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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial_Cavia" title="Ramón Rubial Cavia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ramón Rubial Cavia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial" title="Ramón Rubial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ramón Rubial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial" title="Ramón Rubial – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ramón Rubial" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial" title="Ramón Rubial – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ramón Rubial" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial" title="Ramón Rubial – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ramón Rubial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial" title="Ramón Rubial – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ramón Rubial" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84" title="رامون روبيال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رامون روبيال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial" title="Ramón Rubial – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ramón Rubial" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Рубиаль, Рамон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рубиаль, Рамон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial" title="Ramón Rubial – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ramón Rubial" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Рамон Рубіал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рамон Рубіал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%94" title="拉蒙·鲁维亚尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Rubial</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Cavia</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial##" title="Talk:Ramón Rubial">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ram%C3%B3n+Rubial%22">"Ramón Rubial"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ram%C3%B3n+Rubial%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ram%C3%B3n+Rubial%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ram%C3%B3n+Rubial%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ram%C3%B3n+Rubial%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ram%C3%B3n+Rubial%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bilbao.Guggenheim20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bilbao.Guggenheim20.jpg/225px-Bilbao.Guggenheim20.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bilbao.Guggenheim20.jpg/338px-Bilbao.Guggenheim20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bilbao.Guggenheim20.jpg/450px-Bilbao.Guggenheim20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Statue outside the Guggenheim museum in Bilbao</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ramón Rubial Cavia</b> (28 October 1906 – 24 May 1999)<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> leader. He was a main leader of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> in the Basque Country and in Spain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolutionary_action">Revolutionary action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Revolutionary action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Erandio" title="Erandio">Erandio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a>, Rubial was a metal worker.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_General_de_Trabajadores" title="Unión General de Trabajadores">Unión General de Trabajadores</a> (UGT) in 1920 and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> (PSOE) in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1934, he was arrested for revolutionary activities during the <a href="/wiki/Asturian_miners%27_strike_of_1934" title="Asturian miners' strike of 1934">Asturian miners' strike of 1934</a>, for which he was detained for seven months on a prisoner ship.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was then sentenced to seven years in prison for <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a>, but pardoned after the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(Spain)" title="Popular Front (Spain)">Popular Front</a> victory in the <a href="/wiki/1936_Spanish_general_election" title="1936 Spanish general election">1936 Spanish general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> he defended the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>, becoming a commissar in the XV Bridage.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was captured in February 1937 and imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, before being sentenced in 1940 to fourteen years in jail.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rubial was released in August 1956, and started to reorganize the PSOE and UGT in the Basque Country and in Spain working underground.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President of the PSOE since 1976, he was elected senator for <a href="/wiki/Biscay_(Senate_constituency)" title="Biscay (Senate constituency)">Biscay</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1977_Spanish_general_election" title="1977 Spanish general election">first democratic elections</a> of 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the Second Vice President of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Senate">Spanish Senate</a>. </p><p>On 7 February 1978, Rubial was elected President of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Basque_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Basque Council (page does not exist)">General Basque Council</a>, which prepared the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> for the return to autonomous government. He held this position until 1979, when <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Garaikoetxea" title="Carlos Garaikoetxea">Carlos Garaikoetxea</a> was elected.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1944 he married Emilia Cachorro, a former civil servant in the agriculture ministry, by special license.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They remained married until her death in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their daughter Lentxu was born in 1944, but he did not meet her until 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rubial died in <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> in 1999 at the age of 92. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Rubial&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HeywoodJune1999-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeywoodJune1999_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHeywood1999" class="citation news cs1">Heywood, Paul (7 June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/jun/08/guardianobituaries2">"Ramón Rubial Cavia"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ram%C3%B3n+Rubial+Cavia&rft.date=1999-06-07&rft.aulast=Heywood&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F1999%2Fjun%2F08%2Fguardianobituaries2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam%C3%B3n+Rubial" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Creation of the body</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basque_General_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basque General Council (page does not exist)">President of the Basque General Council</a> </b><br />1978-1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Garaikoetxea" title="Carlos Garaikoetxea">Carlos Garaikoetxea</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">—</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">President of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)</a> </b><br />1976-1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Chaves_(politician)" title="Manuel Chaves (politician)">Manuel Chaves</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Template talk:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Socialist_Workers&#039;_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EF1C27; color:white;;width:1%;background:#F5767C; color:black;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Secretaries-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Lamoneda" title="Ramón Lamoneda">Ramón Lamoneda</a> (1936–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Llopis" title="Rodolfo Llopis">Rodolfo Llopis</a> (1944–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> (1974–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a> (1997–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a> (2000–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_P%C3%A9rez_Rubalcaba" title="Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba">Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a> (2014–2016; 2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Deputy Secretaries-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Guerra" title="Alfonso Guerra">Alfonso Guerra</a> (1979–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Blanco_L%C3%B3pez" title="José Blanco López">José Blanco López</a> (2008–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Valenciano" title="Elena Valenciano">Elena Valenciano</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriana_Lastra" title="Adriana Lastra">Adriana Lastra</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Iglesias_Posse" title="Pablo Iglesias Posse">Pablo Iglesias</a> (1879–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Besteiro" title="Julián Besteiro">Julián Besteiro</a> (1925–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Largo_Caballero" title="Francisco Largo Caballero">Francisco Largo Caballero</a> (1931–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indalecio_Prieto" title="Indalecio Prieto">Indalecio Prieto</a> (1935–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trif%C3%B3n_G%C3%B3mez" title="Trifón Gómez">Trifón Gómez</a> (1948–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascual_Tom%C3%A1s" title="Pascual Tomás">Pascual Tomás</a> (1964–1967)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramón Rubial</a> (1967–1970; 1976–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Chaves_(politician)" title="Manuel Chaves (politician)">Manuel Chaves</a> (2000–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Gri%C3%B1%C3%A1n" title="José Antonio Griñán">José Antonio Griñán</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micaela_Navarro" title="Micaela Navarro">Micaela Navarro</a> (2014–2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Javier_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(Spanish_politician)" title="Javier Fernández (Spanish politician)">Javier Fernández</a> (2017)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Narbona" title="Cristina Narbona">Cristina Narbona</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EF1C27; color:white;;width:1%;background:#F5767C; color:black;">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Regional wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Andalusia" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia">Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Aragon" title="Socialists' Party of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Socialist_Federation" title="Asturian Socialist Federation">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Balearic_Islands" title="Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Basque_Country%E2%80%93Basque_Country_Left" title="Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Canaries" title="Socialist Party of the Canaries">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Cantabria" title="Socialist Party of Cantabria">Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Socialist Party of Castile and León">Castile and León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Socialist Party of Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Catalonia" title="Socialists' Party of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Extremadura" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialists%27_Party_of_Galicia" title="Socialists' Party of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_La_Rioja" title="Socialist Party of La Rioja">La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of the Community of Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Region_of_Murcia" title="Socialist Party of the Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Navarre" title="Socialist Party of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Valencian_Country" title="Socialist Party of the Valencian Country">Valencian Community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Affiliated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Youth_of_Spain" title="Socialist Youth of Spain">Socialist Youth of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEAS_Foundation_for_progress" title="IDEAS Foundation for progress">IDEAS Foundation for progress</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Socialista_(newspaper)" title="El Socialista (newspaper)">El Socialista</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Left_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist Left (Spain) (page does not exist)">Socialist Left</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FCCBCD;;width:1%">Former affiliated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Federation_of_the_PSOE" title="Catalan Federation of the PSOE">Catalan Federation of the PSOE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialists_of_Catalonia" title="Socialists of Catalonia">Socialists of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Socialist Party (Spain)">People's Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Spain)" title="Democratic Action Party (Spain)">Democratic Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_New_Left" title="Democratic Party of the New Left">Democratic Party of the New Left</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EF1C27; color:white;;width:1%;background:#F5767C; color:black;">Congresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">1st (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">2nd (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">3rd (1892)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">4th (1894)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">5th (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">6th (1902)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">7th (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">8th (1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">9th (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">10th (1915)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">11th (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1921_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1921 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">12th (1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">13th (1932)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">14th (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">15th (1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">16th (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=17th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">17th (1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=18th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">18th (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=19th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="19th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">19th (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=20th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">20th (1958)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=21st_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="21st Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">21st (1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=22nd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="22nd Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">22nd (1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=23rd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="23rd Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">23rd (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=24th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="24th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">24th (1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=25th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="25th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">25th (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=26th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="26th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">26th (1974)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=27th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="27th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">27th (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=28th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="28th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">28th (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">Ext. (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=29th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="29th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">29th (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=30th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="30th Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">30th (1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=31st_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="31st Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">31st (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="32nd Federal Congress of the PSOE (page does not exist)">32nd (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="33rd Federal Congress of the PSOE">33rd (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="34th Federal Congress of the PSOE">34th (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="35th Federal Congress of the PSOE">35th (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="36th Federal Congress of the PSOE">36th (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="37th Federal Congress of the PSOE">37th (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="38th Federal Congress of the PSOE">38th (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Extraordinary_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="2014 Extraordinary Federal Congress of the PSOE">Ext. (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="39th Federal Congress of the PSOE">39th (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="40th Federal Congress of the PSOE">40th (2021)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/41st_Federal_Congress_of_the_PSOE" title="41st Federal Congress of the PSOE">41st (2024)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2608777#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2608777#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2608777#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000378010893">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/255729002">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1946190/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxcWCDjTRvKj9frTDBdcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2012053157">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/165777001">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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