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<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteníu" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabla de conteníos" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfabetu vietnamita</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 37 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 llingües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أبجديات فيتنامية – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبجديات فيتنامية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_vietnamita" title="Alfabet vietnamita – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet vietnamita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C5%8Fk-n%C3%A0ng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84_c%C3%AA-m%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Uŏk-nàng-ngṳ̄ cê-mō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Uŏk-nàng-ngṳ̄ cê-mō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8E%DB%8C_%DA%A4%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="ئەلفوبێی ڤێتنامی – kurdu central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلفوبێی ڤێتنامی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdu central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamesische_Schrift" title="Vietnamesische Schrift – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vietnamesische Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vietnamese alphabet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_vietnamita" title="Alfabeto vietnamita – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto vietnamita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="الفبای ویتنامی – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبای ویتنامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_Qu%E1%BB%91c_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Chữ Quốc ngữ – finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chữ Quốc ngữ" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_qu%E1%BB%91c_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Chữ quốc ngữ – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chữ quốc ngữ" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_vietnamita" title="Alfabeto vietnamita – gallegu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto vietnamita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%CC%8Dt-n%C3%A0m-ng%C3%AE_s%E1%B9%B3-m%C3%BB" title="Ye̍t-nàm-ngî sṳ-mû – chinu hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ye̍t-nàm-ngî sṳ-mû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chinu hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="वियतनामी लिपि – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वियतनामी लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Quốc ngữ – indonesiu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Quốc ngữ" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_vietnamita" title="Alfabeto vietnamita – italianu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto vietnamita" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BC" title="チュ・クオック・グー – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チュ・クオック・グー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%AF%94_%EA%BE%B8%EC%98%A5_%EC%9D%91%EC%9C%BC" title="쯔 꾸옥 응으 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쯔 꾸옥 응으" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Quốc ngữ – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Quốc ngữ" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Виетнамска азбука – macedoniu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Виетнамска азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_Vietnam" title="Abjad Vietnam – malayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abjad Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamees_alfabet" title="Vietnamees alfabet – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vietnamees alfabet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Quốc ngữ – noruegu Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Quốc ngữ" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegu Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_wietnamski" title="Alfabet wietnamski – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfabet wietnamski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="ویتنامی لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ویتنامی لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Куокнгы – rusu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Куокнгы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vietnamese alphabet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamska_abeceda" title="Vietnamska abeceda – eslovenu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vietnamska abeceda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Quốc ngữ – suecu" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Quốc ngữ" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%A3" title="Алифбои ветнамӣ – taxiquistanín" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алифбои ветнамӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxiquistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="จื๋อโกว๊กหงือ – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จื๋อโกว๊กหงือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_alfabesi" title="Vietnam alfabesi – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vietnam alfabesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%27%D1%94%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="В'єтнамська абетка – ucraín" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="В'єтнамська абетка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyetnam_yozuvi" title="Vyetnam yozuvi – uzbequistanín" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vyetnam yozuvi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbequistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_Qu%E1%BB%91c_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Chữ Quốc ngữ – vietnamín" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ Quốc ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="越南語字母 – chinu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="越南語字母" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kok-g%C3%BA-j%C4%AB" title="Kok-gú-jī – chinu min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kok-gú-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chinu min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" title="越南國語字 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="越南國語字" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q622712#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar los enllaces d'interllingua" class="wbc-editpage">Editar los enllaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nome"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alfabetu_vietnamita" title="Ver la páxina de conteníu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Páxina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new 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class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_vietnamita" title="Esti artículu foi traducíu automáticamente y precisa revisase manualmente"><img alt="Esti artículu foi traducíu automáticamente y precisa revisase manualmente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/16px-Robot_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/24px-Robot_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/32px-Robot_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ast" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox plantia-alfabetu" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background:Moccasin; font-size:120%;"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sistema d'escritura"><img alt="Sistema d'escritura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kanji_Wa.svg/20px-Kanji_Wa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kanji_Wa.svg/30px-Kanji_Wa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kanji_Wa.svg/40px-Kanji_Wa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="123" /></span></span></span>Alfabetu vietnamita<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3395730">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:A-b%C3%AA_annam_(alphabet)_1925.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/A-b%C3%AA_annam_%28alphabet%29_1925.png/330px-A-b%C3%AA_annam_%28alphabet%29_1925.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/A-b%C3%AA_annam_%28alphabet%29_1925.png/500px-A-b%C3%AA_annam_%28alphabet%29_1925.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/A-b%C3%AA_annam_%28alphabet%29_1925.png/960px-A-b%C3%AA_annam_%28alphabet%29_1925.png 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="641" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Tipos</th><td> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29575627" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q29575627">alfabetu deriváu del llatín</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Creador</th><td> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q336653" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q336653">Alexandre de Rhodes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee; width:30%;">Formáu por</th><td> <a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q336228" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q336228">Ă</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336228?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9985" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q9985">Â</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9985?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16164" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q16164">Đ</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16164?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10009" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q10009">Ê</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10009?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q56161" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q56161">Ô</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56161?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q394692" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q394692">Ơ</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q394692?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a>, <a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a>, <a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a>, <a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a>, <a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q394721" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q394721">Ư</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q394721?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a>, <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> y <a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622712" title="Cambiar los datos en Wikidata"><img alt="Cambiar los datos en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'<b>alfabetu vietnamita</b>, llamáu <i><b>chữ quốc ngữ</b> (escritura de la llingua nacional)</i> o <i><b>quốc ngữ</b> (llingua nacional)</i>, ye'l sistema d'escritura contemporáneo propiu del <a href="/wiki/Idioma_vietnamita" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma vietnamita">idioma vietnamita</a>. Basáu nel <a href="/wiki/Alfabetu_llat%C3%ADn" title="Alfabetu llatín">alfabetu llatín</a> utilizáu pola <a href="/wiki/Llingua_portuguesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Llingua portuguesa">llingua portuguesa</a>, foi inventáu por un <a href="/wiki/Misioneru" title="Misioneru">misioneru</a> <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">francés</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_de_Rhodes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre de Rhodes (la páxina nun esiste)">Alexandre de Rhodes</a>. Dempués de la colonización francesa, y gracies a la obra d'espardimientu entamáu por eruditos de la talla de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrus_Ky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrus Ky (la páxina nun esiste)">Petrus Ky</a>, monopolizó l'usu en tolos documentos oficiales, de manera que terminó siendo'l sistema más utilizáu pa la escritura de la llingua vietnamita. </p><p>Según <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedict_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benedict Anderson (la páxina nun esiste)">Benedict Anderson</a> na so obra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comunidaes_imaxinaes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comunidaes imaxinaes (la páxina nun esiste)">Comunidaes imaxinaes</a> (Fondu de Cultura Económica Méxicu nᵘ 498 pgs. 178-179) diz: El <i><b>quốc ngữ</b> ye una escritura fonético romanizada, inventada polos misioneros xesuites nel sieglu XVII, anque na so forma final esta escritura suel atribuyise al talentosu lexicógrafu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_de_Rhodes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre de Rhodes (la páxina nun esiste)">Alexandre de Rhodes</a> que publicó en 1651 el so notable "Dictionarium annamiticum, lusitanum et latinum". Adoptar poles autoridaes pal so usu en "Cochinchina" dende'l deceniu de 1860. Foi impulsáu de forma apostada pa destruyir los llazos con China, y quiciabes tamién col pasáu nativu, al faer inaccesibles los rexistros dinásticos y les lliteratures antigües pa una nueva xeneración de vietnamites colonizaos.</i> La mayoría de los funcionarios coloniales franceses de finales de sieglu XIX taben convencíos de que llograr l'ésitu colonial permanente riquía la eliminación drástica de les influyencies chines, incluyíu'l sistema d'escritura. Los misioneros consideraben de cutiu a los lliteratos "confucianos" como la principal torga pa la conversión xeneral de Vietnam al catolicismu. Poro, creíen que la eliminación de la llingua china equivalía a quitar simultáneamente a Vietnam del so heriedu y a neutralizar a la "élite tradicional", cola resultancia de comunicar a los vietnamites solo la lliteratura y la filosofía franceses que xulgaron útiles y fácilmente asimilables pa ellos. </p><p>L'alfabetu vietnamita tien signos diacríticos pa estremar ente soníos y tonos. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lletres">Lletres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetu_vietnamita&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar seición: Lletres" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetu_vietnamita&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Lletres"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'alfabetu vietnamita tien 29 lletres: </p> <dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td>A</td> <td>Ă</td> <td>Â</td> <td>B</td> <td>C</td> <td>D</td> <td>Đ</td> <td>E</td> <td>Ê</td> <td>G</td> <td>H</td> <td>I</td> <td>K</td> <td>L</td> <td>M</td> <td>N</td> <td>O</td> <td>Ô</td> <td>Ơ</td> <td>P</td> <td>Q</td> <td>R</td> <td>S</td> <td>T</td> <td>U</td> <td>Ư</td> <td>V</td> <td>X</td> <td>Y </td></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td>ă</td> <td>â</td> <td>b</td> <td>c</td> <td>d</td> <td>đ</td> <td>e</td> <td>ê</td> <td>g</td> <td>h</td> <td>i</td> <td>k</td> <td>l</td> <td>m</td> <td>n</td> <td>o</td> <td>ô</td> <td>ơ</td> <td>p</td> <td>q</td> <td>r</td> <td>s</td> <td>t</td> <td>u</td> <td>ư</td> <td>v</td> <td>x</td> <td>y </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p><br /> Amás úsense 10 dígrafos y 1 trígrafo. </p> <dl><dd>CH, GH, GI, KH, NG, NGH, NH, PH, QU, TH, TR</dd></dl> <p>Les lletres "F", "J", "W" y "Z" nun s'utilicen nel idioma vietnamita, pero usar pa les pallabres estranxeres. "W" ye dacuando utilizáu en llugar de "O" pa embrivir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocales">Vocales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetu_vietnamita&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar seición: Vocales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetu_vietnamita&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Vocales"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La correspondencia ente la ortografía y la pronunciación ye daqué complicáu. En dellos casos, la mesma lletra puede representar otros soníos, y otres lletres pueden representar el mesmu soníu. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ortografía </th> <th>Pronunciación </th> <th>Ortografía </th> <th>Pronunciación </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɐː/, /ɐ/, /ɜ/</span> </p> </td> <td> <p> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/w/</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ă </td> <td> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɐ/</span> </td> <td>ô </td> <td> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/o/, /ɜw/, /ɜ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>â </td> <td> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɜ/</span> </td> <td>ơ </td> <td> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/əː/, /ɜ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɛ/</span> </p> </td> <td> <p> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/o/, /w/</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ê </td> <td> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/y/, /ɜ/</span> </td> <td>ư </td> <td> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɨ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>i </td> <td> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/i/, /j/</span> </td> <td> <p> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/i/, /j/</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La tabla embaxo son... </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><i>Vocales singulares</i> </caption> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/i/</span> <ul><li>de normal escríbese como <i><b>i</b></i>: <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/si/</span> = <i><b>sĩ</b></i> (Un sufixu qu'indica oficiu, paecíu al sufixu inglés <i>-er</i>).</li> <li>dacuando: <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/el mio/</span> = <i><b>Mỹ</b></i> 'Estaos Xuníos'.</li> <li>siempres s'escribe <i><b>y</b></i> si *#</li></ul> <p>ye precedíu por una vocal ortográfica: <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/xwiɜn/</span> = <i><b>khuyên</b></i> 'aconseyar'; </p> <ul><li><ol><li>a principios d'una pallabra que deriva del chinu (escritu como i de lo contrario): <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/iɜw/</span> = <i><b>yêu</b></i> 'amar'.</li></ol></li> <li>(Atención que <i><b>i</b></i> y <i><b>y</b></i> utilícense tamién pa escribir la semivocal consonante <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/j/</span>.)</li></ul> </td> <td>/y escríbese <i><b>ê</b></i>. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɛ/</span> <ul><li>escríbese <i><b>y</b></i>.</li></ul> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɨ/</span> <ul><li>escríbese <i><b>ư</b></i>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/əː/</span> <ul><li>escríbese <i><b>ơ</b></i>.</li></ul> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɜ/</span> <ul><li><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɜ/</span> asocede como un monoptongo y tamién como la segunda parte d'un diptongu.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɐː/</span> <ul><li>s'escriba <i><b>a</b></i>.</li></ul> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɐ/</span> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/o/</span> <ul><li>s'escriba <i><b>o</b></i>.</li></ul> </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/o/</span> <ul><li>s'escriba <i><b>ô</b></i>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɔ/</span> <ul><li>s'escriba <i><b>o</b></i>.</li></ul> </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><i>Diptongos & Triptongos</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Pronunciación </th> <th>Ortografía </th> <th>Pronunciación </th> <th>Ortografía </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Diptongos </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/uj/</span> </td> <td>ui </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/iw/</span> </td> <td>iu </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/oj/</span> </td> <td>ôi </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ew/</span> </td> <td>êu </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɔj/</span> </td> <td>oi </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɛw/</span> </td> <td>eo </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/əːj/</span> </td> <td>ơi </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/əːw/</span> </td> <td>ơo </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɜj/</span> </td> <td>ây, ê </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɜw/</span> </td> <td>âu, ô </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɐːj/</span> </td> <td>ai </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɐːw/</span> </td> <td>ao </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɐj/</span> </td> <td> <p><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɐw/</span> </p> </td> <td>au, o </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɨj/</span> </td> <td>ưi </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɨw/</span> </td> <td>ưo </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/iɜ/</span> </td> <td>ia, yá, iê, yê </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/oɜ/</span> </td> <td>ua, uô </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɨɜ/</span> </td> <td>ưa, ươ </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Triptongos </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/iɜw/</span> </td> <td>iêu, yêu </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/oɜj/</span> </td> <td>uôi </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɨɜj/</span> </td> <td>ươi </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɨɜw/</span> </td> <td>ươo </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table border="2" cellpadding="5" style="line-height: 1.0em; margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td width="50%"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/iɜ/</span> <ul><li>s'escriba <i><b>ia</b></i> en sílabes abiertes: /el mioɜ/ = <i><b>mio</b></i> 'caña d'azucre' (Atención: <i>sílabes abiertes</i> son sílabes que remata nun vocal, <i>sílabes zarraes</i> remata nun consonante)</li> <li>s'escriba <i><b>iê</b></i> antes d'un consonante: /el mioɜŋ/ = <i><b>el mioếng</b></i> 'cachu'</li> <li>el <i><b>i</b></i> s'escriba <i><b>y</b></i> a principios de pallabres o dempués d'un vocal ortográficu: <ul><li><i><b>yá</b></i>: /xwiɜ/ = <i><b>khuya</b></i> 'na nueche tarde'</li> <li><i><b>yê</b></i>: /xwiɜn/ = <i><b>khuyên</b></i> 'aconseyar'; /iɜn/ = <i><b>yên</b></i> 'n'aselu'</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td> <p><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/oɜ/</span> </p> <ul><li>s'escriba <i><b>ua</b></i> en sílabes abiertes: /muɜ/ = <i><b>mua</b></i> 'mercar'</li> <li>s'escriba <i><b>uô</b></i> antés de consonante: /muɜn/ = <i><b>muôn</b></i> 'diez mil'</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">/ɨɜ/</span> </p> <ul><li>s'escriba <i><b>ưa</b></i> en sílabes abeirtas: /mɨɜ/ = <i><b>mưa</b></i> 'llover'</li> <li>s'escriba <i><b>ươ</b></i> antés de consonante: /mɨɜŋ/ = <i><b>mương</b></i> 'regar canal'</li></ul> </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonantes">Consonantes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetu_vietnamita&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar seición: Consonantes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetu_vietnamita&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Consonantes"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El dígrafu "gh" y el trígrafo "ngh" se remplazan por "g" y "ng" que s'utilicen antes de "i", con cuenta d'evitar tracamundiu col "gi" dígrafu. Por razones históriques, utilícense tamién delantre de "y" o "ê" (como n'italianu). </p><p>La mayoría de les consonantes pronúnciense similar a les equivalentes europees, con ciertes considerancies: </p> <ul><li>"ch" ye <i>palatal sorda</i> (IPA: [c]) o <i>africada</i> (IPA: [ʧ]).</li> <li>"đ" ye asemeyáu al soníu "d" en munchos idiomes. En vietnamita "đ", sicasí pronúnciase como una <i> parada de glotis</i> darréu precedente o simultáneu como "đ".</li> <li>Dambes "d" y "gi" pronúnciense [z] nos dialeutos del norte (inclusive <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4an%C3%B3i" title="Ḥanói">Ḥanói</a>), o [j] (asemeyáu a "y" inglés) nel dialeutu central y <a href="/wiki/Saig%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Saigón">Saigón</a>.</li> <li>"v" pronúnciase [v] nel dialeutu del norte, o [j] nel dialeutu del sur.</li> <li>"KH" ye <i>fricativa velar sorda</i> (IPA: [x]). Paecer a la "j" n'español,"ch" alemán y escocés, "X" rusu, "H" mandarín, o "kh" árabe y persa. Nun se pronuncia nunca como "k" inglés o "kh" ख hindi.</li> <li>"ng" ye un <i>velar nasal</i> (IPA: [ŋ]). "ng" paecer al inglés "singing" o <a href="/wiki/Idioma_gallegu" title="Idioma gallegu">gallegu</a> "unha". Nun se pronuncia nunca como "n" inglés o "n" más "g".</li> <li>"NH" ye un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatal_nasal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatal nasal (la páxina nun esiste)">palatal nasal</a> (IPA: [ɲ]), asemeyáu a "ñ" español, "ny" catalán, "nh" portugués.</li> <li>"PH" pronúnciase /f/, similar a "f" n'español. Nun se pronuncia nunca como "p" inglés o "ph" फ hindi. Curiosamente, hai "p" ensin "h" namái nes pallabres estranxeres, y "f" nun s'usa en vietnamita a pesar de que "ph" pronúnciase /f/ y non /pʰ/. Ye por cuenta de razones históriques.</li> <li>"S" pronúnciase como la "sh" inglesa, ente que'l fonema "s" ye representáu por "x" nel dialeutu del sur y dellos dialeutos centrales; pero dambes pronúnciense "s" nos dialeutos del norte.</li> <li>"th" ye una "t" aspirada<i>(IPA: [tʰ]). Paecer al soníu "th" थ n'hindi o'l soníu "t" n'inglés a principios de la pallabra. Nun se pronuncia nunca como "th" inglés o "t" francés y español.</i></li> <li>"TR" ye una "t" retroflexa (nes rexones del sur) y pronúnciase como "ch" vietnamita nel dialeutu del norte. Ye similar a la pronunciación del pinyin "zh" en chinu mandarín. Les pallabres de <a href="/wiki/Chinu_mandar%C3%ADn" title="Chinu mandarín">chinu mandarín</a> qu'empiecen con "zh" correspuéndense de normal coles pallabres sinón-vietnamita qu'empiecen con "tr".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tonos">Tonos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetu_vietnamita&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar seición: Tonos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetu_vietnamita&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Tonos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Definir en Dellos Soníos </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetu_vietnamita&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetu_vietnamita&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaces_esternos">Enllaces esternos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetu_vietnamita&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar seición: Enllaces esternos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chữ_Quốc_ngữ">Chữ Quốc ngữ</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4568753-5">4568753-5</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedies</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" class="mw-redirect" 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