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Fairbanks Morse 38 8-1/8 diesel engine - Wikipedia

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searchaux" style="display:none">Opposed-piston engine used for backup power in marine applications</div> <p>The <b>Fairbanks-Morse 38 8-1/8</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engine</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_diesel_engine" title="Two-stroke diesel engine">two-stroke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opposed-piston_engine" title="Opposed-piston engine">opposed-piston</a> type.<sup id="cite_ref-Navy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Navy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was developed in the 1930s, and is similar in arrangement to a contemporary <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Jumo_205" title="Junkers Jumo 205">series of German Bombers aircraft diesels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The engine was used extensively in US <a href="/wiki/Diesel-electric_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel-electric submarine">diesel electric submarines</a> of the 1940s and 1950s, as backup power on most US <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_submarine" title="Nuclear submarine">nuclear submarines</a>, as well as in other marine applications, stationary power generation, and briefly, locomotives. A slightly modified version, the 38ND 8-1/8, continues in service on <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles-class_submarine" title="Los Angeles-class submarine"><i>Los Angeles</i></a>-, <a href="/wiki/Seawolf-class_submarine" title="Seawolf-class submarine"><i>Seawolf</i></a>-, and <a href="/wiki/Ohio-class_submarine" title="Ohio-class submarine"><i>Ohio</i>-class</a> nuclear submarines of the <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a>. The 38 8-1/8 has been in continuous production since its development in 1938, and is currently manufactured by a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks-Morse" title="Fairbanks-Morse">Fairbanks-Morse</a>, FMDefense, in <a href="/wiki/Beloit,_Wisconsin" title="Beloit, Wisconsin">Beloit, Wisconsin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairbanks_Morse_38_8-1/8_diesel_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairbanks_Morse_OP_Liner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fairbanks Morse cylinder liner at the California Maritime Academy Seen are the upper scavenging ports, central water jacket with openings for (L-R) start air, fuel injection, lower water inlet, and lower exhaust ports." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fairbanks_Morse_OP_Liner.jpg/120px-Fairbanks_Morse_OP_Liner.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fairbanks_Morse_OP_Liner.jpg/180px-Fairbanks_Morse_OP_Liner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fairbanks_Morse_OP_Liner.jpg/240px-Fairbanks_Morse_OP_Liner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Fairbanks Morse Opposed Piston liner and water jacket.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 38 8-1/8 engines are <a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">inline diesel engines</a>, with combustion occurring between two opposed pistons within a single cylinder liner. The engine has a bore of 8-1/8 inches (206.4&#160;mm), a stroke of 10 inches (254.0&#160;mm) for each piston, and the cylinder height is 38 inches (970&#160;mm). The engine block is of dry block construction.<sup id="cite_ref-Navy_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Navy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They have been manufactured with between four and twelve cylinders, depending on application. </p><p>Vertical force is transmitted from the opposed <a href="/wiki/Piston#Trunk_pistons" title="Piston">trunk style pistons</a> to either an upper or lower <a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">crankshaft</a>. The two crank shafts are geared together by a vertical drive shaft. Pistons are removed by either removing the top crankshaft, and removing from the top, or by removing through the lower crank case access doors.<sup id="cite_ref-Navy_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Navy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lower crankshaft is timed 12 degrees before the upper crankshaft in order to expel exhaust gasses prior to the admittance of scavenging air. Fresh air cleanses the cylinders of remaining exhaust prior to the exhaust ports being covered by the rising lower piston.<sup id="cite_ref-NAV_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAV-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As this engine is of two stroke opposed-piston design, unlike most four stroke engines it has no cylinder head nor mechanical valves. Instead, ports in the cylinder liners provide incoming air and exhaust. The two <a href="/wiki/Camshaft" title="Camshaft">camshafts</a> on the engine provide timing for two <a href="/wiki/Injection_pump" title="Injection pump">injection pumps</a> per cylinder. Porting allows exhaust gases to be expelled and scavenge air to be taken in by a positive air box pressure. Intake air is provided by an engine driven <a href="/wiki/Roots_blower" title="Roots blower">Roots blower</a> or <a href="/wiki/Turbo-supercharger" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbo-supercharger">turbo-supercharger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tug_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tug-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairbanks_Morse_38_8-1/8_diesel_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairbanks_Morse_38_8-1/8_diesel_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opposed_piston_engine_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two Fairbanks-Morse opposed piston engines on USS Pampanito." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Opposed_piston_engine_1.jpg/220px-Opposed_piston_engine_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Opposed_piston_engine_1.jpg/330px-Opposed_piston_engine_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Opposed_piston_engine_1.jpg/440px-Opposed_piston_engine_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>World War II <a href="/wiki/USS_Pampanito" title="USS Pampanito">USS&#160;<i>Pampanito</i>&#160;(SS-383)</a> 38 8-1/8 diesel engines.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairbanks_Morse_%26_Co._38_8-1-8_diesel_engine_on_the_USS_Silversides_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fairbanks_Morse_%26_Co._38_8-1-8_diesel_engine_on_the_USS_Silversides_2.jpg/220px-Fairbanks_Morse_%26_Co._38_8-1-8_diesel_engine_on_the_USS_Silversides_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fairbanks_Morse_%26_Co._38_8-1-8_diesel_engine_on_the_USS_Silversides_2.jpg/330px-Fairbanks_Morse_%26_Co._38_8-1-8_diesel_engine_on_the_USS_Silversides_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fairbanks_Morse_%26_Co._38_8-1-8_diesel_engine_on_the_USS_Silversides_2.jpg/440px-Fairbanks_Morse_%26_Co._38_8-1-8_diesel_engine_on_the_USS_Silversides_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3628" data-file-height="2424" /></a><figcaption>From the Muskegon, Michigan, Silversides Submarine Museum. USS Silversides (SS-236). Fairbanks Morse &amp; Co. 38 8-1/8 diesel engine.</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, the opposed-piston engine was used in U.S. <a href="/wiki/Diesel-electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel-electric">diesel-electric</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a> of World War II and the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinkepank(73)_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinkepank(73)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Surviving diesel-electric submarines with these engines include <a href="/wiki/USS_Pampanito" title="USS Pampanito">USS&#160;<i>Pampanito</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Blueback_(SS-581)" title="USS Blueback (SS-581)">USS&#160;<i>Blueback</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Ling" title="USS Ling">USS&#160;<i>Ling</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/USS_Torsk" title="USS Torsk">USS&#160;<i>Torsk</i></a>. This engine was also used in surface ships, notably in the diesel-electric <a href="/wiki/Wind-class_icebreaker" title="Wind-class icebreaker">Wind-class icebreakers</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Gear" title="Gear">geared</a> <a href="/wiki/Edsall-class_destroyer_escort" title="Edsall-class destroyer escort"><i>Edsall</i>-class destroyer escorts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silverstone(66)_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silverstone(66)-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jane’s(98)_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jane’s(98)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NavSource_SS-230_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NavSource_SS-230-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NavSource_DE-129_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NavSource_DE-129-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NavSource_AGB_6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NavSource_AGB_6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> When the innovative but faulty "pancake" engines of the 1950s <a href="/wiki/Tang-class_submarine" title="Tang-class submarine"><i>Tang</i> class</a> proved unworkable, they were replaced with World War II-style Fairbanks-Morse engines, and these remained standard on US diesel-powered submarines through the early 1960s. Variants of the 38 8-1/8 and other Fairbanks-Morse engines provided (and continue to provide) backup power on US <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_submarine" title="Nuclear submarine">nuclear submarines</a> commissioned through the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In addition, certain ice-breaking class vessels of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Coast_Guard" title="Canadian Coast Guard">Canadian Coast Guard</a> used Fairbanks Morse opposed piston engines in the operation of a diesel electric/gas-turbine electric operation. The former CCGS <i>Norman McLeod Rogers</i>, which ended its service under the <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chilean</a> flag as <a href="/wiki/Chilean_icebreaker_Almirante_%C3%93scar_Viel" title="Chilean icebreaker Almirante Óscar Viel"><i>Contraalmirante Oscar Viel Toro</i></a> is one such example.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Current<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2020)">when?</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> marine Opposed-Piston applications include use as main propulsion engines and service generators. The USCG <a href="/wiki/Hamilton-class_cutter" title="Hamilton-class cutter"><i>Hamilton</i>-class cutters</a> use the 38 8-1/8 engine in a <a href="/wiki/CODOG" class="mw-redirect" title="CODOG">CODOG</a> arrangement, where the diesel engine provides cruise propulsion, and a <a href="/wiki/Gas-turbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas-turbine">gas-turbine</a> provides propulsion where high speeds are required. </p><p>The Fairbanks Morse Opposed Piston engine is also used as a stationary power generator engine, both in primary and standby duties.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railroad_Service">Railroad Service</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairbanks_Morse_38_8-1/8_diesel_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Railroad Service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1940s and 1950s, Fairbanks-Morse attempted to market their opposed-piston powered line of <a href="/wiki/Diesel_locomotive#Diesel-electric" title="Diesel locomotive">diesel-electric locomotives</a>, with their entire post-war lineup using the 38 8-1/8 in some form. They had good success with their early <a href="/wiki/Switcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Switcher">switching locomotives</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Aldag1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldag1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but the 38D 8-1/8 experienced problems in mainline service that were not encountered in naval service. As originally configured for the <a href="/wiki/FM_Erie-built" title="FM Erie-built">Erie-Built locomotives</a> of 1945, the engine ran at a <a href="/wiki/Mean_effective_pressure#Types_of_mean_effective_pressures" title="Mean effective pressure">Brake Mean Effective Pressure</a> of 95.2 psi, as opposed to the 85 psi rating for Navy engines and higher than the engines in competing locomotives.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldag2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldag2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Submarines gave the engines access to cool, sea-level air, but on Western railroads like <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Pacific">Union Pacific</a>, the engines were operating under heavy loads at high altitude, high temperature, and low humidity, and often in the wake of waste heat from leading locomotives.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldag2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldag2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Locomotives had closed-loop cooling systems while submarines drew cooling water from the sea. Because the exhaust port was located near the lower pistons, the engines suffered excessive lower-piston temperatures which led to piston failure, which could then cause cylinder liner damage and a possible crankcase explosion.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldag2_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldag2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> F-M immediately attempted to address the problem but it was seven to eight years before a piston was developed that could stand up to railroad service.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldag2_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldag2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Replacement of a single <a href="/wiki/Power_assembly" title="Power assembly">power assembly</a> (cylinder liner and its two pistons) required moving the locomotive under a crane and removing (and later reinstalling) the locomotive's roof hatch, upper crankcase, upper <a href="/wiki/Main_bearing#Bearing_capsbearing" title="Main bearing">caps</a>, upper <a href="/wiki/Connecting_rod" title="Connecting rod">connecting rod</a> caps, and upper crankshaft, making the operation much more time- and resource-intensive than a power assembly change on other engine types.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldag2_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldag2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Fairbanks-Morse learned that in shops that maintained multiple locomotive types, where the foreman was under pressure to repair as many locomotives as possible, repair of OP engines that required extensive disassembly was often delayed in favor of other types of locomotives that could be turned around more quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldag2_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldag2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fairbanks-Morse exited the locomotive market in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The locomotive market share was eventually dominated by products from <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">GM's</a> <a href="/wiki/Electro-Motive_Diesel" title="Electro-Motive Diesel">Electro-Motive Division</a>, the <a href="/wiki/ALCO" class="mw-redirect" title="ALCO">American Locomotive Company</a>, and <a href="/wiki/GE_Transportation" title="GE Transportation">General Electric</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairbanks_Morse_38_8-1/8_diesel_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 38 8-1/8 was reverse-engineered in the USSR and used as a primary engine for railroad locomotives. The first Soviet mass-produced diesel locomotive, <a href="/wiki/TE3" class="mw-redirect" title="TE3">TE3</a>, was powered by a 1470&#160;kW (2000&#160;hp) <a href="/wiki/Malyshev_Factory#Engines" title="Malyshev Factory">2D100</a> engine, direct descendant of the marine 38 8-1/8 engine. The TE3 was produced in high numbers (up to 7600 units), and proved to be a reliable mainline freight locomotive. Later this engine evolved to the turbocharged 10D100, rated at 2200&#160;kW (3000&#160;hp). It was used as powerplant for later 2TE10L, 2TE10M, 2TE10U series locomotives. Unfortunately, the 10D100 engine became infamous for its high rate of failures and low operating availability. Currently, many TE10 locomotives remain in service in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, and Kazakhstan. However, they are often re-engined with more modern and fuel-efficient 4-stroke engines during rebuilding programs. </p><p>13D100 variant was used as a generating set in diesel-electric <a href="/wiki/Dobrynya_Nikitich-class_icebreaker" title="Dobrynya Nikitich-class icebreaker"><i>Dobrynya Nikitich</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreakers</a> and their derivatives. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developments">Developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairbanks_Morse_38_8-1/8_diesel_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 38 8-1/8 underwent development to provide for better <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel efficiency</a> and lessen emissions. In the 1990s, Fairbanks-Morse applied their "Enviro Design" technology to run the opposed piston engine as a dual diesel and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> engine. This system injects a small 'pilot' amount of diesel fuel to aid in the combustion of natural gas within the combustion chamber while controlled with computerized electronics.<sup id="cite_ref-enviro_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enviro-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairbanks_Morse_38_8-1/8_diesel_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fairbanks-Morse_locomotives" title="List of Fairbanks-Morse locomotives">List of Fairbanks-Morse locomotives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairbanks_Morse_38_8-1/8_diesel_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Navy-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Navy_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Navy_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Navy_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Technical Manual: 1500 KW Diesel Generator Set</i>. Department of the Navy, Naval Ship Systems Command. 1967.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Technical+Manual%3A+1500+KW+Diesel+Generator+Set&amp;rft.pub=Department+of+the+Navy%2C+Naval+Ship+Systems+Command&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman1995" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Norman (1995). <i>U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis, Maryland</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Institute" title="United States Naval Institute">United States Naval Institute</a>. p.&#160;263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-263-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-263-3"><bdi>1-55750-263-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=U.S.+Submarines+Through+1945%3A+An+Illustrated+Design+History&amp;rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&amp;rft.pages=263&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Naval+Institute&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=1-55750-263-3&amp;rft.aulast=Friedman&amp;rft.aufirst=Norman&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAV-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NAV_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Submarine Main Propulsion Diesels</i>. Department of the Navy, NAVPERS. 1946.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Submarine+Main+Propulsion+Diesels&amp;rft.pub=Department+of+the+Navy%2C+NAVPERS&amp;rft.date=1946&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tug-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tug_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130221080403/http://www.tugboatenthusiastsociety.org/pages/tugmach-diesel-modern-FM.htm">"Fairbanks-Morse Company Model 38D-8-1/8 Opposed Piston Engine"</a>. Tugboat Enthusiasts Society of the Americas. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tugboatenthusiastsociety.org/Pages/tugmach-diesel-modern-FM.htm">the original</a> on February 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fairbanks-Morse+Company+Model+38D-8-1%2F8+Opposed+Piston+Engine&amp;rft.pub=Tugboat+Enthusiasts+Society+of+the+Americas&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tugboatenthusiastsociety.org%2FPages%2Ftugmach-diesel-modern-FM.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinkepank(73)-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pinkepank(73)_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinkpank1973" class="citation book cs1">Pinkpank, Jerry A (1973). <i>The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide</i>. Kalmbach Books. p.&#160;323. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/66-22894">66-22894</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Second+Diesel+Spotter%27s+Guide&amp;rft.pages=323&amp;rft.pub=Kalmbach+Books&amp;rft.date=1973&amp;rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F66-22894&amp;rft.aulast=Pinkpank&amp;rft.aufirst=Jerry+A&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silverstone(66)-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Silverstone(66)_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverstone1966" class="citation book cs1">Silverstone, Paul H (1966). <i>U.S. Warships of World War II</i>. Doubleday and Company. pp.&#160;167–170, 176, 378.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=U.S.+Warships+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.pages=167-170%2C+176%2C+378&amp;rft.pub=Doubleday+and+Company&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft.aulast=Silverstone&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul+H&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jane’s(98)-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jane’s(98)_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00fran/page/287"><i>Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II</i></a></span>. Crescent Books (Random House). 1998. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00fran/page/287">287, 288, 290, 308</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0517-67963-9" title="Special:BookSources/0517-67963-9"><bdi>0517-67963-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Jane%27s+Fighting+Ships+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.pages=287%2C+288%2C+290%2C+308&amp;rft.pub=Crescent+Books+%28Random+House%29&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=0517-67963-9&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjanesfightingshi00fran%2Fpage%2F287&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NavSource_SS-230-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NavSource_SS-230_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navsource.org/archives/08/08230.htm">"NavSource USS <i>Finback</i> SS-230"</a>. <i>Photographic History of the U.S. Navy</i>. NavSource Naval History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Photographic+History+of+the+U.S.+Navy&amp;rft.atitle=NavSource+USS+Finback+SS-230&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navsource.org%2Farchives%2F08%2F08230.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NavSource_DE-129-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NavSource_DE-129_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navsource.org/archives/06/129.htm">"NavSource USS <i>Edsall</i> DE-129"</a>. <i>Photographic History of the U.S. Navy</i>. NavSource Naval History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Photographic+History+of+the+U.S.+Navy&amp;rft.atitle=NavSource+USS+Edsall+DE-129&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navsource.org%2Farchives%2F06%2F129.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NavSource_AGB_6-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NavSource_AGB_6_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/08/0806.htm">"NavSource USS <i>Westwind</i> AGB 6"</a>. <i>Photographic History of the U.S. Navy</i>. NavSource Naval History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Photographic+History+of+the+U.S.+Navy&amp;rft.atitle=NavSource+USS+Westwind+AGB+6&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navsource.org%2Farchives%2F09%2F08%2F0806.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner1995" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Robert (1995). <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995</i>. <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis, Maryland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Naval_Institute_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Institute Press">Naval Institute Press</a>. p.&#160;603. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-132-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-132-7"><bdi>1-55750-132-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1947-1995&amp;rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&amp;rft.pages=603&amp;rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=1-55750-132-7&amp;rft.aulast=Gardiner&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Norman McLeod Rogers". <i>Shipping World and Shipbuilder</i>. 3841. <b>163</b>. January 1970.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Shipping+World+and+Shipbuilder&amp;rft.atitle=Norman+McLeod+Rogers&amp;rft.volume=163&amp;rft.date=1970-01&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteigers2002" class="citation journal cs1">Steigers, J.A. (2002). "Demonstrating the Use of Fish Oil as Fuel in a Large Stationary Engine".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Demonstrating+the+Use+of+Fish+Oil+as+Fuel+in+a+Large+Stationary+Engine&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.aulast=Steigers&amp;rft.aufirst=J.A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aldag1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aldag1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldag_Jr.1987" class="citation magazine cs1">Aldag Jr., Robert (March 1987). "F-M Against the Odds Part 1: How Fairbanks Morse Got Into the Locomotive Business". <i>Trains</i>. Kalmbach Publishing Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Trains&amp;rft.atitle=F-M+Against+the+Odds+Part+1%3A+How+Fairbanks+Morse+Got+Into+the+Locomotive+Business&amp;rft.date=1987-03&amp;rft.aulast=Aldag+Jr.&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aldag2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aldag2_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aldag2_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aldag2_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aldag2_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aldag2_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aldag2_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldag_Jr.1987" class="citation magazine cs1">Aldag Jr., Robert (April 1987). "F-M Against the Odds Part 2: Train Master Triumph, Speed Merchant Flop, OP Paradox". <i>Trains</i>. Kalmbach Publishing Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Trains&amp;rft.atitle=F-M+Against+the+Odds+Part+2%3A+Train+Master+Triumph%2C+Speed+Merchant+Flop%2C+OP+Paradox&amp;rft.date=1987-04&amp;rft.aulast=Aldag+Jr.&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pinkepank(73) pages 323-324</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enviro-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-enviro_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fairbanksmorse.com/about/enviro-design/">"Enviro-Design | Fairbanks Morse Engine"</a>. Fairbanks Morse Engine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Enviro-Design+%7C+Fairbanks+Morse+Engine&amp;rft.pub=Fairbanks+Morse+Engine&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairbanksmorse.com%2Fabout%2Fenviro-design%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairbanks_Morse_38_8-1/8_diesel_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130122223355/http://www.fairbanksmorse.com/engines/engine_opposed_piston_model_38.php">Official Fairbanks Morse Website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psrm.org/trains/diesel/union-pacific-1367/">"Fairbanks-Morse 38D8 Diesel Locomotive"</a>. <i>PSRM Diesel Locomotives</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PSRM+Diesel+Locomotives&amp;rft.atitle=Fairbanks-Morse+38D8+Diesel+Locomotive&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psrm.org%2Ftrains%2Fdiesel%2Funion-pacific-1367%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFairbanks+Morse+38+8-1%2F8+diesel+engine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fairbanks-Morse" title="Template:Fairbanks-Morse"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fairbanks-Morse" title="Template talk:Fairbanks-Morse"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fairbanks-Morse" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fairbanks-Morse"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fairbanks-Morse" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks-Morse" title="Fairbanks-Morse">Fairbanks-Morse</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fairbanks-Morse_locomotives" title="List of Fairbanks-Morse locomotives">Locomotives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FM_Consolidated_line" class="mw-redirect" title="FM Consolidated line">FM Consolidated line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_Erie-built" title="FM Erie-built">FM Erie-built</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_H-10-44" title="FM H-10-44">FM H-10-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_H-12-44" title="FM H-12-44">FM H-12-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_H-12-44TS" title="FM H-12-44TS">FM H-12-44TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_H-12-46" title="FM H-12-46">FM H-12-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_H-15-44" title="FM H-15-44">FM H-15-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_H-16-44" title="FM H-16-44">FM H-16-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_H-16-66" title="FM H-16-66">FM H-16-66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_H-20-44" title="FM H-20-44">FM H-20-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_OP800" title="FM OP800">FM OP800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_P-12-42" title="FM P-12-42">FM P-12-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_H-24-66" title="FM H-24-66">FM H-24-66</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Ranch_Railroad_Eclipse_Windmill" title="Canon Ranch Railroad Eclipse Windmill">Canon Ranch Railroad Eclipse Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_windmill" title="Eclipse windmill">Eclipse windmill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fairbanks Morse 38 8-1/8 diesel engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriarty_Eclipse_Windmill" title="Moriarty Eclipse Windmill">Moriarty Eclipse Windmill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Fairbanks" title="Thaddeus Fairbanks">Thaddeus Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_Fairbanks" title="Erastus Fairbanks">Erastus Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Fairbanks" title="Horace Fairbanks">Horace Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Fairbanks" title="Franklin Fairbanks">Franklin Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hosmer_Morse" title="Charles Hosmer Morse">Charles Hosmer Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_Packard" title="Lambert Packard">Lambert Packard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Paddock" title="Ephraim Paddock">Ephraim Paddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_G._Parks" title="Francis G. Parks">Francis G. Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_P._Blunt" title="Asa P. Blunt">Asa P. Blunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks-Morse_Warehouse_(Saskatoon)" title="Fairbanks-Morse Warehouse (Saskatoon)">Fairbanks-Morse Warehouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colt%27s_Manufacturing_Company" title="Colt&#39;s Manufacturing Company">Colt's Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EnPro_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="EnPro Industries">EnPro Industries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garlock_Sealing_Technologies" title="Garlock Sealing Technologies">Garlock Sealing Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GGB_Bearing_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="GGB Bearing Technology">GGB Bearing Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stemco" title="Stemco">Stemco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetics_Group" title="Technetics Group">Technetics Group</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐5b84b84f5d‐9mz5s Cached time: 20241126121234 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.362 seconds Real time usage: 0.474 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1345/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 37107/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1370/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 65781/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.229/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8038587/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 418.873 1 -total 37.31% 156.273 1 Template:Reflist 22.77% 95.389 7 Template:Cite_book 19.24% 80.573 1 Template:Fairbanks-Morse 18.44% 77.232 1 Template:Navbox 15.99% 66.964 1 Template:Short_description 9.29% 38.911 2 Template:Pagetype 7.54% 31.579 1 Template:Convert 7.35% 30.778 1 Template:When 6.40% 26.788 1 Template:Fix --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:35251931:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241126121234 and revision id 1255450489. 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