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</button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_molded_pulp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thick-wall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thick-wall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Thick-wall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thick-wall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transfer_molded" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transfer_molded"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Transfer molded</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transfer_molded-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thermoformed_fiber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thermoformed_fiber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Thermoformed fiber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thermoformed_fiber-sublist" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Molded_pulp" title="Special:EditPage/Molded pulp">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Molded+pulp%22">"Molded pulp"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Molded+pulp%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Molded+pulp%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Molded+pulp%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Molded+pulp%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Molded+pulp%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Molded_pulp,_faucet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Molded_pulp%2C_faucet.jpg/300px-Molded_pulp%2C_faucet.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Molded_pulp%2C_faucet.jpg/450px-Molded_pulp%2C_faucet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Molded_pulp%2C_faucet.jpg/600px-Molded_pulp%2C_faucet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Interior packaging for a tap or faucet</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Molded pulp</b> or <b>molded fiber</b> (also spelled as <b>moulded pulp</b> or <b>moulded fibre</b>) is a packaging material, that is typically made from <a href="/wiki/Recycled_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Recycled paper">recycled</a> <a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">paperboard</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">newsprint</a>. It is used for protective packaging or for food service trays and beverage carriers. Other typical uses are <a href="/wiki/End_cap_(cushioning)" class="mw-redirect" title="End cap (cushioning)">end caps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tray" title="Tray">trays</a>, plates, bowls and <a href="/wiki/Clamshell_(container)" title="Clamshell (container)">clamshell</a> containers.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For many applications, molded pulp is less expensive than <a href="/wiki/Expanded_polystyrene" class="mw-redirect" title="Expanded polystyrene">expanded polystyrene</a> (EPS), vacuumed formed <a href="/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate" title="Polyethylene terephthalate">polyethylene terephthalate</a> (PET) and <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">polyvinyl chloride</a> (PVC), corrugation, and foams. </p><p>Molded pulp is often considered a <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">sustainable packaging</a> material,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as defined by the Sustainable Packaging Coalition, since it is produced from recycled materials, and can be recycled again after its useful life-cycle. </p><p>Molded pulp products can be made <a href="/wiki/Waterproof" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterproof">waterproof</a> with a spray or dip coating of <a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">wax</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_molded_pulp">Types of molded pulp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molded_pulp&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types of molded pulp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several types of molded pulp can be manufactured by several processes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thick-wall">Thick-wall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molded_pulp&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Thick-wall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These products usually have wall thicknesses of 1.5 to 6 mm (1/16" to 1/4") and are used primarily for support packaging applications. Thick-Wall is also commonly referred to as "Slush Molded." The surfaces are very rough on one side and moderately smooth on the opposite side. Product definition is moderate due to the use of relatively inexpensive single-pass molds and the use of mixed recovered paper and kraft paper slurries. Typical uses are for edge and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edge_protector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edge protector (page does not exist)">edge protector</a>, heavy item packaging, auto replacement parts, molded pulp <a href="/wiki/Pallet" title="Pallet">pallet</a> trays, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transfer_molded">Transfer molded</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molded_pulp&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transfer molded"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="width:200px; float:left; border:1px solid #ccc; background:#f9f9f9; font-size:88%; line-height:1.5em; margin:5px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top.jpg/100px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top.jpg/150px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top.jpg/200px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom.jpg/100px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom.jpg/150px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom.jpg/200px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top_Closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top_Closeup.jpg/200px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top_Closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top_Closeup.jpg/300px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top_Closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top_Closeup.jpg/400px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Top_Closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom_Closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom_Closeup.jpg/200px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom_Closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom_Closeup.jpg/300px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom_Closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom_Closeup.jpg/400px-McDonalds_Molded_Pulp_Drink_Tray_Bottom_Closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="200px">A <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> spray-molded vacuum-formed <a href="/wiki/Cup_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Cup carrier">cup carrier</a>. The open slits are formed during molding. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Transfer molded products are usually thin walled, 1/16" to 3/16", and are the most prevalent type in use today. The process uses vacuum forming and take-off or transfer molds, where the mold is an extremely fine wire mesh in the shape of the upper/exposed surface. The fibrous slurries are frequently made up of a high percentage or entirely of recycled newspaper, which produces a relatively smooth surface on one side and a fairly smooth surface on the opposite side with good accuracy and definition. </p><p>Prior to the molding process, the mesh is mated with a vacuum chamber that draws water through the mesh into the chamber, with the mesh mold suspended above a liquid return pool. The fibrous slurry is sprayed from below onto the mold, and the vacuum draws the slurry tightly against the mesh, filling all gaps and spaces. When airflow through the mesh has been sufficiently blocked, the excess slurry falls into the return pool for recycling, and the mold advances onward to the drying process, following by separation of the mesh mold from the dried fiber plating. </p><p>Typical uses of transfer molded products are for packaging electronic equipment, cellular phones and other household and hardware items. Very high-capacity, high-speed transfer molding equipment is used to produce drink trays, <a href="/wiki/Cup_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Cup carrier">cup carriers</a>, wine shippers, <a href="/wiki/Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">egg cartons</a>, egg trays, pulp <a href="/wiki/Bedpan" title="Bedpan">bedpan</a> liners, pulp <a href="/wiki/Urinal_(restroom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinal (restroom)">urinals</a>, fruit trays, slipper pans, commode pans, end caps, etc. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thermoformed_fiber">Thermoformed fiber</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molded_pulp&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Thermoformed fiber"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This newest form of molded pulp is the highest quality of thin-walled products available today. The process uses "cure-in-the-mold" technology which produces well defined, smooth-surfaced molded pulp products. After being formed, the product is captured in heated forming molds that presses and densifies the molded products. They are accurately formed and have the appearance of plastic material. The products are ejected from the heated molds in their finished state as opposed to being dried in a heated oven. Typical uses for this type are for point-of-purchase packaging and those applications where high definition and appearance are of prime importance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Processed">Processed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molded_pulp&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Processed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This type of molded pulp product is that which has undergone some kind of secondary processing which is generally different from or in addition to, the basic production procedure. This could apply to any of the first three types. Secondary processing could be coating, printing, hot-pressing, die-cutting, trimming or manufactured using colors or special slurry additives. Uses are for many kinds of custom applications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molded_pulp&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Packaging" title="Packaging">Packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushioning">Cushioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molded_pulp&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWeaverTwede2007" class="citation cs2">Weaver, R; Twede, D (2007), <i>The History of Molded Fiber Packaging; a 20th Century Pulp Story</i>, Proceedings of the 23rd IAPRI Conference, International Association of Packaging Research Institutes., <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.466.6651">10.1.1.466.6651</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Molded+Fiber+Packaging%3B+a+20th+Century+Pulp+Story&rft.series=Proceedings+of+the+23rd+IAPRI+Conference&rft.pub=International+Association+of+Packaging+Research+Institutes.&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.466.6651%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Twede%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMolded+pulp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sustainablepackaging.org/pdf/Definition%20of%20Sustainable%20Packaging%2010-15-05%20final.pdf">Definition of Sustainable Packaging</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090306161608/http://www.sustainablepackaging.org/pdf/Definition%20of%20Sustainable%20Packaging%2010-15-05%20final.pdf">Archived</a> 2009-03-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrygny2004" class="citation cs2">Grygny, J (2004), <i>Update on Molded Fiber (Pulp) Packaging</i> (IoPP Technical Journal ed.), Institute of Packaging Professionals</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Update+on+Molded+Fiber+%28Pulp%29+Packaging&rft.edition=IoPP+Technical+Journal&rft.pub=Institute+of+Packaging+Professionals&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Grygny&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMolded+pulp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavazzo2005" class="citation journal cs1">Gavazzo (February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47921612/Production_of_molded_pulp-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1648842562&Signature=gzeI74OhJBz8V1te4AuWkCMOADYkkofiDyrLtoBzziqABhO~DBaRMcJ63XqDcw5mTrFZlwIUT10Q0ZVu5Zp9Oy6SikLQC7Ob~AIYfTXLDsJYQGisJ8Woc-OPfHkg3g8aC~r3ozJmpiMM-PGFOdkG67Q7dTnFAB7nd9oeEgDJ0AUpKpa7kuPvXr9quaMZHocVDmnb9zdGeIszUGRPEZQP2P~xJadFGaQlV4raoZ-ENCJWMJuw-X7FO2jIti3mX5W12SLGvTAvYd1ilhzU7c8qe2tujySjSoNo0raG5ePrA8c3O~Su9PzYUQsbzXrz-pz8-A0fur9FvAusn-hXQeCQRQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA">"Production of molded pulp"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Progress in Paper Recycling</i>. <b>14</b>: 20–25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Paper+Recycling&rft.atitle=Production+of+molded+pulp&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=20-25&rft.date=2005-02&rft.au=Gavazzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net%2F47921612%2FProduction_of_molded_pulp-with-cover-page-v2.pdf%3FExpires%3D1648842562%26Signature%3DgzeI74OhJBz8V1te4AuWkCMOADYkkofiDyrLtoBzziqABhO~DBaRMcJ63XqDcw5mTrFZlwIUT10Q0ZVu5Zp9Oy6SikLQC7Ob~AIYfTXLDsJYQGisJ8Woc-OPfHkg3g8aC~r3ozJmpiMM-PGFOdkG67Q7dTnFAB7nd9oeEgDJ0AUpKpa7kuPvXr9quaMZHocVDmnb9zdGeIszUGRPEZQP2P~xJadFGaQlV4raoZ-ENCJWMJuw-X7FO2jIti3mX5W12SLGvTAvYd1ilhzU7c8qe2tujySjSoNo0raG5ePrA8c3O~Su9PzYUQsbzXrz-pz8-A0fur9FvAusn-hXQeCQRQ__%26Key-Pair-Id%3DAPKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMolded+pulp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molded_pulp&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-08704-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-08704-6">978-0-470-08704-6</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Packaging" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Packaging" title="Template:Packaging"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Packaging" title="Template talk:Packaging"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Packaging" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Packaging"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Packaging" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Packaging" title="Packaging">Packaging</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_packaging" title="Active packaging">Active packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child-resistant_packaging" title="Child-resistant packaging">Child-resistant packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_packager" title="Contract packager">Contract packager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edible_packaging" title="Edible packaging">Edible packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere/modified_humidity_packaging" title="Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging">Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpackaging" title="Overpackaging">Overpackaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_delivery" title="Package delivery">Package delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_pilferage" title="Package pilferage">Package pilferage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_testing" title="Package testing">Package testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_theft" title="Package theft">Package theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_engineering" title="Packaging engineering">Packaging engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resealable_packaging" title="Resealable packaging">Resealable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">Shelf life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf-ready_packaging" title="Shelf-ready packaging">Shelf-ready packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf-stable_food" title="Shelf-stable food">Shelf-stable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_technology" title="Tamper-evident technology">Tamper-evident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamper resistance">Tamper resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_rage" title="Wrap rage">Wrap rage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Product<br />packages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_box" title="Ammunition box">Ammunition box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_box" title="Banana box">Banana box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bottle" title="Beer bottle">Beer bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_bag" title="Coffee bag">Coffee bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetic_packaging" title="Cosmetic packaging">Cosmetic packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_packaging" title="Currency packaging">Currency packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_food_packaging" title="Disposable food packaging">Disposable food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink_can" title="Drink can">Drink can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">Egg carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_packaging" title="Evidence packaging">Evidence packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_ration" title="Field ration">Field ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_sack" title="Flour sack">Flour sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">Foam food container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_container" title="Fuel container">Fuel container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">Gas cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_milk_bottle" title="Glass milk bottle">Glass milk bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growler_(jug)" title="Growler (jug)">Growler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juicebox_(container)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juicebox (container)">Juicebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_plastic_water_bottle" title="Low plastic water bottle">Low plastic water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_packaging" title="Luxury packaging">Luxury packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_bag" title="Milk bag">Milk bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_packaging" title="Optical disc packaging">Optical disc packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_pail" title="Oyster pail">Oyster pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave_popcorn" title="Microwave popcorn">Popcorn bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_packaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical packaging">Pharmaceutical packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_milk_container" title="Plastic milk container">Plastic milk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_Improved_Crop_Storage_bags" title="Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags">Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand bag">Sand bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_packaging" title="Seasonal packaging">Seasonal packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-heating_food_packaging" title="Self-heating food packaging">Self-heating food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-serve_coffee_container" title="Single-serve coffee container">Single-serve coffee container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_paint" title="Spray paint">Spray paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothpaste_pump_dispenser" title="Toothpaste pump dispenser">Toothpaste pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosage_form" title="Dosage form">Unit dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_bottle" title="Water bottle">Water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Container" title="Container">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol_spray_dispenser" title="Aerosol spray dispenser">Aerosol spray dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_bottle" title="Aluminium bottle">Aluminium bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminum_can" title="Aluminum can">Aluminum can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampoule" title="Ampoule">Ampoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antistatic_bag" title="Antistatic bag">Antistatic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag-in-box" title="Bag-in-box">Bag-in-box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag" title="Bag">Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel" title="Barrel">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_bag" title="Biodegradable bag">Biodegradable bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">Blister pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boil-in-bag" title="Boil-in-bag">Boil-in-bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle" title="Bottle">Bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box" title="Box">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_box" title="Bulk box">Bulk box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage" title="Cage">Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_(goods)" title="Case (goods)">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboy" title="Carboy">Carboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carton" title="Carton">Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chub_(container)" title="Chub (container)">Chub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_(container)" title="Clamshell (container)">Clamshell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crate" title="Crate">Crate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_cup" title="Disposable cup">Disposable cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_(container)" title="Drum (container)">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endcap" title="Endcap">Endcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelope" title="Envelope">Envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_container" title="Euro container">Euro container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_intermediate_bulk_container" title="Flexible intermediate bulk container">Flexible intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_tank" title="Flexible tank">Flexible tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_carton" title="Folding carton">Folding carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_bottle" title="Glass bottle">Glass bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunny_sack" title="Gunny sack">Gunny sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhaler" title="Inhaler">Inhaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulated_shipping_container" title="Insulated shipping container">Insulated shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_bulk_container" title="Intermediate bulk container">Intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar" title="Jar">Jar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan">Jerrycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug" title="Jug">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keg" title="Keg">Keg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesh_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesh bag">Mesh bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilayered_packaging" title="Multilayered packaging">Multilayered packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pack" title="Multi-pack">Multi-pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_(container)" title="Packet (container)">Packet (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padded_envelope" title="Padded envelope">Padded envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pail_(container)" title="Pail (container)">Pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_bag" title="Paper bag">Paper bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper sack">Paper sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">Plastic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">Plastic bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retort_pouch" title="Retort pouch">Retort pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_drum" title="Salvage drum">Salvage drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachet" title="Sachet">Sachet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_sachet" title="Water sachet">Water sachet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_bag" title="Security bag">Security bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">Shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_tube" title="Shipping tube">Shipping tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_pack" title="Skin pack">Skin pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_bottle" title="Spray bottle">Spray bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squround" title="Squround">Squround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_pouch" title="Stand-up pouch">Stand-up pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_and_tin_cans" title="Steel and tin cans">Steel and tin cans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetra_Brik" title="Tetra Brik">Tetra Brik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_bag" title="Thermal bag">Thermal bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tub_(container)" title="Tub (container)">Tub (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_(container)" title="Tube (container)">Tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_load" title="Unit load">Unit load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vial" title="Vial">Vial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_box" title="Wooden box">Wooden box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials<br />and<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_foil" title="Aluminium foil">Aluminium foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bail_handle" title="Bail handle">Bail handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioplastic" title="Bioplastic">Bioplastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_plastic" title="Biodegradable plastic">Biodegradable plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoPET" title="BoPET">BoPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_wrap" title="Bubble wrap">Bubble wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bung" class="mw-redirect" title="Bung">Bung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellophane" title="Cellophane">Cellophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closure_(container)" title="Closure (container)">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coextrusion#Coextrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coextrusion">Coextrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_glass" title="Container glass">Container glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">Corrugated plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushioning">Cushioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiccant" title="Desiccant">Desiccant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_seam" title="Double seam">Double seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-top" title="Flip-top">Flip-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_peanut" title="Foam peanut">Foam peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gel_pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Gel pack">Gel pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">Hot-melt adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidity_indicator_card" title="Humidity indicator card">Humidity indicator card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label" title="Label">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lid" title="Lid">Lid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_low-density_polyethylene" title="Linear low-density polyethylene">Linear low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_packaging_board" title="Liquid packaging board">Liquid packaging board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_hinge" title="Living hinge">Living hinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-density_polyethylene" title="Low-density polyethylene">Low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_absorbent_pad" title="Meat absorbent pad">Meat absorbent pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallised_film" title="Metallised film">Metallised film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere" title="Modified atmosphere">Modified atmosphere</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Molded pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric" title="Nonwoven fabric">Nonwoven fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwrap" title="Overwrap">Overwrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_scavenger" title="Oxygen scavenger">Oxygen scavenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_handle" title="Package handle">Package handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_gas" title="Packaging gas">Packaging gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet" title="Pallet">Pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_pallet" title="Paper pallet">Paper pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">Plastic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pallet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic pallet">Plastic pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_wrap" title="Plastic wrap">Plastic wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">Polypropylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-sensitive_tape" title="Pressure-sensitive tape">Pressure-sensitive tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_dispenser" title="Pump dispenser">Pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap" title="Screw cap">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Security printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_tape" title="Security tape">Security tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_detector" title="Shock detector">Shock detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_vibration_data_logger" title="Shock and vibration data logger">Shock and vibration data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_wrap" title="Shrink wrap">Shrink wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_sheet" title="Slip sheet">Slip sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_(fastener)" title="Staple (fastener)">Staple (fastener)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapping" title="Strapping">Strapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretch_wrap" title="Stretch wrap">Stretch wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susceptor" title="Susceptor">Susceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_band" title="Tamper-evident band">Tamper-evident band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_tape" title="Tear tape">Tear tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperature_data_logger" title="Temperature data logger">Temperature data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_temperature_indicator" title="Time temperature indicator">Time temperature indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinning" title="Tinning">Tinplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velostat" title="Velostat">Velostat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aseptic_processing" title="Aseptic processing">Aseptic processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_identification_and_data_capture" title="Automatic identification and data capture">Automatic identification and data capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_fill_seal" title="Blow fill seal">Blow fill seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Converting" class="mw-redirect" title="Converting">Converting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_treatment" title="Corona treatment">Corona treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_coating" title="Curtain coating">Curtain coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_cutting_(web)" title="Die cutting (web)">Die cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_forming_(plastics)" title="Die forming (plastics)">Die forming (plastics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_article_surveillance" title="Electronic article surveillance">Electronic article surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion_coating" title="Extrusion coating">Extrusion coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_treatment" title="Flame treatment">Flame treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis_and_critical_control_points" title="Hazard analysis and critical control points">Hazard analysis and critical control points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_seal" title="Hermetic seal">Hermetic seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_sealing" title="Induction sealing">Induction sealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamination" title="Lamination">Lamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">Laser cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">Molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_tracking" title="Package tracking">Package tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_extrusion" title="Plastic extrusion">Plastic extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_welding" title="Plastic welding">Plastic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Product development">Product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_control" title="Production control">Production control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">Quality assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_slitting" title="Roll slitting">Roll slitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearing_(manufacturing)" title="Shearing (manufacturing)">Shearing (manufacturing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoforming" title="Thermoforming">Thermoforming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_and_trace" title="Track and trace">Track and trace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasonic_welding" title="Ultrasonic welding">Ultrasonic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_forming" title="Vacuum forming">Vacuum forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_packing" title="Vacuum packing">Vacuum packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">Verification and validation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machinery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_printer" title="Barcode printer">Barcode printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Barcode reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottling_line" title="Bottling line">Bottling line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_seamer" title="Can seamer">Can seamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_torque_tester" title="Cap torque tester">Cap torque tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoning_machine" title="Cartoning machine">Cartoning machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_sealer" title="Case sealer">Case sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_weigher" title="Check weigher">Check weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_pump" title="Drum pump">Drum pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_core_stretch_wrapper" title="Extended core stretch wrapper">Extended core stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filler_(packaging)" title="Filler (packaging)">Filler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun">Heat gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_sealer" title="Heat sealer">Heat sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_robot" title="Industrial robot">Industrial robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_molding_machine" title="Injection molding machine">Injection molding machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_printer_applicator" title="Label printer applicator">Label printer applicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineshaft_roller_conveyor" title="Lineshaft roller conveyor">Lineshaft roller conveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_automation" title="Logistics automation">Logistics automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material-handling_equipment" title="Material-handling equipment">Material-handling equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_brake_stretch_wrapper" title="Mechanical brake stretch wrapper">Mechanical brake stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multihead_weigher" title="Multihead weigher">Multihead weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_stretch_wrapper" title="Orbital stretch wrapper">Orbital stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_machinery" title="Packaging machinery">Packaging machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_inverter" title="Pallet inverter">Pallet inverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palletizer" title="Palletizer">Palletizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_wheel_blow_molding_systems" title="Rotary wheel blow molding systems">Rotary wheel blow molding systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed-counting_machine" title="Seed-counting machine">Seed-counting machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_tunnel" title="Shrink tunnel">Shrink tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_gun" title="Staple gun">Staple gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_dispenser" title="Tape dispenser">Tape dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntable_stretch_wrapper" title="Turntable stretch wrapper">Turntable stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_form_fill_sealing_machine" title="Vertical form fill sealing machine">Vertical form fill sealing machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment,<br />post-use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_collecting" title="Can collecting">Can collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed-loop_box_reuse" title="Closed-loop box reuse">Closed-loop box reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">Glass recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">Life-cycle assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litter" title="Litter">Litter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_waste" title="Packaging waste">Packaging waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PET_bottle_recycling" title="PET bottle recycling">PET bottle recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">Plastic recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_logistics" title="Reverse logistics">Reverse logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_reduction" title="Source reduction">Source reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Packaging" title="Category:Packaging">Category: Packaging</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Paper" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paper" title="Template:Paper"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paper" title="Template talk:Paper"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paper" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paper"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paper" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paper_engineering" title="Paper engineering">Paper engineering</a> / <a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_paper" title="History of paper">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talas" title="Battle of Talas">Battle of Talas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal_of_Silos" title="Missal of Silos">Missal of Silos</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Originators" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Originators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Lun" title="Cai Lun">Cai Lun</a> (Zuo Bo/Tso Po/Tso Tzǔ-yi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damjing" title="Damjing">Damjing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Koops" title="Matthias Koops">Matthias Koops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gottlob_Keller" title="Friedrich Gottlob Keller">Friedrich Gottlob Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fenerty" title="Charles Fenerty">Charles Fenerty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Carter" title="Thomas Francis Carter">Thomas Francis Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dard_Hunter" title="Dard Hunter">Dard Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsien_Tsuen-hsuin" title="Tsien Tsuen-hsuin">Tsien Tsuen-hsuin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid-free_paper" title="Acid-free paper">Acid-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air-laid_paper" title="Air-laid paper">Air-laid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amate" title="Amate">Amate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituminous_waterproofing#Roofing_felt" title="Bituminous waterproofing">Asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_paper" title="Banana paper">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_paper" title="Bible paper">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blotting_paper" title="Blotting paper">Blotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_paper" title="Bond paper">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_board" title="Bristol board">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_paper" title="Carbon paper">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_stock" title="Card stock">Cardstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_paper" title="Cartridge paper">Cartridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_paper" title="Construction paper">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_paper" title="Contact paper">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_fine_paper#Copy_paper" title="Special fine paper">Copy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonless_copy_paper" title="Carbonless copy paper">Carbonless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correction_paper" title="Correction paper">Correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_paper" title="Cotton paper">Cotton (rag)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_paper" title="Crêpe paper">Crêpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_board" title="Display board">Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3_paper" title="Dó paper">Dó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_insulation_paper" title="Electrical insulation paper">Electrical insulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_paper" title="Filter paper">Filteration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_y%C5%8Dshi" title="Genkō yōshi">Genkō yōshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassine" title="Glassine">Glassine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_paper" title="Graph paper">Graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greaseproof_paper" title="Greaseproof paper">Greaseproof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_paper" title="Hemp paper">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_paper" title="India paper">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkjet_paper" title="Inkjet paper">Inkjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingres_paper" title="Ingres paper">Ingres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_paper" title="Korean paper">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butcher_paper" title="Butcher paper">Butcher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laid_paper" title="Laid paper">Laid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokta_paper" title="Lokta paper">Lokta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_paper" title="Manila paper">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_paper" title="Mummy paper">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">Newsprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onionskin" title="Onionskin">Onionskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origami_paper" title="Origami paper">Origami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parchment_paper" title="Parchment paper">Parchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_paper" title="Photographic paper">Photographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_rosin_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Red rosin paper">Red rosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_paper" title="Rice paper">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_paper" title="Rolling paper">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_paper" title="Bible paper">Scritta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_paper" title="Security paper">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_paper" title="Seed paper">Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_paper" title="Stone paper">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_paper" title="Tar paper">Tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_paper" title="Thermal paper">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracing_paper" title="Tracing paper">Tracing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_paper" title="Transfer paper">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree-free_paper" title="Tree-free paper">Tree-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper">Wallpaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washi" title="Washi">Washi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasli" title="Wasli">Wasli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterproof_paper" title="Waterproof paper">Waterproof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wax_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Wax paper">Wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-free_paper" title="Wood-free paper">Wood-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wove_paper" title="Wove paper">Wove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_and_writing_paper" title="Printing and writing paper">Writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuan_paper" title="Xuan paper">Xuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">China clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Fiber crop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_chemicals" title="Paper chemicals">Paper chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">Papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">Wood pulp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paper#Types,_thickness_and_weight" title="Paper">Specifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paper_density" title="Paper density">Density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammage" title="Grammage">Grammage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">Paper sizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_chemistry_of_paper" title="Surface chemistry of paper">Surface chemistry of paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Units_of_paper_quantity" title="Units of paper quantity">Units of paper quantity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_strength" title="Wet strength">Wet strength</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacture<br />and process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleaching_of_wood_pulp" title="Bleaching of wood pulp">Bleaching of wood pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conical_refiner" title="Conical refiner">Conical refiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deinking" title="Deinking">Deinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemental_chlorine_free" title="Elemental chlorine free">Elemental chlorine free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper" title="Environmental impact of paper">Environmental impact of paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking#Manual_papermaking" title="Papermaking">Handmade paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollander_beater" title="Hollander beater">Hollander beater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_process" title="Kraft process">Kraft process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organosolv" title="Organosolv">Organosolv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_machine" title="Paper machine">Paper machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_pulping" title="Soda pulping">Soda pulping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfite_process" title="Sulfite process">Sulfite process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">Paper industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Canada" title="Pulp and paper industry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Europe" title="Pulp and paper industry in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Pulp and paper industry in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Japan" title="Pulp and paper industry in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Pulp and paper industry in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_mill" title="Paper mill">Paper mill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_paper_mills" title="List of paper mills">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lined_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Lined paper">Lined paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_towel" title="Paper towel">Paper towels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">Papier-mâché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_clothing" title="Paper clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notebook" title="Notebook">Notebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watercolor_paper" title="Watercolor paper">Watercolor paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper money">Paper money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverage_carton" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverage carton">Beverage cartons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" 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