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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_of_the_people_of_Zulu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strength_of_the_Zulu_nation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strength_of_the_Zulu_nation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Strength of the Zulu nation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strength_of_the_Zulu_nation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conflict_with_the_British" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_with_the_British"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Conflict with the British</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_with_the_British-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absorption_into_Natal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absorption_into_Natal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Absorption into Natal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absorption_into_Natal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apartheid_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apartheid_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Apartheid years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apartheid_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-KwaZulu_homeland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KwaZulu_homeland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>KwaZulu homeland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KwaZulu_homeland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inkatha_YeSizwe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inkatha_YeSizwe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span><i>Inkatha YeSizwe</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inkatha_YeSizwe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceremony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceremony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ceremony</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ceremony-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ceremony subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ceremony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Umhlanga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umhlanga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Umhlanga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umhlanga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beadwork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beadwork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Beadwork</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beadwork-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Beadwork subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Beadwork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_of_beadwork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_beadwork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>History of beadwork</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_beadwork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose_of_beadwork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose_of_beadwork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Purpose of beadwork</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose_of_beadwork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apparel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apparel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Apparel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apparel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colours_of_beads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colours_of_beads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Colours of beads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colours_of_beads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Clothing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Societal_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Societal_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Societal roles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Societal_roles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Societal roles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Societal_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Men" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Men</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stick_fighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stick_fighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Stick fighting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stick_fighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_and_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Religion and beliefs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bride_wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bride_wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bride wealth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bride_wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Zulus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Zulus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable Zulus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Zulus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zulu people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoeloes" title="Zoeloes – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Zoeloes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88" title="شعب زولو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب زولو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblu_zul%C3%BA" title="Pueblu zulú – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pueblu zulú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulular" title="Zulular – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zulular" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="زولو‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زولو‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF)" title="জুলু (জাতি) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জুলু (জাতি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu-cho%CC%8Dk" title="Zulu-cho̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Zulu-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Зулусы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зулусы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Зулу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зулу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%99%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="ཙོ་ལུའུ་པ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཙོ་ལུའུ་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zouloued" title="Zouloued – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Zouloued" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulus" title="Zulus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zulus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulov%C3%A9" title="Zulové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zulové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vazulu" title="Vazulu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vazulu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swl%C5%B5iaid" title="Swlŵiaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Swlŵiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuluer" title="Zuluer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zuluer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_(Ethnie)" title="Zulu (Ethnie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zulu (Ethnie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Ζουλού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζουλού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_zul%C3%BA" title="Pueblo zulú – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo zulú" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuluoj" title="Zuluoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zuluoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zulu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88" title="زولو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زولو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoulous" title="Zoulous – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zoulous" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAl%C3%BAigh" title="Súlúigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Súlúigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_zul%C3%BA" title="Pobo zulú – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo zulú" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%84%EB%A3%A8%EC%A1%B1" title="줄루족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="줄루족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Զուլուսներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զուլուսներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="ज़ुलु लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज़ुलु लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zulu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuluo" title="Zuluo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zuluo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Zulu" title="Suku Zulu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Zulu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmaZulu" title="AmaZulu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="AmaZulu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zulu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95" title="זולו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זולו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3" title="ზულუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზულუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Зұлыстар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зұлыстар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wazulu" title="Wazulu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wazulu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazulu" title="Bazulu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Bazulu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Зулу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Зулу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Зулувлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Зулувлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Зулу – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Зулу" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuluani" title="Zuluani – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zuluani" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zulu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_(Vollek)" title="Zulu (Vollek) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zulu (Vollek)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulai" title="Zulai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zulai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zulu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuluk" title="Zuluk – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zuluk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C" title="സുലു ജനത‌‌‌ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുലു ജനത‌‌‌" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82" title="झुलू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झुलू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88" title="زولو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زولو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zulu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ဇူးလူးလူမျိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇူးလူးလူမျိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoeloes" title="Zoeloes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zoeloes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="ズールー人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ズールー人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuluer" title="Zuluer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zuluer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuluar" title="Zuluar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zuluar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolos" title="Zolos – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zolos" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulusi" title="Zulusi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zulusi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulus" title="Zulus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zulus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poporul_zulu" title="Poporul zulu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Poporul zulu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Зулусы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зулусы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazulu" title="Mazulu – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Mazulu" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zulu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%96_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="සූලූ ජනයා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සූලූ ජනයා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zulu people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/EmaZulu" title="EmaZulu – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="EmaZulu" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadka_Zulu" title="Dadka Zulu – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dadka Zulu" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Зулу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зулу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zulu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulut" title="Zulut – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zulut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zulu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81" title="சூலு இனக்குழு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சூலு இனக்குழு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9" title="ซูลู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซูลู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Зулу – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зулу" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulular" title="Zulular – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zulular" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1zulu" title="A̱zulu – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱zulu" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Зулуси – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зулуси" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cujluj" title="Cujluj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cujluj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zulu" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Zulu" title="Người Zulu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Zulu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E9%B2%81%E6%97%8F" title="祖鲁族 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="祖鲁族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Zulu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E9%AD%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="祖魯人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="祖魯人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Amazulu" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Amazulu_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Amazulu (disambiguation)">Amazulu (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Zulu people<br />AmaZulu</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ZuluWarriors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ZuluWarriors.jpg/220px-ZuluWarriors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ZuluWarriors.jpg/330px-ZuluWarriors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ZuluWarriors.jpg/440px-ZuluWarriors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="235" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">15,723,791<sup id="cite_ref-:5_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Africa" title="Christianity in Africa">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zulu_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Zulu religion">Zulu religion</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_people" title="Xhosa people">Xhosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swazi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hlubi_people" title="Hlubi people">Hlubi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thembu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Thembu people">Thembu people</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Ndebele_people" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ndebele people">Southern Ndebele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_people" title="Northern Ndebele people">Northern Ndebele</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ngoni_people" title="Ngoni people">Ngoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_people" title="San people">San people</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Zulu</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Um</b>Zulu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Ama</b>Zulu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Isi</b>Zulu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Kwa</b>Zulu</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zulu people</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>: <i lang="zu">amaZulu</i>) are a native people of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nguni_people" title="Nguni people">Nguni</a>. The Zulu people are the largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa" title="Ethnic groups in South Africa">ethnic group and nation in South Africa</a>, living mainly in the province of <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a>. </p><p>They originated from Nguni communities who took part in the Bantu migrations over millennia. As the clans integrated, the rulership of <a href="/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka">Shaka</a> brought success to the Zulu nation due to his improved military tactics and organization.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Zulus take pride in their ceremonies such as the <a href="/wiki/Umhlanga_(ceremony)#South_Africa" title="Umhlanga (ceremony)">Umhlanga</a>, or Reed Dance, and their various forms of beadwork.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The art and skill of beadwork take part in the identification of Zulu people and act as a form of communication and dedication to the nation and specific traditions. Today, the Zulu people are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a>, but have created a <a href="/wiki/Religious_syncretism" title="Religious syncretism">syncretic religion</a> that is combined with the Zulu's prior belief systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Groenewald-2003_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Groenewald-2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_people_of_Zulu">History of the people of Zulu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of the people of Zulu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Zulu were originally a minor clan in what is today Northern <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a>, founded <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1574</span> by <a href="/wiki/Zulu_kaMalandela" class="mw-redirect" title="Zulu kaMalandela">Zulu kaMalandela</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Nguni_languages" title="Nguni languages">Nguni languages</a>, <i>iZulu</i> means <i>heaven</i> or weather<i>.</i> At that time, the area was occupied by many large <a href="/wiki/Nguni_people" title="Nguni people">Nguni</a> communities and clans (also called the <i>isizwe</i> people or nation, or called <i>isibongo</i>, referring to their clan or family name). Nguni communities had migrated down Africa's east coast over millennia, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu migrations</a>. As the nation began to develop, the rulership of Shaka (about 250 years after it was founded) brought the clans together to build a cohesive identity for the Zulu.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strength_of_the_Zulu_nation">Strength of the Zulu nation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Strength of the Zulu nation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Utimuni.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Utimuni.png/220px-Utimuni.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Utimuni.png/330px-Utimuni.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Utimuni.png/440px-Utimuni.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Utimuni" title="Utimuni">Utimuni</a>, nephew of King <a href="/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka">Shaka</a>, strikes a warrior's pose</figcaption></figure> <p>The Zulu nation's growth and strength were based on its military organization and skills during Shaka's reign and those of his successors. The military was organized around the <i>ukubuthwa</i> ("to be enrolled") system, which did away with initiation ceremonies for the most part. Each age set, or group of young men of the same age, was assigned to the same regiment (<i>ibutho</i>, singular; <i>amabutho</i>, plural), according to the system. Girls were also subject to <i>ukubuthwa</i>, but they were usually assigned to an age group rather than to a regiment. The <i>amabutho</i> were housed in military barracks (singular, <i>ikhanda</i>; plural, <i>amakhanda</i>) located throughout the kingdom and under the command of a close relative to (or someone else appointed by) the king.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The barracks were designed and laid out similarly to an <i>umuzi</i>, but on a much larger scale. Aside from military duties, the <i>izinsizwa</i> ("young men") were also responsible for the repair and maintenance of their barracks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom">Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zulu Kingdom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KingShaka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/KingShaka.jpg/220px-KingShaka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/KingShaka.jpg/330px-KingShaka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/KingShaka.jpg/440px-KingShaka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>King Shaka</figcaption></figure> <p>The Zulu formed a powerful state in 1816<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the leader <a href="/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka">Shaka</a>. Shaka, as the Zulu commander of the <a href="/wiki/Mthethwa_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mthethwa Empire">Mthethwa Empire</a> and successor to <a href="/wiki/Dingiswayo" title="Dingiswayo">Dingiswayo</a>, united what was once a confederation of lordships into an imposing empire under Zulu <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemony</a>. Shaka built a militarized system known as <a href="/wiki/Impi" title="Impi">Impi</a> featuring conscription, a standing army, new weaponry, regimentation, and encirclement battle tactics. Zulu expansion was a major factor of the <a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a> ("Crushing") that depopulated large areas of southern Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was during this period when Shaka deployed an army regiment for raiding nations in the North. The regiment which was under Mzilikazi disobeyed Shaka and crafted a plan to continue raiding up-North forming another dialect of Zulu language referred to as <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_language" title="Northern Ndebele language">Northern Ndebele</a> (now in Zimbabwe). Another group under <a href="/wiki/Zwangendaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Zwangendaba">Zwangendaba</a> who was Shakas relative from the Gumbi Clan from <a href="/wiki/Pongola,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Pongola, KwaZulu-Natal">Pongola</a> and military commander trekked northwards crossing the Zambezi River at Chirundu in 1835 into Zambia setting up the <a href="/wiki/Ngoni_people" title="Ngoni people">Ngoni</a> nation that extended to Malawi, Mozambique and Southern Tanzania.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conflict_with_the_British">Conflict with the British</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conflict with the British"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War" title="Anglo-Zulu War">Anglo-Zulu War</a></div> <p>In mid-December 1878, envoys of the British crown delivered an ultimatum to 11 chiefs representing the then-current king of the Zulu empire, <a href="/wiki/Cetshwayo" title="Cetshwayo">Cetshwayo</a>. Under the British terms delivered to the Zulu, Cetshwayo would have been required to disband his army and accept British sovereignty. Cetshwayo refused, and war between the Zulus and African contingents of the British crown began on January 12, 1879. Despite an early victory for the Zulus at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Isandlwana" title="Battle of Isandlwana">Battle of Isandlwana</a> on 22 January, the British fought back and won the <a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Rorke%27s_Drift" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle at Rorke's Drift">Battle at Rorke's Drift</a>, and decisively defeated the Zulu army by July at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulundi" title="Battle of Ulundi">Battle of Ulundi</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Absorption_into_Natal">Absorption into Natal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Absorption into Natal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZuluWarriors_adj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/ZuluWarriors_adj.jpg/220px-ZuluWarriors_adj.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/ZuluWarriors_adj.jpg/330px-ZuluWarriors_adj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/ZuluWarriors_adj.jpg/440px-ZuluWarriors_adj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="235" /></a><figcaption>Zulu <a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">warriors</a> in the late nineteenth century, with Europeans in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>After Cetshwayo's capture a month following his defeat, the British divided the Zulu Empire into 13 "kinglets". The sub-kingdoms fought amongst each other until 1883 when Cetshwayo was reinstated as <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Zulu_Nation" title="King of the Zulu Nation">king</a> over <a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zululand</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This still did not stop the fighting and the Zulu monarch was forced to flee his realm by <a href="/wiki/Usibepu" class="mw-redirect" title="Usibepu">Zibhebhu</a>, one of the 13 kinglets, supported by Boer mercenaries. Cetshwayo died of a heart attack in February 1884, leaving his son, the 15-year-old <a href="/wiki/Dinuzulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinuzulu">Dinuzulu</a>, to inherit the throne. In-fighting between the Zulu continued for years until in 1897 Zululand was absorbed fully into the British <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">colony of Natal</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apartheid_years">Apartheid years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Apartheid years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="KwaZulu_homeland">KwaZulu homeland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: KwaZulu homeland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu" title="KwaZulu">KwaZulu</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zulud%C3%A4nzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Zulud%C3%A4nzer.jpg/250px-Zulud%C3%A4nzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Zulud%C3%A4nzer.jpg/330px-Zulud%C3%A4nzer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Zulud%C3%A4nzer.jpg/500px-Zulud%C3%A4nzer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="1016" /></a><figcaption>Zulu man performing traditional warrior dance</figcaption></figure> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">homeland</a> of <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu" title="KwaZulu">KwaZulu</a> (<i>Kwa</i> meaning <i>place of</i>) was created for the Zulu people. In 1970, the Bantu Homeland Citizenship Act provided that all Zulus would become citizens of KwaZulu, losing their South African citizenship. KwaZulu consisted of many disconnected pieces of land, in what is now <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a>. Hundreds of thousands of Zulu people living on privately owned "black spots" outside of KwaZulu were dispossessed and forcibly moved to <a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">bantustans</a> – worse land previously reserved for whites contiguous to existing areas of KwaZulu. By 1993, approximately 5.2 million Zulu people lived in KwaZulu, and approximately 2 million lived in the rest of South Africa. The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Ministers_of_KwaZulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Ministers of KwaZulu">Chief Minister</a> of KwaZulu, from its creation in 1970 (as Zululand) was Chief <a href="/wiki/Mangosuthu_Buthelezi" title="Mangosuthu Buthelezi">Mangosuthu Buthelezi</a>. In 1994, KwaZulu was joined with the province of Natal, to form the modern KwaZulu-Natal.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inkatha_YeSizwe"><i>Inkatha YeSizwe</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Inkatha YeSizwe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inkatha_Freedom_Party" title="Inkatha Freedom Party">Inkatha Freedom Party</a></div> <p><i>Inkatha YeSizwe</i> means "the crown of the nation". In 1975, Buthelezi revived the Inkatha YaKwaZulu, the predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Inkatha_Freedom_Party" title="Inkatha Freedom Party">Inkatha Freedom Party</a>. This organisation was nominally a protest movement against Apartheid but held more conservative views than the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a>. For example, Inkatha was opposed to the armed struggle, and sanctions against South Africa. Inkatha was initially on good terms with the ANC, but the two organisations came into increasing conflict beginning in 1976 in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Soweto_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Soweto Uprising">Soweto Uprising</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_2011_Zulu_speakers_proportion_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/South_Africa_2011_Zulu_speakers_proportion_map.svg/220px-South_Africa_2011_Zulu_speakers_proportion_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/South_Africa_2011_Zulu_speakers_proportion_map.svg/330px-South_Africa_2011_Zulu_speakers_proportion_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/South_Africa_2011_Zulu_speakers_proportion_map.svg/440px-South_Africa_2011_Zulu_speakers_proportion_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Map of South Africa showing the primary <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu language</a> speech area in shades of darker green</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu language</a></div> <p>The language of the Zulu people is "isiZulu", a <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu language</a>; more specifically, part of the <a href="/wiki/Nguni_languages" title="Nguni languages">Nguni</a> subgroup. Zulu is the most widely spoken language in South Africa, where it is an <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>. More than half of the South African population can understand it, with over 13.78 million first-language and over 15 million second-language speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Zulu people also speak <a href="/wiki/Xitsonga_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Xitsonga language">Xitsonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesotho">Sesotho</a> and others from among <a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Official languages of South Africa">South Africa's 12 official languages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ceremony">Ceremony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ceremony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_africa_-_zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_(6478982761).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/South_africa_-_zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286478982761%29.jpg/220px-South_africa_-_zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286478982761%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/South_africa_-_zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286478982761%29.jpg/330px-South_africa_-_zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286478982761%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/South_africa_-_zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286478982761%29.jpg/440px-South_africa_-_zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286478982761%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4742" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption>Zulu people gather at Reed Dance ceremony.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Zulu_calendar" title="Zulu calendar">Zulu calendar</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Umhlanga">Umhlanga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Umhlanga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Zulu people celebrate an annual event that was established in 1984 called the Umhlanga or Reed Dance. This event takes place at the royal capital near <a href="/wiki/Nongoma" title="Nongoma">Nongoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This traditional ceremony is performed by young women from all parts of the kingdom to perform in front of the monarch and his guests.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of this event is to promote pride in virginity and to restrain sexual relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beadwork is a prominent attire that is worn at the Umhlanga. The beadwork is not only worn by the dancers but by the guests as well. The Umhlanga is not purely for a time of dance. The <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Zulu_Nation" title="King of the Zulu Nation">King</a> also uses this time to speak to the young men and women of the nation. The King discusses current political issues.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_-_Zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_(6482557081).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/South_Africa_-_Zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286482557081%29.jpg/220px-South_Africa_-_Zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286482557081%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/South_Africa_-_Zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286482557081%29.jpg/330px-South_Africa_-_Zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286482557081%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/South_Africa_-_Zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286482557081%29.jpg/440px-South_Africa_-_Zulu_reed_dance_ceremony_%286482557081%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2791" data-file-height="3870" /></a><figcaption>Married Zulu women wearing headdresses at annual Reed Dance ceremony.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beadwork">Beadwork</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Beadwork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_beadwork">History of beadwork</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History of beadwork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The creation of beadwork dates back to the times of war for the Zulu people. This particular form of beadwork was known as <i>iziqu</i>, medallions of war.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often worn as a necklace, the beads were displayed in a criss-cross formation across the shoulders. This assemblage of beads by the warriors represented a symbol of bravery.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the use of glass was apparent to the Zulu, beadwork was derived from wood, seeds and berries.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not until the arrival of Europeans that glass became a trade material with the Portuguese, which soon became abundantly available to the Zulu.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purpose_of_beadwork">Purpose of beadwork</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Purpose of beadwork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beadwork is a form of communication for the Zulu people. Typically when one is wearing multiple beads, it is a sign of wealth. The more beads one is wearing, the wealthier they are perceived.<sup id="cite_ref-Boram-Hayes-2005_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boram-Hayes-2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The beads have the potential to convey information about a person's age, gender and marital status. The design of the beads often conveys a particular message. However, one must know the context of their use to read the message correctly.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the area in which the beadwork was made, some designs can depict different messages compared to other areas. A message could be embedded into the colours and structure of the beads or could be strictly for decorative purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beadwork can be worn in everyday use but is often worn during important occasions such as weddings, or ceremonies. For example, beadwork is featured during the coming of age for a young girl or worn during dances.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The beaded elements complement the costumes worn by the Zulu people to bring out a sense of finery or prestige.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apparel">Apparel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Apparel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_Ethnology,_Osaka_-_Love_letter_made_of_beads_-_Zulu_people_in_South_Africa_-_Collected_in_1996.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/National_Museum_of_Ethnology%2C_Osaka_-_Love_letter_made_of_beads_-_Zulu_people_in_South_Africa_-_Collected_in_1996.jpg/250px-National_Museum_of_Ethnology%2C_Osaka_-_Love_letter_made_of_beads_-_Zulu_people_in_South_Africa_-_Collected_in_1996.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/National_Museum_of_Ethnology%2C_Osaka_-_Love_letter_made_of_beads_-_Zulu_people_in_South_Africa_-_Collected_in_1996.jpg/330px-National_Museum_of_Ethnology%2C_Osaka_-_Love_letter_made_of_beads_-_Zulu_people_in_South_Africa_-_Collected_in_1996.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/National_Museum_of_Ethnology%2C_Osaka_-_Love_letter_made_of_beads_-_Zulu_people_in_South_Africa_-_Collected_in_1996.jpg/500px-National_Museum_of_Ethnology%2C_Osaka_-_Love_letter_made_of_beads_-_Zulu_people_in_South_Africa_-_Collected_in_1996.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption>Zulu beadwork necklace</figcaption></figure> <p>Beadwork is worn by all men, women, and children at any age. Depending on which stage of life an individual is in, the beadwork indicates different meanings. Beadwork is predominantly worn when young Zulu people are courting or in search of love affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wearing of decorative beadwork can act as an attempt to grab the attention of someone of the opposite sex.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the gifting of beadwork is a way of communicating interest with lovers.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the transition from single to married women, beadwork is shown through a beaded cloth apron worn over a pleated leather skirt.<sup id="cite_ref-Boram-Hayes-2005_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boram-Hayes-2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for older or mature women, beadwork is displayed in detailed headdresses and cowhide skirts that extend past the knee. These long skirts are also seen on unmarried women and young marriageable-age girls.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men are more conservative when wearing beadwork.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, when a young boy is seen wearing multiple necklaces, it is a sign that he is highly interested in these gifts from various girls. The more gifts he wears, the higher the prestige he obtains.<sup id="cite_ref-Boram-Hayes-2005_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boram-Hayes-2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kralen_halssieraad_voor_jonge_Zulu_vrouwen_%27Liefdesbrief%27_TMnr_3279-45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kralen_halssieraad_voor_jonge_Zulu_vrouwen_%27Liefdesbrief%27_TMnr_3279-45.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kralen_halssieraad_voor_jonge_Zulu_vrouwen_%27Liefdesbrief%27_TMnr_3279-45.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kralen_halssieraad_voor_jonge_Zulu_vrouwen_%27Liefdesbrief%27_TMnr_3279-45.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kralen_halssieraad_voor_jonge_Zulu_vrouwen_%27Liefdesbrief%27_TMnr_3279-45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kralen_halssieraad_voor_jonge_Zulu_vrouwen_%27Liefdesbrief%27_TMnr_3279-45.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Kralen_halssieraad_voor_jonge_Zulu_vrouwen_%27Liefdesbrief%27_TMnr_3279-45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption>Zulu beadwork necklace.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colours_of_beads">Colours of beads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Colours of beads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various forms of beadwork are found in different colour schemes. Typically, there are four different types of colour schemes: </p> <ul><li><i>Isisshunka</i> – white, light blue, dark green, pale yellow, pink, red, black. This colour scheme is believed to have no specific meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Isithembu</i> – light blue, grass green, bright yellow, red, black. This colour scheme derives from clans or clan areas.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Umzansi</i> – white, dark blue, grass green, red. This colour scheme also derives from clans or clan areas.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Isinyolovane</i> – a combination of any colours not consistent with other colour schemes. This colour scheme is often related to connotations of perfection and charm.<sup id="cite_ref-preston-1994_10-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preston-1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The colours of beads might hold different meanings based on the area that they originated from. It is often that this can lead to misrepresentation or confusion when attempting to understand what the beadwork is communicating. One cannot assume that the colour system is standard across <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. In some areas, the colour green symbolises jealousy in a certain area, but in other areas it symbolises grass.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One must know the origin of the beadwork to interpret the message correctly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clothing">Clothing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Swenkas" title="Swenkas">Swenkas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IQhugwane-binneruimte_in_die_Mtonjaneni-museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/IQhugwane-binneruimte_in_die_Mtonjaneni-museum.jpg/220px-IQhugwane-binneruimte_in_die_Mtonjaneni-museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/IQhugwane-binneruimte_in_die_Mtonjaneni-museum.jpg/330px-IQhugwane-binneruimte_in_die_Mtonjaneni-museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/IQhugwane-binneruimte_in_die_Mtonjaneni-museum.jpg/440px-IQhugwane-binneruimte_in_die_Mtonjaneni-museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Interior space of a traditional beehive hut or <i>iQhugwane</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Zulus wear a variety of attire, both traditional for ceremonial or culturally celebratory occasions, and modern Westernised clothing for everyday use. The women dress differently depending on whether they are single, engaged, or married. The men wore a leather belt with two strips of hide hanging down front and back. </p><p>In South Africa, the miniskirt has existed since pre-colonial times. In African cultures, such as the Basotho, the Batswana, the Bapedi, the Amaswati and the AmaZulu, women wore traditional miniskirts as cultural attire.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanders-2016_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanders-2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These skirts are not seen as shameless, but are used to cover the women's genitals. The skirts are called isigcebhezana and are essential in Zulu ceremonies. For example, <a href="/wiki/Umemulo" title="Umemulo">Umemulo</a> is a ceremony for women who turn 21 years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanders-2016_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanders-2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It represents a huge transition in the woman's life because it is a symbol of her being ready to accept a boyfriend and even get married. Additionally, each stage of a Zulu's life is determined by a specific type of clothing. An unmarried woman wears a skirt and nothing on top, but as she grows up, the woman starts to cover up her body because a time will come when she will be a married woman and an old woman. Nonetheless, a special type of clothing is reserved for pregnant women. When a woman is pregnant she wears an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mrxstitch.com/zulu-headdress/">"isibamba</a>", a thick belt made from dried grass, covered with glass or plastic beadwork, to support her swelling stomach and its additional weight.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Societal_roles">Societal roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Societal roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Men">Men</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Men"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Zulu people govern under a patriarchal society.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men are perceived as the head of the household and seen as authoritative figures. Zulu men identify themselves with great pride and dignity. They also compare themselves to qualities of powerful wild animals such as bulls, lions and elephants.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The men contribute to society by acting as defenders, hunters, and lovers.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zulu men are also in charge of herding the cattle, educating themselves on the lives of disciplined warriors, creating weapons, and learning the art of stick fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stick_fighting">Stick fighting</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Stick fighting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The art of stick fighting is a celebration of manhood for Zulu men. These men can begin to learn this fighting art form as young as the age of five years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are multiple reasons why men learn how to stick fight. For example, men may want to learn so that they can set right any wrongs or insults made towards them.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other reasons some men choose to learn are for sporting purposes, proving skills or manliness, and self-defence.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal of stick fighting is to injure the opponent and sometimes even kill.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are rules of etiquette that must be abided by when stick fighting. The men can only fight a man the same age as them. One cannot hit the opponent when they lose their stick. Only sticks are allowed when fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women">Women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The women in Zulu society often perform domestic chores such as cleaning, raising children, collecting water and firewood, laundry, tending to crops, cooking, and making clothes.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women can be considered as the sole income earners of the household. A woman's stages of life lead up to the goal of marriage. As a woman approaches puberty, she is known as a <i>tshitshi</i>. A <i>tshitshi</i> reveals her singleness by wearing less clothing. Single women typically do not wear clothing to cover their head, breasts, legs and shoulders.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Engaged women wear hairnets to show their marital status to society and married women cover themselves in clothing and headdresses.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, women are taught to defer to men and treat them with great respect. The women are always bound by a male figure.<sup id="cite_ref-Derwent-1998_11-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derwent-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion_and_beliefs">Religion and beliefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Religion and beliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu traditional religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zulu_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Zulu Christianity">Zulu Christianity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AAC_Worshippers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/AAC_Worshippers.jpg/250px-AAC_Worshippers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/AAC_Worshippers.jpg/330px-AAC_Worshippers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/AAC_Worshippers.jpg/500px-AAC_Worshippers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>Zulu worshippers at a <a href="/wiki/United_African_Apostolic_Church" title="United African Apostolic Church">United African Apostolic Church</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Oribi_Gorge" title="Oribi Gorge">Oribi Gorge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Most Zulu people state their beliefs to be <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>. Some of the most common churches to which they belong are <a href="/wiki/African_Initiated_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="African Initiated Church">African Initiated Churches</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Zion_Christian_Church" title="Zion Christian Church">Zion Christian Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazareth_Baptist_Church" title="Nazareth Baptist Church">Nazareth Baptist Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_African_Apostolic_Church" title="United African Apostolic Church">United African Apostolic Church</a>, although membership of major European Churches, such as the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> Churches are also common. Nevertheless, many Zulus retain their traditional pre-Christian belief system of ancestor worship in parallel with their Christianity. </p><p>Traditional Zulu religion includes belief in a creator God (<i>uNkulunkulu</i>) who is above interacting in day-to-day human life, although this belief appears to have originated from efforts by early Christian missionaries to frame the idea of the Christian God in Zulu terms.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, the more strongly held Zulu belief was in ancestor spirits (<i>amaThongo</i> or <i>amaDlozi</i>), who had the power to intervene in people's lives, for good or ill.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This belief continues to be widespread among the modern Zulu population.<sup id="cite_ref-ashforth_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashforth-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, the Zulu recognize several elements to be present in a human being: the physical body (<i>inyama yomzimba</i> or <i>umzimba</i>); the breath or life force (<i>umoya womphefumulo</i> or <i>umoya</i>); and the "shadow" prestige or personality (<i>isithunzi</i>). Once the <i>umoya</i> leaves the body, the <i>isithunzi</i> may live on as an ancestral spirit (<i>idlozi</i>) only if certain conditions were met in life.<sup id="cite_ref-asante_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asante-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-berglund_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berglund-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Behaving with <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (philosophy)">ubuntu</a>, or showing respect and generosity towards others, enhances one's moral standing or prestige in the community, one's <i>isithunzi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-mzondi_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mzondi-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, acting in a negative way towards others can reduce the <i>isithunzi</i>, and the <i>isithunzi</i> can fade away completely.<sup id="cite_ref-tshawane_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tshawane-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sangomas-greeting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sangomas-greeting.jpg/250px-Sangomas-greeting.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sangomas-greeting.jpg/330px-Sangomas-greeting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sangomas-greeting.jpg/500px-Sangomas-greeting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Zulu <a href="/wiki/Sangomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangomas">sangomas</a> (diviners)</figcaption></figure> <p>To appeal to the spirit world, a diviner (<i><a href="/wiki/Sangoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangoma">sangoma</a></i>) must <a href="/wiki/Invocation#A_form_of_possession" title="Invocation">invoke</a> the ancestors through divination processes to determine the problem. Then, a herbalist (<i><a href="/wiki/Inyanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Inyanga">inyanga</a></i>) prepares a mixture (<i><a href="/wiki/Muthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muthi">muthi</a></i>) to be consumed to influence the ancestors. As such, diviners and herbalists play an important part in the daily lives of the Zulu people. However, a distinction is made between white <i>muthi</i> (<i>umuthi omhlope</i>), which has positive effects, such as healing or the prevention or reversal of misfortune, and black <i>muthi</i> (<i>umuthi omnyama</i>), which can bring illness or death to others, or ill-gotten wealth to the user.<sup id="cite_ref-ashforth_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashforth-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users of black <i>muthi</i> are considered witches, and shunned by society. </p><p>Christianity had difficulty gaining a foothold among the Zulu people, and when it did it was in a <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretic</a> fashion. <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Shembe" title="Isaiah Shembe">Isaiah Shembe</a>, considered the Zulu <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>, presented a form of Christianity (the <a href="/wiki/Nazareth_Baptist_Church" title="Nazareth Baptist Church">Nazareth Baptist Church</a>) which incorporated traditional customs.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, the Zulu people also practice a ceremony called <a href="/wiki/Umkhosi_Wokweshwama" title="Umkhosi Wokweshwama">Ukweshwama</a>. The killing of the bull is part of Ukweshwama, an annual ceremony that celebrates a new harvest. It is a day of prayer when Zulus thank their creator and their ancestors. By tradition, a new regiment of young warriors is asked to confront a bull to prove its courage, inheriting the beast's strength as it expires. It is believed this power was then transferred to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_king&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zulu king (page does not exist)">Zulu king</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bearak-2009_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bearak-2009-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bride_wealth">Bride wealth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bride wealth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lobolo" title="Lobolo">Lobolo</a></div><p> Zulu people have a system called <i><span title="Zulu-language text"><i lang="zu">ilobolo</i></span></i>. This term is particularly used by Zulu people when it comes to bride wealth. Every African ethnic group has different requirements when it comes to <a href="/wiki/Bride_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bride wealth">bride wealth</a>. In pre-capitalist Zulu society, ilobolo was inextricably linked to the ownership of cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-Rudwick-2014_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rudwick-2014-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that time, there was not a fixed number of cattle required for the wedding to happen; it could be paid before the marriage or during the marriage. The groom takes the cattle from his father's herd to perpetuate the family heritage. Nonetheless, this ritual changed during colonisation because in 1869, <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Shepstone" title="Theophilus Shepstone">Theophilus Shepstone</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal Secretary for Native Affairs</a>, formalized the ilobolo payment to 10 cattle for commoners (plus the ingquthu cow for the mother), 15 for hereditary chief siblings and 20-plus for the daughters of a chief.<sup id="cite_ref-Rudwick-2014_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rudwick-2014-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They found it too lenient to let the groom give whatever amount he wanted, so they decided to establish a specific number of cattle that would be needed before or at the start of the marriage. This has been accepted by Zulu men who were educated in mission schools, but according to more ritual people this became “untraditional”. Additionally, with the instauration of the Natal Code, some Zulu men decided to settle another way in which they could decrease the ilobo: offer a token payment or bring a present for the father of the prospective bride to decrease the <i>ilobolo</i> amount to be paid.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The payment of <i>ilobolo</i> can be difficult for some families, but as it is often considered a symbol of pride and respect, many are willing to maintain this tradition as long as possible.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zulu_Dance-S._Africa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Zulu_Dance-S._Africa.jpg/250px-Zulu_Dance-S._Africa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Zulu_Dance-S._Africa.jpg/330px-Zulu_Dance-S._Africa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Zulu_Dance-S._Africa.jpg/500px-Zulu_Dance-S._Africa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="1812" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Zulu dance by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy" title="Paul Almásy">Paul Almásy</a> in 1958</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Zulus">Notable Zulus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable Zulus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Zulu_people" title="List of Zulu people">List of Zulu people</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Films</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zulu_(1964_film)" title="Zulu (1964 film)">Zulu</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Cy_Endfield" title="Cy Endfield">Cy Endfield</a> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Dawn" title="Zulu Dawn">Zulu Dawn</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hickox" title="Douglas Hickox">Douglas Hickox</a> (1979)</li> <li><i>Ubuhle Bembali</i>, Emmanuelle Bidou, Centre national de la cinématographie, Paris, 2002</li> <li><i>Amours zoulous</i>, Emmanuelle Bidou, 2004</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaka_Zulu_(TV_series)" title="Shaka Zulu (TV series)">Shaka Zulu</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Sinclair" title="Joshua Sinclair">Joshua Sinclair</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation">SABC</a>, 1986</li> <li><i>A Zulu Christmas</i>, 2020</li></ul> <dl><dt>Novels</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/When_the_Lion_Feeds" title="When the Lion Feeds">When the Lion Feeds</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Smith" title="Wilbur Smith">Wilbur Smith</a>, 1964</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Covenant_(novel)" title="The Covenant (novel)">The Covenant</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/James_A._Michener" title="James A. Michener">James A. Michener</a>, 1980</li> <li><i>Zulu</i>, Caryl Férey, <a href="/wiki/Gallimard" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallimard">Gallimard</a>, 2008</li></ul> <dl><dt>Video games</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Civilization_(series)" title="Civilization (series)">Sid Meier's Civilization</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>TV Shows</b> </p><p>• <a href="/wiki/Shaka_Ilembe" title="Shaka Ilembe">Shaka iLembe</a>, 2023 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/120px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Africa" title="Portal:South Africa">South Africa portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Zulu_Nation" title="King of the Zulu Nation">King of the Zulu Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blood_River" title="Battle of Blood River">Battle of Blood River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumboot_dance" title="Gumboot dance">Gumboot dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkatha_Freedom_Party" title="Inkatha Freedom Party">Inkatha Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zulu_kings" title="List of Zulu kings">List of Zulu kings</a></li> <li><a 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Springvale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+I%3AuNkulunkulu&rft.btitle=The+Religious+System+of+the+Amazulu&rft.pub=Springvale&rft.date=1870&rft.au=Henry+Callaway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fafr%2Frsa%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZulu+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ashforth-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ashforth_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ashforth_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Ashforth2005" class="citation journal cs1">Adam Ashforth (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130604205912/http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/cas/default.php?pageName=social.php">"Muthi, Medicine and Witchcraft: Regulating 'African Science' in Post-Apartheid South Africa?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Social_Dynamics:_A_Journal_of_African_Studies" title="Social Dynamics: A Journal of African Studies">Social Dynamics: A Journal of African Studies</a></i>. <b>31</b> (2). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/cas/default.php?pageName=social.php">the original</a> on 4 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Dynamics%3A+A+Journal+of+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Muthi%2C+Medicine+and+Witchcraft%3A+Regulating+%27African+Science%27+in+Post-Apartheid+South+Africa%3F&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Adam+Ashforth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.uct.ac.za%2Fdepts%2Fcas%2Fdefault.php%3FpageName%3Dsocial.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZulu+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asante-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asante_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMolefi_K._Asante,_Ama_Mazama2009" class="citation book cs1">Molefi K. Asante, Ama Mazama (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B667ATiedQkC&q=zulu+ancestor+isithunzi&pg=PT209"><i>Encyclopedia of African religion, Volume 1</i></a>. Sage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412936361" title="Special:BookSources/9781412936361"><bdi>9781412936361</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+religion%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Sage&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781412936361&rft.au=Molefi+K.+Asante%2C+Ama+Mazama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB667ATiedQkC%26q%3Dzulu%2Bancestor%2Bisithunzi%26pg%3DPT209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZulu+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berglund-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-berglund_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAxel-Ivar_Berglund1976" class="citation book cs1">Axel-Ivar Berglund (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zuluthoughtpatte0000berg"><i>Zulu thought-patterns and symbolism</i></a></span>. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zuluthoughtpatte0000berg/page/85">85</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780903983488" title="Special:BookSources/9780903983488"><bdi>9780903983488</bdi></a>. <q>isithunzi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zulu+thought-patterns+and+symbolism&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780903983488&rft.au=Axel-Ivar+Berglund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzuluthoughtpatte0000berg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZulu+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mzondi-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mzondi_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbraham_Modisa_Mkhondo_Mzondi2009" class="citation thesis cs1">Abraham Modisa Mkhondo Mzondi (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za:8080/dspace/bitstream/10210/3240/1/Mzondi.pdf"><i>Two Souls Leadership: Dynamic Interplay of Ubuntu, Western and New Testament Leadership Values</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Thesis). submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctorate in Theology, University of Johannesburg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Two+Souls+Leadership%3A+Dynamic+Interplay+of+Ubuntu%2C+Western+and+New+Testament+Leadership+Values&rft.inst=submitted+in+fulfillment+of+the+requirements+of+the+degree+of+Doctorate+in+Theology%2C+University+of+Johannesburg&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Abraham+Modisa+Mkhondo+Mzondi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fujdigispace.uj.ac.za%3A8080%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F10210%2F3240%2F1%2FMzondi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZulu+people" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tshawane-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tshawane_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNwamilorho_Joseph_Tshawane2009" class="citation thesis cs1">Nwamilorho Joseph Tshawane (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/3761/thesis_tshawane_n.pdf?sequence=1"><i>The Rainbow Nation: A Critical Analysis of the Notions of Community in the Thinking of Desmond Tutu</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Thesis). submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctorate in Theology, University of South Africa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Rainbow+Nation%3A+A+Critical+Analysis+of+the+Notions+of+Community+in+the+Thinking+of+Desmond+Tutu&rft.inst=submitted+in+fulfillment+of+the+requirements+of+the+degree+of+Doctorate+in+Theology%2C+University+of+South+Africa&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Nwamilorho+Joseph+Tshawane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuir.unisa.ac.za%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10500%2F3761%2Fthesis_tshawane_n.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZulu+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070531061804/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Zulu.html">"Art & Life in Africa Online - Zulu"</a>. University of Iowa. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Zulu.html">the original</a> on 31 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Art+%26+Life+in+Africa+Online+-+Zulu&rft.pub=University+of+Iowa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uiowa.edu%2F~africart%2Ftoc%2Fpeople%2FZulu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZulu+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bearak-2009-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bearak-2009_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBearak2009" class="citation news cs1">Bearak, Barry (8 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/09/world/africa/09safrica.html">"Spilling the Blood of Bulls to Preserve Zulu Tradition"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Spilling+the+Blood+of+Bulls+to+Preserve+Zulu+Tradition&rft.date=2009-12-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Bearak&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F12%2F09%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F09safrica.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZulu+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rudwick-2014-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rudwick-2014_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rudwick-2014_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRudwickPosel2014" class="citation journal cs1">Rudwick, Stephanie; Posel, Dorrit (2 January 2014). "Contemporary functions of ilobolo (bridewealth) in urban South African Zulu society". <i>Journal of Contemporary African Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">118–</span>136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02589001.2014.900310">10.1080/02589001.2014.900310</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0258-9001">0258-9001</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145116947">145116947</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Contemporary+functions+of+ilobolo+%28bridewealth%29+in+urban+South+African+Zulu+society&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E118-%3C%2Fspan%3E136&rft.date=2014-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145116947%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0258-9001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02589001.2014.900310&rft.aulast=Rudwick&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.au=Posel%2C+Dorrit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZulu+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPoselRudwick2014" class="citation journal cs1">Posel, Dorrit; Rudwick, Stephanie (18 August 2014). "Marriage and Bridewealth (Ilobolo) in Contemporary Zulu Society". <i>African Studies Review</i>. <b>57</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">51–</span>72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fasr.2014.47">10.1017/asr.2014.47</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-0206">0002-0206</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146749403">146749403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Marriage+and+Bridewealth+%28Ilobolo%29+in+Contemporary+Zulu+Society&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&rft.date=2014-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146749403%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0002-0206&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fasr.2014.47&rft.aulast=Posel&rft.aufirst=Dorrit&rft.au=Rudwick%2C+Stephanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZulu+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nathaniel Isaacs, <i>Travels and adventures in eastern Africa, descriptive of the Zoolus, their manners, customs, etc. etc. : with a sketch of Natal</i>, Edward Churton, Londres, 1836, 2 vol.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Adulphe Delegorgue, <i>Voyage dans l'Afrique Australe : notamment dans le territoire de Natal dans celui des Cafres Amazoulous et Makatisses et jusqu'au tropique du Capricorne, exécuté durant les années 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843 & 1844</i>, A. René, 1847, 2 vol.</li> <li>Henry Callaway (R. P.), <i>The religious system of the Amazulu : izinyanga zokubula, or, divination, as existing among the Amazulu, in their own words</i>, J.A. Blair, Springvale (Natal), 1870, 448 p. (rééd. ultérieures)</li> <li>Canonici, Noverino Noemio. <i>Tricksters and trickery in Zulu folktales.</i> Kwazulu-Natal University: PhD diss., 1995.</li> <li>Canonici, Noverino. "The trickster in Zulu folktales." <i>Alternation</i> 1, no. 1 (1994): 43–56.</li> <li>David Leslie, <i>Among the Zulus and Amatongas : with sketches of the natives, their language and customs; and the country, products, climate, wild animals, &c. being principally contributions to magazines and newspapers</i>, Wm. Gilchrist, Glasgow, 1875, 436 p.</li> <li>James Anson Farrer, <i>Zululand and the Zulus : their history, beliefs, customs, military system, home life, legends, etc., etc., and missions to them</i>, Kerby & Endean, Londres, 1879, 151 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Paul Deléage, <i>Trois mois chez les Zoulous et les derniers jours du Prince impérial</i>, E. Dentu, 1879, 370 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Bénédict Henry Révoil, <i>Les zoulous et les cafres : mœurs, coutumes, guerre avec les Anglais, etc.</i>, Librairie de J. Lefort, Lille, 1880, 196 p.</li> <li>Walter Robert Ludlow, <i>Zululand and Cetewayo : containing an account of Zulu customs, manners, and habits, after a short residence in their kraals, with portrait of Cetewayo, and 28 illustrations from original drawings</i>, Simpkin, Marshall, and Co, Londres, 1882, 219 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Émile de La Bédollière, <i>Au pays des Zoulous et des cafres</i>, Barbou, Limoges, 1882, 88 p.</li> <li>Josiah Tyler (Rev.), <i>Forty years among the Zulus</i>, Congregational Sunday-school and publishing society, Boston, Chicago, 1891, 300 p.</li> <li>Donald R. Morris, <i>The washing of the spears : a history of the rise of the Zulu nation under Shaka and its fall in the Zulu War of 1879</i>, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1971, 1965, 655 p.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vusamazulu_Credo_Mutwa" title="Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa">Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa</a>, <i>Zulu shaman : dreams, prophecies, and mysteries</i>, Destiny Books, Rochester (Vt), 2003 (éd. 1996 : <i>Song of the Stars</i>), 224 p.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89281-129-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89281-129-8">978-0-89281-129-8</a></li> <li>Jonathan Sutherland et Diane Canwell, <i>The Zulu kings and their armies</i>, Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley (South Yorkshire, England), 2004, 198 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-060-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-060-1">978-1-84415-060-1</a></li> <li>Alex Zaloumis, <i>Zulu tribal art</i>, AmaZulu Publishers, Le Cap, 2000, 301 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Véronique Faure, <i>Ethnicité et stratégies nationalistes : les Zoulous et l'Inkatha</i>, Université de Bordeaux 4, 1996, 2 vol., 712 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Philippe Gervais-Lambony, <i>L'Afrique du Sud et les États voisins</i>, Paris, Masson & Armand Colin Éditeurs, 1997, 253 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> François Lafargue, <i>Les Zoulous en Afrique du Sud : Éveil d'un pays, réveil d'une ethnie</i>, Centre de recherches et d'analyses géopolitiques, 1996, 708 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a href="/wiki/Tidiane_N%27Diaye" title="Tidiane N'Diaye">Tidiane N'Diaye</a>, <i>L'Empire de Chaka Zoulou</i>, L'Harmattan, Paris (Collection Études africaines) 2002, 250 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Tidiane N'Diaye, <i>L'Éclipse des Dieux</i>, Éditions du Rocher, Paris 2004, 317 p.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Sylvain Guyot, <i>Rivages zoulous : l'environnement au service du politique en Afrique du Sud</i>, Karthala, 2006, 250 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84586-767-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84586-767-3">978-2-84586-767-3</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> John Mack, <i>Les Zoulous</i>, Granger frères, 1981, 48 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88551-503-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88551-503-5">978-0-88551-503-5</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Jean Sévry, <i>Chaka, empereur des Zoulous : histoire, mythes et légendes</i>, L'Harmattan, 1991, 251 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7384-0836-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7384-0836-5">978-2-7384-0836-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Knight_(historian)" title="Ian Knight (historian)">Ian Knight</a>, <i>Zulu Rising: The Epic Story of Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift</i>, Macmillan Edition, 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405091855" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405091855">978-1405091855</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Novels">Novels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Walton Golightly, <i>The People of the Sky</i>, Quercus, 2013</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Philippe Morvan, <i>Les fils du ciel</i> (<i>The sons of the sky</i>), <a href="/wiki/Calmann-L%C3%A9vy" title="Calmann-Lévy">Calmann-Lévy</a>, 2021</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulu_people&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zulu" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zulu">Zulu</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070126230248/http://zululand.kzn.org.za/zululand/about/">History section of the official page for the Zululand region</a>, Zululand.kzn.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wakahina.co.za/listings/i/surname/izithakazelo">Izithakazelo</a>, wakahina.co.za</li></ul> <div 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href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa" title="Template:Ethnic groups in South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa166" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_South_Africa" title="Ethnic groups in South Africa">Ethnic groups in South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples_of_South_Africa" title="Bantu peoples of South Africa">Bantu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nguni_people" title="Nguni people">Nguni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhaca_people" title="Bhaca people">Bhaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpondomise_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpondomise people">Mpondomise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengu_people" title="Fengu people">Fengu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlubi_people" title="Hlubi people">Hlubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ndebele_people" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ndebele people">Ndebele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pondo people">Pondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thembu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Thembu people">Thembu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_people" title="Xhosa people">Xhosa</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gcaleka" class="mw-redirect" title="Gcaleka">Gcaleka</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gqunukhwebe" title="Gqunukhwebe">Gqunukhwebe</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gaika_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaika people">Gaika</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Xesibe" class="mw-redirect" title="Xesibe">Xesibe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zulu</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fingo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Fingo people">Fingo</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Khumalo_clan" title="Khumalo clan">Khumalo</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sotho-Tswana_peoples" title="Sotho-Tswana peoples">Sotho-Tswana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_people" title="Sotho people">Basotho/S. Sotho</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Koena_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Koena tribe">Bakoena</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taung_tribe" title="Taung tribe">Bataung</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tlokwa_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlokwa tribe">Batlokwa</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedi_people" title="Pedi people">Pedi/N. Sotho</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lobedu_people" title="Lobedu people">Balobedu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mabelane_tribe" title="Mabelane tribe">Mabelane</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">Tswana</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Balete_people" title="Balete people">Balete</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_people" title="Tsonga people">Tsonga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hlengwe</li> <li>Xika</li> <li>N'walungu</li> <li>Gwamba</li> <li>Tswha</li> <li>Rhonga</li> <li>Hlanganu</li> <li>Nhlave</li> <li>Bila</li> <li>Dzonga</li> <li>Copi</li> <li>Ndzawu</li> <li>Thonga</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venda_people" title="Venda people">Venda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ngona</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khoisan" title="Khoisan">Khoisan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoekhoe" title="Khoekhoe">Khoekhoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nama_people" title="Nama people">Nama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandloper_peoples" title="Strandloper peoples">Strandloper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_people" title="San people">San</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C7%83Kung_people" title="ǃKung people">ǃKung</a></li> <li>ǀXam</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans" title="White South Africans">Whites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_diaspora_in_Africa#South_Africa" title="British diaspora in Africa">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Boers" title="Boers">Boers</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Dutch" title="Cape Dutch">Cape Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Huguenots_in_South_Africa" title="Huguenots in South Africa">Huguenots</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans#Migrations" title="White South Africans">Angolans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_South_Africa" title="Germans in South Africa">Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_South_Africa" title="Greeks in South Africa">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora#South_Africa" title="Irish diaspora">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_South_Africans" title="Italian South Africans">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Africa" title="History of the Jews in South Africa">Jews</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner-Jews" title="Afrikaner-Jews">Afrikaner-Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_South_Africa" title="Lebanese people in South Africa">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans#Migrations" title="White South Africans">Mozambicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_South_Africans" title="Norwegian South Africans">Norwegians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Poles in South Africa">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_South_African" title="Portuguese South African">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_South_Africa" title="Serbs in South Africa">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_South_Africa" title="Turks in South Africa">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans#Migrations" title="White South Africans">Zimbabweans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloureds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Coloureds" title="Cape Coloureds">Cape Coloureds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Malays" title="Cape Malays">Cape Malays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griquas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oorlam_people" title="Oorlam people">Oorlams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_South_Africans" title="Indian South Africans">Indians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_South_Africans" title="Tamil South Africans">Tamils</a></li> <li>Telegu/Andhras</li> <li>Hindi</li> <li>Urdu</li> <li>Gujaratis <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Memons_in_South_Africa" title="Memons in South Africa">Memons</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Surtis</span></li></ul></li> <li>Koknis</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabweans_in_South_Africa" title="Zimbabweans in South Africa">Zimbabweans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_South_Africans" title="Chinese South Africans">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_South_Africa" title="Somalis in South Africa">Somalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_South_Africa" title="Nigerians in South Africa">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_South_Africa" title="Japanese people in South Africa">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_South_Africa" title="Koreans in South Africa">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_South_Africa" title="Pakistanis in South Africa">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1253" style="padding:3px"><table 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