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<span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palais_de_Justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palais_de_Justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Palais de Justice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palais_de_Justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Highest court in the Haitian legal system</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Supreme Court of Haiti</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Cour de Cassation</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1817</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authorised by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Haiti" title="Constitution of Haiti">Constitution of Haiti</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #Ededed;">President of the Supreme Court of Justice</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Joseph_Lebrun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Joseph Lebrun (page does not exist)">Jean Joseph Lebrun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Since</th><td class="infobox-data">22 November 2022</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cour-de-cassation-haiti-actunews7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Cour-de-cassation-haiti-actunews7.jpg/220px-Cour-de-cassation-haiti-actunews7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Cour-de-cassation-haiti-actunews7.jpg/330px-Cour-de-cassation-haiti-actunews7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Cour-de-cassation-haiti-actunews7.jpg/440px-Cour-de-cassation-haiti-actunews7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Palais de Justice</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Haiti" title="Politics of Haiti">Politics of Haiti</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="716" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Haiti" title="Constitution of Haiti">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_Court_of_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitutional Court of Haiti (page does not exist)">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Haiti" title="Law of Haiti">Law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legislature (Dysfunctional)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Parliament">Haitian Parliament</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Haiti)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Haiti)">Chamber of Deputies</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Haiti)" title="Senate (Haiti)">Senate</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_Haiti" title="President of Haiti">President of Haiti</a></b> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Haiti" title="List of heads of state of Haiti">list</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Presidential_Council" title="Transitional Presidential Council">Transitional Presidential Council</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Haiti" title="Prime Minister of Haiti">Prime Minister of Haiti</a></b> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Haiti" title="List of prime ministers of Haiti">list</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alix_Didier_Fils-Aim%C3%A9" title="Alix Didier Fils-Aimé">Alix Didier Fils-Aimé</a> (interim)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Haiti" title="Cabinet of Haiti">Cabinet</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Court of Haiti</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Recent <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Haiti" title="Elections in Haiti">elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2006_Haitian_general_election" title="2006 Haitian general election">2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_Haitian_general_election" title="2010–11 Haitian general election">2010–11</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Haitian_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Next Haitian general election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2015_Haitian_presidential_election" title="2015 Haitian presidential election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Haitian_presidential_election" title="February 2016 Haitian presidential election">2016 <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Feb)</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Haitian_presidential_election" title="November 2016 Haitian presidential election">2016 <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Nov)</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Parliamentary: <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Haitian_parliamentary_election" title="2015–16 Haitian parliamentary election">2015–16</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Senate: <a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Haitian_Senate_election" title="2016–17 Haitian Senate election">2016–17</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Electoral body: <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Electoral_Council" title="Provisional Electoral Council">CEP</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Haiti" title="Administrative divisions of Haiti">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Haiti" title="Departments of Haiti">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Haiti" title="Arrondissements of Haiti">Arrondissements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_of_Haiti" title="List of communes of Haiti">Communes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_section" title="Communal section">Communal sections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Haiti" title="Foreign relations of Haiti">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Haiti)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Haiti)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Ministers_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Ministers of Haiti">Minister</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Haiti" title="List of diplomatic missions of Haiti">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Haiti" title="List of diplomatic missions in Haiti">in Haiti</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_passport" title="Haitian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Haitian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Haitian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Haiti" title="Visa policy of Haiti">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/40px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/60px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/120px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Haiti" title="Portal:Haiti">Haiti portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Haiti" title="Template:Politics of Haiti"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Haiti" title="Template talk:Politics of Haiti"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Haiti" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Haiti"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Supreme Court of Haiti</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Cour de Cassation</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kuʁ<span class="wrap"> </span>də<span class="wrap"> </span>kasɑsjɔ̃]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/08\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Sagnamadr-cour_de_cassation.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Sagnamadr-cour_de_cassation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Sagnamadr-cour de cassation.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Sagnamadr-cour_de_cassation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Sagnamadr-cour_de_cassation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Sagnamadr-cour_de_cassation.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Sagnamadr-cour de cassation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Creole language">Haitian Creole</a>: <i lang="ht">Lakou kasasyon an Ayiti</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">highest court</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haitian</a> legal system. The Supreme Court building is located in <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Supreme_Court_of_Haiti" title="Special:EditPage/Supreme Court of Haiti">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From 1806–1817, the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of Haiti">Senate of Haiti</a> served judicial functions. The Supreme Court was first formed in 1817 under Petion's 1816 constitution as a body of a grand judge, dean, six judges and a government commissioner, all of whom were to be appointed for life. The first Grand Judge of the Supreme Court was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Dominique_Sabourin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Dominique Sabourin (page does not exist)">André Dominique Sabourin</a>, who concurrently served as Minister of Justice in Petion's cabinet. Other appointees to the court were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Germain_Linard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Germain Linard (page does not exist)">Louis Germain Linard</a>, dean</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Ignace_Fresnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Ignace Fresnel (page does not exist)">Jacques Ignace Fresnel</a></li> <li>Jean Thézan,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lespinasse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-François Lespinasse (page does not exist)">Jean-François Lespinasse</a>,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_G%C3%A9deon_Christ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Gédeon Christ (page does not exist)">Thomas Gédeon Christ</a> (who was sworn in later),</li> <li>Lemerand</li> <li>Pitre Jeune</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Gabriel_Audig%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Gabriel Audigé (page does not exist)">Louis-Gabriel Audigé</a>, Government Commissioner</li></ul> <p>Jules Solime Milscent was also appointed as the first clerk. </p><p>The Law of 16 July 1954 added a Judge to the eleven provided by the Law of 1918 and since then, the Court of Cassation of Haiti is composed of twelve Judges (including the President and Vice-President), a Government Commissioner, and three substitutes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Haiti" title="Constitution of Haiti">Constitution of Haiti</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stipulates that Supreme Court justices are appointed by the president from a list submitted by the senate of three persons per court seat.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear whether they are appointed for 10 years (Art. 174 says so) or for life (Art. 177 says so).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically the court has frequently reversed its own opinions and its justices have often been replaced. Almost all new governments have a Supreme Court of their own choosing.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in February 2021, President <a href="/wiki/Jovenel_Moise" class="mw-redirect" title="Jovenel Moise">Jovenel Moise</a> declared judges, Joseph Mécène Jean-Louis, Yvickel Dabrezil, and Wendelle Coq Thelot retired after the opposition had tried to replace Moises with Jean-Louis as president.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role">Role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Supreme Court of Haiti interprets and expounds all congressional enactments brought to it in cases, and as such it interprets state law. It also has superseding power over all courts to examine departmental and federal statutes and executive actions, determining whether they conform to the country's Constitution. The Labor Courts and the Land Court are only appealable to the Supreme Court, as opposed to the Juvenile Court and the High Court of Accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the constitutionality of a law, statute, or an executive action is ruled against by the Supreme Court, its decision can be overcome if the Constitution is amended by the people parliaments or if the Court overrules itself. Decisions by the Court do not pertain to specific cases, rather are intended to encompass interpretation of legislature and executive authority, actually developing the way laws are interpreted. The Cour de Cassation therefore potentially yields the highest power in the Haiti governmental system.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the 1987 constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession">line of succession</a> to the office of <a href="/wiki/President_of_Haiti" title="President of Haiti">President of Haiti</a> went first to the president of the Supreme Court, then to the vice-president of the court, then to judges in order of seniority. An election for president was required within three months and the acting president could not run for the office. This was amended in 2011-2012 to remove all judges from the presidential line of succession. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palais_de_Justice">Palais de Justice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Palais de Justice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Palais de Justice<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the Supreme Court building) was heavily damaged and partially collapsed as a result of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 Haiti earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chief_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court">Chief Justices of the Supreme Court</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chief Justices of the Supreme Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Chief Justice </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nemours_Pierre-Louis" title="Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis">Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis</a> </td> <td>1946 </td> <td>1957 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9lio_Vilgrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lélio Vilgrain (page does not exist)">Lélio Vilgrain</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1957 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colbert_Bonhomme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colbert Bonhomme (page does not exist)">Colbert Bonhomme</a> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1958 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9odore_Nicoleau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Théodore Nicoleau (page does not exist)">Théodore Nicoleau</a><sup id="cite_ref-duvalier_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duvalier-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1958 </td> <td>1961 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrien_Douyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrien Douyon (page does not exist)">Adrien Douyon</a><sup id="cite_ref-duvalier_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duvalier-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>1963-? </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Boisvert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luc Boisvert (page does not exist)">Luc Boisvert</a><sup id="cite_ref-duvalier_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duvalier-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>? </td> <td>? </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fournier_Fortun%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fournier Fortuné (page does not exist)">Fournier Fortuné</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>?-1980 </td> <td>1982 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rock Raymond (page does not exist)">Rock Raymond</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1982 </td> <td>1985 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Gonzal%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Gonzalès (page does not exist)">Pierre Gonzalès</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1985<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1985 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_D._Hector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luc D. Hector (page does not exist)">Luc D. Hector</a> </td> <td>1985 </td> <td>1987-? </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_L._Jeannot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre L. Jeannot (page does not exist)">Pierre L. Jeannot</a> </td> <td>? </td> <td>1989 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gilbert Austin </td> <td>1989 </td> <td>1990-? </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ertha_Pascal-Trouillot" title="Ertha Pascal-Trouillot">Ertha Pascal-Trouillot</a> [provisional] </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>1991 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_N%C3%A9rette" title="Joseph Nérette">Joseph Nérette</a> </td> <td>? </td> <td>1991<sup id="cite_ref-nerettejonassaint_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nerettejonassaint-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Jonassaint" title="Émile Jonassaint">Émile Jonassaint</a> </td> <td>1991<sup id="cite_ref-nerettejonassaint_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nerettejonassaint-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1993 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clausel_D%C3%A9brosse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clausel Débrosse (page does not exist)">Clausel Débrosse</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boniface_Alexandre" title="Boniface Alexandre">Boniface Alexandre</a> </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2006 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Mo%C3%AFse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Moïse (page does not exist)">Georges Moïse</a> </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>2011 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anel_Alexis_Joseph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anel Alexis Joseph (page does not exist)">Anel Alexis Joseph</a> </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Cantave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Cantave (page does not exist)">Jules Cantave</a> </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Nouvelliste_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nouvelliste-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Sylvestre" title="René Sylvestre">René Sylvestre</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Nouvelliste_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nouvelliste-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Joseph_Lebrun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Joseph Lebrun (page does not exist)">Jean Joseph Lebrun</a> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>current </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_members">Current members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Current members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Joseph_Lebrun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Joseph Lebrun (page does not exist)">Jean Joseph Lebrun</a>, President (since 2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Claude_Th%C3%A9og%C3%A8ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Claude Théogène (page does not exist)">Jean-Claude Théogène</a>, vice-president (since 2019)</li> <li>Barthélemy Anténor (since 2019)</li> <li>Jean-Joseph Lebrun (since 2019)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Haiti&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Haiti/haiti1987.html">"Haiti: Constitution, 1987"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haiti%3A+Constitution%2C+1987&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdba.georgetown.edu%2FConstitutions%2FHaiti%2Fhaiti1987.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 175 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Haiti" title="Constitution of Haiti">Constitution of Haiti</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IBP, Inc. 2015. Haiti Labor Laws and Regulations Handbook – Strategic Information and Basic Laws. <a href="/wiki/Lulu.com" title="Lulu.com">Lulu.com</a>. p. 15–. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-329-05813-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-329-05813-2">978-1-329-05813-2</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Lulu.com is a self-publishing platform (April 2020)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Irwin_P._Stotzky" class="mw-redirect" title="Irwin P. Stotzky">Irwin P. Stotzky</a>, 1999. Silencing the Guns in Haiti: The Promise of Deliberative Democracy. University of Chicago Press. p. 99. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-77627-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-77627-9">978-0-226-77627-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/americas/haiti-president-tells-voa-he-retired-3-judges-protect-supreme-court">Haiti President Tells VOA He Retired 3 Judges to 'Protect' Supreme Court</a>, VOA, Sandra Lemaire, February 10, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IBP, Inc. 2013. Haiti Labor Laws and Regulations Handbook – Strategic Information and Basic Laws. <a href="/wiki/Lulu.com" title="Lulu.com">Lulu.com</a>. p. 103. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-7907-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-7907-2">978-1-4387-7907-2</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Lulu.com is a self-publishing platform (April 2020)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rene Chery, 2011. Women and Children's Tribulation in Haiti. Xlibris Corporation. p. 247. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4628-8814-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4628-8814-6">978-1-4628-8814-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CNN, Anderson Cooper 360, airdate 25 January 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLacey2010" class="citation news cs1">Lacey, Marc (24 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/24/world/americas/24heritage.html?hpw">"Cultural Riches Turn to Rubble in Haiti Quake"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Impr. N.A. Théodore.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Compilations+pour+l%27histoire%3A+les+gouvernements+provisoires%2C+6+d%C3%A9cembre+1956+au+25+mai+1957&rft.pub=Impr.+N.A.+Th%C3%A9odore&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=C%C3%A9lestin&rft.aufirst=Cl%C3%A9ment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR15qAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A9y4pw0M2t0C"><i>The International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's who</i></a>. 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Maisonneuve et Larose. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782706819889" title="Special:BookSources/9782706819889"><bdi>9782706819889</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ha%C3%AFti%3A+L%27ensauvagement+macoute+et+ses+cons%C3%A9quences%2C+1957-1990&rft.pub=Maisonneuve+et+Larose&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9782706819889&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9an&rft.aufirst=Leslie+Jean-Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzS9XAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nbAvAAAAYAAJ">"The West Indies and Caribbean Year Book: Anuario Comercial de Las Antillas Y Paises Del Caribe"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalrepository.unm.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D3750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDumay2011" class="citation book cs1">Dumay, Rev Emmanuel (15 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rVCPAAAAQBAJ"><i>The Era of Military Coups D 'Etat: Haiti 1986-1991</i></a>. 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Latin American Newsletters Limited. 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latin+America+Regional+Reports%3A+Caribbean+91%2F1991&rft.pub=Latin+American+Newsletters+Limited&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df-OyAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427230828/http://www.haiti.org/president_of_haiti.htm">"Embassy of the Republic of Haiti, Washington D.C."</a> 27 April 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haiti.org/president_of_haiti.htm">the original</a> on 27 April 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embassy+of+the+Republic+of+Haiti%2C+Washington+D.C.&rft.date=2006-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haiti.org%2Fpresident_of_haiti.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://accf-francophonie.org/cour-de-cassation-dhaiti-nouveau-president/">"Cour de cassation d'Haïti : nouveau Président"</a>. <i>Association des Cours Constitutionnelles Francophones</i> (in French). 16 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Association+des+Cours+Constitutionnelles+Francophones&rft.atitle=Cour+de+cassation+d%27Ha%C3%AFti+%3A+nouveau+Pr%C3%A9sident&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faccf-francophonie.org%2Fcour-de-cassation-dhaiti-nouveau-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lenouvelliste.com/article/166192/me-anel-alexis-joseph-est-parti">"Me Anel Alexis Joseph est parti…"</a>. <i>Le Nouvelliste</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Nouvelliste&rft.atitle=Me+Anel+Alexis+Joseph+est+parti%E2%80%A6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flenouvelliste.com%2Farticle%2F166192%2Fme-anel-alexis-joseph-est-parti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nouvelliste-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nouvelliste_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nouvelliste_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadet2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cadet, Ruth (1 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lenouvelliste.com/article/197818/rene-sylvestre-prend-les-renes-de-la-cour-de-cassation-et-du-cspj">"René Sylvestre prend les rênes de la Cour de Cassation et du CSPJ"</a>. <i>Le Nouvelliste</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Nouvelliste&rft.atitle=Ren%C3%A9+Sylvestre+prend+les+r%C3%AAnes+de+la+Cour+de+Cassation+et+du+CSPJ&rft.date=2019-02-01&rft.aulast=Cadet&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flenouvelliste.com%2Farticle%2F197818%2Frene-sylvestre-prend-les-renes-de-la-cour-de-cassation-et-du-cspj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lenouvelliste.com/article/239127/jean-joseph-lebrun-prete-serment-comme-nouveau-president-de-la-cour-de-cassation">"Jean Joseph Lebrun prête serment comme nouveau président de la Cour de cassation"</a>. <i>Le Nouvelliste</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Nouvelliste&rft.atitle=Jean+Joseph+Lebrun+pr%C3%AAte+serment+comme+nouveau+pr%C3%A9sident+de+la+Cour+de+cassation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flenouvelliste.com%2Farticle%2F239127%2Fjean-joseph-lebrun-prete-serment-comme-nouveau-president-de-la-cour-de-cassation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Court+of+Haiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Supreme_Courts_of_the_Americas318" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Supreme Courts of the 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href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supreme Court of Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supreme Court of Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supreme Court of Guyana (page does not exist)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Honduras" title="Supreme Court of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supreme Court of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supreme Court of Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Uruguay" title="Supreme Court of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supreme Court of North America (page does not exist)">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Central_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supreme Court of Central America (page does not exist)">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_the_Caribbean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supreme Court of the Caribbean (page does not exist)">Caribbean</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supreme Court of South America (page does not exist)">South America</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2010_Haiti_earthquake571" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Template:2010 Haiti earthquake"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Template talk:2010 Haiti earthquake"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2010 Haiti earthquake"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2010_Haiti_earthquake571" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 Haiti earthquake</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_response_to_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Humanitarian response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake">Humanitarian response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_relief_efforts_after_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Haiti earthquake">Relief efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Casualties of the 2010 Haiti earthquake">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damage_to_infrastructure_in_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake">Damaged infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Haitian_cholera_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Haitian cholera outbreak">Cholera outbreak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_affected_by_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="List of populated places affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake">Affected areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enriquillo-Plantain_Garden_fault_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone">Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouest_(department)" title="Ouest (department)">Ouest</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince_Arrondissement" title="Port-au-Prince Arrondissement">Port-au-Prince Arrondissement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bel_Air,_Haiti" title="Bel Air, Haiti">Bel Air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrefour,_Haiti" title="Carrefour, Haiti">Carrefour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_Soleil" title="Cité Soleil">Cité Soleil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gressier" title="Gressier">Gressier</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tion-Ville" title="Pétion-Ville">Pétion-Ville</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9og%C3%A2ne_Arrondissement" title="Léogâne Arrondissement">Léogâne Arrondissement</a> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9og%C3%A2ne" title="Léogâne">Léogâne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand-Go%C3%A2ve" title="Grand-Goâve">Grand-Goâve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petit-Go%C3%A2ve" title="Petit-Goâve">Petit-Goâve</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sud-Est_(department)" title="Sud-Est (department)">Sud-Est</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacmel_Arrondissement" title="Jacmel Arrondissement">Jacmel Arrondissement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacmel" title="Jacmel">Jacmel</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_response_to_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Humanitarian response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake">Humanitarian response</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_response_by_national_governments_to_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake">National governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_response_by_non-governmental_organizations_to_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="Humanitarian response by non-governmental organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake">NGOs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_response_by_for-profit_organizations_to_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarian response by for-profit organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake">For-profit organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MINUSTAH" class="mw-redirect" title="MINUSTAH">MINUSTAH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aid operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unified_Response" title="Operation Unified Response">Unified Response (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hestia" title="Operation Hestia">Hestia (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_S%C3%A9isme_Haiti_2010" title="Opération Séisme Haiti 2010">Séisme Haiti (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operazione_White_Crane" title="Operazione White Crane">White Crane (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_Danbi" title="Task Force Danbi">Danbi (Republic of Korea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Hispaniola" title="Operación Hispaniola">Hispaniola (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1908" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1908">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1908</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Stabilization_Mission_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti">MINUSTAH</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Benefits and fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Canada_for_Haiti" title="Canada for Haiti">Canada for Haiti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ensemble_pour_Ha%C3%AFti" title="Ensemble pour Haïti">Ensemble pour Haïti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hope_for_Haiti_Now:_A_Global_Benefit_for_Earthquake_Relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief">Hope for Haiti Now</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hope_for_Haiti_Now_(album)" title="Hope for Haiti Now (album)">album</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_Open#Hit_for_Haiti_(17_January)" title="2010 Australian Open">Hit for Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Bush_Haiti_Fund" title="Clinton Bush Haiti Fund">Clinton Bush Haiti Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digicel_Haiti_Earthquake_Relief_Fund" title="Digicel Haiti Earthquake Relief Fund">Digicel Haiti Earthquake Relief Fund</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Everybody_Hurts#Helping_Haiti_charity_single" title="Everybody Hurts">Everybody Hurts</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_World_25_for_Haiti" title="We Are the World 25 for Haiti">We Are the World 25 for Haiti</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somos_El_Mundo_25_Por_Haiti" title="Somos El Mundo 25 Por Haiti">Somos El Mundo 25 Por Haiti</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Artists_for_Haiti" title="Young Artists for Haiti">Young Artists for Haiti</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Wavin%27_Flag" title="Wavin' Flag">Wavin' Flag</a>")</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Put_a_Spell_on_You#Shane_MacGowan_and_Friends_cover" title="I Put a Spell on You">I Put a Spell on You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_World_25_for_Haiti_(YouTube_edition)" title="We Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube edition)">We Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube edition)</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Download_to_Donate_for_Haiti" title="Download to Donate for Haiti">Download to Donate for Haiti</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Haiti_articles552" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Haiti_topics" title="Template:Haiti topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Haiti_topics" title="Template talk:Haiti topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Haiti_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Haiti topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Haiti_articles552" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Haiti-related_articles" title="Index of Haiti-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti" title="History of Haiti">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Haitian_history" title="Timeline of Haitian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_of_Hispaniola" title="Chiefdoms of Hispaniola">Taíno chiefdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Captaincy General of Santo Domingo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Santo_Domingo" title="List of colonial governors of Santo Domingo">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Maroons" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Maroons">Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Ryswick" title="Peace of Ryswick">Peace of Ryswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Saint-Domingue" title="List of colonial governors of Saint-Domingue">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Haiti" title="Slavery in Haiti">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeune_Case" title="Le Jeune Case">Le Jeune Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_Haiti_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="1804 Haiti massacre">1804 massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">First Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Haiti" title="State of Haiti">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Haiti" title="Kingdom of Haiti">Kingdom</a></li> <li>Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1806%E2%80%931820)" title="Republic of Haiti (1806–1820)">1806–1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1820%E2%80%931849)" title="Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)">1820–1849</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_occupation_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo">Unification of Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1859%E2%80%931957)" title="Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)">Post-imperial Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">U.S. occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvalier_family" title="Duvalier family">Duvalier family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Duvalier_protest_movement" title="Anti-Duvalier protest movement">Anti-Duvalier protest movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Haitian coup d'état">1991 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2004 Haitian coup d'état">2004 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_Haiti_cholera_outbreak" title="2010s Haiti cholera outbreak">2010s cholera outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Matthew_in_Haiti" title="Effects of Hurricane Matthew in Haiti">Hurricane Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Haitian crisis (2018–present)">Crisis (2018–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_war_in_Haiti" title="Gang war in Haiti">Gang war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Haitian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Haitian crisis">2022 crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Haiti_earthquake" title="2021 Haiti earthquake">2021 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Haiti" title="List of massacres in Haiti">List of massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revolutions_and_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_Haiti" title="List of revolutions and coups d'état in Haiti">List of revolutions and coups d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Haiti" title="Geography of Haiti">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Haiti" title="Administrative divisions of Haiti">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Haiti" title="Arrondissements of Haiti">Arrondissements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Haiti_border" title="Dominican Republic–Haiti border">Border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Haiti" title="List of cities in Haiti">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Haiti" title="Deforestation in Haiti">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Haiti" title="Departments of Haiti">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Haiti" title="List of earthquakes in Haiti">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Haiti" title="Environment of Haiti">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Haiti" title="List of islands of Haiti">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Haiti" title="List of national parks of Haiti">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Haiti" title="List of rivers of Haiti">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Haiti" title="Wildlife of Haiti">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Caribbean">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Haiti" title="Politics of Haiti">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Haiti" title="Constitution of Haiti">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Haiti" title="Elections in Haiti">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Haiti" title="Foreign relations of Haiti">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Haiti" title="Government of Haiti">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Haiti" title="Human rights in Haiti">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Haiti">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Haiti" title="Law enforcement in Haiti">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Haiti" title="Armed Forces of Haiti">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders-in-chief_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Haiti" title="List of commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti">Commanders-in-chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Haiti)" title="National Assembly (Haiti)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Haiti)" title="Senate (Haiti)">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Haiti)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Haiti)">Chamber of Deputies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Haiti">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Haiti" title="President of Haiti">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Haiti" title="List of heads of state of Haiti">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Haiti" title="Prime Minister of Haiti">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Haiti" title="List of prime ministers of Haiti">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haiti" title="Economy of Haiti">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Haiti" title="Agriculture in Haiti">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Haiti" title="Bank of the Republic of Haiti">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_debt_of_Haiti" title="External debt of Haiti">External debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Haiti" title="Foreign aid to Haiti">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_gourde" title="Haitian gourde">Gourde <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Haiti" title="Poverty in Haiti">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Haiti" title="Telecommunications in Haiti">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Haiti" title="Tourism in Haiti">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Haiti" title="Transport in Haiti">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Haiti" title="Category:Society of Haiti">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Haiti" title="Crime in Haiti">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Haiti" title="Demographics of Haiti">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Haiti" title="Education in Haiti">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Haiti" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Haiti">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Haiti" title="Health in Haiti">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Haitians" title="List of Haitians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Haiti" title="Social class in Haiti">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Haiti" title="Squatting in Haiti">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Haiti" title="Water supply and sanitation in Haiti">Water and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Haiti" title="Culture of Haiti">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti" title="Coat of arms of Haiti">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadelle_Laferri%C3%A8re" title="Citadelle Laferrière">Citadelle Laferrière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Haiti" title="Flag of Haiti">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Haiti">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_French" title="Haitian French">Haitian French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_literature" title="Haitian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Haiti" title="Mass media in Haiti">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_mythology" title="Haitian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Dessalinienne" title="La Dessalinienne">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sans-Souci_Palace" title="Sans-Souci Palace">Sans-Souci Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Haiti" title="Public holidays in Haiti">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Haiti" title="Television in Haiti">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Marron_Inconnu" title="Le Marron Inconnu">The Unknown Maroon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Haiti" title="Outline of Haiti">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Haiti-related_articles" title="Index of Haiti-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Haiti" title="Category:Haiti">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Haiti" title="Portal:Haiti">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Haiti&oldid=1269727384">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_Haiti&oldid=1269727384</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Haiti" title="Category:Politics of Haiti">Politics of Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_supreme_courts" title="Category:National supreme courts">National supreme courts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Port-au-Prince" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Port-au-Prince">Buildings and structures in Port-au-Prince</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_buildings_in_Haiti" title="Category:Government buildings in Haiti">Government buildings in Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1817_establishments_in_Haiti" title="Category:1817 establishments in Haiti">1817 establishments in Haiti</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_accuracy_disputes" title="Category:All accuracy disputes">All accuracy disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accuracy_disputes_from_April_2020" title="Category:Accuracy disputes from April 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