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politically conservative mass media company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a municipality's chief administrative building, see <a href="/wiki/Town_hall" title="Town hall">Town hall</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Town_Hall_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Town Hall (disambiguation)">Town Hall (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Townhall" title="Special:EditPage/Townhall">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Townhall%22">"Townhall"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Townhall%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Townhall%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Townhall%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Townhall%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Townhall%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Townhall</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Th_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Th_logo.svg/220px-Th_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Th_logo.svg/330px-Th_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Th_logo.svg/440px-Th_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="132" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data">News and opinion website, magazine, radio news service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owners</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> (1995–2005)<br /><a href="/wiki/Independent_business" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent business">Independent</a> (2005–2006)<br /><a href="/wiki/Salem_Media_Group" title="Salem Media Group">Salem Media Group</a> (2006–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Katie_Pavlich" title="Katie Pavlich">Katie Pavlich</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://townhall.com">townhall<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">Optional, required to comment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">March 2, 1995<span class="noprint">; 29 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1995-03-02</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Online</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Townhall</b> is an American <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> website, print <a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">magazine</a> and radio news service. Previously published by <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a>, it is now owned and operated by <a href="/wiki/Salem_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Salem Communications">Salem Communications</a>. The website features more than 80 columns (both syndicated and exclusive) by a variety of writers and commentators. The website also publishes news articles from the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. </p><p>Townhall also provides five minute radio newscasts around the clock, detailing national and world news items.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These newscasts air at the beginning of each hour on many Salem-owned radio stations and on <a href="/wiki/Salem_Radio_Network" title="Salem Radio Network">Salem Radio Network</a> <a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">affiliates</a>, as well as on <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM" title="Sirius XM">Sirius XM</a> <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM_Patriot" title="Sirius XM Patriot">Patriot Channel 125</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Townhall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Townhall was founded on March 2, 1995, as one of the first <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> internet communities. In 2005, Townhall.com split off from <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a>. </p><p>In May 2006, <a href="/wiki/Salem_Media_Group" title="Salem Media Group">Salem Communications</a> acquired Townhall.com and relaunched the site with the addition of podcasts of Salem's network and local talk shows, blogs run by Salem talk show hosts and the ability for any user to set up a blog on the Townhall.com network.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The website provides an extensive selection of opinion columns and news items presented from a conservative viewpoint.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2008, Townhall.com launched <i>Townhall Magazine</i>, a monthly conservative news magazine. In addition to exclusive content for the magazine, <i>Townhall Magazine</i> carries contributions from Townhall.com readers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2011, Townhall.com re-launched <i>TownhallFinance.com</i>, a daily financial and investment site dedicated to conservative financial commentary, under the editorship of John Ransom. In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Bowyer" title="Jerry Bowyer">Jerry Bowyer</a> became editor of the site. It carries commentary from Ransom and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Business_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Business Network">Fox Business Network</a> analyst <a href="/wiki/Charles_Payne_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Payne (journalist)">Charles Payne</a>, and carried <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Larry_Kudlow" title="Larry Kudlow">Larry Kudlow</a> before Kudlow went on leave to become head of the former President's <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisors" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Economic Advisors">Council of Economic Advisors</a> and then went on to host his own show on <a href="/wiki/Fox_Business_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Business Network">Fox Business Network</a> in February 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Columnists">Columnists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Townhall&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Columnists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Townhall.com features commentary by various conservative columnists and guest commentary by politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guest contributors have included <a href="/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric Trump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Trump Jr</a>., and <a href="/wiki/Lara_Trump" title="Lara Trump">Lara Trump</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Townhall&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2021, a study by the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Countering_Digital_Hate" title="Center for Countering Digital Hate">Center for Countering Digital Hate</a> described Townhall as being among "ten fringe publishers" that together were responsible for nearly 70 percent of Facebook user interactions with content that <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">denied climate change</a>. Facebook disputed the study's methodology.<sup id="cite_ref-Porterfield_11/2/2021_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porterfield_11/2/2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Toxic_Ten_11/2/2021_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toxic_Ten_11/2/2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Townhall&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whois.domaintools.com/townhall.com">"TownHall.com WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info - DomainTools"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WHOIS" title="WHOIS">WHOIS</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WHOIS&rft.atitle=TownHall.com+WHOIS%2C+DNS%2C+%26+Domain+Info+-+DomainTools&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhois.domaintools.com%2Ftownhall.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATownhall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://townhall.com/news/">"Breaking News – Latest World, US, Science, Entertainment, Election, Technology News and Current Events"</a>. <i>Townhall</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Townhall&rft.atitle=Breaking+News+%E2%80%93+Latest+World%2C+US%2C+Science%2C+Entertainment%2C+Election%2C+Technology+News+and+Current+Events&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftownhall.com%2Fnews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATownhall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html">"Salem Communications to Acquire Townhall.com; Salem Expands News Talk Radio Platform into New Media with Addition of Leading Conservative Opinion Website."</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The Free Library">The Free Library</a></i>, 2014. Retrieved on March 4, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Romano, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/right-next-big-thing-112635">"The Right: The Next Big Thing?"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>, July 2, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Koff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleveland.com/open/index.ssf/2015/06/republican_presidential_candid.html">"Republican presidential candidates talk to these conservative media outlets. Here's why."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plain_Dealer" title="The Plain Dealer">The Plain Dealer</a></i>, June 1, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Townhall Magazine</i>, "premier issue", January 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://townhall.com/columnists/">"Conservative Columnists with Political News Commentary, Analysis"</a>. <i>Townhall</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Townhall&rft.atitle=Conservative+Columnists+with+Political+News+Commentary%2C+Analysis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftownhall.com%2Fcolumnists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATownhall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porterfield_11/2/2021-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Porterfield_11/2/2021_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorterfield2021" class="citation web cs1">Porterfield, Carlie (November 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2021/11/02/breitbart-leads-climate-change-misinformation-on-facebook-study-says/">"Breitbart Leads Climate Change Misinformation On Facebook, Study Says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Breitbart+Leads+Climate+Change+Misinformation+On+Facebook%2C+Study+Says&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft.aulast=Porterfield&rft.aufirst=Carlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fcarlieporterfield%2F2021%2F11%2F02%2Fbreitbart-leads-climate-change-misinformation-on-facebook-study-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATownhall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toxic_Ten_11/2/2021-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Toxic_Ten_11/2/2021_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.counterhate.com/toxicten">"The Toxic Ten: How ten fringe publishers fuel 69% of digital climate change denial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Countering_Digital_Hate" title="Center for Countering Digital Hate">Center for Countering Digital Hate</a>. November 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Toxic+Ten%3A+How+ten+fringe+publishers+fuel+69%25+of+digital+climate+change+denial&rft.pub=Center+for+Countering+Digital+Hate&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterhate.com%2Ftoxicten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATownhall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Townhall&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.townhall.com">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM radio</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBJD" title="KBJD">KBJD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCBQ" title="KCBQ">KCBQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDIA" title="KDIA">KDIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDIZ_(AM)" title="KDIZ (AM)">KDIZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDOW" title="KDOW">KDOW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDYA" title="KDYA">KDYA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDZR" title="KDZR">KDZR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFAX" title="KFAX">KFAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFIA_(AM)" title="KFIA (AM)">KFIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGNW" title="KGNW">KGNW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGU_(AM)" title="KGU (AM)">KGU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHCM_(AM)" title="KHCM (AM)">KHCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHNR" title="KHNR">KHNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKOL_(AM)" title="KKOL (AM)">KKOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKMS_(AM)" title="KKMS (AM)">KKMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKNT" title="KKNT">KKNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLUP" title="KLUP">KLUP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNTH" title="KNTH">KNTH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNUS" title="KNUS">KNUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPAM" title="KPAM">KPAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPDQ_(AM)" title="KPDQ (AM)">KPDQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPRZ" title="KPRZ">KPRZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPXQ" title="KPXQ">KPXQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRKS_(AM)" title="KRKS (AM)">KRKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRLA" title="KRLA">KRLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSKY" title="KSKY">KSKY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSLR" title="KSLR">KSLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTIE" title="KTIE">KTIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTKZ" title="KTKZ">KTKZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTNO_(AM)" title="KTNO (AM)">KTNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTRB" title="KTRB">KTRB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXXT" title="KXXT">KXXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYCR_(AM)" title="KYCR (AM)">KYCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KZNT" title="KZNT">KZNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAVA_(AM)" title="WAVA (AM)">WAVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDTK" title="WDTK">WDTK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDWD" title="WDWD">WDWD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEZE" title="WEZE">WEZE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFIL" title="WFIL">WFIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGKA" title="WGKA">WGKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHK_(AM)" title="WHK (AM)">WHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHKW" title="WHKW">WHKW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIND_(AM)" title="WIND (AM)">WIND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLCC" title="WLCC">WLCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLQV" title="WLQV">WLQV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLSS" title="WLSS">WLSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTA" title="WLTA">WLTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMCA_(AM)" title="WMCA (AM)">WMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMYM" title="WMYM">WMYM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNIV" title="WNIV">WNIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNTP" title="WNTP">WNTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYM" title="WNYM">WNYM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WORL_(AM)" title="WORL (AM)">WORL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPGP" title="WPGP">WPGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPIT" title="WPIT">WPIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRCW" title="WRCW">WRCW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRFD" title="WRFD">WRFD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRHC_(AM)" title="WRHC (AM)">WRHC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WROL" title="WROL">WROL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTBN" title="WTBN">WTBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTLN_(AM)" title="WTLN (AM)">WTLN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTBN" title="WTBN">WTWD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWFE" title="WWFE">WWFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWRC" title="WWRC">WWRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWTC" title="WWTC">WWTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYLL" title="WYLL">WYLL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM radio</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KAIM-FM" title="KAIM-FM">KAIM-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBIQ" title="KBIQ">KBIQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDAR" title="KDAR">KDAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDIS-FM" title="KDIS-FM">KDIS-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDXE_(FM)" title="KDXE (FM)">KDXE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFIS" title="KFIS">KFIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFSH-FM" title="KFSH-FM">KFSH-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGFT" title="KGFT">KGFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGU-FM" title="KGU-FM">KGU-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHCM-FM" title="KHCM-FM">KHCM-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKHT-FM" title="KKHT-FM">KKHT-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKFS" title="KKFS">KKFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKLA-FM" title="KKLA-FM">KKLA-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKOL-FM" title="KKOL-FM">KKOL-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKSP" title="KKSP">KKSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLTY" title="KLTY">KLTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPDQ-FM" title="KPDQ-FM">KPDQ-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRKS-FM" title="KRKS-FM">KRKS-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRYP" title="KRYP">KRYP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWRD-FM" title="KWRD-FM">KWRD-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAVA-FM" title="WAVA-FM">WAVA-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFHM-FM" title="WFHM-FM">WFHM-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFSH-FM" title="WFSH-FM">WFSH-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WORD-FM" title="WORD-FM">WORD-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTOH" title="WTOH">WTOH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite radio stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FamilyTalk" class="mw-redirect" title="FamilyTalk">FamilyTalk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salem_Radio_Network" title="Salem Radio Network">Salem Radio Network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singing_News_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Singing News Radio">Singing News Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Word_In_Praise" title="The Word In Praise">The Word In Praise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salem Publishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Air" title="Hot Air">Hot Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJ_Media" title="PJ Media">PJ Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Townhall</a></li> 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