cite_note-WHOCUba2015-13">[13]</a>。 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56805754">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="病徵及症狀">病徵及症狀</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：病徵及症狀">编辑</a>]</div> 梅毒的病程共有四期：第一期、第二期、潛伏期，和第三期<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>，另外也有<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E6%80%A7%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D" title="先天性障碍">先天性梅毒</a><a href="#cite_note-ST10-14">[14]</a>。由於梅毒的症狀多樣，因此<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%8B%92" title="威廉·奥斯勒">威廉·奧斯勒爵士</a>以「厲害的模仿者」（the great imitator）一詞來形容該疾病<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-TUS00-15">[15]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第一期梅毒">第一期梅毒</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：第一期梅毒">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Extragenital_syphilitic_chancre_of_the_left_index_finger_PHIL_4147_lores.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Extragenital_syphilitic_chancre_of_the_left_index_finger_PHIL_4147_lores.jpg/220px-Extragenital_syphilitic_chancre_of_the_left_index_finger_PHIL_4147_lores.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Extragenital_syphilitic_chancre_of_the_left_index_finger_PHIL_4147_lores.jpg/330px-Extragenital_syphilitic_chancre_of_the_left_index_finger_PHIL_4147_lores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Extragenital_syphilitic_chancre_of_the_left_index_finger_PHIL_4147_lores.jpg/440px-Extragenital_syphilitic_chancre_of_the_left_index_finger_PHIL_4147_lores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2183" data-file-height="1694" /></a><figcaption>手指上的第一期梅毒硬下疳</figcaption></figure> 初期梅毒通常因與另一已感染者直接性接觸獲得<a href="#cite_note-RedBookSyphilis-16">[16]</a>，暴露後約3至90天（平均21天）出現皮膚損傷，稱原發性<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E7%96%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下疳（页面不存在）">下疳</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancre" class="extiw" title="en:Chancre">Chancre</a>），會出現在接觸的位置<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。典型下疳（機率40%）是單一、硬化、無痛、無皮膚瘙癢潰爛、清楚的邊緣和平整的底部，大小約0.3到3.0公分<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。但是其後續病灶可能會以其他形式出現<a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>。典型的病灶會從<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%91%E7%96%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斑疹（页面不存在）">斑疹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E7%96%B9" title="丘疹">丘疹</a>，最後到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%9C%E7%83%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="糜烂（页面不存在）">糜烂</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%83%E7%96%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="溃疡">溃疡</a><a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>，有時可能出現多發性病灶（〜40%）<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>，尤其是合併愛滋病感染時更為常見。病灶可能會很痛或觸痛（30%），並且可能出現在不是生殖器的位置（2-7%）。在女性最常見的位置是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%AE%E9%A0%B8" title="子宮頸">子宮頸</a>（44%），在男性<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E8%8E%96" class="mw-redirect" title="陰莖">陰莖</a>（99%），在<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="肛門">肛門</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="直腸">直腸</a>比較常見於<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%A6%E4%BA%BA%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="男男性接触人群">與男性性行為</a>的男子（34%）<a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>。下疳形成後7至10天，感染區域周圍的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%B5%90" title="淋巴結">淋巴結</a>常腫大（80%）<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>，若無治療，損傷可能持續三至六週<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第二期梅毒">第二期梅毒</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：第二期梅毒">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secondary_Syphilis_on_palms_CDC_6809_lores.rsh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Secondary_Syphilis_on_palms_CDC_6809_lores.rsh.jpg/220px-Secondary_Syphilis_on_palms_CDC_6809_lores.rsh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Secondary_Syphilis_on_palms_CDC_6809_lores.rsh.jpg/330px-Secondary_Syphilis_on_palms_CDC_6809_lores.rsh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Secondary_Syphilis_on_palms_CDC_6809_lores.rsh.jpg/440px-Secondary_Syphilis_on_palms_CDC_6809_lores.rsh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2077" data-file-height="1389" /></a><figcaption>第二期梅毒的典型表现：手掌上出现皮疹</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syphilis_second_state_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Syphilis_second_state_2.jpg/220px-Syphilis_second_state_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Syphilis_second_state_2.jpg/330px-Syphilis_second_state_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Syphilis_second_state_2.jpg/440px-Syphilis_second_state_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption>身上许多部位因第二期梅毒出现红色<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E7%96%B9" title="丘疹">丘疹</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E6%A0%B8_(%E7%9A%AE%E8%82%A4%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结核 (皮肤病学)（页面不存在）">结核</a></figcaption></figure> 梅毒將會在初期梅毒發生後大約四到十周左右轉為二期梅毒<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。二期梅毒會以許多不同症狀呈現，症狀大多發生在皮膚、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="黏膜">黏膜</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%B5%90" title="淋巴結">淋巴結</a><a href="#cite_note-Sec2010-18">[18]</a>。四肢與指間可能會有具對稱性、介於紅與粉紅之間、不造成搔癢的紅疹<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-2darySyphilis-19">[19]</a>。紅疹可能會轉為<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%91%E4%B8%98%E7%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="斑丘疹">斑丘疹</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BF%E7%98%8D" title="膿瘍">膿瘍</a>，紅疹會漸漸轉為型態扁平、顏色偏白、疣狀的病灶，好發在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="黏膜">黏膜</a>，稱為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%81%E5%B9%B3%E6%BF%95%E7%96%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扁平濕疣（页面不存在）">扁平濕疣</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condylomata_lata" class="extiw" title="en:Condylomata lata">Condylomata lata</a>）。以上這些病灶都充滿細菌且具傳染性。其他的症狀像是：<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E7%87%92" class="mw-redirect" title="發燒">發燒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89%E5%9A%A8%E7%97%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="喉嚨痛">喉嚨痛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%A6%E6%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="倦怠">倦怠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E9%87%8D%E6%B8%9B%E8%BC%95" class="mw-redirect" title="體重減輕">體重減輕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%89%E9%AB%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="掉髮">掉髮</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%97%9B" title="頭痛">頭痛</a><a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>，較少見的表徵像是<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="肝炎">肝炎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BE%E8%84%8F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="肾脏疾病">腎臟疾病</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%82%E7%82%8E" title="关节炎">關節炎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E" title="骨膜炎">骨膜炎</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%96%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="視神經炎（页面不存在）">視神經炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuritis" class="extiw" title="en:Optic neuritis">Optic neuritis</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E" title="葡萄膜炎">葡萄膜炎</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%93%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="間質性角膜炎（页面不存在）">間質性角膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_keratitis" class="extiw" title="en:Interstitial keratitis">Interstitial keratitis</a>）<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eye07-20">[20]</a>。急性症狀往往會在三到六周之間緩解<a href="#cite_note-Eye07-20">[20]</a>有將近四分之一的患者會重複出現二期梅毒的症狀。許多表現二期梅毒症狀的人（40%－80%的女性、20%－65%的男性），並沒有經歷過初期梅毒（硬下疳）的典型症狀<a href="#cite_note-Sec2010-18">[18]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="潜伏期">潜伏期</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：潜伏期">编辑</a>]</div> 梅毒潛伏期定義為：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B8%85%E5%AD%A6" title="血清学">血清学</a>上有感染證據，但卻沒有呈現症狀的時期<a href="#cite_note-RedBookSyphilis-16">[16]</a>。潛伏期發生時機差異很大，在美國，以二期梅毒症狀發生後一年為分界，分為早發潛伏期與晚發潛伏期<a href="#cite_note-Eye07-20">[20]</a>，在英國，則以兩年為分界<a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>進入早發潛伏期的梅毒容易復發而晚發潛伏期的梅毒往往<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E7%97%87%E7%8B%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沒有症狀（页面不存在）">沒有症狀</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic" class="extiw" title="en:Asymptomatic">Asymptomatic</a>），也並不像是進入早發潛伏期的梅毒一樣具有傳染性<a href="#cite_note-Eye07-20">[20]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第三期梅毒">第三期梅毒</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：第三期梅毒">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tertiary_syphilis_head.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Tertiary_syphilis_head.JPG/220px-Tertiary_syphilis_head.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Tertiary_syphilis_head.JPG/330px-Tertiary_syphilis_head.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Tertiary_syphilis_head.JPG/440px-Tertiary_syphilis_head.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="1604" /></a><figcaption>罹患第三期梅毒（梅毒瘤）的病患。巴黎<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="人類博物館">人类博物馆</a>内半身像。</figcaption></figure> 三期梅毒在初次感染梅毒後三到十五年後發生，而且分為三種不同的形態：橡膠樣梅毒瘤（gummatous syphilis，15%）、晚期<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%80%A7%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="神經性梅毒">神經性梅毒</a>（6.5%）以及梅毒性心血管疾病（10%）<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eye07-20">[20]</a>。未經治療的梅毒，將有三分之一的患者進入三期梅毒<a href="#cite_note-Eye07-20">[20]</a>，三期梅毒患者並未具有傳染性<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。 梅毒瘤或晚發<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E6%80%A7" title="良性">良性</a>梅毒，通常好發在初次感染梅毒後1到46年後，平均大約是十五年。這個階段會形成慢性的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E7%98%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅毒瘤（页面不存在）">梅毒瘤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumma_(pathology)" class="extiw" title="en:Gumma (pathology)">Gumma (pathology)</a>），往往是軟質、持續發炎的肉瘤組織，大小則不斷變動。一般來說會感染皮膚、骨頭和肝臟，但可發生在全身各處<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%80%A7%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="神經性梅毒">神經性梅毒</a>指的是梅毒已經感染<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%A8%9E%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="中樞神經">中樞神經</a>。在感染初期可能就會發生，此時可能毫無症狀或是以梅毒性<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="腦炎">腦炎</a>的方式表現；或是晚期以顱內血管性梅毒、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9%E6%80%A7%E7%97%B4%E5%91%86" title="麻痹性痴呆">麻痹性痴呆</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅毒性脊髓炎（页面不存在）">梅毒性脊髓炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabes_dorsalis" class="extiw" title="en:Tabes dorsalis">Tabes dorsalis</a>）表現，會造成下肢平衡性差，以及宛如被閃電擊中的疼痛。晚期神經性梅毒一般發生在初次感染後的四到二十五年後顱內血管性梅毒的症狀一般會以情緒淡漠、癲癇、輕癱伴隨<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%99%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="失智">失智</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅毒性脊髓炎（页面不存在）">梅毒性脊髓炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabes_dorsalis" class="extiw" title="en:Tabes dorsalis">Tabes dorsalis</a>）<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。神經性梅毒也會表現<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%9B%96%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E9%80%8A%E7%9E%B3%E5%AD%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿盖尔·罗伯逊瞳孔（页面不存在）">阿盖尔·罗伯逊瞳孔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyll_Robertson_pupil" class="extiw" title="en:Argyll Robertson pupil">Argyll Robertson pupil</a>），指的是雙側瞳孔對焦近物時會縮小，對強光卻沒有反應的症狀。 梅毒性心血管疾病發生在初次感染後十到三十年間，最嚴重的併發症是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E5%8B%95%E8%84%88%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅毒性主動脈炎（页面不存在）">梅毒性主動脈炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilitic_aortitis" class="extiw" title="en:Syphilitic aortitis">Syphilitic_aortitis</a>），可能會導致<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%8B%95%E8%84%88%E7%98%A4" title="主動脈瘤">主動脈瘤</a>的形成<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="先天性">先天性</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：先天性">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E6%80%A7%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="先天性梅毒">先天性梅毒</a>指的是在懷孕期間或出生時被傳染的梅毒。三分之二感染梅毒的嬰兒，出生時並沒有任何症狀，兩歲左右開始出現的常見症狀有：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E8%84%BE%E8%85%AB%E5%A4%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝脾腫大（页面不存在）">肝脾腫大</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatosplenomegaly" class="extiw" title="en:Hepatosplenomegaly">Hepatosplenomegaly</a>）（七成）、紅疹（七成）、發燒（四成）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%80%A7%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="神經性梅毒">神經性梅毒</a>（兩成）以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="肺炎">肺炎</a>（兩成）。如果沒有接受治療，可能有四成會轉為晚期先天性梅毒，出現<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9E%8D%E5%9E%8B%E9%BC%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鞍型鼻（页面不存在）">鞍型鼻</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddle_nose" class="extiw" title="en:Saddle nose">Saddle nose</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E5%90%84%E9%96%80%E7%B4%8D%E5%A5%87%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希各門納奇斯特徵（页面不存在）">希各門納奇斯特徵</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higoum%C3%A9nakis%27_sign" class="extiw" title="en:Higouménakis' sign">Higouménakis' sign</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E5%88%80%E7%8B%80%E8%84%9B%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軍刀狀脛骨（页面不存在）">軍刀狀脛骨</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saber_shin" class="extiw" title="en:Saber shin">Saber shin</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E9%A0%93%E6%B0%8F%E9%97%9C%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克勞頓氏關節（页面不存在）">克勞頓氏關節</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutton%27s_joints" class="extiw" title="en:Clutton's joints">Clutton's joints</a>）等症狀<a href="#cite_note-Wood093-21">[21]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="病因">病因</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：病因">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="病原菌">病原菌</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：病原菌">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treponema_pallidum_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Treponema_pallidum_01.png/220px-Treponema_pallidum_01.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Treponema_pallidum_01.png/330px-Treponema_pallidum_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Treponema_pallidum_01.png/440px-Treponema_pallidum_01.png 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>「苍白螺旋体」螺旋体以施泰纳银染色修改后的病理组织</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="梅毒螺旋體">梅毒螺旋體</a>亞種螺旋體是螺旋狀、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E8%98%AD%E6%B0%8F%E9%99%B0%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="革蘭氏陰性">革蘭氏陰性</a>、移動性強的細菌<a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Music08-22">[22]</a>，其他相關梅毒螺旋體引起的人類疾病包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%8F%B8%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="雅司病">雅司病</a>（雅司亞種）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E4%BB%96%E7%97%85" title="品他病">品他病</a>（斑點螺旋體亞種）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%80%A7%E7%97%85%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非性病梅毒（页面不存在）">非性病梅毒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonvenereal_endemic_syphilis" class="extiw" title="en:Nonvenereal endemic syphilis">Nonvenereal endemic syphilis</a>）（流行性亞種）<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>，它們不會導致神經系統疾病<a href="#cite_note-Wood09-23">[23]</a>。人類是梅毒螺旋體亞種唯一已知的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%AE%BF%E4%B8%BB" title="自然宿主">自然宿主</a><a href="#cite_note-ST10-14">[14]</a>，其無法在宿主以外的環境存活數天。這是由於其基因組很小（1.14 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道尔顿(单位)（页面不存在）">MDa</a>），所以未編碼製造主要營養的代謝路徑。梅毒螺旋體亞種的倍增時間大於30小時，是較緩慢的<a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="传播">传播</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：传播">编辑</a>]</div> 梅毒主要是透過性行為傳染，或在<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E5%AD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="懷孕">懷孕</a>時由母親垂直傳染給<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E5%85%92" title="胎兒">胎兒</a>，螺旋體可穿過粘膜或有傷口的皮膚<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ST10-14">[14]</a>，因此若<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%90%BB" title="親吻">親吻</a>時有碰觸到傷口也是有可能被感染，同樣地，口交、性交以及肛交都是傳染途徑<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。大約30-60%曾接觸第一期或第二期梅毒病灶的人會得到此病<a href="#cite_note-Eye07-20">[20]</a>。若用實例來解說，57個接種個體中大約有50%的機率會被感染，如此可知梅毒的傳染力<a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>。大多數（60%）發生在美國的新病例都是男男間性交導致。它同樣也會藉由<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E5%88%B6%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="血液制品">血液製品</a>傳播，但因為現今有許多國家都開始進行血液檢測，所以也降低了傳染風險。因為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A8%E9%87%9D%E9%A0%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="共用針頭（页面不存在）">共用針頭</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle_sharing" class="extiw" title="en:Needle sharing">Needle sharing</a>）而感染梅毒的機率已可說是相當少見了<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。 梅毒螺旋体怕干燥、怕<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="氧气">氧气</a>，所以在人体外的生存能力極低，在干燥環境和阳光照射下很快便死亡，但在潮湿环境下可以生存较长时间。梅毒通常不會經由馬桶座墊、日常活動、浴缸或分享餐具或衣物而傳播<a href="#cite_note-CDC2014-24">[24]</a>。這主要是因為该细菌在離開人體後很快就會死亡，所以藉由<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="生物體">生物體</a>來做為傳播媒介是幾乎不可能的<a href="#cite_note-Csonka1990-25">[25]</a>。普通消毒剂如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E6%B1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="升汞">升汞</a>（1:1000）和热肥皂水都能在短时间内消滅此细菌，煮沸也可將其立即殺死。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="治療">治療</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：治療">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="感染初期">感染初期</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：感染初期">编辑</a>]</div> 不複雜梅毒之首選治療仍然是單一劑量的肌內注射<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="青黴素">長效性青黴素</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015a-26">[26]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%AF%E7%B4%A0" title="多西环素">多西環素</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%92%B0%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="四環黴素">四環黴素</a>則是對青黴素過敏的替代選擇；然而，因有胎兒出生缺陷的風險，不建議孕婦使用此兩藥<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015a-26">[26]</a>。梅毒對<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%92%B0%E5%85%A7%E9%85%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="巨環內酯">巨環內酯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B9%B3" title="利福平">利福平</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E9%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="克林黴素">克林黴素</a>常有<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0%E6%8A%97%E8%97%A5%E6%80%A7" title="抗生素抗藥性">抗藥性</a><a href="#cite_note-ST10-14">[14]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E5%AD%A2%E6%9B%B2%E6%9D%BE" title="頭孢曲松">頭孢曲松</a>，是第三代<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E5%AD%A2%E8%8F%8C%E7%B4%A0" title="頭孢菌素">頭孢菌素</a>，和青黴素一樣有效<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。建議治療中的人在水泡未痊癒之前，避免進行性行為<a href="#cite_note-CDC2014-24">[24]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="感染後期">感染後期</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：感染後期">编辑</a>]</div> 因青黴素G難以滲入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%A8%9E%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="中樞神經系統">中樞神經系統</a>，對於神經性梅毒，則建議靜脈注射大劑量青黴素最少10天<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ST10-14">[14]</a>。如果對青黴素過敏，可改用雙鈉鹽或減敏療程。若較晚治療可連續三周每週一次肌肉注射青黴素G。在梅毒早期，如對盤尼西林過敏，可使用德霸黴素膠囊或四環黴素，但改用此兩藥會治療較久。在此階段治療可限制疾病進展，但對已損傷處則僅有輕微的作用<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="雅-赫氏反應">雅-赫氏反應</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：雅-赫氏反應">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85-%E8%B5%AB%E6%B0%8F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="雅-赫氏反應">雅-赫氏反應</a></div> 治療的其中一個副作用是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85-%E8%B5%AB%E6%B0%8F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="雅-赫氏反應">雅-赫氏反應</a>。此副作用經常一小時之內發生，並持續24小時發燒、肌肉痛、頭痛和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%B7%B3%E5%8A%A0%E5%BF%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="心跳加快">心跳加快</a><a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。它是因為破裂的梅毒桿菌釋放脂蛋白（內毒素），導致免疫系統釋放<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞激素">細胞激素</a>所引起的現象<a href="#cite_note-Radolf2006-27">[27]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="诊断">诊断</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：诊断">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syphilis_false_shame_and_fear_may_destroy_your_future.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Syphilis_false_shame_and_fear_may_destroy_your_future.png/220px-Syphilis_false_shame_and_fear_may_destroy_your_future.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Syphilis_false_shame_and_fear_may_destroy_your_future.png/330px-Syphilis_false_shame_and_fear_may_destroy_your_future.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Syphilis_false_shame_and_fear_may_destroy_your_future.png/440px-Syphilis_false_shame_and_fear_may_destroy_your_future.png 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>1936年美國的一幅梅毒检验海报，图中有一男一女因羞耻而低头，底部文字：错误的羞耻和害怕会毁了你的一生，去做血液测试吧。</figcaption></figure> 临床上，很难从外观早期诊断出梅毒<a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>，須利用<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%AA%A2%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="血液檢查">血液檢查</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="顯微鏡學">顯微鏡檢</a>方能確診，驗血因較好操作，故較常用<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。然而，以上檢查無法區分是在梅毒的哪一個分期<a href="#cite_note-Orgin10-28">[28]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="血液检测">血液检测</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：血液检测">编辑</a>]</div> 血液測試分成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E5%AF%86%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非密螺旋體試驗（页面不存在）">非密螺旋體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nontreponemal_tests_for_syphilis" class="extiw" title="en:Nontreponemal tests for syphilis">Nontreponemal tests for syphilis</a>）及密螺旋體試驗<a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>。非密螺旋體試驗通常用作初篩，包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E7%97%85%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性病研究實驗室試驗（页面不存在）">性病研究實驗室試驗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/venereal_disease_research_laboratory" class="extiw" title="en:venereal disease research laboratory">venereal disease research laboratory</a>）（VDRL）及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E8%A1%80%E6%BC%BF%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%B4%A0%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="快速血漿反應素試驗（页面不存在）">快速血漿反應素試驗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rapid_plasma_reagin" class="extiw" title="en:rapid plasma reagin">rapid plasma reagin</a>）（RPR）。然而這些試驗有時會出現<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E9%99%BD%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="偽陽性">偽陽性</a>，需要利用密螺旋體試驗再做確認，例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94%E9%A1%86%E7%B2%92%E5%87%9D%E9%9B%86%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅毒螺旋體顆粒凝集試驗（页面不存在）">梅毒螺旋體顆粒凝集試驗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/treponemal_pallidum_particle_agglutination" class="extiw" title="en:treponemal pallidum particle agglutination">treponemal pallidum particle agglutination</a>）（TP-PA）或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%A2%E5%85%89%E5%AF%86%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94%E6%8A%97%E9%AB%94%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="螢光密螺旋體抗體吸收試驗（页面不存在）">螢光密螺旋體抗體吸收試驗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fluorescent_treponemal_antibody_absorption_test" class="extiw" title="en:fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test">fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test</a>）（FTA-Abs）<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。非密螺旋體試驗偽陽性也可能出現在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%97%98" title="水痘">水痘</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%96%B9" title="麻疹">麻疹</a>病毒感染的患者，或是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%98%A4" title="淋巴瘤">淋巴瘤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%B5%90%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="肺結核">肺結核</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%98%A7%E7%96%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="瘧疾">瘧疾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E5%86%85%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E" title="心内膜炎">心內膜炎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E7%B7%A0%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%97%85" title="結締組織病">結締組織病</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%8A%E5%A8%A0" title="妊娠">妊娠</a>等狀況下<a href="#cite_note-RedBookSyphilis-16">[16]</a>。密螺旋體抗體試驗通常在開始感染後2至5週即會呈現陽性反應<a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>，而神經性梅毒可藉由已知梅毒感染下，大量的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%80%E7%90%83" title="白血球">白血球</a>（主要是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="淋巴球">淋巴球</a>）及<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E8%84%8A%E6%B6%B2" title="腦脊液">腦脊液</a>中高蛋白質含量作診斷<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-RedBookSyphilis-16">[16]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="直接测试">直接测试</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：直接测试">编辑</a>]</div> 下疳患者的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%86%E8%86%9C%E7%A7%AF%E6%B6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="浆膜积液（页面不存在）">浆膜积液</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serous_fluid" class="extiw" title="en:Serous fluid">Serous fluid</a>）在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E8%A6%96%E9%87%8E%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="暗視野顯微鏡">暗視野顯微鏡</a>下可能可以做立即性的診斷。在取得檢體10分鐘以內要做檢驗，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%95%8F%E5%BA%A6%E5%92%8C%E7%89%B9%E7%95%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="靈敏度和特異度">靈敏度</a>可達到接近80%，然而醫院並不是隨時備有這樣的設備給檢驗人員使用，因此僅可用作確認，而非初步診斷。另外2種試驗也可用於檢驗下疳患者的檢體，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E8%9E%A2%E5%85%89%E6%8A%97%E9%AB%94%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直接螢光抗體試驗（页面不存在）">直接螢光抗體試驗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/direct_fluorescent_antibody" class="extiw" title="en:direct fluorescent antibody">direct fluorescent antibody</a>）（DFA）及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E5%A2%9E%E5%B9%85%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="核酸增幅試驗">核酸增幅試驗</a>。直接螢光抗體試驗利用標有螢光素的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="抗體">抗體</a>與特定的梅毒蛋白結合，而核酸增幅試驗利用<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E9%85%B6%E9%8F%88%E9%8E%96%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="聚合酶鏈鎖反應">聚合酶鏈鎖反應</a>（PCR）等技術偵測梅毒特定基因序列的存在。這些檢驗方法不受時間影響，因為不需要活的菌體即可檢驗<a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="预防">预防</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：预防">编辑</a>]</div> 截至2020年為止，並沒有疫苗能有效地預防梅毒<a href="#cite_note-ST10-14">[14]</a>，不過正在研發一些根據梅毒螺旋體蛋白來降低病變的疫苗<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>。避免與感染者的親密身體接觸可以有效降低梅毒傳播機率，正確使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%A5%97" title="安全套">乳膠安全套</a>也可以降低梅毒傳播機率，但不等於能完全消弭相關風險<a href="#cite_note-CDC_Fact_Sheet-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美國疾病管制局">美國疾病管制局</a>建議與未感染的性伴侶維持類似一夫一妻制的長期關係，並避免使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="酒精">酒精</a>及其他會增加危險性行為可能性的藥物<a href="#cite_note-CDC_Fact_Sheet-30">[30]</a>。 只要孕婦在懷孕初期進行產檢以及在感染梅毒後立即著手治療，則可以預防新生兒感染先天性梅毒的機會<a href="#cite_note-Screening04-32">[32]</a>，「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%A0%90%E9%98%B2%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國預防醫學工作小組（页面不存在）">美國預防醫學工作小組</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Preventive_Services_Task_Force" class="extiw" title="en:United States Preventive Services Task Force">United States Preventive Services Task Force</a>）」強烈建議所有的懷孕婦女都應進行全面性的篩檢<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>而<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="世界衛生組織">世界衛生組織</a>則建議婦女在初次以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%8A%E5%A8%A0" title="妊娠">妊娠第三期</a>時的產檢時實施梅毒篩檢<a href="#cite_note-Lancet11-34">[34]</a>。若檢驗結果呈現陽性，相關單位會建議伴侶也應同樣接受治療<a href="#cite_note-Lancet11-34">[34]</a>。先天性梅毒在開發中國家依舊橫行，因為多數的產婦並沒有接受<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A2%E6%AA%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="產檢">產檢</a>，而就算有產檢的婦女，也不一定有進行過梅毒篩檢<a href="#cite_note-Screening04-32">[32]</a>。在已開發國家有時也會有零星個案，因為那些最容易感染梅毒的族群（例如因使用毒品等原因者），也是在懷孕期間最少受到妥善照顧的一群<a href="#cite_note-Screening04-32">[32]</a>。目前有多項措施，是希望協助中低收入國家藉由篩檢，降低先天性梅毒的患病人數，而這些措施都已證實是相當有效<a href="#cite_note-Lancet11-34">[34]</a>。 梅毒在許多國家都是列為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="法定傳染病">法定傳染病</a>，包括加拿大<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>、歐盟<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>與美國都是如此<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>。這就表示醫護人員需要在必要時通報衛生主管機關，同樣地，對該名患者的伴侶也有進行<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%B4%E4%BE%B6%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA%E5%91%8A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伴侶風險告知（页面不存在）">伴侶風險告知</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/partner_notification" class="extiw" title="en:partner notification">partner notification</a>）的義務<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a>，醫師也須鼓勵病患去尋求醫療協助<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>。疾病管制局建議，有進行男男性交的男性每年至少需進行一次梅毒篩檢<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>。 有許多方法可提高梅毒篩檢的後續追蹤，包含藉由電子郵件和簡訊做提醒<a href="#cite_note-DesaiWoodhall2015-41">[41]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="流行病学">流行病学</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：流行病学">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syphilis_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Syphilis_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg/220px-Syphilis_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Syphilis_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg/330px-Syphilis_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Syphilis_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg/440px-Syphilis_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>2004年每十万人因梅毒而导致的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E8%83%BD%E8%AA%BF%E6%95%B4%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%B9%B4" title="失能調整生命年">失能调整生命年</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82553231">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important;padding:0!important}}.mw-parser-output table.multicol{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top!important}</style><div> <table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="table-layout: fixed; width: 100% !important"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:1.6em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  沒有數據</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <35</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  35-70</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  70-105</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  105-140</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  140-175</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  175-210</div> </td> <td style="padding-right: 1.6em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  210-245</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  245-280</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  280-315</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  315-350</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  350-500</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  >500</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></figcaption></figure> 梅毒于2013年感染約31.5萬人<a href="#cite_note-GBD20132-43">[43]</a>，據信在1999年梅毒已感染了超過1.2億的人，其中<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="发展中国家">发展中国家</a>占了90%的個案<a href="#cite_note-ST10-14">[14]</a>。每年約有70萬至160萬人受梅毒影響而造成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="流產">流產</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E7%94%A2" title="死產">胎死腹中</a>與先天性梅毒<a href="#cite_note-Wood09-23">[23]</a>，在2010年期間約造成113,000人死亡，較1990年202,000人少一些<a href="#cite_note-Loz2012-8">[8]</a>。梅毒在<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">撒哈拉以南非洲</a>地區造成大约20%的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F%E5%85%92%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="新生兒死亡">新生兒死亡</a><a href="#cite_note-Wood09-23">[23]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82%E6%80%A7%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="娛樂性藥物">娛樂性藥物</a>使用者、HIV感染者與男男性交者擁有較高的發生率<a href="#cite_note-Coffin2010-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gao2009-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Karp2009-12">[12]</a>。在美國，2007年男性引發梅毒的比率高過女性六倍，然而在1997年比例卻是相當的<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a>。其中<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="非裔美國人">非裔美國人</a>在2010年占了近半數的個案<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>截至2014年，美國的梅毒感染數仍持續增加<a href="#cite_note-ClementOkeke2014-46">[46]</a>。 梅毒在18與19世紀的歐洲十分流行<a href="#cite_note-Music08-22">[22]</a>，福樓拜發現梅毒在19世紀埃及的妓女間十分流行<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>。在20世紀初直到1980、1990年代之間，已開發國家的梅毒感染狀況，由於<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="抗生素">抗生素</a>的廣泛使用而降低<a href="#cite_note-Music08-22">[22]</a>。2000年起，梅毒在美國、加拿大、英國、澳洲與歐洲的感染率正逐漸升高，主要發生於<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%A6%E4%BA%BA%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="男男性接触人群">男男性接觸人群</a><a href="#cite_note-ST10-14">[14]</a>。然而，美國女性的感染率趨於穩定；英國女性的感染率雖有升高，但升高比率相較男性緩慢<a href="#cite_note-AOP08-48">[48]</a>。自1990年代以來，中國與俄羅斯異性戀者感染率上升<a href="#cite_note-ST10-14">[14]</a>這得歸咎於不安全性行為，例如濫交、招妓，以及性行為中較少使用防護措施<a href="#cite_note-ST10-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-AOP08-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>。 在未經治療的情況下，死亡率約為8%至58%，其中男性死亡率較高<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。梅毒的症狀在19、20世紀逐漸逐漸變得不嚴重，一部分是因為現今普遍且有效的治療和螺旋體的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E5%8A%9B" title="毒力">毒力</a>下降<a href="#cite_note-Sec2010-18">[18]</a>，因為及早治療，降低了併發症的出現<a href="#cite_note-Pri2008-17">[17]</a>。梅毒提高了愛滋病的傳染風險達二到五倍，也常見到同時感染的情形（此比例在数个城市中心达到30–60%）<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ST10-14">[14]</a>。古巴在2015年成為全世界第一個根除梅毒垂直感染（由母親對小孩的感染）的國家<a href="#cite_note-WHOCUba2015-13">[13]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史">历史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：历史">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅毒歷史（页面不存在）">梅毒歷史</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_095.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_095.jpg/220px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_095.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_095.jpg/330px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_095.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_095.jpg/440px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_095.jpg 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="1283" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E5%8B%83%E6%9C%97" title="伦勃朗">伦勃朗</a>所画的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%91%E6%8B%89%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E9%87%8C%E7%91%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="傑拉爾·德·萊里瑟（页面不存在）">傑拉爾·德·萊里瑟</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_de_Lairesse" class="extiw" title="en:Gerard de Lairesse">Gerard de Lairesse</a>）画像。德·萊里瑟是一名画家及艺术理论家，罹患先天性梅毒。此病使他脸部严重变形并在最后使他失明。约1665–67，帆布油画。<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="歐洲">歐洲</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：歐洲">编辑</a>]</div> 梅毒的確切來源存在爭議<a href="#cite_note-Kent08-5">[5]</a>。目前僅能確定在歐洲接觸到它之前，梅毒便存在於美洲大陸。爭議的癥結點是不確定梅毒在傳入歐洲之前，是否也同時存在於其他地區只是未被辨識出來<a href="#cite_note-51">[註 1]</a>。其中有「哥伦布假说」及「前哥伦布假说」兩種較主要的假設<a href="#cite_note-Orgin10-28">[28]</a>：「哥倫布假說」認為梅毒會從<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>被傳播到歐洲，和<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="哥倫布">哥倫布</a>遠航所同行的船員們脫不了關係；另一種則是認為其實歐洲本來就存在梅毒，只是一直沒有被人發現，直到哥倫布回到歐洲不久後，它才正式被發現。而這兩種假說，分別被稱為「哥倫布假說」與「前哥倫布假說」<a href="#cite_note-Orgin10-28">[28]</a>。不過目前現有證據而言較支持「哥倫布假說」<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a>，因為梅毒第一次在歐洲爆發的書面記錄，記載於1494或1495年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="那不勒斯">那不勒斯</a>。當時<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次意大利战争">法國正入侵義大利</a><a href="#cite_note-Music08-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orgin10-28">[28]</a>。也因為有人聲稱是法國人傳播梅毒的，所以它最初被那不勒斯人稱為「高盧病」<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a>。但也因為此病是在那不勒斯投降後，才在軍隊中爆發開來，因此也被稱為那不勒斯病。 1530年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="維羅納">维罗納</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F" title="医生">医生</a>兼<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="诗人">诗人</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%BD%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E7%BD%97" title="吉罗拉莫·弗拉卡斯托罗">吉羅拉莫·弗拉卡斯托羅</a>发表了《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%9A%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西菲利斯：高卢病（页面不存在）">西菲利斯：高卢病</a>》（Syphilis, sive Morbus Gallicus），為一韻以长短格六步格所写的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>詩。该诗描述意大利疾病肆虐情形，詩中主人翁是一位名叫<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%8F%B2%E5%8A%9B%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西菲力士（页面不存在）">西菲力士</a>（Syphilus）的牧羊人<a href="#cite_note-55">[註 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a>此病在历史上也被称为「大痘」。<a href="#cite_note-Old05-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Euro04-58">[56]</a>患有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高卢病（页面不存在）">高卢病</a>（morbus gallicus），是一种性病。有人认为可能是第一位患有梅毒的人，于是便把这种疾病叫做Syphilus。 梅毒螺旋體這種致病微生物，最早是由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E8%95%AD%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗里茨·蕭丁（页面不存在）">弗里茨·蕭丁</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Schaudinn" class="extiw" title="en:Fritz Schaudinn">Fritz Schaudinn</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃里希·霍夫曼（页面不存在）">埃里希·霍夫曼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Hoffmann" class="extiw" title="en:Erich Hoffmann">Erich Hoffmann</a>）於1905年時所發現的<a href="#cite_note-Music08-22">[22]</a>。第一個有效治療梅毒的<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%91%E7%88%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%A3" title="灑爾佛散">灑爾佛散</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C" title="保罗·埃尔利希">保罗·埃尔利希</a>在1910年發現的，在1943年證實此療法有效<a href="#cite_note-Music08-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Old05-57">[55]</a>。20世紀中發現抗生素並將其用在治療中，在這之前一般會用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="水銀">水銀</a>治療，並且是將患者隔離，治療的副作用往往比疾病本身更嚴重<a href="#cite_note-Old05-57">[55]</a>。 歷史上像<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E8%88%92%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9" title="弗朗茨·舒伯特">弗朗茨·舒伯特</a>等名人可能都患有梅毒<a href="#cite_note-Music08-22">[22]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E9%87%87" title="弗里德里希·尼采">尼采</a>長期以來一直也被認為是因為後期梅毒而去世，但最近對此診斷已有提出質疑<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國">中國</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：中國">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">独见霉疮一症，往往外治无法，细观经书，古未言及，究其根源，始于舞会之未，起于岭南之地，致使蔓延通国，流祸甚广……一感其毒，酷烈匪常……入髓沦肌，流经走络，或攻脏腑，或寻孔窍……始生下疳继而骨痛，眉髮脱落，甚则目盲，耳闭……甚则传染妻孥，丧身绝良，移患于子女。<div class="templatequotecite"><cite>——<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%8F%B8%E6%88%90" title="陈司成">陈司成</a>，《霉疮秘录》</cite></div></blockquote> 16世纪以前，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>尚无梅毒的记载，1498年，梅毒出现於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>。大约于1505年，梅毒由葡萄牙商人传入<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="广东">广东</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%AD%E5%8D%97" title="岭南">岭南</a>一带，当时称“广东疮”、“杨梅疮”<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a>，此后梅毒向内陸传播。明代<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%8F%B8%E6%88%90" title="陈司成">陈司成</a>著《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%89%E7%96%AE%E7%A7%98%E5%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霉疮秘录（页面不存在）">霉疮秘录</a>》被认为是中国第一部论述梅毒最詳盡的专著，明代<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%97%B6%E7%8F%8D" title="李时珍">李时珍</a>著《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%BA%B2%E7%9B%AE" title="本草纲目">本草纲目</a>》详细记载了梅毒流行情况。 1636年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%8F%B8%E6%88%90" title="陈司成">陈司成</a>记录了一种名为霉疮（即梅毒）的疾病，这种病源自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%AD%E5%8D%97" title="岭南">岭南</a>地区，蔓延全国，祸害极广。一旦感染，病情剧烈，侵入<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AB%93" title="骨髓">骨髓</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89" title="肌肉">肌肉</a>，传播经络，攻击<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%84%8F" title="内脏">内脏</a>和孔窍，导致一系列严重症状，包括下疳、骨痛、眉毛等毛髮脱落、以及失明和失聪。此外，病情严重时会传染给家人，导致死亡和道德败坏，甚至遗传给子女。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="藝術與文學">藝術與文學</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：藝術與文學">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:400Behandlung_der_Syphilis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/400Behandlung_der_Syphilis.jpg/220px-400Behandlung_der_Syphilis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/400Behandlung_der_Syphilis.jpg/330px-400Behandlung_der_Syphilis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/400Behandlung_der_Syphilis.jpg/440px-400Behandlung_der_Syphilis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1216" /></a><figcaption>目前已知關於最早符合梅毒醫學形象的畫作，繪於1498年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a></figcaption></figure> 目前已知最早描繪梅毒形象的是<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾布雷希特·杜勒">杜勒</a>於1490年代所繪製的版畫《梅毒患者》，畫中人物的形象據信是一位<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%9F%E5%82%AD%E5%83%95" title="國土傭僕">國土傭僕</a>（北歐<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AD%E5%85%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="傭兵">傭兵</a>）<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a>。19世紀有關「<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E5%91%BD%E5%A5%B3%E9%83%8E" title="致命女郎">紅顏禍水</a>」和「蛇蠍女郎」的傳聞，有可能有部分與梅毒流行有關，如當時的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B5%8E%E6%85%88" title="约翰·济慈">济慈</a>所寫的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E7%AA%88%E7%AA%95%E5%85%AE%E7%84%A1%E6%83%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女窈窕兮無情（页面不存在）">女窈窕兮無情</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Belle_Dame_sans_Merci" class="extiw" title="en:La Belle Dame sans Merci">La Belle Dame sans Merci</a>）》，即是該時代背景的經典範例之作<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a>。 畫家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯特拉达努斯（页面不存在）">斯特拉达努斯</a>在1580年代曾繪製畫作，描述一位富人接受有關<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%92%E5%89%B5%E6%A8%B9" title="癒創樹">癒創樹</a>的治療<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a>，此畫作的標題是「准备和使用愈创木酚来治愈梅毒」（Preparation and Use of Guayaco for Treating Syphilis）。此畫作是在一系列慶祝發現新大陸的畫作中，也可以表示對當時的歐洲貴族而言，梅毒的治療是多麼的重要。在圖畫中，有四名僕人在准备药汁，醫生正在檢視，而病人正在飲用藥汁<a href="#cite_note-ALLPOSTERS-65">[63]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="社会与文化">社会与文化</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：社会与文化">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="艺术与文学">艺术与文学</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：艺术与文学">编辑</a>]</div> 艺术家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%B9%E5%A5%B4%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史特拉丹奴斯（页面不存在）">史特拉丹奴斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stradanus" class="extiw" title="en:Stradanus">Stradanus</a>）在1580年左右画了幅画，描绘一名富人接受以热带<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%88%E5%88%9B%E6%A0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="愈创树">愈疮木</a>进行的梅毒治疗。<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a>该作品的名称为「备置及使用愈创木来治疗梅毒」。该艺术家选择在一系列作品中纳入此图像来庆祝發现新世界，这显示出对当时的欧洲菁英份子而言，梅毒的治疗（即使无效）有多重要。在这幅色彩丰富且细节清楚的作品中，描绘了4名正在准备药汁的仆人，而一名医生在盯着倒霉的病人喝药的同时藏了东西在背后。<a href="#cite_note-ALLPOSTERS-65">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="塔斯基吉和危地马拉研究">塔斯基吉和危地马拉研究</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：塔斯基吉和危地马拉研究">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syphilis-poster-wpa-cure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Syphilis-poster-wpa-cure.jpg/200px-Syphilis-poster-wpa-cure.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Syphilis-poster-wpa-cure.jpg/300px-Syphilis-poster-wpa-cure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Syphilis-poster-wpa-cure.jpg/400px-Syphilis-poster-wpa-cure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%90%A7%E6%9D%A1" title="大萧条">大萧条</a>时代宣传尽早治疗梅毒的海报</figcaption></figure> 二十世紀在美國進行的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E5%90%89%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97" title="塔斯基吉梅毒試驗">塔斯基吉梅毒試驗</a>，是相關駭人聽聞且衝擊<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="醫學倫理">醫學倫理</a>底線的實驗<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a>。這項計畫是由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美国卫生与公共服务部">美國衛生與公共服務部</a>所資助，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E5%90%89%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="塔斯基吉研究機構">塔斯基吉研究機構</a>在阿拉巴馬州的塔斯基吉進行的醫學實驗<a href="#cite_note-CDCTime-68">[66]</a>。這項計畫開始於1932年，那時候梅毒還是大規模的流行疾病，還沒找到安全又有效的治療方法<a href="#cite_note-TUS00-15">[15]</a>。此計畫的設計，是為了研究感染梅毒後的發病歷程。1947年，人們發現，盤尼西林可治療初期的梅毒感染，也開始廣泛的使用<a href="#cite_note-CDCTime-68">[66]</a>，不過對於較晚期梅毒病患的效果，卻仍混沌不明<a href="#cite_note-TUS00-15">[15]</a>。研究機構的負責人沒有提供受試者盤尼西林<a href="#cite_note-CDCTime-68">[66]</a>，不過此說法仍有爭議，因為後來有發現部分的個案曾有接受盤尼西林治療的紀錄<a href="#cite_note-TUS00-15">[15]</a>。 在1960年代，美籍律師<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E9%82%A6%E5%8F%B8%E9%A0%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·邦司頓（页面不存在）">彼得·邦司頓</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Buxtun" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Buxtun">Peter Buxtun</a>）寫信給主導塔斯基吉梅毒試驗的機關<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E8%88%87%E9%A0%90%E9%98%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="美國疾病控制與預防中心">美國疾病控制與預防中心</a>。信中提到有數以百計的黑人病患本可治癒，卻因為這個實驗喪生及衍生的道德問題。該局卻回信提到，這個計畫必須持續到所有的患者死去為止。到了1972年，邦司頓投書主流媒體，造成了社會一片嘩然。也因為這樣，這個計畫被迫終止，這場訴訟耗費九百萬美元，而美國國會也成立了專責委員會，立法阻止相似的事件在未來再度發生<a href="#cite_note-CDCTime-68">[66]</a>。 1994年成立了塔斯基吉梅毒試驗專責委員會，由於委員會的努力，梅毒試驗的倖存者在1997年5月16日受邀前往白宮，由美國總統<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%97%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="比爾·柯林頓">柯林頓</a>代表政府為這項研究向倖存者致歉<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a>。 1946年到1948年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89" title="危地马拉">危地马拉</a>也有進行由美國資助的梅毒<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="人体试验">人體試驗</a>，是在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%9B%B7%E7%93%A6%E6%B4%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胡安何塞·阿雷瓦洛（页面不存在）">胡安何塞·阿雷瓦洛</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Ar%C3%A9valo" class="extiw" title="en:Juan José Arévalo">Juan José Arévalo</a>）在危地马拉執政時和一些卫生部长和官员的合作所下进行。醫生讓士兵、犯人和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85" class="mw-disambig" title="精神病">精神病</a>患在沒有<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E6%83%85%E5%90%8C%E6%84%8F" title="知情同意">知情同意</a>的情形下，感染梅毒及其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="性傳染病">性傳染病</a>，再用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="抗生素">抗生素</a>進行治療。美國在2010年10月正式向危地马拉為此人體試驗致歉<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考書籍">參考書籍</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：參考書籍">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>《天才、狂人的梅毒之謎》，德博拉·海登著，李振昌译，世纪出版集团上海人民出版社2005年11月版。</li> <li>《世界瘟疫史》，王旭东孟庆龙著，中国社会科学出版社2005年6月版。</li> <li>Parascandola, John. Sex, Sin, and Science: A History of Syphilis in America（Praeger, 2008）195 pp. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780275994303" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-275-99430-3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Sex-Sin-Science-Syphilis-Medicine/dp/0275994309/">excerpt and text search</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130702182708/http://www.amazon.com/Sex-Sin-Science-Syphilis-Medicine/dp/0275994309/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>Shmaefsky, Brian, Hilary Babcock and David L. Heymann. Syphilis（Deadly Diseases & Epidemics）（2009）</li> <li>Stein, Claudia. Negotiating the French Pox in Early Modern Germany（2009）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋">註釋</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：註釋">编辑</a>]</div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>医学社会史家罗伊·波特（Roy Porter）著《剑桥医学史》（The Cambridge Illustrated History of Medicine）：哥伦布及其同伴常常被谴责为把梅毒从<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>携带到<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>，并由此而传遍全世界。针对<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="哥伦布">哥伦布</a>的这一指责看来是真实可靠的，由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞特蘭大">亞特蘭大</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%8E%AB%E7%91%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="艾莫瑞大學">艾莫瑞大學</a>研究人員表示，新的基因證據支持<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="哥倫布">哥倫布</a>（Christopher Columbus）將梅毒從<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>新大陸帶到<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>的理論；研究人員針對梅毒系譜樹（family tree）進行的基因分析顯示，與梅毒最接近的是它的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美洲</a>表親，這種梅毒亞種細菌會造成一種名叫雅司病（yaws）的傳染病。負責研究的生物演<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="化學家">化學家</a>哈珀（Kristin Harper）說：「部分人士認為梅毒確實是一種古老的疾病，我們最早的人類祖先可能就感染過這種疾病。另外部分人士認為梅毒來自新大陸。」“<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>似乎是第一个注意到<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>的一些士兵曾经伴随<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="哥伦布">哥伦布</a>的第二次航海，因此产生了梅毒<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>发源的见解。 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> 西菲力士是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘神話">希臘神話</a>中絕代美人<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%A8%A5%E6%AF%94" class="mw-redirect" title="奈娥比">奈娥比</a>（Niobe）的兒子，被<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="阿波羅">阿波羅</a>（Apollo）射死。 </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻">參考文獻</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：參考文獻">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CDC2015Fact-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Fact_1-0">1.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Fact_1-1">1.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Fact_1-2">1.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Fact_1-3">1.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Fact_1-4">1.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Fact_1-5">1.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Fact_1-6">1.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Fact_1-7">1.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Fact_1-8">1.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Fact_1-9">1.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Fact_1-10">1.10</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis-detailed.htm">Syphilis - CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed)</a>. 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Biological sciences / the Royal Society. 2004-05-07,. 271 Suppl 4 (Suppl 4): S174–6 [2013-08-23]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1810019">PMC 1810019</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15252975">PMID 15252975</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2003.0131">doi:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0131</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140803093827/http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/271/Suppl_4/S174.full.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2014-08-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&rft.atitle=Syphilis+in+renaissance+Europe%3A+rapid+evolution+of+an+introduced+sexually+transmitted+disease%3F&rft.aufirst=RJ&rft.aulast=Knell&rft.date=2004-05-07&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=Suppl+4&rft.jtitle=Proceedings.+Biological+sciences+%2F+the+Royal+Society&rft.pages=S174-6&rft.volume=271+Suppl+4&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1810019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frspb.royalsocietypublishing.org%2Fcontent%2F271%2FSuppl_4%2FS174.full.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbl.2003.0131&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15252975&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Bernd, Magnus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/414670/Friedrich-Nietzsche">Nietzsche, Friedrich</a>. 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Winter 2009, 52 (1): 48–60. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19168944">PMID 19168944</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fpbm.0.0065">doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&rft.atitle=Who+is+D%C3%BCrer%27s+%22Syphilitic+Man%22%3F&rft.aufirst=CT&rft.aulast=Eisler&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+in+biology+and+medicine&rft.pages=48-60&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=52&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fpbm.0.0065&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19168944&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Hughes, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thingsididntknow00unse">Things I didn't know : a memoir</a> 1st Vintage Book. 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Retrieved 6 August 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Reid, Basil A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=KtT0_P-9xiAC&pg=PA113">Myths and realities of Caribbean history</a> [Online-Ausg.] Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 2009: 113 [2013-08-23]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8173-5534-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8173-5534-0">ISBN 978-0-8173-5534-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528070347/http://books.google.com/books?id=KtT0_P-9xiAC&pg=PA113">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&rft.aufirst=Basil+A.&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.btitle=Myths+and+realities+of+Caribbean+history&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=%5BOnline-Ausg.%5D&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8173-5534-0&rft.pages=113&rft.place=Tuscaloosa&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKtT0_P-9xiAC%26pg%3DPA113&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Katz RV, Kegeles SS, Kressin NR, et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-health-care-for-the-poor-and-underserved_2006-11_17_4/page/698">The Tuskegee Legacy Project: Willingness of Minorities to Participate in Biomedical Research</a>. J Health Care Poor Underserved. November 2006, 17 (4): 698–715. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1780164">PMC 1780164</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17242525">PMID 17242525</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fhpu.2006.0126">doi:10.1353/hpu.2006.0126</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&rft.atitle=The+Tuskegee+Legacy+Project%3A+Willingness+of+Minorities+to+Participate+in+Biomedical+Research&rft.au=Claudio%2C+Cristina&rft.au=Green%2C+B.+Lee&rft.au=James%2C+Sherman+A.&rft.au=Katz+RV&rft.au=Kegeles+SS&rft.au=Kressin+NR&rft.au=Russell%2C+Stefanie+Luise&rft.au=Wang%2C+Min+Qi&rft.date=2006-11&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=J+Health+Care+Poor+Underserved&rft.pages=698-715&rft.volume=17&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1780164&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-health-care-for-the-poor-and-underserved_2006-11_17_4%2Fpage%2F698&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fhpu.2006.0126&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17242525&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CDCTime-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDCTime_68-0">66.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDCTime_68-1">66.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDCTime_68-2">66.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDCTime_68-3">66.3</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/timeline.htm">U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee</a>. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>. 2011-06-15 [2010-07-07]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151201223515/http://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/timeline.htm">存档</a>于2015-12-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&rft.btitle=U.S.+Public+Health+Service+Syphilis+Study+at+Tuskegee&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Ftuskegee%2Ftimeline.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/badblood/apology/">Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study: President Bill Clinton's Apology</a>. University of Virginia Health Sciences Library. [2014-12-02]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141230152226/http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/badblood/apology/">存档</a>于2014-12-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&rft.btitle=Bad+Blood%3A+The+Tuskegee+Syphilis+Study%3A+President+Bill+Clinton%27s+Apology&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Health+Sciences+Library.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexhibits.hsl.virginia.edu%2Fbadblood%2Fapology%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/01/AR2010100104457.html">U.S. apologizes for newly revealed syphilis experiments done in Guatemala</a>. The Washington Post. 2010-10-01 [2010-10-01]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101015143909/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/01/AR2010100104457.html">存档</a>于2010-10-15）. <q>The United States revealed on Friday that the government conducted medical experiments in the 1940s in which doctors infected soldiers, prisoners and mental patients in Guatemala with syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&rft.atitle=U.S.+apologizes+for+newly+revealed+syphilis+experiments+done+in+Guatemala&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F10%2F01%2FAR2010100104457.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a 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role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0">分類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41083" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="ICD-9编码列表">9-CM</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=090">090</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=097">097</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%AF%8D" title="医学主题词">MeSH</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013587">D013587</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="疾病資料庫">DiseasesDB</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb29054.htm">29054</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0">外部資源</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000861.htm">000861</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/med/2224-overview">med/2224</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic563.htm">emerg/563</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic413.htm">derm/413</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patient_UK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patient UK（页面不存在）">Patient UK</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patient.info/doctor/syphilis-pro">梅毒</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%AF%E5%82%91%E6%B0%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C%E5%AD%B8%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伯傑氏系統細菌學手冊（页面不存在）">BV4</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergey%27s_Manual_of_Systematic_Bacteriology" class="extiw" title="en:Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology">Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology</a>）非變形菌門<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%8F%E9%98%B4%E6%80%A7%E8%8F%8C" title="革兰氏阴性菌">G-</a>（主要為<a href="/wiki/ICD-10_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%A0%EF%BC%9A%E6%9F%90%E4%BA%9B%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%99%AB%E7%97%85" title="ICD-10 第一章：某些传染病和寄生虫病">A00–A79</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICD-9%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(001%E2%80%93139)#1.傳染病和寄生蟲病(001–139)" title="ICD-9编码列表 (001–139)">001–041、080–109</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94%E9%96%80" title="螺旋體門">螺旋體門</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="螺旋體科" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%91" title="螺旋体科">螺旋體科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%B1%9E" title="密螺旋体属">密螺旋體屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E5%AF%86%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94" title="梅毒密螺旋體">梅毒密螺旋體</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">梅毒</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%80%A7%E7%97%85%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%80%A7%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非性病地方性梅毒（页面不存在）">貝耶病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonvenereal_endemic_syphilis" class="extiw" title="en:Nonvenereal endemic syphilis">Nonvenereal endemic syphilis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E8%82%89%E8%8A%BD%E8%85%AB" title="熱帶肉芽腫">雅司病</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%81%E4%BB%96%E7%97%85%E5%AF%86%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="品他病密螺旋體（页面不存在）">品他病密螺旋體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treponema_carateum" class="extiw" title="en:Treponema carateum">Treponema carateum</a>）(<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E4%BB%96%E7%97%85" title="品他病">品他病</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BD%92%E5%9E%A2%E5%AF%86%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="齒垢密螺旋體（页面不存在）">齒垢密螺旋體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treponema_denticola" class="extiw" title="en:Treponema denticola">Treponema denticola</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%B1%9E" title="疏螺旋体属">疏螺旋體屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%B0%8F%E7%96%8F%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94" title="伯氏疏螺旋體">伯氏疏螺旋體</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%8F%E7%96%8F%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿氏疏螺旋體（页面不存在）">阿氏疏螺旋體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_afzelii" class="extiw" title="en:Borrelia afzelii">Borrelia afzelii</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%A7%86%E7%97%85" title="莱姆病">莱姆病</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E9%81%8A%E8%B5%B0%E6%80%A7%E7%B4%85%E6%96%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慢性遊走性紅斑（页面不存在）">慢性遊走性紅斑</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_migrans" class="extiw" title="en:Erythema migrans">Erythema migrans</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%96%8F%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神經疏螺旋體病（页面不存在）">神經疏螺旋體病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroborreliosis" class="extiw" title="en:Neuroborreliosis">Neuroborreliosis</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8%E7%86%B1%E7%96%8F%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="回歸熱疏螺旋體（页面不存在）">回歸熱疏螺旋體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_recurrentis" class="extiw" title="en:Borrelia recurrentis">Borrelia recurrentis</a>）(<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%BD%92%E7%83%AD" title="回归热">蝨傳回歸熱</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E6%AF%8D%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%8F%E7%96%8F%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫母斯氏疏螺旋體（页面不存在）">赫母斯氏疏螺旋體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_hermsii" class="extiw" title="en:Borrelia hermsii">Borrelia hermsii</a>）/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%9C%E9%80%9A%E6%B0%8F%E7%96%8F%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杜通氏疏螺旋體（页面不存在）">杜通氏疏螺旋體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_duttoni" class="extiw" title="en:Borrelia duttoni">Borrelia duttoni</a>）/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E5%85%8B%E6%B0%8F%E7%96%8F%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕克氏疏螺旋體（页面不存在）">帕克氏疏螺旋體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_parkeri" class="extiw" title="en:Borrelia parkeri">Borrelia parkeri</a>）(扁蝨疏螺旋體、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%BD%92%E7%83%AD" title="回归热">蜱傳回歸熱</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A9%E7%AB%AF%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%91" title="钩端螺旋体科">鉤端螺旋體科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="鉤端螺旋體屬" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A9%E7%AB%AF%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%B1%9E" title="钩端螺旋体属">鉤端螺旋體屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%8E%E8%87%9F%E9%89%A4%E7%AB%AF%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腎臟鉤端螺旋體（页面不存在）">腎臟鉤端螺旋體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospira_interrogans" class="extiw" title="en:Leptospira interrogans">Leptospira interrogans</a>）（<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A4%E7%AB%AF%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94%E7%97%85" title="鉤端螺旋體病">鉤端螺旋體病</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E8%8F%8C%E7%A7%91" title="螺菌科">螺菌科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="螺菌屬" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E8%8F%8C%E5%B1%9E" title="螺菌属">螺菌屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%9E%BA%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小螺菌（页面不存在）">小螺菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirillum_minus" class="extiw" title="en:Spirillum minus">Spirillum minus</a>）（鼠咬熱螺旋體、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BC%A0%E5%92%AC%E7%86%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鼠咬熱（页面不存在）">鼠咬熱</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat-bite_fever" class="extiw" title="en:Rat-bite fever">Rat-bite fever</a>）/<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%A0%E6%AF%92%E7%97%87" title="鼠毒症">鼠毒症</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%91" title="衣原体科">衣原體科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%97%9C%E8%A1%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93%E5%B1%9E" title="嗜衣原体属">嗜衣原體屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A6%E9%B9%89%E7%83%AD%E8%A1%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93" title="鹦鹉热衣原体">鹦鹉热衣原体</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9A%E9%B5%A1%E7%86%B1" title="鸚鵡熱">鸚鵡熱</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E5%97%9C%E8%A1%A3%E5%8E%9F%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肺炎嗜衣原體（页面不存在）">肺炎嗜衣原體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_pneumoniae" class="extiw" title="en:Chlamydia pneumoniae">Chlamydia pneumoniae</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A3%E5%8E%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%B1%AC" title="衣原體屬">衣原體屬</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E7%9C%BC%E8%A1%A3%E5%8E%9F%E9%AB%94" title="砂眼衣原體">砂眼衣原體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Category:细菌性疾病">衣原體屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E6%9F%B3%E6%80%A7%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E8%82%89%E8%8A%BD%E8%85%AB" title="花柳性淋巴肉芽腫">花柳性淋巴肉芽腫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%9C%BC" title="沙眼">沙眼</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%AC%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C%E9%96%80" title="擬桿菌門">擬桿菌門</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%86%E5%BC%B1%E9%A1%9E%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脆弱類桿菌（页面不存在）">脆弱類桿菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteroides_fragilis" class="extiw" title="en:Bacteroides fragilis">Bacteroides fragilis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E8%B3%BD%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%B4%8D%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="福賽斯坦納菌（页面不存在）">福賽斯坦納菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannerella_forsythia" class="extiw" title="en:Tannerella forsythia">Tannerella forsythia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%AC%E5%92%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3%E5%97%9C%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犬咬二氧化碳嗜纖維菌（页面不存在）">犬咬二氧化碳嗜纖維菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capnocytophaga_canimorsus" class="extiw" title="en:Capnocytophaga canimorsus">Capnocytophaga canimorsus</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%99%E9%BD%A6%E5%8D%9F%E5%95%89%E5%96%AE%E8%83%9E%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牙齦卟啉單胞菌（页面不存在）">牙齦卟啉單胞菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyromonas_gingivalis" class="extiw" title="en:Porphyromonas gingivalis">Porphyromonas gingivalis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%96%93%E6%99%AE%E6%B0%8F%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中間普氏菌（页面不存在）">中間普氏菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevotella_intermedia" class="extiw" title="en:Prevotella intermedia">Prevotella intermedia</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:PowderBlue;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AD%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C%E9%96%80" title="梭桿菌門">梭桿菌門</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%9E%E6%AD%BB%E6%A2%AD%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="壞死梭桿菌（页面不存在）">壞死梭桿菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusobacterium_necrophorum" class="extiw" title="en:Fusobacterium necrophorum">Fusobacterium necrophorum</a>）(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%92%E7%B1%B3%E5%9F%83%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E5%BE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勒米埃綜合徵（页面不存在）">勒米埃綜合徵</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre%27s_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Lemierre's syndrome">Lemierre's syndrome</a>）)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E6%A2%AD%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核梭桿菌（页面不存在）">核梭桿菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusobacterium_nucleatum" class="extiw" title="en:Fusobacterium nucleatum">Fusobacterium nucleatum</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%BD%A2%E6%A2%AD%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多形梭桿菌（页面不存在）">多形梭桿菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusobacterium_polymorphum" class="extiw" title="en:Fusobacterium polymorphum">Fusobacterium polymorphum</a>）</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%B5%E7%8F%A0%E7%8B%80%E9%8F%88%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="念珠狀鏈桿菌（页面不存在）">念珠狀鏈桿菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptobacillus_moniliformis" class="extiw" title="en:Streptobacillus moniliformis">Streptobacillus moniliformis</a>）(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BC%A0%E5%92%AC%E7%86%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鼠咬熱（页面不存在）">鼠咬熱</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat-bite_fever" class="extiw" title="en:Rat-bite fever">Rat-bite fever</a>）/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%BC%97%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE%E7%86%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈弗希爾熱（页面不存在）">哈弗希爾熱</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haverhill_fever" class="extiw" title="en:Haverhill fever">Haverhill fever</a>）)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#efefef;;;text-align:center;background:#D3D3D3;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="Template:医学导航">医学导航</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C" title="细菌">病菌</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#efefef;;;text-align:center;background:white;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C" title="Template:细菌">细菌</a>（<a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:细菌分类">分类</a>） </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#efefef;;;text-align:center;background:silver;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Template:Gram-positive_firmicutes_diseases" title="Template:Gram-positive firmicutes diseases">gr+f</a>／<a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9D%A9%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%8F%E9%98%B3%E6%80%A7%E6%94%BE%E7%BA%BF%E8%8F%8C%E7%97%85" title="Template:革兰氏阳性放线菌病">gr+a</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E8%82%BA%E7%BB%93%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:肺结核（页面不存在）">t</a>）／<a href="/wiki/Template:Gram-negative_proteobacterial_diseases" title="Template:Gram-negative proteobacterial diseases">gr-p</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E9%9C%8D%E4%B9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:霍乱（页面不存在）">c</a>／<a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9D%9E%E8%AE%8A%E5%BD%A2%E8%8F%8C%E9%96%80%E9%9D%A9%E8%98%AD%E6%B0%8F%E9%99%B0%E6%80%A7%E8%8F%8C%E7%97%85%E5%8E%9F%E8%8F%8C%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Template:非變形菌門革蘭氏陰性菌病原菌疾病">gr-o</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#efefef;;;text-align:center;background:#ccf;;width:10em;"><div> 药物（<a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E5%89%82%E7%B1%BB%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="Template:蛋白质合成抑制剂类抗生素">J1p</a>、<a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%A3%81%E7%A0%B4%E5%9D%8F%E6%80%A7%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="Template:细胞壁破坏性抗生素">w</a>、<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E5%89%82%E7%B1%BB%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="Template:核酸合成抑制剂类抗生素">n</a>、<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E5%88%86%E6%9E%9D%E6%9D%86%E8%8F%8C%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:抗分枝杆菌药物">m</a>、<a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97" title="Template:疫苗">疫苗</a>、<a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E6%8A%97%E8%8F%8C%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:其他抗菌药">o</a>）、<a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E8%A1%80%E6%B8%85%E5%92%8C%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%90%83%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="Template:免疫血清和免疫球蛋白">抗體</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="性傳染病（主要為A50–A64,_090–099）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:Silver"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%80%A7%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="Template:性傳染病"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%80%A7%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="Template talk:性傳染病"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%80%A7%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:性傳染病"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="性傳染病（主要為A50–A64,_090–099）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="性傳染病">性傳染病</a>（主要為<a href="/wiki/ICD-10_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%A0%EF%BC%9A%E6%9F%90%E4%BA%9B%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%99%AB%E7%97%85#主要通过性行為传播之传染病" title="ICD-10 第一章：某些传染病和寄生虫病">A50–A64</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICD-9%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(001%E2%80%93139)" title="ICD-9编码列表 (001–139)">090–099</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BBEEBB;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C" title="细菌">细菌</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8B%E7%96%B3" title="軟性下疳">軟下疳</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%9C%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E6%B0%8F%E5%97%9C%E8%A1%80%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杜克雷氏嗜血桿菌（页面不存在）">杜克雷氏嗜血桿菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_ducreyi" class="extiw" title="en:Haemophilus ducreyi">Haemophilus ducreyi</a>））</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%AB%E8%A1%A3%E8%8F%8C%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93" title="披衣菌感染">衣原體</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E6%9F%B3%E6%80%A7%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E8%82%89%E8%8A%BD%E8%85%AB" title="花柳性淋巴肉芽腫">花柳性淋巴肉芽腫</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E7%9C%BC%E8%A1%A3%E5%8E%9F%E9%AB%94" title="砂眼衣原體">砂眼衣原體</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E8%82%A1%E6%BA%9D%E8%82%89%E8%8A%BD%E8%85%AB" title="腹股溝肉芽腫">腹股溝肉芽腫</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%89%E8%8A%BD%E8%85%AB%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%8F%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肉芽腫克雷白氏桿菌（页面不存在）">肉芽腫克雷白氏桿菌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klebsiella_granulomatis" class="extiw" title="en:Klebsiella granulomatis">Klebsiella granulomatis</a>））</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E7%97%85" title="淋病">淋病</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E7%90%83%E8%8F%8C" title="淋球菌">淋球菌</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%9E%8B%E6%94%AF%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人型支原体感染（页面不存在）">人型支原体感染</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_hominis_infection" class="extiw" title="en:Mycoplasma hominis infection">Mycoplasma hominis infection</a>）（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%9E%8B%E6%94%AF%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人型支原体（页面不存在）">人型支原体</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_hominis" class="extiw" title="en:Mycoplasma hominis">Mycoplasma hominis</a>））</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">梅毒</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92%E5%AF%86%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94" title="梅毒密螺旋體">梅毒密螺旋體</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E8%84%B2%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解脲感染（页面不存在）">解脲感染</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureaplasma_infection" class="extiw" title="en:Ureaplasma infection">Ureaplasma infection</a>）（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E8%84%B2%E6%94%AF%E5%8E%9F%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解脲支原體（页面不存在）">解脲支原體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureaplasma_urealyticum" class="extiw" title="en:Ureaplasma urealyticum">Ureaplasma urealyticum</a>））</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BBEEBB;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="原生動物">原生動物</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%B4%E8%99%AB%E6%80%A7%E9%98%B4%E9%81%93%E7%82%8E" title="滴虫性阴道炎">滴虫性阴道炎</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B0%E9%81%93%E6%AF%9B%E6%BB%B4%E8%9F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陰道毛滴蟲（页面不存在）">陰道毛滴蟲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichomonas_vaginalis" class="extiw" title="en:Trichomonas vaginalis">Trichomonas vaginalis</a>））</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BBEEBB;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F" title="寄生">寄生動物</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E8%9D%A8" title="陰蝨">陰蝨/陰蟹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%A5%E7%96%AE" title="疥疮">疥疮</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BBEEBB;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="病毒">病毒</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85" title="艾滋病">AIDS</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%BC%BA%E9%99%B7%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="人類免疫缺陷病毒">HIV-1/HIV-2</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%AE%E9%A0%B8%E7%99%8C" title="子宮頸癌">子宮頸癌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%98%B4%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4" title="外阴肿瘤">外阴肿瘤</a>&<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E9%94%90%E6%B9%BF%E7%96%A3" title="尖锐湿疣">生殖器疣 (尖銳濕疣)</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E8%8E%96%E7%99%8C" title="陰莖癌">陰莖癌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E9%96%80%E7%99%8C" title="肛門癌">肛門癌</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E4%B9%B3%E7%AA%81%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="人類乳突病毒">人類乳突病毒(HPV）</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="乙型肝炎">乙型肝炎</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="乙型肝炎病毒">乙型肝炎病毒</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E7%BA%AF%E7%96%B1%E7%96%B9" title="单纯疱疹">单纯疱疹</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E7%BA%AF%E7%96%B1%E7%96%B9%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="单纯疱疹病毒">（HSV1/HSV2）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E6%80%A7%E8%BD%AF%E7%96%A3" title="传染性软疣">传染性软疣</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E6%80%A7%E8%BD%AF%E7%96%A3%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="传染性软疣病毒">MCV</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BBEEBB;">普通<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%8E%E7%97%87" title="炎症">炎症</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <dl><dt>女性</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E9%A2%88%E7%82%8E" title="宫颈炎">宫颈炎</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E7%9B%86%E8%85%94%E7%99%BC%E7%82%8E" title="骨盆腔發炎">盆腔炎（PID）</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>男性</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E7%9D%BE%E7%82%8E" title="附睾炎">附睾炎</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%88%97%E8%85%BA%E7%82%8E" title="前列腺炎">前列腺炎</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>兩者</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E8%85%B8%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直腸炎（页面不存在）">直腸炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proctitis" class="extiw" title="en:Proctitis">Proctitis</a>）</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E9%81%93%E7%82%8E" title="尿道炎">尿道炎</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B7%8B%E8%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%B0%BF%E9%81%93%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非淋菌性尿道炎（页面不存在）">非淋菌性尿道炎（NGU）</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-gonococcal_urethritis" class="extiw" title="en:Non-gonococcal urethritis">Non-gonococcal urethritis</a>）</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reproductive_medicine_navs" title="Template:Reproductive medicine navs"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reproductive_medicine_navs" title="Template talk:Reproductive medicine navs"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Reproductive_medicine_navs" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Reproductive medicine navs"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生殖醫學索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="生殖醫學">生殖醫學</a>索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">描述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>解剖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="Template:男性生殖系統">男</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="Template:女性生殖系統">女</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:生殖生理学">生理</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Menstrual_cycle" title="Template:Menstrual cycle">經期</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E5%92%8C%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2" title="Template:泌尿和生殖系统发育">發育</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sex_determination_and_differentiation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Sex determination and differentiation（页面不存在）">性別決定和分化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sex_determination_and_differentiation" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Sex determination and differentiation">Template:Sex determination and differentiation</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">疾病</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>感染 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%80%A7%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="Template:性傳染病">STD/STI</a></li></ul></li> <li>先天 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:男性生殖器官先天异常（页面不存在）">男</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Male_congenital_anomalies_of_genital_organs" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Male congenital anomalies of genital organs">Template:Male congenital anomalies of genital organs</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8" title="Template:女性生殖器官先天异常">女</a></li></ul></li> <li>腫瘤及癌症 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E5%99%A8%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4" title="Template:男性生殖器肿瘤">男</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E9%81%93%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4" title="Template:女性生殖道肿瘤">女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germ_cell_tumors" title="Template:Germ cell tumors">生殖細胞</a></li></ul></li> <li>其他 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E9%AA%A8%E7%9B%86%E8%88%87%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E5%99%A8%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Template:男性骨盆與生殖器疾病">男</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E7%9B%86%E8%85%94%E5%92%8C%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E5%99%A8%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Template:女性盆腔和生殖器疾病">女</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">治療</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>手術 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Male_genital_procedures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Male genital procedures（页面不存在）">男</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Male_genital_procedures" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Male genital procedures">Template:Male genital procedures</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD%E5%8F%8A%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF" title="Template:女性生殖诊断及手术">女</a></li></ul></li> <li>藥物 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%8E%E8%89%AF%E6%80%A7%E5%89%8D%E5%88%97%E8%85%BA%E5%A2%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%97%87%E7%9A%84%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:用于良性前列腺增生症的药物">攝護腺肥大</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Drugs_for_erectile_dysfunction_and_PE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Drugs for erectile dysfunction and PE（页面不存在）">不舉和早洩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Drugs_for_erectile_dysfunction_and_PE" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Drugs for erectile dysfunction and PE">Template:Drugs for erectile dysfunction and PE</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Aphrodisiacs" title="Template:Aphrodisiacs">性功能障礙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A6%87%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%97%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E8%8D%AF%E5%92%8C%E9%98%B2%E8%85%90%E5%89%82" title="Template:妇科抗感染药和防腐剂">感染</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Microbicides_for_sexually_transmitted_diseases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases（页面不存在）">性病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Microbicides_for_sexually_transmitted_diseases" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases">Template:Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases</a>）</li></ul></li> <li>激素 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%84%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E6%8A%97%E9%9B%84%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:雄激素类和抗雄激素类">雄激素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%8C%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E6%8A%97%E9%9B%8C%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:雌激素类和抗雌激素类">動情素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Progestogens_and_antiprogestogens" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Progestogens and antiprogestogens">黃體素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Gonadotropins_and_GnRH" title="Template:Gonadotropins and GnRH">GnRH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Prolactin_inhibitors_and_anti-inflammatory_products_for_vaginal_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Prolactin inhibitors and anti-inflammatory products for vaginal administration">催乳素</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Template:辅助生殖技术">輔助生殖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Birth_control_methods" title="Template:Birth control methods">生育控制</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0%E9%81%BF%E5%AD%95%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:激素避孕药">激素避孕藥</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="血清学：血液检验项目" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Template:血液检验项目"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Template talk:血液检验项目"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:血液检验项目"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="血清学：血液检验项目" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B8%85%E5%AD%A6" title="血清学">血清学</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5" title="血液检查">血液检验项目</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">代谢组合项目／ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%80%E6%B5%86%E5%90%8C%E6%B8%97%E9%87%8D%E6%91%A9%E6%B5%93%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="血浆同渗重摩浓度（页面不存在）">血浆渗透压</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基础代谢组合项目（页面不存在）">BMP</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E8%B4%A8" title="电解质">电解质</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na+</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%80%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" title="鉀離子">K+</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氯化物">Cl-</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A2%E7%9B%90" title="碳酸氢盐">HCO3-</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BE%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="肾功能">肾功能</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E6%B0%AE%E8%82%8C%E9%85%90%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尿素氮肌酐比（页面不存在）">尿素氮肌酐比</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E6%B0%AE" title="尿素氮">BUN</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E9%85%90" class="mw-redirect" title="肌酐">肌酐</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96" title="葡萄糖">葡萄糖</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全面代谢组合项目（页面不存在）">CMP</a>：BMP＋蛋白质检验项目（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%80%E6%B8%85%E7%99%BD%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="人血清白蛋白">人血清白蛋白</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%80%E6%B8%85%E6%80%BB%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="血清总蛋白（页面不存在）">血清总蛋白</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9D%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肝功能检验项目（页面不存在）">肝功能检验项目</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF%E9%85%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碱性磷酸酯酶（页面不存在）">ALP</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E4%B8%99%E8%BD%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B6" title="谷丙转氨酶">ALT</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E8%BD%AC%E7%A7%BB%E9%85%B6" title="天冬氨酸氨基转移酶">AST</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%86%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0" title="胆红素">胆红素</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E9%90%B5%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88%E5%8A%9B" title="總鐵結合力">總鐵結合力</a>（TIBC） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%80%E6%B8%85%E9%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="血清铁（页面不存在）">血清铁</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E9%90%B5%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E9%A3%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%BA%A6" title="運鐵蛋白飽和度">運鐵蛋白飽和度</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E7%A2%B1%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="酸碱平衡">酸碱平衡</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E8%84%89%E8%A1%80%E6%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动脉血气（页面不存在）">动脉血气</a>／<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E8%84%89%E8%A1%80%E6%B0%94%E9%87%87%E6%A0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动脉血气采样（页面不存在）">动脉血气采样</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B1%E5%89%A9%E4%BD%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碱剩余（页面不存在）">碱剩余</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99" title="阴离子间隙">阴离子间隙</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3%E5%90%AB%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二氧化碳含量（页面不存在）">CO2含量</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%A1%80" title="凝血">凝血</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Von_Willebrand_%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Von Willebrand 因子（页面不存在）">vWF</a>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ristocetin_%E8%AF%B1%E5%AF%BC%E5%9E%8B%E8%A1%80%E5%B0%8F%E6%9D%BF%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ristocetin 诱导型血小板聚集（页面不存在）">Ristocetin 诱导型血小板聚集</a> 凝血因子：<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%A1%80%E9%85%B6%E5%8E%9F%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="凝血酶原時間">凝血酶原时间</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E5%87%9D%E8%A1%80%E9%85%B6%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="部分凝血酶时间（页面不存在）">部分凝血活酶时间</a> 其他／一般<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%9D%E8%A1%80%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凝血功能检验项目（页面不存在）">凝血功能检验项目</a>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="出血时间（页面不存在）">BT</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%9D%E8%A1%80%E9%85%B6%E5%87%9D%E8%A1%80%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凝血酶凝血时间（页面不存在）">凝血酶凝血时间</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9B%87%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89%E9%85%B6%E5%87%9D%E8%A1%80%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蛇静脉酶凝血时间（页面不存在）">蛇静脉酶凝血时间</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%80%E9%87%8ARussell%E8%9B%87%E6%AF%92%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="稀释Russell蛇毒时间（页面不存在）">dRVVT</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%9D%E8%A1%80%E5%BC%B9%E6%80%A7%E6%8F%8F%E8%AE%B0%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凝血弹性描记法（页面不存在）">凝血弹性描记法</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E9%99%8D%E8%A7%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纤维蛋白降解（页面不存在）">纤维蛋白降解</a>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%98%E7%90%83%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="优球蛋白溶解时间（页面不存在）">优球蛋白溶解时间</a> · <a href="/wiki/D-%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93" title="D-二聚体">D-二聚体</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%B3%96" title="血糖">血液糖类</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄糖试验（页面不存在）">葡萄糖试验</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96%E8%80%90%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄糖耐量试验（页面不存在）">葡萄糖耐量试验</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%96%E8%A1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="糖血（页面不存在）">糖血症</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E5%88%9B%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无创葡萄糖检测（页面不存在）">无创葡萄糖检测</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=C-%E8%82%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C-肽（页面不存在）">C-肽</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96%E8%83%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="果糖胺（页面不存在）">果糖胺</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="随机葡萄糖试验（页面不存在）">随机葡萄糖试验</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E5%8C%96%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="糖化血红蛋白">糖化血红蛋白</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="內分泌系統">内分泌</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACTH_%E5%88%BA%E6%BF%80%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACTH 刺激试验（页面不存在）">ACTH 刺激试验</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E7%8A%B6%E8%85%BA%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甲状腺功能检验项目（页面不存在）">甲状腺功能检验项目</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E8%A1%80%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0" title="全血细胞计数">CBC</a>／<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="红细胞指数（页面不存在）">红细胞指数</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E7%BA%A2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平均红细胞血红蛋白（页面不存在）">MCH</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%93%E5%BA%A6" title="平均细胞血红蛋白浓度">MCHC</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E7%BA%A2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%AF" title="平均红细胞体积">MCV</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%8E%8B%E7%A7%AF" title="血细胞压积">HCT</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93" title="感染">感染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">病毒性：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%BC%BA%E9%99%B7%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="人類免疫缺陷病毒">HIV</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV_%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV 试验（页面不存在）">HIV 试验</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=BDNA_%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BDNA 试验（页面不存在）">BDNA 试验</a>） 细菌性：<a class="mw-selflink selflink">梅毒</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E7%97%85%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性病研究实验室试验（页面不存在）">VDRL</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E8%A1%80%E6%B5%86%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="快速血浆反应素（页面不存在）">快速血浆反应素</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="华氏试验（页面不存在）">华氏试验</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=FTA-ABS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTA-ABS（页面不存在）">FTA-ABS</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%8B%E6%AC%A1%E4%BD%93" title="立克次体">立克次体</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96-%E6%96%90%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外-斐试验（页面不存在）">Weil-Felix 试验</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%96%80%E8%9E%BA%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C" title="幽門螺桿菌">幽門螺桿菌</a>（<a href="/wiki/HelicoCARE_direct" title="HelicoCARE direct">HelicoCARE 直接试验</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E9%8F%88%E7%90%83%E8%8F%8C%E5%B1%AC" title="鏈球菌屬">链球菌</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E9%93%BE%E7%90%83%E8%8F%8C%E6%BA%B6%E8%A1%80%E7%B4%A0O%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="抗链球菌溶血素O试验">抗链球菌溶血素O试验</a>） 其他：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E8%9F%B2%E7%97%87" title="弓蟲症">弓形虫病</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E5%BD%A2%E8%99%AB%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="弓形虫染色试验">Sabin-Feldman 染色试验</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%8E%E7%97%87" title="炎症">炎症</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/C-%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="C-反應蛋白">CRP</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%B2%89%E9%99%8D%E7%8E%87" title="红细胞沉降率">ESR</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%8E%E5%84%BF%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胎儿血红蛋白（页面不存在）">胎儿血红蛋白</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apt-Downey_%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apt-Downey 试验（页面不存在）">Apt-Downey 试验</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleihauer-Betke_%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleihauer-Betke 试验（页面不存在）">Kleihauer-Betke 试验</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beutler_%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beutler 试验（页面不存在）">Beutler 试验</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%80%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="血膜（页面不存在）">血液薄膜</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E5%88%9B%E8%A1%80%E5%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有创血压（页面不存在）">有创血压监测</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=MELISA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MELISA（页面不存在）">MELISA</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=RAST_%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RAST 试验（页面不存在）">放射变应原吸附试验</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心脏标志物（页面不存在）">心脏标志物</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%96%E5%8E%9F%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E9%85%B6%E5%90%8C%E5%B7%A5%E9%85%B6_BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="糖原磷酸化酶同工酶 BB（页面不存在）">糖原磷酸化酶同工酶 BB</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E8%84%82" title="血脂">血液脂类</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="肿瘤标志物">肿瘤标志物</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>参阅：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%B8%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E5%80%BC%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4" title="血液检验项目正常参考值范围">血液检验项目正常参考值范围</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41083#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1141294/">FAST</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX529532">西班牙</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11949168r">法国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11949168r">BnF data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4058793-9">德国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555930105171">以色列</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85131679">美国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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