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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafies" title="Mafies – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mafies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AE%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A" title="صخر مافي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صخر مافي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मैफिक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैफिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мафичен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мафичен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0fic" title="Màfic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Màfic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1fico" title="Máfico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Máfico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafiko" title="Mafiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mafiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="مافیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مافیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafique" title="Mafique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mafique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1fico" title="Máfico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Máfico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%B2%A0%EC%A7%88" title="고철질 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고철질" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafi%C4%8Dnost" title="Mafičnost – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mafičnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafik" title="Mafik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mafik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femico" title="Femico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Femico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99" title="מאפי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאפי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B6_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಲ್ಪಸಿಲಿಕಾಂಶ ಶಿಲೆಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲ್ಪಸಿಲಿಕಾಂಶ ಶಿಲೆಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AB%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ფუძე ქანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფუძე ქანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxum_maficum" title="Saxum maficum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saxum maficum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafisch" title="Mafisch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mafisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E9%89%84%E8%B3%AA%E5%B2%A9" title="苦鉄質岩 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="苦鉄質岩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1fico" title="Máfico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Máfico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mafic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafick%C3%BD" title="Mafický – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mafický" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafi%C4%8Dnost" title="Mafičnost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mafičnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мафичност – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мафичност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafinen" title="Mafinen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mafinen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafik" title="Mafik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mafik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мафіти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мафіти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mafic" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%81%E9%95%81%E8%B4%A8" title="铁镁质 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铁镁质" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%81%E9%93%81%E8%B4%A8" title="镁铁质 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="镁铁质" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Silicate mineral or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BasaltUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/BasaltUSGOV.jpg/220px-BasaltUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/BasaltUSGOV.jpg/330px-BasaltUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/BasaltUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="261" /></a><figcaption>Basalt</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>mafic</b> mineral or rock is a <a href="/wiki/Silicate_mineral" title="Silicate mineral">silicate mineral</a> or <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rock</a> rich in <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole">amphibole</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">biotite</a>. Common mafic rocks include <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">diabase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">gabbro</a>. Mafic rocks often also contain <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a>-rich varieties of <a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">plagioclase</a> feldspar. Mafic materials can also be described as <b>ferromagnesian</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mafic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>mafic</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of "magnesium" and "ferric" and was coined by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Whitman_Cross" title="Charles Whitman Cross">Charles Whitman Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Iddings" title="Joseph P. Iddings">Joseph P. Iddings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_V._Pirsson" title="Louis V. Pirsson">Louis V. Pirsson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Washington" title="Henry Stephens Washington">Henry Stephens Washington</a> in 1912. Cross' group had previously divided the major rock-forming minerals found in igneous rocks into <i>salic</i> minerals, such as <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspars</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Feldspathoid" title="Feldspathoid">feldspathoids</a>, and <i>femic</i> minerals, such as <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxene</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">micas</a> and aluminium-rich <a href="/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole">amphiboles</a> were excluded, while some calcium minerals containing little iron or magnesium, such as <a href="/wiki/Wollastonite" title="Wollastonite">wollastonite</a> or <a href="/wiki/Apatite" title="Apatite">apatite</a>, were included in the femic minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cross and his coinvestigators later clarified that micas and aluminium amphiboles belonged to a separate category of <i>alferric</i> minerals. They then introduced the term <i>mafic</i> for ferromagnesian minerals of all types, in preference to the term <i>femag</i> coined by A. Johannsen in 1911, whose sound they disliked.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jackson1997_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson1997-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minerals">Minerals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mafic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Minerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>mafic</i> is still widely used for dark-colored ferromagnesian minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson1997_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson1997-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern classification schemes, such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geological_Sciences" title="International Union of Geological Sciences">International Union of Geological Sciences</a> (IUGS) classification of igneous rocks, include some light-colored ferromagnesian minerals, such as <a href="/wiki/Melilite" title="Melilite">melilite</a>, in the mafic mineral fraction.<sup id="cite_ref-lebas-streckeisen-1991_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lebas-streckeisen-1991-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Accessory_mineral" class="mw-redirect" title="Accessory mineral">Accessory minerals</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">zircon</a> or apatite, may also be included in the mafic mineral fraction for purposes of precise classification.<sup id="cite_ref-PhilpottsAgue2009_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhilpottsAgue2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rocks">Rocks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mafic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When applied to rocks, the term <i>mafic</i> is used primarily as a <a href="/wiki/Field_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Field work">field term</a> to describe dark-colored igneous rocks.<sup id="cite_ref-PhilpottsAgue2009_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhilpottsAgue2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is not used as a rock classification in the IUGS classification scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-lebas-streckeisen-1991_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lebas-streckeisen-1991-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mafic rocks are sometimes more precisely defined as igneous rocks with a high proportion of pyroxene and olivine, so that their <a href="/wiki/Color_index_(geology)" title="Color index (geology)">color index</a> (the volume fraction of dark mafic minerals) is between 50 and 90.<sup id="cite_ref-Allaby2013_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allaby2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most mafic volcanic rocks are more precisely classified as <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chemically, mafic rocks are sometimes defined as rocks with a silica content between 45 and 55 <a href="/wiki/Wt%25" class="mw-redirect" title="Wt%">wt%</a>, corresponding to the silica content of basalt in the <a href="/wiki/TAS_classification" title="TAS classification">TAS classification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such rocks are enriched in iron, magnesium and <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> and typically dark in color. In contrast, the <a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">felsic</a> rocks are typically light in color and enriched in <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>. The mafic rocks also typically have a higher <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a> than felsic rocks. The term roughly corresponds to the older <i>basic rock</i> class.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mafic <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a>, before cooling, has a low <a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">viscosity</a>, in comparison with felsic lava, due to the lower <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> content in mafic <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a>. Water and other volatiles can more easily and gradually escape from mafic lava. As a result, eruptions of volcanoes made of mafic lavas are less explosively violent than felsic-lava eruptions.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mafic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QAPF_diagram" title="QAPF diagram">QAPF diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals" title="List of minerals">List of minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_types" title="List of rock types">List of rock types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen%27s_reaction_series" title="Bowen's reaction series">Bowen's reaction series</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mafic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrossIddingsPirssonWashington1902" class="citation journal cs1">Cross, Whitman; Iddings, Joseph P.; Pirsson, Louis V.; Washington, Henry S. (September 1902). "A Quantitative Chemico-Mineralogical Classification and Nomenclature of Igneous Rocks". <i>The Journal of Geology</i>. <b>10</b> (6): 555–690. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1902JG.....10..555C">1902JG.....10..555C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F621030">10.1086/621030</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140683261">140683261</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Geology&rft.atitle=A+Quantitative+Chemico-Mineralogical+Classification+and+Nomenclature+of+Igneous+Rocks&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=555-690&rft.date=1902-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A140683261%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F621030&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1902JG.....10..555C&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Whitman&rft.au=Iddings%2C+Joseph+P.&rft.au=Pirsson%2C+Louis+V.&rft.au=Washington%2C+Henry+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMafic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossIddingsPirssonWashington1912" class="citation journal cs1">Cross, Whitman; Iddings, J. P.; Pirsson, L. V.; Washington, H. S. (September 1912). "Modifications of the "Quantitative System of Classification of Igneous Rocks"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>The Journal of Geology</i>. <b>20</b> (6): 550–561. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1912JG.....20..550C">1912JG.....20..550C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F621996">10.1086/621996</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129515388">129515388</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Geology&rft.atitle=Modifications+of+the+%22Quantitative+System+of+Classification+of+Igneous+Rocks%22&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=550-561&rft.date=1912-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129515388%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F621996&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1912JG.....20..550C&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Whitman&rft.au=Iddings%2C+J.+P.&rft.au=Pirsson%2C+L.+V.&rft.au=Washington%2C+H.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMafic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson1997-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson1997_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson1997_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1997" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "mafic". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/glossaryofgeolog0000unse_k9a5"><i>Glossary of geology</i></a></span> (Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0922152349" title="Special:BookSources/0922152349"><bdi>0922152349</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=mafic&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+geology.&rft.place=Alexandria%2C+Virginia&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=American+Geological+Institute&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0922152349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fglossaryofgeolog0000unse_k9a5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMafic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lebas-streckeisen-1991-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lebas-streckeisen-1991_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lebas-streckeisen-1991_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_BasStreckeisen1991" class="citation journal cs1">Le Bas, M. J.; Streckeisen, A. L. (1991). "The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks". <i>Journal of the Geological Society</i>. <b>148</b> (5): 825–833. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JGSoc.148..825L">1991JGSoc.148..825L</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.692.4446">10.1.1.692.4446</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2Fgsjgs.148.5.0825">10.1144/gsjgs.148.5.0825</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28548230">28548230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Geological+Society&rft.atitle=The+IUGS+systematics+of+igneous+rocks&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=825-833&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.692.4446%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28548230%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2Fgsjgs.148.5.0825&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991JGSoc.148..825L&rft.aulast=Le+Bas&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rft.au=Streckeisen%2C+A.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMafic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PhilpottsAgue2009-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PhilpottsAgue2009_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PhilpottsAgue2009_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009" class="citation book cs1">Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). <i>Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521880060" title="Special:BookSources/9780521880060"><bdi>9780521880060</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+igneous+and+metamorphic+petrology&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=137&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780521880060&rft.aulast=Philpotts&rft.aufirst=Anthony+R.&rft.au=Ague%2C+Jay+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMafic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allaby2013-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allaby2013_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllaby2013" class="citation book cs1">Allaby, Michael (2013). "mafic". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2r7xyJSp4R0C"><i>A dictionary of geology and earth sciences</i></a> (Fourth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199653065" title="Special:BookSources/9780199653065"><bdi>9780199653065</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=mafic&rft.btitle=A+dictionary+of+geology+and+earth+sciences&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780199653065&rft.aulast=Allaby&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2r7xyJSp4R0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMafic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmincke2003" class="citation book cs1">Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XHlJrFAhth4C&pg=PA23"><i>Volcanism</i></a>. Berlin: Springer. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-43650-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-43650-8"><bdi>978-3-540-43650-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volcanism&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-540-43650-8&rft.aulast=Schmincke&rft.aufirst=Hans-Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXHlJrFAhth4C%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMafic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNesse2000" class="citation book cs1">Nesse, William D. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontomi0000ness_m9a6"><i>Introduction to mineralogy</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195106916" title="Special:BookSources/9780195106916"><bdi>9780195106916</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+mineralogy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780195106916&rft.aulast=Nesse&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontomi0000ness_m9a6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMafic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIslamHossainIslam2018" class="citation book cs1">Islam, M. R.; Hossain, M. E.; Islam, A. O. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xK5JDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80"><i>Hydrocarbons in Basement Formations</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-29453-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-29453-5"><bdi>978-1-119-29453-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hydrocarbons+in+Basement+Formations&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-119-29453-5&rft.aulast=Islam&rft.aufirst=M.+R.&rft.au=Hossain%2C+M.+E.&rft.au=Islam%2C+A.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxK5JDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMafic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/volcs.htm">"Volcanoes"</a>. <i>Columbia University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_igneous_rocks_classified_by_silicon_dioxide_content" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Igneous_rocks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Igneous rocks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_igneous_rocks_classified_by_silicon_dioxide_content" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rocks</a> classified by <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silicon dioxide</a> content</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Type</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ultramafic_rock" title="Ultramafic rock">Ultramafic</a><br /><45% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mafic</a><br />45–52% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_composition" title="Intermediate composition">Intermediate</a><br />52–63% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_composition" title="Intermediate composition">Intermediate</a>–<a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">felsic</a><br />63–69% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">Felsic</a><br />>69% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">Volcanic rocks</a>:</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Subvolcanic_rock" title="Subvolcanic rock">Subvolcanic rocks</a>:</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Pluton" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluton">Plutonic rocks</a>:</b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Picrite_basalt" title="Picrite basalt">Picrite basalt</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">Peridotite</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">Diabase (Dolerite)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">Gabbro</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">Andesite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Microdiorite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Diorite</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">Dacite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">Microgranodiorite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">Granodiorite</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">Rhyolite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Microgranite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mafic&oldid=1245041747">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mafic&oldid=1245041747</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Igneous_petrology" title="Category:Igneous petrology">Igneous petrology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mineralogy_concepts" title="Category:Mineralogy concepts">Mineralogy concepts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Petrology" 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