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id="toc-Mineral_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mineral_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mineral species</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mineral_species-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mineral species subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mineral_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Other species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descriptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descriptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Descriptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descriptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amphibole</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="مجموعة الأمفيبول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجموعة الأمفيبول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anf%C3%ADbol" title="Anfíbol – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Anfíbol" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibollar" title="Amfibollar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amfibollar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kak-si%C3%A1m-chio%CC%8Dh" title="Kak-siám-chio̍h – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kak-siám-chio̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Амфіболы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амфіболы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Амфибол – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амфибол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergrup_dels_amf%C3%ADbols" title="Supergrup dels amfíbols – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Supergrup dels amfíbols" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibol" title="Amfibol – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amfibol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibol" title="Amfibol – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amfibol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibolgruppe" title="Amphibolgruppe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amphibolgruppe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiboolid" title="Amfiboolid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Amfiboolid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Αμφίβολοι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμφίβολοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anf%C3%ADbol" title="Anfíbol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anfíbol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibolo" title="Amfibolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amfibolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfibol" title="Anfibol – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anfibol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="آمفیبول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمفیبول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amphibole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfab%C3%B3l" title="Amfaból – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Amfaból" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anf%C3%ADbolo" title="Anfíbolo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anfíbolo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%81%EC%84%AC%EC%84%9D" title="각섬석 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="각섬석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ամֆիբոլներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամֆիբոլներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="ऐंफ़िबोल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऐंफ़िबोल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiboli" title="Amfiboli – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amfiboli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibol" title="Amfibol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amfibol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfibolo" title="Anfibolo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anfibolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="אמפיבול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמפיבול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಂಫಿಬೋಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಂಫಿಬೋಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ამფიბოლები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამფიბოლები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Амфиболдар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Амфиболдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Амфиболдор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Амфиболдор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibolas" title="Amfibolas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amfibolas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibol" title="Amfibol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amfibol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibool" title="Amfibool – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amfibool" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E9%96%83%E7%9F%B3" title="角閃石 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="角閃石" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibol" title="Amfibol – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amfibol" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibollar" title="Amfibollar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amfibollar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="امپيبول – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="امپيبول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibole" title="Amfibole – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amfibole" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anf%C3%ADbola" title="Anfíbola – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anfíbola" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiboli" title="Amfiboli – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amfiboli" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Амфиболы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амфиболы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amphibole" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupina_amfibolu" title="Skupina amfibolu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Skupina amfibolu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibol" title="Amfibol – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Amfibol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiboli" title="Amfiboli – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amfiboli" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiboli" title="Amfiboli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amfiboli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibol" title="Amfibol – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amfibol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Амфиболҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Амфиболҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Group of inosilicate minerals</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mineral. For the logical fallacy, see <a href="/wiki/Equivocation" title="Equivocation">equivocation</a>. For the ambiguous grammatical construction, see <a href="/wiki/Amphibology" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibology">amphibology</a>. For the study of amphibians (amphibiology), see <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibian</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tremolite-121232.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tremolite-121232.jpg/220px-Tremolite-121232.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tremolite-121232.jpg/330px-Tremolite-121232.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tremolite-121232.jpg/440px-Tremolite-121232.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Amphibole (<a href="/wiki/Tremolite" title="Tremolite">tremolite</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Amphibole</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">AM</span>-fə-bohl</i></a>) is a group of <a href="/wiki/Silicate_minerals#Inosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicate minerals">inosilicate</a> <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a>, forming prism or needlelike crystals,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> composed of double chain <span class="chemf nowrap">SiO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron" title="Tetrahedron">tetrahedra</a>, linked at the vertices and generally containing <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> in their structures. Its <a href="/wiki/International_Mineralogical_Association" title="International Mineralogical Association">IMA</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mineral_symbols" title="List of mineral symbols">symbol</a> is Amp.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amphiboles can be green, black, colorless, white, yellow, blue, or brown. The <a href="/wiki/International_Mineralogical_Association" title="International Mineralogical Association">International Mineralogical Association</a> currently classifies amphiboles as a mineral supergroup, within which are two groups and several subgroups.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mineralogy">Mineralogy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mineralogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thin_section_microscopy_Siilinj%C3%A4rvi_R636_6335_amphibole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Thin_section_microscopy_Siilinj%C3%A4rvi_R636_6335_amphibole.jpg/220px-Thin_section_microscopy_Siilinj%C3%A4rvi_R636_6335_amphibole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Thin_section_microscopy_Siilinj%C3%A4rvi_R636_6335_amphibole.jpg/330px-Thin_section_microscopy_Siilinj%C3%A4rvi_R636_6335_amphibole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Thin_section_microscopy_Siilinj%C3%A4rvi_R636_6335_amphibole.jpg/440px-Thin_section_microscopy_Siilinj%C3%A4rvi_R636_6335_amphibole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="1410" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Optical_mineralogy" title="Optical mineralogy">Photomicrographs</a> of a thin section containing an amphibole crystal; under cross-polarized light on the left, and plane-polarized light on the right.</figcaption></figure> <p>Amphiboles crystallize into two crystal systems, <a href="/wiki/Monoclinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclinic">monoclinic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orthorhombic" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthorhombic">orthorhombic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In chemical composition and general characteristics they are similar to the <a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxenes</a>. The chief differences from pyroxenes are that (i) amphiboles contain essential hydroxyl (OH) or halogen (F, Cl) and (ii) the basic structure is a double chain of tetrahedra (as opposed to the single chain structure of pyroxene). Most apparent, in hand specimens, is that amphiboles form oblique cleavage planes (at around 120 degrees), whereas pyroxenes have cleavage angles of approximately 90 degrees. Amphiboles are also specifically less dense than the corresponding pyroxenes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993474–475,_478,_491_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993474–475,_478,_491-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amphiboles are the primary constituent of <a href="/wiki/Amphibolite" title="Amphibolite">amphibolites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993590_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993590-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like pyroxenes, amphiboles are classified as inosilicate (chain silicate) minerals. However, the pyroxene structure is built around single chains of silica tetrahedra while amphiboles are built around double chains of silica tetrahedra. In other words, as with almost all silicate minerals, each silicon ion is surrounded by four oxygen ions. In amphiboles, some of the oxygen ions are shared between silicon ions to form a double chain structure as depicted below. These chains extend along the [001] axis of the crystal. One side of each chain has <i>apical</i> oxygen ions, shared by only one silicon ion, and pairs of double chains are bound to each other by metal ions that connect apical oxygen ions. The pairs of double chains have been likened to <a href="/wiki/I-beams" class="mw-redirect" title="I-beams">I-beams</a>. Each I-beam is bonded to its neighbor by additional metal ions to form the complete crystal structure. Large gaps in the structure may be empty or partially filled by large metal ions, such as sodium, but remain points of weakness that help define the cleavage planes of the crystal.<sup id="cite_ref-Nesse2000p277t279_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nesse2000p277t279-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amphibole_100.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Double-chain inosilicate structure looking up the [100] axis. Silicon ions are hidden by apical oxygen ions."><img alt="Double-chain inosilicate structure looking up the [100] axis. Silicon ions are hidden by apical oxygen ions." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Amphibole_100.jpg/111px-Amphibole_100.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Amphibole_100.jpg/167px-Amphibole_100.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Amphibole_100.jpg/223px-Amphibole_100.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Double-chain inosilicate structure looking up the [100] axis. Silicon ions are hidden by apical oxygen ions.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amphibole_010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Side view (along [010]) of double chain inosilicate backbone. Apical oxygens are at the bottom."><img alt="Side view (along [010]) of double chain inosilicate backbone. Apical oxygens are at the bottom." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Amphibole_010.jpg/120px-Amphibole_010.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Amphibole_010.jpg/180px-Amphibole_010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Amphibole_010.jpg/240px-Amphibole_010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Side view (along [010]) of double chain inosilicate backbone. Apical oxygens are at the bottom.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amphibole_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amphibole structure looking along the [001] axis. Silicon ions are emphasized. Two "I-beams" are outlined in green."><img alt="Amphibole structure looking along the [001] axis. Silicon ions are emphasized. Two "I-beams" are outlined in green." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Amphibole_001.jpg/120px-Amphibole_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Amphibole_001.jpg/180px-Amphibole_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Amphibole_001.jpg/240px-Amphibole_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="1220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amphibole structure looking along the [001] axis. Silicon ions are emphasized. Two "I-beams" are outlined in green.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_rocks">In rocks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In rocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg/310px-Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg/465px-Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg/620px-Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Mineral assemblage of igneous rocks</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horndio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Horndio.jpg/220px-Horndio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Horndio.jpg/330px-Horndio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Horndio.jpg/440px-Horndio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Hornblende diorite from the Henry Mountains, Utah, US</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amphibolite_(Precambrian;_Warrensburg,_Adirondack_Mountains,_New_York_State,_USA)_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amphibolite_%28Precambrian%3B_Warrensburg%2C_Adirondack_Mountains%2C_New_York_State%2C_USA%29_1.jpg/220px-Amphibolite_%28Precambrian%3B_Warrensburg%2C_Adirondack_Mountains%2C_New_York_State%2C_USA%29_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amphibolite_%28Precambrian%3B_Warrensburg%2C_Adirondack_Mountains%2C_New_York_State%2C_USA%29_1.jpg/330px-Amphibolite_%28Precambrian%3B_Warrensburg%2C_Adirondack_Mountains%2C_New_York_State%2C_USA%29_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amphibolite_%28Precambrian%3B_Warrensburg%2C_Adirondack_Mountains%2C_New_York_State%2C_USA%29_1.jpg/440px-Amphibolite_%28Precambrian%3B_Warrensburg%2C_Adirondack_Mountains%2C_New_York_State%2C_USA%29_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Amphibolite from Warrensburg, Adirondack Mountains, New York State, USA</figcaption></figure> <p>Amphiboles are minerals of either <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous</a> or <a href="/wiki/Metamorphism" title="Metamorphism">metamorphic</a> origin. Amphiboles are more common in <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate rock">intermediate</a> to <a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">felsic</a> igneous rocks than in <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> igneous rocks,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because the higher <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> and dissolved water content of the more <a href="/wiki/Igneous_differentiation" title="Igneous differentiation">evolved</a> magmas favors formation of amphiboles rather than pyroxenes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000279–280_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000279–280-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest amphibole content, around 20%, is found in <a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">andesites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende">Hornblende</a> is widespread in igneous and metamorphic rocks and is particularly common in <a href="/wiki/Syenite" title="Syenite">syenites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">diorites</a>. Calcium is sometimes a constituent of naturally occurring amphiboles. Amphiboles of metamorphic origin include those developed in <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestones</a> by contact metamorphism (<a href="/wiki/Tremolite" title="Tremolite">tremolite</a>) and those formed by the alteration of other ferromagnesian minerals (such as hornblende as an alteration product of pyroxene).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993496-497_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993496-497-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pseudomorph" title="Pseudomorph">Pseudomorphs</a> of amphibole after pyroxene are known as <a href="/wiki/Uralite" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralite">uralite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000285_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000285-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_etymology">History and etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>amphibole</i> derives from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">amphíbolos</i></span> (<span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἀμφίβολος">ἀμφίβολος</a></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">double entendre</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), implying ambiguity. The name was used by <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Just_Ha%C3%BCy" title="René Just Haüy">René Just Haüy</a></span></span> to include tremolite, <a href="/wiki/Actinolite" title="Actinolite">actinolite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende">hornblende</a>. The group was so named by Haüy in allusion to the protean variety, in composition and appearance, assumed by its minerals. This term has since been applied to the whole group. Numerous sub-species and varieties are distinguished, the more important of which are tabulated below in two series. The formulae of each will be seen to be built on the general double-chain <a href="/wiki/Silicate" title="Silicate">silicate</a> formula RSi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four of the amphibole minerals are commonly called <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>. These are: anthophyllite, riebeckite, the cummingtonite/grunerite series, and the actinolite/tremolite series. The cummingtonite/grunerite series is often termed <a href="/wiki/Amosite" class="mw-redirect" title="Amosite">amosite</a> or "brown asbestos", and <a href="/wiki/Riebeckite" title="Riebeckite">riebeckite</a> is known as crocidolite or "blue asbestos". These are generally called amphibole asbestos.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mining, manufacture and prolonged use of these minerals can cause serious illnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000242_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000242-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mineral_species">Mineral species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mineral species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The more common amphiboles are classified as shown in the following table:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000278_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000278-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8">Amphibole classification (After Nesse 2000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000278_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000278-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Group </th> <th>W </th> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">X<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Y<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Z<sub class="template-chem2-sub">8</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </th> <th>Mineral </th> <th>Symmetry </th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Iron-magnesium </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">8</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anthophyllite" title="Anthophyllite">Anthophyllite</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Orthorhombic </td> <td rowspan="2">Orthoamphibolite </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gedrite" title="Gedrite">Gedrite</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">8</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cummingtonite" title="Cummingtonite">Cummingtonite</a>-<a href="/wiki/Grunerite" title="Grunerite">Grunerite</a> </td> <td rowspan="8">Monoclinic </td> <td>Low-Ca-clinoamphibolite </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Calcic </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">8</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tremolite" title="Tremolite">Tremolite</a>-<a href="/wiki/Actinolite" title="Actinolite">actinolite</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Ca-clinoamphibole </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Na,K)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">0−1</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe,Fe<sup class="template-chem2-sup">3+</sup>,Al)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Si,Al)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">8</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende">Hornblende</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Na</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>Ti</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaersutite" title="Kaersutite">Kaersutite</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Sodic-calcic </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Na</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NaCa</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">8</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richterite" title="Richterite">Richterite</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Na-Ca-clinonamphibole </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Na</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NaCa</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>Fe<sup class="template-chem2-sup">3+</sup></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub>AlO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katophorite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katophorite (page does not exist)">Katophorite</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Sodic </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Na<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>(Al,Fe<sup class="template-chem2-sup">3+</sup>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">8</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glaucophane" title="Glaucophane">Glaucophane</a>-<a href="/wiki/Riebeckite" title="Riebeckite">riebeckite</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Na-clinoamphibole </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Na</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Na<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>(Al,Fe<sup class="template-chem2-sup">3+</sup>)</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">8</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eckermanite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eckermanite (page does not exist)">Eckermanite</a>-<a href="/wiki/Arfvedsonite" title="Arfvedsonite">arfvedsonite</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_species">Other species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Orthorhombic series</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holmquistite" title="Holmquistite">Holmquistite</a>, Li<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></li></ul> <p><b>Monoclinic series</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pargasite" title="Pargasite">Pargasite</a>, NaCa<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>3</sub>Fe<sup>2+</sup>Si<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>3</sub>O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchite" title="Winchite">Winchite</a>, (CaNa)Mg<sub>4</sub>(Al,Fe<sup>3+</sup>)Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenite" title="Edenite">Edenite</a>, NaCa<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>5</sub>(Si<sub>7</sub>Al)O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series">Series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certain amphibole minerals form solid solution series, at least at elevated temperature. Ferrous iron usually substitutes freely for magnesium in amphiboles to form continuous solid solution series between magnesium-rich and iron-rich endmembers. These include the cummington (magnesium) to grunerite (iron) endmembers, where the dividing line is placed at 30% magnesium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000277–290_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000277–290-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, the orthoamphiboles, anthophyllite and gedrite, which differ in their aluminium content, form a continuous solid solution at elevated temperature. As the amphibole cools, the two end members exsolve to form very thin layers (lamellae).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000277–290_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000277–290-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hornblende is highly variable in composition, and includes at least five solid solution series: magnesiohornblende-ferrohornblende (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>[(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>Al]Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub>AlO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>), tschermakite-ferrotschermakite (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>[(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>]Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>), edenite-ferroedenite (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NaCa<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub>AlO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>), pargasite-ferropargasite (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NaCa<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>[(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>Al]Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>) and magnesiohastingstite-hastingsite (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NaCa<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>[(Mg,Fe)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>Fe<sup class="template-chem2-sup">3+</sup>]Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">67</sub>Al<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">22</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>). In addition, titanium, manganese, or chromium can substitute for some of the cations and oxygen, fluorine, or chlorine for some of the hydroxide. The different chemical types are almost impossible to distinguish even by optical or X-ray methods, and detailed chemical analysis using an electron microprobe is required.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000285_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000285-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Glaucophane to riebeckite form yet another solid solution series, which also extends towards hornblende and arfvedsonite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000287_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000287-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is <i>not</i> a continuous series between calcic clinoamphiboles, such as hornblende, and low-calcium amphiboles, such as orthoamphiboles or the cummingtonite-grunerite series. Compositions intermediate in calcium are almost nonexistent in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000279_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000279-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is a solid solution series between hornblende and tremolite-actinolite at elevated temperature. A <a href="/wiki/Miscibility_gap" title="Miscibility gap">miscibility gap</a> exists at lower temperatures, and, as a result, hornblende often contains exsolution lamellae of grunerite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993496_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993496-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descriptions">Descriptions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Descriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On account of the wide variations in chemical composition, the different members vary considerably in properties and general appearance. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anthophyllite" title="Anthophyllite">Anthophyllite</a> occurs as brownish, fibrous or lamellar masses with hornblende in <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a>-<a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schist</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kongsberg" title="Kongsberg">Kongsberg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and some other localities. An aluminous related species is known as <a href="/wiki/Gedrite" title="Gedrite">gedrite</a> and a deep green <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> variety containing little <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kupfferite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kupfferite (page does not exist)">kupfferite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende">Hornblende</a> is an important constituent of many igneous rocks. It is also an important constituent of <a href="/wiki/Amphibolite" title="Amphibolite">amphibolites</a> formed by metamorphism of <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000286_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000286-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Actinolite" title="Actinolite">Actinolite</a> is an important and common member of the monoclinic series, forming radiating groups of <a href="/wiki/Crystal_habit" title="Crystal habit">acicular</a> crystals of a bright green or greyish-green color. It occurs frequently as a constituent of <a href="/wiki/Greenschist" title="Greenschist">greenschists</a>. The name (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <i>ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖνος/aktís, aktînos</i>, a 'ray' and <i>λίθος/líthos</i>, a 'stone') is a translation of the old <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> word <i>Strahlstein</i> (radiated stone).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993495–496_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinHurlbut1993495–496-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Glaucophane" title="Glaucophane">Glaucophane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crocidolite" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocidolite">crocidolite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riebeckite" title="Riebeckite">riebeckite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arfvedsonite" title="Arfvedsonite">arfvedsonite</a> form a somewhat special group of alkali-amphiboles. The first two are blue fibrous minerals, with glaucophane occurring in <a href="/wiki/Blueschist" title="Blueschist">blueschists</a> and crocidolite (blue asbestos) in ironstone formations, both resulting from dynamo-metamorphic processes. The latter two are dark green minerals, which occur as original constituents of igneous rocks rich in sodium, such as <a href="/wiki/Nepheline" title="Nepheline">nepheline</a>-<a href="/wiki/Syenite" title="Syenite">syenite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phonolite" title="Phonolite">phonolite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000287–289_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000287–289-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pargasite" title="Pargasite">Pargasite</a> is a rare magnesium-rich variety of hornblende<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000285_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000285-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with essential <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>, usually found in <a href="/wiki/Ultramafic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultramafic">ultramafic</a> rocks. For instance, it occurs in uncommon <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a> <a href="/wiki/Xenolith" title="Xenolith">xenoliths</a>, carried up by <a href="/wiki/Kimberlite" title="Kimberlite">kimberlite</a>. It is hard, dense, black and usually <a href="/wiki/Rock_microstructure#Crystal_shapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock microstructure">automorphic</a>, with a red-brown <a href="/wiki/Pleochroism" title="Pleochroism">pleochroism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Petrography" title="Petrography">petrographic</a> <a href="/wiki/Thin_section" title="Thin section">thin section</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theodora.com/geology/glossarya.html#amphibole">"Amphibole"</a>. <i>Dictionary of Geology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Geology&rft.atitle=Amphibole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theodora.com%2Fgeology%2Fglossarya.html%23amphibole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphibole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarr2021" class="citation journal cs1">Warr, L.N. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43">"IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols"</a>. <i>Mineralogical Magazine</i>. <b>85</b> (3): 291–320. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021MinM...85..291W">2021MinM...85..291W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43">10.1180/mgm.2021.43</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235729616">235729616</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=IMA-CNMNC+approved+mineral+symbols&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=291-320&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A235729616%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021MinM...85..291W&rft.aulast=Warr&rft.aufirst=L.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1180%252Fmgm.2021.43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphibole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-207.html">Mindat, Amphibole Supergroup</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinHurlbut1993" class="citation book cs1">Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. 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(2000). <i>Introduction to mineralogy</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 277–279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195106916" title="Special:BookSources/9780195106916"><bdi>9780195106916</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+mineralogy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=277-279&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780195106916&rft.aulast=Nesse&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphibole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersTrollWeisDallai2017" class="citation journal cs1">Peters, Stefan T. M.; Troll, Valentin R.; Weis, Franz A.; Dallai, Luigi; Chadwick, Jane P.; Schulz, Bernhard (2017-03-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1338-0">"Amphibole megacrysts as a probe into the deep plumbing system of Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia"</a>. <i>Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology</i>. <b>172</b> (4): 16. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CoMP..172...16P">2017CoMP..172...16P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00410-017-1338-0">10.1007/s00410-017-1338-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1432-0967">1432-0967</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:132014026">132014026</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contributions+to+Mineralogy+and+Petrology&rft.atitle=Amphibole+megacrysts+as+a+probe+into+the+deep+plumbing+system+of+Merapi+volcano%2C+Central+Java%2C+Indonesia&rft.volume=172&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2017-03-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00410-017-1338-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A132014026%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1432-0967&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017CoMP..172...16P&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Stefan+T.+M.&rft.au=Troll%2C+Valentin+R.&rft.au=Weis%2C+Franz+A.&rft.au=Dallai%2C+Luigi&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+Jane+P.&rft.au=Schulz%2C+Bernhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs00410-017-1338-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphibole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000279–280-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000279–280_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNesse2000">Nesse 2000</a>, p. 279–280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2010" class="citation book cs1">Levin, Harold L. (2010). <i>The earth through time</i> (9th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: J. 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"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Amphibole" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Amphibole">Amphibole</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pargasite&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Mineralogy&rft.pub=Mineralogical+Society+of+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.handbookofmineralogy.org%2Fpdfs%2Fpargasite.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphibole" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minerals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Minerals" title="Template:Minerals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Minerals" title="Template talk:Minerals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Minerals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Minerals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minerals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Minerals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Mineral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals" title="List of minerals">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">Mineralogy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mineralogy" title="History of mineralogy">History</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%A9randite,_natrolite,_analcime,_aegirine_300-4-2112.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/S%C3%A9randite%2C_natrolite%2C_analcime%2C_aegirine_300-4-2112.JPG/80px-S%C3%A9randite%2C_natrolite%2C_analcime%2C_aegirine_300-4-2112.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/S%C3%A9randite%2C_natrolite%2C_analcime%2C_aegirine_300-4-2112.JPG/120px-S%C3%A9randite%2C_natrolite%2C_analcime%2C_aegirine_300-4-2112.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/S%C3%A9randite%2C_natrolite%2C_analcime%2C_aegirine_300-4-2112.JPG/160px-S%C3%A9randite%2C_natrolite%2C_analcime%2C_aegirine_300-4-2112.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common minerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amphibole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgmanite" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridgmanite">Bridgmanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-feldspar" class="mw-redirect" title="K-feldspar">K-feldspar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">Mica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">Olivine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">Plagioclase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">Pyroxene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">Spinel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_mineral" title="Industrial mineral">Industrial mineral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/23px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/34px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/46px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3552" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Minerals" title="Portal:Minerals">Minerals portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link 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href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX544198">Spain</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&oldid=1257019591">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amphibole&oldid=1257019591</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inosilicates" title="Category:Inosilicates">Inosilicates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Asbestos" title="Category:Asbestos">Asbestos</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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