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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Details</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Details-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Details subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Part_1:_Baseline_TIFF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_1:_Baseline_TIFF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Part 1: Baseline TIFF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_1:_Baseline_TIFF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Multiple_subfiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiple_subfiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Multiple subfiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multiple_subfiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strips" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strips"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Strips</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strips-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Compression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Image types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byte_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byte_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Byte order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byte_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_TIFF_fields" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_TIFF_fields"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Other TIFF fields</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_TIFF_fields-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_2:_TIFF_Extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_2:_TIFF_Extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Part 2: TIFF Extensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_2:_TIFF_Extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compression_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compression_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Compression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compression_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_types_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_types_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Image types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_types_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_trees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_trees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Image trees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_trees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3.1</span> <span>Tiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Other extensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_tags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_tags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Private tags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_tags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TIFF_Compression_Tag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TIFF_Compression_Tag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>TIFF Compression Tag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TIFF_Compression_Tag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related formats</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_formats-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related formats subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BigTIFF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BigTIFF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>BigTIFF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BigTIFF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Exif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TIFF/IT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TIFF/IT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>TIFF/IT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TIFF/IT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-TIFF/IT_files" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TIFF/IT_files"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>TIFF/IT files</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TIFF/IT_files-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TIFF/IT_compression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TIFF/IT_compression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>TIFF/IT compression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TIFF/IT_compression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TIFF/IT_P1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TIFF/IT_P1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>TIFF/IT P1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TIFF/IT_P1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TIFF/IT_P2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TIFF/IT_P2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>TIFF/IT P2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TIFF/IT_P2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_tags_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_tags_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.5</span> <span>Private tags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_tags_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.6</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">TIFF</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81" title="تيف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_Berkas_Citra_Bertanda" title="Format Berkas Citra Bertanda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Format Berkas Citra Bertanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format" title="Tag Image File Format – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tag Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/.tif" title=".tif – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title=".tif" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_image_file_format" title="Tagged image file format – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tagged image file format" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF_(filformat)" title="TIFF (filformat) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="TIFF (filformat)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%8C" title="ทิฟฟ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทิฟฟ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" title="Tagged Image File Format – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tagged Image File Format" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="TIFF" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215106#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Series of image file formats</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"TIF" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/TIF_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="TIF (disambiguation)">TIF (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/TIFF_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="TIFF (disambiguation)">TIFF (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/TIFF" title="Special:EditPage/TIFF">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22TIFF%22">"TIFF"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22TIFF%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22TIFF%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22TIFF%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22TIFF%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22TIFF%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom: 0.15em;">TIFF</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:TIFF_wordmark_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/TIFF_wordmark_logo.svg/220px-TIFF_wordmark_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/TIFF_wordmark_logo.svg/330px-TIFF_wordmark_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/TIFF_wordmark_logo.svg/440px-TIFF_wordmark_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="153" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Wordmark of the <i>TIFF Revision 6.0</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.tiff</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.tif</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">image/tiff</code></li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">image/tiff-fx</code></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Resource_fork#Types" title="Resource fork">Type code</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">TIFF</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">public.tiff</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/File_format#Magic_number" title="File format">Magic number</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">49 49 2A 00 or 4D 4D 00 2A</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="/wiki/Aldus_Corporation" title="Aldus Corporation">Aldus Corporation</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">12 September 1986<span class="noprint">; 38 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1986-09-12</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">TIFF 6.0<br />3 June 1992<span class="noprint">; 32 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1992-06-03</span>)</span><br />TIFF Supplement 2 / 22 March 2002<span class="noprint">; 23 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2002-03-22</span>)</span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file formats">Image file format</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Extended from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">tiff</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Extended to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="/wiki/Exchangeable_image_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchangeable image file format">Exif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Design_rule_for_Camera_File_system" title="Design rule for Camera File system">DCF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format_/_Electronic_Photography" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format / Electronic Photography">TIFF/EP</a>, TIFF/IT, TIFF-FX, <a href="/wiki/GeoTIFF" title="GeoTIFF">GeoTIFF</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000022.shtml">www<wbr />.loc<wbr />.gov<wbr />/preservation<wbr />/digital<wbr />/formats<wbr />/fdd<wbr />/fdd000022<wbr />.shtml</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tag Image File Format</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Tagged Image File Format</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly known by the abbreviations <b>TIFF</b> or <b>TIF</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Image_file_format" title="Image file format">image file format</a> for storing <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster graphics</a> images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry,<sup id="cite_ref-sgi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and photographers. TIFF is widely supported by <a href="/wiki/Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">scanning</a>, <a href="/wiki/FAX" class="mw-redirect" title="FAX">faxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" title="Optical character recognition">optical character recognition</a>, image manipulation, <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a>, and page-layout applications.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The format was created by the <a href="/wiki/Aldus_Corporation" title="Aldus Corporation">Aldus Corporation</a> for use in desktop publishing. It published the latest version 6.0 in 1992, subsequently updated with an <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a> copyright after the latter acquired Aldus in 1994. Several Aldus or Adobe technical notes have been published with minor extensions to the format, and several specifications have been based on TIFF 6.0, including <a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format_/_Electronic_Photography" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format / Electronic Photography">TIFF/EP</a> (ISO 12234-2), TIFF/IT (ISO 12639),<sup id="cite_ref-TIFF/IT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIFF/IT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIFF/IT2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prepressure-tiffit_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prepressure-tiffit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TIFF-F (RFC 2306) and TIFF-FX (RFC 3949).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TIFF was created as an attempt to get desktop <a href="/wiki/Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">scanner</a> vendors of the mid-1980s to agree on a common scanned image file format, in place of a multitude of <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary format">proprietary formats</a>. In the beginning, TIFF was only a <a href="/wiki/Binary_image" title="Binary image">binary image</a> format (only two possible values for each pixel), because that was all that desktop scanners could handle. As scanners became more powerful, and as desktop computer disk space became more plentiful, TIFF grew to accommodate <a href="/wiki/Grayscale" title="Grayscale">grayscale</a> images, then color images. Today, TIFF, along with <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> and <a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a>, is a popular format for <a href="/wiki/Deep_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep color">deep-color</a> images. </p><p>The first version of the TIFF specification was published by the <a href="/wiki/Aldus_Corporation" title="Aldus Corporation">Aldus Corporation</a> in the autumn of 1986 after two major earlier draft releases. It can be labeled as Revision 3.0. It was published after a series of meetings with various scanner manufacturers and software developers. In April 1987 Revision 4.0 was released and it contained mostly minor enhancements. In October 1988 Revision 5.0 was released and it added support for palette color images and <a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW compression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tiff6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TIFF is a complex format, defining many tags of which typically only a few are used in each file. This led to implementations supporting many varying subsets of the format, a situation that gave rise to the joke that TIFF stands for <i>Thousands of Incompatible File Formats</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-trauth_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trauth-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This problem was addressed in revision 6.0<sup id="cite_ref-tiff6_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the TIFF specification (June 1992) by introducing a distinction between <i>Baseline TIFF</i> (which all implementations were required to support) and <i>TIFF Extensions</i> (which are optional). Additional extensions are defined in two supplements to the specification which were published in September 1995<sup id="cite_ref-supplement1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supplement1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and March 2002<sup id="cite_ref-supplement2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supplement2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A TIFF file contains one <i>or several</i> images, termed <i>subfiles</i> in the specification. The basic use case for having multiple subfiles is to encode a multipage <a href="/wiki/Telefax" class="mw-redirect" title="Telefax">telefax</a> in a single file, but it is also allowed to have different subfiles be different variants of the same image, for example scanned at different resolutions. Rather than being a continuous range of bytes in the file, each subfile is a data structure whose top-level entity is called an <i>image file directory</i> (IFD). Baseline TIFF readers are only required to make use of the first subfile, but each IFD has a field for linking to a next IFD. </p><p>The IFDs are where the <i>tags</i> for which TIFF is named are located. Each IFD contains one or several <i>entries</i>, each of which is identified by its tag. The tags are arbitrary 16-bit numbers; their symbolic names such as ImageWidth often used in discussions of TIFF data do not appear explicitly in the file itself. Each IFD entry has an associated <i>value</i>, which may be decoded based on general rules of the format, but it depends on the tag what that value then <i>means</i>. There may within a single IFD be no more than one entry with any particular tag. Some tags are for linking to the actual image data, other tags specify how the image data should be interpreted, and still other tags are used for image <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>. </p><p>TIFF images are made up of rectangular<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> grids of pixels. The two axes of this geometry are termed horizontal (or X, or width) and vertical (or Y, or length). Horizontal and vertical <a href="/wiki/Image_resolution" title="Image resolution">resolution</a> need not be equal (since in a telefax they typically would not be equal). A baseline TIFF image divides the vertical range of the image into one or several <i>strips</i>, which are encoded (in particular: compressed) separately. Historically this served to facilitate TIFF readers (such as fax machines) with limited capacity to store uncompressed data — one strip would be decoded and then immediately printed — but the present specification motivates it by "increased editing flexibility and efficient I/O buffering".<sup id="cite_ref-tiff6_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 19">: 19 </span></sup> A TIFF extension provides the alternative of <i>tiled</i> images, in which case both the horizontal and the vertical ranges of the image are decomposed into smaller units. </p><p>An example of these things, which also serves to give a flavor of how tags are used in the TIFF encoding of images, is that a striped TIFF image would use tags 273 (StripOffsets), 278 (RowsPerStrip), and 279 (StripByteCounts). The StripOffsets point to the blocks of image data, the StripByteCounts say how long each of these blocks are (as stored in the file), and RowsPerStrip says how many rows of pixels there are in a strip; the latter is required even in the case of having just one strip, in which case it merely duplicates the value of tag 257 (ImageLength). A tiled TIFF image instead uses tags 322 (TileWidth), 323 (TileLength), 324 (TileOffsets), and 325 (TileByteCounts). The pixels within each strip or tile appear in <a href="/wiki/Row-_and_column-major_order" title="Row- and column-major order">row-major</a> order, left to right and top to bottom. </p><p>The data for one pixel is made up of one or several <i>samples</i>; for example an <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a> image would have one Red sample, one Green sample, and one Blue sample per pixel, whereas a greyscale or palette color image only has one sample per pixel. TIFF allows for both <a href="/wiki/Additive_color" title="Additive color">additive</a> (e.g. RGB, <a href="/wiki/RGBA" class="mw-redirect" title="RGBA">RGBA</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Subtractive_color" title="Subtractive color">subtractive</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK</a>) color models. TIFF does not constrain the number of samples per pixel (except that there must be enough samples for the chosen color model), nor does it constrain how many bits are encoded for each sample, but baseline TIFF only requires that readers support a few combinations of color model and bit-depth of images. Support for custom sets of samples is very useful for scientific applications; 3 samples per pixel is at the low end of <a href="/wiki/Multispectral_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Multispectral image">multispectral imaging</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hyperspectral_imaging" title="Hyperspectral imaging">hyperspectral imaging</a> may require hundreds of samples per pixel. TIFF supports having all samples for a pixel next to each other within a single strip/tile (PlanarConfiguration = 1) but also different samples in different strips/tiles (PlanarConfiguration = 2). The default format for a sample value is as an unsigned integer, but a TIFF extension allows declaring them as alternatively being signed integers or <a href="/wiki/IEEE-754" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE-754">IEEE-754</a> floats, as well as specify a custom range for valid sample values. </p><p>TIFF images may be uncompressed, compressed using a <a href="/wiki/Lossless_compression" title="Lossless compression">lossless compression</a> scheme, or compressed using a <a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">lossy compression</a> scheme. The lossless <a href="/wiki/LZW" class="mw-redirect" title="LZW">LZW</a> compression scheme has at times been regarded as the standard compression for TIFF, but this is technically a TIFF extension, and the TIFF6 specification notes the patent situation regarding LZW. Compression schemes vary significantly in at what level they process the data: LZW acts on the stream of bytes encoding a strip or tile (without regard to sample structure, bit depth, or row width), whereas the JPEG compression scheme both transforms the sample structure of pixels (switching to a different color model) and encodes pixels in 8×8 blocks rather than row by row. </p><p>Most data in TIFF files are numerical, but the format supports declaring data as rather being textual, if appropriate for a particular tag. Tags that take textual values include Artist, Copyright, DateTime, DocumentName, InkNames, and Model. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MIME_type">MIME type</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: MIME type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MIME type <i>image/tiff</i> (defined in RFC 3302) without an application parameter is used for Baseline TIFF 6.0 files or to indicate that it is not necessary to identify a specific subset of TIFF or TIFF extensions. The optional "application" parameter (Example: Content-type: image/tiff; application=foo) is defined for image/tiff to identify a particular subset of TIFF and TIFF extensions for the encoded image data, if it is known. According to RFC 3302, specific TIFF subsets or TIFF extensions used in the application parameter must be published as an RFC.<sup id="cite_ref-jdf_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> type <i>image/tiff-fx</i> (defined in RFC 3949 and RFC 3950) is based on TIFF 6.0 with TIFF Technical Notes TTN1 (Trees) and TTN2 (Replacement TIFF/JPEG specification). It is used for <a href="/wiki/Internet_fax" title="Internet fax">Internet fax</a> compatible with the ITU-T Recommendations for Group 3 black-and-white, grayscale and color <a href="/wiki/Fax" title="Fax">fax</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_preservation">Digital preservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Digital preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adobe holds the copyright on the TIFF specification (aka TIFF 6.0) along with the two supplements that have been published. These documents can be found on the Adobe TIFF Resources page.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fax" title="Fax">Fax</a> standard in RFC 3949 is based on these TIFF specifications.<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TIFF files that strictly use the basic "tag sets" as defined in TIFF 6.0 along with restricting the compression technology to the methods identified in TIFF 6.0 and are adequately tested and verified by multiple sources for all documents being created can be used for storing documents. Commonly seen issues encountered in the content and <a href="/wiki/Document_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Document management">document management</a> industry associated with the use of TIFF files arise when the structures contain proprietary headers, are not properly documented, or contain "wrappers" or other containers around the TIFF datasets, or include improper compression technologies, or those compression technologies are not properly implemented. </p><p>Variants of TIFF can be used within <a href="/wiki/Document_imaging" title="Document imaging">document imaging</a> and content/document management systems using <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">CCITT</a> <a href="/wiki/Group_4_compression" title="Group 4 compression">Group IV 2D compression</a> which supports <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a> (bitonal, <a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">monochrome</a>) images, among other compression technologies that support <a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">color</a>. When storage capacity and network bandwidth was a greater issue than commonly seen in today's server environments, high-volume storage scanning, documents were scanned in black and white (not in color or in grayscale) to conserve storage capacity. </p><p>The inclusion of the SampleFormat tag in TIFF 6.0 allows TIFF files to handle advanced pixel data types, including integer images with more than 8 bits per channel and floating point images. This tag made TIFF 6.0 a viable format for scientific image processing where extended precision is required. An example would be the use of TIFF to store images acquired using scientific CCD cameras that provide up to 16 bits per <a href="/wiki/Photosite" title="Photosite">photosite</a> of intensity resolution. Storing a sequence of images in a single TIFF file is also possible, and is allowed under TIFF 6.0, provided the rules for multi-page images are followed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details">Details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TIFF is a flexible, adaptable file format for handling images and data within a single file, by including the header tags (size, definition, image-data arrangement, applied <a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image compression</a>) defining the image's geometry. A TIFF file, for example, can be a container holding <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> (lossy) and <a href="/wiki/PackBits" title="PackBits">PackBits</a> (lossless) compressed images. A TIFF file also can include a <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Clipping_path" title="Clipping path">clipping path</a> (outlines, croppings, image frames). The ability to store image data in a <a href="/wiki/Lossless_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossless data compression">lossless</a> format makes a TIFF file a useful image archive, because, unlike standard JPEG files, a TIFF file using lossless compression (or none) may be edited and re-saved without losing image quality. This is not the case when using the TIFF as a container holding compressed JPEG. Other TIFF options are <a href="/wiki/Layers_(digital_image_editing)" title="Layers (digital image editing)">layers</a> and pages. </p><p>TIFF offers the option of using <a href="/wiki/Lempel-Ziv-Welch" class="mw-redirect" title="Lempel-Ziv-Welch">LZW</a> compression, a lossless data-compression technique for reducing a file's size. Use of this option was limited by patents on the LZW technique until their expiration in 2004. </p><p>The TIFF 6.0 specification consists of the following parts:<sup id="cite_ref-tiff6_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Introduction (contains information about TIFF Administration, usage of Private fields and values, etc.)</li> <li>Part 1: Baseline TIFF</li> <li>Part 2: TIFF Extensions</li> <li>Part 3: Appendices</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_1:_Baseline_TIFF"><span class="anchor" id="Baseline_TIFF"></span>Part 1: Baseline TIFF</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Part 1: Baseline TIFF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When TIFF was introduced, its extensibility provoked compatibility problems. The flexibility in encoding gave rise to the joke that TIFF stands for <i>Thousands of Incompatible File Formats</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-trauth_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trauth-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To avoid these problems, every TIFF reader was required to read <i>Baseline TIFF</i>. Among other things, Baseline TIFF does not include layers, or compressed JPEG or LZW images. Baseline TIFF is formally known as <i>TIFF 6.0, Part 1: Baseline TIFF</i>. </p><p>The following is an incomplete list of required Baseline TIFF features:<sup id="cite_ref-tiff6_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multiple_subfiles">Multiple subfiles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Multiple subfiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TIFF readers must be prepared for multiple/multi-page images (subfiles) per TIFF file, although they are not required to actually do anything with images after the first one. </p><p>There may be more than one Image File Directory (IFD) in a TIFF file. Each IFD defines a subfile. One use of subfiles is to describe related images, such as the pages of a facsimile document. A Baseline TIFF reader is not required to read any IFD beyond the first one.<sup id="cite_ref-tiff6_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Strips">Strips</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Strips"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A baseline TIFF image is composed of one or more strips. A strip (or band) is a subsection of the image composed of one or more rows. Each strip may be compressed independently of the entire image, and each begins on a byte boundary. If the image height is not evenly divisible by the number of rows in the strip, the last strip may contain fewer rows. If strip definition tags are omitted, the image is assumed to contain a single strip. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compression">Compression</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Compression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baseline TIFF readers must handle the following three compression schemes:<sup id="cite_ref-tiff6_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Zero compression</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">CCITT</a> Group 3 1-Dimensional Modified <a href="/wiki/Huffman_coding" title="Huffman coding">Huffman</a> RLE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PackBits" title="PackBits">PackBits</a> compression - a form of <a href="/wiki/Run-length_encoding" title="Run-length encoding">run-length encoding</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Image_types">Image types</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Image types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baseline TIFF image types are: bilevel, grayscale, palette-color, and RGB full-color images.<sup id="cite_ref-tiff6_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Byte_order">Byte order</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Byte order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every TIFF file begins with a two-<a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a> indicator of <a href="/wiki/Byte_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Byte order">byte order</a>: "<code>II</code>" for little-endian (a.k.a. "Intel byte ordering", <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1980</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "<code>MM</code>" for big-endian (a.k.a. "Motorola byte ordering", <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1980</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> byte ordering. The next two-byte word contains the format version number, which has always been 42 for every version of TIFF (e.g., TIFF v5.0 and TIFF v6.0).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All two-byte words, double words, etc., in the TIFF file are assumed to be in the indicated byte order. The TIFF 6.0 specification states that compliant TIFF readers must support both byte orders (<code>II</code> and <code>MM</code>); writers may use either.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_TIFF_fields">Other TIFF fields</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other TIFF fields"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TIFF readers must be prepared to encounter and ignore private fields not described in the TIFF specification. TIFF readers must not refuse to read a TIFF file if optional fields do not exist.<sup id="cite_ref-tiff6_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_2:_TIFF_Extensions"><span class="anchor" id="TIFF_Extensions"></span>Part 2: TIFF Extensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Part 2: TIFF Extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many TIFF readers support tags additional to those in Baseline TIFF, but not every reader supports every extension.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wfax-packbits_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wfax-packbits-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, Baseline TIFF features became the lowest common denominator for TIFF. Baseline TIFF features are extended in TIFF Extensions (defined in the TIFF 6.0 Part 2 specification) but extensions can also be defined in private tags. </p><p>The TIFF Extensions are formally known as <i>TIFF 6.0, Part 2: TIFF Extensions</i>. Here are some examples of TIFF extensions defined in TIFF 6.0 specification:<sup id="cite_ref-tiff6_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compression_2">Compression</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Compression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>CCITT T.4 bi-level encoding</li> <li>CCITT T.6 bi-level encoding</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Image_types_2">Image types</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Image types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a> Images</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a> Images</li> <li>HalftoneHints</li> <li>Tiled Images</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIE_Lab" class="mw-redirect" title="CIE Lab">CIE L*a*b*</a> Images</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Image_trees">Image trees</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Image trees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A baseline TIFF file can contain a sequence of images (IFD). Typically, all the images are related but represent different data, such as the pages of a document. In order to explicitly support multiple views of the <i>same</i> data, the <i>SubIFD</i> tag was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-supplement1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supplement1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allows the images to be defined along a <a href="/wiki/Tree_structure" title="Tree structure">tree structure</a>. Each image can have a sequence of children, each child being itself an image. The typical usage is to provide thumbnails or several versions of an image in different color spaces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tiles">Tiles</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A TIFF image may also be composed of a number of tiles. All tiles in the same image have the same dimensions and may be compressed independently of the entire image, similar to strips (see above). Tiled images are part of TIFF 6.0, Part 2: TIFF Extensions, so the support for tiled images is not required in Baseline TIFF readers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_extensions">Other extensions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to TIFF 6.0 specification (Introduction), all TIFF files using proposed TIFF extensions that are not approved by Adobe as part of Baseline TIFF (typically for specialized uses of TIFF that do not fall within the domain of publishing or general graphics or picture interchange) should be either not called TIFF files or should be marked some way so that they will not be confused with mainstream TIFF files. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_tags">Private tags</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Private tags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Developers can apply for a block of "private tags" to enable them to include their own proprietary information inside a TIFF file without causing problems for file interchange. TIFF readers are required to ignore tags that they do not recognize, and a registered developer's private tags are guaranteed not to clash with anyone else's tags or with the standard set of tags defined in the specification. Private tags are numbered in the range 32,768 and higher. </p><p>Private tags are reserved for information meaningful only for some organization, or for experiments with a new compression scheme within TIFF. Upon request, the TIFF administrator (currently Adobe) will allocate and register one or more private tags for an organization, to avoid possible conflicts with other organizations. Organizations and developers are discouraged from choosing their own tag numbers arbitrarily, because doing so could cause serious compatibility problems. However, if there is little or no chance that TIFF files will escape a private environment, organizations and developers are encouraged to consider using TIFF tags in the "reusable" 65,000–65,535 range. There is no need to contact Adobe when using numbers in this range.<sup id="cite_ref-tiff6_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TIFF_Compression_Tag">TIFF Compression Tag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: TIFF Compression Tag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The TIFF Tag 259 (0103<sub>16</sub>) stores the information about the Compression method. The default value is 1 = no compression. </p><p>Most TIFF writers and TIFF readers support only some TIFF compression schemes. Here are some examples of used TIFF compression schemes: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%"> <caption>TIFF Compression Tag<sup id="cite_ref-wfax-packbits_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wfax-packbits-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Tag value </th> <th>Compression scheme </th> <th>Lossy/<wbr />lossless </th> <th>Specification </th> <th>Description </th> <th>Image types </th> <th>Usage and support </th></tr> <tr> <td>0001<sub>16</sub></td> <td>None</td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF 6.0</td> <td>Baseline TIFF</td> <td>All</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Common<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0002<sub>16</sub></td> <td>CCITT Group 3 1-Dimensional Modified Huffman run-length encoding (a.k.a. MH or CCITT 1D)</td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF 6.0</td> <td>Baseline TIFF; compression based on ITU-T T.4</td> <td>Black and white</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Common </td></tr> <tr> <td>0003<sub>16</sub></td> <td>CCITT T.4 bi-level encoding as specified in section 4, Coding, of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.4/en">ITU-T Recommendation T.4</a> (a.k.a. CCITT Group 3 fax encoding or CCITT Group 3 2D)</td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF 6.0</td> <td>TIFF 6.0 Extensions; compression based on ITU-T T.4</td> <td>Black and white</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Common </td></tr> <tr> <td>0004<sub>16</sub></td> <td>CCITT T.6 bi-level encoding as specified in section 2 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.6/en">ITU-T Recommendation T.6</a> (a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Group_4_compression" title="Group 4 compression">CCITT Group 4 fax encoding</a>)</td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF 6.0</td> <td>TIFF 6.0 extensions; compression based on ITU-T T.6</td> <td>Black and white</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Common </td></tr> <tr> <td>0005<sub>16</sub></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">Lempel–Ziv–Welch</a></td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF 6.0</td> <td>TIFF 6.0 Extensions; first defined in TIFF 5 (1988); a patented compression algorithm, but the patents expired in 2003 and 2004</td> <td>All</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Common<sup id="cite_ref-succeed_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-succeed-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0006<sub>16</sub></td> <td>JPEG (obsolete 'old-style' JPEG, later superseded in Technote2)</td> <td>Lossy</td> <td>TIFF 6.0</td> <td>TIFF 6.0 Extensions; first defined in TIFF 6 (1992); obsolete, should never be written.</td> <td>Continuous-tone</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>0007<sub>16</sub></td> <td>JPEG ('new-style' JPEG)</td> <td>Lossy</td> <td>TIFF 6 Technote2 (1995)</td> <td>supersedes old-style JPEG compression; it is a TIFF 6.0 extension.</td> <td>Continuous-tone</td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Uncommon </td></tr> <tr> <td>0008<sub>16</sub></td> <td>Deflate (zlib), Adobe variant (official)</td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF Specification Supplement 2 (2002)</td> <td>RFC 1950 (1996), RFC 1951 (1996), Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Notes; it is a TIFF 6.0 extension.</td> <td>All</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Common </td></tr> <tr> <td>0009<sub>16</sub></td> <td>JBIG, per <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.85/en">ITU-T T.85</a></td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF-FX</td> <td>RFC 2301 (1998), RFC 3949 (2005)</td> <td>Black and white</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>000A<sub>16</sub></td> <td>JBIG, per <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.43/en">ITU-T T.43</a></td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF-FX</td> <td>RFC 2301 (1998), RFC 3949 (2005)</td> <td>Black and white</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>7FFE<sub>16</sub></td> <td>NeXT RLE 2-bit greyscale encoding</td> <td></td> <td>Proprietary</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>8005<sub>16</sub></td> <td>PackBits (a.k.a. Macintosh RLE)</td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF 6.0</td> <td>Baseline TIFF</td> <td>All</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare<sup id="cite_ref-succeed_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-succeed-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8029<sub>16</sub></td> <td>ThunderScan RLE 4-bit encoding</td> <td></td> <td>Proprietary</td> <td></td> <td>Black and white</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>807F<sub>16</sub></td> <td>RasterPadding in continuous tone (CT) or monochrome picture (MP)</td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF/IT (1998, 2004)</td> <td>ISO 12639</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>8080<sub>16</sub></td> <td>RLE for line work (LW)</td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF/IT (1998, 2004)</td> <td>ISO 12639</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>8081<sub>16</sub></td> <td>RLE for high-resolution continuous-tone (HC)</td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF/IT (1998, 2004)</td> <td>ISO 12639</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>8082<sub>16</sub></td> <td>RLE for binary line work (BL)</td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>TIFF/IT (1998, 2004)</td> <td>ISO 12639</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>80B2<sub>16</sub></td> <td>Deflate, PKZIP variant (obsolete)</td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>Proprietary</td> <td>According to TIFF Specification Supplement 2 it should be considered obsolete but reading is recommended</td> <td>All</td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Uncommon </td></tr> <tr> <td>80B3<sub>16</sub></td> <td>Kodak DCS</td> <td></td> <td>Proprietary</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>8765<sub>16</sub></td> <td>JBIG</td> <td></td> <td>LibTIFF</td> <td></td> <td>Black and white</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>8798<sub>16</sub></td> <td>JPEG2000</td> <td></td> <td>Proprietary</td> <td>Includes a complete JP2 file inside a TIFF file, not recommended. Introduced by Leadtools.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Uncommon </td></tr> <tr> <td>8799<sub>16</sub></td> <td>Nikon NEF Compressed</td> <td></td> <td>Proprietary</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>879B<sub>16</sub></td> <td><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></td> <td>Lossless, lossy</td> <td>TIFF-FX Extension Set 1.0</td> <td>Abandoned IETF draft from 2001<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>8847<sub>16</sub></td> <td>LERC</td> <td>Lossy</td> <td>ESRI LERC</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>884C<sub>16</sub><sup id="cite_ref-dngSemanticMasks_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dngSemanticMasks-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Lossy non-YCbCr JPEG</td> <td>Lossy</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative">DNG</a> 1.4.0.0<sup id="cite_ref-dngCompressionFormats_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dngCompressionFormats-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Used for DNG semantic masks<sup id="cite_ref-dngSemanticMasks_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dngSemanticMasks-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for images in the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">LinearRaw</code> colorspace; explicitly indicates baseline DCT JPEG compression as opposed to "lossless Huffman JPEG".<sup id="cite_ref-dngCompressionFormats_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dngCompressionFormats-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>C350<sub>16</sub></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zstd" title="Zstd">ZSTD</a></td> <td>Lossless</td> <td>LibTIFF</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>C351<sub>16</sub></td> <td><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></td> <td>Lossless, lossy</td> <td>LibTIFF</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr> <tr> <td>CD42<sub>16</sub><sup id="cite_ref-dngSemanticMasks_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dngSemanticMasks-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></td> <td>Lossless, lossy</td> <td>DNG 1.7.0.0<sup id="cite_ref-dngCompressionFormats_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dngCompressionFormats-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Rare </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_formats">Related formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Related formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BigTIFF">BigTIFF</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: BigTIFF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The TIFF file formats use <a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing#Range_for_storing_integers" title="32-bit computing">32-bit offsets</a>, which limits file size to around 4 <a href="/wiki/Gibibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibibyte">GiB</a>. Some implementations even use a signed 32-bit offset, running into issues around 2 GiB. BigTIFF is a TIFF variant file format which uses 64-bit offsets and supports much larger files (up to 18 exabytes in size).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BigTIFF file format specification was implemented in 2007 in development releases of <a href="/wiki/LibTIFF" title="LibTIFF">LibTIFF</a> version 4.0, which was finally released as stable in December 2011. Support for BigTIFF file formats by applications is limited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exif">Exif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Exif"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exif</a> specification<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> builds upon TIFF. For uncompressed image data, an Exif file is straight off a TIFF file with some private tags. For <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> compressed image data, Exif uses the <a href="/wiki/JPEG_File_Interchange_Format" title="JPEG File Interchange Format">JPEG File Interchange Format</a> but embeds a TIFF file in the APP1 segment of the file. The first IFD (termed 0th in the Exif specification) of that embedded TIFF does not contain image data, and only houses metadata for the primary image. There may however be a <a href="/wiki/Thumbnail" title="Thumbnail">thumbnail</a> image in that embedded TIFF, which is provided by the second IFD (termed 1st in the Exif specification). The Exif audio file format does not build upon TIFF. </p><p>Exif defines a large number of private tags for image metadata, particularly camera settings and <a href="/wiki/Geopositioning" title="Geopositioning">geopositioning</a> data, but most of those do not appear in the ordinary TIFF IFDs. Instead these reside in separate IFDs which are pointed at by private tags in the main IFD. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TIFF/IT"><span id="TIFF.2FIT"></span>TIFF/IT</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: TIFF/IT"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom: 0.15em;">TIFF/IT</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> .fp, .ct, .lw, .hc, .mp, .bp, .bl, .sd<sup id="cite_ref-jdf_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><div class="monospaced"> not defined<sup id="cite_ref-jdf_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">ANSI, ISO</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">1993<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1993</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">TIFF/IT<br />2004<span class="noprint">; 21 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2004</span>)</span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file formats">Image file format</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Extended from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">TIFF 6.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">ISO 12639<sup id="cite_ref-TIFF/IT_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIFF/IT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dis12639_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dis12639-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>TIFF/IT is used to send data for print-ready pages that have been designed on high-end prepress systems.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TIFF/IT specification (ISO 12639) describes a multiple-file format, which can describe a single page per file set.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TIFF/IT files are not interchangeable with common TIFF files.<sup id="cite_ref-rmg_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rmg-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-issuu_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-issuu-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The goals in developing TIFF/IT were to carry forward the original <a href="/wiki/IT8" title="IT8">IT8</a> magnetic-tape formats into a medium-independent version. TIFF/IT is based on Adobe TIFF 6.0 specification and both extends TIFF 6, by adding additional tags, and restricts, it by limiting some tags and the values within tags. Not all valid TIFF/IT images are valid TIFF 6.0 images.<sup id="cite_ref-ipa_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipa-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TIFF/IT defines image-file formats for encoding color continuous-tone picture images, color <a href="/wiki/Line_art" title="Line art">line art</a> images, high-resolution continuous-tone images, monochrome continuous-tone images, binary picture images, binary line-art images, screened data, and images of composite final pages.<sup id="cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIFF/IT2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no MIME type defined for TIFF/IT. The MIME type <i>image/tiff</i> should not be used for TIFF/IT files, because TIFF/IT does not conform to Baseline TIFF 6.0 and the widely deployed TIFF 6.0 readers cannot read TIFF/IT. The MIME type <i>image/tiff</i> (defined in RFC 3302) without an application parameter is used for Baseline TIFF 6.0 files or to indicate that it is not necessary to identify a specific subset of TIFF or TIFF extensions. The application parameter should be used with <i>image/tiff</i> to distinguish TIFF extensions or TIFF subsets. According to RFC 3302, specific TIFF subsets or TIFF extensions must be published as an RFC. There is no such RFC for TIFF/IT. There is also no plan by the ISO committee that oversees TIFF/IT standard to register TIFF/IT with either a parameter to image/tiff or as new separate MIME type.<sup id="cite_ref-jdf_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TIFF/IT_files"><span id="TIFF.2FIT_files"></span>TIFF/IT files</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: TIFF/IT files"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TIFF/IT consists of a number of different files and it cannot be created or opened by common desktop applications.<sup id="cite_ref-jdf_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jdf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rmg_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rmg-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TIFF/IT-P1 file sets usually consist of the following files:<sup id="cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIFF/IT2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prepressure-tiffit_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prepressure-tiffit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-xitron_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xitron-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Final Page (FP)</li> <li>Continuous Tone image (CT)</li> <li>Line Work image (LW)</li> <li>High resolution Continuous-tone files (HC - optional)</li></ul> <p>TIFF/IT also defines the following files:<sup id="cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIFF/IT2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Monochrome continuous-tone Picture images (MP)</li> <li>Binary Picture images (BP)</li> <li>Binary Line-art images (BL)</li> <li>Screened Data (SD)</li></ul> <p>Some of these data types are partly compatible with the corresponding definitions in the TIFF 6.0 specification. The Final Page (FP) allows the various files needed to define a complete page to be grouped together: it provides a mechanism for creating a package that includes separate image layers (of types CT, LW, etc.) to be combined to create the final printed image. Its use is recommended but not required. There must be at least one subfile in an FP file, but no more than one of each type. It typically contains a CT subfile and an LW subfile.<sup id="cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIFF/IT2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ipa_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipa-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harl8_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harl8-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary color space for this standard is CMYK, but also other color spaces and the use of ICC Profiles are supported.<sup id="cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIFF/IT2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TIFF/IT_compression"><span id="TIFF.2FIT_compression"></span>TIFF/IT compression</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: TIFF/IT compression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TIFF/IT makes no provision for compression within the file structure itself, but there are no restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-ipa_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipa-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (For example, it is allowed to compress the whole file structure in a ZIP archive.) </p><p>LW files use a specific compression scheme known as Run-length encoding for LW (Compression tag value is 8080<sub>16</sub>). HC files also use a specific Run-length encoding for HC (Compression tag value is 8081<sub>16</sub>). The TIFF/IT P1 specs do not allow use of compression within the CT file. </p><p>The following is a list of defined TIFF/IT compression schemes:<sup id="cite_ref-dis12639_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dis12639-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%"> <caption>TIFF/IT compression schemes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>File type</th> <th>TIFF/IT conformance</th> <th>TIFF/IT-P1 conformance</th> <th>TIFF/IT-P2 conformance </th></tr> <tr> <td>Final Page (FP) 0th IFD field</td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>), Deflate (0008<sub>16</sub>) or PackBits (8005<sub>16</sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Continuous Tone (CT)</td> <td>Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>), JPEG (0007<sub>16</sub>), Deflate (0008<sub>16</sub>) or RasterPadding in CT or MP (807F<sub>16</sub>)</td> <td>Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>)</td> <td>Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>), JPEG (0007<sub>16</sub>), Deflate (0008<sub>16</sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Line Work (LW)</td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">RLE for LW (8080<sub>16</sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>High resolution Continuous tone (HC)</td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">RLE for HC (8081<sub>16</sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Monochrome continuous-tone Picture (MP)</td> <td>Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>), JPEG (0007<sub>16</sub>), Deflate (0008<sub>16</sub>) or RasterPadding in CT or MP (807F<sub>16</sub>)</td> <td>Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>)</td> <td>Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>), JPEG (0007<sub>16</sub>), Deflate (0008<sub>16</sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Binary Picture images (BP)</td> <td>Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>), CCITT T.6 bi-level encoding (0004<sub>16</sub>), Deflate (0008<sub>16</sub>)</td> <td>Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>)</td> <td>Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>), CCITT T.6 bi-level encoding (0004<sub>16</sub>), Deflate (0008<sub>16</sub>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Binary Line art (BL)</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">RLE for BL (8082<sub>16</sub>)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Screened Data (SD)</td> <td>Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>), CCITT T.6 bi-level encoding (0004<sub>16</sub>), Deflate (0008<sub>16</sub>)</td> <td></td> <td>Uncompressed (0001<sub>16</sub>), CCITT T.6 bi-level encoding (0004<sub>16</sub>), Deflate (0008<sub>16</sub>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TIFF/IT_P1"><span id="TIFF.2FIT_P1"></span>TIFF/IT P1</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: TIFF/IT P1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ISO 12639:1998 introduced TIFF/IT-P1 (Profile 1) - a direct subset of the full TIFF/IT standard (previously defined in ANSI IT8.8–1993). This subset was developed on the ground of the mutual realization by both the standards and the software development communities that an implementation of the full TIFF/IT standard by any one vendor was both unlikely (because of its complexity), and unnecessary (because Profile 1 would cover most applications for digital ad delivery). Almost all TIFF/IT files in digital advertising were distributed as TIFF/IT-P1 file sets in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When people talk about TIFF/IT, they usually mean the P1 standard.<sup id="cite_ref-prepressure-tiffit_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prepressure-tiffit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Here are some of the restrictions on TIFF/IT-P1 (compared to TIFF/IT):<sup id="cite_ref-harl8_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harl8-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Uses CMYK only (when appropriate)</li> <li>It is pixel interleaved (when appropriate)</li> <li>Has a single choice of image orientation</li> <li>Has a single choice of dot range</li> <li>Restricted compression methods</li></ul> <p>TIFF/IT-P1 is a simplified conformance level of TIFF/IT and it maximizes the compatibility between Color Electronic Prepress Systems (CEPS) and Desk Top Publishing (DTP) worlds.<sup id="cite_ref-ipa_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipa-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tiffitonline_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiffitonline-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It provides a clean interface for the proprietary CEPS formats such as the <a href="/wiki/Scitex_CT" title="Scitex CT">Scitex CT</a>/LW format. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TIFF/IT_P2"><span id="TIFF.2FIT_P2"></span>TIFF/IT P2</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: TIFF/IT P2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because TIFF/IT P1 had a number of limitations, an extended format was developed. The ISO 12639:2004 introduced a new extended conformance level - TIFF/IT-P2 (Profile 2). TIFF/IT-P2 added a number of functions to TIFF/IT-P1 like:<sup id="cite_ref-prepressure-tiffit_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prepressure-tiffit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>CMYK spot colors only (when appropriate)</li> <li>Support for the compression of CT and BP data (JPEG and Deflate)</li> <li>Support for multiple LW and CT files in a single file</li> <li>Support for copydot files through a new file type called SD (Screened Data)</li> <li>There was some effort to create a possibility to concatenate FP, LW, and CT files into a single file called the GF (Group Final) file, but this was not defined in a draft version of ISO 12639:2004.<sup id="cite_ref-dis12639_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dis12639-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>This format was not widely used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_tags_2">Private tags</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Private tags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The TIFF/IT specification preserved the TIFF possibility for developers to utilize private tags. The TIFF/IT specification is very precise regarding how these private tags should be treated - they should be parsed, but ignored.<sup id="cite_ref-tiffitprivatetags_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiffitprivatetags-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Private tags in the TIFF/IT-P1 specification were originally intended to provide developers with ways to add specific functionality for specific applications. Private tags can be used by developers (e.g., Scitex) to preserve specific printing values or other functionality. Private tags are typically labelled with tag numbers greater than or equal to 32768. </p><p>All private tags must be requested from Adobe (the TIFF administrator) and registered. </p><p>In 1992, the DDAP (Digital Distribution of Advertising for Publication, later Digital Directions in Applications for Production) developed their requirement statement for digital ad delivery. This was presented to ANSI-accredited CGATS (Committee for Graphic Arts Technology Standards) for development of an accredited file format standard for the delivery of digital ads. CGATS reviewed their alternatives for this purpose and TIFF seemed like the ideal candidate, except for the fact that it could not handle certain required functionalities. CGATS asked Aldus (the TIFF administrator) for a block of their own TIFF private tags in order to implement what eventually became TIFF/IT. For example, the ability to identify the sequence of the colors is handled by tag 34017 - the Color Sequence Tag.<sup id="cite_ref-tiffitprivatetags_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiffitprivatetags-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TIFF/IT was created to satisfy the need for a transport-independent method of encoding raster data in the IT8.1, IT8.2 and IT8.5 standards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Standards">Standards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TIFF/IT was defined in ANSI IT8.8–1993 standard in 1993 and later revised in the International Standard <i>ISO 12639:1998 - Prepress digital data exchange – Tag image file format for image technology (TIFF/IT)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-TIFF/IT_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIFF/IT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ISO standard replaces ANSI IT8.8–1993. It specifies a media-independent means for prepress electronic data exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ISO 12639:2004 (Second edition) standard for TIFF/IT superseded the ISO 12639:1998. It was also later extended in ISO 12639:2004 / Amd. 1:2007 - Use of JBIG2-Amd2 compression in TIFF/IT.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tagged_Image_File_Format" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tagged Image File Format">Tagged Image File Format</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats" title="Comparison of graphics file formats">Comparison of graphics file formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibTIFF" title="LibTIFF">LibTIFF</a>, widely used open source library + utilities for reading/writing/manipulating TIFF files</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Negative (file format)">DNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoTIFF" title="GeoTIFF">GeoTIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file formats">Image file formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STDU_Viewer" title="STDU Viewer">STDU Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Photo_Viewer" title="Windows Photo Viewer">Windows Photo Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T.37_(ITU-T_recommendation)" class="mw-redirect" title="T.37 (ITU-T recommendation)">T.37 (ITU-T recommendation)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/creativecloud/file-types/image/raster/tiff-file.html">"What are TIFF files and how do you open them?"</a>. <i>adobe.com</i>. Adobe, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2023</span>. <q>A TIFF, which stands for Tag Image File Format, is a computer file used to store raster graphics and image information.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adobe.com&rft.atitle=What+are+TIFF+files+and+how+do+you+open+them%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Fcreativecloud%2Ffile-types%2Fimage%2Fraster%2Ftiff-file.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/creativecloud/file-types/image/comparison/tiff-vs-png.html">"PNG vs. TIFF: Which is better?"</a>. <i>adobe.com</i>. Adobe, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2023</span>. <q>TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) files are common in publishing, photo editing, and graphic design.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adobe.com&rft.atitle=PNG+vs.+TIFF%3A+Which+is+better%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Fcreativecloud%2Ffile-types%2Fimage%2Fcomparison%2Ftiff-vs-png.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sgi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sgi_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurrayvanRyper1996" class="citation book cs1">Murray, James D.; vanRyper, William (April 1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mac_Graphics_File_Formats_Second_Edition_1996"><i>Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats</i></a></span> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56592-161-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56592-161-5"><bdi>1-56592-161-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Graphics+File+Formats&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=1996-04&rft.isbn=1-56592-161-5&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rft.au=vanRyper%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmac_Graphics_File_Formats_Second_Edition_1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TIFF was chosen as the native format for raster graphics in the <a href="/wiki/NeXTstep" class="mw-redirect" title="NeXTstep">NeXTstep</a> operating system; this TIFF support carried over into <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TIFF/IT-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TIFF/IT_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIFF/IT_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIFF/IT_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=2181">"TIFF/IT ISO/IEC 12639"</a>. ISO. 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TIFF%2FIT+ISO%2FIEC+12639&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fiso_catalogue%2Fcatalogue_ics%2Fcatalogue_detail_ics.htm%3Fcsnumber%3D2181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TIFF/IT2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIFF/IT2_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000072.shtml">"TIFF/IT for Image Technology"</a>. The National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program at the Library of Congress. 2006-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TIFF%2FIT+for+Image+Technology&rft.pub=The+National+Digital+Information+Infrastructure+and+Preservation+Program+at+the+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2006-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalpreservation.gov%2Fformats%2Ffdd%2Ffdd000072.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prepressure-tiffit-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prepressure-tiffit_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prepressure-tiffit_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prepressure-tiffit_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prepressure-tiffit_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prepressure.com/library/file-formats/tiffit">"The TIFF/IT file format"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+TIFF%2FIT+file+format&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prepressure.com%2Flibrary%2Ffile-formats%2Ftiffit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3949">"File Format for Internet Fax"</a>. 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-19</span></span>. <q>This file format specification is commonly known as TIFF for Fax eXtended (TIFF-FX).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=File+Format+for+Internet+Fax&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc3949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tiff6-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tiff6_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiff6_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiff6_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiff6_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiff6_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiff6_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiff6_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiff6_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiff6_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiff6_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiff6_9-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itu.int/itudoc/itu-t/com16/tiff-fx/docs/tiff6.pdf">TIFF Revision 6.0 Final — June 3, 1992</a>, Retrieved on 2024-03-29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trauth-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trauth_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trauth_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrauth2006" class="citation book cs1">Trauth, Martin H. (2006). <i>MATLAB Recipes For Earth Sciences</i>. Springer. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-27983-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-27983-0"><bdi>3-540-27983-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MATLAB+Recipes+For+Earth+Sciences&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=3-540-27983-0&rft.aulast=Trauth&rft.aufirst=Martin+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-supplement1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-supplement1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-supplement1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060114005938/http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFPM6.pdf">TIFF Specification Supplement 1</a>, Retrieved 2022-06-29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-supplement2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-supplement2_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111100404/http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFphotoshop.pdf">TIFF Specification Supplement 2</a>, Retrieved 2022-06-29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nothing prevents someone defining a TIFF extension that would introduce some other kind of pixel geometry, or even house non-pixel-based graphics in a TIFF container, but so far there does not seem to have been any need for that. Hence TIFF images have a rectangular pixel geometry.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jdf-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jdf_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jdf_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jdf_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jdf_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jdf_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCIP42008" class="citation web cs1">CIP4 (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cip4.org/documents/jdf_specifications/html/APPX_MimeType_and_MimeTypeVersion_attributes.html">"JDF Specification - Appendix H MimeType and MimeTypeVersion Attributes"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JDF+Specification+-+Appendix+H+MimeType+and+MimeTypeVersion+Attributes&rft.date=2008&rft.au=CIP4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cip4.org%2Fdocuments%2Fjdf_specifications%2Fhtml%2FAPPX_MimeType_and_MimeTypeVersion_attributes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108172855/https://www.adobe.io/open/standards/TIFF.html">"Adobe TIFF Resources page"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.io/open/standards/TIFF.html">the original</a> on 8 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+TIFF+Resources+page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.io%2Fopen%2Fstandards%2FTIFF.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LoC-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LoC_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000022.shtml">"TIFF, Revision 6.0"</a>. <i>Digital Preservation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. 2014-01-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Preservation&rft.atitle=TIFF%2C+Revision+6.0&rft.date=2014-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalpreservation.gov%2Fformats%2Ffdd%2Ffdd000022.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Beecher, author of dozens of image processing engines over the last 30 years. Any TIFF file can be viewed with a HEX editor to confirm this.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAldus/Microsoft1988" class="citation book cs1">Aldus/Microsoft (1988-08-08). "1) Structure". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204070129/http://cool-palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff5.html"><i>TIFF</i></a>. Revision 5.0. Aldus Corporation and Microsoft Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cool-palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff5.html">the original</a> on 2008-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-29</span></span>. <q>The number 42 was chosen for its deep philosophical significance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1%29+Structure&rft.btitle=TIFF&rft.series=Revision+5.0&rft.pub=Aldus+Corporation+and+Microsoft+Corporation&rft.date=1988-08-08&rft.au=Aldus%2FMicrosoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcool-palimpsest.stanford.edu%2Fbytopic%2Fimaging%2Fstd%2Ftiff5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdobe_Developers_Association1992" class="citation book cs1">Adobe Developers Association (1992-06-03). "Section 7: Additional baseline TIFF Requirements". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108174645/https://www.adobe.io/content/dam/udp/en/open/standards/tiff/TIFF6.pdf"><i>TIFF</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Revision 6.0. Adobe Systems Incorporated. p. 26. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.io/content/dam/udp/en/open/standards/tiff/TIFF6.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-29</span></span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'MM' and 'II' byte order. TIFF readers must be able to handle both byte orders. TIFF writers can do whichever is most convenient or efficient.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Section+7%3A+Additional+baseline+TIFF+Requirements&rft.btitle=TIFF&rft.series=Revision+6.0&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Adobe+Systems+Incorporated&rft.date=1992-06-03&rft.au=Adobe+Developers+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.io%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fudp%2Fen%2Fopen%2Fstandards%2Ftiff%2FTIFF6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMicrosoft" class="citation web cs1">Microsoft. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/319196/en-us">"You cannot preview scanned TIFF file in Windows Picture and Fax Viewer"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=You+cannot+preview+scanned+TIFF+file+in+Windows+Picture+and+Fax+Viewer&rft.au=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fkb%2F319196%2Fen-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wfax-packbits-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wfax-packbits_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wfax-packbits_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMicrosoft" class="citation web cs1">Microsoft. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/329270">"You Cannot View TIFF Images Using Windows Picture and Fax Viewer"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=You+Cannot+View+TIFF+Images+Using+Windows+Picture+and+Fax+Viewer&rft.au=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fkb%2F329270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMicrosoft" class="citation web cs1">Microsoft. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430204808/http://suppressingfire.org/~burner/evil-mods-tiff/">"Handling Microsoft Office Document Scanning TNEF and TIFFs in Linux"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suppressingfire.org/~burner/evil-mods-tiff/">the original</a> on 2013-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baseline+TIFF+Tag+Compression&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awaresystems.be%2Fimaging%2Ftiff%2Ftifftags%2Fcompression.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libtiff.org/support.html">"LibTIFF - TIFF 6.0 Specification Coverage"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hul.harvard.edu/jhove/tiff-hul.html">the original</a> on December 10, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JSTOR%2FHarvard+Object+Validation+Environment+-+JHOVE+TIFF-hul+Module&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhul.harvard.edu%2Fjhove%2Ftiff-hul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tiki-lounge.com/~raf/tiff/tifffields.html">"TIFF Fields"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tags+for+TIFF+and+Related+Specifications&rft.au=Library+of+Congress+Collections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalpreservation.gov%2Fformats%2Fcontent%2Ftiff_tags.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.gimp.org/en/gimp-images-out.html#file-tiff-save">"GIMP Documentation - Saving as TIFF"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GIMP+Documentation+-+Saving+as+TIFF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.gimp.org%2Fen%2Fgimp-images-out.html%23file-tiff-save&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irfanview.com/history_old.htm">"IrfanView - History of changes"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IrfanView+-+History+of+changes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irfanview.com%2Fhistory_old.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Commonly supported TIFF types can be displayed by image viewers such as <a href="/wiki/Irfanview" class="mw-redirect" title="Irfanview">Irfanview</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-succeed-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-succeed_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-succeed_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSucceed_project2014" class="citation book cs1">Succeed project (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.succeed-project.eu/sites/default/files/deliverables/Succeed_600555_WP4_D4.1_RecommendationsOnFormatsAndStandards_v1.1.pdf"><i>Recommendations for metadata and data formats for online availability and long-term preservation</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 68. <q>If files are actively managed in a digital repository, it is possible to consider using either LZW or ZIP lossless compression for the TIFF files. JPEG compression should not be used within [...] TIFF. [...] Most of the respondents use uncompressed images (64%), if compression is used then LZW is mostly used.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recommendations+for+metadata+and+data+formats+for+online+availability+and+long-term+preservation&rft.pages=68&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Succeed+project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.succeed-project.eu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdeliverables%2FSucceed_600555_WP4_D4.1_RecommendationsOnFormatsAndStandards_v1.1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leadtools.com/sdk/formats/tiff.htm">"LEADTOOLS TIFF SDK"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Printing+Terms+-+TIFF%2FIT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.printingtips.com%2Fglossary-term%2Ft--2360%2Ftiffit.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cip4.org/documents/ppf_specifications/cip3embd_v1_0.pdf"><i>CIP3 application note</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CIP3+application+note&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cip4.org%2Fdocuments%2Fppf_specifications%2Fcip3embd_v1_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rmg-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rmg_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rmg_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgmgraphics.com/Tiff-It.pdf"><i>Tiff/It Questions and Answers</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tiff%2FIt+Questions+and+Answers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgmgraphics.com%2FTiff-It.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-issuu-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-issuu_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/michaelejahn/docs/jahn_introtopdfx_fontsembed"><i>Introduction to PDF/X</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+PDF%2FX&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fmichaelejahn%2Fdocs%2Fjahn_introtopdfx_fontsembed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interviewmagspecs.com/Pages/Tiff_It_P1_Specs.html">"Tiff/It P1 Specifications"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TIFF%2FIT+Implementers&rft.date=2003&rft.au=DDAP+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ddap.org%2Fresource_center%2Ftiffit_implementers.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xitron-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xitron_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110220205500/http://www.xitron.com/downloads/support/technical_documents/plugin_manuals/tiffitp1out.pdf"><i>Harlequin RIP - manual for a commercial TIFF/IT plugin</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xitron.com/downloads/support/technical_documents/plugin_manuals/tiffitp1out.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 20, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harlequin+RIP+-+manual+for+a+commercial+TIFF%2FIT+plugin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xitron.com%2Fdownloads%2Fsupport%2Ftechnical_documents%2Fplugin_manuals%2Ftiffitp1out.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harl8-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harl8_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harl8_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920084616/http://www.rti-rips.com/LinkedDocuments/Version8Manuals/Harlequin_RIP_Manual_Mac.pdf"><i>A software manual with information about TIFF/IT</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rti-rips.com/LinkedDocuments/Version8Manuals/Harlequin_RIP_Manual_Mac.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 20, 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+software+manual+with+information+about+TIFF%2FIT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rti-rips.com%2FLinkedDocuments%2FVersion8Manuals%2FHarlequin_RIP_Manual_Mac.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040111002537/http://www.ddap.org/resource_center/tiffit_position_paper.php"><i>DDAP Position Statement - 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Archived from the original on April 28, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TIFF%2FIT+Private+Tags&rft.date=2002&rft.au=DDAP+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ddap.com%2Fresources%2Fprivatetags_faqs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.printingtips.com/email-term/t--2361/tiffitp1.asp">"Glossary of Printing Terms - TIFF/IT-P1"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Printing+Terms+-+TIFF%2FIT-P1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.printingtips.com%2Femail-term%2Ft--2361%2Ftiffitp1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/03/43/34342.html">"ISO 12639:2004"</a>. <i>ISO</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO&rft.atitle=ISO+12639%3A2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fcms%2Frender%2Flive%2Fen%2Fsites%2Fisoorg%2Fcontents%2Fdata%2Fstandard%2F03%2F43%2F34342.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIFF&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108172855/https://www.adobe.io/open/standards/TIFF.html">Adobe TIFF Resources page</a>: Adobe links to the specification and main TIFF resources</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simplesystems.org/libtiff/">LibTIFF Home Page</a>: Widely used library used for reading and writing TIFF files as well as TIFF file processing command line tools</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff.html">TIFF File Format FAQ and TIFF Tag Reference</a>: Everything you always wanted to know about the TIFF File Format but were afraid to ask</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000022.shtml">TIFF description</a> at Digital Preservation (The Library of Congress)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff4.html">TIFF Revision 4.0</a>: Specification for revision 4.0, in HTML (warning: for historical purposes only, the TIFF 6.0 spec contains the full 4.0 revision)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff5.html">TIFF Revision 5.0</a>: Specification for revision 5.0, in HTML (warning: for historical purposes only, the TIFF 6.0 spec contains the full 5.0 revision)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108174645/https://www.adobe.io/content/dam/udp/en/open/standards/tiff/TIFF6.pdf">TIFF Revision 6.0</a>: Specification for revision 6.0, in PDF (warning: there is an outdated and flawed section (jpeg compression), corrected in supplements, and there are additions to this PDF too – for the full specification, see the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108172855/https://www.adobe.io/open/standards/TIFF.html">Adobe TIFF Resources page</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" />RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3302">3302</a> - image/tiff, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" />RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3949">3949</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" />RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3950">3950</a> - image/tiff-fx, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" />RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2306">2306</a> - Tag Image File Format (TIFF) - F Profile for Facsimile, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" />RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1314">1314</a> - legacy exchange of images in the Internet.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/36958">Code Tiff Tag Reader</a> - Easy readable code of a TIFF tag reader in Mathworks Matlab (Tiff 5.0/6.0)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alternatiff.com/">AlternaTIFF</a> - Free in-browser TIFF viewer</li> <li>eiStream Annotation (also known as Wang or Kodak Annotation). Developed by eiStream. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030124024322/http://www5.eistream.com/support_pro/faqs/annospec.htm">"eiStream Annotation Specification, Version 1.00.06"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www5.eistream.com/support_pro/faqs/annospec.htm">the original</a> on 2003-01-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=eiStream+Annotation+Specification%2C+Version+1.00.06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww5.eistream.com%2Fsupport_pro%2Ffaqs%2Fannospec.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li>ADEO Imaging Annotation <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adeoimaging.com">"Multi-Page TIFF Editor - History of changes - TIFF tags"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multi-Page+TIFF+Editor+-+History+of+changes+-+TIFF+tags&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adeoimaging.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATIFF" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Multimedia_compression_and_container_formats462" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_formats" title="Template:Compression formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Compression_formats" title="Template talk:Compression formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Compression_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Compression formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Multimedia_compression_and_container_formats462" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">Multimedia</a> <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">compression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Container_format_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container format (computing)">container</a> formats</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">Video<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG" title="Motion JPEG">MJPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">Part 2 / ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">Part 10 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_IVC" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 IVC">Part 33 / IVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">MPEG-H</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">Part 2 / HEVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-I (page does not exist)">MPEG-I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Part 3 / VVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-5" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-5">MPEG-5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">Part 1 / EVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">Part 2 / LCEVC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_Coding_Experts_Group" title="Video Coding Experts Group">VCEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.120" title="H.120">H.120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265 / HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266 / VVC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H.267&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H.267 (page does not exist)">H.267 / Enhanced Coding Model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirac_(video_compression_format)" title="Dirac (video compression format)">VC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_DNxHD" title="Avid DNxHD">VC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineForm" title="CineForm">VC-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-6" title="VC-6">VC-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion</a> and AOMedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies#TrueMotion_S" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP3" title="VP3">VP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP6" title="VP6">VP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP7" class="mw-redirect" title="VP7">VP7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8" title="VP8">VP8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P2/AVS+</a>(GB/T 20090.2/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P2</a>(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1) <ul><li>HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)</li></ul></li> <li>AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Video" title="Apple Video">Apple Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinepak" title="Cinepak">Cinepak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daala" title="Daala">Daala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Interactive" title="Digital Video Interactive">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFV1" title="FFV1">FFV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffyuv" title="Huffyuv">Huffyuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeo" title="Indeo">Indeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagarith" title="Lagarith">Lagarith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Video_1" title="Microsoft Video 1">Microsoft Video 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSU_Lossless_Video_Codec" title="MSU Lossless Video Codec">MSU Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_Video" title="OMS Video">OMS Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixlet" title="Pixlet">Pixlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProRes" title="Apple ProRes">ProRes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_422" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 422">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_4444" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 4444">4444</a></li></ul></li> <li>QuickTime <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Animation" title="QuickTime Animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Graphics" title="QuickTime Graphics">Graphics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealVideo" title="RealVideo">RealVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVideo" title="RTVideo">RTVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SheerVideo" title="SheerVideo">SheerVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorenson_Media" title="Sorenson Media">Sorenson Video/Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">Theora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(video_codec)" title="Thor (video codec)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ut_Video_Codec_Suite" title="Ut Video Codec Suite">Ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" title="Windows Media Video">WMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">XEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YULS" title="YULS">YULS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">Audio<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Layer II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">Multichannel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">MPEG-1 Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Surround" title="MPEG Surround">MPEG Surround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Lossless_Coding" title="Audio Lossless Coding">MPEG-4 ALS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_SLS" title="MPEG-4 SLS">MPEG-4 SLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD#DST" title="Super Audio CD">MPEG-4 DST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Vector_Excitation_Coding" title="Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding">MPEG-4 HVXC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">MPEG-4 CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">MPEG-D USAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G.711" title="G.711">G.711</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.718" title="G.718">G.718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.719" title="G.719">G.719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722" title="G.722">G.722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722.1" title="G.722.1">G.722.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">G.722.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723" title="G.723">G.723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723.1" title="G.723.1">G.723.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.726" title="G.726">G.726</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.728" title="G.728">G.728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729" title="G.729">G.729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729.1" title="G.729.1">G.729.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec" title="Internet Low Bitrate Codec">iLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speex" title="Speex">Speex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLAC" title="FLAC">FLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec">AMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">AMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Adaptive_Multi-Rate_%E2%80%93_Wideband" title="Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband">AMR-WB+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec">EVRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec_B" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec B">EVRC-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Voice_Services" title="Enhanced Voice Services">EVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Rate" title="Half Rate">GSM-HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Rate" title="Full Rate">GSM-FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_full_rate" title="Enhanced full rate">GSM-EFR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_Special_Interest_Group" title="Bluetooth Special Interest Group">Bluetooth SIG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SBC_(codec)" title="SBC (codec)">SBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LC3_(codec)" title="LC3 (codec)">LC3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P10</a>(GB/T 20090.10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P3</a>(GB/T 33475.3) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audio_Vivid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audio Vivid (page does not exist)">Audio Vivid</a>(GY/T 363)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a>(GB/T 22726)</li> <li>ExAC(SJ/T 11299.4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lossless_Audio_Codec" title="Apple Lossless Audio Codec">ALAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asao_(codec)" title="Asao (codec)">Asao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Transform_Acoustic_Coding" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding">ATRAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CELT" title="CELT">CELT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codec_2" title="Codec 2">Codec 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speech_Audio_Codec" title="Internet Speech Audio Codec">iSAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyra_(codec)" title="Lyra (codec)">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-excitation_linear_prediction" title="Mixed-excitation linear prediction">MELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey%27s_Audio" title="Monkey's Audio">Monkey's Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT9" title="MT9">MT9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musepack" title="Musepack">Musepack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OptimFROG" title="OptimFROG">OptimFROG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Sound_Quality" title="Original Sound Quality">OSQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Qualcomm code-excited linear prediction">QCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxed_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Relaxed code-excited linear prediction">RCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealAudio" title="RealAudio">RealAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_Audio#Sound_Designer_file_formats" title="Avid Audio">SD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorten_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorten file format">SHN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SILK" title="SILK">SILK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(codec)" title="Siren (codec)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectable_Mode_Vocoder" title="Selectable Mode Vocoder">SMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVOPC" title="SVOPC">SVOPC</a></li> <li>TTA <ul><li>True Audio</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TwinVQ" title="TwinVQ">TwinVQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-Rate_Multimode_Wideband" title="Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband">VMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_sum_excited_linear_prediction" title="Vector sum excited linear prediction">VSELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WavPack" title="WavPack">WavPack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">WMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Quality_Authenticated" title="Master Quality Authenticated">MQA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX" title="AptX">aptX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_HD" title="AptX">aptX HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Low_Latency" title="AptX">aptX Low Latency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Adaptive" title="AptX">aptX Adaptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDAC_(codec)" title="LDAC (codec)">LDAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)" title="LHDC (codec)">LHDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)#LLAC" title="LHDC (codec)">LLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">Image<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Photographic_Experts_Group" title="Joint Photographic Experts Group">JPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_compression" title="Group 4 compression">CCITT Group 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format#HEIC:_HEVC_in_HEIF" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIC / HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-LS" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-LS">JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="TIFF/IT">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR">EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format">FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_container_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital container format">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_elementary_stream" title="MPEG elementary stream">MPEG-ES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Packetized_elementary_stream" title="Packetized elementary stream">MPEG-PES</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">MPEG-PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG-TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_base_media_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC base media file format">ISO/IEC base media file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">MPEG-4 Part 14</a> (MP4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">MPEG-21 Part 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">MPEG media transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2#Systems" title="MPEG-2">H.222.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">T.802</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogg" title="Ogg">Ogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Exchange_Format" title="General Exchange Format">GXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_Exchange_Format" title="Material Exchange Format">MXF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3GP_and_3G2" title="3GP and 3G2">3GP and 3G2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMV_video_format" title="AMV video format">AMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Systems_Format" title="Advanced Systems Format">ASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Interchange_File_Format" title="Audio Interchange File Format">AIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">AVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au_file_format" title="Au file format">AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DivX#DivX_Media_Format_(DMF)" title="DivX">DivX Media Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_VOB" title="Enhanced VOB">EVO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">Flash Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_File_Format" title="Interchange File Format">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.m2ts" title=".m2ts">M2TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_File_Format" title="QuickTime File Format">QuickTime File Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">RatDVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealMedia" title="RealMedia">RealMedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Interchange_File_Format" title="Resource Interchange File Format">RIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOD_and_TOD" title="MOD and TOD">MOD and TOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOB" title="VOB">VOB, IFO and BUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NETVC" title="NETVC">NETVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Media" title="Alliance for Open Media">Alliance for Open Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entropy_encoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Entropy encoding">Entropy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_coding" title="Arithmetic coding">Arithmetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffman_coding" title="Huffman coding">Huffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_Huffman_coding" title="Modified Huffman coding">Modified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_predictive_coding" title="Linear predictive coding">LPC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_spectral_pairs" title="Line spectral pairs">LSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warped_linear_predictive_coding" title="Warped linear predictive coding">WLPC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_compression" title="Lossless compression">Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">Lossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78" title="LZ77 and LZ78">LZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DEFLATE" class="mw-redirect" title="DEFLATE">DEFLATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation">ADPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Differential pulse-code modulation">DPCM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_coding" title="Transform coding">Transforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform" title="Fast Fourier transform">FFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">MDCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavelet" title="Wavelet">Wavelet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daubechies_wavelet" title="Daubechies wavelet">Daubechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_wavelet_transform" title="Discrete wavelet transform">DWT</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_audio_coding_formats" title="Comparison of audio coding formats">Comparison of audio coding formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_video_codecs" title="Comparison of video codecs">Comparison of video codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_codecs" title="List of codecs">List of codecs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_methods" title="Template:Compression methods">Compression methods</a> for techniques and <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_software" title="Template:Compression software">Compression software</a> for codecs</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Graphics_file_formats441" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Graphics_file_formats" title="Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Graphics_file_formats" title="Template talk:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics_file_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Graphics_file_formats441" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format" title="Image file format">Graphics file formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">Raster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANI_(file_format)" title="ANI (file format)">ANI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANIM" title="ANIM">ANIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART_image_file_format" title="ART image file format">ART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSAVE" title="BSAVE">BSAVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALS_Raster_file_format" title="CALS Raster file format">CAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cineon" title="Cineon">CIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_Perceptual_Compression" title="Cartesian Perceptual Compression">CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPT_(file_format)" title="CPT (file format)">CPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectDraw_Surface" title="DirectDraw Surface">DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange">DPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECW_(file_format)" title="ECW (file format)">ECW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR">EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FITS" title="FITS">FITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLIC_(file_format)" title="FLIC (file format)">FLIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format">FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashPix" title="FlashPix">FPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDRi_(data_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="HDRi (data format)">HDRi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format">ICNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)">ICO/CUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Cytometry_Standard" title="Image Cytometry Standard">ICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILBM" title="ILBM">ILBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_Network_Graphics" title="JPEG Network Graphics">JNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_JPEG#JPEG_LS" title="Lossless JPEG">JPEG LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-HDR" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-HDR">JPEG-HDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krita" title="Krita">KRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magick_Image_File_Format" title="Magick Image File Format">MIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearly_raw_raster_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearly raw raster data">NRRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRaster" title="OpenRaster">ORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm#PAM_graphics_format" title="Netpbm">PAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm" title="Netpbm">PBM/PGM/PPM/PNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCX" title="PCX">PCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICtor_PIC_image_format" title="PICtor PIC image format">PICtor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop#PSD" title="Adobe Photoshop">PSD/PSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro">PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Raster" title="Sun Raster">RAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGBE_image_format" title="RGBE image format">RGBE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logluv_TIFF" title="Logluv TIFF">Logluv TIFF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image">SGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA">TGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format">TIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format#TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulead_PhotoImpact" title="Ulead PhotoImpact">UFO/UFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_BitMap" title="X BitMap">XBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)">XCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_PixMap" title="X PixMap">XPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xwd" title="Xwd">XWD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">Raw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format" title="Camera Image File Format">CIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative">DNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW#CDR_file_format" title="CorelDRAW">CDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF">DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Metafile">EMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMF%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF+">EMF+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerber_format" title="Gerber format">Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku_Vector_Icon_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiku Vector Icon Format">HVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile">WMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(graphics)" title="Xar (graphics)">Xar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format#Compound_formats" title="Image file format">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computable_Document_Format" title="Computable Document Format">CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript">EPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODCA" title="MODCA">MODCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language">XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Exchangeable image file format (<a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exif</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Press_Telecommunications_Council#Photo_metadata" title="International Press Telecommunications Council">International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform</a> (XMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF#Metadata" title="GIF">GIF § Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_na_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-article page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/16px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/23px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/31px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats" title="Comparison of graphics file formats">Comparison</a></b> 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