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(PDF) All of a Piece: The Politics of Growth and Collapse in Classic Period Maya Kingdoms | Andrew Scherer - Academia.edu

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are often taken to be dramatically different from the processes that lead to the collapse of such systems. Periods of growth are interpreted as the product of fully functioning and healthy political regimes and societies, while periods of political collapse and demographic dissolution are interpreted as the result of one or another systemic pathology. Thus the \"Maya Collapse\" of the Southern Lowlands in the 9th century AD has been interpreted as the result of warfare raging out of control, climatic change, peasant revolts, invasions of peoples from outside the Southern Lowlands, or some nuanced combination of these prime movers. Bringing together epigraphic data and the results of our archaeological research in the Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan kingdoms, we will argue, instead, that the growth and collapse of the Classic period kingdoms of the Usumacinta Basin was all of a piece. It is our argument that the very political processes that allowed the dynasties of Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan to establish themselves in small nucleated capitals and slowly extend their control over an ever growing territory lead in a logical -though by no means inevitable -way to their eventual collapse.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"34083942"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"All of a Piece: The Politics of Growth and Collapse in Classic Period Maya Kingdoms","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [269031]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script 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data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/7515349/All_of_a_Piece_The_Politics_of_Growth_and_Collapse_in_Classic_Period_Maya_Kingdoms" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="42727779" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42727779/All_of_a_Piece_The_Politics_of_Growth_and_Collapse_in_Classic_Maya_Kingdoms">All of a Piece The Politics of Growth and Collapse in Classic Maya Kingdoms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="72680776" href="https://uj-pl.academia.edu/ContributionsinNewWorldArchaeology">Contributions in New World Archaeology</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="269031" href="https://brown.academia.edu/AndrewScherer">Andrew Scherer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Contributions in New World Archaeology, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The political processes that lead to the growth of complex, state organized, societies are often taken to be dramatically different from the processes that lead to the collapse of such systems. Periods of growth are interpreted as the product of fully functioning and healthy political regimes and societies, while periods of political collapse and demographic dissolution are interpreted as the result of one or another systemic pathology. Thus the &quot;Maya Collapse&quot; of the Southern Lowlands in the 9th century AD has been interpreted as the result of warfare raging out of control, climatic change, peasant revolts, invasions of peoples from outside the Southern Lowlands, or some nuanced combination of these prime movers. Bringing together epigraphic data and the results of our archaeological research in the Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan kingdoms, we will argue, instead, that the growth and collapse of the Classic period kingdoms of the Usumacinta Basin was all of a piece. It is our argument that the very political processes that allowed the dynasties of Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan to establish themselves in small nucleated capitals and slowly extend their control over an ever growing territory lead in a logical-though by no means inevitable-way to their eventual collapse. Resumen Los procesos políticos que producen el crecimiento de las sociedades complejas, organizadas como estados, han sido percibidos como procesos distintos de los que contribuyen al colapso de esos sistemas. Los períodos de crecimiento se interpretan como el producto del saludable y pleno funcionamiento de los regímenes políticos y las sociedades, mientras que los períodos de colapso político y la disolución demográfica se interpretan como el resultado de una u otra patología sistémica. Así, el &quot;Colapso Maya&quot; de las tierras bajas del sur en el siglo noveno dC se ha interpretado como el resultado de la guerra fuera de control, el cambio climático, las revueltas campesinas, las invasiones de los pueblos extranjeros, o alguna combinación de estos. Al reunir los datos epigráficos y los resultados de nuestra investigación arqueológica en los reinos de Piedras Negras y Yaxchilán, se argumentará, en cambio, que se formó el crecimiento y el colapso de los reinos del período Clásico de la Cuenca del Usumacinta de una sola pieza. Es nuestro argumento que los mismos procesos que permitieron a las dinastías de Piedras Negras y Yaxchilán a establecerse en pequeñas capitales nucleadas y poco a poco extender su control sobre un territorio cada vez mayor resultó de una forma lógica-aunque de ninguna manera inevitable-a su eventual colapso.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;All of a Piece The Politics of Growth and Collapse in Classic Maya Kingdoms&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:62944498,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/42727779/All_of_a_Piece_The_Politics_of_Growth_and_Collapse_in_Classic_Maya_Kingdoms&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/42727779/All_of_a_Piece_The_Politics_of_Growth_and_Collapse_in_Classic_Maya_Kingdoms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="856604" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/856604/Piedras_Negras_and_Yaxchilan_Divergent_Political_Trajectories_in_Adjacent_Maya_Polities">Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan: Divergent Political Trajectories in Adjacent Maya Polities</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="269031" href="https://brown.academia.edu/AndrewScherer">Andrew Scherer</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan: Divergent Political Trajectories in Adjacent Maya Polities&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:5168102,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/856604/Piedras_Negras_and_Yaxchilan_Divergent_Political_Trajectories_in_Adjacent_Maya_Polities&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/856604/Piedras_Negras_and_Yaxchilan_Divergent_Political_Trajectories_in_Adjacent_Maya_Polities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="4413182" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4413182/Golden_and_Scherer_All_of_a_Piece_The_Politics_of_Growth_and_Collapse_in_Classic_Maya_Kingdoms">Golden and Scherer - 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Cambridge Archaeological Journal.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="746870" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/SarahNewman">Sarah Newman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Review Essay: Marken and Fitzsimmons (2015), Classic Maya Polities of the Southern Lowlands: Integration, Interaction, Dissolution \u0026 Kurnick and Baron (2016), Political Strategies of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Cambridge Archaeological Journal.&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:54293748,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/34414255/Review_Essay_Marken_and_Fitzsimmons_2015_Classic_Maya_Polities_of_the_Southern_Lowlands_Integration_Interaction_Dissolution_and_Kurnick_and_Baron_2016_Political_Strategies_of_Pre_Columbian_Mesoamerica_Cambridge_Archaeological_Journal&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34414255/Review_Essay_Marken_and_Fitzsimmons_2015_Classic_Maya_Polities_of_the_Southern_Lowlands_Integration_Interaction_Dissolution_and_Kurnick_and_Baron_2016_Political_Strategies_of_Pre_Columbian_Mesoamerica_Cambridge_Archaeological_Journal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="832327" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/832327/Evolution_of_Maya_polities_in_the_ancient_Mesoamerican_system">Evolution of Maya polities in the ancient Mesoamerican system</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116942" href="https://essex.academia.edu/ToddLandman">Todd Landman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Studies Quarterly, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Evolution of Maya polities in the ancient Mesoamerican system&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:51220706,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/832327/Evolution_of_Maya_polities_in_the_ancient_Mesoamerican_system&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/832327/Evolution_of_Maya_polities_in_the_ancient_Mesoamerican_system"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="98397109" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98397109/The_Collapse_of_The_ClassiC_Maya_KingdoMs_of_The_souThwesTern_peT%C3%A9n_iMpliCaTions_for_The_end_of_ClassiC_Maya_CivilizaTion">The Collapse of The ClassiC Maya KingdoMs of The souThwesTern peTén : iMpliCaTions for The end of ClassiC Maya CivilizaTion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="213959096" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DemarestArthur">Arthur Demarest</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A long-standing problem in the study of Maya civilization is the eighth to tenth century end of the Classic Lowland Maya Civilization. The so-called “collapse” of Maya civilization has been the subject of popular speculation, as well as serious study and debate throughout the twentieth century. What must be made clear at the outset is that — in keeping with the theme of this volume — this crisis in the Maya tradition was the end of only one manifestation of that tradition: it was specifically the end of the city-states in the Maya lowlands, especially the southern lowlands. The Maya tradition continued elsewhere with vigor and recovered significantly in the northern lowlands. It was one specific episode in the vast spectrum of Maya civilization discussed in this volume. Nonetheless, the late eighth to tenth century crisis in the Maya tradition in the lowlands is of tremendous interest for comparative studies of civilizations. The end of the city-states of the lowlands can be compare...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;The Collapse of The ClassiC Maya KingdoMs of The souThwesTern peTén : iMpliCaTions for The end of ClassiC Maya CivilizaTion&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:99759469,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/98397109/The_Collapse_of_The_ClassiC_Maya_KingdoMs_of_The_souThwesTern_peT%C3%A9n_iMpliCaTions_for_The_end_of_ClassiC_Maya_CivilizaTion&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98397109/The_Collapse_of_The_ClassiC_Maya_KingdoMs_of_The_souThwesTern_peT%C3%A9n_iMpliCaTions_for_The_end_of_ClassiC_Maya_CivilizaTion"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="75452300" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75452300/Chronology_and_the_Evidence_for_War_in_the_Ancient_Maya_Kingdom_of_Piedras_Negras">Chronology and the Evidence for War in the Ancient Maya Kingdom of Piedras Negras</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="269031" href="https://brown.academia.edu/AndrewScherer">Andrew Scherer</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4788294" href="https://pitt.academia.edu/JoshuaSchnell">Joshua T Schnell</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1783973" href="https://brown.academia.edu/AlejandraRocheRecinos">Alejandra Roche Recinos</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1179508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SocorroJimenez">Socorro Jimenez</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9066562" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/MalloryMatsumoto">Mallory Matsumoto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Through a case study of the Classic period (A.D. 350–900) kingdom of Piedras Negras, this paper addresses a number of debates in the archaeology of war among the ancient Maya. These findings have broader comparative use in ongoing attempts to understand war in the precolonial Americas, including the frequency of war, its role in processes of polity formation and collapse, the involvement of non-elites in combat, and the cause and effect of captive-taking. This paper provides the first synthesis of a number of datasets pertaining to war and violence in the region of Piedras Negras while presenting new settlement data gleaned from recent lidar survey of the area. Focus is especially on tracing the material, iconographic, and epigraphic evidence for war in diachronic perspective. Material evidence includes the spatial distribution of settlement, presence of fortifications, weaponry, and human skeletal remains demonstrating evidence of traumatic injury. Additional data are drawn from epigraphy and iconography. As with all archaeological contexts, there are crucial gaps in the record. Nevertheless, by combining these datasets it is possible to reconstruct a history of warfare within this precolonial indigenous polity of the first millennium.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Chronology and the Evidence for War in the Ancient Maya Kingdom of Piedras Negras&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:104287537,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/75452300/Chronology_and_the_Evidence_for_War_in_the_Ancient_Maya_Kingdom_of_Piedras_Negras&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75452300/Chronology_and_the_Evidence_for_War_in_the_Ancient_Maya_Kingdom_of_Piedras_Negras"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="37547712" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37547712/Middle_Preclassic_Maya_Society_Tilting_at_Windmills_or_Giants_of_Civilization">Middle Preclassic Maya Society: Tilting at Windmills or Giants of Civilization?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="265769" href="https://tulane.academia.edu/MarcelloACanuto">Marcello A . Canuto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Origins of Maya States, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Middle Preclassic Maya Society: Tilting at Windmills or Giants of Civilization?&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:57522929,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/37547712/Middle_Preclassic_Maya_Society_Tilting_at_Windmills_or_Giants_of_Civilization&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37547712/Middle_Preclassic_Maya_Society_Tilting_at_Windmills_or_Giants_of_Civilization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="4188306" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4188306/Golden_and_Scherer_Territory_Trust_Growth_and_Collapse_in_Classic_Period_Maya_Kingdoms_Current_Anthropology_2013">Golden and Scherer - Territory, Trust, Growth, and Collapse in Classic Period Maya Kingdoms - Current Anthropology 2013</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="322331" href="https://brandeis.academia.edu/CharlesGolden">Charles Golden</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Golden and Scherer - Territory, Trust, Growth, and Collapse in Classic Period Maya Kingdoms - Current Anthropology 2013&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:31686820,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/4188306/Golden_and_Scherer_Territory_Trust_Growth_and_Collapse_in_Classic_Period_Maya_Kingdoms_Current_Anthropology_2013&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4188306/Golden_and_Scherer_Territory_Trust_Growth_and_Collapse_in_Classic_Period_Maya_Kingdoms_Current_Anthropology_2013"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="7515366" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7515366/Water_in_the_West_Chronology_and_Collapse_of_the_Western_Maya_River_Kingdoms">Water in the West: Chronology and Collapse of the Western Maya River Kingdoms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="269031" href="https://brown.academia.edu/AndrewScherer">Andrew Scherer</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Water in the West: Chronology and Collapse of the Western Maya River Kingdoms&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:42617268,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/7515366/Water_in_the_West_Chronology_and_Collapse_of_the_Western_Maya_River_Kingdoms&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7515366/Water_in_the_West_Chronology_and_Collapse_of_the_Western_Maya_River_Kingdoms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:34083942,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:34083942,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_34083942" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="1067819" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1067819/FORMATION_OF_A_COMPLEX_POLITY_ON_THE_EASTERN_PERIPHERY_OF_THE_MAYA_LOWLANDS">FORMATION OF A COMPLEX POLITY ON THE EASTERN PERIPHERY OF THE MAYA LOWLANDS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="203482" href="https://unm.academia.edu/KeithPrufer">Keith Prufer</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="913676" href="https://ucmerced.academia.edu/HolleyMoyes">Holley Moyes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">pages.uoregon.edu</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;FORMATION OF A COMPLEX POLITY ON THE EASTERN PERIPHERY OF THE MAYA LOWLANDS&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:6532470,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/1067819/FORMATION_OF_A_COMPLEX_POLITY_ON_THE_EASTERN_PERIPHERY_OF_THE_MAYA_LOWLANDS&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1067819/FORMATION_OF_A_COMPLEX_POLITY_ON_THE_EASTERN_PERIPHERY_OF_THE_MAYA_LOWLANDS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="8085268" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8085268/The_Classic_Maya_Western_Region_A_History_BAR_Int_Series_2308_Oxford_2011_">The Classic Maya Western Region: A History (BAR Int. 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Braswell,2012.Sheffield:Equinox; ISBN978-1-908049-31-5 hardback £85 &amp; $140; xiv +386 pp., 134 figs., 10 tables</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3596262" href="https://williams.academia.edu/AntoniaFoias">Antonia Foias</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;The Ancient Maya of Mexico: Reinterpreting the Past of the Northern Maya Lowlands, edited byGeoffrey E. 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