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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="جان هانزون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان هانزون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hanson_(politik)" title="John Hanson (politik) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Hanson (politik)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hanson_(Politiker,_1715)" title="John Hanson (Politiker, 1715) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Hanson (Politiker, 1715)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hanson" title="John Hanson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Hanson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جان هانسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان هانسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hanson_(1721-1783)" title="John Hanson (1721-1783) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Hanson (1721-1783)" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American Founding Father and merchant (1721–1783)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named John Hanson, see <a href="/wiki/John_Hanson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="John Hanson (disambiguation)">John Hanson (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">John Hanson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Hanson_Portrait_1770.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/John_Hanson_Portrait_1770.jpg/220px-John_Hanson_Portrait_1770.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/John_Hanson_Portrait_1770.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="350" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait of Hanson attributed to <a href="/wiki/John_Hesselius" title="John Hesselius">John Hesselius</a>, c. late 1760s</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Confederation_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Confederation Congress">President of the Confederation Congress</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 5, 1781 – November 3, 1782</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a> <small>(as 8th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">President of the Continental Congress</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elias_Boudinot" title="Elias Boudinot">Elias Boudinot</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1721-04-14</span>)</span>April 14, 1721<br />near <a href="/wiki/Port_Tobacco" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Tobacco">Port Tobacco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Province of Maryland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 15, 1783<span style="display:none">(1783-11-15)</span> (aged 62)<br />Oxon Hill, <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George's County, Maryland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Jane Contee</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">8, including <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Contee_Hanson,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Contee Hanson, Sr.">Alexander</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Samuel Hanson<br />Elizabeth Storey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Merchant, politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Hanson_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Hanson's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/John_Hanson_Signature.svg/128px-John_Hanson_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/John_Hanson_Signature.svg/192px-John_Hanson_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/John_Hanson_Signature.svg/256px-John_Hanson_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="54" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Hanson</b> (April 14 [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> April 3] 1721 – November 15, 1783) was an <a href="/wiki/Founding_Father_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding Father of the United States">American Founding Father</a>, merchant, and politician from <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">Revolutionary Era</a>. In 1779, Hanson was elected as a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> after serving in a variety of roles for the <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriot</a> cause in Maryland. He signed the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> in 1781 after Maryland joined the other states in ratifying them. In November 1781, following <a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">ratification</a> of the articles, he was elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">President of the Confederation Congress</a>—a mostly ceremonial and clerical position, sometimes styled <i>President of the United States in Congress assembled</i>—by his fellow delegates. </p><p>He was not the first person to hold the office. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a> had each preceded him under the Articles of Confederation, as had five other men as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">President of the Continental Congress</a> before ratification. Some Hanson descendants and biographers have falsely claimed that he was actually the first holder of the office of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>, an unrelated executive position created in 1789 by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hanson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hanson was born in <a href="/wiki/Port_Tobacco_Village,_Maryland" title="Port Tobacco Village, Maryland">Port Tobacco Parish</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charles_County,_Maryland" title="Charles County, Maryland">Charles County</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Province of Maryland</a> on April 14, 1721. Sources published prior to a 1940 genealogical study<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewman1970_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewman1970-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sometimes listed his birth date as April 13<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMereness1932_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMereness1932-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or his year of birth as 1715.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanson1876125_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson1876125-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanson was born on a <a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">plantation</a> called "Mulberry Grove" into a wealthy and prominent family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976113_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976113-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hanson Family was of English descent.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (March 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> His parents were Samuel (c. 1685–1740) and Elizabeth (Storey) Hanson (c. 1688–1764).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samuel Hanson was a <a href="/wiki/Planter_class" title="Planter class">planter</a> who owned more than 1,000 acres (4.0 km<sup>2</sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and held a variety of political offices, including serving two terms in the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">Maryland General Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMereness1932_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMereness1932-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hanson's grandfather, also named John, came to Charles County, Maryland, as an <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured servant</a> around 1661.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinquistRousselow-Winquist200624–25_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinquistRousselow-Winquist200624–25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1876, a writer named George Hanson placed Hanson in his family tree of Swedish-Americans descended from four Swedish brothers who emigrated to <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> in 1642.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinquistRousselow-Winquist200624–25_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinquistRousselow-Winquist200624–25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanson1876127_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson1876127-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This story was often repeated over the next century, but scholarly research in the late 20th century showed that Hanson was not related to those Swedish-American Hansons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinquistRousselow-Winquist200624–25_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinquistRousselow-Winquist200624–25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussel1988_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussel1988-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Little is known about Hanson's early life; he was presumably privately tutored as was customary among the wealthy of his time and place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976114_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976114-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He followed his father's path as a planter, slave owner, and public official. He was often referred to as <i>John Hanson, Jr.</i>, to distinguish him from an older man of the same name.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hanson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hanson's career in public service began in 1750, when he was appointed sheriff of Charles County.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1757, he was elected to represent Charles County in the lower house of the Maryland General Assembly, where he served for twelve years, sitting on many important committees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maryland was a <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_colony" title="Proprietary colony">proprietary colony</a>, and Hanson aligned himself with the "popular" or "country" party, which opposed any expansion of the power of the proprietary governors at the expense of the popularly elected lower house. He was a leading opponent of the <a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765" title="Stamp Act 1765">1765 Stamp Act</a>, chairing the committee that drafted the instructions for Maryland's delegates to the <a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a>. In protest of the <a href="/wiki/Townshend_Acts" title="Townshend Acts">Townshend Acts</a>, in 1769 Hanson was one of the signers of a non-importation resolution that boycotted British imports until the acts were repealed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanson,_John_(bust),_1871_-_NARA_-_518070.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hanson%2C_John_%28bust%29%2C_1871_-_NARA_-_518070.jpg/220px-Hanson%2C_John_%28bust%29%2C_1871_-_NARA_-_518070.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hanson%2C_John_%28bust%29%2C_1871_-_NARA_-_518070.jpg/330px-Hanson%2C_John_%28bust%29%2C_1871_-_NARA_-_518070.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hanson%2C_John_%28bust%29%2C_1871_-_NARA_-_518070.jpg/440px-Hanson%2C_John_%28bust%29%2C_1871_-_NARA_-_518070.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1894" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Etching of Hanson based on a portrait by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Willson_Peale" title="Charles Willson Peale">Charles Willson Peale</a> that was painted from life in 1781–1782<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFanelliDiethorn2001158_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFanelliDiethorn2001158-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Hanson changed course in 1769, apparently to better pursue his business interests. He resigned from the General Assembly, sold his land in Charles County, and moved to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Maryland" title="Frederick County, Maryland">Frederick County</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Maryland" title="Western Maryland">western Maryland</a>. There he held a variety of offices, including deputy surveyor, sheriff, and county treasurer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When relations between <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and the colonies became a crisis in 1774, Hanson became one of Frederick County's leading <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriots</a>. He chaired a town meeting that passed a resolution opposing the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Port_Act" title="Boston Port Act">Boston Port Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1775, he was a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1774%E2%80%931776)" title="Annapolis Convention (1774–1776)">Maryland Convention</a>, an extralegal body convened after the colonial assembly had been <a href="/wiki/Legislative_session#Procedure_in_Commonwealth_realms" title="Legislative session">prorogued</a>. With the other delegates, he signed the Association of Freemen on July 26, 1775, which expressed hope for reconciliation with Great Britain but also called for military resistance to the enforcement of the <a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">Coercive Acts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMereness1932_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMereness1932-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With hostilities underway, Hanson chaired the Frederick County <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_safety_(American_Revolution)" title="Committee of safety (American Revolution)">Committee of Observation</a>, part of the Patriot organization that assumed control of local governance. Responsible for recruiting and arming soldiers, Hanson proved to be an excellent organizer, and Frederick County sent the first southern troops to join <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>'s army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976121_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976121-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because funds were scarce, Hanson frequently paid soldiers and others with his own money.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976122_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976122-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1776, Hanson chaired the Frederick County meeting that urged provincial leaders in Annapolis to instruct Maryland's delegates in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> to declare independence from Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976124_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976124-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Congress worked on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>, Hanson was in Frederick County "making gunlocks, storing powder, guarding prisoners, raising money and troops, dealing with Tories, and doing the myriad other tasks which went with being chairman of the committee of observation".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976124_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976124-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hanson was elected to the newly reformed <a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a> in 1777, the first of five annual terms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1779, the House of Delegates named Hanson as a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a>; he began serving in Congress in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> in June 1780.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976127-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Hanson came to Philadelphia with the reputation of having been the leading financier of the revolution in western Maryland, and soon he was a member of several committees dealing with finance."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976127-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Hanson was elected to Congress, Maryland was holding up the ratification of the Articles of Confederation. The state, which did not have any claims on western land, refused to ratify the Articles until the other states had ceded their western land claims.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976126–27_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976126–27-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the other states finally did so, the Maryland legislature decided in January 1781 to ratify the Articles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976127-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Congress received notice of this, Hanson joined <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carroll" title="Daniel Carroll">Daniel Carroll</a> in signing the Articles of Confederation on behalf of Maryland on March 1, 1781. With Maryland's endorsement, the Articles officially went into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976127-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many years later, some Hanson biographers claimed that Hanson had been instrumental in arranging the compromise and thus securing ratification of the Articles, but according to historian Ralph Levering, there is no documentary evidence of Hanson's opinions or actions in resolving the controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976127-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1782, Hanson proclaimed on behalf of the Continental Congress for a <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)#Thanksgiving_proclamations_in_the_early_Republic" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">day of "Solemn Thanksgiving"</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_of_Congress">President of Congress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hanson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: President of Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Hanson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale,_circa_1781.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/John_Hanson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale%2C_circa_1781.jpg/220px-John_Hanson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale%2C_circa_1781.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/John_Hanson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale%2C_circa_1781.jpg/330px-John_Hanson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale%2C_circa_1781.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/John_Hanson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale%2C_circa_1781.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>John Hanson, portrait from life painted by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilson_Peale" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Wilson Peale">Charles Wilson Peale</a> in 1781–1782</figcaption></figure> <p>On November 5, 1781, Congress elected Hanson as its president. Under the Articles of Confederation, both legislative and executive government were vested in the Congress (as it was and still is in Britain); the presidency of Congress was a mostly ceremonial position, but the office did require Hanson to serve as neutral <a href="/wiki/Discussion_moderator" title="Discussion moderator">discussion moderator</a>, handle official correspondence, and sign documents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson199476–80_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson199476–80-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanson found the work tedious and considered resigning after just one week, citing his poor health and family responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colleagues urged him to remain because Congress at that moment lacked a <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a> to choose a successor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Out of a sense of duty, Hanson remained in office,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976130_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976130-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although his term as a delegate to Congress was nearly expired. The Maryland Assembly re-elected him as a delegate on November 28, 1781, and so Hanson continued to serve as president until November 4, 1782.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Articles of Confederation stipulated that presidents of Congress serve one-year terms, and Hanson became the first to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941524_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941524-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders193024_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders193024-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contrary to the claims of some of his later advocates, however, he was not the first president to serve under the Articles nor the first to be elected under the Articles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1987677_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1987677-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Articles went into effect in March 1781, Congress did not bother to elect a new president; instead, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a> continued serving a term that had already exceeded a year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941503_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941503-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 9, 1781, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnston" title="Samuel Johnston">Samuel Johnston</a> became the first man to be elected as president of Congress after the ratification of the Articles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders193021_n73_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders193021_n73-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He declined the office, however, perhaps to make himself available for North Carolina's gubernatorial election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders193021_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders193021-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Johnston turned down the office, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a> was elected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders193020_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders193020-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941503_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941503-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McKean served just a few months, resigning in October 1781 after hearing news of the British <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown_(1781)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Yorktown (1781)">surrender at Yorktown</a>. Congress asked him to remain in office until November, when a new session of Congress was scheduled to begin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941524_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941524-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was in that session that Hanson began to serve his one-year term. A highlight of Hanson's term was when <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> presented <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis's</a> sword to Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976128–29_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976128–29-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hanson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hanson retired from public office after his one-year term as president of Congress. In poor health, he died on November 15, 1783,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while visiting <a href="/wiki/Oxon_Hill_Manor" title="Oxon Hill Manor">Oxon Hill Manor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George's County, Maryland</a>, the plantation of his nephew <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hawkins_Hanson" title="Thomas Hawkins Hanson">Thomas Hawkins Hanson</a>. He was buried there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanson owned at least 223 acres of land and 11 slaves at the time of his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hanson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 1744, he married Jane Contee (1728–1812), daughter of Alexander Contee (1692–1740). They had eight children, including:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Jane Contee Hanson (1747–1781), who married Philip Thomas (1747–1815)</li> <li>Peter Contee Hanson (1748–1776),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who died in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington" title="Battle of Fort Washington">battle of Fort Washington</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Contee_Hanson_Sr." title="Alexander Contee Hanson Sr.">Alexander Contee Hanson Sr.</a> (1749–1806), who was a notable essayist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney2000_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney2000-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander Hanson is sometimes confused with his son, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Contee_Hanson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Contee Hanson">Alexander Contee Hanson, Jr.</a> (1786–1819), who became a newspaper editor and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hanson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hansonnshc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Hansonnshc.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="400" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Hanson" title="Statue of John Hanson">bronze statue of Hanson</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall_Collection" title="National Statuary Hall Collection">National Statuary Hall Collection</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1898, Douglas H. Thomas, a descendant of Hanson, wrote a biography promoting Hanson as the first true President of the United States. Thomas became the "driving force"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmory1975_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmory1975-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> behind the selection of Hanson as one of the two people who would represent Maryland in the <a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall_Collection" title="National Statuary Hall Collection">National Statuary Hall Collection</a> in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmory1975_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmory1975-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanson was not initially on the shortlist for consideration, but he was chosen after lobbying by the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Center_for_History_and_Culture" title="Maryland Center for History and Culture">Maryland Historical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDu_Lac2011_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDu_Lac2011-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1903, <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_Hanson" title="Statue of John Hanson">bronze statues of Hanson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Charles Carroll</a> by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Brooks" title="Richard E. Brooks">Richard E. Brooks</a> were added to Statuary Hall; Hanson's is currently located on the 2nd floor of the Senate connecting corridor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStatuary_Hall2013_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatuary_Hall2013-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small versions of these two statues (<a href="/wiki/Maquette" title="Maquette">maquettes</a>) sit on the president's desk in the Senate Chamber of the Maryland State House.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEState_House2007_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEState_House2007-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some historians have questioned the appropriateness of Hanson's selection for the honor of representing Maryland in Statuary Hall. According to historian Gregory Stiverson, Hanson was not one of Maryland's foremost leaders of the Revolutionary era.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, historian Ralph Levering said that "Hanson shouldn't have been one of the two Marylanders" chosen,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmory1975_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmory1975-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he wrote that Hanson "probably contributed as much as any other Marylander to the success of the American Revolution".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976117_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976117-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 21st century, Maryland lawmakers have considered replacing Hanson's statue in Statuary Hall with one of <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDu_Lac2011_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDu_Lac2011-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBykowicz2011_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBykowicz2011-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_hanson_memorial_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/John_hanson_memorial_2.JPG/220px-John_hanson_memorial_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/John_hanson_memorial_2.JPG/330px-John_hanson_memorial_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/John_hanson_memorial_2.JPG/440px-John_hanson_memorial_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>John Hanson National Memorial, located in front of the Frederick County Courthouse in Frederick, Maryland</figcaption></figure> <p>The idea that Hanson was the forgotten first president of the United States was further promoted in a 1932 biography of Hanson by journalist Seymour Wemyss Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith's book asserts that the American Revolution had two primary leaders: George Washington on the battlefield and John Hanson in politics.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith's book, like Douglas H. Thomas's 1898 book, was one of a number of biographies written seeking to promote Hanson as the "first President of the United States".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_n53_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_n53-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding the opinion, historian Ralph Levering stated: "They're not biographies by professional historians; they aren't based on research into primary sources."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmory1975_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmory1975-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Morris" title="Richard B. Morris">Richard B. Morris</a>, if a president of Congress were to be called the <i>first</i> president of the United States, "a stronger case could be made for <a href="/wiki/Peyton_Randolph" title="Peyton Randolph">Peyton Randolph</a> of Virginia, the first president of the first and second Continental Congresses, or for <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a>, the president of Congress when that body declared its independence."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1987677_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1987677-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The claim that Hanson was a forgotten president of the United States was revived on the Internet, sometimes with a new assertion that he was actually a black man; an anachronistic photograph of Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Hanson_(Liberian_politician)" title="John Hanson (Liberian politician)">John Hanson of Liberia</a> has been used to support this claim.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, Hanson was depicted on a 6-cent U.S. <a href="/wiki/Postal_card" title="Postal card">postal card</a>, which featured his name and portrait next to the word "Patriot".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELidman1972_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELidman1972-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Irving_Brant" title="Irving Brant">Irving Brant</a> criticized the selection of Hanson for the card, arguing that it was a result of the "old hoax" promoting Hanson as the first president of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrant1972_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrant1972-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, Hanson was featured on a 20-cent <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_the_United_States" title="List of people on the postage stamps of the United States">U.S. postage stamp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArago2013_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArago2013-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. Route 50 between Washington, D.C., and Annapolis is named the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_50_in_Maryland" title="U.S. Route 50 in Maryland">John Hanson Highway</a> in his honor. There are also middle schools located in <a href="/wiki/Oxon_Hill,_Maryland" title="Oxon Hill, Maryland">Oxon Hill, Maryland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waldorf,_Maryland" title="Waldorf, Maryland">Waldorf, Maryland</a>, named after him. A former savings bank named for him was merged in the 1990s with Industrial Bank of Washington, D.C. </p><p>In the 1970s, a descendant of Hanson, John Hanson Briscoe, served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="List of speakers of the Maryland House of Delegates">Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates</a>, which passed "a measure establishing April 14 as John Hanson Day."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBykowicz2011_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBykowicz2011-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the John Hanson Memorial Association was incorporated in Frederick, Maryland, to create the John Hanson National Memorial and to educate Americans about Hanson as well as to educate people about the many myths written about him.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hanson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiverson2000_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStiverson2000">Stiverson 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewman1970-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewman1970_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewman1970">Newman 1970</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMereness1932-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMereness1932_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMereness1932_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMereness1932_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMereness1932">Mereness 1932</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson1876125-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanson1876125_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHanson1876">Hanson 1876</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976113-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976113_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevering1976">Levering 1976</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNewman1971" class="citation book cs1">Newman, Harry Wright (March 26, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8_WbVwd_HkUC&q=+hanson+ancestry+england%C2%A0"><i>Charles County Gentry: A Genealogical History of Six Emigrants - Thomas Dent, John Dent, Richard Edelen, John Hanson, George Newman, Humphrey Warren</i></a>. Genealogical Publishing Com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-0486-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-0486-1"><bdi>978-0-8063-0486-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+County+Gentry%3A+A+Genealogical+History+of+Six+Emigrants+-+Thomas+Dent%2C+John+Dent%2C+Richard+Edelen%2C+John+Hanson%2C+George+Newman%2C+Humphrey+Warren&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing+Com&rft.date=1971-03-26&rft.isbn=978-0-8063-0486-1&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Harry+Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8_WbVwd_HkUC%26q%3D%2Bhanson%2Bancestry%2Bengland%25C2%25A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPapenfuse1979_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPapenfuse1979">Papenfuse 1979</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinquistRousselow-Winquist200624–25-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinquistRousselow-Winquist200624–25_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinquistRousselow-Winquist200624–25_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinquistRousselow-Winquist200624–25_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWinquistRousselow-Winquist2006">Winquist & Rousselow-Winquist 2006</a>, pp. 24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson1876127-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanson1876127_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHanson1876">Hanson 1876</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERussel1988-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussel1988_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRussel1988">Russel 1988</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976114-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976114_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevering1976">Levering 1976</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fosterhistory.com/l/john-hanson2/">"John Hanson | FOSTER History & Collective Memory"</a>. <i>www.fosterhistory.com</i>. February 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fosterhistory.com&rft.atitle=John+Hanson+%7C+FOSTER+History+%26+Collective+Memory&rft.date=2021-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fosterhistory.com%2Fl%2Fjohn-hanson2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFanelliDiethorn2001158-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFanelliDiethorn2001158_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFanelliDiethorn2001">Fanelli & Diethorn 2001</a>, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976121-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976121_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevering1976">Levering 1976</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976122-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976122_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevering1976">Levering 1976</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976124-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976124_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976124_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevering1976">Levering 1976</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976127-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevering1976">Levering 1976</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976126–27-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976126–27_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevering1976">Levering 1976</a>, pp. 126–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson199476–80-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson199476–80_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson1994">Wilson 1994</a>, pp. 76–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976130-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976130_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevering1976">Levering 1976</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941524-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941524_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941524_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurnett1941">Burnett 1941</a>, p. 524.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders193024-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders193024_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1930">Sanders 1930</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1987677-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1987677_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1987677_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1987">Morris 1987</a>, p. 677.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941503-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941503_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnett1941503_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurnett1941">Burnett 1941</a>, p. 503.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders193021_n73-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders193021_n73_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1930">Sanders 1930</a>, p. 21 n73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders193021-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders193021_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1930">Sanders 1930</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders193020-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders193020_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1930">Sanders 1930</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976128–29-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976128–29_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevering1976">Levering 1976</a>, pp. 128–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney2000-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney2000_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaney2000">Chaney 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmory1975-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmory1975_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmory1975_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmory1975_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmory1975_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmory1975">Emory 1975</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDu_Lac2011-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDu_Lac2011_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDu_Lac2011_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDu_Lac2011">Du Lac 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatuary_Hall2013-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStatuary_Hall2013_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStatuary_Hall2013">Statuary Hall 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEState_House2007-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEState_House2007_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFState_House2007">State House 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976117-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976117_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevering1976">Levering 1976</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBykowicz2011-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBykowicz2011_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBykowicz2011_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBykowicz2011">Bykowicz 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307090447/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,742964-1,00.html">"Obituary for Seymour Wemyss Smith"</a>. <i>Time</i>. January 18, 1932. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,742964-1,00.html">the original</a> on March 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Obituary+for+Seymour+Wemyss+Smith&rft.date=1932-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C742964-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, <i>John Hanson, Our First President</i>, 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_n53-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevering1976127_n53_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevering1976">Levering 1976</a>, p. 127 n53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson2009_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeterson2009">Peterson 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELidman1972-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELidman1972_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLidman1972">Lidman 1972</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrant1972-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrant1972_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrant1972">Brant 1972</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArago2013-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArago2013_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArago2013">Arago 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonough2014" class="citation news cs1">McDonough, Megan (January 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/john-hanson-briscoe-former-speaker-of-the-maryland-house-and-circuit-court-judge-dies/2014/01/06/1c119214-76f3-11e3-b1c5-739e63e9c9a7_story.html">"John Hanson Briscoe, former speaker of the Maryland House and circuit court judge, dies"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=John+Hanson+Briscoe%2C+former+speaker+of+the+Maryland+House+and+circuit+court+judge%2C+dies&rft.date=2014-01-06&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=McDonough&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Fjohn-hanson-briscoe-former-speaker-of-the-maryland-house-and-circuit-court-judge-dies%2F2014%2F01%2F06%2F1c119214-76f3-11e3-b1c5-739e63e9c9a7_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hanson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <p><b>Books, journals, and encyclopedias</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnett1941" class="citation book cs1">Burnett, Edward Cody (1941). <i>The Continental Congress</i>. New York: Norton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Continental+Congress&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=Edward+Cody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaney2000" class="citation web cs1">Chaney, Kevin R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anb.org">"Hanson, Alexander Contee"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_National_Biography_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="American National Biography Online">American National Biography Online</a></i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+National+Biography+Online&rft.atitle=Hanson%2C+Alexander+Contee&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=Kevin+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anb.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFanelliDiethorn2001" class="citation book cs1">Fanelli, Doris Devine; Diethorn, Karie (2001). <i>History of the Portrait Collection, Independence National Historical Park</i>. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Portrait+Collection%2C+Independence+National+Historical+Park&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Fanelli&rft.aufirst=Doris+Devine&rft.au=Diethorn%2C+Karie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanson1876" class="citation book cs1">Hanson, George A. (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oldkenteasterns00hansgoog"><i>Old Kent: The Eastern Shore of Maryland</i></a>. Baltimore: Forges.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Kent%3A+The+Eastern+Shore+of+Maryland&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Forges&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=George+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foldkenteasterns00hansgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1994" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Jean B. (1994). <i>The Price of Nationhood: The American Revolution in Charles County</i>. New York: W. W. Norton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Price+of+Nationhood%3A+The+American+Revolution+in+Charles+County&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jean+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevering1976" class="citation journal cs1">Levering, Ralph B. (1976). "John Hanson, Public Servant". <i>Maryland Historical Magazine</i>. <b>71</b> (Summer): 113–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maryland+Historical+Magazine&rft.atitle=John+Hanson%2C+Public+Servant&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=Summer&rft.pages=113-33&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Levering&rft.aufirst=Ralph+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMereness1932" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mereness, Newton D. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/000500/000587/pdf/dab.pdf">"Hanson, John"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_American_Biography" title="Dictionary of American Biography">Dictionary of American Biography</a></i>. Vol. VIII. New York: Scribner. pp. 231–32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hanson%2C+John&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=231-32&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Mereness&rft.aufirst=Newton+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F000500%2F000587%2Fpdf%2Fdab.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1987" class="citation journal cs1">Morris, Richard B. (1987). "The Origins of the Presidency". <i>Presidential Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>17</b> (4 [Fall]): 673–87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+the+Presidency&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4+%5BFall%5D&rft.pages=673-87&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Richard+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman1970" class="citation book cs1">Newman, Harry Wright (1970) [First published 1940]. <i>Charles County Gentry: A Genealogical History of Six Emigrants..</i>. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+County+Gentry%3A+A+Genealogical+History+of+Six+Emigrants...&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Harry+Wright&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapenfuse1979" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Papenfuse, Edward C.; Day, Alan F.; Jordan, David W.; Stiverson, Gregory A. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/000500/000587/pdf/hansonbio.pdf">"Hanson, John, Jr."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>A Biographical Dictionary of the Maryland Legislature, 1635–1789</i>. Vol. 1. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 405–06. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-1995-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-1995-4"><bdi>0-8018-1995-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hanson%2C+John%2C+Jr.&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Dictionary+of+the+Maryland+Legislature%2C+1635%E2%80%931789&rft.pages=405-06&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-8018-1995-4&rft.aulast=Papenfuse&rft.aufirst=Edward+C.&rft.au=Day%2C+Alan+F.&rft.au=Jordan%2C+David+W.&rft.au=Stiverson%2C+Gregory+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc3500%2Fsc3520%2F000500%2F000587%2Fpdf%2Fhansonbio.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussel1988" class="citation journal cs1">Russel, George Ely (October 1988). "John Hanson of Maryland: A Swedish Heritage Disproved". <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Genealogist" title="The American Genealogist">The American Genealogist</a></i>. <b>63</b> (4).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Genealogist&rft.atitle=John+Hanson+of+Maryland%3A+A+Swedish+Heritage+Disproved&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1988-10&rft.aulast=Russel&rft.aufirst=George+Ely&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span> Cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElisabeth_Thorsell2002" class="citation web cs1">Elisabeth Thorsell (December 30, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genealogi.se/roots/hanson.htm">"Was the First President of the United States a Swede?"</a>. The Federation of Swedish Genealogical Societies<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Was+the+First+President+of+the+United+States+a+Swede%3F&rft.pub=The+Federation+of+Swedish+Genealogical+Societies&rft.date=2002-12-30&rft.au=Elisabeth+Thorsell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genealogi.se%2Froots%2Fhanson.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders1930" class="citation book cs1">Sanders, Jennings B. (1930). <i>The Presidency of the Continental Congress, 1774–89</i>. Chicago.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidency+of+the+Continental+Congress%2C+1774%E2%80%9389&rft.place=Chicago&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Jennings+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiverson2000" class="citation web cs1">Stiverson, Gregory A. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anb.org">"Hanson, John, Jr"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_National_Biography_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="American National Biography Online">American National Biography Online</a></i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+National+Biography+Online&rft.atitle=Hanson%2C+John%2C+Jr.&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Stiverson&rft.aufirst=Gregory+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anb.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1994" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Rick K. (1994). <i>Congressional Dynamics: Structure, Coordination, and Choice in the First American Congress, 1774–1789</i>. Stanford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Congressional+Dynamics%3A+Structure%2C+Coordination%2C+and+Choice+in+the+First+American+Congress%2C+1774%E2%80%931789&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Rick+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinquistRousselow-Winquist2006" class="citation book cs1">Winquist, Alan H.; Rousselow-Winquist, Jessica (2006). <i>Touring Swedish America</i>. Minnesota Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Touring+Swedish+America&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Winquist&rft.aufirst=Alan+H.&rft.au=Rousselow-Winquist%2C+Jessica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Newspapers and online sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrant1972" class="citation news cs1">Brant, Irving (December 9, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/09/archives/president-whatsizname.html">"President Whatsizname"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=President+Whatsizname&rft.date=1972-12-09&rft.aulast=Brant&rft.aufirst=Irving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F12%2F09%2Farchives%2Fpresident-whatsizname.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBykowicz2011" class="citation news cs1">Bykowicz, Julie (February 22, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/2011/02/22/a-historical-battle-over-maryland-statues/">"A historical battle over Maryland statues"</a>. <i>The Baltimore Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=A+historical+battle+over+Maryland+statues&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft.aulast=Bykowicz&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2F2011%2F02%2F22%2Fa-historical-battle-over-maryland-statues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDu_Lac2011" class="citation news cs1">Du Lac, J. Freedom (March 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/05/AR2011030503774.html">"Harriet Tubman vs. John Hanson: Statuary Hall smackdown"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Harriet+Tubman+vs.+John+Hanson%3A+Statuary+Hall+smackdown&rft.date=2011-03-16&rft.aulast=Du+Lac&rft.aufirst=J.+Freedom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2011%2F03%2F05%2FAR2011030503774.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmory1975" class="citation news cs1">Emory, Thomas J. Jr. (December 31, 1975). "Hanson Claim Disputed; He Is Given War Credit". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Evening Sun</a> (Baltimore)</i>. p. B1; interview with Professor Ralph Levering</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Sun+%28Baltimore%29&rft.atitle=Hanson+Claim+Disputed%3B+He+Is+Given+War+Credit&rft.pages=B1&rft.date=1975-12-31&rft.aulast=Emory&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLidman1972" class="citation news cs1">Lidman, David (July 30, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0814F63F54127B93C2AA178CD85F468785F9">"John Hanson, Patriot and President"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=John+Hanson%2C+Patriot+and+President&rft.date=1972-07-30&rft.aulast=Lidman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DFA0814F63F54127B93C2AA178CD85F468785F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2009" class="citation web cs1">Peterson, Audrey (March 6, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090331133441/http://www.rjrmediagroup.com/wordpress_blog/?tag=john-hanson">"Black History Urban Legends"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Legacy" title="American Legacy">American Legacy</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rjrmediagroup.com/wordpress_blog/?tag=john-hanson">the original</a> on March 31, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+History+Urban+Legends&rft.pub=American+Legacy&rft.date=2009-03-06&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Audrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rjrmediagroup.com%2Fwordpress_blog%2F%3Ftag%3Djohn-hanson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArago2013" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&tid=2039383">"Arago: John Hanson Issue"</a>. National Postal Museum, Smithsonian Institution<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arago%3A+John+Hanson+Issue&rft.pub=National+Postal+Museum%2C+Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farago.si.edu%2Findex.asp%3Fcon%3D1%26cmd%3D1%26tid%3D2039383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatuary_Hall2013" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/hanson.cfm">"John Hanson"</a>. <i>The National Statuary Hall Collection</i>. Architect of the Capitol<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Statuary+Hall+Collection&rft.atitle=John+Hanson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoc.gov%2Fcc%2Fart%2Fnsh%2Fhanson.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFState_House2007" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdstatehouse/html/new_chamber.html">"The New Senate Chamber"</a>. <i>The Maryland State House</i>. Maryland State Archives. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Maryland+State+House&rft.atitle=The+New+Senate+Chamber&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmsa%2Fmdstatehouse%2Fhtml%2Fnew_chamber.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hanson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kremer, J. Bruce. <i>John Hanson of Mulberry Grove</i>. New York: A. & C. Boni, 1938.</li> <li>Nelson, Jacob A. <i>John Hanson and the inseparable union: an authentic biography of a revolutionary leader, patriot and statesman</i>. Boston: Meador Publishing Company, 1939.</li> <li>Smith, Seymour Wemyss. <i>John Hanson, our first president</i>. New York: Brewer, Warren & Putnam, 1932.</li> <li>Thomas, Douglas H. <i>John Hanson, President of the United States in Congress Assembled, 1781–1782</i>. 1898. According to the <i>American National Biography</i>, the biographies of Hanson are not "adequate", though this one, written by Hanson's grandson, is "perhaps the most satisfactory" of the lot.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hanson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=John+Hanson+%28id%3A+H000177%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DH000177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Hanson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/000500/000587/html/msa00587.html">John Hanson at the Maryland State Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/history/american/hanson.htm">John Hanson at Snopes.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8291654">John Hanson</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanrevolutioninstitute.org">The American Revolution Institute</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">President of the<br />Continental Congress</a> </b><br />November 5, 1781 – November 3, 1782 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary drafter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Bartlett" title="Josiah Bartlett">Josiah Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wentworth_Jr." title="John Wentworth Jr.">John Wentworth Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dana" title="Francis Dana">Francis Dana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lovell_(politician)" title="James Lovell (politician)">James Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Holten" title="Samuel Holten">Samuel Holten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rhode Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellery" title="William Ellery">William Ellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Marchant" title="Henry Marchant">Henry Marchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Collins_(Continental_Congress)" title="John Collins (Continental Congress)">John Collins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott" title="Oliver Wolcott">Oliver Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Hosmer" title="Titus Hosmer">Titus Hosmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Adams_(politician)" title="Andrew Adams (politician)">Andrew Adams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Duane" title="James Duane">James Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lewis" title="Francis Lewis">Francis Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Duer_(Continental_congressman)" title="William Duer (Continental congressman)">William Duer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Gouverneur Morris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">John Witherspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Scudder" title="Nathaniel Scudder">Nathaniel Scudder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Roberdeau" title="Daniel Roberdeau">Daniel Roberdeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bayard_Smith" title="Jonathan Bayard Smith">Jonathan Bayard Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clingan" title="William Clingan">William Clingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Reed_(politician)" title="Joseph Reed (politician)">Joseph Reed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delaware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(politician,_born_1738)" title="Nicholas Van Dyke (politician, born 1738)">Nicholas Van Dyke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carroll" title="Daniel Carroll">Daniel Carroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Banister_(lawyer)" title="John Banister (lawyer)">John Banister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Adams_(politician)" title="Thomas Adams (politician)">Thomas Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harvie" title="John Harvie">John Harvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lightfoot_Lee" title="Francis Lightfoot Lee">Francis Lightfoot Lee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Penn_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="John Penn (North Carolina politician)">John Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Harnett" title="Cornelius Harnett">Cornelius Harnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(Continental_Congress)" title="John Williams (Continental Congress)">John Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens" title="Henry Laurens">Henry Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Drayton" title="William Henry Drayton">William Henry Drayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mathews_(lawyer)" title="John Mathews (lawyer)">John Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hutson" title="Richard Hutson">Richard Hutson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heyward_Jr." title="Thomas Heyward Jr.">Thomas Heyward Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Walton_(Continental_Congress)" title="John Walton (Continental Congress)">John Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair">Edward Telfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Langworthy_(Founding_Father)" title="Edward Langworthy (Founding Father)">Edward Langworthy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Continental_Congress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Template:Presidents of the Continental Congress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Continental_Congress" 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(1774)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Middleton" title="Henry Middleton">Henry Middleton</a> (1774)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Randolph" title="Peyton Randolph">Peyton Randolph</a> (1775)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> (1775–1777)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens" title="Henry Laurens">Henry Laurens</a> (1777–1778)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a> (1778–1779)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a> (1779–1781)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Confederation Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a> (1781)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a> (1781)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Hanson</a> (1781–1782)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elias_Boudinot" title="Elias Boudinot">Elias Boudinot</a> (1782–1783)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Thomas Mifflin</a> (1783–1784)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a> (1784–1785)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> (1785–1786)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Gorham" title="Nathaniel Gorham">Nathaniel Gorham</a> (1786–1787)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">Arthur St. Clair</a> (1787)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Griffin" title="Cyrus Griffin">Cyrus Griffin</a> (1788)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hanson_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanson_family_of_Maryland" title="Template:Hanson family of Maryland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanson_family_of_Maryland" title="Template talk:Hanson family of Maryland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanson_family_of_Maryland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanson family of Maryland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hanson_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hanson family</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Contee_Hanson_Sr." title="Alexander Contee Hanson Sr.">Alexander Contee Hanson Sr.</a> <small>(son of John)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Grosvenor" title="Thomas P. Grosvenor">Thomas P. Grosvenor</a> <small>(brother-in-law of Alexander Contee Hanson)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Contee_Hanson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Contee Hanson">Alexander Contee Hanson</a> <small>(son of Alexander Contee Hanson Sr.)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arin_Hanson" title="Arin Hanson">Arin Hanson</a> <small>(6th great-grandson of John)</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q711760#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q711760#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q711760#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000030591754">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/21260182">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/234857/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvCW3jWYHQMJfFfBrkv73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88654480">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987011289471505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000177">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6s28tk7">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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