CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Dolby Digital - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"34e0ed76-08b3-4c3c-ad36-4994bb67ca2b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Dolby_Digital","wgTitle":"Dolby Digital","wgCurRevisionId":1263649489,"wgRevisionId":1263649489,"wgArticleId":82898,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from August 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use American English from December 2024","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Articles with obsolete information from September 2020","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Commons category link is on Wikidata","American inventions","Audio codecs", "Consumer electronics","Dolby Laboratories","Film sound production","High-definition television","Surround sound","Audiovisual introductions in 1986","Development organizations"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Dolby_Digital","wgRelevantArticleId":82898,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition": "interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q622624","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Dolby Digital - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Dolby_Digital rootpage-Dolby_Digital skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dolby+Digital" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dolby+Digital" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dolby+Digital" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dolby+Digital" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Versions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Versions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Versions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dolby_AC-3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolby_AC-3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dolby AC-3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolby_AC-3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolby_Digital_Surround_EX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolby_Digital_Surround_EX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dolby Digital Surround EX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolby_Digital_Surround_EX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolby_Digital_Live" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolby_Digital_Live"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dolby Digital Live</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolby_Digital_Live-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolby_Digital_Plus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolby_Digital_Plus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Dolby Digital Plus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolby_Digital_Plus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolby_AC-4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolby_AC-4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Dolby AC-4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolby_AC-4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolby_TrueHD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolby_TrueHD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Dolby TrueHD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolby_TrueHD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channel_configurations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channel_configurations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Channel configurations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channel_configurations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolby_technologies_in_packaged_media_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolby_technologies_in_packaged_media_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dolby technologies in packaged media formats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolby_technologies_in_packaged_media_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AC3RF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AC3RF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>AC3RF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AC3RF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_details" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Technical details</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-License" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#License"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>License</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-License-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle License subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-License-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Open_source_implementation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_source_implementation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Open source implementation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_source_implementation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dolby Digital</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="دولبي ديجيتال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دولبي ديجيتال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital_(AC-3)" title="Dolby Digital (AC-3) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dolby Digital (AC-3)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="دالبی دیجیتال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دالبی دیجیتال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%8C%EB%B9%84_%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8" title="돌비 디지털 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돌비 디지털" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2" title="डॉल्बी डिजिटल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डॉल्बी डिजिटल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C" title="דולבי דיגיטל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דולבי דיגיטל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB" title="ドルビーデジタル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドルビーデジタル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A/52" title="A/52 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="A/52" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="டால்பி டிஜிட்டல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டால்பி டிஜிட்டல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5" title="ดอลบีดิจิทัล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอลบีดิจิทัล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Dolby Digital" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%94%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC" title="杜比數碼 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="杜比數碼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%94%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="杜比数字 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杜比数字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q622624#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Dolby_Digital" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Dolby_Digital" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Dolby_Digital" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&oldid=1263649489" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Dolby_Digital&id=1263649489&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDolby_Digital"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDolby_Digital"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Dolby_Digital&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dolby_Digital" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q622624" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Audio compression technologies</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolby-Digital.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Dolby-Digital.svg/220px-Dolby-Digital.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Dolby-Digital.svg/330px-Dolby-Digital.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Dolby-Digital.svg/440px-Dolby-Digital.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="76" /></a><figcaption>Dolby Digital logo</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dolby Digital</b>, originally synonymous with <a href="#Dolby_AC-3">Dolby AC-3</a> (see below), is the name for a family of <a href="/wiki/Audio_compression_(data)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio compression (data)">audio compression</a> technologies developed by <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>. Called <b><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Stereo" title="Dolby Stereo">Dolby Stereo</a> Digital</b> until <a href="/wiki/1995_in_film" title="1995 in film">1995</a>, it is <a href="/wiki/Lossy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossy">lossy</a> compression (except for Dolby TrueHD). The first use of Dolby Digital was to provide digital sound in cinemas from 35 mm film prints. It has since also been used for TV broadcast, radio broadcast via satellite, digital video streaming, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVDs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> discs and game consoles. </p><p>Dolby AC-3 was the original version of the Dolby Digital codec. The basis of the Dolby AC-3 multi-channel <a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio coding standard">audio coding standard</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">modified discrete cosine transform</a> (MDCT), a <a href="/wiki/Lossy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossy">lossy</a> <a href="/wiki/Audio_compression_(data)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio compression (data)">audio compression</a> algorithm.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a modification of the <a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">discrete cosine transform</a> (DCT) algorithm, which was proposed by <a href="/wiki/N._Ahmed" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Ahmed">Nasir Ahmed</a> in 1972 for <a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image compression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahmed_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmed-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DCT was adapted into the MDCT by J.P. Princen, A.W. Johnson and Alan B. Bradley at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Surrey" title="University of Surrey">University of Surrey</a> in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a> adapted the MDCT algorithm along with <a href="/wiki/Perceptual_coding" class="mw-redirect" title="Perceptual coding">perceptual coding</a> principles to develop the AC-3 audio format for <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">cinema</a>. The AC-3 format was released as the Dolby Digital standard in February 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby Digital was the earliest MDCT-based audio compression standard released, and was followed by others for home and portable usage, such as <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>'s <a href="/wiki/ATRAC" title="ATRAC">ATRAC</a> (1992), the <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> standard (1993) and <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a> (1997).<sup id="cite_ref-Luo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cinema">Cinema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">factual accuracy</a> may be compromised due to out-of-date information</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a></i> was the very first movie to be announced as using Dolby SR-D (Spectral Recording-Digital) technology when it premiered in all selected movie theaters in the summer of 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby Digital cinema soundtracks are optically recorded on a <a href="/wiki/35mm_movie_film" class="mw-redirect" title="35mm movie film">35 mm</a> <a href="/wiki/Release_print" title="Release print">release print</a> using sequential data blocks placed between every perforation hole on the soundtrack side of the film. A constant bit rate of <span class="nowrap">320 kbit/s</span> is used. A <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">charge-coupled device</a> (CCD) scanner in the <a href="/wiki/Image_projector" class="mw-redirect" title="Image projector">image projector</a> picks up a scanned video image of this area, and a processor correlates the image area and extracts the digital data as an AC-3 <a href="/wiki/Bitstream" title="Bitstream">bitstream</a>. The data is then decoded into a 5.1 channel audio source. All film prints with Dolby Digital data also have <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Stereo" title="Dolby Stereo">Dolby Stereo</a> analog soundtracks using Dolby SR noise reduction and such prints are known as Dolby SR-D prints. The analog soundtrack provides a fall-back option in case of damage to the data area or failure of the digital decoding; it also provides compatibility with projectors not equipped with digital soundheads. Almost all modern cinema prints are of this type and may also include <a href="/wiki/SDDS" class="mw-redirect" title="SDDS">SDDS</a> data and a timecode track to synchronize CD-ROMs carrying <a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a> soundtracks. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolby_Digital_track_reader.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dolby_Digital_track_reader.jpg/220px-Dolby_Digital_track_reader.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dolby_Digital_track_reader.jpg/330px-Dolby_Digital_track_reader.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dolby_Digital_track_reader.jpg/440px-Dolby_Digital_track_reader.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>A Dolby Digital Penthouse Soundhead mounted on a mid-1950s vintage Kalee model 20 projector</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:35mm_film_audio_macro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/35mm_film_audio_macro.jpg/220px-35mm_film_audio_macro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/35mm_film_audio_macro.jpg/330px-35mm_film_audio_macro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/35mm_film_audio_macro.jpg/440px-35mm_film_audio_macro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="1393" /></a><figcaption>A photo of a 35 mm film print featuring all four audio formats (or <i>quad track</i>) - from left to right: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Sound" title="Sony Dynamic Digital Sound">Sony Dynamic Digital Sound</a> (SDDS) (blue area to the left of the sprocket holes), Dolby Digital (grey area between the sprocket holes labelled with the Dolby <i>Double-D</i> logo in the middle), analog optical sound (the two white lines to the right of the sprocket holes), and the <a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Time code">time code</a> (the dashed line to the far right)</figcaption></figure> <p>The simplest way of converting existing projectors is to add a so-called <i>penthouse</i> digital soundhead above the projector head. However, for new projectors it made sense to use dual analog/digital soundheads in the normal optical soundhead position under the projector head. To allow for the dual-soundhead arrangement the data is recorded 26 frames ahead of the picture. If a penthouse soundhead is used, the data must be delayed in the processor for the required amount of time, around 2 seconds. This delay can be adjusted in steps of the time between perforations, (approximately 10.4 ms). </p><p>Dolby Digital remains the predominant sound mixing format for movies, despite the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Surround_7.1" title="Dolby Surround 7.1">Dolby Surround 7.1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Atmos" title="Dolby Atmos">Dolby Atmos</a> in 2010 and 2012, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions">Versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dolby Digital<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has similar technologies, included in Dolby Digital EX,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby Digital Live,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby Digital Plus,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby Digital Surround EX,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby Digital Recording,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby Digital Cinema,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby Digital Stereo Creator<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Dolby Digital 5.1 Creator.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dolby_AC-3">Dolby AC-3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dolby AC-3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">Dolby AC-3</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> .ac3</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> audio/ac3</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">public.ac3-audio<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolbytrailerdvd07.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Dolbytrailerdvd07.png/220px-Dolbytrailerdvd07.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0d/Dolbytrailerdvd07.png 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="136" /></a><figcaption>The former Dolby Digital logo, entitled "Aurora", that was sometimes shown at the start of broadcasts, feature films, and video games</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolby_Digital_old_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dolby_Digital_old_logo.svg/220px-Dolby_Digital_old_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dolby_Digital_old_logo.svg/330px-Dolby_Digital_old_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dolby_Digital_old_logo.svg/440px-Dolby_Digital_old_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="56" /></a><figcaption>The old Dolby Digital logo</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dolby AC-3</b> (a <a href="/wiki/Backronym" title="Backronym">backronym</a> for Audio Codec 3, Advanced Codec 3, or Acoustic Coder 3), also known as <b><a href="/wiki/ATSC" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC">ATSC</a> A/52</b> (name of the standard)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or simply <b>Dolby Digital</b> (<b>DD</b>), is the common version containing up to six discrete channels of sound. Before 1996 it was marketed as <b>Dolby Surround AC-3</b>, <b>Dolby Stereo Digital</b>, and <b>Dolby SRD</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most elaborate mode of this codec in common use involves five channels for normal-range speakers (<span class="nowrap">20 Hz – 20,000 Hz</span>) (right, center, left, right surround, left surround) and one channel (<span class="nowrap">20 Hz – 120 Hz</span> allotted audio) for the <a href="/wiki/Subwoofer" title="Subwoofer">subwoofer</a> driven <a href="/wiki/Low-frequency_effects" title="Low-frequency effects">low-frequency effects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Monaural" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaural">Mono</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo">stereo</a> modes are also supported. AC-3 supports audio sample rates up to 48 kHz. </p><p>In 1991, a limited experimental release of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_VI:_The_Undiscovered_Country" title="Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country">Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country</a></i> in Dolby Digital played in 3 US theatres.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992, <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a></i> was the very first movie to be released and presented in Dolby Digital.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, the <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> version of <i><a href="/wiki/Clear_and_Present_Danger_(film)" title="Clear and Present Danger (film)">Clear and Present Danger</a></i> featured the very first <a href="/wiki/Home_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Home theater">home theater</a> Dolby Digital mix, quickly followed by <i><a href="/wiki/True_Lies" title="True Lies">True Lies</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_(film)" title="Stargate (film)">Stargate</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Interview_with_the_Vampire_(film)" title="Interview with the Vampire (film)">Interview with the Vampire</a></i> among others.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dolby_Digital_Surround_EX">Dolby Digital Surround EX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dolby Digital Surround EX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dolby Digital Surround EX (sometimes shortened to Dolby Digital EX) is similar to Dolby's earlier <a href="/wiki/Pro_Logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro Logic">Pro Logic</a> format, which utilized <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(sound_recording)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrix (sound recording)">matrix</a> technology to add a <a href="/wiki/Center_surround_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Center surround channel">center surround channel</a> and single rear surround channel to stereo soundtracks.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EX adds an extension to the standard <a href="/wiki/5.1" class="mw-redirect" title="5.1">5.1</a> channel Dolby Digital codec in the form of matrixed rear channels, creating <a href="/wiki/6.1" class="mw-redirect" title="6.1">6.1</a> or 7.1 channel output. </p><p>It provides an economical and backwards-compatible means for 5.1 soundtracks to carry a sixth, center-back surround channel for improved localization of effects. The <a href="/wiki/Extra_surround_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra surround channel">extra surround channel</a> is matrix encoded onto the discrete <i>left surround</i> and <i>right surround</i> channels of the 5.1 mix, much like the front <a href="/wiki/Center_channel" title="Center channel">center channel</a> on Dolby Pro Logic encoded stereo soundtracks. The result can be played without loss of information on standard 5.1 systems or played in 6.1 or 7.1 on systems with Surround EX decoding and added speakers. A number of DVDs have a Dolby Digital Surround EX audio option. </p><p>The theater version of <i>Dolby Digital Surround EX</i> was introduced in 1999, when Dolby and <a href="/wiki/THX" title="THX">THX</a>, a division of <a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Lucasfilm Ltd.">Lucasfilm Ltd.</a>, co-developed <i>Dolby Digital Surround EX</i>™ for the release of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolby Digital Surround EX has since been used on the DVD releases of the <i>Star Wars</i> prequel and original trilogies.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolby_Near.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dolby_Near.JPG/170px-Dolby_Near.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dolby_Near.JPG/255px-Dolby_Near.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dolby_Near.JPG/340px-Dolby_Near.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="2153" /></a><figcaption>A Dolby home theater badge on a laptop computer</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dolby_Digital_Live">Dolby Digital Live</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dolby Digital Live"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dolby Digital Live (DDL) is a real-time encoding technology for interactive media such as video games. It converts any audio signals on a PC or game console into a 5.1-channel 16-bit/48 kHz Dolby Digital format at <span class="nowrap">640 kbit/s</span> and transports it via a single <a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a> cable.<sup id="cite_ref-DDL_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDL-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar technology known as <a href="/wiki/DTS_Connect" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS Connect">DTS Connect</a> is available from competitor <a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a>. An important benefit of this technology is that it enables the use of digital multichannel sound with consumer sound cards, which are otherwise limited to digital <a href="/wiki/PCM" class="mw-redirect" title="PCM">PCM</a> stereo or analog multichannel sound because S/PDIF over RCA, BNC, and TOSLINK can only support two-channel PCM, Dolby Digital multichannel audio, and DTS multichannel audio. <a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a> was later introduced, and it can carry uncompressed multichannel PCM, lossless compressed multichannel audio, and lossy compressed digital audio. However, Dolby Digital Live is still useful with HDMI to allow transport of multichannel audio over HDMI to devices that are unable to handle uncompressed multichannel PCM. </p><p>Dolby Digital Live is available in sound cards using various manufacturers' audio chipsets. The <a href="/wiki/SoundStorm" title="SoundStorm">SoundStorm</a>, used for the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a> game console and certain <a href="/wiki/NForce2" title="NForce2">nForce2</a> motherboards, used an early form of this technology. DDL is available on motherboards with codecs such as <a href="/wiki/Realtek" title="Realtek">Realtek</a>'s ALC882D,<sup id="cite_ref-ddl882_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ddl882-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ALC888DD and ALC888H. Other examples include some <a href="/wiki/C-Media" title="C-Media">C-Media</a> PCI sound cards and Creative Labs' X-Fi and Z series sound cards, whose drivers have enabled support for DDL. </p><p>NVIDIA later decided to drop DDL support in their motherboards due to the cost of involved royalties, leaving an empty space in this regard in the sound cards market. Then in June 2005 came <a href="/wiki/Auzentech" title="Auzentech">Auzentech</a>, which with its X-Mystique PCI card, provided the first consumer sound card with Dolby Digital Live support. </p><p>Initially, no Creative X-Fi-based sound cards supported DDL (2005~2007) but a collaboration of Creative and <a href="/wiki/Auzentech" title="Auzentech">Auzentech</a> resulted in the development of the Auzentech Prelude, the first X-Fi card to support DDL. Originally planned to extend DDL support to all X-Fi-based sound cards (except the 'Xtreme Audio' line which is incapable of DDL hardware implementation), the plan was dropped because Dolby licensing would have required a royalty payment for all X-Fi cards and, problematically, those already sold.<sup id="cite_ref-DDL_license_issue_of_X-Fi_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDL_license_issue_of_X-Fi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, Creative released the X-Fi Titanium series of sound cards which fully supports Dolby Digital Live while leaving all PCI versions of Creative X-Fi still lacking support for DDL. </p><p>Since September 2008, all Creative X-Fi-based sound cards support DDL (except the 'Xtreme Audio' and its derivatives such as Prodigy 7.1e, which is incapable of DDL in hardware). <a href="/wiki/X-Fi_(audio_chip)" class="mw-redirect" title="X-Fi (audio chip)">X-Fi</a>'s case differs. </p><p>While they forgot about the plan, programmer Daniel Kawakami made a hot issue by applying Auzentech Prelude DDL module back to Creative X-Fi cards by disguising the hardware identity as Auzentech Prelude.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Creative Labs alleged Kawakami violated their intellectual property and demanded he cease distributing his modified drivers.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BrokenBlaster_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrokenBlaster-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-daniel_k_2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daniel_k_2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually Creative struck an agreement with Dolby Laboratories regarding the Dolby license royalty by arranging that the licensing cost be folded into the purchase price of the Creative X-Fi PCI cards rather than as a royalty paid by Creative themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-DDL_license_issue_of_X-Fi_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDL_license_issue_of_X-Fi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the agreement, in September 2008 Creative began selling the <i>Dolby Digital Live</i> packs enabling Dolby Digital Live on Creative's X-Fi PCI series of sound cards. It can be purchased and downloaded from Creative. Subsequently, Creative added their <i>DTS Connect</i> pack to the DDL pack at no added cost.<sup id="cite_ref-Dolby_Digital_Live_pack_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolby_Digital_Live_pack-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dolby_Digital_Plus">Dolby Digital Plus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dolby Digital Plus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital_Plus" title="Dolby Digital Plus">Dolby Digital Plus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">Dolby E-AC-3</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><div class="monospaced"> audio/eac3</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">public.enhanced-ac3-audio<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>E-AC-3 (Dolby Digital Plus) is an enhanced coding system based on the AC-3 <a href="/wiki/Codec" title="Codec">codec</a>. It offers increased <a href="/wiki/Bitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitrate">bitrates</a> (up to <span class="nowrap">6.144 Mbit/s</span>), support for even more <a href="/wiki/Audio_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio channel">audio channels</a> (up to 15.1 discrete channels<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the future), and improved coding techniques (only at low data rates) to reduce <a href="/wiki/Compression_artifacts" class="mw-redirect" title="Compression artifacts">compression artifacts</a>, enabling lower data rates than those supported by AC-3 (e.g. 5.1-channel audio at <span class="nowrap">256 kbit/s</span>). It is not backward compatible with existing AC-3 hardware, though E-AC-3 <a href="/wiki/Codec" title="Codec">codecs</a> generally are capable of <a href="/wiki/Transcoding" title="Transcoding">transcoding</a> to AC-3 for equipment connected via <a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a>. E-AC-3 decoders can also decode AC-3 bitstreams. The fourth generation Apple TV supports E-AC-3.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discontinued <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a> system directly supported E-AC-3. <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray Disc">Blu-ray Disc</a> offers E-AC-3 as an option to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/graft" class="extiw" title="wikt:graft">graft</a> added channels onto an otherwise <a href="/wiki/5.1" class="mw-redirect" title="5.1">5.1</a> AC-3 stream, as well as for delivery of secondary audio content (e.g. director's commentary) that is intended to be mixed with the primary audio soundtrack in the Blu-ray Disc player. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dolby_AC-4">Dolby AC-4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dolby AC-4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">Dolby AC-4</a></div> <p>Dolby AC-4 is an audio compression standard supporting multiple audio channels and/or audio objects. Support for 5.1 channel audio is mandatory and additional channels up to 7.1.4 are optional.<sup id="cite_ref-DolbyAC4ServicesJune2015Dolby_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DolbyAC4ServicesJune2015Dolby-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AC-4 provides a 50% reduction in bit rate over AC-3/<a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital_Plus" title="Dolby Digital Plus">Dolby Digital Plus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DolbyAC4ServicesJune2015Dolby_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DolbyAC4ServicesJune2015Dolby-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dolby_TrueHD">Dolby TrueHD</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Dolby TrueHD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dolby_TrueHD" title="Dolby TrueHD">Dolby TrueHD</a></div> <p>Dolby TrueHD, developed by Dolby Laboratories, is an advanced lossless audio codec based on <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Lossless_Packing" title="Meridian Lossless Packing">Meridian Lossless Packing</a>. Support for the codec was mandatory for HD DVD and is optional for <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray Disc">Blu-ray Disc</a> hardware. Dolby TrueHD supports 24-bit bit depths and sample rates up to 192 kHz. Maximum bitrate is <span class="nowrap">18 Mbit/s</span> while it supports up to 16 audio channels (HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc standards currently limit the maximum number of audio channels to eight). It supports metadata, including dialog normalization and Dynamic Range Control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Channel_configurations">Channel configurations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Channel configurations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although commonly associated with the 5.1 channel configuration, Dolby Digital allows a number of different channel selections. The options are: </p> <ul><li>Dolby Digital 1/0 – Mono (center only)</li> <li>Dolby Digital 2/0 – 2-channel stereo (left + right), optionally carrying matrixed Dolby Surround</li> <li>Dolby Digital 3/0 – 3-channel stereo (left, center, right)</li> <li>Dolby Digital 2/1 – 2-channel stereo with mono surround (left, right, surround)</li> <li>Dolby Digital 3/1 – 3-channel stereo with mono surround (left, center, right, surround)</li> <li>Dolby Digital 2/2 – 4-channel quadraphonic (left, right, left surround, right surround)</li> <li>Dolby Digital 3/2 – <a href="/wiki/5.1_surround_sound" title="5.1 surround sound">5-channel surround</a> (left, center, right, left surround, right surround)</li></ul> <p>These configurations optionally include the extra <a href="/wiki/Low-frequency_effects" title="Low-frequency effects">low-frequency effects</a> (LFE) channel, but only if at least three channels are present.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last two with stereo surrounds can optionally use Dolby Digital EX matrix encoding to add an extra Rear Surround channel, indicated via a 2-bit flag. </p><p>Many Dolby Digital decoders are equipped with <a href="/wiki/Downmixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Downmixing">downmixing</a> to distribute encoded channels to speakers. This includes such functions as playing surround information through the front speakers if surround speakers are unavailable and distributing the <a href="/wiki/Center_channel" title="Center channel">center channel</a> to left and right if no center speaker is available. When outputting to separate equipment over a 2-channel connection, a Dolby Digital decoder can optionally encode the output using Dolby Surround to preserve surround information. </p><p>The '.1' in 5.1, 7.1, etc. refers to the LFE channel, which is also a discrete channel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dolby Digital audio is used on DVD-Video and other purely digital media, like home cinema. In this format, the AC-3 bitstream is interleaved with the video and control bitstreams. </p><p>The system is used in bandwidth-limited applications other than DVD-Video, such as digital TV. The AC-3 standard allows a maximum coded bit rate of <span class="nowrap">640 kbit/s</span>. 35 mm film prints use a fixed rate of <span class="nowrap">320 kbit/s</span>, which is the same as the maximum bit rate for 2-channel <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a>. DVD-Video discs are limited to <span class="nowrap">448 kbit/s</span>, although many players can successfully play higher-rate bitstreams (which are non-compliant with the DVD specification). HD DVD limits AC-3 to <span class="nowrap">448 kbit/s</span>. <a href="/wiki/ATSC" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC">ATSC</a> and digital cable standards limit AC-3 to <span class="nowrap">448 kbit/s</span>. Blu-ray Disc, the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox game console can output an AC-3 signal at a full <span class="nowrap">640 kbit/s</span>. Some Sony PlayStation 2 console games are able to output AC-3 standard audio as well, primarily during pre-rendered cutscenes. </p><p>Dolby is part of a group of organizations involved in the development of <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a> (Advanced Audio Coding), part of MPEG specifications, and considered the successor to MP3. </p><p>Dolby Digital Plus (DD-Plus) and TrueHD are supported in HD-DVD, as mandatory codecs, and in Blu-ray Disc, as optional codecs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dolby_technologies_in_packaged_media_formats">Dolby technologies in packaged media formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dolby technologies in packaged media formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray Disc">Blu-ray Disc</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD-Video</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Codec </th> <th>Player support </th> <th>Channels (max) </th> <th>Max bit rate </th> <th>Player support </th> <th>Channels (max) </th> <th>Max bit rate </th> <th>Player support </th> <th>Channels (max) </th> <th>Max bit rate </th> <th>Player support </th> <th>Channels (max) </th> <th>Max bit rate </th> <th>Player support </th> <th>Channels (max) </th> <th>Max bit rate </th></tr> <tr> <td>Dolby Digital </td> <td rowspan="3">Mandatory </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">504 kbit/s</span> </td> <td>Mandatory </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">640 kbit/s</span> </td> <td>Mandatory </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">448 kbit/s</span> </td> <td>Optional in video zone for playback compatibility on DVD-Video players </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">448 kbit/s</span> </td> <td>Optional </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">384 kbit/s</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital_Plus" title="Dolby Digital Plus">Dolby Digital Plus</a> </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">3 Mbit/s</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Optional </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">1.7 Mbit/s</span> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">N/A</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dolby_TrueHD" title="Dolby TrueHD">Dolby TrueHD</a> </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">18 Mbit/s</span> </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">18 Mbit/s</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="AC3RF">AC3RF</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: AC3RF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the LaserDisc world <i>AC3RF</i> is the term widely placed on connectors of players that support Dolby Digital.<sup id="cite_ref-lddb.com_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lddb.com-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specific demodulators and receivers from the <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> era (1990s thru early 2000s) also include placement of this term on connectors.<sup id="cite_ref-lddb.com_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lddb.com-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> titles with Dolby Digital tracks often have the <a href="/wiki/THX" title="THX">THX</a> logo on their covers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Technical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The data layout of AC-3 is described by simplified "<a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>-like" language in official specifications. An AC-3 stream is a series of frames; the frame size code is used along with the sample rate code to determine the number of (2-byte) words before the next syncword. Channel blocks can be either long, in which case the entire block is processed as single <a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">modified discrete cosine transform</a>, or short, in which case two half-length transforms are performed on the block. Below is a simplified AC-3 header. A detailed description is in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/A52-201212-17.pdf">ATSC "Digital Audio Compression (AC-3) (E-AC-3) Standard"</a>, section 5.4. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Field Name </th> <th># of bits </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Syncword" title="Syncword">Syncword</a> </th> <td>16 </td> <td>0x0B77, data transmission is left bit first: <a href="/wiki/Big_endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Big endian">big endian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check" title="Cyclic redundancy check">Cyclic redundancy check</a> </th> <td>16 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sampling_frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampling frequency">Sampling frequency</a> </th> <td>2 </td> <td>'11'=reserved '10'=32 kHz '01'=44.1 '00'=48 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Frame size code </th> <td>6 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bit stream identification </th> <td>5 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bit stream mode </th> <td>3 </td> <td>'000'=main audio service </td></tr> <tr> <th>Audio coding mode </th> <td>3 </td> <td>'010'=left, right channel ordering </td></tr> <tr> <th>Center mix level </th> <td>2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Surround mix level </th> <td>2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dolby Surround mode </th> <td>2 </td> <td>'00'=not indicated '01'= Not surround encoded '10'= Yes, surround encoded </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="License">License</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: License"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AC3 was covered by patents that expired in March 2017. Patents were used to ask to pay a commercial license to publish an application that decodes AC3. This led some audio app developers to ban AC3 from their apps, although the open source <a href="/wiki/VLC_media_player" title="VLC media player">VLC media player</a> supported AC-3 audio without having paid a patent license fee.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Dolby's 2005 original and amended S-1 filings with the SEC, Dolby acknowledged that "Patents relating to our Dolby Digital technologies expire between 2008 and 2017."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last patent covering AC-3 expired March 20, 2017, rendering it free to use.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_source_implementation">Open source implementation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Open source implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A free ATSC A/52 (AC3) stream decoder, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liba52.sourceforge.net/">liba52</a>, is available under the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a>. <a href="/wiki/FFmpeg" title="FFmpeg">FFmpeg</a> and the VLC media player each include code for handling AC-3. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-Media" title="C-Media">C-Media</a> – producer of DDL audio chipsets used in many sound cards and motherboards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialnorm" title="Dialnorm">Dialnorm</a> – Dolby Digital metadata parameter controlling decoder gain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a> – company history and technology development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_noise-reduction_system" title="Dolby noise-reduction system">Dolby noise-reduction system</a> – analogue recording on magnetic tape, including <a href="/wiki/Compact_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact cassette">compact cassette</a> tapes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Stereo" title="Dolby Stereo">Dolby Stereo</a> – first active matrix analog surround sound format</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_SR" title="Dolby SR">Dolby SR</a> – Recording process, noise reduction and expander with superior fidelity over earlier A-type system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Surround" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Surround">Dolby Surround</a> – Marketed consumer name of the theatrical Dolby Stereo analog surround format</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic" title="Dolby Pro Logic">Dolby Pro Logic</a> – Reference active 2:4 matrix decoding system used on Dolby Stereo soundtracks and Dolby Surround [after 1987]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_TrueHD" title="Dolby TrueHD">Dolby TrueHD</a> – lossless codec for HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_E" title="Dolby E">Dolby E</a> – allows 6 to 8 channels of audio to be compressed into an <a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">AES3</a> digital audio stream</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS (sound system)</a> – formerly Digital Theater Systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">Home cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">Loudspeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoundStorm" title="SoundStorm">SoundStorm</a> – a real-time AC-3 encoder included in certain <a href="/wiki/NForce2" title="NForce2">nForce2</a> motherboards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/THX" title="THX">THX</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndersenCrockettDavidsonDavis2004" class="citation journal cs1">Andersen, Robert Loring; Crockett, Brett Graham; Davidson, Grant A.; Davis, Mark Franklin; Fielder, Louis D.; Turner, Stephen C.; Vinton, Mark S.; Williams, Phillip (October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dolby.com/in/en/technologies/aes-convention-paper-intro-to-dolby-digital-plus.pdf">"Introduction to Dolby Digital Plus, an Enhancement to the Dolby Digital Coding System"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society Convention</a></i> (117th AES Convention): 1–29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Audio+Engineering+Society+Convention&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Dolby+Digital+Plus%2C+an+Enhancement+to+the+Dolby+Digital+Coding+System&rft.issue=117th+AES+Convention&rft.pages=1-29&rft.date=2004-10&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=Robert+Loring&rft.au=Crockett%2C+Brett+Graham&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Grant+A.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Mark+Franklin&rft.au=Fielder%2C+Louis+D.&rft.au=Turner%2C+Stephen+C.&rft.au=Vinton%2C+Mark+S.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fin%2Fen%2Ftechnologies%2Faes-convention-paper-intro-to-dolby-digital-plus.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmed-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmed_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed1991" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/N._Ahmed" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Ahmed">Ahmed, Nasir</a> (January 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783-2017/DCT-History.pdf">"How I Came Up With the Discrete Cosine Transform"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Digital_Signal_Processing_(journal)" title="Digital Signal Processing (journal)">Digital Signal Processing</a></i>. <b>1</b> (1): 4–5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991DSP.....1....4A">1991DSP.....1....4A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F1051-2004%2891%2990086-Z">10.1016/1051-2004(91)90086-Z</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Signal+Processing&rft.atitle=How+I+Came+Up+With+the+Discrete+Cosine+Transform&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4-5&rft.date=1991-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F1051-2004%2891%2990086-Z&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991DSP.....1....4A&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Nasir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cse.iitd.ac.in%2F~pkalra%2Fcol783-2017%2FDCT-History.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrincenJohnsonBradley1987" class="citation book cs1">Princen, J.P.; Johnson, A.W.; Bradley, Alan B. (1987). "Subband/Transform coding using filter bank designs based on time domain aliasing cancellation". <i>ICASSP '87. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing</i>. Vol. 12. pp. 2161–2164. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FICASSP.1987.1169405">10.1109/ICASSP.1987.1169405</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:58446992">58446992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Subband%2FTransform+coding+using+filter+bank+designs+based+on+time+domain+aliasing+cancellation&rft.btitle=ICASSP+%2787.+IEEE+International+Conference+on+Acoustics%2C+Speech%2C+and+Signal+Processing&rft.pages=2161-2164&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FICASSP.1987.1169405&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A58446992%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Princen&rft.aufirst=J.P.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A.W.&rft.au=Bradley%2C+Alan+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritanak2011" class="citation journal cs1">Britanak, V. (2011). "On Properties, Relations, and Simplified Implementation of Filter Banks in the Dolby Digital (Plus) AC-3 Audio Coding Standards". <i>IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing</i>. <b>19</b> (5): 1231–1241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTASL.2010.2087755">10.1109/TASL.2010.2087755</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:897622">897622</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Audio%2C+Speech%2C+and+Language+Processing&rft.atitle=On+Properties%2C+Relations%2C+and+Simplified+Implementation+of+Filter+Banks+in+the+Dolby+Digital+%28Plus%29+AC-3+Audio+Coding+Standards&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1231-1241&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTASL.2010.2087755&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A897622%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Britanak&rft.aufirst=V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060318071657/http://www.film-tech.com/warehouse/manuals/DOLBYCHRONOLOGY.pdf">"A Chronology of Dolby Laboratories: May 1965-May 1998"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Film-Tech</i>. Dolby. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.film-tech.com/warehouse/manuals/DOLBYCHRONOLOGY.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 March 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Film-Tech&rft.atitle=A+Chronology+of+Dolby+Laboratories%3A+May+1965-May+1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.film-tech.com%2Fwarehouse%2Fmanuals%2FDOLBYCHRONOLOGY.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luo-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Luo_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuo2008" class="citation book cs1">Luo, Fa-Long (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l6PovWat8SMC&pg=PA590"><i>Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting Standards: Technology and Practice</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science_%26_Business_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science & Business Media">Springer Science & Business Media</a>. p. 590. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780387782638" title="Special:BookSources/9780387782638"><bdi>9780387782638</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mobile+Multimedia+Broadcasting+Standards%3A+Technology+and+Practice&rft.pages=590&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780387782638&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=Fa-Long&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl6PovWat8SMC%26pg%3DPA590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher1992" class="citation news cs1">Fisher, Lawrence M. (12 August 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/12/business/company-news-a-sound-idea-dolby-theater-format-adapted-to-home-uses.html?ref=dolbylaboratoriesinc">"COMPANY NEWS: A Sound Idea; Dolby Theater Format Adapted to Home Uses"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=COMPANY+NEWS%3A+A+Sound+Idea%3B+Dolby+Theater+Format+Adapted+to+Home+Uses&rft.date=1992-08-12&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F08%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fcompany-news-a-sound-idea-dolby-theater-format-adapted-to-home-uses.html%3Fref%3Ddolbylaboratoriesinc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-digital.html">"Dolby – Dolby Digital Details"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+%E2%80%93+Dolby+Digital+Details&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Ftechnologies%2Fdolby-digital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090227084055/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby_ex.html">"Dolby – What is Dolby Digital EX?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby_ex.html">the original</a> on 2009-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+%E2%80%93+What+is+Dolby+Digital+EX%3F&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Ftechnology%2Fdolby_ex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210092357/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby_live.html">"Dolby – What is Dolby Digital Live?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby_live.html">the original</a> on 2009-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+%E2%80%93+What+is+Dolby+Digital+Live%3F&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Ftechnology%2Fdolby_live.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-digital-plus.html.html">"Dolby – Dolby Digital Plus Details"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+%E2%80%93+Dolby+Digital+Plus+Details&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Ftechnologies%2Fdolby-digital-plus.html.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140614040932/http://www.dolby.com/us/en/consumer/technology/movie/dolby-surround-7-1.html">"Dolby – What is Dolby Digital Surround EX?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/us/en/consumer/technology/movie/dolby-surround-7-1.html">the original</a> on 2014-06-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+%E2%80%93+What+is+Dolby+Digital+Surround+EX%3F&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Fconsumer%2Ftechnology%2Fmovie%2Fdolby-surround-7-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111010062942/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/creation/dolby-digital-recording.html">"Dolby – What is Dolby Digital Recording?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/understand/creation/dolby-digital-recording.html">the original</a> on 2011-10-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+%E2%80%93+What+is+Dolby+Digital+Recording%3F&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Funderstand%2Fcreation%2Fdolby-digital-recording.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309010006/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby-digital-cinema-details.html">"Dolby – Dolby Digital Cinema Details"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby-digital-cinema-details.html">the original</a> on 2012-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+%E2%80%93+Dolby+Digital+Cinema+Details&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Ftechnology%2Fdolby-digital-cinema-details.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309010003/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby-digital-stereo-creator-details.html">"Dolby – Dolby Digital Stereo Creator Details"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby-digital-stereo-creator-details.html">the original</a> on 2012-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+%E2%80%93+Dolby+Digital+Stereo+Creator+Details&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Ftechnology%2Fdolby-digital-stereo-creator-details.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309005951/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby_creator.html">"Dolby – What is Dolby Digital 5.1 Creator?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby_creator.html">the original</a> on 2012-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+%E2%80%93+What+is+Dolby+Digital+5.1+Creator%3F&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Ftechnology%2Fdolby_creator.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/avfoundation/avfiletypeac3">"AVFileTypeAC3"</a>. <i>Apple Developer Documentation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Inc">Apple Inc</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+Developer+Documentation&rft.atitle=AVFileTypeAC3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Fdocumentation%2Favfoundation%2Favfiletypeac3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918151932/http://atsc.org/cms/index.php/standards/published-standards/48-atsc-a52-standard">"A/52B: Digital Audio Compression (AC-3) (E-AC-3) Standard, Rev. B"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee" title="Advanced Television Systems Committee">Advanced Television Systems Committee</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atsc.org/cms/index.php/standards/published-standards/48-atsc-a52-standard">the original</a> on 2010-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A%2F52B%3A+Digital+Audio+Compression+%28AC-3%29+%28E-AC-3%29+Standard%2C+Rev.+B&rft.pub=Advanced+Television+Systems+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsc.org%2Fcms%2Findex.php%2Fstandards%2Fpublished-standards%2F48-atsc-a52-standard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spannerworks.net/reference/10_3a.asp">"Movie Sound Chronology"</a>. <i>spannerworks.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spannerworks.net&rft.atitle=Movie+Sound+Chronology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spannerworks.net%2Freference%2F10_3a.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/Assets/US/Doc/Professional/42_DDFAQ.pdf">"Dolby-Frequently Asked Questions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby-Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Dolby+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2FuploadedFiles%2FAssets%2FUS%2FDoc%2FProfessional%2F42_DDFAQ.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dolby.com/us/en/about/history.html">"History: 50 YEARS OF INNOVATION"</a>. <i>Dolby Laboratories</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dolby+Laboratories&rft.atitle=History%3A+50+YEARS+OF+INNOVATION&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1992/05/13/batman-returns-to-try-double-dolby/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Batman Returns' To Try Double Dolby"</a>. <i>The Chicago Tribune</i>. May 13, 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=%27Batman+Returns%27+To+Try+Double+Dolby&rft.date=1992-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1992%2F05%2F13%2Fbatman-returns-to-try-double-dolby%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lddb.com/list.php?format=ld&list=ac3&start=75&sort=date,asc">"Laserdisc Database Search By Date"</a>. <i>Laserdisc Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laserdisc+Database&rft.atitle=Laserdisc+Database+Search+By+Date&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lddb.com%2Flist.php%3Fformat%3Dld%26list%3Dac3%26start%3D75%26sort%3Ddate%2Casc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lddb.com/laserdisc/21521/LV-32463-2WS/Clear-and-Present-Danger">"LaserDisc Database Clear and Present Danger"</a>. <i>LaserDisc Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LaserDisc+Database&rft.atitle=LaserDisc+Database+Clear+and+Present+Danger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lddb.com%2Flaserdisc%2F21521%2FLV-32463-2WS%2FClear-and-Present-Danger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aes2.org/publications/par/num/">"Pro Audio Reference"</a>. 6.1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pro+Audio+Reference&rft.pages=6.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faes2.org%2Fpublications%2Fpar%2Fnum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investor.dolby.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?releaseid=164165">"Dolby Launches Dolby Digital Cinema in Theatres Worldwide with Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith"</a>. <i>Dolby Investor Relations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dolby+Investor+Relations&rft.atitle=Dolby+Launches+Dolby+Digital+Cinema+in+Theatres+Worldwide+with+Star+Wars+Episode+III%3A+Revenge+of+the+Sith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestor.dolby.com%2FReleaseDetail.cfm%3Freleaseid%3D164165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDL-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DDL_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208012537/http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby_live.html">"Dolby Digital Live"</a>. <i>dolby.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/consumer/technology/dolby_live.html">the original</a> on Feb 8, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Nov 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dolby.com&rft.atitle=Dolby+Digital+Live&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fconsumer%2Ftechnology%2Fdolby_live.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ddl882-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ddl882_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKey2006" class="citation web cs1">Key, Gary (June 8, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anandtech.com/printarticle.aspx?i=2773">"Nvidia nForce 500: Biostar and MSI Aim for the Gold"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AnandTech" title="AnandTech">AnandTech</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nvidia+nForce+500%3A+Biostar+and+MSI+Aim+for+the+Gold&rft.pub=AnandTech&rft.date=2006-06-08&rft.aulast=Key&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anandtech.com%2Fprintarticle.aspx%3Fi%3D2773&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDL_license_issue_of_X-Fi-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DDL_license_issue_of_X-Fi_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DDL_license_issue_of_X-Fi_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064328/http://www.parkoz.com/zboard/view.php?id=dm_audio_qna&no=15261">"A Korean reply comment (the fifth), which explains Dolby license royalty issue of X-Fi. Since the information leaked from SoundPrime, the Korean partner of Auzentech, all sources about this information are Korean"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parkoz.com/zboard/view.php?id=dm_audio_qna&no=15261">the original</a> on 2015-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Korean+reply+comment+%28the+fifth%29%2C+which+explains+Dolby+license+royalty+issue+of+X-Fi.+Since+the+information+leaked+from+SoundPrime%2C+the+Korean+partner+of+Auzentech%2C+all+sources+about+this+information+are+Korean.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parkoz.com%2Fzboard%2Fview.php%3Fid%3Ddm_audio_qna%26no%3D15261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parkoz.com/zboard/view.php?id=dm_audio_qna&no=12661">"What Daniel_K wrote "This utility was written from scratch and does not contain any copyrighted code. Creative's director of developer relations, George Thorn told me, in a chat session, that is OK to provide mods as patches. It does not modify any executable or DLL, so it is NOT a crack." Daniel_K's driver MOD itself did not include any DDL module, until it began to support Creative's official DDL pack. Daniel_K's 'DDLUnlocker.exe' merely used disguise to install Auzentech Prelude DDL module"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Daniel_K+wrote+%22This+utility+was+written+from+scratch+and+does+not+contain+any+copyrighted+code.+Creative%27s+director+of+developer+relations%2C+George+Thorn+told+me%2C+in+a+chat+session%2C+that+is+OK+to+provide+mods+as+patches.+It+does+not+modify+any+executable+or+DLL%2C+so+it+is+NOT+a+crack.%22+Daniel_K%27s+driver+MOD+itself+did+not+include+any+DDL+module%2C+until+it+began+to+support+Creative%27s+official+DDL+pack.+Daniel_K%27s+%27DDLUnlocker.exe%27+merely+used+disguise+to+install+Auzentech+Prelude+DDL+module&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parkoz.com%2Fzboard%2Fview.php%3Fid%3Ddm_audio_qna%26no%3D12661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeschizza2008" class="citation web cs1">Beschizza, Rob (April 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.wired.com/gadgets/2008/04/daniel_k-who-fi.html">"Daniel_K, Who Fixed Creative's Broken Vista Drivers, Speaks Out"</a>. <i>Wired.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wired.com&rft.atitle=Daniel_K%2C+Who+Fixed+Creative%27s+Broken+Vista+Drivers%2C+Speaks+Out&rft.date=2008-04-01&rft.aulast=Beschizza&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.wired.com%2Fgadgets%2F2008%2F04%2Fdaniel_k-who-fi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrokenBlaster-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BrokenBlaster_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forums.creative.com/t5/Sound-Blaster/SB-Audigy-Series-Support-Pack-3-6-11-09-2009/td-p/540934/page/2">"There is BrokenBlaster blame about CL – Creative Labs, its much later than the issue but show common case who blame Creative Labs and admire Daniel_K"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Creative_Technology" title="Creative Technology">Creative Technology</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=There+is+BrokenBlaster+blame+about+CL+%E2%80%93+Creative+Labs%2C+its+much+later+than+the+issue+but+show+common+case+who+blame+Creative+Labs+and+admire+Daniel_K&rft.pub=Creative+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforums.creative.com%2Ft5%2FSound-Blaster%2FSB-Audigy-Series-Support-Pack-3-6-11-09-2009%2Ftd-p%2F540934%2Fpage%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-daniel_k_2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-daniel_k_2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeschizza2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Beschizza, Rob (March 31, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.wired.com/gadgets/2008/03/silence-from-so.html">"Silence From Sound Card Maker After Customer Revolt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Silence+From+Sound+Card+Maker+After+Customer+Revolt&rft.date=2008-03-31&rft.aulast=Beschizza&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.wired.com%2Fgadgets%2F2008%2F03%2Fsilence-from-so.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dolby_Digital_Live_pack-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dolby_Digital_Live_pack_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buy.soundblaster.com/_creativelabsstore/cgi-bin/pd.cgi?frompage=category&page=product_detail&fromcategory=Software&category=Software&pid=F2222DDN6Z2H2ADDEZD">"Dolby Digital Live pack, its DDL pack but also say "Get DTS Connect Pack FREE! for every purchase of Dolby Digital Live Pack."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Creative_Technology" title="Creative Technology">Creative Technology</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Digital+Live+pack%2C+its+DDL+pack+but+also+say+%22Get+DTS+Connect+Pack+FREE%21+for+every+purchase+of+Dolby+Digital+Live+Pack.%22&rft.pub=Creative+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuy.soundblaster.com%2F_creativelabsstore%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpd.cgi%3Ffrompage%3Dcategory%26page%3Dproduct_detail%26fromcategory%3DSoftware%26category%3DSoftware%26pid%3DF2222DDN6Z2H2ADDEZD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/avfoundation/avfiletypeenhancedac3">"AVFileTypeEnhancedAC3"</a>. <i>Apple Developer Documentation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Inc">Apple Inc</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+Developer+Documentation&rft.atitle=AVFileTypeEnhancedAC3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Fdocumentation%2Favfoundation%2Favfiletypeenhancedac3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502061841/https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-digital-plus-audio-coding-tech-paper.pdf">"Dolby Digital Plus Audio Coding Tech Paper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-digital-plus-audio-coding-tech-paper.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2019-05-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolby+Digital+Plus+Audio+Coding+Tech+Paper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Ftechnologies%2Fdolby-digital-plus-audio-coding-tech-paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/tv/specs/">"Apple TV – Tech Specs"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+TV+%E2%80%93+Tech+Specs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Ftv%2Fspecs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DolbyAC4ServicesJune2015Dolby-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DolbyAC4ServicesJune2015Dolby_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DolbyAC4ServicesJune2015Dolby_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530051301/https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/ac-4/Next-Generation-Entertainment-Services.pdf">"Dolby AC-4: Audio Delivery for Next-Generation Entertainment Services"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>. 2015-06-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/ac-4/Next-Generation-Entertainment-Services.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2019-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dolby+AC-4%3A+Audio+Delivery+for+Next-Generation+Entertainment+Services&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Ftechnologies%2Fac-4%2FNext-Generation-Entertainment-Services.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120150119/http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/zz-_Shared_Assets/English_PDFs/Professional/18_Metadata.Guide.pdf">"Dolby Metadata Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.dolby.com</i>. p. 17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/zz-_Shared_Assets/English_PDFs/Professional/18_Metadata.Guide.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dolby.com&rft.atitle=Dolby+Metadata+Guide&rft.pages=17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolby.com%2FuploadedFiles%2Fzz-_Shared_Assets%2FEnglish_PDFs%2FProfessional%2F18_Metadata.Guide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lddb.com-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lddb.com_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lddb.com_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lddb.com/help_ac3rf.php">"LaserDisc Database – Help – AC3RF / Dolby Digital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LaserDisc+Database+%E2%80%93+Help+%E2%80%93+AC3RF+%2F+Dolby+Digital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lddb.com%2Fhelp_ac3rf.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVideoLAN" class="citation web cs1">VideoLAN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/features.html">"VideoLAN – VLC – Features"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VideoLAN+%E2%80%93+VLC+%E2%80%93+Features&rft.au=VideoLAN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.videolan.org%2Fvlc%2Ffeatures.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlb.client.shareholder.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-04-200308&CIK=1308547">"SEC Form S-1"</a>. ADOBE investor relations website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SEC+Form+S-1&rft.pub=ADOBE+investor+relations+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdlb.client.shareholder.com%2Fsecfiling.cfm%3FfilingID%3D1193125-04-200308%26CIK%3D1308547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1308547/000119312504200308/ds1.htm">"SEC Form S-1"</a>. United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) EDGAR system, filed November 19, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SEC+Form+S-1&rft.pub=United+States+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission+%28SEC%29+EDGAR+system%2C+filed+November+19%2C+2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1308547%2F000119312504200308%2Fds1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1308547/000119312504221162/ds1a.htm">"Amendment No. 1 to SEC Form S-1"</a>. United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) EDGAR system, amended February 12, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amendment+No.+1+to+SEC+Form+S-1&rft.pub=United+States+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission+%28SEC%29+EDGAR+system%2C+amended+February+12%2C+2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1308547%2F000119312504221162%2Fds1a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13910925">"The last patent on AC-3 (Dolby Digital) expires at midnight | Hacker News"</a>. <i>news.ycombinator.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.ycombinator.com&rft.atitle=The+last+patent+on+AC-3+%28Dolby+Digital%29+expires+at+midnight+%7C+Hacker+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.ycombinator.com%2Fitem%3Fid%3D13910925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ac3freedomday.org/">"AC3 Freedom Day – s"</a>. Ac3freedomday.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AC3+Freedom+Day+%E2%80%93+s&rft.pub=Ac3freedomday.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fac3freedomday.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolby+Digital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dolby_Digital" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://professional.dolby.com/tv/dolby-digital/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622624#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>, Dolby Laboratories</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsc.org/standards/atsc-standards/">ATSC standards</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/A52-201212-17.pdf">Digital Audio Compression Standard (AC-3, E-AC-3)</a> at the ATSC website</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dolby_Laboratories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dolby_Laboratories" title="Template:Dolby Laboratories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dolby_Laboratories" title="Template talk:Dolby Laboratories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dolby_Laboratories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dolby Laboratories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dolby_Laboratories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby">Dolby Laboratories</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies and products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Atmos" title="Dolby Atmos">Dolby Atmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialnorm" title="Dialnorm">Dialnorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_3D" title="Dolby 3D">Dolby 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Cinema" title="Dolby Cinema">Dolby Cinema</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dolby Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital_Plus" title="Dolby Digital Plus">Dolby Digital Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_E" title="Dolby E">Dolby E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Headphone" title="Dolby Headphone">Dolby Headphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_noise-reduction_system" title="Dolby noise-reduction system">Dolby noise-reduction system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Pro_Logic" title="Dolby Pro Logic">Dolby Surround/Pro Logic/Pro Logic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_SR" title="Dolby SR">Dolby SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Stereo" title="Dolby Stereo">Dolby Stereo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Surround_7.1" title="Dolby Surround 7.1">Dolby Surround 7.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_TrueHD" title="Dolby TrueHD">Dolby TrueHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Vision" title="Dolby Vision">Dolby Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Voice" title="Dolby Voice">Dolby Voice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doremi_Labs" title="Doremi Labs">Doremi Labs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CineAsset" title="CineAsset">CineAsset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineExport" title="CineExport">CineExport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CinePlayer" title="CinePlayer">CinePlayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Dolby" title="Ray Dolby">Ray Dolby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dolby#Stage_name" title="Thomas Dolby">Thomas Dolby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Theatre" title="Dolby Theatre">Dolby Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Physical_audio_recording_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Audio_formats" title="Template:Audio formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Audio_formats" title="Template talk:Audio formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Audio_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Audio formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Physical_audio_recording_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Physical <a href="/wiki/Audio_recording_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio recording format">audio recording formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_engraving" title="Music engraving">Mechanical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_box#Evolving_box_production" title="Music box">Music box cylinder or disc</a> (9th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuckoo_clock#First_modern_cuckoo_clocks" title="Cuckoo clock">Mechanical cuckoo</a> (early 17th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">Punched card</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_roll" title="Music roll">Music roll</a> (1883)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_recording" title="Analog recording">Analog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grooved surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonautograph" title="Phonautograph">Phonautogram</a> (1857)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grooved <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder" title="Phonograph cylinder">cylinder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder#Early_development" title="Phonograph cylinder">Phonograph cylinder</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphophone" title="Graphophone">Graphophone</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dictaphone" title="Dictaphone">Dictaphone cylinder</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder#Early_development" title="Phonograph cylinder">Perfected phonograph</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edison_Records#Mass-produced_cylinders" title="Edison Records">Ediphone</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Salon cylinder</a> (1890s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Stentor cylinder</a> (1890s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Le Céleste cylinder</a> (1890s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Records#Mass-produced_cylinders" title="Edison Records">Gold moulded record</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indestructible_Record_Company" title="Indestructible Record Company">Indestructible record</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Records#Mass-produced_cylinders" title="Edison Records">Amberol record</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Amberol_Records" title="Blue Amberol Records">Blue Amberol record</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Paradis cylinder</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grooved disc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Pathé disc</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Disc_Record" title="Edison Disc Record">Diamond disc</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records#Pathé_cylinders_and_discs" title="Pathé Records">Pathé Actuelle</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edison_Voicewriter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edison Voicewriter (page does not exist)">Edison Voicewriter</a> (late 1940s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoundScriber" title="SoundScriber">SoundScriber</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_Audograph" title="Gray Audograph">Audograph</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">Long play</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Hi-Fi" title="Highway Hi-Fi">Highway Hi-Fi</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandai_8ban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandai 8ban (page does not exist)">Bandai 8ban</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grooved tape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefifon#1930s" title="Tefifon">Tefiphon/Teficord (early 1930s), Tefifon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictabelt" title="Dictabelt">Dictabelt</a> (1947)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound-on-film" title="Sound-on-film">Sound-on-film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonofilm" title="Phonofilm">Phonofilm</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Ergon" title="Tri-Ergon">Tri-Ergon</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movietone_sound_system" title="Movietone sound system">Movietone</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Photophone" title="RCA Photophone">Photophone</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasound" title="Fantasound">Fantasound</a> (1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Loose magnetic <a href="/wiki/Wire" title="Wire">wire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wire_recording" title="Wire recording">Wire recording</a> (1898)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magnetic <a href="/wiki/Wire" title="Wire">wire</a> cartridge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenz_Textophon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorenz Textophon (page does not exist)">Lorenz Textophon</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Army_RD-11B/GNQ-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Army RD-11B/GNQ-1 (page does not exist)">US Army RD-11B/GNQ-1</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmos_Industries_MX-303A/ANQ-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmos Industries MX-303A/ANQ-1 (page does not exist)">Cosmos Industries MX-303A/ANQ-1</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RCA_MI-12875&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCA MI-12875 (page does not exist)">RCA MI-12875</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RCA_MI-12877&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCA MI-12877 (page does not exist)">RCA MI-12877</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peirce_265B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peirce 265B (page does not exist)">Peirce 265B</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peirce_330/360&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peirce 330/360 (page does not exist)">Peirce 330/360</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protona_Minifon_P51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protona Minifon P51 (page does not exist)">Protona Minifon P51</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protona_Minifon_P55&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protona Minifon P55 (page does not exist)">Protona Minifon P55</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protona_Minifon_special&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protona Minifon special (page does not exist)">Protona Minifon special</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crouzet-Jaeger_cartridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crouzet-Jaeger cartridge (page does not exist)">Crouzet-Jaeger cartridge</a> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magnetic surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic stripe card">Magnetic stripe card</a> (1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telefunken_magnetic_disc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telefunken magnetic disc (page does not exist)">Telefunken magnetic disc</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermionic_Products_Recordon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermionic Products Recordon (page does not exist)">Thermionic Products Recordon</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Record_Maker_Pye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Record Maker Pye (page does not exist)">Record Maker Pye</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh_Synchrofax" title="Ricoh Synchrofax">Synchrofax</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_High_Density" title="Video High Density">Audio High Density</a> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reel-to-reel_audio_tape_recording" title="Reel-to-reel audio tape recording">Loose (reel-to-reel)</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tape</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Blattner#Career" title="Ludwig Blattner">Blattnerphone</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetophon" title="Magnetophon">Magnetophon</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_tape_specifications#Reel-to-reel_¼"" title="Audio tape specifications">1/4" tape</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_tape_specifications#Studio_tape_formats" title="Audio tape specifications">1/2" tape</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_tape_specifications#Studio_tape_formats" title="Audio tape specifications">Fullcoat magfilm</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_tape_specifications#Studio_tape_formats" title="Audio tape specifications">Stripe magfilm</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_multitrack_recording#Ampex's_original_8-track_recorder" title="History of multitrack recording">1" tape</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_multitrack_recording#Large_format_analog_recorders" title="History of multitrack recording">2" tape</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3/4%22_tape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3/4" tape (page does not exist)">3/4" tape</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_tape_specifications#Studio_tape_formats" title="Audio tape specifications">3" tape</a> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">Magnetic tape</a> cartridge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loewe_(electronics)#Company_history" title="Loewe (electronics)">Optaphon</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cousino_Echo-matic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cousino Echo-matic (page does not exist)">Cousino Echo-matic</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohawk_Message_repeater_cartridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohawk Message repeater cartridge (page does not exist)">Mohawk Message repeater cartridge</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundig_Business_Systems#History" title="Grundig Business Systems">Stenorette</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohawk_Midgetape_RL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohawk Midgetape RL (page does not exist)">Mohawk Midgetape RL</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictaphone_Dictet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictaphone Dictet (page does not exist)">Dictaphone Dictet</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rediffusion_Reditune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rediffusion Reditune (page does not exist)">Rediffusion Reditune</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saba_Sabafon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saba Sabafon (page does not exist)">Saba Sabafon</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_tape_cartridge" title="RCA tape cartridge">RCA tape cartridge</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philips_EL_3581&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philips EL 3581 (page does not exist)">Philips EL 3581</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protona_Attach%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protona Attaché (page does not exist)">Protona Attaché</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidelipac" title="Fidelipac">Fidelipac</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cousino_MR-9000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cousino MR-9000 (page does not exist)">Cousino MR-9000</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Magnabelt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM Magnabelt (page does not exist)">IBM Magnabelt</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictaphone_Travel_master&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictaphone Travel master (page does not exist)">Dictaphone Travel master</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nippon_Electronic_Vity_cassette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nippon Electronic Vity cassette (page does not exist)">Nippon Electronic Vity cassette</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundig_Cassette_LFH_0084&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grundig Cassette LFH 0084 (page does not exist)">Grundig Cassette LFH 0084</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orrtronic_Tapette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orrtronic Tapette (page does not exist)">Orrtronic Tapette</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Tape#Trade_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch Tape">3M Scotch</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cousino" title="Bernard Cousino">Cousino Echo-matic II</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereo-Pak" title="Stereo-Pak">Stereo-Pak</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philips_EL_3583&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philips EL 3583 (page does not exist)">Philips EL 3583</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact cassette">Compact cassette</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundig_En3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grundig En3 (page does not exist)">Grundig En3</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabamobil" title="Sabamobil">Sabamobil</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-track_cartridge" title="8-track cartridge">8-track</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo_Micro_Pack_35" title="Sanyo Micro Pack 35">Micro pack 35</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assmann-Stuzzi_Memocord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assmann-Stuzzi Memocord (page does not exist)">Assmann-Stuzzi Memocord</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantata_700" title="Cantata 700">Cantata 700</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC-International" title="DC-International">DC-International</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nippon_Electronic_Memo-call&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nippon Electronic Memo-call (page does not exist)">Nippon Electronic Memo-call</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayTape" title="PlayTape">PlayTape</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muntz_Stereo_Mini-twin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muntz Stereo Mini-twin (page does not exist)">Muntz Stereo Mini-twin</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundig_DeJ614&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grundig DeJ614 (page does not exist)">Grundig DeJ614</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcassette" title="Microcassette">Microcassette</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanyo_Tape_cartridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanyo Tape cartridge (page does not exist)">Sanyo Tape cartridge</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiPac" title="HiPac">HiPac</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steno-Cassette" title="Steno-Cassette">Steno-Cassette</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundig_Business_Systems#History" title="Grundig Business Systems">Stenorette DL</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitol_Records_Audiopak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitol Records Audiopak (page does not exist)">Capitol Records Audiopak</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elcaset" title="Elcaset">Elcaset</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandai_micro_cartridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandai micro cartridge (page does not exist)">Bandai micro cartridge</a> (late 1980s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picocassette" title="Picocassette">Picocassette</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_Rockers" title="Pocket Rockers">Pocket Rockers</a> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter" title="Analog-to-digital converter">Analog-to-digital converter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soundstream#Digital_Tape_Recorder" title="Soundstream">Soundstream</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProDigi" title="ProDigi">X80/ProDigi</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Stationary_Head" title="Digital Audio Stationary Head">DASH</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCM_adaptor" title="PCM adaptor">PCM adaptor</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DA-88" title="DA-88">DA-88/DTRS</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_recording" title="Digital recording">Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">Magnetic tape</a> cartridge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape" title="Digital Audio Tape">Digital Audio Tape</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NT_(cassette)" title="NT (cassette)">NT</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Compact_Cassette" title="Digital Compact Cassette">Digital Compact Cassette</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound-on-film" title="Sound-on-film">Sound-on-film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DD</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Digital_Sound" title="Cinema Digital Sound">CDS</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Sound" title="Sony Dynamic Digital Sound">SDDS</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_recording_technologies" title="Optical disc recording technologies">Optical disc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">Compact Disc Digital Audio</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philips_CD-BGM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philips CD-BGM (page does not exist)">Philips CD-BGM</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDCD" class="mw-redirect" title="HDCD">HDCD</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD">Super Audio CD</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DataPlay" title="DataPlay">DataPlay</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-MD" title="Hi-MD">Hi-MD</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DualDisc" title="DualDisc">DualDisc</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD-Audio" class="mw-redirect" title="BD-Audio">BD-Audio</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Fidelity_Pure_Audio" title="High Fidelity Pure Audio">HFPA</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Quality_Authenticated" title="Master Quality Authenticated">MQA-CD</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_storage" title="Solid-state storage">Electronic circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_chip" title="Sound chip">Sound chip</a> (late 1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3_player" class="mw-redirect" title="MP3 player">MP3 player</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HitClips" title="HitClips">HitClips</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaboom_Box&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaboom Box (page does not exist)">Yaboom Box</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takara_E-kara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takara E-kara (page does not exist)">Takara E-kara</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toymax_VJ_Starz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toymax VJ Starz (page does not exist)">Toymax VJ Starz</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive#Media_storage_and_marketing" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drive</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Digital#Music_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital">MicroSD</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mini-cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini-cassette">Mini-cassette</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-matic" title="U-matic">U-matic</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_Artists_Compact_LaserDisc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pioneer Artists Compact LaserDisc (page does not exist)">Pioneer Artists Compact LaserDisc</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Video" title="CD Video">CD Video</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAT" title="ADAT">ADAT</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_emulation_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl emulation software">Timecode vinyl</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VinylDisc" title="VinylDisc">VinylDisc</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Multimedia_compression_and_container_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_formats" title="Template:Compression formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Compression_formats" title="Template talk:Compression formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Compression_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Compression formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Multimedia_compression_and_container_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">Multimedia</a> <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">compression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Container_format_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container format (computing)">container</a> formats</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">Video<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG" title="Motion JPEG">MJPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">Part 2 / ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">Part 10 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_IVC" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 IVC">Part 33 / IVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">MPEG-H</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">Part 2 / HEVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-I (page does not exist)">MPEG-I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Part 3 / VVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-5" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-5">MPEG-5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">Part 1 / EVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">Part 2 / LCEVC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_Coding_Experts_Group" title="Video Coding Experts Group">VCEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.120" title="H.120">H.120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265 / HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266 / VVC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirac_(video_compression_format)" title="Dirac (video compression format)">VC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_DNxHD" title="Avid DNxHD">VC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineForm" title="CineForm">VC-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-6" title="VC-6">VC-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion</a> and AOMedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies#TrueMotion_S" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP3" title="VP3">VP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP6" title="VP6">VP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP7" class="mw-redirect" title="VP7">VP7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8" title="VP8">VP8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P2/AVS+</a>(GB/T 20090.2/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P2</a>(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1) <ul><li>HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)</li></ul></li> <li>AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Video" title="Apple Video">Apple Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinepak" title="Cinepak">Cinepak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daala" title="Daala">Daala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Interactive" title="Digital Video Interactive">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFV1" title="FFV1">FFV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffyuv" title="Huffyuv">Huffyuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeo" title="Indeo">Indeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagarith" title="Lagarith">Lagarith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Video_1" title="Microsoft Video 1">Microsoft Video 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSU_Lossless_Video_Codec" title="MSU Lossless Video Codec">MSU Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_Video" title="OMS Video">OMS Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixlet" title="Pixlet">Pixlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProRes" title="Apple ProRes">ProRes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_422" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 422">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_4444" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 4444">4444</a></li></ul></li> <li>QuickTime <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Animation" title="QuickTime Animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Graphics" title="QuickTime Graphics">Graphics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealVideo" title="RealVideo">RealVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVideo" title="RTVideo">RTVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SheerVideo" title="SheerVideo">SheerVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorenson_Media" title="Sorenson Media">Sorenson Video/Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">Theora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(video_codec)" title="Thor (video codec)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ut_Video_Codec_Suite" title="Ut Video Codec Suite">Ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" title="Windows Media Video">WMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">XEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YULS" title="YULS">YULS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">Audio<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Layer II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">Multichannel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">MPEG-1 Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Surround" title="MPEG Surround">MPEG Surround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Lossless_Coding" title="Audio Lossless Coding">MPEG-4 ALS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_SLS" title="MPEG-4 SLS">MPEG-4 SLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD#DST" title="Super Audio CD">MPEG-4 DST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Vector_Excitation_Coding" title="Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding">MPEG-4 HVXC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">MPEG-4 CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">MPEG-D USAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G.711" title="G.711">G.711</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.718" title="G.718">G.718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.719" title="G.719">G.719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722" title="G.722">G.722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722.1" title="G.722.1">G.722.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">G.722.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723" title="G.723">G.723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723.1" title="G.723.1">G.723.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.726" title="G.726">G.726</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.728" title="G.728">G.728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729" title="G.729">G.729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729.1" title="G.729.1">G.729.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec" title="Internet Low Bitrate Codec">iLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speex" title="Speex">Speex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLAC" title="FLAC">FLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec">AMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">AMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Adaptive_Multi-Rate_%E2%80%93_Wideband" title="Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband">AMR-WB+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec">EVRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec_B" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec B">EVRC-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Voice_Services" title="Enhanced Voice Services">EVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Rate" title="Half Rate">GSM-HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Rate" title="Full Rate">GSM-FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_full_rate" title="Enhanced full rate">GSM-EFR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_Special_Interest_Group" title="Bluetooth Special Interest Group">Bluetooth SIG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SBC_(codec)" title="SBC (codec)">SBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LC3_(codec)" title="LC3 (codec)">LC3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P10</a>(GB/T 20090.10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P3</a>(GB/T 33475.3) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audio_Vivid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audio Vivid (page does not exist)">Audio Vivid</a>(GY/T 363)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a>(GB/T 22726)</li> <li>ExAC(SJ/T 11299.4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lossless_Audio_Codec" title="Apple Lossless Audio Codec">ALAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asao_(codec)" title="Asao (codec)">Asao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Transform_Acoustic_Coding" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding">ATRAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CELT" title="CELT">CELT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codec_2" title="Codec 2">Codec 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speech_Audio_Codec" title="Internet Speech Audio Codec">iSAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyra_(codec)" title="Lyra (codec)">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-excitation_linear_prediction" title="Mixed-excitation linear prediction">MELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey%27s_Audio" title="Monkey's Audio">Monkey's Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT9" title="MT9">MT9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musepack" title="Musepack">Musepack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OptimFROG" title="OptimFROG">OptimFROG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Sound_Quality" title="Original Sound Quality">OSQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Qualcomm code-excited linear prediction">QCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxed_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Relaxed code-excited linear prediction">RCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealAudio" title="RealAudio">RealAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTAudio" title="RTAudio">RTAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_Audio#Sound_Designer_file_formats" title="Avid Audio">SD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorten_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorten file format">SHN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SILK" title="SILK">SILK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(codec)" title="Siren (codec)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectable_Mode_Vocoder" title="Selectable Mode Vocoder">SMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVOPC" title="SVOPC">SVOPC</a></li> <li>TTA <ul><li>True Audio</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TwinVQ" title="TwinVQ">TwinVQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-Rate_Multimode_Wideband" title="Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband">VMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_sum_excited_linear_prediction" title="Vector sum excited linear prediction">VSELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WavPack" title="WavPack">WavPack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">WMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Quality_Authenticated" title="Master Quality Authenticated">MQA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX" title="AptX">aptX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_HD" title="AptX">aptX HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Low_Latency" title="AptX">aptX Low Latency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Adaptive" title="AptX">aptX Adaptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDAC_(codec)" title="LDAC (codec)">LDAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)" title="LHDC (codec)">LHDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)#LLAC" title="LHDC (codec)">LLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">Image<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Photographic_Experts_Group" title="Joint Photographic Experts Group">JPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_compression" title="Group 4 compression">CCITT Group 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format#HEIC:_HEVC_in_HEIF" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIC / HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-LS" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-LS">JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="TIFF/IT">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR">EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format">FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_container_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital container format">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_elementary_stream" title="MPEG elementary stream">MPEG-ES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Packetized_elementary_stream" title="Packetized elementary stream">MPEG-PES</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">MPEG-PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG-TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_base_media_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC base media file format">ISO/IEC base media file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">MPEG-4 Part 14</a> (MP4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">MPEG-21 Part 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">MPEG media transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2#Systems" title="MPEG-2">H.222.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">T.802</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogg" title="Ogg">Ogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Exchange_Format" title="General Exchange Format">GXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_Exchange_Format" title="Material Exchange Format">MXF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3GP_and_3G2" title="3GP and 3G2">3GP and 3G2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMV_video_format" title="AMV video format">AMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Systems_Format" title="Advanced Systems Format">ASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Interchange_File_Format" title="Audio Interchange File Format">AIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">AVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au_file_format" title="Au file format">AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DivX#DivX_Media_Format_(DMF)" title="DivX">DivX Media Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_VOB" title="Enhanced VOB">EVO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">Flash Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_File_Format" title="Interchange File Format">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.m2ts" title=".m2ts">M2TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_File_Format" title="QuickTime File Format">QuickTime File Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">RatDVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealMedia" title="RealMedia">RealMedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Interchange_File_Format" title="Resource Interchange File Format">RIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOD_and_TOD" title="MOD and TOD">MOD and TOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOB" title="VOB">VOB, IFO and BUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NETVC" title="NETVC">NETVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Media" title="Alliance for Open Media">Alliance for Open Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entropy_encoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Entropy encoding">Entropy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_coding" title="Arithmetic coding">Arithmetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffman_coding" title="Huffman coding">Huffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_Huffman_coding" title="Modified Huffman coding">Modified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_predictive_coding" title="Linear predictive coding">LPC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_spectral_pairs" title="Line spectral pairs">LSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warped_linear_predictive_coding" title="Warped linear predictive coding">WLPC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_compression" title="Lossless compression">Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">Lossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78" title="LZ77 and LZ78">LZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DEFLATE" class="mw-redirect" title="DEFLATE">DEFLATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation">ADPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Differential pulse-code modulation">DPCM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_coding" title="Transform coding">Transforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform" title="Fast Fourier transform">FFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">MDCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavelet" title="Wavelet">Wavelet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daubechies_wavelet" title="Daubechies wavelet">Daubechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_wavelet_transform" title="Discrete wavelet transform">DWT</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_audio_coding_formats" title="Comparison of audio coding formats">Comparison of audio coding formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_video_codecs" title="Comparison of video codecs">Comparison of video codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_codecs" title="List of codecs">List of codecs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_methods" title="Template:Compression methods">Compression methods</a> for techniques and <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_software" title="Template:Compression software">Compression software</a> for codecs</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-definition_(HD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High-definition" title="Template:High-definition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High-definition" title="Template talk:High-definition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High-definition_(HD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">High-definition (HD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">High-definition video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-high-definition television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p (HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440p" title="1440p">1440p (Quad HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">2160p (4K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">4320p (8K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16K_resolution" title="16K resolution">8640p (16K Ultra HD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">Analog broadcast</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(All defunct)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">819 line system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">HD MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE (Hi-Vision)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital broadcast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DMB-T/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dolby Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Surround sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">DSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_eXtreme_Definition" title="Digital eXtreme Definition">DXD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filming and storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">DCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-definition_pre-recorded_media_and_compression" title="High-definition pre-recorded media and compression">HD media and<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archival_Disc" title="Archival Disc">Archival Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Blue_High-definition_Disc" title="China Blue High-definition Disc">CBHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Multilayer_Disc" title="Versatile Multilayer Disc">HD VMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laserdisc#MUSE_LD" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">MUSE LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiview_Video_Coding" title="Multiview Video Coding">MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD">Super Audio CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncompressed_video" title="Uncompressed video">Uncompressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W-VHS" title="W-VHS">W-VHS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Component_video" title="Component video">Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deployments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List of digital television deployments by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_video_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_formats" title="Template:Video formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_formats" title="Template talk:Video formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_video_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">Broadcast video formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Television</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">Analog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/405-line_television_system" title="405-line television system">405 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_A" title="CCIR System A">System A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/525_lines" title="525 lines">525 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_M" title="CCIR System M">System M</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/NTSC-J" title="NTSC-J">NTSC-J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clear-Vision" title="Clear-Vision">Clear-Vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL-M" title="PAL-M">PAL-M</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-MAC" title="B-MAC">B-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/625_lines" title="625 lines">625 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_B" title="CCIR System B">System B</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_C" title="CCIR System C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_D" title="CCIR System D">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_G" title="CCIR System G">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_H" title="CCIR System H">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_I" title="CCIR System I">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_K" title="CCIR System K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_L" title="CCIR System L">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_N" title="CCIR System N">N</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL#PALN" title="PAL">PAL-N</a>, <a href="/wiki/PALplus" title="PALplus">PALplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/819_line" title="819 line">819 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E" title="CCIR System E">System E</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E#System_F" title="CCIR System E">F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1125 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1250 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD-MAC" title="HD-MAC">HD-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_signal" title="Audio signal">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multichannel_television_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel television sound">BTSC (MTS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIAJ_MTS" title="EIAJ MTS">EIAJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NICAM" title="NICAM">NICAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_audio_program" title="Second audio program">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound-in-Syncs" title="Sound-in-Syncs">Sound-in-Syncs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweikanalton" title="Zweikanalton">Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGMS-A" title="CGMS-A">CGMS-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost-canceling_reference" title="Ghost-canceling reference">GCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Delivery_Control" title="Programme Delivery Control">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_blanking_interval" title="Vertical blanking interval">VBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Encoded_Invisible_Light" title="Video Encoded Invisible Light">VEIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIT_signals" title="VIT signals">VIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_interval_timecode" title="Vertical interval timecode">VITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widescreen_signaling" title="Widescreen signaling">WSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Data_Services" title="Extended Data Services">XDS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_systems_before_1940" title="Television systems before 1940">Pre-1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_television" title="Mechanical television">Mechanical television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/180-line_television_system" title="180-line television system">180-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/343-line_television_system" title="343-line television system">343-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/375-line_television_system" title="375-line television system">375-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441-line_television_system" title="441-line television system">441-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/455-line_television_system" title="455-line television system">455-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/567-line_television_system" title="567-line television system">567-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-sequential_color_system" title="Field-sequential color system">Field-sequential color system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Television#OSKM" title="Soviet Central Television">OSKM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">Interlaced</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">SDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">LDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">240p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">288p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">EDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">576p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">MPEG-2 Video</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB_3D-TV" title="DVB 3D-TV">DVB 3D-TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS+</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4 Visual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">MPEG-4 AVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards#H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" title="ATSC standards">ATSC A/72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">MPEG-H HEVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC 3.0">ATSC 3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">HD DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB#ISDB-S3" title="ISDB">ISDB-S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AC-3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">5.1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Audio Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_pulse-code_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear pulse-code modulation">LPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">AFD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-CPCM" title="DVB-CPCM">CPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-avs-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avs_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avs_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mobaho-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Defunct.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Technical_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Technical issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14:9" class="mw-redirect" title="14:9">14:9 compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast-safe" title="Broadcast-safe">Broadcast-safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">Digital cinema</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Cinema Initiative">DCI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">Display motion blur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_Standards_Conversion" title="Reverse Standards Conversion">Reverse Standards Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_standards_conversion" title="Television standards conversion">Standards conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_transmitter" title="Television transmitter">Television transmitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_card" title="Test card">Test card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_processing" title="Video processing">Video processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widescreen_signaling" title="Widescreen signaling">Widescreen signaling</a></li> <li>Templates (<a href="/wiki/Template:Analogue_TV_transmitter_topics" title="Template:Analogue TV transmitter topics">Analogue TV Topics</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&oldid=1263649489">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&oldid=1263649489</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_inventions" title="Category:American inventions">American inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Audio_codecs" title="Category:Audio codecs">Audio codecs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Consumer_electronics" title="Category:Consumer electronics">Consumer electronics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dolby_Laboratories" title="Category:Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_sound_production" title="Category:Film sound production">Film sound production</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:High-definition_television" title="Category:High-definition television">High-definition television</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Surround_sound" title="Category:Surround sound">Surround sound</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Audiovisual_introductions_in_1986" title="Category:Audiovisual introductions in 1986">Audiovisual introductions in 1986</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Development_organizations" title="Category:Development organizations">Development organizations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2023">Articles with dead external links from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_December_2024" title="Category:Use American English from December 2024">Use American English from December 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_obsolete_information_from_September_2020" title="Category:Articles with obsolete information from September 2020">Articles with obsolete information from September 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 December 2024, at 22:05<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolby_Digital&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-55db797859-ct22g","wgBackendResponseTime":161,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.711","walltime":"0.926","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4619,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":309114,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3884,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":209253,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 719.595 1 -total"," 39.56% 284.653 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.75% 127.727 13 Template:Navbox"," 16.90% 121.614 37 Template:Cite_web"," 12.60% 90.677 3 Template:Cite_journal"," 11.89% 85.572 1 Template:Official_website"," 8.92% 64.193 1 Template:Dolby_Laboratories"," 7.83% 56.358 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.34% 52.850 10 Template:Main_other"," 5.97% 42.949 1 Template:Update"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.395","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6432033,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7d596b5cf-c549r","timestamp":"20241218032817","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Dolby Digital","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolby_Digital","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q622624","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q622624","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-09-09T19:48:43Z","dateModified":"2024-12-17T22:05:00Z","headline":"Audio compression technologies"}</script> </body> </html>