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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Folklore of the people of Haiti</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Haitian_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Haitian mythology">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Haitian+mythology%22">"Haitian mythology"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Haitian+mythology%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Haitian+mythology%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Haitian+mythology%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Haitian+mythology%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Haitian+mythology%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Haitian mythology</b> consists of many folklore stories from different time periods, involving sacred dance and deities, all the way to Vodou. <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretic mixture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> rituals developed during the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial period</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional African religion">traditional African beliefs</a>, with roots in <a href="/wiki/Dahomey_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahomey mythology">Dahomey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoruba mythology">Yoruba</a> traditions, and folkloric influence from the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Taíno people">Taino</a> peoples of <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Lwa" title="Lwa">lwa</a>, or spirits with whom Vodou adherents work and practice, are not gods but servants of the Supreme Creator Bondye (pronounced Bon Dieu). A lot of the <a href="/wiki/Lwa" title="Lwa">Iwa</a> identities come from deities formed in the West African traditional regions, especially the <a href="/wiki/Fon_people" title="Fon people">Fon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In keeping with the French-Catholic influence of the faith, Vodou practioneers are for the most part monotheists, believing that the lwa are great and powerful forces in the world with whom humans interact and vice versa, resulting in a symbiotic relationship intended to bring both humans and the lwa back to Bondye. "Vodou is a religious practice, a faith that points toward an intimate knowledge of God, and offers its practitioners a means to come into communion with the Divine, through an ever evolving paradigm of dance, song and prayers."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_origins_of_Voodooism_in_Haiti">History and origins of Voodooism in Haiti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_mythology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and origins of Voodooism in Haiti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a></div> <p>Vodou originated from the <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animist</a> beliefs of the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba tribes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voodoo_Ceremony_in_Abomey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Voodoo_Ceremony_in_Abomey.jpg/250px-Voodoo_Ceremony_in_Abomey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Voodoo_Ceremony_in_Abomey.jpg/330px-Voodoo_Ceremony_in_Abomey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Voodoo_Ceremony_in_Abomey.jpg/500px-Voodoo_Ceremony_in_Abomey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Voodoo Ritual</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/West_African_Vodun" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Vodun">Voudon</a> encapsulates an assortment of cultural elements, including personal creeds and practices, among which is a complex system of folk medical <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">practices</a>. Voudon to some is more than a belief but a way of life, upon which popular proverbs, stories, songs, and folklore are based around.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voudon teaches belief in a supreme being called Bondye, an unknowable and uninvolved created god.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voudon believers worship the lwa. There are in total 180 lwa in the Vodou religion, each of them carrying a name and, a specific and exclusive function. For instance, <i><a href="/wiki/Gede_(Haitian_Vodou)" title="Gede (Haitian Vodou)">Gede</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are the spirit of life and death who is assigned to separate the souls and bodies of people when the time comes and also to watch over their graveyards. <a href="/wiki/Gede_(Haitian_Vodou)" title="Gede (Haitian Vodou)">Gede</a> also serve the role of connecting the past, present, and future, as well as amalgamating them into one reality. </p><p>Mythology in Haiti was used not only for politics but also for the revolution. Myths like: <i>L'Union Fait La Force</i> (Togetherness is Strength), is a story about slaves who rose up on August 22, 1791, in a heroic battle to win their freedom, and is a story about solidarity between two different groups of people to get freedom for the collective.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mythical symbols of Voudon and the tradition of the shifting from chaos to collectivity known as the religion of Vodou play a big role in the forming of Haitian mythology.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, individuals referred to as <i>Alchemists of Memory</i> are the keepers of Vodou history and Haitian mythology, preserving the stories told by their ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_mythology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People">People</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_mythology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokor" title="Bokor">Bokor</a> - The male equivalent of a Vodou witch. They are said to serve the lwa with "both hands" meaning they are practicing for good and evil.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(Vodou)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mambo (Vodou)">Mambo</a> - Haitian priestess who, together with the Houngan, leads the Vodou rituals and invokes the lwa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti_Malice_and_Bouki" title="Ti Malice and Bouki">Ti Malice and Tonton Bouki</a> - A pair of competing tricksters.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creatures">Creatures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_mythology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Creatures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gede_(Haitian_Vodou)" title="Gede (Haitian Vodou)">Gede</a> - family of spirits related to death and fertility.</li> <li>Kalunderik - A giant bird with brilliant feathers, originally from Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lwa" title="Lwa">Lwa</a> - Haitian Vodou spirit.</li> <li>Tonton Macoute, a Haitian mythological phrase meaning "bogey man" (literally: "Uncle <a href="/wiki/Sack_Man" title="Sack Man">Bagman</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">Mermaid</a> - A creature with the upper body of a woman (sometimes man) and the lower body of a <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>-like creature. Mermaids are known to lure children to the ocean to take them to their homes and teach them dark magic, or drown them.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_lwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Petro lwa">Petro</a> - aggressive and warlike family of spirits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rada_lwa" title="Rada lwa">Rada</a> - old, benefic family of spirits.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a> - A reanimated body without a soul meant to complete or perform tasks by a <a href="/wiki/Bokor" title="Bokor">Bokor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lwa_Vodou_Spirits">Lwa Vodou Spirits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_mythology&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lwa Vodou Spirits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lwa#List" title="Lwa">Lwa § List</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjassou-Linguetor" title="Adjassou-Linguetor">Adjassou-Linguetor</a> – Haitian lwa in the form of spring water (goddess).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adya_Houn%27t%C3%B2" title="Adya Houn'tò">Adya Houn’tò</a> – Haitian lwa of the drums.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agassou" title="Agassou">Agassou</a> – Haitian lwa which guards the Dahomean traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azaka-Tonnerre" title="Azaka-Tonnerre">Azaka-Tonnerre</a> – Haitian god of thunder, agriculture and farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badessy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badessy (page does not exist)">Badessy</a> – Haitian god of the sky.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_La_Croix" title="Baron La Croix">Baron La Croix</a> – lwa of the dead and sexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Samedi" title="Baron Samedi">Baron Samedi</a> – lwa of the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damballa" title="Damballa">Damballa</a> – father of the lwa and humankind.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diable_Tonnere" title="Diable Tonnere">Diable Tonnere</a> – Haitian god of thunder.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinclinsin" title="Dinclinsin">Dinclinsin</a> – Haitian vodou deity feared for his severity.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezili_Dantor" title="Ezili Dantor">Erzulie Dantor</a> – Haitian vodou goddess of wealth, vengeance, and protection.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cbatala" title="Ọbatala">Obatala</a> – yoruba creator god.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogun" title="Ogun">Ogoun</a> – Haitian vodou god of fire, iron, politics, thunder and war.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshun" title="Oshun">Oshun</a> – yoruba goddess of love, also Erzulie Freda (in Vodou).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cya" title="Ọya">Oya</a> – yoruba warrior goddess.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Legba" title="Papa Legba">Papa Legba</a> – intermediary between the lwa and humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_notions">Related notions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_mythology&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Related notions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Asagwe - Haitian Vodou dancing used to honor the <a href="/wiki/Lwa" title="Lwa">lwa</a>.</li> <li>Lakou - the central location for worship.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyphostemma_mappia" title="Cyphostemma mappia">Mapou tree</a>- A sacred tree that is considered the link between the spirit world and earth. Avalou - ("supplication") Haitian Vodou dance.</li> <li>Coco macaque - Haitian Vodou implement. It is a stick, which is supposed to be able to walk on its own. The owner of a coco macaque can send it on errands. If it is used to hit an enemy, the enemy will die before the dawn.</li> <li>Gangan, <a href="/wiki/Houngan" class="mw-redirect" title="Houngan">Houngan</a> - Haitian priests. They lead the peoples in dancing, drumming, and singing to invoke the lwa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gede_(Haitian_Vodou)" title="Gede (Haitian Vodou)">Gede</a> - family of spirits related to death and fertility.</li> <li>Guinee - Haitian afterlife. It is also where life began and the home of their spirits.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paquet_congo" title="Paquet congo">Paquet congo</a> - charms made of organic matter wrapped in cloth, intended to rouse the lwa.</li> <li>Ville au Camp - ("House in the Fields") the underwater capital of the lwa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_mythology&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Haiti" title="Culture of Haiti">Culture of Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Religion in Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veve" title="Veve">Veve</a>, a religious symbol commonly used in Vodou and <a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_mythology&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVye_Zo_Komande_LaMenfo2011" class="citation book cs1">Vye Zo Komande LaMenfo, Mambo (2011). <i>Serving the Spirits: The Religion of Vodou</i>. United States: Mambo Vye Zo Komande LaMenfo. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0615535241" title="Special:BookSources/978-0615535241"><bdi>978-0615535241</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serving+the+Spirits%3A+The+Religion+of+Vodou&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Mambo+Vye+Zo+Komande+LaMenfo&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0615535241&rft.aulast=Vye+Zo+Komande+LaMenfo&rft.aufirst=Mambo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeber2018" class="citation journal cs1">Weber, A. S. (December 2018). "Haitian Vodou and Ecotheology". <i>Ecumenical Review</i>. <b>70</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">679–</span>694. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Ferev.12393">10.1111/erev.12393</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151028156">151028156</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecumenical+Review&rft.atitle=Haitian+Vodou+and+Ecotheology&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E679-%3C%2Fspan%3E694&rft.date=2018-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Ferev.12393&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151028156%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=A.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indigenouspeoplenet.wordpress.com/2022/10/12/mythologies-of-haiti/">"MYTHOLOGIES OF HAITI"</a>. <i>Indigenous Peoples Literature</i>. 2022-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Recombinant Mythology and the Alchemy of Memory: Occide Jeanty, Ogou, and Jean-Jacques Dessalines in Haiti". <i>Journal of American Folklore</i>. <b>118</b> (469): <span class="nowrap">327–</span>353. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4137917">10.2307/4137917</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4137917">4137917</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/3030890449">3030890449</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Folklore&rft.atitle=Recombinant+Mythology+and+the+Alchemy+of+Memory%3A+Occide+Jeanty%2C+Ogou%2C+and+Jean-Jacques+Dessalines+in+Haiti&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=469&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E327-%3C%2Fspan%3E353&rft.date=2005-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4137917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4137917%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Largey&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLouis1999" class="citation journal cs1">Louis, Liliane (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216034940">"When Night Falls, Kric! Krac!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9798216034940">10.5040/9798216034940</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=When+Night+Falls%2C+Kric%21+Krac%21&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5040%2F9798216034940&rft.aulast=Louis&rft.aufirst=Liliane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5040%2F9798216034940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+mythology" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGandhi2013" class="citation web cs1">Gandhi, Lakshmi (December 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/12/13/250844800/zoinks-tracing-the-history-of-zombie-from-haiti-to-the-cdc">"Zoinks! Tracing The History Of 'Zombie' From Haiti To The CDC"</a>. <i>npr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=npr&rft.atitle=Zoinks%21+Tracing+The+History+Of+%27Zombie%27+From+Haiti+To+The+CDC&rft.date=2013-12-15&rft.aulast=Gandhi&rft.aufirst=Lakshmi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fcodeswitch%2F2013%2F12%2F13%2F250844800%2Fzoinks-tracing-the-history-of-zombie-from-haiti-to-the-cdc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_mythology&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060516165730/http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/voodoo/biglist.htm">List of Vodou Loa</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haitian_mythology&oldid=1283208558">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haitian_mythology&oldid=1283208558</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Haitian_mythology" title="Category:Haitian mythology">Haitian mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Haiti" title="Category:Culture of Haiti">Culture of Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caribbean_mythology" title="Category:Caribbean mythology">Caribbean mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Haitian_Vodou" title="Category:Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Haiti" title="Category:Religion in Haiti">Religion in Haiti</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2014" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2014">Articles needing additional references from September 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 March 2025, at 02:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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