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class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the sport. For the insect, see <a href="/wiki/Cricket_(insect)" title="Cricket (insect)">Cricket (insect)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cricket_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cricket (disambiguation)">Cricket (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cricketer" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cricketer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cricketer (disambiguation)">Cricketer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Croquet" title="Croquet">Croquet</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Cricket is a <a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">bat-and-ball game</a> played between two <a href="/wiki/Sports_team" title="Sports team">teams</a> of eleven players on a <a href="/wiki/Cricket_field" title="Cricket field">field</a>, at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre; 66-foot) <a href="/wiki/Cricket_pitch" title="Cricket pitch">pitch</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">wicket</a> at each end, each comprising two <a href="/wiki/Bail_(cricket)" title="Bail (cricket)">bails</a> (small sticks) balanced on three <a href="/wiki/Stump_(cricket)" title="Stump (cricket)">stumps</a>. Two players from the <a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">batting</a> team, the striker and nonstriker, stand in front of either wicket holding <a href="/wiki/Cricket_bat" title="Cricket bat">bats</a>, while one player from the <a href="/wiki/Fielding_(cricket)" title="Fielding (cricket)">fielding</a> team, the bowler, <a href="/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)" title="Bowling (cricket)">bowls</a> the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">ball</a> toward the striker's wicket from the opposite end of the pitch. The striker's goal is to hit the bowled ball with the bat and then switch places with the nonstriker, with the batting team scoring one <a href="/wiki/Run_(cricket)" title="Run (cricket)">run</a> for each of these exchanges. Runs are also scored when the ball reaches the <a href="/wiki/Boundary_(cricket)" title="Boundary (cricket)">boundary</a> of the field or when the ball is bowled <a href="/wiki/Illegal_delivery_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal delivery (cricket)">illegally</a>. <table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Cricket</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Pollock_to_Hussey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Pollock_to_Hussey.jpg/300px-Pollock_to_Hussey.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Pollock_to_Hussey.jpg/450px-Pollock_to_Hussey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Pollock_to_Hussey.jpg/600px-Pollock_to_Hussey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="555"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Pollock" title="Shaun Pollock">Shaun Pollock</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa cricket team">South Africa</a> bowls to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hussey" title="Michael Hussey">Michael Hussey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Australia_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia cricket team">Australia</a> during the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day_Test" title="Boxing Day Test">Boxing Day Test</a> match at the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a>.</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Cricket_Council" title="International Cricket Council">International Cricket Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Nicknames</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">The Gentlemen's Game<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">First played</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">16th century; <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Contact</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Contact_sport#Non-contact" title="Contact sport">No</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Team members</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">11 players per side (<a href="/wiki/Substitute_(cricket)" title="Substitute (cricket)">substitutes</a> permitted in some circumstances)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports" title="Mixed-sex sports">Mixed-sex</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No, separate competitions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">Team sport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">Bat-and-Ball</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">Cricket ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cricket_bat" title="Cricket bat">Cricket bat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">Wicket</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stump_(cricket)" title="Stump (cricket)">Stumps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bail_(cricket)" title="Bail (cricket)">Bails</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cricket_clothing_and_equipment" title="Cricket clothing and equipment">Protective equipment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Venue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Cricket_field" title="Cricket field">Cricket field</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Glossary</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cricket_terms" title="Glossary of cricket terms">Glossary of cricket terms</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Country or region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Worldwide (most popular in <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">the Commonwealth</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Cricket_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Cricket at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cricket_at_the_2028_Summer_Olympics" title="Cricket at the 2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> The fielding team aims to prevent runs by <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(cricket)" title="Dismissal (cricket)">dismissing</a> batters (so they are "out"). Dismissal can occur in various ways, including being <a href="/wiki/Bowled" title="Bowled">bowled</a> (when the ball hits the striker's wicket and dislodges the bails), and by the fielding side either <a href="/wiki/Caught" title="Caught">catching</a> the ball after it is hit by the bat but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball <a href="/wiki/Run_out" title="Run out">before</a> a batter can cross the <a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)" title="Crease (cricket)">crease line</a> in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the <a href="/wiki/Innings" title="Innings">innings</a> (playing phase) ends and the teams swap roles. <a href="/wiki/Forms_of_cricket" title="Forms of cricket">Forms of cricket</a> range from traditional <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test matches</a> played over five days to the newer <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Twenty20</a> format (also known as T20), in which each team bats for a single innings of 20 <a href="/wiki/Over_(cricket)" title="Over (cricket)">overs</a> (each "over" being a set of 6 fair opportunities for the batting team to score) and the game generally lasts three to four hours. Traditionally, cricketers play in all-white <a href="/wiki/Cricket_clothing_and_equipment" title="Cricket clothing and equipment">kit</a>, but in <a href="/wiki/Limited_overs_cricket" title="Limited overs cricket">limited overs cricket</a>, they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a> with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a> core layered with tightly wound string. The earliest known definite reference to cricket is to it being played in <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a> in the mid-16th century. It spread globally with the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, with the first international matches in the second half of the 19th century. The game's governing body is the <a href="/wiki/International_Cricket_Council" title="International Cricket Council">International Cricket Council</a> (ICC), which has over 100 members, twelve of which are <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Cricket_Council_members" title="List of International Cricket Council members">full members</a> who play Test matches. The game's rules, the <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Cricket" title="Laws of Cricket">Laws of Cricket</a>, are maintained by <a href="/wiki/Marylebone_Cricket_Club" title="Marylebone Cricket Club">Marylebone Cricket Club</a> (MCC) in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. The sport is followed primarily in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> While traditionally, cricket has largely been played by men, <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_cricket" title="Women's cricket">Women's cricket</a> has experienced large growth in the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The most successful side playing <a href="/wiki/International_cricket" title="International cricket">international cricket</a> is <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team">Australia</a>, which has won eight <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day International</a> trophies, including six <a href="/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup" title="Cricket World Cup">World Cups</a>, more than any other country, and has been the <a href="/wiki/ICC_Test_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC Test Championship">top-rated Test side</a> more than any other country.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Origins">1.1 Origins</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Growth_of_amateur_and_professional_cricket_in_England">1.2 Growth of amateur and professional cricket in England</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#English_cricket_in_the_18th_and_19th_centuries">1.3 English cricket in the 18th and 19th centuries</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Cricket_becomes_an_international_sport">1.4 Cricket becomes an international sport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Cricket_in_the_20th_century">1.5 Cricket in the 20th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Cricket_in_the_21st_century">1.6 Cricket in the 21st century</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Laws_and_gameplay">2 Laws and gameplay</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Playing_area">2.1 Playing area</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Match_structure">2.2 Match structure</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Clothing_and_equipment">2.3 Clothing and equipment</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Bat_and_ball">2.3.1 Bat and ball</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Player_roles">2.4 Player roles</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Basic_gameplay:_bowler_to_batter">2.4.1 Basic gameplay: bowler to batter</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-15"><a href="#Overs">2.4.1.1 Overs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Fielding">2.4.2 Fielding</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Batting_and_scoring">2.4.3 Batting and scoring</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Dismissals">2.4.4 Dismissals</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Bowling">2.4.5 Bowling</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Specialist_roles">2.4.6 Specialist roles</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Match_closure">2.5 Match closure</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Innings">2.5.1 Innings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Umpires_and_scorers">2.6 Umpires and scorers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Spirit_of_the_Game">2.7 Spirit of the Game</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Women's_cricket">3 Women's cricket</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Governance">4 Governance</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Forms_of_cricket">5 Forms of cricket</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Competitions">6 Competitions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#International_competitions">6.1 International competitions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#National_competitions">6.2 National competitions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#First-class">6.2.1 First-class</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#Limited_overs">6.2.2 Limited overs</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#Other">6.2.3 Other</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Club_and_school_cricket">6.3 Club and school cricket</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Rivalries">6.4 Rivalries</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Culture">7 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Influence_on_everyday_life">7.1 Influence on everyday life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#In_the_arts_and_popular_culture">7.2 In the arts and popular culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Influence_on_other_sports">7.3 Influence on other sports</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Footnotes">9 Footnotes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#Citations">10 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Sources">11 Sources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Further_reading">12 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#External_links">13 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_cricket" title="History of cricket">History of cricket</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_cricket_to_1725" title="History of cricket to 1725">History of cricket to 1725</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cantigas_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_-_Xogo_da_pelota.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Cantigas_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_-_Xogo_da_pelota.jpg/220px-Cantigas_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_-_Xogo_da_pelota.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="286"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 210px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Cantigas_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_-_Xogo_da_pelota.jpg/220px-Cantigas_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_-_Xogo_da_pelota.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="210" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Cantigas_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_-_Xogo_da_pelota.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A medieval "club ball" game involving an underarm bowl towards a batter. Ball catchers are shown positioning themselves to catch a ball. Detail from the <a href="/wiki/Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria" title="Cantigas de Santa Maria">Canticles of Holy Mary</a>, 13th century.</figcaption></figure> Cricket is one of many games in the "club ball" sphere that involve hitting a ball with a hand-held implement. Others include <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> (which shares many <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_baseball_and_cricket" title="Comparison of baseball and cricket">similarities</a> with cricket, both belonging in the more specific <a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">bat-and-ball games</a> category<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>), <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">squash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JM17-7">[7]</a> In cricket's case, a key difference is the existence of a solid target structure, the wicket (originally, it is thought, a "<a href="/wiki/Wicket_gate" title="Wicket gate">wicket gate</a>" through which sheep were herded), that the batter must defend.<a href="#cite_note-BWC1-8">[8]</a> The cricket historian <a href="/wiki/Harry_Altham" title="Harry Altham">Harry Altham</a> identified three "groups" of "club ball" games: the "hockey group", in which the ball is driven to and from between two targets (the goals); the "golf group", in which the ball is driven towards an undefended target (the hole); and the "cricket group", in which "the ball is aimed at a mark (the wicket) and driven away from it".<a href="#cite_note-HSA19-9">[9]</a> It is generally believed that cricket originated as a <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's game">children's game</a> in the south-eastern counties of England, sometime during the <a href="/wiki/England_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="England in the Middle Ages">medieval period</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BWC1-8">[8]</a> Although there are claims for prior dates, the earliest definite reference to cricket being played comes from evidence given at a court case in <a href="/wiki/Guildford" title="Guildford">Guildford</a> in January 1597 (<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">Old Style</a>, equating to January 1598 in the modern calendar). The case concerned ownership of a certain plot of land, and the court heard the testimony of a 59-year-old <a href="/wiki/Coroner" title="Coroner">coroner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Derrick_(coroner)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Derrick (coroner)">John Derrick</a>, who gave witness that:<a href="#cite_note-HSA21-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-DU3-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-JM19-12">[12]</a> <blockquote>Being a scholler in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Grammar_School,_Guildford" title="Royal Grammar School, Guildford">ffree schoole of Guldeford</a> hee and diverse of his fellows did runne and play there at creckett and other plaies.</blockquote> Given Derrick's age, it was about half a century earlier when he was at school, and so it is certain that cricket was being played <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1550 by boys in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JM19-12">[12]</a> The view that it was originally a children's game is reinforced by <a href="/wiki/Randle_Cotgrave" title="Randle Cotgrave">Randle Cotgrave</a>'s 1611 English-<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> dictionary in which he defined the noun "crosse" as "the crooked staff wherewith boys play at cricket", and the verb form "crosser" as "to play at cricket".<a href="#cite_note-HSA22-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-JM31-14">[14]</a> One possible source for the sport's name is the <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a> word "cryce" (or "cricc") meaning a crutch or staff. In <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>'s Dictionary, he derived cricket from "cryce, Saxon, a stick".<a href="#cite_note-HSA21-10">[10]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a>, the word "criquet" seems to have meant a kind of club or stick.<a href="#cite_note-DB3-15">[15]</a> Given the strong medieval trade connections between south-east England and the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a> when the latter belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Duchy of Burgundy</a>, the name may have been derived from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch" title="Middle Dutch">Middle Dutch</a> (in use in Flanders at the time) "krick"(-e), meaning a stick (crook).<a href="#cite_note-DB3-15">[15]</a> Another possible source is the Middle Dutch word "krickstoel", meaning a long low stool used for kneeling in church that resembled the long low <a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">wicket</a> with two <a href="/wiki/Stump_(cricket)" title="Stump (cricket)">stumps</a> used in early cricket.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> According to Heiner Gillmeister, a European language expert of <a href="/wiki/Bonn_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonn University">Bonn University</a>, "cricket" derives from the Middle Dutch phrase for hockey, "met de (krik ket)sen" ("with the stick chase").<a href="#cite_note-17CGC-17">[17]</a> Gillmeister has suggested that not only the name but also the sport itself may be of Flemish origin.<a href="#cite_note-17CGC-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_of_amateur_and_professional_cricket_in_England">Growth of amateur and professional cricket in England</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historical_cricket_bat_art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historical_cricket_bat_art.jpg/220px-Historical_cricket_bat_art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="866"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 199px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historical_cricket_bat_art.jpg/220px-Historical_cricket_bat_art.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="199" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historical_cricket_bat_art.jpg/330px-Historical_cricket_bat_art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Historical_cricket_bat_art.jpg/440px-Historical_cricket_bat_art.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Evolution of the cricket bat. The original "<a href="/wiki/Hockey_stick" title="Hockey stick">hockey stick</a>" (left) evolved into the straight bat from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1760, when <a href="/wiki/Pitched_delivery_bowling" title="Pitched delivery bowling">pitched delivery bowling</a> began.</figcaption></figure> Although the main object of the game has always been to score the most <a href="/wiki/Run_(cricket)" title="Run (cricket)">runs</a>, the early form of cricket differed from the modern game in certain key technical aspects; the North American variant of cricket known as <a href="/wiki/Wicket_(sport)" title="Wicket (sport)">wicket</a> retained many of these aspects.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">ball</a> was <a href="/wiki/Underarm_bowling" title="Underarm bowling">bowled underarm</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)" title="Bowling (cricket)">bowler</a> and along the ground towards a <a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">batter</a> armed with a <a href="/wiki/Cricket_bat" title="Cricket bat">bat</a> that in shape resembled a <a href="/wiki/Hockey_stick" title="Hockey stick">hockey stick</a>; the batter defended a low, two-stump <a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">wicket</a>; and runs were called notches because the <a href="/wiki/Scoring_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoring (cricket)">scorers</a> recorded them by notching tally sticks.<a href="#cite_note-DB9-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-BWC2-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-JM21-21">[21]</a> In 1611, the year <a href="/wiki/Randle_Cotgrave" title="Randle Cotgrave">Cotgrave</a>'s dictionary was published, <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court" title="Ecclesiastical court">ecclesiastical court</a> records at <a href="/wiki/Sidlesham" title="Sidlesham">Sidlesham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a> state that two parishioners, Bartholomew Wyatt and Richard Latter, failed to attend church on <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a> because they were playing cricket. They were fined 12<a href="/wiki/Penny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British pre-decimal coin)">d</a> each and ordered to do <a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">penance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> This is the earliest mention of adult participation in cricket and it was around the same time that the earliest known organised inter-parish or <a href="/wiki/Village_cricket" title="Village cricket">village</a> match was played, at <a href="/wiki/Chevening,_Kent" title="Chevening, Kent">Chevening, Kent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HSA21-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-DU4-23">[23]</a> In 1624, a player called <a href="/wiki/Jasper_Vinall" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasper Vinall">Jasper Vinall</a> died after he was accidentally struck on the head during a match between two parish teams in Sussex.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Cricket remained a low-key local pursuit for much of the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-JM31-14">[14]</a> It is known, through numerous references found in the records of ecclesiastical court cases, to have been proscribed at times by the <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a> before and during the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-DU11-26">[26]</a> The problem was nearly always the issue of Sunday play, as the Puritans considered cricket to be "profane" if played on the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>, especially if large crowds or <a href="/wiki/Sport_gambling" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport gambling">gambling</a> were involved.<a href="#cite_note-DB7-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-JM23-28">[28]</a> According to the social historian <a href="/wiki/Derek_Birley" title="Derek Birley">Derek Birley</a>, there was a "great upsurge of sport after the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">Restoration</a>" in 1660.<a href="#cite_note-DB11-29">[29]</a> Several members of the court of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England,_Scotland_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland">Charles II</a> took a strong interest in cricket during that era.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Gambling on sport became a problem significant enough for <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> to pass the 1664 Gambling Act, limiting stakes to <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>100, which was, in any case, a colossal sum exceeding the annual income of 99% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-DB11-29">[29]</a> Along with <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Prizefighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Prizefighting">prizefighting</a> and other types of <a href="/wiki/Blood_sport" title="Blood sport">blood sport</a>, cricket was perceived to be a gambling sport.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Rich patrons made matches for high stakes, forming teams in which they engaged the first professional players.<a href="#cite_note-RW10-32">[32]</a> By the end of the century, cricket had developed into a major sport that was spreading throughout England and was already being taken abroad by English mariners and colonisers—the earliest reference to cricket overseas is dated 1676.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> A 1697 newspaper report survives of "a great cricket match" played in Sussex "for fifty guineas apiece", the earliest known contest that is generally considered a <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">First Class</a> match.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The patrons and other players from the <a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentry</a> began to classify themselves as "<a href="/wiki/Amateur_status_in_first-class_cricket" title="Amateur status in first-class cricket">amateurs</a>"<a href="#cite_note-amateur-36">[fn 1]</a> to establish a clear distinction from the professionals, who were invariably members of the <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a>, even to the point of having separate changing and dining facilities.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> The gentry, including such high-ranking nobles as the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Richmond" title="Duke of Richmond">Dukes of Richmond</a>, exerted their honour code of <a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">noblesse oblige</a> to claim rights of leadership in any sporting contests they took part in, especially as it was necessary for them to play alongside their "social inferiors" if they were to win their bets.<a href="#cite_note-DB19-38">[37]</a> In time, a perception took hold that the typical amateur who played in first-class cricket, until 1962 when amateurism was abolished, was someone with a <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public school</a> education who had then gone to one of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> or <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford University</a>. Society insisted that such people were "officers and gentlemen" whose destiny was to provide leadership.<a href="#cite_note-CW23-39">[38]</a> In a purely financial sense, the cricketing amateur would theoretically claim expenses for playing while his professional counterpart played under contract and was paid a wage or match fee; in practice, many amateurs claimed more than actual expenditure, and the derisive term "shamateur" was coined to describe the practice.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-DB146-41">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_cricket_in_the_18th_and_19th_centuries">English cricket in the 18th and 19th centuries</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Cotes_-_The_young_cricketer_(1768).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Francis_Cotes_-_The_young_cricketer_%281768%29.jpg/170px-Francis_Cotes_-_The_young_cricketer_%281768%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="4690"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 261px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Francis_Cotes_-_The_young_cricketer_%281768%29.jpg/170px-Francis_Cotes_-_The_young_cricketer_%281768%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="261" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Francis_Cotes_-_The_young_cricketer_%281768%29.jpg/255px-Francis_Cotes_-_The_young_cricketer_%281768%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Francis_Cotes_-_The_young_cricketer_%281768%29.jpg/340px-Francis_Cotes_-_The_young_cricketer_%281768%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cotes" title="Francis Cotes">Francis Cotes</a>, The Young Cricketer, 1768</figcaption></figure> The game underwent major development in the 18th century to become England's <a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">national sport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> Its success was underwritten by the twin necessities of patronage and betting.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Cricket was prominent in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> as early as 1707 and, in the middle years of the century, large crowds flocked to matches on the <a href="/wiki/Artillery_Ground" title="Artillery Ground">Artillery Ground</a> in <a href="/wiki/Finsbury" title="Finsbury">Finsbury</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Single_wicket_cricket" title="Single wicket cricket">single wicket</a> form of the sport attracted huge crowds and wagers to match, its popularity peaking in the <a href="/wiki/1748_English_cricket_season" title="1748 English cricket season">1748 season</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ASW-44">[43]</a> Bowling underwent an evolution around 1760 when bowlers began to <a href="/wiki/Pitched_delivery_bowling" title="Pitched delivery bowling">pitch (bounce) the ball</a> instead of rolling or skimming it towards the batter. This caused a revolution in bat design because, to deal with the bouncing ball, it was necessary to introduce the modern straight bat in place of the old "hockey stick" shape.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Hambledon_Club" title="Hambledon Club">Hambledon Club</a> was founded in the 1760s and, for the next twenty years until the formation of <a href="/wiki/Marylebone_Cricket_Club" title="Marylebone Cricket Club">Marylebone Cricket Club</a> (MCC) and the opening of <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Old_Ground" title="Lord's Old Ground">Lord's Old Ground</a> in 1787, Hambledon was both the game's greatest club and its focal point.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] MCC quickly became the sport's premier club and the custodian of the <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Cricket" title="Laws of Cricket">Laws of Cricket</a>. New Laws introduced in the latter part of the 18th century include the three-stump wicket and <a href="/wiki/Leg_before_wicket" title="Leg before wicket">leg before wicket</a> (lbw).<a href="#cite_note-WCA63-46">[45]</a> The 19th century saw <a href="/wiki/Underarm_bowling" title="Underarm bowling">underarm bowling</a> superseded by first <a href="/wiki/Roundarm_bowling" title="Roundarm bowling">roundarm</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Overarm_bowling" title="Overarm bowling">overarm bowling</a>. Both developments were controversial.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Organisation of the game at county level led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/County_cricket_club" class="mw-redirect" title="County cricket club">county clubs</a>, starting with <a href="/wiki/Sussex_County_Cricket_Club" title="Sussex County Cricket Club">Sussex</a> in 1839.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> In December 1889, the eight leading county clubs formed the official <a href="/wiki/County_Championship" title="County Championship">County Championship</a>, which began in 1890.<a href="#cite_note-AMCS-49">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_photo_of_a_cricket_match_by_Roger_Fenton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/First_photo_of_a_cricket_match_by_Roger_Fenton.jpg/220px-First_photo_of_a_cricket_match_by_Roger_Fenton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1374" data-file-height="603"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 97px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/First_photo_of_a_cricket_match_by_Roger_Fenton.jpg/220px-First_photo_of_a_cricket_match_by_Roger_Fenton.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="97" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/First_photo_of_a_cricket_match_by_Roger_Fenton.jpg/330px-First_photo_of_a_cricket_match_by_Roger_Fenton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/First_photo_of_a_cricket_match_by_Roger_Fenton.jpg/440px-First_photo_of_a_cricket_match_by_Roger_Fenton.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The first recorded photo of a cricket match taken on 25 July 1857 by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Fenton" title="Roger Fenton">Roger Fenton</a></figcaption></figure> The most famous player of the 19th century was <a href="/wiki/W._G._Grace" title="W. G. Grace">W. G. Grace</a>, who started his long and influential career in 1865. It was especially during the career of Grace that the distinction between amateurs and professionals became blurred by the existence of players like him who were nominally amateur but, in terms of their financial gain, de facto professional. Grace himself was said to have been paid more money for playing cricket than any professional.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The last two decades before the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> have been called the "<a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Age of cricket">Golden Age of cricket</a>". It is a nostalgic name prompted by the collective sense of loss resulting from the war, but the period did produce some great players and memorable matches, especially as organised competition at county and <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test level</a> developed.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cricket_becomes_an_international_sport">Cricket becomes an international sport</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:England_in_North_America_1859.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/England_in_North_America_1859.jpg/220px-England_in_North_America_1859.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="643"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/England_in_North_America_1859.jpg/220px-England_in_North_America_1859.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/England_in_North_America_1859.jpg/330px-England_in_North_America_1859.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/England_in_North_America_1859.jpg/440px-England_in_North_America_1859.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The first English team to tour overseas, on board ship to North America, 1859</figcaption></figure> In 1844, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_v_Canada_(1844)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States v Canada (1844)">first-ever international match</a> took place between what were essentially club teams, from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_national_cricket_team" title="United States national cricket team">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada_national_cricket_team" title="Canada national cricket team">Canada</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>; Canada won.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> In 1859, a team of English players went to North America on <a href="/wiki/English_cricket_team_in_North_America_in_1859" title="English cricket team in North America in 1859">the first overseas tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> had been instrumental in spreading the game overseas, and by the middle of the 19th century it had become well established in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> (which includes present-day <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>), <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> In 1862, an English team made the first tour of Australia.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> The first Australian team to travel overseas consisted of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Aboriginal</a> <a href="/wiki/Stockman_(Australia)" title="Stockman (Australia)">stockmen</a> who <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_cricket_team_in_England_in_1868" title="Australian Aboriginal cricket team in England in 1868">toured England in 1868</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> In 1876–77, an <a href="/wiki/England_cricket_team" title="England cricket team">England team</a> took part in what was retrospectively recognised as the first-ever <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test match</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a> against <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team">Australia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> The rivalry between England and Australia gave birth to <a href="/wiki/The_Ashes" title="The Ashes">The Ashes</a> in 1882, which remains Test cricket's most famous contest.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Test cricket began to expand in 1888–89 when <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_national_cricket_team" title="South Africa national cricket team">South Africa</a> played England.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cricket_in_the_20th_century">Cricket in the 20th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bradman%26Bat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bradman%26Bat.jpg/170px-Bradman%26Bat.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="199" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2138" data-file-height="2500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 199px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bradman%26Bat.jpg/170px-Bradman%26Bat.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="199" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bradman%26Bat.jpg/255px-Bradman%26Bat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bradman%26Bat.jpg/340px-Bradman%26Bat.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Don_Bradman" title="Don Bradman">Don Bradman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team">Australia</a> had a record Test <a href="/wiki/Batting_average" title="Batting average">batting average</a> of 99.94.</figcaption></figure> The inter-war years were dominated by <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team">Australia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Don_Bradman" title="Don Bradman">Don Bradman</a>, statistically the greatest Test batter of all time. To curb his dominance, England employed <a href="/wiki/Bodyline" title="Bodyline">bodyline</a> tactics during the <a href="/wiki/English_cricket_team_in_Australia_in_1932%E2%80%9333" title="English cricket team in Australia in 1932–33">1932–33 Ashes series</a>. These involved bowling at the body of the batter and setting a field, resulting in batters having to choose between being hit or risk getting out. This series moved cricket from a game to a matter of <a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">national importance</a>, with diplomatic cables being passed between the two countries over the incident.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> During this time, the number of Test nations continued to grow, with the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Cricket_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="West Indies Cricket Team">West Indies</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Cricket_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Cricket Team">New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Cricket_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Cricket Team">India</a> being admitted as full Test members within a four-year period from 1928 to 1932. An enforced break during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> stopped Test Cricket for a time, although the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a> caused <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Cricket_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Cricket Team">Pakistan</a> to gain Test status in 1952. As teams began to travel more, the game quickly grew from 500 tests in 84 years to 1000 within the next 23. Cricket entered a new era in 1963 when English counties introduced the <a href="/wiki/Limited_overs_cricket" title="Limited overs cricket">limited overs</a> variant.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> As it was sure to produce a result, limited overs cricket was lucrative, and the number of matches increased.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/Limited_Overs_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited Overs International">Limited Overs International</a> was played in 1971, and the governing <a href="/wiki/International_Cricket_Council" title="International Cricket Council">International Cricket Council</a> (ICC), seeing its potential, staged the first limited overs <a href="/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup" title="Cricket World Cup">Cricket World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/1975_Cricket_World_Cup" title="1975 Cricket World Cup">1975</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Cricket_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Cricket Team">Sri Lanka</a> joined the ranks in 1982. Meanwhile, South Africa was banned by the ICC due to <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> from 1970 until 1992. 1992 also brought about the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Cricket_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwe Cricket Team">Zimbabwe team</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cricket_in_the_21st_century">Cricket in the 21st century</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SRH_fans_while_an_ipl_match.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SRH_fans_while_an_ipl_match.jpg/200px-SRH_fans_while_an_ipl_match.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="108" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="342"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 108px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SRH_fans_while_an_ipl_match.jpg/200px-SRH_fans_while_an_ipl_match.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="108" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SRH_fans_while_an_ipl_match.jpg/300px-SRH_fans_while_an_ipl_match.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SRH_fans_while_an_ipl_match.jpg/400px-SRH_fans_while_an_ipl_match.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">Indian Premier League</a> (IPL) was launched in 2008. It has become one of the richest sports leagues in the world, and has greatly increased the importance of T20 cricket and franchise leagues.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a></figcaption></figure> The 21st century brought with it the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Cricket_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Cricket Team">Bangladesh Team</a>, who made their Test debut in 2000. The game itself also grew, with a new format made up of 20-over innings being created. This format, called <a href="/wiki/T20_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="T20 cricket">T20 cricket</a>, quickly became a highly popular format, putting the longer formats at risk. The new shorter format also introduced <a href="/wiki/Franchise_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franchise (sport)">franchise</a> cricket, with new tournaments like the Indian Premier League and the Australian <a href="/wiki/Big_Bash_League" title="Big Bash League">Big Bash League</a>. The ICC has selected the T20 format as cricket's growth format, and has introduced a <a href="/wiki/T20_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="T20 World Cup">T20 World Cup</a> which is played every two years;<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> T20 cricket has also been increasingly accepted into major events such as the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> The resultant growth has seen cricket's fanbase cross one billion people, with <a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_South_Asia" title="Cricket in South Asia">90% of them</a> in South Asia.<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> T20's success has also spawned even <a href="/wiki/Short_form_cricket" title="Short form cricket">shorter formats</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/T10_cricket" title="T10 cricket">10-over cricket</a> (T10) and <a href="/wiki/100-ball_cricket" title="100-ball cricket">100-ball cricket</a>, though not without controversy.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Outside factors have also taken their toll on cricket. For example, the <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">2008 Mumbai attacks</a> led India and Pakistan to suspend their <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_cricket_rivalry" title="India–Pakistan cricket rivalry">bilateral series</a> indefinitely. The <a href="/wiki/2009_attack_on_the_Sri_Lanka_national_cricket_team" title="2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team">2009 attack on the Sri Lankan team</a> during their tour of Pakistan led to Pakistan being unable to host matches until 2019.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_national_cricket_team" title="Afghanistan national cricket team">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland_cricket_team" title="Ireland cricket team">Ireland</a> became the 11th and 12th Test nations.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Laws_and_gameplay">Laws and gameplay</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Cricket" title="Laws of Cricket">Laws of Cricket</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricket_field_parts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cricket_field_parts.svg/200px-Cricket_field_parts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 220px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cricket_field_parts.svg/200px-Cricket_field_parts.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cricket_field_parts.svg/300px-Cricket_field_parts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cricket_field_parts.svg/400px-Cricket_field_parts.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A typical <a href="/wiki/Cricket_field" title="Cricket field">cricket field</a></figcaption></figure> In cricket, the rules of the game are codified in <a href="/wiki/The_Laws_of_Cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="The Laws of Cricket">The Laws of Cricket</a> (hereinafter called "the Laws"), which has a global remit. There are 42 Laws (always written with a capital "L"). The earliest known version of the code was drafted in 1744, and since 1788, it has been owned and maintained by its custodian, the <a href="/wiki/Marylebone_Cricket_Club" title="Marylebone Cricket Club">Marylebone Cricket Club</a> (MCC) in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Laws-75">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playing_area">Playing area</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cricket_field" title="Cricket field">Cricket field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cricket_pitch" title="Cricket pitch">Cricket pitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)" title="Crease (cricket)">Crease (cricket)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">Wicket</a></div> Cricket is a <a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">bat-and-ball game</a> played on a <a href="/wiki/Cricket_field" title="Cricket field">cricket field</a> (see image of cricket pitch and creases) between two teams of eleven players each.<a href="#cite_note-Law1-76">[75]</a> The field is usually circular or oval in shape, and the edge of the playing area is marked by a <a href="/wiki/Boundary_(cricket)" title="Boundary (cricket)">boundary</a>, which may be a fence, part of the stands, a rope, a painted line, or a combination of these; the boundary must if possible be marked along its entire length.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> In the approximate centre of the field is a rectangular <a href="/wiki/Cricket_pitch" title="Cricket pitch">pitch</a> (see image, below) on which a wooden target called a <a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">wicket</a> is sited at each end; the wickets are placed 22 yards (20 m) apart.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> The pitch is a flat surface 10 feet (3.0 m) wide, with very short grass that tends to be worn away as the game progresses (cricket can also be played on artificial surfaces, notably matting). Each wicket is made of three wooden <a href="/wiki/Stump_(cricket)" title="Stump (cricket)">stumps</a> topped by two <a href="/wiki/Bail_(cricket)" title="Bail (cricket)">bails</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricket_pitch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cricket_pitch.svg/750px-Cricket_pitch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="750" height="234" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 750px;height: 234px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cricket_pitch.svg/750px-Cricket_pitch.svg.png" data-width="750" data-height="234" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cricket_pitch.svg/1125px-Cricket_pitch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cricket_pitch.svg/1500px-Cricket_pitch.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Cricket pitch and creases</figcaption></figure> As illustrated, the pitch is marked at each end with four white painted lines: a <a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)#Bowling_crease" title="Crease (cricket)">bowling crease</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)#Popping_crease" title="Crease (cricket)">popping crease</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)#Return_crease" title="Crease (cricket)">return creases</a>. The three stumps are aligned centrally on the bowling crease, which is eight feet eight inches long. The popping crease is drawn four feet in front of the bowling crease and parallel to it; although it is drawn as a 12 ft (3.7 m) line (six feet on either side of the wicket), it is, in fact, unlimited in length. The return creases are drawn at right angles to the popping crease so that they intersect the ends of the bowling crease; each return crease is drawn as an 8 ft (2.4 m) line, so that it extends four feet behind the bowling crease, but is also, in fact, unlimited in length.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Match_structure">Match structure</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Innings" title="Innings">Innings</a></div> Before a match begins, the team <a href="/wiki/Captain_(cricket)" title="Captain (cricket)">captains</a> (who are also players) <a href="/wiki/Toss_(cricket)" title="Toss (cricket)">toss a coin</a> to decide which team will <a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">bat</a> first and so take the first <a href="/wiki/Innings" title="Innings">innings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-inns-81">[80]</a> "Innings" is the term used for each phase of play in the match.<a href="#cite_note-inns-81">[80]</a> In each innings, one team bats, attempting to <a href="/wiki/Scoring_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoring (cricket)">score</a> <a href="/wiki/Run_(cricket)" title="Run (cricket)">runs</a>, while the other team <a href="/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)" title="Bowling (cricket)">bowls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fielding_(cricket)" title="Fielding (cricket)">fields</a> the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">ball</a>, attempting to restrict the scoring and <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(cricket)" title="Dismissal (cricket)">dismiss</a> the batters.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> When the first innings ends, the teams change roles; there can be two to four innings depending upon the type of match. A match with four scheduled innings is played over three to five days; a match with two scheduled innings is usually completed in a single day.<a href="#cite_note-inns-81">[80]</a> During an innings, all eleven members of the fielding team take the field, but usually only two members of the batting team are on the field at any given time.<a href="#cite_note-86">[a]</a> The order of batters is usually announced just before the match, but it can be varied.<a href="#cite_note-Law1-76">[75]</a> The main objective of each team is to score more runs than their opponents, but in some forms of cricket, it is also necessary to dismiss all but one of the opposition batters (making their team 'all out') in their final innings in order to win the match, which would otherwise be <a href="/wiki/Result_(cricket)#Draw" title="Result (cricket)">drawn</a> (not ending with a winner or tie.)<a href="#cite_note-result-87">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothing_and_equipment">Clothing and equipment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cricket_clothing_and_equipment" title="Cricket clothing and equipment">Cricket clothing and equipment</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WGGrace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WGGrace.jpg/170px-WGGrace.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="272" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="789"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 272px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WGGrace.jpg/170px-WGGrace.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="272" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WGGrace.jpg/255px-WGGrace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WGGrace.jpg/340px-WGGrace.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>English cricketer <a href="/wiki/W._G._Grace" title="W. G. Grace">W. G. Grace</a> "taking guard" in 1883. His pads and bat are very similar to those used today. The gloves have evolved somewhat. Many modern players use more defensive equipment than were available to Grace, most notably helmets and arm guards.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Wicket-keeper" title="Wicket-keeper">wicket-keeper</a> (a specialised fielder behind the batter) and the batters wear protective gear because of the hardness of the ball, which can be delivered at speeds of more than 145 kilometres per hour (90 mph) and presents a major health and safety concern. Protective clothing includes <a href="/wiki/Batting_pads" class="mw-redirect" title="Batting pads">pads</a> (designed to protect the knees and shins), <a href="/wiki/Batting_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Batting gloves">batting gloves</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wicket-keeper%27s_gloves" title="Wicket-keeper's gloves">wicket-keeper's gloves</a> for the hands, a <a href="/wiki/Helmet_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helmet (cricket)">safety helmet</a> for the head, and a <a href="/wiki/Box_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Box (cricket)">box</a> for male players inside the trousers (to protect the <a href="/wiki/Crotch" title="Crotch">crotch</a> area).<a href="#cite_note-AppD-88">[86]</a> Some batters wear additional padding inside their shirts and trousers such as thigh pads, arm pads, rib protectors and shoulder pads. The only fielders allowed to wear protective gear are those in positions very close to the batter (i.e., if they are alongside or in front of him), but they cannot wear gloves or external leg guards.<a href="#cite_note-Law41-89">[87]</a> Subject to certain variations, on-field clothing generally includes a collared shirt with short or long sleeves; long trousers; woolen pullover (if needed); <a href="/wiki/Cricket_cap" title="Cricket cap">cricket cap</a> (for fielding) or a safety helmet; and spiked shoes or boots to increase traction. The <a href="/wiki/Cricket_kits" class="mw-redirect" title="Cricket kits">kit</a> is traditionally all white, and this remains the case in Test and first-class cricket, but in limited overs cricket, team colours are now worn instead.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bat_and_ball">Bat and ball</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cricket_bat" title="Cricket bat">Cricket bat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">Cricket ball</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:462px;max-width:462px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:White_ball_2_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Used white ball" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/White_ball_2_%28cropped%29.JPG/150px-White_ball_2_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="627"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 149px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/White_ball_2_%28cropped%29.JPG/150px-White_ball_2_%28cropped%29.JPG" data-alt="Used white ball" data-width="150" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/White_ball_2_%28cropped%29.JPG/225px-White_ball_2_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/White_ball_2_%28cropped%29.JPG/300px-White_ball_2_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Used_cricket_ball_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Used red ball" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Used_cricket_ball_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Used_cricket_ball_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="1108"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 150px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Used_cricket_ball_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Used_cricket_ball_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Used red ball" data-width="150" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Used_cricket_ball_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Used_cricket_ball_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Used_cricket_ball_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Used_cricket_ball_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricket_ball_at_Church_Times_Cricket_Cup_final_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Used pink ball" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cricket_ball_at_Church_Times_Cricket_Cup_final_2019.jpg/150px-Cricket_ball_at_Church_Times_Cricket_Cup_final_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2939" data-file-height="2939"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 150px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cricket_ball_at_Church_Times_Cricket_Cup_final_2019.jpg/150px-Cricket_ball_at_Church_Times_Cricket_Cup_final_2019.jpg" data-alt="Used pink ball" data-width="150" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cricket_ball_at_Church_Times_Cricket_Cup_final_2019.jpg/225px-Cricket_ball_at_Church_Times_Cricket_Cup_final_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cricket_ball_at_Church_Times_Cricket_Cup_final_2019.jpg/300px-Cricket_ball_at_Church_Times_Cricket_Cup_final_2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The three types of <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">cricket balls</a> used in international matches, all of the same size: i) A used white ball. White balls are mainly used in <a href="/wiki/Limited_overs_cricket" title="Limited overs cricket">limited overs cricket</a>, especially in matches played at night, under <a href="/wiki/Floodlights" class="mw-redirect" title="Floodlights">floodlights</a> (left). ii) A used red ball. Red balls are used in day <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class cricket</a> and some other forms of cricket (center). iii) A used pink ball. Pink balls are used in <a href="/wiki/Day/night_cricket" title="Day/night cricket">day/night Test cricket</a> (right).</div></div></div></div> The essence of the sport is that a <a href="/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)" title="Bowling (cricket)">bowler</a> <a href="/wiki/Delivery_(cricket)" title="Delivery (cricket)">delivers</a> (i.e., bowls) the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">ball</a> from their end of the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_pitch" title="Cricket pitch">pitch</a> towards the <a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">batter</a> who, armed with a <a href="/wiki/Cricket_bat" title="Cricket bat">bat</a>, is "on strike" at the other end (see next sub-section: <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Basic_gameplay:_bowler_to_batter">Basic gameplay</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Cricket_bat" title="Cricket bat">bat</a> is made of wood, usually <a href="/wiki/Salix_alba" title="Salix alba">Salix alba</a> (white willow), and has the shape of a blade topped by a cylindrical handle. The blade must not be more than 4.25 inches (10.8 cm) wide and the total length of the bat not more than 38 inches (97 cm). There is no standard for the weight, which is usually between 2 lb 7 oz and 3 lb (1.1 and 1.4 kg).<a href="#cite_note-Law6-91">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">ball</a> is a hard leather-seamed <a href="/wiki/Spheroid" title="Spheroid">spheroid</a>, with a circumference of 9 inches (23 cm). The ball has a "seam": six rows of stitches attaching the leather shell of the ball to the string and cork interior. The seam on a new ball is prominent and helps the bowler propel it in a less predictable manner. During matches, the quality of the ball deteriorates to a point where it is no longer usable; during the course of this deterioration, its behaviour in flight will change and can influence the outcome of the match. Players will, therefore, attempt to modify the ball's behaviour by modifying its physical properties. Polishing the ball and wetting it with sweat or saliva was legal, even when the polishing was deliberately done on one side only to increase the ball's <a href="/wiki/Swing_bowling" title="Swing bowling">swing through the air</a>. The use of saliva has since been made illegal due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> The acts of rubbing other substances into the ball, scratching the surface or picking at the seams constitute illegal <a href="/wiki/Ball_tampering" title="Ball tampering">ball tampering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Law5-94">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Player_roles">Player roles</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Basic_gameplay:_bowler_to_batter">Basic gameplay: bowler to batter</h4></div> During normal play, thirteen players and two <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(cricket)" title="Umpire (cricket)">umpires</a> are on the field. Two of the players are <a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">batters</a> and the rest are all eleven members of the <a href="/wiki/Fielding_(cricket)" title="Fielding (cricket)">fielding</a> team. The other nine players in the batting team are off the field in the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_pavilion" title="Cricket pavilion">pavilion</a>. The image with overlay below shows what is happening when a ball is being bowled and which of the personnel are on or close to the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_pitch" title="Cricket pitch">pitch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> <table style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;border:1px #ccc solid"><tbody><tr><td align="center" colspan="3"><div style="position:relative;left:0px;top:0px;width:500px;height:340px"><a href="/wiki/File:Muralitharan_bowling_to_Adam_Gilchrist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Muralitharan_bowling_to_Adam_Gilchrist.jpg/499px-Muralitharan_bowling_to_Adam_Gilchrist.jpg" decoding="async" width="499" height="340" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2526" data-file-height="1722"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 499px;height: 340px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Muralitharan_bowling_to_Adam_Gilchrist.jpg/499px-Muralitharan_bowling_to_Adam_Gilchrist.jpg" data-width="499" data-height="340" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Muralitharan_bowling_to_Adam_Gilchrist.jpg/748px-Muralitharan_bowling_to_Adam_Gilchrist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Muralitharan_bowling_to_Adam_Gilchrist.jpg/998px-Muralitharan_bowling_to_Adam_Gilchrist.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><div style="position:absolute;left:75px;top:2px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Umpire_(cricket)" title="Umpire (cricket)">1</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:105px;top:68px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">2</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:50px;top:50px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">3</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:155px;top:55px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)" title="Bowling (cricket)">4</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:230px;top:75px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">5</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:235px;top:165px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Cricket_pitch" title="Cricket pitch">6</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:295px;top:105px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)" title="Crease (cricket)">7</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:265px;top:265px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)" title="Crease (cricket)">7</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:390px;top:160px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">8</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:425px;top:225px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">9</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:420px;top:270px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Wicket-keeper" title="Wicket-keeper">10</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:325px;top:300px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Fielding_(cricket)#Catching_positions" title="Fielding (cricket)">11</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:15px;top:105px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)" title="Crease (cricket)">12</a></div></div><div style="position:absolute;left:455px;top:235px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)" title="Crease (cricket)">12</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td><table style="width:100%;border:1px #ccc solid"><tbody><tr><td style="width:0.3%;vertical-align:top"><table style="width:100%;font-size:85%;line-height:95%"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Umpire_(cricket)" title="Umpire (cricket)">1</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Umpire_(cricket)" title="Umpire (cricket)">Umpire</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">2</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">Wicket</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">3</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">Non-striking batter</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)" title="Bowling (cricket)">4</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)" title="Bowling (cricket)">Bowler</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="width:0.3%;vertical-align:top"><table style="width:100%;font-size:85%;line-height:95%"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">5</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">Ball</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Cricket_pitch" title="Cricket pitch">6</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Cricket_pitch" title="Cricket pitch">Pitch</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)" title="Crease (cricket)">7</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)" title="Crease (cricket)">Popping crease</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">8</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">Striking batter</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="width:0.3%;vertical-align:top"><table style="width:100%;font-size:85%;line-height:95%"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">9</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">Wicket</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Wicket-keeper" title="Wicket-keeper">10</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Wicket-keeper" title="Wicket-keeper">Wicket-keeper</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Fielding_(cricket)#Catching_positions" title="Fielding (cricket)">11</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Fielding_(cricket)#Catching_positions" title="Fielding (cricket)">First slip</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)" title="Crease (cricket)">12</a></div></td><td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="/wiki/Crease_(cricket)" title="Crease (cricket)">Return crease</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> In the photo, the two batters (3 and 8, wearing yellow) have taken position at each end of the pitch (6). Three members of the fielding team (4, 10 and 11, wearing dark blue) are in shot. One of the two umpires (1, wearing white hat) is stationed behind the <a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">wicket</a> (2) at the <a href="/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)" title="Bowling (cricket)">bowler</a>'s (4) end of the pitch. The bowler (4) is <a href="/wiki/Delivery_(cricket)" title="Delivery (cricket)">bowling</a> the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">ball</a> (5) from his end of the pitch to the batter (8) at the other end who is called the "striker". The other batter (3) at the bowling end is called the "non-striker". The <a href="/wiki/Wicket-keeper" title="Wicket-keeper">wicket-keeper</a> (10), who is a specialist, is positioned behind the striker's wicket (9), and behind him stands one of the fielders in a position called "<a href="/wiki/Fielding_(cricket)#Catching_positions" title="Fielding (cricket)">first slip</a>" (11). While the bowler and the first slip are wearing conventional kit only, the two batters and the wicket-keeper are wearing protective gear, including safety helmets, padded gloves and leg guards (pads). The wicket-keeper is the only fielding player able to wear protective gloves. While the umpire (1) in shot stands at the bowler's end of the pitch, his colleague stands in the outfield, usually in or near the fielding position called "<a href="/wiki/Square_leg" class="mw-redirect" title="Square leg">square leg</a>", so that he is in line with the <a href="/wiki/Popping_crease" class="mw-redirect" title="Popping crease">popping crease</a> (7) at the striker's end of the pitch. The bowling crease (not numbered) is the one on which the wicket is located between the return creases (12). The bowler (4) intends to hit the wicket (9) with the ball (5) or at least prevent the striker (8) from scoring <a href="/wiki/Run_(cricket)" title="Run (cricket)">runs</a>. The striker (8) intends, by using his bat, to defend his wicket and, if possible, hit the ball away from the pitch in order to score runs. Some players are skilled in both batting and bowling, so are termed <a href="/wiki/All-rounder" title="All-rounder">all-rounders</a>. Bowlers are classified according to their style and speed, generally as <a href="/wiki/Fast_bowling" title="Fast bowling">fast bowlers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seam_bowling" title="Seam bowling">seam bowlers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spin_bowling" title="Spin bowling">spinners</a>. Batters are classified according to whether they are right-handed or left-handed, with <a href="/wiki/Switch_hit" title="Switch hit">switch-hitting</a> uncommon and largely utilised as a tactic, where a batter changes stance shortly before the bowler releases the ball.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Overs">Overs</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Over_(cricket)" title="Over (cricket)">Over (cricket)</a></div> The Laws state that, throughout an innings, "the ball shall be bowled from each end alternately in overs of 6 balls".<a href="#cite_note-Law22-97">[95]</a> The name "over" came about because the umpire calls "Over!" when six legal balls (deliveries) have been bowled. At this point, another bowler is deployed at the other end, and the fielding side changes ends while the batters do not. A bowler cannot bowl two successive overs, although a bowler can (and usually does) bowl alternate overs, from the same end, for several overs which are termed a "spell"; if the captain wants a bowler to "change ends", another bowler must temporarily fill in so that the change is not immediate. The batters do not change ends at the end of the over, and so the one who was non-striker is now the striker and vice versa. The umpires also change positions so that the one who was at "<a href="/wiki/Square_leg" class="mw-redirect" title="Square leg">square leg</a>" now stands behind the wicket at the nonstriker's end and vice versa.<a href="#cite_note-Law22-97">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fielding">Fielding</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fielding_(cricket)" title="Fielding (cricket)">Fielding (cricket)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricket_fielding_positions2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cricket_fielding_positions2.svg/240px-Cricket_fielding_positions2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="321" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="2690"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 321px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cricket_fielding_positions2.svg/240px-Cricket_fielding_positions2.svg.png" data-width="240" data-height="321" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cricket_fielding_positions2.svg/360px-Cricket_fielding_positions2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cricket_fielding_positions2.svg/480px-Cricket_fielding_positions2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fielding_positions_in_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Fielding positions in cricket">Fielding positions in cricket</a> for a right-handed batter</figcaption></figure> Of the eleven fielders, three are in shot in the image above. The other eight are elsewhere on the field, their positions determined on a tactical basis by the captain or the bowler. Fielders often change position between deliveries, again as directed by the captain or bowler.<a href="#cite_note-Law41-89">[87]</a> If a fielder is injured or becomes ill during a match, a <a href="/wiki/Substitute_(cricket)" title="Substitute (cricket)">substitute</a> is allowed to field instead of the aforementioned fielder, but the substitute cannot bowl or act as a captain, except in the case of concussion substitutes in international cricket.<a href="#cite_note-ICCTestPlayCond-85">[84]</a> The substitute leaves the field when the injured player is fit to return.<a href="#cite_note-Law2-98">[96]</a> The Laws of Cricket were updated in 2017 to allow substitutes to act as wicket-keepers.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Batting_and_scoring">Batting and scoring</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Batting_(cricket)" title="Batting (cricket)">Batting (cricket)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Run_(cricket)" title="Run (cricket)">Run (cricket)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Extra_(cricket)" title="Extra (cricket)">Extra (cricket)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricket_shots.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cricket_shots.svg/170px-Cricket_shots.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 187px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cricket_shots.svg/170px-Cricket_shots.svg.png" data-width="170" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cricket_shots.svg/255px-Cricket_shots.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cricket_shots.svg/340px-Cricket_shots.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The directions in which a right-handed batter, facing down the page, intends to send the ball when playing various cricketing shots. The diagram for a <a href="/wiki/Left-handed" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-handed">left-handed</a> batter is a <a href="/wiki/Mirror_image" title="Mirror image">mirror image</a> of this one.</figcaption></figure> Batters take turns to bat via a <a href="/wiki/Batting_order_(cricket)" title="Batting order (cricket)">batting order</a> which is decided beforehand by the team captain and presented to the umpires, though the order remains flexible when the captain officially nominates the team.<a href="#cite_note-Law1-76">[75]</a> Substitute batters are generally not allowed,<a href="#cite_note-Law2-98">[96]</a> except in the case of concussion substitutes in international cricket.<a href="#cite_note-ICCTestPlayCond-85">[84]</a> In order to begin batting the batter first adopts a batting stance. Standardly, this involves adopting a slight crouch with the feet pointing across the front of the wicket, looking in the direction of the bowler, and holding the bat so it passes over the feet and so its tip can rest on the ground near to the toes of the back foot.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> A skilled batter can use a wide array of "shots" or "strokes" in both defensive and attacking mode. The idea is to hit the ball to the best effect with the flat surface of the bat's blade. If the ball touches the side of the bat, it is called an "<a href="/wiki/Edge_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edge (cricket)">edge</a>". The batter does not have to play a shot and can allow the ball to go through to the <a href="/wiki/Wicket-keeper" title="Wicket-keeper">wicket-keeper</a>. Equally, the batter does not have to attempt a run when hitting the ball with their bat. Batters do not always seek to hit the ball as hard as possible, and a good player can score runs by simply making a deft stroke with a turn of the wrists, or by simply "blocking" the ball but directing it away from fielders so that the player has time to take a run. A wide variety of shots are played, the batter's repertoire including strokes named according to the style of swing and the direction aimed: e.g., "<a href="/wiki/Cut_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cut (cricket)">cut</a>", "drive", "hook", and "pull".<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Master_Blaster_at_work.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Master_Blaster_at_work.jpg/220px-Master_Blaster_at_work.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="679"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Master_Blaster_at_work.jpg/220px-Master_Blaster_at_work.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Master_Blaster_at_work.jpg/330px-Master_Blaster_at_work.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Master_Blaster_at_work.jpg/440px-Master_Blaster_at_work.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar" title="Sachin Tendulkar">Sachin Tendulkar</a> is the only player to have scored one hundred international <a href="/wiki/Century_(cricket)" title="Century (cricket)">centuries</a>.</figcaption></figure> The batter on strike (i.e., the "striker") must prevent the ball from hitting the wicket and try to score <a href="/wiki/Run_(cricket)" title="Run (cricket)">runs</a> by hitting the ball with their bat so that the batter and their partner have time to switch places, with each of them running from one end of the pitch to the other before the fielding side can return the ball and attempt a <a href="/wiki/Run_out" title="Run out">run out</a> (throwing the ball at one of the wickets before the run is scored.) To register a run, both runners must touch the <a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Batter's ground">ground</a> behind the popping crease with either their bats or their bodies (the batters carry their bats as they run) before a fielder can throw the ball at the nearby wicket. Each completed run increments the score of both the team and the striker.<a href="#cite_note-Law18-102">[100]</a> The decision to attempt a run is ideally made by the batter who has the better view of the ball's progress, and this is communicated by calling, usually "yes", "no" or "wait". More than one run can be scored from a single hit. Hits worth one to three runs are common, but the size of the field is such that it is usually difficult to run four or more.<a href="#cite_note-Law18-102">[100]</a> To compensate for this, hits that <a href="/wiki/Boundary_(scoring)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundary (scoring)">reach the boundary</a> of the field are automatically awarded four runs if the ball touches the ground en route to the boundary or six runs if the ball clears the boundary without touching the ground within the boundary. In these cases the batters do not need to run.<a href="#cite_note-Law19-103">[101]</a> Hits for five are unusual and generally rely on the help of "overthrows" by a fielder returning the ball. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_University_CC_v_MCC_at_Cambridge,_England_018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cambridge_University_CC_v_MCC_at_Cambridge%2C_England_018.jpg/180px-Cambridge_University_CC_v_MCC_at_Cambridge%2C_England_018.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3026" data-file-height="3026"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 180px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cambridge_University_CC_v_MCC_at_Cambridge%2C_England_018.jpg/180px-Cambridge_University_CC_v_MCC_at_Cambridge%2C_England_018.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cambridge_University_CC_v_MCC_at_Cambridge%2C_England_018.jpg/270px-Cambridge_University_CC_v_MCC_at_Cambridge%2C_England_018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cambridge_University_CC_v_MCC_at_Cambridge%2C_England_018.jpg/360px-Cambridge_University_CC_v_MCC_at_Cambridge%2C_England_018.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Batters attempting a run while a fielder awaits a throw.</figcaption></figure> If an odd number of runs is scored by the striker, the two batters have changed ends, and the one who was non-striker is now the striker. Only the striker can score individual runs, but all runs are added to the team's total.<a href="#cite_note-Law18-102">[100]</a> Additional runs can be gained by the batting team as <a href="/wiki/Extra_(cricket)" title="Extra (cricket)">extras</a> (called "sundries" in Australia) due to errors made by the fielding side. This is achieved in four ways: <a href="/wiki/No-ball" title="No-ball">no-ball</a>, a penalty of one extra conceded by the bowler if they break the rules (often by failing to bowl the ball before their front foot passes the popping crease at their end);<a href="#cite_note-Law24-104">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wide_(cricket)" title="Wide (cricket)">wide</a>, a penalty of one extra conceded by the bowler if they bowl so that the ball is out of the batter's reach;<a href="#cite_note-Law25a-105">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bye_(cricket)" title="Bye (cricket)">bye</a>, an extra awarded if the batter misses the ball and it goes past the wicket-keeper and gives the batters time to run in the conventional way;<a href="#cite_note-Law26-106">[104]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leg_bye" title="Leg bye">leg bye</a>, as for a bye except that the ball has hit the batter's body, though not their bat.<a href="#cite_note-Law26-106">[104]</a> If the bowler has bowled an illegal delivery (i.e., a no-ball or a wide), the bowler's team incurs an additional penalty because that ball (i.e., delivery) has to be bowled again, and hence the batting side has the opportunity to score more runs from this extra ball. In addition, the ways in which the batters can be dismissed on an illegal delivery greatly narrow down; in the case of a no-ball, which is the more egregious type of illegal delivery, the only common way in which the batters can be dismissed is by being run out.<a href="#cite_note-Law24-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-Law25a-105">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dismissals">Dismissals</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(cricket)" title="Dismissal (cricket)">Dismissal (cricket)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricketer_bowled.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cricketer_bowled.jpg/200px-Cricketer_bowled.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2289" data-file-height="1542"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 135px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cricketer_bowled.jpg/200px-Cricketer_bowled.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cricketer_bowled.jpg/300px-Cricketer_bowled.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cricketer_bowled.jpg/400px-Cricketer_bowled.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Most common dismissals involve the wickets, such as when the ball is bowled at the striker's wicket.</div></div></div></div> There are nine ways in which a batter can be dismissed: five relatively common and four extremely rare. When a batter is dismissed, they are said to have 'lost their wicket', and are barred from batting again in that innings; their team is also said to have 'lost a wicket'. Once a team has lost 10 wickets, its innings is over. The common forms of dismissal are <a href="/wiki/Bowled" title="Bowled">bowled</a> (when the striker fails to prevent a delivery from hitting their wicket),<a href="#cite_note-Law30-107">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Caught" title="Caught">caught</a> (when a ball struck by the bat is caught by a fielder before it hits the ground),<a href="#cite_note-Law32-108">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leg_before_wicket" title="Leg before wicket">leg before wicket</a> (lbw - when the striker's body 'unfairly' prevents a delivery from hitting the wicket),<a href="#cite_note-Law36-109">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Run_out" title="Run out">run out</a> (generally when the ball is thrown at a wicket by a fielder while the batters are running between the wickets),<a href="#cite_note-Law38-110">[108]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stumped" title="Stumped">stumped</a> (a special type of run out - involves the wicket keeper hitting the wicket with the ball).<a href="#cite_note-Law39-111">[109]</a> Rare methods are <a href="/wiki/Hit_wicket" title="Hit wicket">hit wicket</a> (a striker hitting their own wicket),<a href="#cite_note-Law35-112">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hit_the_ball_twice" title="Hit the ball twice">hit the ball twice</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Law34-113">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Obstructing_the_field" title="Obstructing the field">obstructing the field</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Law37-114">[112]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timed_out" title="Timed out">timed out</a> (a batter failing to enter the field in a timely manner).<a href="#cite_note-Law31-115">[113]</a> The Laws state that the fielding team, usually the bowler in practice, must appeal for a dismissal before the umpire can give their decision. If the batter is out, the umpire raises a forefinger and says "Out!"; otherwise, the umpire will shake their head and say "Not out".<a href="#cite_note-Law27-116">[114]</a> There is, effectively, a tenth method of dismissal, <a href="/wiki/Retired_out" class="mw-redirect" title="Retired out">retired out</a> (self-dismissal - generally permanent except in cases of injury), which is not an on-field dismissal as such but rather a retrospective one for which no fielder is credited.<a href="#cite_note-Law2RO-117">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bowling">Bowling</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)" title="Bowling (cricket)">Bowling (cricket)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darren_Gough_bowling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Darren_Gough_bowling.jpg/150px-Darren_Gough_bowling.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="1526"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 174px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Darren_Gough_bowling.jpg/150px-Darren_Gough_bowling.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="174" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Darren_Gough_bowling.jpg/224px-Darren_Gough_bowling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Darren_Gough_bowling.jpg/299px-Darren_Gough_bowling.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Bowlers generate momentum by running, and then release the ball upon reaching their "delivery stride".</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> Most bowlers are considered specialists in that they are selected for the team because of their skill as a bowler, although some are all-rounders, and even specialist batters bowl occasionally. These specialists bowl "spells" that are generally 4 to 8 overs long in order not to physically exhaust the bowler, cause muscle strain and stress the skeleton. The rules prevent a single bowler from bowling consecutive overs, resulting in at least two bowlers alternating each over. If the captain wants a bowler to "change ends", another bowler must temporarily fill in so that the change is not immediate.<a href="#cite_note-Law22-97">[95]</a> The action of bowling the ball is akin to throwing, with the caveat that a bowler's elbow extension is almost entirely restricted, resulting in most bowlers maintaining a straight arm when releasing the ball during their delivery stride. Additionally, while the bowler is not required to pitch (bounce) the ball, a full toss (non-bouncing) delivery that reaches the striker above waist height is penalised as a <a href="/wiki/No-ball" title="No-ball">no-ball</a>. A bowler reaches their delivery stride by means of a "run-up", and an over is deemed to have begun when the bowler starts their run-up for the first delivery of that over, the ball then being "in play".<a href="#cite_note-Law22-97">[95]</a> Fast bowlers, or pacemen, need momentum, taking a lengthy run up, while bowlers with a slow delivery take no more than a couple of steps before bowling. The fastest bowlers can deliver the ball at a speed of over 145 kilometres per hour (90 mph), and they sometimes rely on sheer speed to try to defeat the batter, who is forced to react very quickly.<a href="#cite_note-pace-118">[116]</a> Other fast bowlers rely on a mixture of speed and guile by making the ball <a href="/wiki/Seam_bowling" title="Seam bowling">seam</a> or <a href="/wiki/Swing_bowling" title="Swing bowling">swing</a> (i.e., curve) in flight. This type of delivery can deceive a batter into miscuing their shot, for example, so that the ball just touches the edge of the bat and can then be "caught behind" by the wicket-keeper or a slip fielder.<a href="#cite_note-pace-118">[116]</a> At the other end of the bowling scale is the <a href="/wiki/Spin_bowling" title="Spin bowling">spin bowler</a>, who bowls at a relatively slow pace and relies entirely on guile to deceive the batter. A spinner will often "buy their wicket" by "tossing one up" (in a slower, steeper <a href="/wiki/Parabolic_trajectory" title="Parabolic trajectory">parabolic</a> path) to lure the batter into making a poor shot. The batter has to be very wary of such deliveries, as the batter is often "flighted" or spun so that the ball will not behave quite as the batter expects it to, and the batter could be "trapped" into getting themself out. Accidental full toss deliveries can also get wickets, as the failure of the ball to bounce can surprise a batsman or induce a poor stroke in an effort to punish the poor delivery with a boundary hit.<a href="#cite_note-spin-119">[117]</a> In between the pacemen and the spinners are the medium-paced seamers, who rely on persistent accuracy to try to contain the rate of scoring and wear down the batter's concentration.<a href="#cite_note-pace-118">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Specialist_roles">Specialist roles</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Captain_(cricket)" title="Captain (cricket)">Captain (cricket)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wicket-keeper" title="Wicket-keeper">Wicket-keeper</a></div> The captain is often the most experienced player in the team, certainly the most tactically astute, and can possess any of the main skillsets as a batter, a bowler or a wicket-keeper. Within the Laws, the captain has certain responsibilities in terms of nominating their players to the umpires before the match and ensuring that the captain's players conduct themselves "within the spirit and traditions of the game as well as within the Laws".<a href="#cite_note-Law1-76">[75]</a> The wicket-keeper (sometimes called simply the "keeper") is a specialist fielder subject to various rules within the Laws about their equipment and demeanour. The wicket-keeper is the only member of the fielding side who can effect a <a href="/wiki/Stumped" title="Stumped">stumping</a> and is the only one permitted to wear gloves and external leg guards.<a href="#cite_note-Law40-120">[118]</a> Depending on their primary skills, the other ten players in the team tend to be classified as specialist batters or specialist bowlers. Generally, a team will include five or six specialist batters, and four or five specialist bowlers, plus the wicket-keeper.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Match_closure">Match closure</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Result_(cricket)" title="Result (cricket)">Result (cricket)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southgate_CC_v_Stanmore_CC_at_Walker_Cricket_Ground,_Southgate,_London_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Southgate_CC_v_Stanmore_CC_at_Walker_Cricket_Ground%2C_Southgate%2C_London_11.jpg/220px-Southgate_CC_v_Stanmore_CC_at_Walker_Cricket_Ground%2C_Southgate%2C_London_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Southgate_CC_v_Stanmore_CC_at_Walker_Cricket_Ground%2C_Southgate%2C_London_11.jpg/220px-Southgate_CC_v_Stanmore_CC_at_Walker_Cricket_Ground%2C_Southgate%2C_London_11.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Southgate_CC_v_Stanmore_CC_at_Walker_Cricket_Ground%2C_Southgate%2C_London_11.jpg/330px-Southgate_CC_v_Stanmore_CC_at_Walker_Cricket_Ground%2C_Southgate%2C_London_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Southgate_CC_v_Stanmore_CC_at_Walker_Cricket_Ground%2C_Southgate%2C_London_11.jpg/440px-Southgate_CC_v_Stanmore_CC_at_Walker_Cricket_Ground%2C_Southgate%2C_London_11.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Match results are sometimes determined by a final dismissal, either because the batting team's last wicket falls, or in a limited-overs match, the chance to score is denied on the final delivery.</figcaption></figure> There are a number of ways that a cricket match can end and its result be described, depending on whether the team batting first or last wins as well as the format of the game. If the team batting last is 'all out' having scored fewer runs than their opponents, they are said to have "lost by n runs" (where n is the difference between the aggregate number of runs scored by the teams). If the team that bats last scores enough runs to win, it is said to have "won by n wickets", where n is the number of wickets left to fall (batters yet to be dismissed) until the team would have been all out. For example, a team that passes its opponents' total having lost six wickets (i.e., six of their batters have been dismissed) wins the match "by four wickets", since the team would only have been prevented from scoring the winning runs if four more of its batters had been dismissed, which would have resulted in all but one of its eleven batters being dismissed.<a href="#cite_note-result-87">[85]</a> In a two-innings-a-side match, one team's combined first and second innings total may be less than the other side's first innings total. The team with the greater score is then said to have "won by an innings and n runs" and does not need to bat again: n is the difference between the two teams' aggregate scores. If the team batting last is all out and both sides have scored the same number of runs, then the match is a <a href="/wiki/Result_(cricket)#Tie" title="Result (cricket)">tie</a>; this result is quite rare in matches of two innings a side with only 62 happening in <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class matches</a> from the earliest known instance in 1741 until January 2017. In the <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">traditional form</a> of the game, if the time allotted for the match expires before either side can win, then the game is declared a <a href="/wiki/Result_(cricket)#Draw" title="Result (cricket)">draw</a>.<a href="#cite_note-result-87">[85]</a> If the match has only a single innings per side, then usually a maximum number of overs applies to each innings. Such a match is called a "<a href="/wiki/Limited_overs_cricket" title="Limited overs cricket">limited overs</a>" or "one-day" match, and the side scoring more runs wins regardless of the number of wickets lost, so that a draw cannot occur. In some cases, ties are broken by having each team bat for a one-over innings known as a <a href="/wiki/Super_Over" title="Super Over">Super Over</a>; subsequent Super Overs may be played if the first Super Over ends in a tie. If this kind of match is temporarily interrupted by bad weather, then a complex mathematical formula, known as the <a href="/wiki/Duckworth%E2%80%93Lewis%E2%80%93Stern_method" title="Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method">Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method</a> after its developers, is often used to recalculate a new target score. A one-day match can also be declared a "no-result" if fewer than a previously agreed number of overs have been bowled by either team, in circumstances that make normal resumption of play impossible, for example, wet weather.<a href="#cite_note-result-87">[85]</a> In all forms of cricket, the umpires can abandon the match if bad light or rain makes it impossible to continue.<a href="#cite_note-Law3-123">[121]</a> There have been instances of entire matches, even <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test matches</a> scheduled to be played over five days, being lost to bad weather without a ball being bowled, for example, the third Test of the 1970/71 series in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Innings">Innings</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Innings" title="Innings">Innings</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Highgate_Cricket_Club_manual_scoreboard_detail_at_Crouch_End,_London_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Highgate_Cricket_Club_manual_scoreboard_detail_at_Crouch_End%2C_London_1.jpg/185px-Highgate_Cricket_Club_manual_scoreboard_detail_at_Crouch_End%2C_London_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4438" data-file-height="2681"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 185px;height: 112px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Highgate_Cricket_Club_manual_scoreboard_detail_at_Crouch_End%2C_London_1.jpg/185px-Highgate_Cricket_Club_manual_scoreboard_detail_at_Crouch_End%2C_London_1.jpg" data-width="185" data-height="112" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Highgate_Cricket_Club_manual_scoreboard_detail_at_Crouch_End%2C_London_1.jpg/278px-Highgate_Cricket_Club_manual_scoreboard_detail_at_Crouch_End%2C_London_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Highgate_Cricket_Club_manual_scoreboard_detail_at_Crouch_End%2C_London_1.jpg/370px-Highgate_Cricket_Club_manual_scoreboard_detail_at_Crouch_End%2C_London_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The final innings of the match generally ends when the batting team either scores the winning runs (known as reaching its target score) or runs out of "resources" (either losing 10 wickets or running out of time/overs to bat) and thus can not win.</figcaption></figure> The innings (ending with 's' in both singular and plural form) is the term used for each phase of play during a match. Depending on the type of match being played, each team has either one or two innings. Sometimes all eleven members of the batting side take a turn to bat but, for various reasons, an innings can end before they have all done so. The innings terminates if the batting team is "all out", a term defined by the Laws: "At the <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(cricket)" title="Dismissal (cricket)">fall of a wicket</a> or the retirement of a batter, further balls remain to be bowled but no further batter is available to come in".<a href="#cite_note-inns-81">[80]</a> In this situation, one of the batters has not been dismissed and is termed <a href="/wiki/Not_out" title="Not out">not out</a>; this is because he has no partners left and there must always be two active batters while the innings is in progress. An innings may end early while there are still two not out batters:<a href="#cite_note-inns-81">[80]</a> <ul><li>the batting team's <a href="/wiki/Captain_(cricket)" title="Captain (cricket)">captain</a> <a href="/wiki/Declaration_and_forfeiture" title="Declaration and forfeiture">may declare the innings closed</a>, even though some of the captain's players have not had a turn to bat: this is a tactical decision by the captain, usually because the captain believes that their team have scored sufficient runs and need time to dismiss the opposition in their innings</li> <li>the set number of <a href="/wiki/Over_(cricket)" title="Over (cricket)">overs</a> (i.e., in a limited overs match) have been bowled</li> <li>the match has ended prematurely due to bad weather or running out of time</li> <li>in the final innings of the match, the batting side has reached its target (i.e., scored more runs than the opposition) and won the game.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Umpires_and_scorers">Umpires and scorers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(cricket)" title="Umpire (cricket)">Umpire (cricket)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scoring_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoring (cricket)">Scoring (cricket)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cricket_statistics" title="Cricket statistics">Cricket statistics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricket_Umpire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cricket_Umpire.jpg/220px-Cricket_Umpire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1061" data-file-height="671"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 139px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cricket_Umpire.jpg/220px-Cricket_Umpire.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="139" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cricket_Umpire.jpg/330px-Cricket_Umpire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cricket_Umpire.jpg/440px-Cricket_Umpire.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>An umpire signals a decision to the scorers.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adelaide_Scoreboard1206.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Adelaide_Scoreboard1206.jpg/250px-Adelaide_Scoreboard1206.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="929"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 199px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Adelaide_Scoreboard1206.jpg/250px-Adelaide_Scoreboard1206.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="199" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Adelaide_Scoreboard1206.jpg/375px-Adelaide_Scoreboard1206.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Adelaide_Scoreboard1206.jpg/500px-Adelaide_Scoreboard1206.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Oval" title="Adelaide Oval">Adelaide Oval</a> cricket scoreboard during an <a href="/wiki/The_Ashes" title="The Ashes">Ashes Test</a> in Australia</figcaption></figure> The game on the field is regulated by the two <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(cricket)" title="Umpire (cricket)">umpires</a>, one of whom stands behind the wicket at the bowler's end and the other in a position called "square leg", which is about 15–20 m (49–66 ft) away from the batter on strike and in line with the popping crease on which that umpire is taking guard. The umpires have several responsibilities, including adjudication on whether a ball has been correctly bowled (i.e., not a <a href="/wiki/No-ball" title="No-ball">no-ball</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Wide_(cricket)" title="Wide (cricket)">wide</a>); when a run is scored; whether a batter is out (the fielding side must first <a href="/wiki/Appeal_(cricket)" title="Appeal (cricket)">appeal</a> to the umpire, usually with the phrase "How's that?" or "Howzat?"); when intervals start and end; and the suitability of the pitch, field and weather for playing the game. The umpires are authorised to interrupt or even abandon a match due to circumstances likely to endanger the players, such as a damp pitch or deterioration of the light.<a href="#cite_note-Law3-123">[121]</a> Off the field in televised matches, there is usually a <a href="/wiki/Third_umpire" title="Third umpire">third umpire</a> who can make decisions on certain incidents with the aid of video evidence. The third umpire is mandatory under the playing conditions for <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limited_Overs_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited Overs International">Limited Overs International</a> matches played between two ICC full member countries. These matches also have a <a href="/wiki/Match_referee" title="Match referee">match referee</a> whose job is to ensure that play is within the Laws and the spirit of the game.<a href="#cite_note-Law3-123">[121]</a> The match details, including runs and dismissals, are recorded by two official <a href="/wiki/Scoring_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoring (cricket)">scorers</a>, one representing each team. The scorers are directed by the hand signals of an umpire (see image, right). For example, the umpire raises a forefinger to signal that the batter is out (has been dismissed); the umpire raises both arms above their head if the batter has hit the ball for six runs. The scorers are required by the Laws to record all runs scored, wickets taken, and overs bowled; in practice, they also note significant amounts of additional data relating to the game.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> A match's <a href="/wiki/Cricket_statistics" title="Cricket statistics">statistics</a> are summarised on a <a href="/wiki/Cricket_scorecard" class="mw-redirect" title="Cricket scorecard">scorecard</a>. Prior to the popularisation of scorecards, most scoring was done by men sitting on vantage points cuttings notches on <a href="/wiki/Tally_stick" title="Tally stick">tally sticks</a>, and runs were originally called notches.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Rowland_Bowen" title="Rowland Bowen">Rowland Bowen</a>, the earliest known scorecard templates were introduced in 1776 by T. Pratt of <a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks" title="Sevenoaks">Sevenoaks</a> and soon came into general use.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> It is believed that scorecards were printed and sold at <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s" title="Lord's">Lord's</a> for the first time in 1846.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> Scores are displayed differently depending on location, although it is standard to show how many wickets have been lost and how many runs a team has made. Within Australia, the format is Wickets/Runs, while in the rest of the world, the format is Runs/Wickets. For example, a score of 125 runs with 4 wickets lost would be displayed as 4/125 or 125/4, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spirit_of_the_Game">Spirit of the Game</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Cricket" title="Laws of Cricket">Laws of Cricket</a></div> Besides observing the Laws, cricketers must respect the "Spirit of Cricket", a concept encompassing <a href="/wiki/Sportsmanship" title="Sportsmanship">sportsmanship</a>, fair play and mutual respect. This spirit has long been considered an integral part of the sport but is only nebulously defined. Amidst concern that the spirit was weakening, in 2000, a Preamble was added to the Laws instructing all participants to play within the spirit of the game. The Preamble was last updated in 2017, now opening with the line:<a href="#cite_note-preamble-130">[128]</a> <blockquote>Cricket owes much of its appeal and enjoyment to the fact that it should be played not only according to the Laws, but also within the Spirit of Cricket.</blockquote> The Preamble is a short statement intended to emphasise the "positive behaviours that make cricket an exciting game that encourages leadership, friendship, and teamwork".<a href="#cite_note-2017_changes-131">[129]</a> Its second line states that, "the major responsibility for ensuring fair play rests with the captains, but extends to all players, match officials and, especially in <a href="/wiki/Youth_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Youth cricket">junior cricket</a>, teachers, coaches and parents".<a href="#cite_note-preamble-130">[128]</a> The umpires are the sole judges of fair and unfair play. They are required under the Laws to intervene in case of dangerous or unfair play or in cases of unacceptable conduct by a player. Previous versions of the Spirit identified actions that were deemed contrary (for example, appealing knowing that the batter is not out), but all specifics are now covered in the Laws of Cricket, the relevant governing playing regulations and disciplinary codes, or left to the judgement of the umpires, captains, their clubs and governing bodies. The terse expression of the Spirit of Cricket now avoids trying to enumerate the diverse cultural conventions that exist in the detail of sportsmanship, or its absence. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Women's_cricket">Women's cricket</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_cricket" title="Women's cricket">Women's cricket</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mithali_Raj_Truro_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mithali_Raj_Truro_2012.jpg/220px-Mithali_Raj_Truro_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1362"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mithali_Raj_Truro_2012.jpg/220px-Mithali_Raj_Truro_2012.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mithali_Raj_Truro_2012.jpg/330px-Mithali_Raj_Truro_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mithali_Raj_Truro_2012.jpg/440px-Mithali_Raj_Truro_2012.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mithali_Raj" title="Mithali Raj">Mithali Raj</a> of India is the highest run scorer in women's international cricket. </figcaption></figure> Women's cricket was first recorded in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> in 1745.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> International development began at the start of the 20th century, and the first Test match was played between <a href="/wiki/Australia_Women_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia Women cricket team">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/England_women%27s_cricket_team" title="England women's cricket team">England</a> in December 1934.<a href="#cite_note-ICC20C-133">[131]</a> The following year, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Womens_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Womens cricket team">New Zealand</a> joined them, and in 2007 <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_women_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands women cricket team">Netherland</a> became the tenth women's Test nation when they made their debut against <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_women_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa women cricket team">South Africa</a>. In 1958, the International Women's Cricket Council was founded (it merged with the ICC in 2005).<a href="#cite_note-ICC20C-133">[131]</a> In 1973, the first Cricket World Cup of any kind took place when a Women's World Cup was held in England.<a href="#cite_note-ICC20C-133">[131]</a> In 2005, the <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Cricket_Council" title="International Women's Cricket Council">International Women's Cricket Council</a> was merged with the International Cricket Council (ICC) to form one unified body to help manage and develop cricket. The ICC Women's Rankings were launched on 1 October 2015 covering all three formats of women's cricket. In October 2018 following the ICC's decision to award T20 International status to all members, the Women's rankings were split into separate <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">ODI</a> (for Full Members) and T20I lists.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Cricket_Council" title="International Cricket Council">International Cricket Council</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Cricket_Council_members_(by_status)_Current.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/International_Cricket_Council_members_%28by_status%29_Current.svg/330px-International_Cricket_Council_members_%28by_status%29_Current.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 168px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/International_Cricket_Council_members_%28by_status%29_Current.svg/330px-International_Cricket_Council_members_%28by_status%29_Current.svg.png" data-width="330" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/International_Cricket_Council_members_%28by_status%29_Current.svg/495px-International_Cricket_Council_members_%28by_status%29_Current.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/International_Cricket_Council_members_%28by_status%29_Current.svg/660px-International_Cricket_Council_members_%28by_status%29_Current.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/International_Cricket_Council" title="International Cricket Council">ICC</a> member nations. The (highest level) Test playing nations are shown in red; the associate member nations are shown in orange, with those with <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">ODI status</a> in a darker shade; suspended or former members are shown in dark grey.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/International_Cricket_Council" title="International Cricket Council">International Cricket Council</a> (ICC), which has its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, is the global governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965 and took up its current name in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-ICC20C-133">[131]</a> The ICC in 2017 has 105 member nations, twelve of which hold full membership and can play <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test cricket</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, notably the men's and women's versions of the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup" title="Cricket World Cup">Cricket World Cup</a>. It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, Limited Overs Internationals and Twenty20 Internationals. Each member nation has a national cricket board which regulates cricket matches played in its country, selects the national squad, and organises home and away tours for the national team.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> In the West Indies, which for cricket purposes is a federation of nations, these matters are addressed by <a href="/wiki/Cricket_West_Indies" title="Cricket West Indies">Cricket West Indies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> The table below lists the ICC full members and their national cricket boards:<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Cricket governing bodies </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Nation </th> <th scope="col">Governing body </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="date">Full Member since<a href="#cite_note-A_Brief_History...-139">[137]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Cricket_Board" title="Afghanistan Cricket Board">Afghanistan Cricket Board</a> </td> <td>22 June 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket_Australia" title="Cricket Australia">Cricket Australia</a> </td> <td>15 July 1909 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Cricket_Board" title="Bangladesh Cricket Board">Bangladesh Cricket Board</a> </td> <td>26 June 2000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales_Cricket_Board" title="England and Wales Cricket Board">England and Wales Cricket Board</a> </td> <td>15 July 1909 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India" title="Board of Control for Cricket in India">Board of Control for Cricket in India</a> </td> <td>31 May 1926 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket_Ireland" title="Cricket Ireland">Cricket Ireland</a> </td> <td>22 June 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Cricket" title="New Zealand Cricket">New Zealand Cricket</a> </td> <td>31 May 1926 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Cricket_Board" title="Pakistan Cricket Board">Pakistan Cricket Board</a> </td> <td>28 July 1952 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket_South_Africa" title="Cricket South Africa">Cricket South Africa</a> </td> <td>15 July 1909 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Cricket" title="Sri Lanka Cricket">Sri Lanka Cricket</a> </td> <td>21 July 1981 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_cricket_team" title="West Indies cricket team">West Indies</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket_West_Indies" title="Cricket West Indies">Cricket West Indies</a> </td> <td>31 May 1926 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Cricket" title="Zimbabwe Cricket">Zimbabwe Cricket</a> </td> <td>6 July 1992 </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Forms_of_cricket">Forms of cricket</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Forms_of_cricket" title="Forms of cricket">Forms of cricket</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:England_vs_South_Africa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/England_vs_South_Africa.jpg/220px-England_vs_South_Africa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/England_vs_South_Africa.jpg/220px-England_vs_South_Africa.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/England_vs_South_Africa.jpg/330px-England_vs_South_Africa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/England_vs_South_Africa.jpg/440px-England_vs_South_Africa.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test match</a> between South Africa and England in January 2005. The men wearing black trousers are the <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(cricket)" title="Umpire (cricket)">umpires</a>. Teams in Test cricket, <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class cricket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Club_cricket" title="Club cricket">club cricket</a> wear traditional white uniforms and use red <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">cricket balls</a>.</figcaption></figure> Cricket is a multifaceted sport with multiple formats that can effectively be divided into <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limited_overs_cricket" title="Limited overs cricket">limited overs cricket</a>, and historically, <a href="/wiki/Single_wicket_cricket" title="Single wicket cricket">single wicket cricket</a>. The highest standard is <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test cricket</a> (always written with a capital "T") which is in effect the international version of first-class cricket and is restricted to teams representing the twelve countries that are full members of the ICC (see above). Although the term "Test match" was not coined until much later, Test cricket is deemed to have begun with two matches between <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/England_national_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="England national cricket team">England</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1876-77_Australian_cricket_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1876-77 Australian cricket season">1876–77 Australian season</a>; since 1882, most Test series between England and Australia have been played for a trophy known as <a href="/wiki/The_Ashes" title="The Ashes">The Ashes</a>. The term "first-class", in general usage, is applied to top-level domestic cricket. Test matches are played over five days and first-class over three to four days; in all of these matches, the teams are allotted two innings each and the <a href="/wiki/Draw_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Draw (cricket)">draw</a> is a valid result.<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> Limited overs cricket is always scheduled for completion in a single day, and the teams are allotted one innings each. There are two main types: <a href="/wiki/List_A_cricket" title="List A cricket">List A</a> which normally allows fifty overs per team; and <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Twenty20</a> in which the teams have twenty overs each. Both of the limited overs forms are played internationally as <a href="/wiki/Limited_Overs_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited Overs International">Limited Overs Internationals</a> (LOI) and <a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20 Internationals</a> (T20I). List A was introduced in England in the 1963 season as a knockout cup contested by the first-class county clubs. In 1969, a national league competition was established. The concept was gradually introduced to the other leading cricket countries and the first limited overs international was played in 1971. In 1975, the first <a href="/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup" title="Cricket World Cup">Cricket World Cup</a> took place in England. Twenty20 is a new variant of limited overs itself with the purpose being to complete the match within about three to four hours, usually in an evening session. The first <a href="/wiki/Twenty20_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty20 World Championship">Twenty20 World Championship</a> was held in 2007. In addition, a few full-member cricket boards have decided to start leagues that are played in the <a href="/wiki/T10_cricket" title="T10 cricket">T10 format</a>,<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> in which games are intended to last approximately 90 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> Most recently, in 2021, the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) introduced a new league featuring a hundred-ball tournament, known as <a href="/wiki/The_Hundred_(cricket)" title="The Hundred (cricket)">The Hundred</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> Limited overs matches cannot be drawn, although a <a href="/wiki/Tie_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tie (cricket)">tie</a> is possible and an unfinished match is a "<a href="/wiki/No-result" class="mw-redirect" title="No-result">no result</a>".<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> Single wicket was popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, and its matches were generally considered top-class. In this form, although each team may have from one to six players, there is only one batter in at a time, and that batter must face every delivery bowled while their innings lasts. Single wicket has rarely been played since limited overs cricket began. Matches tended to have two innings per team like a full first-class one and they could end in a draw.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Competitions">Competitions</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> Cricket is played at both the international and domestic level. There is one major international championship per format, and top-level domestic competitions mirror the three main international formats. There are now a number of <a href="/wiki/T20_leagues" class="mw-redirect" title="T20 leagues">T20 leagues</a>, which have spawned a "T20 freelancer" phenomenon.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_competitions">International competitions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_cricket" title="International cricket">International cricket</a></div> Most international matches are played as parts of 'tours', when one nation travels to another for a number of weeks or months, and plays a number of matches of various sorts against the host nation. Sometimes a <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket#Perpetual_trophies" title="Test cricket">perpetual trophy</a> is awarded to the winner of the Test series, the most famous of which is <a href="/wiki/The_Ashes" title="The Ashes">The Ashes</a>. The ICC also organises competitions that are for several countries at once, including the <a href="/wiki/ICC_Men%27s_Cricket_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC Men's Cricket World Cup">ICC Men's Cricket World Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICC_T20_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC T20 World Cup">ICC T20 World Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/ICC_Champions_Trophy" title="ICC Champions Trophy">ICC Champions Trophy</a>. A league competition for Test matches played as part of normal tours, the <a href="/wiki/ICC_World_Test_Championship" title="ICC World Test Championship">ICC World Test Championship</a>, had been proposed several times, and its <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9321_ICC_World_Test_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–21 ICC World Test Championship">first instance</a> began in 2019. A league competition for <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">ODIs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/ICC_Cricket_World_Cup_Super_League" title="ICC Cricket World Cup Super League">ICC Cricket World Cup Super League</a>, began in August 2020 and lasted only for one edition. The ICC maintains <a href="/wiki/ICC_Test_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC Test Championship">Test rankings</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICC_ODI_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC ODI Championship">ODI rankings</a> and <a href="/wiki/ICC_T20I_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC T20I Championship">T20 rankings</a> systems for the countries which play these forms of cricket. Competitions for member nations of the ICC with <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Cricket_Council_members#Associate_members" title="List of International Cricket Council members">Associate status</a> include the <a href="/wiki/ICC_Intercontinental_Cup" title="ICC Intercontinental Cup">ICC Intercontinental Cup</a>, for first-class cricket matches, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Cricket_League" title="World Cricket League">World Cricket League</a> for one-day matches, the final matches of which now also serve as the <a href="/wiki/ICC_World_Cup_Qualifier" title="ICC World Cup Qualifier">ICC World Cup Qualifier</a>. The game's only appearance in an <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Cricket at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Olympics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> However, it is scheduled to make a return, with the <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">T20</a> format of the game, in the <a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Summer Olympics</a> in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_competitions">National competitions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Domestic_cricket_competitions" title="Category:Domestic cricket competitions">Category:Domestic cricket competitions</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yorkshire-CCC-1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Yorkshire-CCC-1895.jpg/220px-Yorkshire-CCC-1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="832"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 179px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Yorkshire-CCC-1895.jpg/220px-Yorkshire-CCC-1895.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="179" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Yorkshire-CCC-1895.jpg/330px-Yorkshire-CCC-1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Yorkshire-CCC-1895.jpg/440px-Yorkshire-CCC-1895.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Yorkshire County Cricket Club">Yorkshire County Cricket Club</a> in 1895. The team first won the County Championship in 1893.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First-class">First-class</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_first-class_cricket_teams" title="List of current first-class cricket teams">List of current first-class cricket teams</a></div> First-class cricket in England is played for the most part by the 18 county clubs which contest the <a href="/wiki/County_Championship" title="County Championship">County Championship</a>. The concept of a <a href="/wiki/Champion_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Champion County">champion county</a> has existed since the 18th century but the official competition was not established until 1890.<a href="#cite_note-AMCS-49">[48]</a> The most successful club has been <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Yorkshire County Cricket Club">Yorkshire</a>, who had won 32 official titles (plus one shared) as of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> Australia established its national first-class championship in 1892–93 when the <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Shield" title="Sheffield Shield">Sheffield Shield</a> was introduced. In Australia, the first-class teams represent the various states.<a href="#cite_note-CH175-156">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_cricket_team" title="New South Wales cricket team">New South Wales</a> has the highest number of titles. The other ICC full members have national championship trophies called the <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Abdali_4-day_Tournament" title="Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament">Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament</a> (Afghanistan); the <a href="/wiki/National_Cricket_League" title="National Cricket League">National Cricket League</a> (Bangladesh); the <a href="/wiki/Ranji_Trophy" title="Ranji Trophy">Ranji Trophy</a> (India); the <a href="/wiki/Inter-Provincial_Championship" title="Inter-Provincial Championship">Inter-Provincial Championship</a> (Ireland); the <a href="/wiki/Plunket_Shield" title="Plunket Shield">Plunket Shield</a> (New Zealand); the <a href="/wiki/Quaid-e-Azam_Trophy" title="Quaid-e-Azam Trophy">Quaid-e-Azam Trophy</a> (Pakistan); the <a href="/wiki/Sunfoil_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunfoil Series">Currie Cup</a> (South Africa); the <a href="/wiki/Premier_Trophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier Trophy">Premier Trophy</a> (Sri Lanka); the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Four_Day_Competition" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Four Day Competition">Shell Shield</a> (West Indies); and the <a href="/wiki/Logan_Cup" title="Logan Cup">Logan Cup</a> (Zimbabwe). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Limited_overs">Limited overs</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Twenty20_cricket_competitions" title="List of Twenty20 cricket competitions">List of Twenty20 cricket competitions</a>, <a href="/wiki/T10_leagues" class="mw-redirect" title="T10 leagues">T10 leagues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Hundred_(cricket)" title="The Hundred (cricket)">The Hundred</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Minor_Counties_Cricket_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor Counties Cricket Championship">Minor Counties Cricket Championship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_XI_Championship" title="Second XI Championship">Second XI Championship</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Club_and_school_cricket">Club and school cricket</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Y.M.C.A._women_playing_cricket,_Sydney_University,_R._Donaldson,_23_April_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Y.M.C.A._women_playing_cricket%2C_Sydney_University%2C_R._Donaldson%2C_23_April_1941.jpg/220px-Y.M.C.A._women_playing_cricket%2C_Sydney_University%2C_R._Donaldson%2C_23_April_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="760"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Y.M.C.A._women_playing_cricket%2C_Sydney_University%2C_R._Donaldson%2C_23_April_1941.jpg/220px-Y.M.C.A._women_playing_cricket%2C_Sydney_University%2C_R._Donaldson%2C_23_April_1941.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Y.M.C.A._women_playing_cricket%2C_Sydney_University%2C_R._Donaldson%2C_23_April_1941.jpg/330px-Y.M.C.A._women_playing_cricket%2C_Sydney_University%2C_R._Donaldson%2C_23_April_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Y.M.C.A._women_playing_cricket%2C_Sydney_University%2C_R._Donaldson%2C_23_April_1941.jpg/440px-Y.M.C.A._women_playing_cricket%2C_Sydney_University%2C_R._Donaldson%2C_23_April_1941.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Y.M.C.A. women playing cricket as part of 'sports for troops', <a href="/wiki/Sydney_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney University">Sydney University</a>, 23 April 1941</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Old_Baltimore_Cricket_Club,_Image_2_(1927).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_Old_Baltimore_Cricket_Club%2C_Image_2_%281927%29.png/220px-The_Old_Baltimore_Cricket_Club%2C_Image_2_%281927%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="731"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_Old_Baltimore_Cricket_Club%2C_Image_2_%281927%29.png/220px-The_Old_Baltimore_Cricket_Club%2C_Image_2_%281927%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_Old_Baltimore_Cricket_Club%2C_Image_2_%281927%29.png/330px-The_Old_Baltimore_Cricket_Club%2C_Image_2_%281927%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_Old_Baltimore_Cricket_Club%2C_Image_2_%281927%29.png/440px-The_Old_Baltimore_Cricket_Club%2C_Image_2_%281927%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Old Baltimore Cricket Club, 1927</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Village_cricket" title="Village cricket">Village cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Club_cricket" title="Club cricket">Club cricket</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schools_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Schools cricket">Schools cricket</a></div> The world's earliest known cricket match was a <a href="/wiki/Village_cricket" title="Village cricket">village cricket</a> meeting in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> which has been deduced from a 1640 court case recording a "cricketing" of "the Weald and the Upland" versus "the Chalk Hill" at <a href="/wiki/Chevening" title="Chevening">Chevening</a> "about thirty years since" (i.e., <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1611). Inter-parish contests became popular in the first half of the 17th century and continued to develop through the 18th with the first local leagues being founded in the second half of the 19th.<a href="#cite_note-DU4-23">[23]</a> At the grassroots level, local <a href="/wiki/Club_cricket" title="Club cricket">club cricket</a> is essentially an amateur pastime for those involved but still usually involves teams playing in competitions at weekends or in the evening. <a href="/wiki/Schools_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Schools cricket">Schools cricket</a>, first known in southern England in the 17th century, has a similar scenario and both are widely played in the countries where cricket is popular.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> Although there can be variations in game format, compared with professional cricket, the Laws are always observed and club/school matches are therefore formal and competitive events.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> The sport has numerous informal variants such as <a href="/wiki/French_cricket" title="French cricket">French cricket</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivalries">Rivalries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:Cricket_rivalries" title="Category:Cricket rivalries">Category:Cricket rivalries</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:Cricket_culture" title="Category:Cricket culture">Category:Cricket culture</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_everyday_life">Influence on everyday life</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:168px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_cricket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Street_cricket.jpg/112px-Street_cricket.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 112px;height: 169px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Street_cricket.jpg/112px-Street_cricket.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="112" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Street_cricket.jpg/168px-Street_cricket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Street_cricket.jpg/224px-Street_cricket.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:168px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG/172px-Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG" decoding="async" width="172" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="717"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 172px;height: 169px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG/172px-Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="172" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG/258px-Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG/344px-Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Street_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Street cricket">Street cricket</a> played in India and the <a href="/wiki/Plaquita" title="Plaquita">Dominican Republic</a>.</div></div></div></div> Cricket has had a broad impact on popular culture, both in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> and elsewhere. It has, for example, influenced the <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexicon</a> of these nations, especially the English language, with various phrases such as "that's not cricket" (that's unfair), "had a good <a href="/wiki/Innings#Usage_outside_of_cricket" title="Innings">innings</a>" (lived a long life), and "<a href="/wiki/Sticky_wicket" title="Sticky wicket">sticky wicket</a>". "On a sticky wicket" (aka "sticky dog" or "glue pot")<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a><a href="#cite_note-CalliesKeller2011-161">[159]</a> used to describe a difficult circumstance. It originated as a term for difficult batting conditions in cricket, caused by a damp and soft pitch.<a href="#cite_note-Hendrickson2001-162">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_arts_and_popular_culture">In the arts and popular culture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_fiction" title="Cricket in fiction">Cricket in fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_film_and_television" title="Cricket in film and television">Cricket in film and television</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cricket_poetry" title="Cricket poetry">Cricket poetry</a></div> Cricket is the subject of works by noted English poets, including <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-art-163">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Beyond_a_Boundary" title="Beyond a Boundary">Beyond a Boundary</a> (1963), written by Trinidadian <a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">C. L. R. James</a>, is often named the best book on any sport ever written.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> In the visual arts, notable cricket paintings include <a href="/wiki/Albert_Chevallier_Tayler" title="Albert Chevallier Tayler">Albert Chevallier Tayler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kent_vs_Lancashire_at_Canterbury" title="Kent vs Lancashire at Canterbury">Kent vs Lancashire at Canterbury</a> (1907) and <a href="/wiki/Russell_Drysdale" title="Russell Drysdale">Russell Drysdale</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Cricketers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cricketers">The Cricketers</a> (1948), which has been called "possibly the most famous Australian painting of the 20th century."<a href="#cite_note-Meacham-165">[163]</a> French <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a> painted cricket on a visit to England in the 1890s.<a href="#cite_note-art-163">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(artist)" title="Francis Bacon (artist)">Francis Bacon</a>, an avid cricket fan, captured a batter in motion.<a href="#cite_note-art-163">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Nanan" title="Wendy Nanan">Wendy Nanan</a>'s cricket images<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> are featured in a limited edition first day cover for <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mail" title="Royal Mail">Royal Mail</a>'s "World of Invention" stamp issue, which celebrated the London Cricket Conference 1–3 March 2007, first international workshop of its kind and part of the celebrations leading up to the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup" title="Cricket World Cup">Cricket World Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> In music, many <a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">calypsos</a> make reference to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_calypsos_with_sociopolitical_influences#Sports_-_Cricket" title="List of calypsos with sociopolitical influences">Sport of Cricket</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_other_sports">Influence on other sports</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Handcock_Tom_Wills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/William_Handcock_Tom_Wills.jpg/170px-William_Handcock_Tom_Wills.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="607"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 261px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/William_Handcock_Tom_Wills.jpg/170px-William_Handcock_Tom_Wills.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="261" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/William_Handcock_Tom_Wills.jpg/255px-William_Handcock_Tom_Wills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/William_Handcock_Tom_Wills.jpg/340px-William_Handcock_Tom_Wills.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wills" title="Tom Wills">Tom Wills</a>, cricketer and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Australian_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian football">Australian football</a></figcaption></figure> Cricket has close historical ties with <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> and many players have <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_rules_footballers_and_cricketers" title="List of Australian rules footballers and cricketers">competed at top levels in both sports</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> In 1858, prominent Australian cricketer <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wills" title="Tom Wills">Tom Wills</a> called for the formation of a "foot-ball club" with "a code of laws" to keep cricketers fit during the off-season. The <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club" title="Melbourne Football Club">Melbourne Football Club</a> was founded the following year, and Wills and three other members codified the first laws of the game.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> It is typically played on <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_playing_field" title="Australian rules football playing field">modified cricket fields</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> In England, a number of <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> clubs owe their origins to cricketers who sought to play football as a means of keeping fit during the winter months. <a href="/wiki/Derby_County_F._C." class="mw-redirect" title="Derby County F. C.">Derby County</a> was founded as a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Derbyshire County Cricket Club">Derbyshire County Cricket Club</a> in 1884;<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aston_Villa_F._C." class="mw-redirect" title="Aston Villa F. C.">Aston Villa</a> (1874) and <a href="/wiki/Everton_F._C." class="mw-redirect" title="Everton F. C.">Everton</a> (1876) were both founded by members of church cricket teams.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_United_F._C." class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield United F. C.">Sheffield United</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bramall_Lane" title="Bramall Lane">Bramall Lane</a> ground was, from 1854, the home of the <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Cricket_Club" title="Sheffield Cricket Club">Sheffield Cricket Club</a>, and then of <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Yorkshire County Cricket Club">Yorkshire</a>; it was not used for football until 1862 and was shared by Yorkshire and Sheffield United from 1889 to 1973.<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> In the late 19th century, a former cricketer, English-born <a href="/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_(writer)" title="Henry Chadwick (writer)">Henry Chadwick</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, was credited with devising the baseball <a href="/wiki/Box_score_(baseball)" title="Box score (baseball)">box score</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> (which he adapted from the cricket scorecard) for reporting game events. The first box score appeared in an 1859 issue of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Clipper" title="New York Clipper">Clipper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPR-175">[173]</a> The statistical record is so central to the game's "historical essence" that Chadwick is sometimes referred to as "the Father of Baseball" because he facilitated the popularity of the sport in its early days.<a href="#cite_note-Myth-176">[174]</a> The influence of <a href="/wiki/English_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="English sports">English sports</a> such as cricket in <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_South_Asia" title="Traditional games of South Asia">local sports</a> becoming standardised by the 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> The 21st century success of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">Indian Premier League</a> also inspired the growth of other sports leagues in India,<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> with some of the native sports being further modernised, as with the popular <a href="/wiki/Pro_Kabaddi_League" title="Pro Kabaddi League">Pro Kabaddi League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cricketball.png/28px-Cricketball.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="325"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cricketball.png/28px-Cricketball.png" data-alt="" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cricketball.png/42px-Cricketball.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cricketball.png/56px-Cricketball.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cricket" title="Portal:Cricket">Cricket portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="226"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 31px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png" data-alt="" data-width="31" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/47px-Sports_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/62px-Sports_icon.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Sports" title="Portal:Sports">Sports portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cricket_terms" title="Glossary of cricket terms">Glossary of cricket terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_and_Stumpy" title="Willow and Stumpy">Willow and Stumpy</a></li></ul> Related sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Street cricket">Street cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_baseball_and_cricket" title="Comparison of baseball and cricket">Comparison of baseball and cricket</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoolball" title="Stoolball">Stoolball</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-amateur-36"><a href="#cite_ref-amateur_36-0">^</a> The term "amateur" in this context does not mean someone who played cricket in his spare time. Many amateurs in <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class cricket</a> were full-time players during the cricket season. Some of the game's greatest players, including <a href="/wiki/W._G._Grace" title="W. G. Grace">W. G. Grace</a>, held amateur status. </li> </ol></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> The exception to this is if a batter has any type of illness or injury restricting their ability to run; in this case, the batter is allowed a <a href="/wiki/Runner_(cricket)" title="Runner (cricket)">runner</a> who can run between the wickets when the batter hits a scoring run or runs,<a href="#cite_note-Law25-84">[83]</a> though this does not apply in international cricket.<a href="#cite_note-ICCTestPlayCond-85">[84]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSensharma2024" class="citation web cs1">Sensharma, Agastya (4 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theavmtheory.com/post/cricket-a-gentleman-s-game">"Cricket: A Gentleman's Game"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-6-the-bat/">the original</a> on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laws+of+Cricket&rft.atitle=Law+6+%E2%80%93+The+bat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lords.org%2Fmcc%2Flaws-of-cricket%2Flaws%2Flaw-6-the-bat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703063903/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/appendix-e-the-bat/">"Appendix E – The bat"</a>. Laws of Cricket. MCC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/appendix-e-the-bat/">the original</a> on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laws+of+Cricket&rft.atitle=Appendix+E+%E2%80%93+The+bat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lords.org%2Fmcc%2Flaws-of-cricket%2Flaws%2Fappendix-e-the-bat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPTI2022" class="citation news cs1">PTI (20 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/saliva-ban-made-permanent-as-icc-announces-changes-to-playing-conditions/article65913273.ece">"Saliva ban made permanent as ICC announces changes to playing conditions"</a>. The Hindu. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. Retrieved 5 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Saliva+ban+made+permanent+as+ICC+announces+changes+to+playing+conditions&rft.date=2022-09-20&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsport%2Fcricket%2Fsaliva-ban-made-permanent-as-icc-announces-changes-to-playing-conditions%2Farticle65913273.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Law5-94"><a href="#cite_ref-Law5_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702052655/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-ball/">"Law 5 – The ball"</a>. Laws of Cricket. MCC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-5-the-ball/">the original</a> on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laws+of+Cricket&rft.atitle=Law+5+%E2%80%93+The+ball&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lords.org%2Fmcc%2Flaws-of-cricket%2Flaws%2Flaw-5-the-ball%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> The photo was taken during an international match between <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_national_cricket_team" title="Sri Lanka national cricket team">Sri Lanka</a>; <a href="/wiki/Muttiah_Muralitharan" title="Muttiah Muralitharan">Muttiah Muralitharan</a> of Sri Lanka is bowling to Australian batter <a href="/wiki/Adam_Gilchrist" title="Adam Gilchrist">Adam Gilchrist</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cricket.com.au/news/3306597">"Maxwell launches strong defence of 'unfair' switch hit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cricket_Australia" title="Cricket Australia">Cricket Australia</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-22-the-over/">the original</a> on 2 July 2017. 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John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 73–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-2384-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-2384-5"><bdi>978-90-272-2384-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bi-directionality+in+the+Cognitive+Sciences%3A+Avenues%2C+Challenges%2C+and+Limitations&rft.pages=73-&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-272-2384-5&rft.au=Marcus+Callies&rft.au=Wolfram+R.+Keller&rft.au=Astrid+Loh%C3%B6fer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSC3cBXfj4UcC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hendrickson2001-162"><a href="#cite_ref-Hendrickson2001_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Hendrickson2001" class="citation book cs1">Robert Hendrickson (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldenglishfrom00hend">World English: From Aloha to Zed</a>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-34518-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-34518-3"><bdi>978-0-471-34518-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+English%3A+From+Aloha+to+Zed&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-471-34518-3&rft.au=Robert+Hendrickson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldenglishfrom00hend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-art-163">^ <a href="#cite_ref-art_163-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-art_163-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-art_163-2">c</a> Smart, Alastair (20 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-features/10191131/The-art-of-cricket-Enough-to-leave-you-stumped.html">"The art of cricket: Enough to leave you stumped"</a>, The Telegraph. Retrieved 12 March 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Rosengarten, Frank (2007). Urbane Revolutionary: C. L. R. James and the Struggle for a New Society. University Press of Mississippi, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-7289-096-7" title="Special:BookSources/87-7289-096-7">87-7289-096-7</a> p. 134 </li> <li id="cite_note-Meacham-165"><a href="#cite_ref-Meacham_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeacham2009" class="citation news cs1">Meacham, Steve (6 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/entertainment/arts/montmartre-with-eucalypts/2009/06/05/1243708612484.html">"Montmartre, with eucalypts"</a>. Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax. 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Black Inc. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-347-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-347-4"><bdi>978-1-86395-347-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Game+of+Our+Own%3A+The+Origins+of+Australian+Football&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Black+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-347-4&rft.aulast=Blainey&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Moore2008" class="citation book cs1">de Moore, Greg (2008). Tom Wills: His Spectacular Rise and Tragic Fall. 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Viking. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-07089-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-07089-3"><bdi>978-0-670-07089-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+National+Game%3A+The+History+of+Australian+Rules+Football&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-670-07089-3&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Rob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> Goldstein, p. 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> Goldstein, pp. 15 & 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> Goldstein, p. 458. </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> His Hall of Fame plaque states, in part: "Inventor of the box score. Author of the first rule-book ... 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Retrieved 1 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=How+India+came+to+love+cricket%2C+favored+sport+of+its+colonial+British+rulers&rft.date=2020-02-26&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Dzikus%2C+Lars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fhow-india-came-to-love-cricket-favored-sport-of-its-colonial-british-rulers-132302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/from-handball-to-panja-why-sports-leagues-are-taking-off-in-india/86315/1">"From Handball To Panja, Why Sports Leagues Are Taking Off In India"</a>. Forbes India. 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The Economist. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. Retrieved 30 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+end+of+cricket%27s+Indian+monopoly&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fasia%2F2024%2F04%2F04%2Fthe-end-of-crickets-indian-monopoly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltham1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Altham" title="Harry Altham">Altham, H. S.</a> (1962). A History of Cricket, Volume 1 (to 1914). London: George Allen & Unwin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Cricket%2C+Volume+1+%28to+1914%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Altham&rft.aufirst=H.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshley-Cooper1900" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/F._S._Ashley-Cooper" title="F. S. Ashley-Cooper">Ashley-Cooper, F. S.</a> (1900). At the Sign of the Wicket: Cricket 1742–1751. Cricket: A Weekly Record of the Game. London: Cricket Magazine. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28863559">28863559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+the+Sign+of+the+Wicket%3A+Cricket+1742%E2%80%931751&rft.place=London&rft.series=Cricket%3A+A+Weekly+Record+of+the+Game&rft.pub=Cricket+Magazine&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28863559&rft.aulast=Ashley-Cooper&rft.aufirst=F.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarclays1986" class="citation book cs1">Barclays (1986). <a href="/wiki/E._W._Swanton" title="E. W. Swanton">Swanton, E. W.</a> (ed.). Barclays World of Cricket. London: Willow Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-218193-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-218193-2"><bdi>0-00-218193-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barclays+World+of+Cricket&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Willow+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-00-218193-2&rft.au=Barclays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirley1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Birley" title="Derek Birley">Birley, Derek</a> (1999). A Social History of English Cricket. London: Aurum Press Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85410-710-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85410-710-0"><bdi>1-85410-710-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+English+Cricket&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Aurum+Press+Ltd&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-85410-710-0&rft.aulast=Birley&rft.aufirst=Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rowland_Bowen" title="Rowland Bowen">Bowen, Rowland</a> (1970). Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-413-27860-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-413-27860-3"><bdi>0-413-27860-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cricket%3A+A+History+of+its+Growth+and+Development&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Eyre+%26+Spottiswoode&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-413-27860-3&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Rowland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2000" class="citation book cs1">Goldstein, Dan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoengl00dang">The Rough Guide to English Football (2000–2001)</a>. London: Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-557-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-557-7"><bdi>1-85828-557-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+English+Football+%282000%E2%80%932001%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85828-557-7&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froughguidetoengl00dang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarte1993" class="citation book cs1">Harte, Chris (1993). A History of Australian Cricket. London: Andre Deutsch. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-233-98825-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-233-98825-4"><bdi>0-233-98825-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Australian+Cricket&rft.place=London&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Andre+Deutsch&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-233-98825-4&rft.aulast=Harte&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaygarth1862" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Haygarth" title="Arthur Haygarth">Haygarth, Arthur</a> (1862). Frederick Lillywhite's Cricket Scores & Biographies, Volume 1 (1744–1826). London: Frederick Lillywhite.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frederick+Lillywhite%27s+Cricket+Scores+%26+Biographies%2C+Volume+1+%281744%E2%80%931826%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frederick+Lillywhite&rft.date=1862&rft.aulast=Haygarth&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajor2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major, John</a> (2007). More Than A Game. London: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-718364-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-718364-7"><bdi>978-0-00-718364-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+Than+A+Game&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-00-718364-7&rft.aulast=Major&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCann2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_J._McCann" title="Timothy J. McCann">McCann, Tim</a> (2004). Sussex Cricket in the Eighteenth Century. Lewes: Sussex Record Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85445-055-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85445-055-6"><bdi>0-85445-055-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sussex+Cricket+in+the+Eighteenth+Century&rft.place=Lewes&rft.pub=Sussex+Record+Society&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-85445-055-6&rft.aulast=McCann&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyren1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Nyren" title="John Nyren">Nyren, John</a> (1998) [First published 1833]. Ashley Mote (ed.). The Cricketers of my Time. London: Robson Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86105-168-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-86105-168-9"><bdi>1-86105-168-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cricketers+of+my+Time&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Robson+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-86105-168-9&rft.aulast=Nyren&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnderdown2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Underdown" title="David Underdown">Underdown, David</a> (2000). Start of Play. London: Allen Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-713-99330-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-713-99330-8"><bdi>0-713-99330-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Start+of+Play&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-713-99330-8&rft.aulast=Underdown&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebber1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Webber" title="Roy Webber">Webber, Roy</a> (1960). The Phoenix History of Cricket. London: Phoenix House Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phoenix+History+of+Cricket&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix+House+Ltd&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Williams,_Baron_Williams_of_Elvel" title="Charles Williams, Baron Williams of Elvel">Williams, Charles</a> (2012). Gentlemen & Players – The Death of Amateurism in Cricket. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2927-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2927-1"><bdi>978-0-7538-2927-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gentlemen+%26+Players+%E2%80%93+The+Death+of+Amateurism+in+Cricket&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7538-2927-1&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuha2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Guha" title="Ramachandra Guha">Guha, Ramachandra</a> (2002). A Corner of a Foreign Field: The Indian History of a British Sport. London: Picador. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-330-49117-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-330-49117-2"><bdi>0-330-49117-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/255899689">255899689</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Corner+of+a+Foreign+Field%3A+The+Indian+History+of+a+British+Sport&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F255899689&rft.isbn=0-330-49117-2&rft.aulast=Guha&rft.aufirst=Ramachandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACricket" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Cricket at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cricket" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Cricket">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Cricket" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Cricket">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cricket" class="extiw" title="q:Cricket">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cricket" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Cricket">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cricket" class="extiw" title="b:Cricket">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cricket" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Cricket">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Cricket" class="extiw" title="voy:Cricket">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375" class="extiw" title="d:Q5375">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cricket.com/">International Cricket Council (ICC)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/index.html">ESPNcricinfo</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cricket&oldid=1277173680">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cricket&oldid=1277173680</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Cricket&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 February 2025, at 03:22 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krieket" title="Krieket – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Krieket" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="क्रिकेट – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="क्रिकेट" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA" title="كريكت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كريكت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADquet" title="Críquet – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Críquet" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="ক্ৰিকেট – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ক্ৰিকেট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADquet" title="Críquet – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Críquet" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="क्रिकेट – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="क्रिकेट" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kir%C3%ADkete" title="Kiríkete – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kiríkete" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="کریکت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کریکت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="ক্রিকেট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রিকেট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1n-ki%C3%BB" title="Pán-kiû – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pán-kiû" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крикет – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Крикет" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крыкет – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крыкет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крыкет – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крыкет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="क्रिकेट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्रिकेट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крикет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Крикет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriked" title="Kriked – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kriked" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крикет – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Крикет" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criquet" title="Criquet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Criquet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criced" title="Criced – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Criced" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="كريكيت – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كريكيت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="क्रिकेट – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="क्रिकेट" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%84" title="Κρίκετ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρίκετ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADquet" title="Críquet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Críquet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriketo" title="Kriketo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kriketo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADquet" title="Críquet – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Críquet" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="کریکت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کریکت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruic%C3%A9ad" title="Cruicéad – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cruicéad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criogaid" title="Criogaid – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Criogaid" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADcket" title="Crícket – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Crícket" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E7%90%83" title="板球 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="板球" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F" title="ક્રિકેટ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ક્રિકેટ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%BC%93" title="크리켓 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크리켓" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurket" title="Kurket – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kurket" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Կրիկետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կրիկետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="क्रिकेट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रिकेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriketo" title="Kriketo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kriketo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqakamba" title="Iqakamba – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Iqakamba" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhilikithi" title="Ikhilikithi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ikhilikithi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krikket" title="Krikket – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Krikket" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98" title="קריקט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קריקט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C9%A9k%C9%9Bt%C9%A9" title="Krɩkɛtɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Krɩkɛtɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ರಿಕೆಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ರಿಕೆಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კრიკეტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კრიკეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%90%D8%B1%D9%9B%DA%A9%D9%8E%D9%B9" title="کِرٛکَٹ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کِرٛکَٹ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крикет – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Крикет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriketi" title="Kriketi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kriketi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krik%C3%A8t_(esp%C3%B2)" title="Krikèt (espò) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Krikèt (espò)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krik%C3%A8t" title="Krikèt – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Krikèt" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крикет – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Крикет" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criccetius_lusus" title="Criccetius lusus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Criccetius lusus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krikets" title="Krikets – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krikets" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriketas" title="Kriketas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kriketas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricet" title="Cricet – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cricet" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krikett" title="Krikett – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Krikett" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="क्रिकेट – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="क्रिकेट" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крикет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Крикет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്രിക്കറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രിക്കറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="क्रिकेट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्रिकेट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კრიკეტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კრიკეტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="كريكيت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كريكيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="کریکت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کریکت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крикет – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Крикет" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ကရစ်ကက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကရစ်ကက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="क्रिकेट – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्रिकेट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="क्रिकेट – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्रिकेट" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="クリケット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリケット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крикет – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Крикет" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criquet" title="Criquet – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Criquet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F" title="କ୍ରିକେଟ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କ୍ରିକେଟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F" title="ਕ੍ਰਿਕਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕ੍ਰਿਕਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%B9" title="کرکٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کرکٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%BC" title="کريکټ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کريکټ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krikit" title="Krikit – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Krikit" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krykiet" title="Krykiet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krykiet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADquete" title="Críquete – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Críquete" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crichet" title="Crichet – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Crichet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirp%27i_pukllay" title="Sirp'i pukllay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sirp'i pukllay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крикет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крикет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirikiti" title="Kirikiti – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kirikiti" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रिकेट्-क्रीडा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="क्रिकेट्-क्रीडा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%B9" title="کرکٹ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کرکٹ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriketi" title="Kriketi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kriketi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A" title="ක්‍රිකට් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍රිකට්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BD" title="ڪرڪيٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪرڪيٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8E%D8%AA" title="کریکێت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کریکێت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крикет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крикет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krik%C3%A9t" title="Krikét – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Krikét" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriketti" title="Kriketti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kriketti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="துடுப்பாட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துடுப்பாட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="క్రికెట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్రికెట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95" title="คริกเกต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริกเกต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ರಿಕೆಟ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕ್ರಿಕೆಟ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крикет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крикет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%B9" title="کرکٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرکٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cricket" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kriket" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E7%90%83" title="板球 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="板球" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%98" title="קריקעט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קריקעט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%90%83" title="木球 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="木球" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%97kets" title="Krėkets – Samogitian" lang="sgs" 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