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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Independence era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights_and_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights_and_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Main sights and tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_sights_and_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Land</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bandar Seri Begawan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 138 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-138" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">138 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%AD_%E1%88%B0%E1%88%AA_%E1%89%A4%E1%8C%8B%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95" title="ባንዳር ሰሪ ቤጋዋን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባንዳር ሰሪ ቤጋዋን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بندر سري بكاوان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بندر سري بكاوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begavan" title="Bandar Seri Begavan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bandar Seri Begavan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="বন্দর সেরি বেগাওয়ান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বন্দর সেরি বেগাওয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Серы-Бегаван – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бандар-Серы-Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Сэры-Бэгаван – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бандар-Сэры-Бэгаван" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар Сери Бегаван – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бандар Сери Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="སི་རི་པེ་ཀ་མཚོ་ཁུགས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སི་རི་པེ་ཀ་མཚོ་ཁུགས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%81_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Μπαντάρ Σερί Μπεγκαβάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπαντάρ Σερί Μπεγκαβάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar-Seri-Begavano" title="Bandar-Seri-Begavano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bandar-Seri-Begavano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بندر سری بگاوان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بندر سری بگاوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EB%8B%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%A6%AC%EB%B8%8C%EA%B0%80%EC%99%84" title="반다르스리브가완 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반다르스리브가완" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բանդար Սերի Բեգավան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանդար Սերի Բեգավան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बंदर सेरी बेगवान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बंदर सेरी बेगवान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="בנדר סרי בגוואן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בנדר סרי בגוואן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬಂದರ್ ಸೆರಿ ಬಗೆವನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಂದರ್ ಸೆರಿ ಬಗೆವನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბანდარ-სერი-ბეგავანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბანდარ-სერი-ბეგავანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda_Seri" title="Banda Seri – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Banda Seri" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandarseribegavana" title="Bandarseribegavana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bandarseribegavana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begavanas" title="Bandar Seri Begavanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bandar Seri Begavanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar-Seri-Begavan" title="Bandar-Seri-Begavan – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bandar-Seri-Begavan" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बन्दर सेरी बेगावान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बन्दर सेरी बेगावान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар Сери Бегаван – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бандар Сери Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB" title="ബന്ദർ സെരി ബെഗവൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബന്ദർ സെരി ബെഗവൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बंदर स्री बगवान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बंदर स्री बगवान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბანდარ-სერი-ბეგავანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბანდარ-სერი-ბეგავანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بندر سرى بكاوان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بندر سرى بكاوان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بندر سری بگاوان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بندر سری بگاوان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар Сери Бегаван – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бандар Сери Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%86%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%98%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဘန်ဒါဆရီဘဂါဝမ်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘန်ဒါဆရီဘဂါဝမ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बन्दर सेरी बेगावान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बन्दर सेरी बेगावान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%96%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3" title="バンダルスリブガワン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バンダルスリブガワン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar-Seri-Begavan" title="Bandar-Seri-Begavan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bandar-Seri-Begavan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬੰਦਰ ਸੇਰੀ ਬੇਗਵਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੰਦਰ ਸੇਰੀ ਬੇਗਵਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بندر سری بیگوان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بندر سری بیگوان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="سری بګاوان بندر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سری بګاوان بندر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E2%81%A0%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B" title="បង់ដា⁠សេរីបេកាវ៉ាន់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បង់ដា⁠សេរីបេកាវ៉ាន់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begauan" title="Bandar Seri Begauan – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bandar Seri Begauan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بندر سري بيگاوان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بندر سري بيگاوان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8E%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بەندەر سێری بێگاوان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەندەر سێری بێگاوان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар Сери Бегаван – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бандар Сери Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பண்டார் செரி பெகாவான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்டார் செரி பெகாவான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бәндәр-Сери-Бегаван – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бәндәр-Сери-Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="บันดาร์เซอรีเบอกาวัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บันดาร์เซอรีเบอกาวัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begavan" title="Bandar Seri Begavan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bandar Seri Begavan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Сері-Бегаван – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бандар-Сері-Бегаван" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بندر سری بگاوان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بندر سری بگاوان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86" title="باندار سەرى بەگاۋان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="باندار سەرى بەگاۋان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begavan" title="Bandar Seri Begavan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bandar Seri Begavan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%B9%BE%E5%B8%82" title="斯里巴加湾市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯里巴加湾市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E5%8A%A0%E7%81%A3" title="斯里巴加灣 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斯里巴加灣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%B9%BE%E5%B8%82" title="斯里巴加湾市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯里巴加湾市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bandar Seri Begawan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99nd%C9%99r_S%C9%99ri_Begavan" title="Bəndər Səri Begavan – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Bəndər Səri Begavan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9279#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city of Brunei</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Brunei–Muara, Brunei</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Bandar Seri Begawan</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ms"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بندر سري بڬاوان</span>‎</span> (<a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">斯里巴加湾市</span></span> <br /><i>Sīlǐbājiāwānshì</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:107px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pusat_Bandar,_Brunei_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Pusat_Bandar%2C_Brunei_skyline.jpg/288px-Pusat_Bandar%2C_Brunei_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Pusat_Bandar%2C_Brunei_skyline.jpg/432px-Pusat_Bandar%2C_Brunei_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Pusat_Bandar%2C_Brunei_skyline.jpg/576px-Pusat_Bandar%2C_Brunei_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6283" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Skyline of the <a href="/wiki/Pusat_Bandar,_Brunei" title="Pusat Bandar, Brunei">city centre</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_12.jpg/142px-Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_12.jpg/213px-Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_12.jpg/284px-Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6783" data-file-height="4522" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddien_Mosque" title="Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque">Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_11.jpg/142px-Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_11.jpg/213px-Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_11.jpg/284px-Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Taman_Haji_Sir_Muda_Omar_%27Ali_Saifuddien" title="Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien">Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KgAyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/KgAyer.jpg/155px-KgAyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/KgAyer.jpg/233px-KgAyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/KgAyer.jpg/310px-KgAyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="1788" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Ayer" title="Kampong Ayer">Kampong Ayer</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BN-bsb-jame-asr-hassanil-m-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/BN-bsb-jame-asr-hassanil-m-2.jpg/129px-BN-bsb-jame-asr-hassanil-m-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/BN-bsb-jame-asr-hassanil-m-2.jpg/194px-BN-bsb-jame-asr-hassanil-m-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/BN-bsb-jame-asr-hassanil-m-2.jpg/258px-BN-bsb-jame-asr-hassanil-m-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3275" data-file-height="2183" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jame%27_Asr_Hassanil_Bolkiah_Mosque" title="Jame' Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque">Jame' Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesia-Brunei_17_October_2023_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Indonesia-Brunei_17_October_2023_01.jpg/142px-Indonesia-Brunei_17_October_2023_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Indonesia-Brunei_17_October_2023_01.jpg/213px-Indonesia-Brunei_17_October_2023_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Indonesia-Brunei_17_October_2023_01.jpg/284px-Indonesia-Brunei_17_October_2023_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6761" data-file-height="4507" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah_National_Stadium" title="Hassanal Bolkiah National Stadium">Hassanal Bolkiah National Stadium</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2022_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2022_06.jpg/142px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2022_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2022_06.jpg/213px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2022_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2022_06.jpg/284px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2022_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Energy_Hub" title="Brunei Energy Hub">Brunei Energy Hub</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Venice of the East<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">OpenStreetMap</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_c018c98ca3c244b33440a1fb7bbf5fd157ae9a57"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&revid=1258171069&groups=_c018c98ca3c244b33440a1fb7bbf5fd157ae9a57" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&revid=1258171069&groups=_c018c98ca3c244b33440a1fb7bbf5fd157ae9a57 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&params=4_53_25_N_114_56_32_E_region:BN_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">4°53′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°56′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4.89028°N 114.94222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">4.89028; 114.94222</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Brunei" title="Districts of Brunei">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Muara_District" title="Brunei–Muara District">Brunei–Muara</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1906</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Administrative centre</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1909</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1921</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Renamed Bandar Seri Begawan</th><td class="infobox-data">4 October 1970</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Board</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">100.36 km<sup>2</sup> (38.75 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2007)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">100,700</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,003.39/km<sup>2</sup> (2,598.8/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brunei_Darussalam_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei Darussalam Time">BNT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+673 2</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bandaran-bsb.gov.bn/Theme/Home.aspx">bandaran-bsb.gov.bn</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bandar Seri Begawan</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<b>BSB</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and largest city of <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>. It is officially a <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Brunei" title="Municipalities of Brunei">municipal area</a> (<span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">kawasan bandaran</i></span>) with an area of 100.36 square kilometres (38.75 sq mi) and an estimated population of 100,700 as of 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_est_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop_est-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (November 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> It is part of <a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Muara_District" title="Brunei–Muara District">Brunei–Muara District</a>, the smallest yet most populous district which is home to over 70 per cent of the country's population.<sup id="cite_ref-OBG_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the country's largest urban centre and nominally the country's only city. The capital is home to Brunei's seat of government, as well as a commercial and cultural centre. It was formerly known as <b>Brunei Town</b> until it was renamed in 1970 in honour of <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddien_III" title="Omar Ali Saifuddien III">Omar Ali Saifuddien III</a>, the 28th <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Brunei">Sultan of Brunei</a> and the father of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a>. </p><p>The history of Bandar Seri Begawan can be traced back to the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Malay people">Malay</a> stilt settlement on the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Brunei_River" title="Brunei River">Brunei River</a> which became the predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Ayer" title="Kampong Ayer">Kampong Ayer</a> today. It became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Sultanate_(1368%E2%80%931888)" title="Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)">Bruneian Sultanate</a> from the 16th century onwards, as well as in the 19th century when it became a British protectorate. The establishment of a British Residency in the 20th century saw the establishment of modern-day administration on land, as well as the gradual resettlement of the riverine dwellers to the land. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the capital was <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">occupied by the Japanese forces</a> from 1941 and bombed in 1945 upon liberation by Allied forces. Brunei's independence from the British was declared on 1 January 1984 on a square in the <a href="/wiki/Pusat_Bandar,_Brunei" title="Pusat Bandar, Brunei">city centre</a>. </p><p>Bandar Seri Begawan is home to <a href="/wiki/Istana_Nurul_Iman" title="Istana Nurul Iman">Istana Nurul Iman</a>, the largest residential palace in the world by the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GWR_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GWR-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddien_Mosque" title="Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque">Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque</a>, Brunei's iconic landmark. It is also home to <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Ayer" title="Kampong Ayer">Kampong Ayer</a>, the largest 'water village' in the world and nicknamed <a href="/wiki/Venice_of_the_East" title="Venice of the East">Venice of the East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_24.1.2018_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_24.1.2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was once the host city of the <a href="/wiki/1999_Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 Southeast Asian Games">20th Southeast Asian Games</a> in 1999 and 8th <a href="/wiki/APEC" class="mw-redirect" title="APEC">APEC</a> Summit in 2000. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was named after Sultan <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddien_III" title="Omar Ali Saifuddien III">Omar Ali Saifuddien III</a>, the 28th <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Brunei">Sultan of Brunei</a> and the father of the current Sultan, <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Group2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Group2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seri Begawan is part of the royal title bestowed on the late sultan upon his abdication from the throne in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Group2009_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Group2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorld_and_Its_Peoples20071206_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_and_Its_Peoples20071206-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was renamed on 4 October 1970 to commemorate his contribution to the modernisation of the country during his reign in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, the city had been known as Brunei Town or <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Bandar Brunei</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> (literally "Brunei City").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingWatsonSchellinger2012161_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingWatsonSchellinger2012161-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The growth and development of Brunei's historic capital city unfolded in three main stages. The first stage began in the <a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a> with the emergence of a water settlement near present-day <a href="/wiki/Kota_Batu,_Brunei" title="Kota Batu, Brunei">Kota Batu</a>. In the second stage, the capital shifted to the area around what is now <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Ayer" title="Kampong Ayer">Kampong Ayer</a>—a collection of water villages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhu200932_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhu200932-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Kampong Ayer, originally the ancient capital built over the <a href="/wiki/Brunei_River" title="Brunei River">Brunei River</a>, serves as a <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburb</a> of the modern capital on adjacent land,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1984203_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1984203-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having thrived particularly during Sultan <a href="/wiki/Bolkiah" title="Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a>'s reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright197713_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright197713-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This city was developed on land during the third phase, particularly after 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhu200932_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhu200932-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Over 300 years of intermittent conflict between the Malay Muslim tribes and Spanish conquistadors, known in Spanish chronicles as the <a href="/wiki/Malay%E2%80%93Portuguese_conflicts" title="Malay–Portuguese conflicts">Moro Wars</a>, began in 1578 when Catholic Spaniards attacked Kampong Ayer during the <a href="/wiki/Castilian_War" title="Castilian War">Castilian War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright197713_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright197713-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pirates, many of whom were Muslim sailors from the southern Philippines and Borneo, including destitute princes from the royal families of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a> and Brunei, took advantage of the void left by Kampong Ayer's loss in authority throughout the <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th</a> and <a href="/wiki/17th_centuries" class="mw-redirect" title="17th centuries">17th centuries</a>. Along with other important sites like <a href="/wiki/Endau" title="Endau">Endau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jolo" title="Jolo">Jolo</a>, the capital became a major hub for piracy and the trade in stolen goods and slaves as the sultan attempted to regulate or tax these pirate towns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright197717–18_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright197717–18-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandar_Seri_Begawan_in_1844.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_in_1844.jpg/220px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_in_1844.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_in_1844.jpg/330px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_in_1844.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_in_1844.jpg/440px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_in_1844.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of Kampong Ayer's stilt houses on the Brunei River in 1844</figcaption></figure><p>Kampong Ayer was still humble and less affluent by the middle of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and its look had not altered much since <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pigafetta" title="Antonio Pigafetta">Antonio Pigafetta</a>'s time. It was dubbed a "Venice of hovels" by <a href="/wiki/Rajah_James_Brooke" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajah James Brooke">Rajah James Brooke</a> in 1841. Houses were constructed on <a href="/wiki/Mudflat" title="Mudflat">mudflats</a>, encircled by mud at low tide and water at high tide, and a floating market was crowded with people peddling things from <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoes</a>. Despite its unattractive appearance, the town was renowned for its packed buildings and the spacious but uncomfortable palace, where Brooke was made to feel quite welcome by the sultan and his court despite the gloomy and basic lodgings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright197719–20_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright197719–20-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Known as the "Venice of Borneo," Kampong Ayer is distinguished by its position on a wide river that empties into a sizeable lake and by the fact that its homes are perched on piles that are around 10 feet (3.0 m) above the tide. The formerly thriving town has lost both size and significance, as seen by its dilapidated buildings and shortage of defences. Once enclosed by a sturdy brick wall and furnished with opulent furnishings, the sultan's palace looks like a cheap shed. The town's filthy state is exacerbated by offensive smells coming from uncovered mud, where waste builds up. In sharp contrast to the town's historical splendour, the majority of the population is made up of slaves and the Sultan's and nobility's dependents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright197720–22_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright197720–22-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brunei Town's development unfolded in three major phases, with the third beginning in 1906 under <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Stewart_Hannibal_McArthur" title="Malcolm Stewart Hannibal McArthur">Malcolm McArthur</a>'s guidance, focusing on transitioning the settlement to land.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhu200932_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhu200932-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His vision aimed to address the sanitation issues that were most severe in Kampong Ayer, a water village with 8,000–10,000 residents when the <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_of_British_Brunei" title="List of administrators of British Brunei">Residential system</a> was introduced. McArthur prioritised constructing a land-based colony,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> starting with his own residence, <a href="/wiki/Bubungan_Dua_Belas" title="Bubungan Dua Belas">Bubungan Dua Belas</a>, even though the sultan's palace remained in Kampong Ayer.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1910, Chinese immigrants had opened shops, further establishing the colony on land.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhu200932_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhu200932-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1911, the water village, largely populated by <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Brunei" title="Islam in Brunei">Malay Muslim</a> and a small <a href="/wiki/Kedayan" title="Kedayan">Kedayan</a> community in nearby areas, was home to many houses built over water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorton1986354_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorton1986354-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capital endured severe hardship after losing <a href="/wiki/Limbang" title="Limbang">Limbang</a>, which had provided essential resources to river villagers; this loss also undermined Sultan <a href="/wiki/Hashim_Jalilul_Alam_Aqamaddin" title="Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin">Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin</a>'s prestige and authority amid growing economic challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorton1986356_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorton1986356-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1920, the area was officially designated as Brunei’s capital and municipal territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhu200932_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhu200932-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along the western riverbanks, government buildings and a mosque were constructed in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorld_and_Its_Peoples20071206_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_and_Its_Peoples20071206-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on 1 January 1921, the Brunei Town Sanitary Board (BTSB) was established to oversee its development.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhu200932_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhu200932-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1922, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jamalul_Alam_II" title="Muhammad Jamalul Alam II">Muhammad Jamalul Alam II</a>'s decision to relocate his palace from <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Sungai_Kedayan" title="Mukim Sungai Kedayan">Kampung Sultan Lama</a> to the interior of Brunei Town<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> renewed interest in Resident McArthur's proposal for relocating the <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Ayer" title="Kampong Ayer">Kampong Ayer</a> community. His involvement inspired Kampong Ayer residents to consider mainland resettlement, and relocation efforts in the 1920s began expanding beyond the <a href="/wiki/Pusat_Bandar,_Brunei" title="Pusat Bandar, Brunei">city centre</a> to areas like <a href="/wiki/Tungkadeh" title="Tungkadeh">Tungkadeh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kumbang_Pasang" title="Kumbang Pasang">Kumbang Pasang</a>, marking a significant shift in Brunei’s urban development.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsbol201463–64_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsbol201463–64-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:128816_Fires_burn_in_Brunei_town_after_rocket_attacks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/128816_Fires_burn_in_Brunei_town_after_rocket_attacks.jpg/220px-128816_Fires_burn_in_Brunei_town_after_rocket_attacks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/128816_Fires_burn_in_Brunei_town_after_rocket_attacks.jpg/330px-128816_Fires_burn_in_Brunei_town_after_rocket_attacks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/128816_Fires_burn_in_Brunei_town_after_rocket_attacks.jpg/440px-128816_Fires_burn_in_Brunei_town_after_rocket_attacks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>Aerial photograph of Brunei Town under Allied bombing in 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:80-G-259688_Brunei_invasion,_June_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/80-G-259688_Brunei_invasion%2C_June_1945.jpg/220px-80-G-259688_Brunei_invasion%2C_June_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/80-G-259688_Brunei_invasion%2C_June_1945.jpg/330px-80-G-259688_Brunei_invasion%2C_June_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/80-G-259688_Brunei_invasion%2C_June_1945.jpg/440px-80-G-259688_Brunei_invasion%2C_June_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3246" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Naval_bombardment" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval bombardment">Naval bombardment</a> prior to the Allied landings at <a href="/wiki/Muara_Beach" title="Muara Beach">Muara Beach</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the Japanese launched an assault starting in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Belait" title="Kuala Belait">Kuala Belait</a>, Brunei Town was overrun by them on 22 December 1941. To British officers they had seized, the Japanese declared their intention to free Asia from colonial rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarlesJukimDhont20167_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarlesJukimDhont20167-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to an <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> embargo that hampered the local economy, Brunei Town experienced extreme economic duress during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese occupation of Brunei">Japanese occupation</a>. On 22 December 1941, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Tajuddin" title="Ahmad Tajuddin">Ahmad Tajuddin</a>, who was based in Kampong Sumbiling, surrendered to <a href="/wiki/Kiyotake_Kawaguchi" title="Kiyotake Kawaguchi">General Tawaguchi</a>. By encouraging agriculture and requiring farmers to turn over a percentage of their harvests, Japan sought to integrate Brunei's culture and economy with its own, appointing <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Mohammad_Jahfar" title="Ibrahim Mohammad Jahfar">Ibrahim Mohammad Jahfar</a> as head of administration under Governor Takamura.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarlesJukimDhont20168–9_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarlesJukimDhont20168–9-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese instituted stringent cultural initiatives, such as teaching Japanese language and values and establishing youth groups like the Brunei Malay Organisation, in an effort to exploit the oil riches. The town was brutally bombarded by Allied forces beginning in November 1944 and subjected to extreme brutality by the Japanese military police, the <i><a href="/wiki/Kempeitai" title="Kempeitai">Kempeitai</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarlesJukimDhont20168_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarlesJukimDhont20168-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After three days of warfare, American and Australian forces captured Brunei on 10 June 1945, but Brunei Town suffered significant damage. Brunei Malays had a stronger sense of national identity at this time, and local partners went on to play important roles in the burgeoning nationalist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarlesJukimDhont20168_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarlesJukimDhont20168-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town's wartime population of 16,000 was reduced to a small number of people who remained when the war came to a close due to Allied bombs and food shortages. Residents were forced to observe from neighboring hills or take cover in the bush after the bombers destroyed almost all of the town's homes and businesses. Bruneians started reconstructing their homes out of the debris left by the bombs after the Japanese withdrew into the forest in June 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarlesJukimDhont201625_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarlesJukimDhont201625-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandar_Brunei_(1947).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bandar_Brunei_%281947%29.jpg/220px-Bandar_Brunei_%281947%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bandar_Brunei_%281947%29.jpg/330px-Bandar_Brunei_%281947%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bandar_Brunei_%281947%29.jpg/440px-Bandar_Brunei_%281947%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1991" data-file-height="1304" /></a><figcaption>Brunei Town (right) in 1947</figcaption></figure><p> The town became a focal point for important institutional and religious transformation following the war. To further Islamic matters, a board of 19 notable individuals and not all of them were religious experts, was formed in 1948. In order to increase the sultan's legitimacy in the face of British scrutiny, this reform sought to standardise religious courts, codify <a href="/wiki/Islamic_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic law">Islamic law</a>, and enhance the management of Islamic services under his direct control. Despite having little contact with Brunei's western regions, new groups like the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> contributed to the region's religious life in the 1950s, which witnessed a considerable increase in religious activity in the town. Despite the oil industry's fast growth in urban areas like <a href="/wiki/Seria" title="Seria">Seria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Belait" title="Kuala Belait">Kuala Belait</a>, no clear regional religious identity was able to emerge because of the close institutional ties between Brunei Town's religious establishment and the surrounding districts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansurnoor199650_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansurnoor199650-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brunei_Town_in_1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Brunei_Town_in_1950.jpg/220px-Brunei_Town_in_1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Brunei_Town_in_1950.jpg/330px-Brunei_Town_in_1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Brunei_Town_in_1950.jpg/440px-Brunei_Town_in_1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6186" data-file-height="4141" /></a><figcaption>Brunei Town's city centre in 1950</figcaption></figure><p>In the post-war period, particularly throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Brunei focused on social and religious growth as well as urban reconstruction. Years of occupation during the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a> had left the city’s infrastructure severely damaged, necessitating quick solutions like the rapid reconstruction of Brunei Town's stores and the temporary thatched-roof rebuild of Masjid Kajang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansurnoor199649_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansurnoor199649-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953, the town saw significant investment through a five-year <a href="/wiki/National_Development_Plan_(Brunei)" title="National Development Plan (Brunei)">National Development Plan</a> funded with <a href="/wiki/Malayan_dollar" title="Malayan dollar">M$</a>100 million, primarily for infrastructure, following Sultan <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddien_III" title="Omar Ali Saifuddien III">Omar Ali Saifuddien III</a>'s successful negotiation with the British for increased corporate taxes and expanded war reparations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarie-Sybille_de_Vienne2015105–108_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarie-Sybille_de_Vienne2015105–108-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953, a major development plan was introduced, dedicating $100 million to the city's growth—a significant investment for a community of just 54,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansurnoor199649_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansurnoor199649-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year on 1 August,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the BTSB was renamed the Brunei Town Municipal Board (BTMB) and administered by the British Resident until 1959. From then on, the Brunei–Muara District Officer took on dual roles as head and chairman of the BTMB.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhu200932_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhu200932-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brunei's population tripled to 83,877 by 1960 as a result of immigration brought on by oilfield finds in Belait.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorton1986354_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorton1986354-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capital was now competing economically with the burgeoning cities of Seria and Kuala Belait. Although the majority did not hold Bruneian citizenship, the Chinese community, who were extensively involved in local commerce, increased to a quarter of the population by 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorton1986355_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorton1986355-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Brunei_revolt" title="Brunei revolt">Brunei revolt</a> began on 8 December 1962, when the <a href="/wiki/North_Kalimantan_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="North Kalimantan National Army">North Kalimantan National Army</a> quickly captured Brunei Town, the <a href="/wiki/Seria_oil_field" title="Seria oil field">oilfields at Seria</a>, and portions of <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">North Borneo</a>. In response, British forces, including <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gurkha_Rifles" title="Royal Gurkha Rifles">Gurkhas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>, regained control of most key centres by 11 December, resulting in the capture or surrender of around 2,700.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockwell2004798_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockwell2004798-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_era">Independence era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Independence era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Together with the expansion of the oil and gas industry, commercialisation began to transform Brunei's capital and a large number of public buildings were constructed, along with the development of a central business district in the 1970s and 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorld_and_Its_Peoples20071206_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_and_Its_Peoples20071206-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERingWatsonSchellinger2012161_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERingWatsonSchellinger2012161-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brunei Town was formally renamed Bandar Seri Begawan on 4 October 1970, in honour of the retired Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III, with the renaming ceremony held at the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreat_Britain_Colonial_Office1971363_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreat_Britain_Colonial_Office1971363-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 January 1984, at midnight, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a> declared Brunei's <a href="/wiki/National_Day_(Brunei)" title="National Day (Brunei)">independence</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Taman_Haji_Sir_Muda_Omar_%27Ali_Saifuddien" title="Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien">Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(Brunei)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (Brunei)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a> has been in charge of the Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Board since the country's independence in 1984. The new town has grown along Jalan Berakas and Jalan Muara in the north and Jalan Tutong and Jalan Gadong in the west.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhu200932_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhu200932-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 August 2007, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah gave consent for the expansion of the city from 12.87 km<sup>2</sup> (4.97 sq mi) to 100.36 km<sup>2</sup> (38.75 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge2014_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge2014-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is administered by the Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Board within Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Department, a government department within the Ministry of Home Affairs. The Municipal Board was established in 1921, originally as a Sanitary Board (<i><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Lembaga Kebersihan</i></span></i>) which was, and is still, responsible for maintaining the cleanliness to the then Brunei Town.<sup id="cite_ref-bandaran19may19_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bandaran19may19-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It achieved the status of <i><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">bandaran</i></span></i> (municipality) in 1935 with the conversion of the Sanitary Board into the current Municipal Board (<i><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Lembaga Bandaran</i></span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-bandaran19may19_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bandaran19may19-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is located in <a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Muara_District" title="Brunei–Muara District">Brunei–Muara District</a>, the smallest yet the most populous <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Brunei" title="Districts of Brunei">district</a> in the country,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as of 1 August 2007, the municipal area has been expanded from 12.87 square kilometres (4.97 sq mi) to 100.36 square kilometres (38.75 sq mi). The Bandar Seri Begawan area encompasses several <a href="/wiki/Mukims_of_Brunei" title="Mukims of Brunei">mukims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Brunei" title="Villages of Brunei">villages</a> within the district, including <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Berakas_%27A%27" title="Mukim Berakas 'A'">Mukim Berakas 'A'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Berakas_%27B%27" title="Mukim Berakas 'B'">Mukim Berakas 'B'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Burong_Pingai_Ayer" title="Mukim Burong Pingai Ayer">Mukim Burong Pingai Ayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Gadong_%27A%27" title="Mukim Gadong 'A'">Mukim Gadong 'A'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Gadong_%27B%27" title="Mukim Gadong 'B'">Mukim Gadong 'B'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Kianggeh" title="Mukim Kianggeh">Mukim Kianggeh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Kilanas" title="Mukim Kilanas">Mukim Kilanas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Kota_Batu" title="Mukim Kota Batu">Mukim Kota Batu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Peramu" title="Mukim Peramu">Mukim Peramu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Saba" title="Mukim Saba">Mukim Saba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Sungai_Kebun" title="Mukim Sungai Kebun">Mukim Sungai Kebun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Sungai_Kedayan" title="Mukim Sungai Kedayan">Mukim Sungai Kedayan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Tamoi" title="Mukim Tamoi">Mukim Tamoi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Brunei–Muara District, encompassing 563 square kilometres (217 sq mi), is the smallest of Brunei’s western districts and is home to Bandar Seri Begawan. The area contrasts sharply with the mountainous Temburong District to the east, featuring low hills, marshy coastal plains, and narrow alluvial valleys along key rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChuaChouSadorra19875_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChuaChouSadorra19875-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between <a href="/wiki/Tutong_District" title="Tutong District">Tutong</a> and the capital, hills approach the coast, while the coastal plains around Bandar Seri Begawan remain low and marshy, particularly to the south. Brunei's territory is divided by the <a href="/wiki/Limbang" title="Limbang">Limbang</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, which historically served as the capital's natural <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a> until its cession to Sarawak in 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaunders2013xvi_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaunders2013xvi-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is easily accessible from Bukit Kota, a 133-meter (436 ft) hill near the eastern boundary of Brunei's western area,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while TV broadcasts were transmitted from nearby <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Subok" title="Kampong Subok">Subok Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunaratne2000229_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunaratne2000229-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Brunei_River" title="Brunei River">Brunei River</a>, which flows into <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Bay" title="Brunei Bay">Brunei Bay</a>, is one of several waterways converging near Bandar Seri Begawan. Key subcatchments—<a href="/wiki/Kedayan_River" title="Kedayan River">Kedayan River</a>, Sungai Damuan, and Sungai Imang—enter the low-lying, swampy Brunei River basin at various points, with Kedayan River joining close to the city. The area is bordered by ridges and estuarine plains, experiencing significant urban development. The neighboring <a href="/wiki/Tutong_River" title="Tutong River">Tutong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belait_River" title="Belait River">Belait</a> rivers add to the region’s complex estuarine and floodplain systems.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChuaChouSadorra198710_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChuaChouSadorra198710-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A strip of thick coal seams runs along the coastline between Bandar Seri Begawan and Muara.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChuaChouSadorra198765_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChuaChouSadorra198765-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brunei has an equatorial, <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a> more subject to the <a href="/wiki/Intertropical_Convergence_Zone" title="Intertropical Convergence Zone">Intertropical Convergence Zone</a> than to the <a href="/wiki/Trade_wind" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade wind">trade winds</a> and rare <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclones</a>. The climate is hot and wet.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city sees heavy precipitation throughout the year, with the northeast <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> blowing from December to March and the southeast monsoon from around June to October.<sup id="cite_ref-Nations1999_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nations1999-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wettest day on record is 9 July 2020, when 662.0 millimetres (26.06 in) of rainfall was reported at the airport. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bandar Seri Begawan (<a href="/wiki/Brunei_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei Airport">Brunei Airport</a>) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1972–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">320.6<br />(12.62) </td> <td style="background: #00F300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.9<br />(6.41) </td> <td style="background: #29FF29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.4<br />(5.65) </td> <td style="background: #008900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">241.8<br />(9.52) </td> <td style="background: #007A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">260.3<br />(10.25) </td> <td style="background: #008F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">237.7<br />(9.36) </td> <td style="background: #009500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">241.8<br />(9.52) </td> <td style="background: #00A500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">231.5<br />(9.11) </td> <td style="background: #009300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">235.1<br />(9.26) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">313.6<br />(12.35) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">322.9<br />(12.71) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">358.9<br />(14.13) </td> <td style="background: #007900; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,070.5<br />(120.89) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.0 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.0 </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.0 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.0 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.0 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.0 </td> <td style="background: #2222FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">211 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">85 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.3 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.1 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">230.0 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239.2 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239.1 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">216.5 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223.8 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">225.4 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.2 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.1 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">216.6 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.2 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,626.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Meteorological Organisation">World Meteorological Organisation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WMONormals_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMONormals-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (extremes, 1971–2012 and humidity, 1972–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bruneian Census 2011 Report estimated the population of Bandar Seri Begawan to be approximately 20,000, while the metropolitan area has around 279,924.<sup id="cite_ref-statistics_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-demographic_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographic-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Bruneians are <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Malay people">Malays</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Bruneian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Bruneian">Chinese</a> being the most significant minority group.<sup id="cite_ref-demographic_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographic-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aboriginal groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Bisaya_(Borneo)" title="Bisaya (Borneo)">Bisaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belait_people" title="Belait people">Belait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dusun_people" title="Dusun people">Dusun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kedayan" title="Kedayan">Kedayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lun_Bawang" title="Lun Bawang">Lun Bawang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murut_people" title="Murut people">Murut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tutong_people" title="Tutong people">Tutong</a> also exist. They are classified as part of the Malay ethnic groups and have been given the <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Brunei)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumiputera (Brunei)">Bumiputera</a> privileges.<sup id="cite_ref-statistics_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large numbers of foreign workers are also found within Brunei and the capital city, with the majority being from Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia (mostly Betawi, Batak, Ambon, Minahasa, Aceh, Malay and Minangkabau), and the <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">Indian subcontinent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights_and_tourism">Main sights and tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Main sights and tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_Mosque_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sultan_Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_Mosque_02.jpg/220px-Sultan_Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_Mosque_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sultan_Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_Mosque_02.jpg/330px-Sultan_Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_Mosque_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sultan_Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_Mosque_02.jpg/440px-Sultan_Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_Mosque_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3933" data-file-height="2622" /></a><figcaption>Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque </figcaption></figure><p> Numerous important historical and religious sites may be found in Bandar Seri Begawan. The <a href="/wiki/Ash-Shaliheen_Mosque" title="Ash-Shaliheen Mosque">Ash-Shaliheen Mosque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jame%27_Asr_Hassanil_Bolkiah_Mosque" title="Jame' Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque">Jame' Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddien_Mosque" title="Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque">Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque</a> are notable mosques. Another noteworthy house of worship is the <a href="/wiki/Pro-Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Assumption_(Brunei)" title="Pro-Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption (Brunei)">Pro-Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption</a>. The tombs of Bolkiah and <a href="/wiki/Sharif_Ali" title="Sharif Ali">Sharif Ali</a> in Kota Batu are key historical attractions, symbolising Brunei's rich legacy. The <a href="/wiki/Lapau" title="Lapau">Lapau</a>, traditionally used for royal ceremonies, and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Lapau" title="Old Lapau">Old Lapau</a>, now a gallery in the <a href="/wiki/Brunei_History_Centre" title="Brunei History Centre">Brunei History Centre</a>, add to the city's cultural significance. The city also hosts several museums. The <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Museum" title="Brunei Museum">Brunei Museum</a>, situated in the <a href="/wiki/Kota_Batu_Archaeological_Park" title="Kota Batu Archaeological Park">Kota Batu Archaeological Park</a>, is the country’s largest archaeological site. Other notable museums include the <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Darussalam_Maritime_Museum" title="Brunei Darussalam Maritime Museum">Brunei Darussalam Maritime Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Energy_Hub" title="Brunei Energy Hub">Brunei Energy Hub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Ayer_Cultural_and_Tourism_Gallery" title="Kampong Ayer Cultural and Tourism Gallery">Kampong Ayer Cultural and Tourism Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malay_Technology_Museum" title="Malay Technology Museum">Malay Technology Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Regalia_Museum" title="Royal Regalia Museum">Royal Regalia Museum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bubungan_Dua_Belas" title="Bubungan Dua Belas">Bubungan Dua Belas</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Istana_Darussalam_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Istana_Darussalam_02.jpg/220px-Istana_Darussalam_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Istana_Darussalam_02.jpg/330px-Istana_Darussalam_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Istana_Darussalam_02.jpg/440px-Istana_Darussalam_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Istana Darussalam</figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/Istana_Darussalam" title="Istana Darussalam">Istana Darussalam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mahani_13.5.2013_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahani_13.5.2013-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Istana_Darul_Hana" title="Istana Darul Hana">Istana Darul Hana</a> are former royal residences of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III, while the <a href="/wiki/Istana_Nurul_Iman" title="Istana Nurul Iman">Istana Nurul Iman</a> palace currently serves as the residence of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_Brunei" title="Secretariat Building, Brunei">Secretariat Building</a>, the oldest government structure, holds the seat of government known as "<a href="/wiki/State_Secretary_of_Brunei" title="State Secretary of Brunei">State Secretary</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Raja_Ayang_Mausoleum" title="Raja Ayang Mausoleum">Raja Ayang Mausoleum</a>, dating back to the 15th century, is believed to honor a royal who was punished for incest, and it has since become a cultural site where visitors often seek blessings, despite some damage caused by offerings. <a href="/wiki/Kubah_Makam_Di_Raja" title="Kubah Makam Di Raja">Kubah Makam Di Raja</a> is the main burial ground for several sultans and royal family members of Brunei, adding to the country's historical significance. </p><p>The city's suburb incorporates nearby Kampong Ayer, in which houses were built on <a href="/wiki/Stilts_(architecture)" title="Stilts (architecture)">stilts</a>. It stretches about 8 km (5.0 mi) along the Brunei River. Founded 1,000 years ago,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the village is considered the largest stilt settlement in the world, with approximately 30,000 residents and 2,000 houses.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "Venice of the East" was coined by Pigafetta in honour of the water village that he encountered at Kota Batu. Pigafetta was on <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a>'s last voyages when he visited Brunei in 1521.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several parks and trails in the city serve as landmarks of historical and cultural significance. <a href="/wiki/Taman_Haji_Sir_Muda_Omar_%27Ali_Saifuddien" title="Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien">Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien</a>, for example, was where Brunei's <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_independence" title="Declaration of independence">declaration of independence</a> was read on 1 January 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Taman_Mahkota_Jubli_Emas" title="Taman Mahkota Jubli Emas">Taman Mahkota Jubli Emas</a>, inaugurated on 22 October 2017, commemorates the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Golden Jubilee of Hassanal Bolkiah">Golden Jubilee of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah</a>'s rule,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Haji_Hassanal_Bolkiah_Silver_Jubilee_Park" title="Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Silver Jubilee Park">Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Silver Jubilee Park</a>, opened in 2004, celebrates the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Jubilee">Silver Jubilee</a> of his reign. <a href="/wiki/Tasek_Lama_Recreational_Park" title="Tasek Lama Recreational Park">Tasek Lama Recreational Park</a> is one of the oldest recognised parks in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Pusat Belia, Brunei's <a href="/wiki/Youth_center" title="Youth center">youth centre</a>, was established on 20 December 1969 after being commissioned by then-Crown Prince Hassanal Bolkiah in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Pelita_6.9.1967_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pelita_6.9.1967-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pelita_3.3.2018_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pelita_3.3.2018-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brudirect_6.2.2020_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brudirect_6.2.2020-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The center, costing B$2 million,<sup id="cite_ref-Pelita_25.10.1967_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pelita_25.10.1967-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> includes extensive facilities such as a hall for 1,000 people, a gymnastics hall, an Olympic-sized pool, and a gender-separated hostel,<sup id="cite_ref-Pelita_25.10.1967_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pelita_25.10.1967-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it celebrated its golden jubilee in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-Brudirect_6.2.2020_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brudirect_6.2.2020-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bus_station_BSB.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/91/Bus_station_BSB.JPG/220px-Bus_station_BSB.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/91/Bus_station_BSB.JPG/330px-Bus_station_BSB.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/91/Bus_station_BSB.JPG/440px-Bus_station_BSB.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The main bus station in 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boats_Beside_the_Brunei_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Boats_Beside_the_Brunei_river.jpg/220px-Boats_Beside_the_Brunei_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Boats_Beside_the_Brunei_river.jpg/330px-Boats_Beside_the_Brunei_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Boats_Beside_the_Brunei_river.jpg/440px-Boats_Beside_the_Brunei_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">Water taxis</a> awaiting passengers</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land">Land</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Land"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The capital is connected by bus from Bandar Seri Begawan to the western part of the country by road. Road access to/from the exclave of <a href="/wiki/Temburong_District" title="Temburong District">Temburong</a> is via the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Haji_Omar_Ali_Saifuddien_Bridge" title="Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien Bridge">Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien Bridge</a> — until the bridge opened in 2020, it was necessary to travel through <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, via the town of <a href="/wiki/Limbang" title="Limbang">Limbang</a>. </p><p>The main bus station in the capital is located in Jalan Cator underneath a multi-story car park. There are six bus routes servicing Bandar Seri Begawan area; the Central Line, Circle Line, Eastern Line, Southern Line, Western Line and Northern Line. Buses operate from 6.30 am until 6.00 pm except for bus No. 1 and 20 for which services extend into the night. All bus routes begin and terminate their journey at the main bus terminal. Buses heading to other towns in Brunei such as Tutong, Seria and Kuala Belait also depart from the main bus terminal and <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxicab</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brunei_International_Airport" title="Brunei International Airport">Brunei International Airport</a> serves the whole country. It is located 11 km (6.8 mi) from the town centre and can be reached in 10 minutes via the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Highway. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Airlines" title="Royal Brunei Airlines">Royal Brunei Airlines</a>, the national airline, has its head office in the RBA Plaza in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ships up to 280 feet (85 m) long may dock in the old port of Bandar Seri Begawan, which is located 17 miles upstream from the mouth of the Brunei River. A 124-foot passenger pier, a 730-foot reinforced concrete wharf, and an electrically powered ramp are among the port's amenities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreat_Britain_Colonial_Office1972338_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreat_Britain_Colonial_Office1972338-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ships may purchase purified fresh water in the capital for $2.00 per 1,000 gallons. The Marine Department keeps track of use and bills the ship's agent. The Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Board is credited with the money received from these water sales.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreat_Britain_Colonial_Office1972342_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreat_Britain_Colonial_Office1972342-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the city and <a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Victoria Harbour</a>, a passenger boat that also transports mail runs every day (except for Sundays). On Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays, an outboard motorboat service also carries mail and people between Bandar Seri Begawan to <a href="/wiki/Bangar,_Brunei" title="Bangar, Brunei">Bangar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Temburong_District" title="Temburong District">Temburong District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreat_Britain_Colonial_Office1972343_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreat_Britain_Colonial_Office1972343-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">water taxi</a> service known as 'penambang' is used for transportation between downtown Bandar Seri Begawan and <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Ayer" title="Kampong Ayer">Kampong Ayer</a>. Water taxis are the most common means of negotiating the waterways of Kampong Ayer. They can be hailed from the numerous "docking parts" along the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Brunei_River" title="Brunei River">Brunei River</a>. Fares are negotiable. Regular water taxi and boat services depart for <a href="/wiki/Temburong_District" title="Temburong District">Temburong</a> between 7:45 am and 4 pm daily, and also serve the Malaysian towns of <a href="/wiki/Limbang" title="Limbang">Limbang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawas" title="Lawas">Lawas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sundar,_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sundar, Malaysia (page does not exist)">Sundar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labuan_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Labuan Territory">Labuan</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Speedboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Speedboat">speedboat</a> is used for passengers travelling to Penambang from <a href="/wiki/Bangar,_Brunei" title="Bangar, Brunei">Bangar</a> and Limbang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economy of Bandar Seri Begawan includes the production of <a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">textiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handicraft" title="Handicraft">handicrafts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For shopping, the <a href="/wiki/Gadong,_Brunei" title="Gadong, Brunei">Gadong</a> commercial area is popular, offering a range of shops, restaurants, and cafes. The traditional <a href="/wiki/Kianggeh_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Kianggeh Market">Kianggeh Market</a>, believed to be Brunei’s oldest market, mainly sells local cuisine, seafood, and fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-Ak_Jefferi_2017_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ak_Jefferi_2017-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Kiarong" title="Kampong Kiarong">Gadong Night Market</a> is known for its diverse food offerings, from local specialties like roti john, ambuyat, and satay to exotic fruits such as durian and jackfruit.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bandar Seri Begawan is home to several notable schools across various educational levels. Primary and secondary institutions include the historic <a href="/wiki/Raja_Isteri_Girls_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Isteri Girls High School">Raja Isteri Girls High School</a>, established in 1957 as the country's first all-girls secondary school,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with private schools such as <a href="/wiki/Jerudong_International_School" title="Jerudong International School">Jerudong International School</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_School_Brunei" title="International School Brunei">International School Brunei</a>. The city also has government sixth form centers: <a href="/wiki/Duli_Pengiran_Muda_Al-Muhtadee_Billah_College" title="Duli Pengiran Muda Al-Muhtadee Billah College">Duli Pengiran Muda Al-Muhtadee Billah College</a> for general studies and <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah_Boys%27_Arabic_Secondary_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassanal Bolkiah Boys' Arabic Secondary School">Hassanal Bolkiah Boys' Arabic Secondary School</a> for students from Arabic secondary religious schools. </p><p>In higher education, Bandar Seri Begawan hosts two national universities: <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Sharif_Ali_Islamic_University" title="Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University">Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University</a>, focused on Islamic studies,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Seri_Begawan_Religious_Teachers_University_College" title="Seri Begawan Religious Teachers University College">Seri Begawan Religious Teachers University College</a>, which specialises in training teachers for religious education. Technical and vocational education is available at two campuses of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Brunei_Technical_Education" title="Institute of Brunei Technical Education">Institute of Brunei Technical Education</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Polytechnic" title="Brunei Polytechnic">Brunei Polytechnic</a>. Additionally, two private colleges, <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_College_of_Commerce_and_Technology" title="Cosmopolitan College of Commerce and Technology">Cosmopolitan College of Commerce and Technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laksamana_College_of_Business" title="Laksamana College of Business">Laksamana College of Business</a>, offer bachelor programs.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several countries have set up their embassies, commissions or consulates in Bandar Seri Begawan, including Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belgium, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma (Myanmar)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, China,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finland,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germany,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japan,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Netherlands, New Zealand, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, Pakistan, <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_Philippines,_Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Embassy of the Philippines, Bandar Seri Begawan">Philippines</a>, Poland, Russia, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, Sweden, Switzerland, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United Kingdom,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United States<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, PR China<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_taxi_001,_Bandar_Seri_Begawan,_Brunei.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Water taxis on the Brunei River"><img alt="Water taxis on the Brunei River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Water_taxi_001%2C_Bandar_Seri_Begawan%2C_Brunei.JPG/240px-Water_taxi_001%2C_Bandar_Seri_Begawan%2C_Brunei.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Water_taxi_001%2C_Bandar_Seri_Begawan%2C_Brunei.JPG/360px-Water_taxi_001%2C_Bandar_Seri_Begawan%2C_Brunei.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Water_taxi_001%2C_Bandar_Seri_Begawan%2C_Brunei.JPG/480px-Water_taxi_001%2C_Bandar_Seri_Begawan%2C_Brunei.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Water taxis on the Brunei River</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BSB_Library.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Library"><img alt="Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/BSB_Library.JPG/270px-BSB_Library.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/BSB_Library.JPG/405px-BSB_Library.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/BSB_Library.JPG/540px-BSB_Library.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1824" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Bahasa_dan_Pustaka_Library" title="Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Library">Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Library</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Regalie_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Regalia Museum"><img alt="Royal Regalia Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Royal_Regalie_%281%29.JPG/235px-Royal_Regalie_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="157" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Royal_Regalie_%281%29.JPG/353px-Royal_Regalie_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Royal_Regalie_%281%29.JPG/471px-Royal_Regalie_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2461" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Regalia Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretariat Building"><img alt="Secretariat Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_10.jpg/270px-Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_10.jpg/405px-Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_10.jpg/540px-Pusat_Bandar_19_February_2023_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Secretariat Building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RIPAS_Bridge_21_December_2023_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha Bridge"><img alt="Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/RIPAS_Bridge_21_December_2023_02.jpg/270px-RIPAS_Bridge_21_December_2023_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/RIPAS_Bridge_21_December_2023_02.jpg/405px-RIPAS_Bridge_21_December_2023_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/RIPAS_Bridge_21_December_2023_02.jpg/540px-RIPAS_Bridge_21_December_2023_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6684" data-file-height="4456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Raja_Isteri_Pengiran_Anak_Hajah_Saleha_Bridge" title="Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha Bridge">Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha Bridge</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2023_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prime Minister's Office"><img alt="Prime Minister's Office" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2023_04.jpg/270px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2023_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2023_04.jpg/405px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2023_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2023_04.jpg/540px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_31_December_2023_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6800" data-file-height="4533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(Brunei)" title="Prime Minister's Office (Brunei)">Prime Minister's Office</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_33.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taman Mahkota Jubli Emas"><img alt="Taman Mahkota Jubli Emas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_33.jpg/270px-Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_33.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_33.jpg/405px-Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_33.jpg/540px-Brunei_Fireworks_%26_Drone_Light_Show_2024_33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6960" data-file-height="4640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Taman Mahkota Jubli Emas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MMN7.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dewan Majlis"><img alt="Dewan Majlis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/MMN7.JPG/269px-MMN7.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/MMN7.JPG/404px-MMN7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/MMN7.JPG/538px-MMN7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Brunei" title="Legislative Council of Brunei">Dewan Majlis</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wedding_Procession_of_Abdul_Mateen_and_Anisha_Rosnah_142.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Istana Nurul Iman"><img alt="Istana Nurul Iman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Wedding_Procession_of_Abdul_Mateen_and_Anisha_Rosnah_142.jpg/270px-Wedding_Procession_of_Abdul_Mateen_and_Anisha_Rosnah_142.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Wedding_Procession_of_Abdul_Mateen_and_Anisha_Rosnah_142.jpg/405px-Wedding_Procession_of_Abdul_Mateen_and_Anisha_Rosnah_142.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Wedding_Procession_of_Abdul_Mateen_and_Anisha_Rosnah_142.jpg/540px-Wedding_Procession_of_Abdul_Mateen_and_Anisha_Rosnah_142.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6842" data-file-height="4561" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Istana Nurul Iman</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gadong_Night_Market_4_October_2024_24.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gadong Night Market"><img alt="Gadong Night Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gadong_Night_Market_4_October_2024_24.jpg/270px-Gadong_Night_Market_4_October_2024_24.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gadong_Night_Market_4_October_2024_24.jpg/405px-Gadong_Night_Market_4_October_2024_24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gadong_Night_Market_4_October_2024_24.jpg/540px-Gadong_Night_Market_4_October_2024_24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6769" data-file-height="4513" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gadong Night Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duli_Pengiran_Muda_Mahkota_Pengiran_Muda_Haji_Al-Muhtadee_Billah_Mosque_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duli Pengiran Muda Mahkota Pengiran Muda Haji Al-Muhtadee Billah Mosque"><img alt="Duli Pengiran Muda Mahkota Pengiran Muda Haji Al-Muhtadee Billah Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Duli_Pengiran_Muda_Mahkota_Pengiran_Muda_Haji_Al-Muhtadee_Billah_Mosque_02.jpg/270px-Duli_Pengiran_Muda_Mahkota_Pengiran_Muda_Haji_Al-Muhtadee_Billah_Mosque_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Duli_Pengiran_Muda_Mahkota_Pengiran_Muda_Haji_Al-Muhtadee_Billah_Mosque_02.jpg/405px-Duli_Pengiran_Muda_Mahkota_Pengiran_Muda_Haji_Al-Muhtadee_Billah_Mosque_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Duli_Pengiran_Muda_Mahkota_Pengiran_Muda_Haji_Al-Muhtadee_Billah_Mosque_02.jpg/540px-Duli_Pengiran_Muda_Mahkota_Pengiran_Muda_Haji_Al-Muhtadee_Billah_Mosque_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5990" data-file-height="3993" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duli Pengiran Muda Mahkota Pengiran Muda Haji Al-Muhtadee Billah Mosque</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangunan_Hal_Ehwal_Ugama_(18565770466).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Department of Syariah Affairs building"><img alt="Department of Syariah Affairs building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bangunan_Hal_Ehwal_Ugama_%2818565770466%29.jpg/270px-Bangunan_Hal_Ehwal_Ugama_%2818565770466%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bangunan_Hal_Ehwal_Ugama_%2818565770466%29.jpg/405px-Bangunan_Hal_Ehwal_Ugama_%2818565770466%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bangunan_Hal_Ehwal_Ugama_%2818565770466%29.jpg/540px-Bangunan_Hal_Ehwal_Ugama_%2818565770466%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="3680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Department of Syariah Affairs building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brunei_History_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brunei History Centre"><img alt="Brunei History Centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brunei_History_Centre.jpg/270px-Brunei_History_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brunei_History_Centre.jpg/405px-Brunei_History_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brunei_History_Centre.jpg/540px-Brunei_History_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6960" data-file-height="4640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brunei History Centre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandar_Seri_Begawan_17_December_2023_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Time Piece Monument"><img alt="Time Piece Monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_17_December_2023_22.jpg/120px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_17_December_2023_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_17_December_2023_22.jpg/180px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_17_December_2023_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bandar_Seri_Begawan_17_December_2023_22.jpg/240px-Bandar_Seri_Begawan_17_December_2023_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4006" data-file-height="6009" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Time Piece Monument</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jalan_Pehin_Dato_Haji_Awang_Mohd_Noor_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gadong commercial area"><img alt="Gadong commercial area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jalan_Pehin_Dato_Haji_Awang_Mohd_Noor_03.jpg/270px-Jalan_Pehin_Dato_Haji_Awang_Mohd_Noor_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jalan_Pehin_Dato_Haji_Awang_Mohd_Noor_03.jpg/405px-Jalan_Pehin_Dato_Haji_Awang_Mohd_Noor_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jalan_Pehin_Dato_Haji_Awang_Mohd_Noor_03.jpg/540px-Jalan_Pehin_Dato_Haji_Awang_Mohd_Noor_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6960" data-file-height="4640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gadong commercial area</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Bolkiah_in_Kota_Batu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Sultan Bolkiah"><img alt="Tomb of Sultan Bolkiah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Bolkiah_in_Kota_Batu.jpg/270px-Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Bolkiah_in_Kota_Batu.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Bolkiah_in_Kota_Batu.jpg/405px-Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Bolkiah_in_Kota_Batu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Bolkiah_in_Kota_Batu.jpg/540px-Mausoleum_of_Sultan_Bolkiah_in_Kota_Batu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tomb of Sultan Bolkiah</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BAHN</span>-dahr <span style="font-size:90%">SUH</span>-ree <span style="font-size:90%">BUH</span>-gah-wahn</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بندر سري بڬاوان</span>‎; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Malay:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ms-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">[ˌbandar<span class="wrap"> </span>səˌri<span class="wrap"> </span>bəˈɡawan]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c7\/Bandar_Seri_Begawan-pronunciation-Malay.ogg\/Bandar_Seri_Begawan-pronunciation-Malay.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Bandar Seri Begawan-pronunciation-Malay.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Bandar_Seri_Begawan-pronunciation-Malay.ogg/Bandar_Seri_Begawan-pronunciation-Malay.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandar_Seri_Begawan-pronunciation-Malay.ogg" title="File:Bandar Seri Begawan-pronunciation-Malay.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Istana Majlis, the new land-based palace of Jamalul Alam, was finished in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPg._Haji_Ibrahim199691_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPg._Haji_Ibrahim199691-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.people.cn/n3/2019/1028/c90000-9627157.html">"The Venice of the East"</a>. People.cn<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Venice+of+the+East&rft.pub=People.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.people.cn%2Fn3%2F2019%2F1028%2Fc90000-9627157.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Seri+Begawan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2008" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Saul Bernard (2008). <i>The Columbia Gazetteer of the World: A to G</i>. Columbia University Press. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-14554-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-14554-1"><bdi>978-0-231-14554-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Gazetteer+of+the+World%3A+A+to+G&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-14554-1&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Saul+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Seri+Begawan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop_est-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pop_est_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002115536/http://www.municipal-bsb.gov.bn/SitePages/Maklumat%20Bandaran.aspx">"Jabatan Bandaran Bandar Seri Begawan, Kementerian Hal Ehwal Dalam Negeri – Maklumat Bandaran"</a>. <i>municipal-bsb.gov.bn</i> (in Malay). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.municipal-bsb.gov.bn/SitePages/Maklumat%20Bandaran.aspx">the original</a> on 2 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Statoids. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150511120011/http://www.statoids.com/ubn.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Bandar Seri Begawan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501110340/http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cebn/eng/wlxw/t343648.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644439?searchText=Kampong+Ayer&searchUri=/action/doBasicSearch?Query=Kampong+Ayer&so=rel&ab_segments=0/basic_search_gsv2/control&refreqid=fastly-default:9f8c08bb66d79a1529ffbb145371970b&seq=3">"Brunei on the Morrow of Independence"</a>. <i>Asian Survey</i>. <b>24</b> (2): 201–208. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2644439">10.2307/2644439</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-4687">0004-4687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Survey&rft.atitle=Brunei+on+the+Morrow+of+Independence&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=201-208&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2644439&rft.issn=0004-4687&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=D.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2644439%3FsearchText%3DKampong%2BAyer%26searchUri%3D%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DKampong%2BAyer%26so%3Drel%26ab_segments%3D0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol%26refreqid%3Dfastly-default%3A9f8c08bb66d79a1529ffbb145371970b%26seq%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Seri+Begawan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1977" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Leigh (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23889576?read-now=1&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents">"Brunei: An Historical Relic"</a>. <i>Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>17</b>: 12–29. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0085-5774">0085-5774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Hong+Kong+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=Brunei%3A+An+Historical+Relic&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=12-29&rft.date=1977&rft.issn=0085-5774&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23889576%3Fread-now%3D1%26seq%3D2%23page_scan_tab_contents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Seri+Begawan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Britain_Colonial_Office1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Great Britain Colonial Office</a> (1972). <i>State of Brunei Annual Report 1970</i>. <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Stationery_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Stationery Office">Her Majesty's Stationery Office</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+of+Brunei+Annual+Report+1970&rft.pub=Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1972&rft.au=Great+Britain+Colonial+Office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Seri+Begawan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Britain_Colonial_Office1971" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain Colonial Office (1971). <i>State of Brunei Annual Report 1971</i>. Her Majesty's Stationery Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+of+Brunei+Annual+Report+1971&rft.pub=Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1971&rft.au=Great+Britain+Colonial+Office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Seri+Begawan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPg._Haji_Ibrahim1996" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pg. Haji Ibrahim, Pg. Haji Ismail (1996). Haji Ibrahim, Haji Abdul Latif (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pusat-sejarah.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Info%20Sejarah/INFO%20SEJARAH/Kampong%20Ayer.pdf">"Seni Bina Rumah Melayu Brunei Satu Tinjauan Ringkas"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Kampong Ayer: Warisan, cabaran dan masa depan</i> (in Malay). Bandar Seri Begawan: Academy of Brunei Studies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam: 75–108.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kampong+Ayer%3A+Warisan%2C+cabaran+dan+masa+depan&rft.atitle=Seni+Bina+Rumah+Melayu+Brunei+Satu+Tinjauan+Ringkas&rft.pages=75-108&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Pg.+Haji+Ibrahim&rft.aufirst=Pg.+Haji+Ismail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pusat-sejarah.gov.bn%2FSiteAssets%2FInfo%2520Sejarah%2FINFO%2520SEJARAH%2FKampong%2520Ayer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Seri+Begawan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Seri_Begawan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan#Q9279" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.municipal-bsb.gov.bn">Municipal Department of Bandar Seri Begawan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161103112000/http://www.municipal-bsb.gov.bn/">Archived</a> 3 November 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ontheworldmap.com/brunei/city/bandar-seri-begawan/bandar-seri-begawan-tourist-map.jpg">Tourist Map of Bandar Seri Begawan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://weather.com/weather/today/l/cd3ed42923a5eb57ecbca38d8b7fcd9b5d5229e278cbf6320db3111e7eea9460">Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei – Weather.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Bandar_Seri_Begawan_landmarks" title="Template:Bandar Seri Begawan landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bandar_Seri_Begawan_landmarks" title="Template talk:Bandar Seri Begawan landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bandar_Seri_Begawan_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bandar Seri Begawan landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bandar_Seri_Begawan_landmarks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bandar Seri Begawan</a> landmarks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berakas_Sports_Complex" title="Berakas Sports Complex">Berakas Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah_National_Stadium" title="Hassanal Bolkiah National Stadium">Hassanal Bolkiah National Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_and_Field_Sports_Complex,_Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Track and Field Sports Complex, Bandar Seri Begawan">Track and Field Sports Complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government and<br />royal buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kubah_Makam_Di_Raja" title="Kubah Makam Di Raja">Kubah Makam Di Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapau" title="Lapau">Lapau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Banderung_Kayangan" title="Istana Banderung Kayangan">Istana Banderung Kayangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Darul_Hana" title="Istana Darul Hana">Istana Darul Hana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Darussalam" title="Istana Darussalam">Istana Darussalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istana_Nurul_Iman" title="Istana Nurul Iman">Istana Nurul Iman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_Building,_Brunei" title="Ministry of Finance Building, Brunei">Ministry of Finance Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(Brunei)#Prime_Minister's_Office_building" title="Prime Minister's Office (Brunei)">Prime Minister's Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Brunei" title="List of museums in Brunei">Museums and<br />galleries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Darussalam_Maritime_Museum" title="Brunei Darussalam Maritime Museum">Brunei Darussalam Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Energy_Hub" title="Brunei Energy Hub">Brunei Energy Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_History_Centre" title="Brunei History Centre">Brunei History Centre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Lapau" title="Old Lapau">Old Lapau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Museum" title="Brunei Museum">Brunei Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Ayer_Cultural_and_Tourism_Gallery" title="Kampong Ayer Cultural and Tourism Gallery">Kampong Ayer Cultural and Tourism Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Batu_Archaeological_Park" title="Kota Batu Archaeological Park">Kota Batu Archaeological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Technology_Museum" title="Malay Technology Museum">Malay Technology Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Regalia_Museum" title="Royal Regalia Museum">Royal Regalia Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash-Shaliheen_Mosque" title="Ash-Shaliheen Mosque">Ash-Shaliheen Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Assumption_(Brunei)" title="Pro-Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption (Brunei)">Church of Our Lady of the Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jame%27_Asr_Hassanil_Bolkiah_Mosque" title="Jame' Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque">Jame' Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddien_Mosque" title="Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque">Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubungan_Dua_Belas" title="Bubungan Dua Belas">Bubungan Dua Belas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Ayer" title="Kampong Ayer">Kampong Ayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kianggeh_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Kianggeh Market">Kianggeh Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ayang_Mausoleum" title="Raja Ayang Mausoleum">Raja Ayang Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Isteri_Pengiran_Anak_Hajah_Saleha_Bridge" title="Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha Bridge">Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_Brunei" title="Secretariat Building, Brunei">Secretariat Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Haji_Hassanal_Bolkiah_Silver_Jubilee_Park" title="Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Silver Jubilee Park">Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Silver Jubilee Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Haji_Sir_Muda_Omar_%27Ali_Saifuddien" title="Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien">Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Mahkota_Jubli_Emas" title="Taman Mahkota Jubli Emas">Taman Mahkota Jubli Emas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasek_Lama_Recreational_Park" title="Tasek Lama Recreational Park">Tasek Lama Recreational Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_International_Airport" title="Brunei International Airport">Brunei International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Bahasa_dan_Pustaka_Library" title="Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Library">Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadong,_Brunei" title="Gadong, Brunei">Gadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jong_Batu" title="Jong Batu">Jong Batu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighbourhoods_of_Bandar_Seri_Begawan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Template:Neighbourhoods of Bandar Seri Begawan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neighbourhoods_of_Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Template talk:Neighbourhoods of Bandar Seri Begawan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neighbourhoods of Bandar Seri Begawan"><abbr title="Edit this 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title="Kampong Bunut Perpindahan">Bunut Perpindahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Burong_Pingai_Berakas" title="Kampong Burong Pingai Berakas">Burong Pingai Berakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Enclave,_Brunei" title="Diplomatic Enclave, Brunei">Diplomatic Enclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Jaya_Bakti" title="Kampong Jaya Bakti">Jaya Bakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Jaya_Setia" title="Kampong Jaya Setia">Jaya Setia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Kianggeh" title="Kampong Kianggeh">Kianggeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Kiarong" title="Kampong Kiarong">Kiarong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Kiulap" title="Kampong Kiulap">Kiulap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Kota_Batu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Kota Batu">Kota Batu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbang_Pasang" title="Kumbang Pasang">Kumbang Pasang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Madang" title="Kampong Madang">Madang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Madewa" title="Kampong Madewa">Madewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Manggis" title="Kampong Manggis">Manggis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Mata-Mata" title="Kampong Mata-Mata">Mata-Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Melabau" title="Kampong Melabau">Melabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Menglait" title="Kampong Menglait">Menglait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Orang_Kaya_Besar_Imas" title="Kampong Orang Kaya Besar Imas">Orang Kaya Besar Imas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Pancha_Delima" title="Kampong Pancha Delima">Pancha Delima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Pelambayan" title="Kampong Pelambayan">Pelambayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Pengiran_Siraja_Muda_Delima_Satu" title="Kampong Pengiran Siraja Muda Delima Satu">Pengiran Siraja Muda Delima Satu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadong,_Brunei" title="Gadong, Brunei">Pengkalan Gadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Pintu_Malim" title="Kampong Pintu Malim">Pintu Malim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Pulaie" title="Kampong Pulaie">Pulaie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Pusar_Ulak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Pusar Ulak">Pusar Ulak</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pusat_Bandar,_Brunei" title="Pusat Bandar, Brunei">Pusat Bandar</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Serusop" title="Kampong Serusop">Serusop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Subok" title="Kampong Subok">Subok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Sungai_Akar" title="Kampong Sungai Akar">Sungai Akar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Sungai_Lampai" title="Kampong Sungai Lampai">Sungai Lampai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Tasek_Lama" title="Kampong Tasek Lama">Tasek Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Tasek_Meradun" title="Kampong Tasek Meradun">Tasek Meradun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Telanai" title="Kampong Telanai">Telanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Tumasek" title="Kampong Tumasek">Tumasek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Tungkadeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Tungkadeh">Tungkadeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kampong_Ayer" title="Kampong Ayer">Kampong Ayer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mukim_Burong_Pingai_Ayer" title="Mukim Burong Pingai Ayer">Burong Pingai Ayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukim_Peramu" title="Mukim Peramu">Peramu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukim_Saba" title="Mukim Saba">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukim_Sungai_Kebun" title="Mukim Sungai Kebun">Sungai Kebun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kampong_Bolkiah" title="Kampong Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukim_Sungai_Kedayan" title="Mukim Sungai Kedayan">Sungai Kedayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukim_Tamoi" title="Mukim Tamoi">Tamoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Central Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">South Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Southeast Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">West Asia</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><b>East Asia</b></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><b>North Asia</b></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Camp_Thunder_Cove" title="Camp Thunder Cove">Camp Thunder Cove</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">BIOT</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>) <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thimphu" title="Thimphu">Thimphu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bandar Seri Begawan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Flying_Fish_Cove" title="Flying Fish Cove">Flying Fish Cove</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Island,_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands">West Island</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></i> (de facto) <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.3em; line-height:1.3em;"><div><b>*</b> Disputed. See: <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz-Georgian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz-Georgian conflict">Abkhaz-Georgian conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgian-Ossetian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian-Ossetian conflict">Georgian-Ossetian conflict</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9279#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9279#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9279#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126683485">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB4hGpVCCgHfx6YQHMdcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bandar Seri Begawan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7517434-0">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81131873">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562018505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/df27c25b-3d8d-45e2-9844-5f20050db4e8">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/bender-seri-begavan">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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