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Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حرية الدين في كوريا الشمالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرية الدين في كوريا الشمالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertad_de_religi%C3%B3n_en_Corea_del_Norte" title="Libertad de religión en Corea del Norte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Libertad de religión en Corea del Norte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया में धर्म की स्वतंत्रता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया में धर्म की स्वतंत्रता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ ਵਿਚ ਧਰਮ ਦੀ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ ਵਿਚ ਧਰਮ ਦੀ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberdade_religiosa_na_Coreia_do_Norte" title="Liberdade religiosa na Coreia do Norte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liberdade religiosa na Coreia do Norte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#dc241f;padding-bottom:0;font-size:150%;font-weight:normal;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea" title="Human rights in North Korea"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Human rights in North Korea</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/110px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/165px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/220px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0;background:#dc241f;color:white;;color: var(--color-base)">Human rights abuses</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea" title="Human rights in North Korea">Human rights in North Korea</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_North_Korea" title="Censorship in North Korea">Censorship</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of North Korea">Media</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_North_Korea" title="Corruption in North Korea">Corruption</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_North_Korea" title="Disability in North Korea">Disability</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_North_Korea" title="Prisons in North Korea">Prisons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kwalliso" title="Kwalliso">Kwanliso (concentration camps)</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_North_Korea" title="Prostitution in North Korea">Prostitution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kippumjo" title="Kippumjo">Kippumjo (Pleasure Squad)</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songbun" title="Songbun"> Songbun (ascribed social status)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Korea" title="Slavery in Korea">Slavery</a> (<a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_North_Korea" title="Human trafficking in North Korea">Human trafficking</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_North_Korea" title="Capital punishment in North Korea">Executions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_North_Korea" title="Racism in North Korea">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_experimentation_in_North_Korea" title="Human experimentation in North Korea">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_North_Korea" title="Persecution of Christians in North Korea">Persecution of Christians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0;background:#dc241f;color:white;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kwalliso" title="Kwalliso"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Political prisons (Kwanliso)</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaechon_internment_camp" title="Kaechon internment camp">Kaechon (No. 14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yodok_concentration_camp" title="Yodok concentration camp">Yodok (No. 15 - closed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwasong_concentration_camp" title="Hwasong concentration camp">Hwasong (No. 16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukchang_concentration_camp" title="Pukchang concentration camp">Pukchang (No. 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoeryong_concentration_camp" title="Hoeryong concentration camp">Hoeryong (No. 22 - closed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongjin_concentration_camp" title="Chongjin concentration camp">Chongjin (No. 25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunghori_concentration_camp" title="Sunghori concentration camp">Sunghori (No. 26 - closed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsong_concentration_camp" title="Onsong concentration camp">Onsong (No. 12 - closed)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0;background:#dc241f;color:white;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_North_Korea" title="Prisons in North Korea"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Re-education camps (Kyohwaso)</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaechon_concentration_camp" title="Kaechon concentration camp">Kaechon (No. 1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongrim_concentration_camp" title="Tongrim concentration camp">Tongrim (No. 2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinuiju_concentration_camp" title="Sinuiju concentration camp">Sinuiju (No. 3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangdong_concentration_camp" title="Kangdong concentration camp">Kangdong (No. 4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariwon_concentration_camp" title="Sariwon concentration camp">Sariwon (No. 6)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanggye_concentration_camp" title="Kanggye concentration camp">Kanggye (No. 7)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryongdam_concentration_camp" title="Ryongdam concentration camp">Ryongdam (No. 8)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamhung_concentration_camp" title="Hamhung concentration camp">Hamhung (No. 9)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chungsan_concentration_camp" title="Chungsan concentration camp">Chungsan (No. 11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongori_concentration_camp" title="Chongori concentration camp">Chongori (No. 12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oro_concentration_camp" title="Oro concentration camp">Oro (No. 22 - closed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchon_concentration_camp" title="Tanchon concentration camp">Tanchon (No. 77 - closed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonsan_concentration_camp" title="Wonsan concentration camp">Wonsan (No. 88)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoeryong_reeducation_camp" title="Hoeryong reeducation camp">Hoeryong</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0;background:#dc241f;color:white;;color: var(--color-base)">Abductions and POWs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_abductions_of_Japanese_citizens" title="North Korean abductions of Japanese citizens">Abductions of Japanese citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_abductions_of_South_Koreans" title="North Korean abductions of South Koreans">Abductions of South Korean citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War_POWs_detained_in_North_Korea" title="Korean War POWs detained in North Korea">Korean War POWs detained in North Korea</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0;background:#dc241f;color:white;;color: var(--color-base)">International reactions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_Human_Rights_Act_of_2004" title="North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004">U.S. Law of 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_Countermeasures_to_the_Abduction_Problem_and_other_Problems_of_Human_Rights_Violations_by_the_North_Korean_Authorities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on Countermeasures to the Abduction Problem and other Problems of Human Rights Violations by the North Korean Authorities (page does not exist)">Japanese Law of 2006</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%87%B4%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E4%BB%96%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%80%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%A8%A9%E4%BE%B5%E5%AE%B3%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E5%AF%BE%E5%87%A6%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:拉致問題その他北朝鮮当局による人権侵害問題への対処に関する法律">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_Human_Rights_Act_of_2016" title="North Korean Human Rights Act of 2016">South Korea Law of 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_62/167" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 62/167">UNGA Resolution 62/167</a> <a href="/wiki/Report_of_the_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_Human_Rights_in_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" title="Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea">United Nations COI Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_propaganda_campaigns_in_Korea" title="Balloon propaganda campaigns in Korea">Balloon propaganda campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fact-finding_reports_on_human_rights_in_North_Korea" title="List of fact-finding reports on human rights in North Korea">List of human rights reports</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:160%;font-weight:normal; display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_censorship" title="Religious censorship">Religious censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious liberty">Religious liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Religious pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_prayer" title="School prayer">School prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_priests_in_public_office" title="Catholic priests in public office">Catholic priests in public office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_state" title="Confessional state">Confessional state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">Atheist state</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_by_country" title="Freedom of religion by country">Status by country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Africa_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Africa by country">Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Algeria" title="Freedom of religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Angola" title="Freedom of religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Benin" title="Freedom of religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Botswana" title="Freedom of religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Freedom of religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Burundi" title="Freedom of religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cameroon" title="Freedom of religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Freedom of religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Freedom of religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Chad" title="Freedom of religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Freedom of religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mauritania" title="Freedom of religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Morocco" title="Freedom of religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Africa" title="Freedom of religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sudan" title="Freedom of religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Tanzania" title="Freedom of religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_America_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in North America by country">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_America_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in South America by country">South America</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of religion in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Canada" title="Freedom of religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Colombia" title="Freedom of religion in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Ecuador" title="Freedom of religion in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Guyana" title="Freedom of religion in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Panama" title="Freedom of religion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Paraguay" title="Freedom of religion in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of religion in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Asia by country">Asia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Freedom of religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bhutan" title="Freedom of religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brunei" title="Freedom of religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cambodia" title="Freedom of religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_India" title="Freedom of religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Indonesia" title="Freedom of religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan" title="Freedom of religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Laos" title="Freedom of religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Malaysia" title="Freedom of religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mongolia" title="Freedom of religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Myanmar" title="Freedom of religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Nepal" title="Freedom of religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan" title="Freedom of religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Freedom of religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia" title="Freedom of religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Singapore" title="Freedom of religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Freedom of religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Taiwan" title="Freedom of religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Freedom of religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Thailand" title="Freedom of religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey" title="Freedom of religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Vietnam" title="Freedom of religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Europe_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Europe by country">Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Albania" title="Freedom of religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Andorra" title="Freedom of religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Austria" title="Freedom of religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Belarus" title="Freedom of religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Belgium" title="Freedom of religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Freedom of religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Croatia" title="Freedom of religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_France" title="Freedom of religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Germany" title="Freedom of religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Hungary" title="Freedom of religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Italy" title="Freedom of religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Montenegro" title="Freedom of religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Freedom of religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Norway" title="Freedom of religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Romania" title="Freedom of religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia" title="Freedom of religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Serbia" title="Freedom of religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Slovakia" title="Freedom of religion in Slovakia">Slovakia </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Slovenia" title="Freedom of religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey" title="Freedom of religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Ukraine" title="Freedom of religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Freedom of religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East#Freedom_of_religion" title="Human rights in the Middle East">Middle East</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iran" title="Freedom of religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq" title="Freedom of religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Jordan" title="Freedom of religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kuwait" title="Freedom of religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Lebanon" title="Freedom of religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Oman" title="Freedom of religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Freedom of religion in the State of Palestine">Palestinian territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Qatar" title="Freedom of religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Syria" title="Freedom of religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates">UAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Yemen" title="Freedom of religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Oceania_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Oceania by country">Oceania</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Australia" title="Freedom of religion in Australia">Australia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> Topical</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country" title="Apostasy in Islam by country">Apostasy in Islam by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_law" title="Blasphemy law">Blasphemy laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation_laws_by_country" title="Female genital mutilation laws by country">Female genital mutilation laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_ritual_slaughter" title="Legal aspects of ritual slaughter">Legal aspects of ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_male_circumcision" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious male circumcision">Religious male circumcision</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_traditional_African_religions" title="Persecution of traditional African religions">Traditional African religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christophobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Hinduism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_persecution_of_Alevis" title="Ottoman persecution of Alevis">Alevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cult_movement" title="Anti-cult movement">New religious movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_countercult_movement" title="Christian countercult movement">Christian countercult movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_Neopagans" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious discrimination against Neopagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_freedom" title="Template:Religious freedom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religious_freedom" title="Template talk:Religious freedom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religious_freedom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religious freedom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Freedom of religion in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea (DPRK)</a></b> is officially a right in North Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-NK_Constitution_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NK_Constitution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-US2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, the UN secretary-general reported that the country's "right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion ... continues to be denied ..." ;<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NGOs and North Korean defectors reported that any religious activities unauthorized by the state (e.g., praying, reading the Bible and any contact with a missionary) could lead to punishment, including detention in a prison camp. </p><p>Due to the country's inaccessibility and the inability to gain timely information, this activity remains difficult to verify.<sup id="cite_ref-USGov_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion_in_North_Korea">Religion in North Korea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Religion in North Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">Religion in North Korea</a></div> <p>Traditionally, religion in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> primarily consisted of <a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_Confucianism" title="Korean Confucianism">Confucianism</a> and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Shamanism</a>. Since the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europeans</a> in the 18th century, there is also a <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> minority. <a href="/wiki/Syncretic" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncretic">Syncretic</a> <a href="/wiki/Chondogyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chondogyo">Chondogyo</a> emerged more recently.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_of_religious_freedom">Status of religious freedom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Status of religious freedom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A report released in 2018 confirmed the existence of several state-sanctioned religious groups, including the KCF, Korea Buddhist Union, Korean Catholic Council, Korea Cheondoist Church Central Committee, Korea Orthodox Church Committee, and Korean Council of Religionists.<sup id="cite_ref-NK_Constitution_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NK_Constitution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unauthorised religion is illegal and is often practiced in secret.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, North Korea was ranked as the worst country in the world in terms of Christian persecution by international Catholic aid organization <a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the country was ranked as the worst place in the world to be a Christian by <a href="/wiki/Open_Doors" title="Open Doors">Open Doors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the country was scored zero out of 4 for religious freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-freedomhouse.org_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freedomhouse.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, an estimated 150,000 to 200,000 people were believed to be held in political prison camps (<a href="/wiki/Kwalliso" title="Kwalliso">Kwalliso</a>) which are located in remote areas of North Korea,<sup id="cite_ref-Gulag_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gulag-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many for religious and political reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of Christians in prison camps in 2022 is estimated to be 200,000.<sup id="cite_ref-freedomhouse.org_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freedomhouse.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Family members of believers are considered guilty by association and sent to labor camps or prisons.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2006, the Government reportedly sentenced <a href="/wiki/Son_Jong-nam" title="Son Jong-nam">Son Jong-nam</a> to death for espionage. However, some NGOs claimed that the sentence against Son was based on his contacts with Christian groups in China, his proselytizing activities, and his alleged sharing of information with his brother in South Korea. Son's brother reported that information indicated that Son was alive as of spring 2007. Because the country effectively bars outside observers from investigating such reports, it was not possible to verify the Government's claims about Son Jong-nam's activities or determine whether he had been executed.<sup id="cite_ref-USGov_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fellow inmate of the Pyongyang prison where Son was held states that he died there in December 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-Death_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Death-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the South Korean newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/JoongAng_Ilbo" title="JoongAng Ilbo">JoongAng Ilbo</a></i> reported that North Koreans in <a href="/wiki/Wonsan" title="Wonsan">Wonsan</a> discovered in possession of a Bible were among a group of 80 North Koreans killed in a wave of mass executions in the country. Others in the group were executed for other "relatively light transgressions such as watching South Korean movies or distributing <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, others have testified in interviews that North Korean citizens have full rights to own and use religious texts and worship at church, although there may not be many young believers.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Cao_de_Ben%C3%B3s" title="Alejandro Cao de Benós">Alejandro Cao de Benós</a>, Special Delegate of North Korea's Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, the government allows only religions that are considered "traditional" in Korea, such as Christianity, Buddhism or <a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion_in_politics">Religion in politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religion in politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, there have been only two openly religious parties at the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Supreme People's Assembly">Supreme People's Assembly</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Korea_Buddhist_Federation" title="Korea Buddhist Federation">Korea Buddhist Federation</a><sup id="cite_ref-104th_issue_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104th_issue-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the current <a href="/wiki/Chondoist_Chongu_Party" title="Chondoist Chongu Party">Chondoist Chongu Party</a>, which has been in the Assembly since 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-East_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-East-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are other religious organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Christian_Federation" title="Korean Christian Federation">Korean Christian Federation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Tan2015_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tan2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> founded by Christians that joined the communist administration during the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">division of Korea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nahm1996_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nahm1996-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Belke1999_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belke1999-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the North Korean Council of Religionists.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rfpasia_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfpasia-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Korea" title="Portal:North Korea">North Korea portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">Religion in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea" title="Human rights in North Korea">Human rights in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaegaseung" title="Jaegaseung">Jaegaseung</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NK_Constitution-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NK_Constitution_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NK_Constitution_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(1972, rev. 1998) "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea_(1972,_rev._1998)#CHAPTER_V._FUNDAMENTAL_RIGHTS_AND_DUTIES_OF_CITIZENS" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Constitution of North Korea (1972, rev. 1998)">Constitution of North Korea</a> (1972, rev. 1998)"], <i>Wikisource</i>, 6/28/2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-US2022_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US2022_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US2022_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US2022_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/north-korea/">US State Dept 2022 report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGov-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGov_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGov_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90140.htm">North Korea: International Religious Freedom Report 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-cheondoism-chondoism.html">"Cheondoism (Chondoism): Beliefs and Origins"</a>. <i>WorldAtlas</i>. 2019-06-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=AP+Exclusive%3A+NKorean+killed+for+spreading+Gospel&rft.date=2010-07-05&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hyung-jin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fap%2Farticle%2FALeqM5gdZrqqz2CUFMIoE9WoGEBDkKU6QAD9GOARA00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2980240">Public executions seen in 7 North Korea cities: Source tells JoongAng Ilbo 80 people killed for minor offenses</a>, <i>JoongAng Ilbo</i> (November 11, 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">unidentified official of Catholic Church in North Korea (August 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtaIZHFDSTk"><i>Interview of an Official Of The Catholic Church In Pyongyang North Korea (english sub)</i></a>. Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea: Eric Lafforgue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/YtaIZHFDSTk">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+of+an+Official+Of+The+Catholic+Church+In+Pyongyang+North+Korea+%28english+sub%29&rft.place=Pyongyang%2C+Democratic+People%27s+Republic+of+Korea&rft.pub=Eric+Lafforgue&rft.date=2017-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DYtaIZHFDSTk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://infovaticana.com/2015/03/16/entrevista-cao-de-benos/">"In North Korea there are no bishops, but there are priests whom we have trained"</a>. infovaticano. March 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+North+Korea+there+are+no+bishops%2C+but+there+are+priests+whom+we+have+trained&rft.pub=infovaticano&rft.date=2015-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finfovaticana.com%2F2015%2F03%2F16%2Fentrevista-cao-de-benos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104th_issue-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104th_issue_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161113175032/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/104th_issue/99072207.htm">"Buddhist Temples, Federation, Education in DPRK"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/104th_issue/99072207.htm">the original</a> on 13 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buddhist+Temples%2C+Federation%2C+Education+in+DPRK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.korea-np.co.jp%2Fpk%2F104th_issue%2F99072207.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNohlenGrotzHartmann2001" class="citation book cs1">Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof, eds. (2001). <i>Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook</i>. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-924959-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-924959-8"><bdi>0-19-924959-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elections+in+Asia+and+the+Pacific%3A+A+Data+Handbook&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-924959-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-East-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-East_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>North Korea Handbook</i>. Seoul: <a href="/wiki/Yonhap_News_Agency" title="Yonhap News Agency">Yonhap News Agency</a>. 2003. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0765610043" title="Special:BookSources/0765610043"><bdi>0765610043</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+Korea+Handbook&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Yonhap+News+Agency&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0765610043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tan2015-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tan2015_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTan2015" class="citation book cs1">Tan, Morse (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LFChCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA73"><i>North Korea, International Law and the Dual Crises: Narrative and Constructive Engagement</i></a>. Oxon: Routledge. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-12243-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-12243-1"><bdi>978-1-134-12243-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+Korea%2C+International+Law+and+the+Dual+Crises%3A+Narrative+and+Constructive+Engagement&rft.place=Oxon&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-134-12243-1&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Morse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLFChCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nahm1996-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nahm1996_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNahm1996" class="citation book cs1">Nahm, Andrew C. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iDQxAQAAIAAJ"><i>Korea: Tradition & Transformation : a History of the Korean People</i></a>. 한림출판사. p. 525. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56591-070-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56591-070-6"><bdi>978-1-56591-070-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korea%3A+Tradition+%26+Transformation+%3A+a+History+of+the+Korean+People&rft.pages=525&rft.pub=%ED%95%9C%EB%A6%BC%EC%B6%9C%ED%8C%90%EC%82%AC&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-56591-070-6&rft.aulast=Nahm&rft.aufirst=Andrew+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiDQxAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belke1999-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Belke1999_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelke1999" class="citation book cs1">Belke, Thomas Julian (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OxtPAQAAIAAJ"><i>Juche: A Christian Study of North Korea's State Religion</i></a>. Bartlesville: Living Sacrifice Book Company. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88264-329-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88264-329-8"><bdi>978-0-88264-329-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Juche%3A+A+Christian+Study+of+North+Korea%27s+State+Religion&rft.place=Bartlesville&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Living+Sacrifice+Book+Company&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-88264-329-8&rft.aulast=Belke&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOxtPAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2018" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Wooyoung (26 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2018/12/26/North-Korea-sends-Christmas-greeting-in-video/4071545810361/">"North Korea sends Christmas greeting in video"</a>. UPI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=North+Korea+sends+Christmas+greeting+in+video&rft.date=2018-12-26&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Wooyoung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FWorld-News%2F2018%2F12%2F26%2FNorth-Korea-sends-Christmas-greeting-in-video%2F4071545810361%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfpasia-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfpasia_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asianews.it/news-en/North-Korea-sends-Christmas-wishes-to-the-South-45826.html">"North Korea sends Christmas wishes to the South"</a>. Asia News. 27 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=North+Korea+sends+Christmas+wishes+to+the+South&rft.date=2018-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianews.it%2Fnews-en%2FNorth-Korea-sends-Christmas-wishes-to-the-South-45826.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2018/12/26/North-Korea-sends-Christmas-greeting-in-video/4071545810361/">"Korean Council of Religionists"</a>. <i>rfpasia.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rfpasia.org&rft.atitle=Korean+Council+of+Religionists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FWorld-News%2F2018%2F12%2F26%2FNorth-Korea-sends-Christmas-greeting-in-video%2F4071545810361%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreedom+of+religion+in+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.researchonreligion.org/christianity/darren-slade-on-missionizing-north-korea">Research On Religion | Darren Slade on Missionizing North Korea</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-report-on-international-religious-freedom/democratic-peoples-republic-of-korea/">2018 Report on International Religious Freedom: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea</a>, U.S. Department of State.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/north-korea/">US State Dept 2022 report</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia423" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Asia">Freedom of religion in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Freedom of religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bhutan" title="Freedom of religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brunei" title="Freedom of religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cambodia" title="Freedom of religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_India" title="Freedom of religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Indonesia" title="Freedom of religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iran" title="Freedom of religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq" title="Freedom of religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan" title="Freedom of religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Jordan" title="Freedom of religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kuwait" title="Freedom of religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Laos" title="Freedom of religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a 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