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clear:right; border: 2px solid silver; margin: 0 0 .5em .5em; width: 200px;"> <div style="background-color: #e7ece6; font-size: 15px; text-align: center; padding: .3em;"><b>Malaysia</b> <b></b></div> <center><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Malaysia.svg" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/195px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="195" height="98" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/293px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/390px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></center> <table style="width: 200px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #e8e7f2;"><b>Demographics</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="extiw" title="wp:List of countries by population" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: List of countries by population">Population</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>32,685,210 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" class="extiw" title="wp:List of countries by GDP (nominal)" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: List of countries by GDP (nominal)">GDP (million)</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>365,303 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" class="extiw" title="wp:List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">GDP p/cap.</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>10,942 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" class="extiw" title="wp:List of countries by life expectancy" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: List of countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>72.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" class="extiw" title="wp:List of countries by Human Development Index" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: List of countries by Human Development Index">Development Index</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>0.802 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width: 200px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #e8e7f2;"><b>Government</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Index" class="extiw" title="wp:Democracy Index" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Democracy Index">Democracy Index</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>6.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" class="extiw" title="wp:Corruption Perceptions Index" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Index</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>4.7 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width: 200px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #e8e7f2;"><b>More</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_Index" class="extiw" title="wp:Education Index" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Education Index">Education Index</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>0.700 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" class="extiw" title="wp:Importance of religion by country" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Importance of religion by country">Religiosity</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>96 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>I lived in Malaysia for three years in the kind of uncertainty <a href="/wiki/Westerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Westerner">westerners</a> face only in times of <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a>. The five daily calls to prayer are the only predictable events in the capital city, Kuala Lumpur. The power cuts are frequent, the traffic jams continuous. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official religion</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">materialism</a> is the ruling creed. … Islam is practised with ritual precision and with perfect reverence for its Arabian dimension. All Malays, including the royal family, look up to Arabs, the white men of the East.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbir_Akhtar" class="extiw" title="wp:Shabbir Akhtar" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Shabbir Akhtar">Shabbir Akhtar</span></a>,<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> British Muslim philosopher<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Malaysia</b> (also known as <b>Bolehland</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> meaning roughly 'can-do land', also <i>Malaysia boleh!</i>), officially known as the <b>Federation of Malaysia</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> is the name of that country that makes up the lands between <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, with a chunk of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo" class="extiw" title="wp:Borneo" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Borneo">Borneo</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> thrown in too. Malaysia has a peculiar political atmosphere that is perplexing even to locals. There are many ethnic groups, both indigenous and immigrant (or descended from immigrants). </p><p>Generally overshadowed by its neighbors (not <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> though), it is best known internationally for its flag carrier <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines" class="extiw" title="wp:Malaysia Airlines" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Malaysia Airlines">Malaysia Airlines</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> suffering double air crashes (<a href="/wiki/MH370" class="mw-redirect" title="MH370">MH370</a> and <a href="/wiki/MH17" class="mw-redirect" title="MH17">MH17</a>) in 2014 or the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" class="extiw" title="wp:1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">1MDB scandal</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> involving its former prime minister <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Razak" class="extiw" title="wp:Najib Razak" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Najib Razak">Najib Razak</span></a>.<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Religion.2C_ethnicity.2C_and_law"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Religion, ethnicity, and law</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Bumiputra_.28de_facto_Apartheid.29"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bumiputra (<i>de facto</i> Apartheid)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#LGBT_rights"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">LGBT rights</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Secular_organizations_in_Malaysia"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Secular organizations in Malaysia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Incidents"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Incidents</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Bomoh_woo"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Bomoh</i> woo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Food_and_culture"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Food and culture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Prostitution_in_Malaysia"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Prostitution in Malaysia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span id="Religion,_ethnicity,_and_law"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Religion.2C_ethnicity.2C_and_law">Religion, ethnicity, and law</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Religion, ethnicity, and law">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:National_mosque,_Malaysia.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/National_mosque%2C_Malaysia.JPG/250px-National_mosque%2C_Malaysia.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/National_mosque%2C_Malaysia.JPG/375px-National_mosque%2C_Malaysia.JPG 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/National_mosque%2C_Malaysia.JPG/500px-National_mosque%2C_Malaysia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:National_mosque,_Malaysia.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The National Mosque of Malaysia, in Kuala Lumpur.</div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> make up about 60% of the population, including — by <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitutional</a> definition — the entire Malay ethnic group (about 50%). The next largest ethnic group is the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> (about 25%), who, like Chinese people elsewhere, observe a combination of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and other traditions. The Indian minority (about 7% of the population) includes <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a> and Muslims. Some 9% of the population is Christian. Malaysia is also the only country where candidates must state their ethnicity and religious views before sitting for a public examination.<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Help:References" title="Help:References"><i>citation needed</i></a>]</sup> </p><p>Malaysia's laws are a strange mixture of <a href="/wiki/Secular" title="Secular">secular</a> and religious, with different standards applied to various groups. The constitution requires that <i>every</i> ethnic Malay be a Muslim — but the other groups can believe what they like. Muslims are legally subject to <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> law, meaning that activities such as <a href="/wiki/Premarital_sex" title="Premarital sex">premarital sex</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[notes 1]</a></sup> and imbibing <a href="/wiki/Alcohol" title="Alcohol">alcohol</a> — which are perfectly normal among the Chinese community, some of the Indian community, and tourists — are legally punishable for ethnic Malays and other Muslims. Those wishing to abandon Islam or convert to another faith may still be referred to a sharia court for punishment since the secular and sharia court might not recognize the conversion. They could be held liable for the crime of <a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">apostasy</a>. Insulting Islam can lead to a prison sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></sup> </p><p>The secular and sharia courts practice <a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">corporal punishment</a> (by caning) for some offenses. <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">Capital punishment</a> (by hanging) is the usual sentence for serious <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crimes</a> and is mandatory for convicted <a href="/wiki/Murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder">murderers</a>. </p><p>In 2014, Malaysia <a href="/wiki/Allah#Malaysia_ban" title="Allah">banned the use of word "Allah" for non-Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="Bumiputra_(de_facto_Apartheid)"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Bumiputra_.28de_facto_Apartheid.29">Bumiputra (<i>de facto</i> Apartheid)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bumiputra (de facto Apartheid)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">For more information, see: <a href="/wiki/Apartheid_in_Malaysia" title="Apartheid in Malaysia">Apartheid in Malaysia</a></div> <p>Though the word <i>Bumiputra</i> (or <i>Bumiputera</i>, literally "son of the land") does not appear in the constitution, the word in Malaysian politics refers specifically to Article 153 of the Federal Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></sup> It effectively refers to ethnic Malays and indigenous people of Sarawak and Sabah — in contrast to ethnic Chinese, ethnic Indians, and Orang Asli. The Orang Asli are the indigenous people of the Malay Peninsula and are among the poorest and most vulnerable people in Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a></sup> </p><p>In contrast, ethnic Malays, who represent half the population, and most of the political power, have a constitutionally-defined program working in their favor. Some government departments have included Orang Asli as a protected class,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></sup> but this is not constitutionally enshrined. Privileges for the Bumiputra include a minimum of 30% Bumiputra ownership of stocks listed on the stock exchange, housing preferences, <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> contract preferences, <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> preferences, and automobile import preferences; in effect, institutionalized <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>. Some, if not all, of these preferences have led to corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: LGBT rights">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a> are unrecognized in Malaysia. The government retains the <a href="/wiki/Colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial">colonial</a>-era penal code criminalizing <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a>, and attitudes towards the LGBT community are shaped by Islamic <a href="/wiki/Mores" class="mw-redirect" title="Mores">mores</a>. </p><p>In 1994, the government banned anyone <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Transsexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Transsexual">transsexual</a> from appearing in the state-controlled media. In 2001, former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> stated that the country would deport any visiting foreign cabinet ministers or diplomats who are gay. Many similar examples could be cited, <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">but you get the picture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a></sup> </p><p>Najib made clear in August 2015 that he believed Malaysia should not support LGBT rights. Najib stated that his administration would do its best to uphold <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> but only within the confines of Islam and that Malaysia could not defend the more "extreme aspect of human rights", such as gay, bisexual, and transsexual rights. This prompted <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> to suggest that Malaysia withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> if the government was not serious about upholding human rights for all.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">Politics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Since 2008, Malaysia has been regarded as a flawed <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index" title="Democracy Index">Democracy Index</a>. Even the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">king</a> (<i>Yang di-Pertuan Agong</i>) is elected (not by popular vote, but on a rotating basis determined by his fellow sultans and rajas).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[notes 2]</a></sup> </p><p>Until 2018, the prime minister has always been a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="extiw" title="wp:United Malays National Organisation" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</span></a>,<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> the party in power from independence in 1957 until 2018. Members of the opposition, including one who has held office as lofty as Deputy Prime Minister, can expect imprisonment and <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">beatings by the police</a> as a reward for their efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[notes 3]</a></sup> Anwar has now been elected as Prime Minister in 2022 after a shake up of the political power of multiple Malaysian parties/a political crisis since an investigation into the former Prime Minister Najib's embezzlement and Mahathir's re-election and resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Secular_organizations_in_Malaysia">Secular organizations in Malaysia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Secular organizations in Malaysia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Due to the sparse population of <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostics</a> in Malaysia, there is currently no official secular organization in Malaysia. There are two Facebook pages for secular Malaysians: Malaysian Atheists & Secular Humanists (MASH)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a></sup> and Malaysian Humanist and Rationalist Movement (MyHARAM).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Incidents">Incidents</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Incidents">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>On 13 May 1969, an opposition party won the election for the control of the state of Selangor. During the party's victory celebration, their supporters clashed with the ruling party's supporters, who also insisted on doing their own celebration. Many Malaysians (mostly ethnic Chinese) died during the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, the first rally for free and fair elections (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bersih" class="extiw" title="wp:Bersih" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Bersih">Bersih</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>) was held in Kuala Lumpur, with 30,000 attendees. The event was broken up violently by the police.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a></sup> Subsequent Bersih rallies were organized in 2011, 2012, and 2015. The latter passed peacefully and drew a crowd estimated as high as 250,000, focusing on calling for Prime Minister Najib's resignation in light of recent corruption scandals.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, after <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> defeated hosts <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> 7-1 in the men's soccer World Cup, a Malaysian Member of Parliament, Bung Mokhtar Radin, tweeted, "WELL DONE..BRAVO...LONG LIVE <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">HITLER</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a></sup> He then doubled down by refusing to apologize for what might have been the oddest application yet of <a href="/wiki/Godwin%27s_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Godwin's Law">Godwin's Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a></sup> </p><p>On 8 March 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappeared off course. The crash site has yet to be found, though fragments of the plane have been found.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a></sup> On 17 July, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down by <a href="/wiki/Russian" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian">Russian</a> forces while flying over eastern <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Bomoh_woo"><i>Bomoh</i> woo</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bomoh woo">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>A <i>bomoh</i> is a Malay word for a <a href="/wiki/Shaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman">shaman</a>, and initially, they mainly were traditional <a href="/wiki/Herbal_supplement" title="Herbal supplement">herbalists</a>/healers with a bit of <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a> and geomancy thrown into the mix. Until the Islamic revival started in the 1970s, bomohs went quietly about their <a href="/wiki/Woo" title="Woo">woo</a>-tastic business, pretty much as they had done for centuries. The serious young Islamic Malay men then began to view bomohs as deviant from the Muslim faith, and today many are viewed with suspicion (a classic case of being right for all the wrong reasons). </p><p>A notable charlatan is Raja Bomoh (<i>king of the bomohs</i>), who shot to worldwide attention in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 370">Malaysia Airlines Flight 370</a> disaster. He attempted to locate the missing plane with bamboo binoculars looking inside a traditional fish trap, to great media fanfare. Days later, this was followed by the televisual ritual of banging two coconuts together. The result? (Aside from <i>Da Fuck?</i>) He proclaimed that the plane was suspended in the air somewhere between three "locations" — the Philippines, the South China Sea, and somewhere else. And we can't find it because it was hidden by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_bunian" class="extiw" title="wp:Orang bunian" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Orang bunian">Bunian people</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> — a supernatural race. That cleared it all up.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Food_and_culture">Food and culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Food and culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Food is diverse in Malaysia. Local Favourites include assam laksa, nasi goreng, sambal ikan, roti canai, and bak kut teh. Seafood cuisine is popular in Malaysia as well. Food hygiene is a major concern in Malaysia as many local food operators are not subject to as much scrutiny as their counterparts in Singapore. </p><p>Malaysia has a diverse culture of Chinese, Indians, and Malays. The Chinese celebrate their holidays together with Indians and Malays, and most of the populace is cohesive and united. Certain factions of <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultranationalism">ultranationalist</a> Malay groups believe that Malaysia should only have Malays, but they are generally concentrated in suburbs rather than cities. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Prostitution_in_Malaysia">Prostitution in Malaysia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Prostitution in Malaysia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitution</a> is considered <i><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Haram</a></i> (forbidden) and therefore illegal in Malaysia. However, Malaysia's Chinese and Indian communities are exempted from such rules so long they do not provide their services to the Muslim communities or dress provocatively in public. Many spas located in hotels provide package services that include an hour of massage that ends with sex. Pubs in major cities like Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru, and Penang also have prostitutes. Some Malays work in this industry, but it is rare to find any, as the punishment is usually death by hanging. Most prostitutes are from China, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Help:References" title="Help:References"><i>citation needed</i></a>]</sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery">Gallery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <center><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"><div style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255px;"><div style="margin:52.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_(18794580599).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/225px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/338px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/450px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Skyline of Kuala Lumpur, but don't let its buildings fool you of its lackluster economy </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"><div style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255px;"><div style="margin:43px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasi_Lemak,_Mamak,_Sydney.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nasi_Lemak%2C_Mamak%2C_Sydney.jpg/250px-Nasi_Lemak%2C_Mamak%2C_Sydney.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nasi_Lemak%2C_Mamak%2C_Sydney.jpg/500px-Nasi_Lemak%2C_Mamak%2C_Sydney.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><i>Nasi lemak</i>, Malaysia's national dish. (Just don't tell Indonesia about it) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"><div style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255px;"><div style="margin:52.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:MountKinabalu_from_CheSuiKhorPagodaKK-01.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MountKinabalu_from_CheSuiKhorPagodaKK-01.jpg/250px-MountKinabalu_from_CheSuiKhorPagodaKK-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MountKinabalu_from_CheSuiKhorPagodaKK-01.jpg/500px-MountKinabalu_from_CheSuiKhorPagodaKK-01.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Mount Kinbalu, Malaysia's highest point. </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"><div style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255px;"><div style="margin:52.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabah_Malaysia_Welcoming-Contingent_Hari-Merdeka-2013-16.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sabah_Malaysia_Welcoming-Contingent_Hari-Merdeka-2013-16.jpg/225px-Sabah_Malaysia_Welcoming-Contingent_Hari-Merdeka-2013-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sabah_Malaysia_Welcoming-Contingent_Hari-Merdeka-2013-16.jpg/338px-Sabah_Malaysia_Welcoming-Contingent_Hari-Merdeka-2013-16.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sabah_Malaysia_Welcoming-Contingent_Hari-Merdeka-2013-16.jpg/450px-Sabah_Malaysia_Welcoming-Contingent_Hari-Merdeka-2013-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Sabah people in traditional dress. </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"><div style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255px;"><div style="margin:52.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Murugar_statue_in_batu_cave_temple.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lord_Murugar_statue_in_batu_cave_temple.jpg/250px-Lord_Murugar_statue_in_batu_cave_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lord_Murugar_statue_in_batu_cave_temple.jpg/500px-Lord_Murugar_statue_in_batu_cave_temple.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> statue near the Batu caves. </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"><div style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255px;"><div style="margin:57px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:AntiRohingyaMosque.jpeg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/7/7d/AntiRohingyaMosque.jpeg/225px-AntiRohingyaMosque.jpeg" decoding="async" width="225" height="141" srcset="/w/images/thumb/7/7d/AntiRohingyaMosque.jpeg/338px-AntiRohingyaMosque.jpeg 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/7/7d/AntiRohingyaMosque.jpeg/450px-AntiRohingyaMosque.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Anti-rohingya banner in front of a mosque. </p> </div> </div></li> </ul></center> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">or even 'close proximity' (<i>khalwat</i>) between the sexes</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Malaysian royalty enjoyed complete immunity from legal prosecution until the 1993 amendment of the constitution following some particularly egregious abuses by royalty.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Including an anti-<a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim_sodomy_trials" class="extiw" title="wp:Anwar Ibrahim sodomy trials" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Anwar Ibrahim sodomy trials">witch-hunt</span></a>.<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voiceofdharma.org/books/foe/ch28.htm">Perspective of an Ex-defender of the Faith</a> by Shabbir Akhtar (22 August 1997) <i>Voice of Dharma</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redbull.com/my-en/5-traits-of-bolehland-that-could-work-in-europe)">5 Traits Of 'Bolehland' That Could Work In Europe</a> by Red Bull (January 13, 2016) <i>Red Bull</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151105113420/http://www.thestar.com.my/Opinion/Online-Exclusive/A-Humble-Submission/Profile/Articles/2015/11/02/understanding-federation-malaysia/">Understanding the Federation of Malaysia</a>. <i>The Star</i>. 18 October 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/online-exclusive/a-humble-submission/2015/11/02/understanding-federation-malaysia">the original</a> on 5 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Malaysia_2007.pdf?lang=en">[1]</a> Malaysia's Constitution of 1957 with Amendments through 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patheos.com/blogs/friendlyatheist/2016/08/22/malaysian-singer-arrested-for-insulting-islam-in-video-intended-to-promote-religious-harmony/">Malaysian Singer Arrested for “Insulting Islam” in Video Intended to Promote Religious Harmony</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-24516181">Malaysia court rules non-Muslims cannot use 'Allah'</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 14 October 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agc.gov.my/images/Personalisation/Buss/pdf/Federal%20Consti%20(BI%20text).pdf">The full Malaysian Federal Constitution</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.my.undp.org/content/malaysia/en/home/operations/projects/poverty_reduction/75636_OrangAsli/">Study and Review of the Socio-Economic Status of Aboriginal Peoples (Orang Asli) in Peninsular Malaysia for the Formulation of a National Development Plan for the Orang Asli</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miricommunity.net/discussion/25195/being-mixed-is-no-privilege">Being ‘mixed’ is no privilege</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kamal-talksmalaysia.blogspot.sg/2010/03/orang-asli-not-bumiputera-say-experts.html">Orang Asli not Bumiputera, say experts</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/sideviews/article/the-nep-and-corruption-why-malaysia-is-lagging-behind-koon-yew-yin">The NEP and corruption: Why Malaysia is lagging behind</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609072027/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2012/04/13/old-poison-new-bottle/">Old poison, new bottle</a> by Charles Santiago (April 13, 2012) <i>Free Malaysia Today</i> (archived from June 9, 2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/quit-un-if-not-keen-to-defend-human-rights-for-all-watchdog-tells-putrajaya">Quit UN if not keen to defend human rights for all, watchdog tells Putrajaya</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2708880">/* Errors processing stylesheet [[:Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]] (rev 2708880): • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 44 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 50 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 55 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 64 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 96 character 9. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 100 character 9. • Invalid media query at line 138 character 8. */ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3200790/malaysia-election-2022-decision-anwar-or-muhyiddin-pm-nears-sultans-meet">"Malaysia election 2022: Anwar Ibrahim named PM, swearing in at 5pm"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. 24 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Malaysia+election+2022%3A+Anwar+Ibrahim+named+PM%2C+swearing+in+at+5pm&rft.date=2022-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fweek-asia%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3200790%2Fmalaysia-election-2022-decision-anwar-or-muhyiddin-pm-nears-sultans-meet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/MASHMalaysia/">Malaysian Atheists & Secular Humanists - MASH</a> <i>Facebook</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/myHARAM.org/myHARAM">- Malaysian Humanist and Rationalist Movement</a> <i>Facebook</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2F2008%2F5%2F11%2Flifefocus%2F21181089">May 13, 1969: Truth and reconciliation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7088877.stm">Malaysia police break up protest</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/street-rallies-in-malaysia-to-demand-najibs-resignation">A sea of yellow in Kuala Lumpur as protesters demand Najib's resignation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220905011235/https://twitter.com/MyKinabatangan/status/486623436052381697">WELL DONE..BRAVO...LONG LIVE HITLER...</a> by Bung Mokhtar Radin (9:30 PM · Jul 8, 2014) <i>Twitter</i> (archived from September 5, 2022).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/2968793/world-cup-germany-brazil-hitler-malaysia-bung-mokhtar-radin-soccer-football/">Stephanie Burnett, "A Malaysian Legislator Tweets Praise to Hitler After Germany's Soccer Triumph," 'Time', July 9<small>th</small>, 2014. Accessed June 16<small>th</small>, 2019.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Malaysia-Airlines-flight-370-disappearance">Malaysia Airlines flight 370 disappearance</a> entry on <i>Britannica Encyclopedia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/17/three-men-found-guilty-of-murdering-298-people-in-flight-mh17-bombing">Three men found guilty of murdering 298 people in shooting down of Flight MH17</a>" - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/03/10/missing-mh370-bomoh-vows-result-with-fish-trap-hook-bamboo-binocular/">Missing MH370: Bomoh vows result with fish trap hook, bamboo binocular</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/missing-mas-flight-shaman-arrives-help-find-missing-plane">Missing MAS flight: Shaman arrives to help find missing plane</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Nations_of_the_world-navigationbox" class="toccolours" style="clear:both; margin:0.5em 3.5%; text-align:center;"> <div style="margin:0.15em; padding:0.1em; background:#ccccff; font-weight:bold;"><span id="Nations_of_the_world-navigationbox"><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nations</a> of the world</span> </div> <div class="hlist" style="font-size: 90%; margin: 0.15em 1.425em;"><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa"><b>Africa</b></a>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> — <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> — <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> — <a href="/wiki/ESwatini" title="ESwatini">eSwatini</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> — <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> — <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> — <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> — <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> — <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> — <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> <p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia"><b>Asia</b></a>:</big></span> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> — <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> — <a href="/wiki/Burma" title="Burma">Burma</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> — <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> — <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> — <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> — <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> — <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> — <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> — <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> — <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> — <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> — <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> — <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> — <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> — <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> — <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> — <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> — <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> — <a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" title="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a> — <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> — <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> — <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> — <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><b>Europe</b></a>:</big></span> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> — <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a> — <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia">Czechia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> — <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> — <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> — <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> — <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> — <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> — <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> — <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> — <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> — <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> — <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> — <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> — <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> — <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> — <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> — <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> — <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> — <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>) — <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America"><b>North America</b></a>:</big></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> — <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> — <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> — <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> — <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> — <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> — <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> — <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> — <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>) <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania"><b>Oceania</b></a>:</big></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> — <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> — <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America"><b>South America</b></a>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> — <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui" title="Rapa Nui">Rapa Nui</a>) — <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> — <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands"><small>Malvinas</small></a>)— <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> — <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> — <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> — <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><b>Separatist or disputed</b>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> —<a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Micronation" title="Micronation">Micronation</a> — <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Sealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Sealand">Sealand</a> — <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> — <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> — <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> </p> <span style="float:left;"><big><b>Historical</b>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> — <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a> — <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> — <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> — <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Imperial_China" title="Imperial China">Imperial China</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawai%CA%BBi" title="Kingdom of Hawaiʻi">Kingdom of Hawaiʻi</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> — <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> — <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> — <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></div> </div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&oldid=2652408">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&oldid=2652408</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Asian_countries" title="Category:Asian countries">Asian countries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Southeast_Asia" title="Category:Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Atheophobia" 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