chair | Britannica

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class="slider-container js-slider-container overflow-hidden d-flex overflow-hidden text-nowrap ml-15"> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/04/42804-050-C831FF3A/Flamboyantly-chair-boxwood-Baroque-Andrea-Brustolon-1690.jpg" data-href="/media/1/104474/35375" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/04/42804-004-502F99DE/Flamboyantly-chair-boxwood-Baroque-Andrea-Brustolon-1690.jpg" alt="Baroque chair" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/05/7505-050-DF32AB97/Mahogany-ribbonback-chairs-style-Rococo-Thomas-Chippendale.jpg" data-href="/media/1/104474/4836" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/05/7505-004-5B1E12C9/Mahogany-ribbonback-chairs-style-Rococo-Thomas-Chippendale.jpg" alt="mahogany ribbonback chairs" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/25/134025-050-674FB9A1/Side-chair-mahogany-Honduras-ebony-inlay-silver-1907.jpg" data-href="/media/1/104474/141365" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/25/134025-004-C62E030C/Side-chair-mahogany-Honduras-ebony-inlay-silver-1907.jpg" alt="side chair" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/54/27054-050-8BB97D2A/armchair-Walnut-craftsman-Philadelphia-Art-Institute-of.jpg" data-href="/media/1/104474/14105" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/54/27054-004-9781C92F/armchair-Walnut-craftsman-Philadelphia-Art-Institute-of.jpg" alt="walnut armchair" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/99/150199-004-BFCBD4D3/Art-Deco-club-chair-ebony-mahogany-Maurice-1924.jpg" data-href="/media/1/104474/191910" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/99/150199-004-BFCBD4D3/Art-Deco-club-chair-ebony-mahogany-Maurice-1924.jpg" alt="Maurice Dufrène: club chair" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/32/99032-050-1D47F0FD/chair-Barcelona-cowhide-straps-Ludwig-Mies-van-1929.jpg" data-href="/media/1/104474/95010" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/32/99032-004-A06D67EA/chair-Barcelona-cowhide-straps-Ludwig-Mies-van-1929.jpg" alt="Barcelona chair and stool" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/20/6320-004-14FFF956/Bath-chair.jpg" data-href="/media/1/104474/4457" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/20/6320-004-14FFF956/Bath-chair.jpg" alt="Bath chair" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/99/30199-004-D119240F/armchair-Brewster-ash-American-Plymouth-Massachusetts-Pilgrim.jpg" data-href="/media/1/104474/72021" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/99/30199-004-D119240F/armchair-Brewster-ash-American-Plymouth-Massachusetts-Pilgrim.jpg" alt="Brewster armchair, ash, American, about 1660–80; in Pilgrim Hall Museum, Plymouth, Massachusetts." height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/06/135306-050-030A1D0A/horseshoe-armchair-Chinese-huanghuali-Qing-dynasty-Honolulu.jpg" data-href="/media/1/104474/147602" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/06/135306-004-9BE17872/horseshoe-armchair-Chinese-huanghuali-Qing-dynasty-Honolulu.jpg" alt="horseshoe armchair" height="50" /> </a> <a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/28/99028-050-A9B2F201/chair-Costes-wood-Philippe-Starck-leather-1982.jpg" data-href="/media/1/104474/95037" class="media-overlay-link d-inline-block mr-5"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/28/99028-004-F74A8EC8/chair-Costes-wood-Philippe-Starck-leather-1982.jpg" alt="Philippe Starck: Costes chair" 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href="/browse/Visual-Arts">Visual Arts</a> </span> <span class="breadcrumb-item "> <a class="link-gray-600" href="/browse/Decorative-Art">Decorative Art</a> </span> </nav> <h1 class="mb-5">chair: References & Edit History</h1> <div class="border-bottom mt-20"></div> <div id="More-Articles"> <h2 class="my-20">More Articles On This Topic</h2> <div class="mb-30"> <section><h3>Assorted References</h3><ul class="list-unstyled"></ul><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><strong>major reference</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/furniture/Upholstery-and-covers#ref609976" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">furniture: Chair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>place in interior design development</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/interior-design/Late-medieval-Europe#ref601490" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">interior design: Late medieval Europe</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>production by specialized craftsmen</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/furniture-industry#ref539850" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">furniture industry: History</a></span></li><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/furniture-industry/The-production-process#ref539886" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">furniture industry: The art of chairmaking</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></section><section><h3>designs by</h3><ul class="list-unstyled"></ul><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><strong>Chippendale</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chippendale#ref292619" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Chippendale</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>Saarinen</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eero-Saarinen#ref226111" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Eero Saarinen: Furniture design</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>Thonet</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/bentwood-furniture#ref186829" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">bentwood furniture</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></section><section><h3>example of furniture</h3><ul class="list-unstyled"></ul><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><strong>Early American furniture</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Early-American-furniture#ref23314" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Early American furniture</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>iron furniture</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/furniture#ref909296" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">furniture: Metal</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>Middle Ages</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/furniture/Middle-Ages#ref909030" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">furniture: Later Middle Ages</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></section><section><h3>types</h3><ul class="list-unstyled"></ul><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><strong>Barcelona chair</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Barcelona-chair#ref41329" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Barcelona chair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>bath chair</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/bath-chair#ref20405" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">bath chair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>Brewster chair</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/Brewster-chair#ref84352" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Brewster chair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>Carver chair</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Carver-chair#ref175752" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Carver chair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>cathedra</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/cathedra#ref70028" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">cathedra</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>cockfighting chair</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/cockfighting-chair#ref244542" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">cockfighting chair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>Cromwellian chair</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cromwellian-chair#ref110863" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Cromwellian chair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>Farthingale chair</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/farthingale-chair#ref91808" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">farthingale chair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>Gainsborough chair</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gainsborough-chair#ref156298" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Gainsborough chair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>klismos</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/klismos#ref47505" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">klismos</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>ladder-back chair</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/ladder-back-chair#ref256242" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">ladder-back chair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>love seat</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/love-seat#ref30051" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">love seat</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>platform rocker</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/platform-rocker#ref38007" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">platform rocker</a></span></li></ul></li><li><strong>Windsor chair</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Windsor-chair#ref908759" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Windsor chair</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></section><section><h3>use of</h3><ul class="list-unstyled"></ul><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><strong>wickerwork</strong><ul class="list-unstyled"><li> <span class="index-xref">In <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/wickerwork#ref284648" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">wickerwork</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></section></div> </div> <div id="Additional-Reading"> <div class="border-top"><h2 class="my-20">Additional Reading</h2> </div><div class="mb-30"> <span class="marker PREMOD1 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph"><span class="text-smallcaps">Galen Cranz</span>, <em>The Chair: Rethinking Culture, Body, and Design</em> (1998).</p><span class="marker MOD1 mod-inline"></span> </div> </div> <div id="contributors" class="pt-20 mt-30 border-top"> <div id="contributors-chair"> <h2 class="mb-20">Article Contributors</h2> <h3 class="topic-contributors-subtitle h4">Primary Contributors</h3> <ul class="list-unstyled mt-10 mb-20 contributor-PRIMARY"> <li> <a href="/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419">The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica</a> </li> </ul> <h3 class="topic-contributors-subtitle h4">Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors</h3> <ul class="list-unstyled mt-10 mb-20 contributor-NON_PRIMARY_EB"> <li> <a href="/editor/Adam-Augustyn/6394">Adam Augustyn</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editor/Yamini-Chauhan/7697573">Yamini Chauhan</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editor/Aakanksha-Gaur/9336039">Aakanksha Gaur</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editor/Virginia-Gorlinski/6739">Virginia Gorlinski</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editor/Kathleen-Kuiper/6741">Kathleen Kuiper</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editor/Robert-Lewis/3520625">Robert Lewis</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editor/Gloria-Lotha/7666594">Gloria Lotha</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editor/Veenu-Setia/7666606">Veenu Setia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editor/Amy-Tikkanen/6393">Amy Tikkanen</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editor/Grace-Young/7666614">Grace Young</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="history" class="pt-20 border-top"> <div id="history-chair"> <h2 class="mb-20">Article History</h2> <div class="mw-100 overflow-scroll"> <table class="article-history table"> <thead> <tr> <th class="topic-history-type">Type</th> <th class="topic-history-description">Description</th> <th class="topic-history-contributor">Contributor</th> <th class="topic-history-date">Date</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="link"></em> </td> <td> Add new Web site: International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology - Design and Fabrication of Multiutility Chair.</td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Grace-Young/7666614">Grace Young</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Aug 09, 2024</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="link"></em> </td> <td> Add new Web site: Academia - A Short History of Chairs.</td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Gloria-Lotha/7666594">Gloria Lotha</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Oct 27, 2023</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="link"></em> </td> <td> Add new Web site: Chair Institute - History of the Chair A Story to Sit and Enjoy!</td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Gloria-Lotha/7666594">Gloria Lotha</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Sep 15, 2023</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="link"></em> </td> <td> Add new Web site: NPR - Better Sit Down For This One: An Exciting Book About The History Of Chairs.</td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Aakanksha-Gaur/9336039">Aakanksha Gaur</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Mar 06, 2023</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="photo"></em> </td> <td> Removed media.</td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Adam-Augustyn/6394">Adam Augustyn</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Dec 14, 2021</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="photo"></em> </td> <td> Media added.</td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Robert-Lewis/3520625">Robert Lewis</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Feb 23, 2016</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="link"></em> </td> <td> Add new Web site: Old and Sold - Antique Chairs.</td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Yamini-Chauhan/7697573">Yamini Chauhan</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Jul 30, 2010</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="photo"></em> </td> <td> Added image of a mahogany and ebony chair, with assorted inlays, designed by Charles Sumner and Henry Mather Greene, c. 1907.</td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Virginia-Gorlinski/6739">Virginia Gorlinski</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> May 19, 2010</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="photo"></em> </td> <td> Illustrations and cross-references added.</td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Kathleen-Kuiper/6741">Kathleen Kuiper</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Feb 04, 2009</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="link"></em> </td> <td> Added new Web site: Designboom - Folding Chairs.</td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Veenu-Setia/7666606">Veenu Setia</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Oct 06, 2008</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="edit"></em> </td> <td> <span class="topic-history-diff-link link-blue" data-diff="/49/22249-004">Article revised and updated.</span></td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Amy-Tikkanen/6393">Amy Tikkanen</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Jun 27, 2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="edit"></em> </td> <td> <span class="topic-history-diff-link link-blue" data-diff="/49/22249-002">Bibliography revised.</span></td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Kathleen-Kuiper/6741">Kathleen Kuiper</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Oct 13, 2006</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="edit"></em> </td> <td> <span class="topic-history-diff-link link-blue" data-diff="/49/22249-002">Article revised and updated.</span></td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/Kathleen-Kuiper/6741">Kathleen Kuiper</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Oct 13, 2006</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="history-type"> <em class="material-icons " data-icon="edit"></em> </td> <td> Article added to new online database.</td> <td class="history-contributor"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li data-type="contributor"> <a href="/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419">The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica</a></li> </ul> </td> <td data-type="date" class="text-nowrap"> Jul 20, 1998</td> </tr> 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