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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amendment_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amendment_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 Amendment text </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amendment_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Judicial history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Clinic history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Propositions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Statistics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illegal_abortion_deaths_and_injuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illegal_abortion_deaths_and_injuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Illegal abortion deaths and injuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illegal_abortion_deaths_and_injuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abortion_financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abortion_financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Abortion financing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abortion_financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intersections_with_religion_and_religious_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intersections_with_religion_and_religious_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Intersections with religion and religious figures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intersections_with_religion_and_religious_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abortion_rights_views_and_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abortion_rights_views_and_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Abortion rights views and activities </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Abortion_rights_views_and_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Abortion rights views and 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An <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> ban was in place by 1900, and by 1950, it was a criminal offense for a woman to have an abortion. In 1962, the <a href="/wiki/American_Law_Institute" title="American Law Institute">American Law Institute</a> published their <a href="/wiki/Model_Penal_Code" title="Model Penal Code">model penal code</a>, as it applied to abortions, with three circumstances where they believed a physician could justifiably perform an abortion, and California adopted a version of this code. In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">California State Legislature</a> passed a law guaranteeing women the right to have an abortion "prior to viability of the fetus, or when the abortion is necessary to protect the life or health of the woman". In 2022, 67% of California voters approved <a href="/wiki/2022_California_Proposition_1" title="2022 California Proposition 1">Proposition 1</a>, which amended the Constitution of California to explicitly protect the right to abortion and contraception. In response to <a href="/wiki/Crisis_pregnancy_center" title="Crisis pregnancy center">crisis pregnancy centers</a> (CPCs) providing misleading and inaccurate information to pregnant women, the <a href="/wiki/California_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="California Legislature">California Legislature</a> passed the Reproductive FACT (Freedom, Accountability, Comprehensive Care, and Transparency) Act (AB-755), which required CPCs to post visible notices that other options for pregnancy, including abortion, are available from state-sponsored clinics. It also mandated that unlicensed centers post notice of their unlicensed status. The centers, typically run by Christian non-profit groups, challenged the act on the basis that it violated their right free speech. The law was subsequently <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Family_and_Life_Advocates_v._Becerra" title="National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra">struck down</a> as unconstitutional in a 5-4 decision along ideological lines by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a>. California allows certain qualified non-physician health professionals, such as <a href="/wiki/Physician_assistant" title="Physician assistant">physician assistants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nurse_practitioners" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurse practitioners">nurse practitioners</a>, and certified nurse <a href="/wiki/Midwife" title="Midwife">midwives</a>, to do first-trimester <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_aspiration" title="Vacuum aspiration">aspiration abortions</a>, and to prescribe drugs for <a href="/wiki/Medical_abortion" title="Medical abortion">medical abortions</a>. There have been a number of abortion-related cases before the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">California Supreme Court</a>, the <a href="/wiki/California_Courts_of_Appeal" title="California Courts of Appeal">California Courts of Appeal</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of California">U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California</a> since 1969. There have been several deaths in California as a result of illegal abortions, including 35 in 1966 and 1967. California uses its own funds to cover all "medically necessary" abortions sought by low-income women under <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a>. 88,466 were state-funded in 2010. California has an active abortion rights activist community. Society for Human Abortion was founded in 1963 in San Francisco. People in California participated in #StopTheBans protested in May 2019, including at protests in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. There is also an active anti-abortion rights community. Singer <a href="/wiki/Pat_Boone" title="Pat Boone">Pat Boone</a> announced he recorded a song titled "Sixteen Thousand Faces" about the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_fetus_disposal_scandal" title="Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal">Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal</a> in May 1985. The first <a href="/wiki/Walk_for_Life_West_Coast" title="Walk for Life West Coast">Walk for Life</a> was held on January 22, 2005. A number of acts of anti-abortion rights violence have also taken place in the state, including an attempted bombing in July 1987, fires at <a href="/wiki/Abortion_clinic" title="Abortion clinic">clinics</a> in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and acts of violence in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> in February 1995, <a href="/wiki/Modesto,_California" title="Modesto, California">Modesto</a> in March 2003, and <a href="/wiki/Costa_Mesa,_California" title="Costa Mesa, California">Costa Mesa</a> in March 2022. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> On May 31, 2019, Democratic Governor <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a> issued a proclamation explaining California's abortion laws, and encouraged women from states seeking to restrict a woman's ability to get an abortion to come to California for an abortion if she needs one. The statement read in part, "California will continue to uphold women's equality and liberty by protecting their reproductive freedom, educating Californians about their rights to reproductive freedom, welcoming women to California to fully exercise their reproductive rights, and acting as a model for other states that want to ensure full reproductive freedom for women."<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_history">Legislative history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legislative history">edit</a>]</div> In the 19th century, bans by state legislatures on abortion were about protecting the life of the mother, given the number of deaths caused by abortions; state governments saw themselves as looking out for the lives of their citizens.<a href="#cite_note-Abor_Rev-2">[2]</a> By 1950, the state legislature would pass a law stating that a woman who had an abortion, or actively sought to have an abortion, regardless of whether she went through with it, were guilty of a criminal offense.<a href="#cite_note-Abor_Rev-2">[2]</a> In 1962, the <a href="/wiki/American_Law_Institute" title="American Law Institute">American Law Institute</a> published their model penal code, as it applied to abortions, with three circumstances where they believed a physician could justifiably perform an abortion: "If ... there is substantial risk that the continuance of the pregnancy would gravely impair the physical or mental health of the mother, or that the child would be born with grave physical or mental defect, or that the pregnancy resulted from rape, incest, or other felonious intercourse." In 1967, the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">California State Legislature</a> adopted a form of this into law, but did not allow an exception for birth defects.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> Alaska, Hawaii, California, and New York were the only four states that made abortion legal between 1967 and 1970 that did not require a reason to request an abortion.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> California amended its abortion law in 1967 to address the disconnect between legal and medical justifications for therapeutic exceptions. This change made them one of the most progressive states in the country when it came to abortion rights.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The bill was signed into law by Governor <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, after the legislature removed as a reason for legal abortion that a fetus had severe physical deformities.<a href="#cite_note-Abor_Rev-2">[2]</a> State law in 1971 required that any woman getting a legal abortion in the state needed to be a resident for some specific period between 30 and 90 days.<a href="#cite_note-Abor_Rev-2">[2]</a> In 2002, the California State Legislature passed a law that said: "The state may not deny or interfere with a woman's right to choose or obtain an abortion prior to viability of the fetus, or when the abortion is necessary to protect the life or health of the woman."<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The state was one of ten states in 2007 to have a customary informed consent provision for abortions.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Based on a report prepared by <a href="/wiki/NARAL_Pro-Choice_America" class="mw-redirect" title="NARAL Pro-Choice America">NARAL Pro-Choice America</a>, which alleged that <a href="/wiki/Crisis_pregnancy_center" title="Crisis pregnancy center">Crisis Pregnancy Centers</a> (CPCs) were providing misleading and inaccurate information,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> the California Legislature passed the Reproductive FACT (Freedom, Accountability, Comprehensive Care, and Transparency) Act (AB-755) in October 2015. It required any licensed health-care facility that provided care services related to pregnancies to post a notice that stated: "California has public programs that provide immediate free or low-cost access to comprehensive family planning services (including all FDA-approved methods of contraception), prenatal care, and abortion for eligible women." The law set provisions where this notice was to be posted, and established civil fines if facilities did not comply.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The act required unlicensed facilities which offered certain pregnancy-related services to post a notice stating: "This facility is not licensed as a medical facility by the State of California, and has no licensed medical provider who provides or directly supervises the provision of all of the services, whose primary purpose is providing pregnancy-related services."<a href="#cite_note-9thCirOp2-12">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> found that the law violated the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="First Amendment">First Amendment</a> in 2018, in <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Family_and_Life_Advocates_v._Becerra" title="National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra">National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra</a>. As of 2017, California, Oregon, Montana, Vermont, and New Hampshire allow certain qualified non-physician health professionals, such as <a href="/wiki/Physician_assistant" title="Physician assistant">physicians' assistants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nurse_practitioners" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurse practitioners">nurse practitioners</a>, and certified nurse <a href="/wiki/Midwife" title="Midwife">midwives</a>, to do first-trimester <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_aspiration" title="Vacuum aspiration">aspiration abortions</a>, and to prescribe drugs for <a href="/wiki/Medical_abortion" title="Medical abortion">medical abortions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In August 2018, the state had a law to protect the right to have an abortion.<a href="#cite_note-:2-14">[14]</a> As of May 14, 2019, the state prohibits abortions after the fetus is viable, generally some point between week 24 and 26. This period uses a standard defined by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">US Supreme Court</a> in 1992, with the <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood_v._Casey" title="Planned Parenthood v. Casey">Planned Parenthood v. Casey</a> ruling.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> On May 20, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">California State Senate</a> passed <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB24">Senate Bill 24</a>, the College Student Right to Access Act. The Act requires public state universities to offer <a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">mifepristone</a>, the abortion pill, to female students at zero cost by January 1, 2023; funding for the program will be paid for through insurance and private grants, with $200,000 to each University of California and California State University health clinic for training and equipment. The bill was approved by both the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">California State Assembly</a> and California State Senate, as amended on September 13, 2019, was enacted by Governor <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a> on October 11, 2019, and went into effect on January 1, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> University clinics also have to set aside an additional $200,000 each to set up a student hotline to provide information to women seeking advice and assistance. The bill was sponsored by Sen. <a href="/wiki/Connie_Leyva" title="Connie Leyva">Connie Leyva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In May 2022, State Senate President pro tempore <a href="/wiki/Toni_Atkins" title="Toni Atkins">Toni Atkins</a> said she would introduce a state constitutional amendment to enshrine the right to an abortion after a <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization#Leaked_draft_opinion" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">draft opinion</a> showed the US Supreme Court's intent to overturn <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a>. Both Newsom and Assembly Speaker <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rendon_(politician)" title="Anthony Rendon (politician)">Anthony Rendon</a> expressed their support for the amendment.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The Supreme Court did overturn <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a>, No. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/597/19-1392/">19-1392</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_597" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 597">597</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> ___ (2022) later in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_decision-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-scotusblog_decision-20">[20]</a> On September 27, 2022, California Assembly Bill 1242<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> was passed. This assembly bill aimed to further strengthen abortion protections, and protect women from other state who have abortions in California by amending the penal code. These amendments would also prevent law enforcement from giving information regarding a legal abortion that takes place within the state of California. AB 1242 also sets bail at $0 for those that are arrested in connection to a lawful abortion that takes place within California.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> On November 8, 2022, California voters overwhelmingly passed <a href="/wiki/2022_California_Proposition_1" title="2022 California Proposition 1">Proposition 1</a>, which amended the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_California" title="Constitution of California">Constitution of California</a> to explicitly protect the right to abortion; it is among the first three states do so, alongside <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Michigan" title="Abortion in Michigan">Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Vermont" title="Abortion in Vermont">Vermont</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amendment_text">Amendment text</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Amendment text">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The state shall not deny or interfere with an individual's reproductive freedom in their most intimate decisions, which includes their fundamental right to choose to have an abortion and their fundamental right to choose or refuse contraceptives. This section is intended to further the constitutional right to privacy guaranteed by Section 1, and the constitutional right to not be denied equal protection guaranteed by Section 7. Nothing herein narrows or limits the right to privacy or equal protection.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Article 1, Section 1.1 of the <a href="/wiki/California_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="California Constitution">California Constitution</a>.</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_history">Judicial history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Judicial history">edit</a>]</div> In 1969, the California Supreme Court ruled in favor of abortion rights, after hearing an appeal launched by Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_Belous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon Belous (page does not exist)">Leon Belous</a>, who had been convicted of referring a woman to someone who could provide her with an illegal abortion;<a href="#cite_note-:1-25">[25]</a> California's abortion law was declared unconstitutional in <a href="/w/index.php?title=People_v._Belous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People v. Belous (page does not exist)">People v. Belous</a> because it was vague and denied people due process.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">US Supreme Court</a>'s decision in 1973's <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a> ruling meant the state could no longer regulate abortion in the first trimester.<a href="#cite_note-Abor_Rev-2">[2]</a> (However, the Supreme Court overturned <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a>, No. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/597/19-1392/">19-1392</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_597" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 597">597</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> ___ (2022) later in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_decision-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-scotusblog_decision-20">[20]</a>) In July 1984, the <a href="/wiki/California_Courts_of_Appeal" title="California Courts of Appeal">California Courts of Appeal</a> overturned <a href="/wiki/Superior_Court_of_Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior Court of Los Angeles County">Superior Court of Los Angeles County</a> judge Eli Chernow, ruling that fetuses could not be buried as human remains in the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_fetus_disposal_scandal" title="Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal">Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal</a>, which was a win for <a href="/wiki/Pro-choice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-choice">pro-choice</a> groups and feminists. The case had been appealed by <a href="/wiki/Carol_Downer" title="Carol Downer">Carol Downer</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Angeles_Feminist_Women%27s_Health_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los Angeles Feminist Women's Health Center (page does not exist)">Los Angeles Feminist Women's Health Center</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a>, and was denounced by the California Pro-Life Medical Association and the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(U.S.)" title="Catholic League (U.S.)">Catholic League</a>. The appealing parties argued that allowing <a href="/wiki/Pro-life_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-life movement">pro-life</a> groups to bury the remains violated the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separation of church and state</a>. The Court's opinion stated: "It is clear from the record that the Catholic League is a religious organization which regards a fetus as a human being and abortion as murder. While this specific belief may well cross sectarian lines... any state action showing a preference for this belief will be strictly scrutinized and must be invalidated." Since fetal remains are normally incinerated without ceremony, there was no reason to do otherwise with these fetuses, stating "We perceive that the intended burial ceremony will enlist the prestige and power of the state. This is constitutionally forbidden." However, religious services could hold concurrent onsite memorial services, which was praised by US president <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in a letter to the California Pro-Life Medical Association, admiring their decision "to hold a memorial service for these children".<a href="#cite_note-prosecute-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-rehnquist-28">[28]</a> Philibosian announced he would appeal the ruling allowing onsite memorial services.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-issue-30">[30]</a> In October 1984, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> justice <a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> refused to overturn the state appeals court ruling allowing the religious ceremonies.<a href="#cite_note-rehnquist-28">[28]</a> This was officially upheld by the Supreme Court in March 1985.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> CPCs and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Justice_Institute" title="Pacific Justice Institute">Pacific Justice Institute</a> filed lawsuits challenging the constitutionality of the Reproductive FACT Act. The CPCs asserted that the law's requirements constituted <a href="/wiki/Compelled_speech" title="Compelled speech">compelled speech</a> in violation of their rights to freedom of speech and free exercise of religion under the First Amendment.<a href="#cite_note-npr_nov15-33">[33]</a> Among these was a lawsuit filed in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of California">U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Family_and_Life_Advocates" title="National Institute of Family and Life Advocates">National Institute of Family and Life Advocates</a> (NIFLA) who represented over 100 CPCs in California. NIFLA sought a <a href="/wiki/Preliminary_injunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Preliminary injunction">preliminary injunction</a> to prevent the Reproductive FACT Act from <a href="/wiki/Coming_into_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming into force">coming into force</a> on January 1, 2016, while the lawsuit continued. The Court denied the motion for a preliminary injunction in February 2016. NIFLA appealed from the denial of the preliminary injunction to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit</a> in June 2016, which affirmed the judgment of the District Court in a unanimous decision authored by Judge <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_W._Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothy W. Nelson">Dorothy W. Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judicial_panel" title="Judicial panel">joined by</a> Judges <a href="/wiki/A._Wallace_Tashima" title="A. Wallace Tashima">A. Wallace Tashima</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_B._Owens" title="John B. Owens">John B. Owens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9thCirOp2-12">[12]</a> After granting certioari as to the free speech question, in a controversial 5-4 opinion along ideological lines, the US Supreme Court reversed, holding that the FACT Act violated the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment. In September 2024, the state of California sued a Catholic hospital in <a href="/wiki/Eureka,_California" title="Eureka, California">Eureka</a> for refusing to provide emergency abortions.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clinic_history">Clinic history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Clinic history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Number_of_abortion_clinics_in_California_by_year.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Number_of_abortion_clinics_in_California_by_year.png/220px-Number_of_abortion_clinics_in_California_by_year.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Number_of_abortion_clinics_in_California_by_year.png/330px-Number_of_abortion_clinics_in_California_by_year.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Number_of_abortion_clinics_in_California_by_year.png/440px-Number_of_abortion_clinics_in_California_by_year.png 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>Number of abortion clinics in California by year</figcaption></figure> Between 1982 and 1992, the number of abortion clinics in the state decreased by 29, going from 583 in 1982 to 554 in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-:32-35">[35]</a> In the period between 1992 and 1996, the state ranked first in the loss of number of abortion clinics, losing 62 to have a total of 492 in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> In 2008, the states with the most providers were <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, with 522, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, with 249.<a href="#cite_note-jones2008-37">[37]</a> In 2014, there were 152 abortion clinics in the state.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In 2014, 43% of the counties in the state did not have an abortion clinic. That year, 5% of women in the state aged 15–44 lived in a county without an abortion clinic.<a href="#cite_note-:2-14">[14]</a> In March 2016, there were 114 <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a> clinics in the state.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In 2017, there were 110 Planned Parenthood clinics, of which 93 offered abortion services, in a state with a population of 9,384,526 women aged 15–49.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propositions">Propositions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Propositions">edit</a>]</div> Between 1999 and 2015, there were 34 attempts to place on the ballot an initiative to impose a <a href="/wiki/Waiting_period" title="Waiting period">waiting period</a> on abortions or require <a href="/wiki/Minors_and_abortion" title="Minors and abortion">parental notification</a> in California, of which only 3 succeeded in qualifying for a statewide vote.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">California State Legislature</a> voted to place an initiative that codifies abortion and contraceptive rights throughout the state after the <a href="/wiki/US_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="US Supreme Court">US Supreme Court</a> overturned <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KCET_ballot_brief-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Prop_1-43">[43]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; font-size: 95%;"> <caption>Table of California propositions relating to abortion </caption> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"> <th>Proposal </th> <th>Enactment date </th> <th>Subject </th> <th>Election date </th> <th>Electorate </th> <th>Total poll</th> <th>(%)<a href="#cite_note-44">[a]</a> </th> <th>Yes</th> <th>(%)<a href="#cite_note-pctvalid-45">[b]</a> </th> <th>No</th> <th>(%)<a href="#cite_note-pctvalid-45">[b]</a> </th> <th>Not cast</th> <th>(%)<a href="#cite_note-46">[c]</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"><abbr title="References">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#fea; color:#000;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2005_California_Proposition_73" title="2005 California Proposition 73">Proposition 73</a> </td> <td> N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minors_and_abortion" title="Minors and abortion">Parental notification</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waiting_period" title="Waiting period">waiting period</a> </td> <td>November 8, 2005 </td> <td>22,487,768 </td> <td>7,968,757</td> <td>35.4 </td> <td>3,676,592</td> <td>47.2 </td> <td>4,109,430</td> <td>52.8 </td> <td>182,735</td> <td>2.3 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2005_results-47">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr class="expand-child"> <td></td> <td colspan="13">Waiting Period and Parental Notification Before Termination of Minor's Pregnancy. Initiative Constitutional Amendment. </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#fea; color:#000;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2006_California_Proposition_85" title="2006 California Proposition 85">Proposition 85</a> </td> <td> N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minors_and_abortion" title="Minors and abortion">Parental notification</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waiting_period" title="Waiting period">waiting period</a> </td> <td>November 7, 2006 </td> <td>22,652,190 </td> <td>8,899,059</td> <td>39.3 </td> <td>3,868,714</td> <td>45.8 </td> <td>4,576,128</td> <td>54.5 </td> <td>454,217</td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2006_results-48">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr class="expand-child"> <td></td> <td colspan="13">Waiting Period and Parental Notification Before Termination of Minor's Pregnancy. Initiative Constitutional Amendment. </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#fea; color:#000;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_California_Proposition_4" title="2008 California Proposition 4">Proposition 4</a> </td> <td> N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minors_and_abortion" title="Minors and abortion">Parental notification</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waiting_period" title="Waiting period">waiting period</a> </td> <td>November 4, 2008 </td> <td>23,208,710 </td> <td>13,743,177</td> <td>59.2 </td> <td>6,220,473</td> <td>48.0 </td> <td>6,728,478</td> <td>52.0 </td> <td>794,226</td> <td>5.8 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2008_results-49">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr class="expand-child"> <td></td> <td colspan="13">Waiting Period and Parental Notification Before Termination of Minor's Pregnancy. Initiative Constitutional Amendment. </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#acf; color:#000;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_California_Proposition_1" title="2022 California Proposition 1">Proposition 1</a> </td> <td> December 21, 2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right_to_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to abortion">Right to abortion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contraception" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraception">contraception</a> </td> <td>November 8, 2022 </td> <td>26,876,800 </td> <td>11,146,610</td> <td>50.8 </td> <td>7,176,883</td> <td>66.9 </td> <td>3,553,561</td> <td>33.1 </td> <td>416,166</td> <td>3.7 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2022_results-50">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr class="expand-child"> <td></td> <td colspan="13">Constitutional Right to Reproductive Freedom. Legislative Constitutional Amendment. </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:592px;max-width:592px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccf">Results of California propositions by county</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:2005_California_Proposition_73_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/2005_California_Proposition_73_results_map_by_county.svg/144px-2005_California_Proposition_73_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/2005_California_Proposition_73_results_map_by_county.svg/216px-2005_California_Proposition_73_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/2005_California_Proposition_73_results_map_by_county.svg/288px-2005_California_Proposition_73_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="744" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/2005_California_Proposition_73" title="2005 California Proposition 73">2005 Proposition 73</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:2006_California_Proposition_85_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/2006_California_Proposition_85_results_map_by_county.svg/144px-2006_California_Proposition_85_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/2006_California_Proposition_85_results_map_by_county.svg/216px-2006_California_Proposition_85_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/2006_California_Proposition_85_results_map_by_county.svg/288px-2006_California_Proposition_85_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="744" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/2006_California_Proposition_85" title="2006 California Proposition 85">2006 Proposition 85</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_California_Proposition_4_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2008_California_Proposition_4_results_map_by_county.svg/144px-2008_California_Proposition_4_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2008_California_Proposition_4_results_map_by_county.svg/216px-2008_California_Proposition_4_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2008_California_Proposition_4_results_map_by_county.svg/288px-2008_California_Proposition_4_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="744" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/2008_California_Proposition_4" title="2008 California Proposition 4">2008 Proposition 4</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_California_Proposition_1_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/2022_California_Proposition_1_results_map_by_county.svg/144px-2022_California_Proposition_1_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/2022_California_Proposition_1_results_map_by_county.svg/216px-2022_California_Proposition_1_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/2022_California_Proposition_1_results_map_by_county.svg/288px-2022_California_Proposition_1_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="810" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/2022_California_Proposition_1" title="2022 California Proposition 1">2022 Proposition 1</a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Legend Yes:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% No:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Statistics">edit</a>]</div> There were 5,030 therapeutic abortions in 1968 and 15,339 in 1969, and more than 60,000 in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> In 1990, 3,949,000 women in the state faced the risk of an unintended pregnancy.<a href="#cite_note-:32-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Alaska" title="Abortion in Alaska">Alaska</a>, California, and <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Hampshire" title="Abortion in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> did not voluntarily provide the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Center for Disease Control</a> with abortion related data in 2000,<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> nor did they provide any data the following year.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> In 2014, 57% of adults said in a poll by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> that abortion should be legal and 38% said it should be illegal in all or most cases.<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> In 2017, the state had an infant mortality rate of 4.2 deaths per 1,000 live births.<a href="#cite_note-:42-54">[51]</a> In the year following the overturn of Roe v. Wade, California saw an 11.2% increase in abortions, primarily driven by patients traveling from states with abortion bans.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Number, rate, and ratio of reported abortions, by reporting area of residence and occurrence and by percentage of abortions obtained by out-of-state residents </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Location</th> <th colspan="3">Residence</th> <th colspan="3">Occurrence</th> <th rowspan="2">% obtained by out-of-state residents </th> <th rowspan="2">Year</th> <th rowspan="2">Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td>No.</td> <td>Rate^</td> <td>Ratio^^</td> <td>No.</td> <td>Rate^</td> <td>Ratio^^ </td></tr> <tr> <td>California </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>518 </td> <td> </td> <td>9.2 </td> <td> </td> <td>1967 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>California </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>5,031 </td> <td> </td> <td>14.8 </td> <td> </td> <td>1968 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>California </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>15,339 </td> <td> </td> <td>43.5 </td> <td> </td> <td>1969 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>304,230</td> <td>42.1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1992</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:6-56">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>240,240</td> <td>33.4</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1995</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:6-56">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>California </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>237,830 </td> <td>33 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-:6-56">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10">^number of abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44; ^^number of abortions per 1,000 live births </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Number and Percent of Therapeutic Abortions and Ratio per 1,000 Live Births by regions in California from November 1967 to 1969<a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Age</th> <th colspan="3">Percent distribution</th> <th colspan="3">Ratio Per 1,000 Live Births </th></tr> <tr> <td>1967</td> <td>1968</td> <td>1969</td> <td>1967</td> <td>1968</td> <td>1969 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>100 (518)</td> <td>100 (5,031)</td> <td>100 (15,339)</td> <td>9.2</td> <td>14.8</td> <td>43.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10-14</td> <td>5.8</td> <td>3.6</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>º</td> <td>º</td> <td>º </td></tr> <tr> <td>15-19</td> <td>23.2</td> <td>25.5</td> <td>29.9</td> <td>12.3</td> <td>22.2</td> <td>78.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20-24</td> <td>23.4</td> <td>27.1</td> <td>31.8</td> <td>5.7</td> <td>10.6</td> <td>36.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25-29</td> <td>16.4</td> <td>17.2</td> <td>15.7</td> <td>6.1</td> <td>9.8</td> <td>25.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30-34</td> <td>14.7</td> <td>11.6</td> <td>10.1</td> <td>10.9</td> <td>14.4</td> <td>37 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35-39</td> <td>10.2</td> <td>10</td> <td>7</td> <td>16</td> <td>27.7</td> <td>60.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>40-44</td> <td>5.8</td> <td>4.3</td> <td>2.7</td> <td>31.4</td> <td>42.6</td> <td>88.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>45-49</td> <td>0.6</td> <td>0.5</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>º</td> <td>º</td> <td>º </td></tr> <tr> <td>Not Reported</td> <td>-</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>º</td> <td>º</td> <td>º </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Number of reported abortions, abortion rate and percentage change in rate by geographic region and state in 1992, 1995 and 1996<a href="#cite_note-:6-56">[53]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Census division and state</th> <th colspan="3">Number</th> <th colspan="3">Rate</th> <th rowspan="2">% change 1992–1996 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1992</td> <td>1995</td> <td>1996</td> <td>1992</td> <td>1995</td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td>US Total</td> <td>1,528,930</td> <td>1,363,690</td> <td>1,365,730</td> <td>25.9</td> <td>22.9</td> <td>22.9</td> <td>–12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pacific</td> <td>368,040</td> <td>290,520</td> <td>288,190</td> <td>38.7</td> <td>30.5</td> <td>30.1</td> <td>–22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaska</td> <td>2,370</td> <td>1,990</td> <td>2,040</td> <td>16.5</td> <td>14.2</td> <td>14.6</td> <td>–11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td>304,230</td> <td>240,240</td> <td>237,830</td> <td>42.1</td> <td>33.4</td> <td>33</td> <td>–22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawaii</td> <td>12,190</td> <td>7,510</td> <td>6,930</td> <td>46</td> <td>29.3</td> <td>27.3</td> <td>–41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oregon</td> <td>16,060</td> <td>15,590</td> <td>15,050</td> <td>23.9</td> <td>22.6</td> <td>21.6</td> <td>–10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington</td> <td>33,190</td> <td>25,190</td> <td>26,340</td> <td>27.7</td> <td>20.2</td> <td>20.9</td> <td>–24 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Age-Specific Percent Distribution and Ratios of Therapeutic Abortions to Live Births<a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Statistical Area</th> <th rowspan="2"># of abortions (1967–1969) </th> <th rowspan="2">% of abortions (1967–1969) </th> <th colspan="4">Ratio Per 1,000 Live Birth </th></tr> <tr> <td>1967–1969</td> <td>1967</td> <td>1968</td> <td>1969 </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td>20888</td> <td>100</td> <td>22.8</td> <td>9.2</td> <td>14.8</td> <td>43.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>North Coast</td> <td>15</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>2.4</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>2.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sacramento Valley</td> <td>1373</td> <td>6.6</td> <td>31</td> <td>7.9</td> <td>17.8</td> <td>66.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mountain</td> <td>85</td> <td>0.4</td> <td>6.5</td> <td>3.4</td> <td>3.6</td> <td>12.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>San Francisco Bay</td> <td>12568</td> <td>60.2</td> <td>62.1</td> <td>26.5</td> <td>42.7</td> <td>115.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central Coast</td> <td>337</td> <td>1.6</td> <td>15.6</td> <td>4.7</td> <td>7.8</td> <td>33.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>San Joaquin Valley</td> <td>429</td> <td>2.1</td> <td>5.3</td> <td>1.8</td> <td>3.3</td> <td>10.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Santa Barbara-Ventura</td> <td>677</td> <td>3.2</td> <td>24</td> <td>8.4</td> <td>15.7</td> <td>46.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Los Angeles Metropolitan</td> <td>4060</td> <td>19.4</td> <td>10.2</td> <td>4.5</td> <td>6.5</td> <td>19.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>San Diego Metropolitan</td> <td>960</td> <td>4.6</td> <td>14.8</td> <td>3</td> <td>5.7</td> <td>33.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southeast</td> <td>384</td> <td>1.8</td> <td>6.7</td> <td>1.8</td> <td>4.5</td> <td>13.3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illegal_abortion_deaths_and_injuries">Illegal abortion deaths and injuries</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Illegal abortion deaths and injuries">edit</a>]</div> In 1966 and 1967, there were 35 illegal abortion deaths. This decreased by 35% in the period between 1968 and 1969, when there were 22 deaths.<a href="#cite_note-:4-36">[36]</a> In 1968, 701 women were admitted to one Los Angeles hospital alone for septic abortions, making the ratio of septic abortions to live births approximately 1 to 14.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> In the period between 1972 and 1974, there was only one illegal abortion death in California.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abortion_financing">Abortion financing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Abortion financing">edit</a>]</div> Seventeen states, including California, use their own funds to cover all or most "medically necessary" abortions sought by low-income women under Medicaid, thirteen of which are required by State court orders to do so.<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> In 2010, the state had 88,466 publicly funded abortions, of which were zero federally and 88,466 were state funded.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_fetus_disposal_scandal" title="Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal">Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal</a>, Weisberg's Medical Analytical Laboratories received nearly $175,000 in <a href="/wiki/Medi-Cal" title="Medi-Cal">Medi-Cal</a> payments, with $88,000 coming from pathology tests on aborted fetuses. Of this, half of it ($44,000) was paid federally through the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">United States Department of Health and Human Services</a> (HHS). By the <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Amendment" title="Hyde Amendment">Hyde Amendment</a>, this money was ineligible for testing on pre-abortion or post-abortion tissue, which meant the state of California would need to pay back federal funds claimed by Weisberg and by any other laboratories, according to HHS inspector Richard P. Kusserow. Kusserow also stated "prior to its closing in April, 1981, [Medical Analytical Laboratories] had routinely submitted questionable billings under the Medi-Cal program, using an erroneous billing code.... the case lacked criminal prosecutive merit due to a lack of proof that the false billings were intentional. Because the laboratory was out of business, and its owner had declared bankruptcy, there were no assets against which to proceed for civil recovery".<a href="#cite_note-hhs-61">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intersections_with_religion_and_religious_figures">Intersections with religion and religious figures</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Intersections with religion and religious figures">edit</a>]</div> In 1990, John Cardinal O'Connor of New York suggested that, by supporting abortion rights, Catholic politicians who were pro-choice risked excommunication. The response of Catholic pro-choice politicians to O'Connor's comment was generally defiant. Congresswoman <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> asserted that, "There is no desire to fight with the cardinals or archbishops. But it has to be clear that we are elected officials, and we uphold the law, and we support public positions separate and apart from our Catholic faith."<a href="#cite_note-Marcovitz2009-62">[59]</a> Politicians who have been targeted in such controversies include <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Killea" title="Lucy Killea">Lucy Killea</a>,<a href="#cite_note-TIME-no-63">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Cuomo" title="Mario Cuomo">Mario Cuomo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Hancock-Kuhn-65">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>,<a href="#cite_note-fox-66">[63]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-67">[64]</a> California's Killea's case was the first recorded.<a href="#cite_note-TIME-no-63">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abortion_rights_views_and_activities">Abortion rights views and activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Abortion rights views and activities">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizations">Organizations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Organizations">edit</a>]</div> There are numerous organizations dedicated to protecting abortion rights throughout the state of California. Many of these have been active for many years. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Against_abortion%3F_Don%27t_have_one!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Against_abortion%3F_Don%27t_have_one%21.jpg/220px-Against_abortion%3F_Don%27t_have_one%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Against_abortion%3F_Don%27t_have_one%21.jpg/330px-Against_abortion%3F_Don%27t_have_one%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Against_abortion%3F_Don%27t_have_one%21.jpg/440px-Against_abortion%3F_Don%27t_have_one%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4742" data-file-height="3162" /></a><figcaption>"Against abortion? Don't have one!" sign at the Women's March 2017 in San Francisco</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Society_for_Human_Abortion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society for Human Abortion (page does not exist)">Society for Human Abortion</a> was founded in 1963 in San Francisco. They sought to challenge laws around abortion by openly providing contraceptive and abortion services.<a href="#cite_note-:1-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> NARAL Pro-Choice California is the state affiliate of <a href="/wiki/NARAL_Pro-Choice_America" class="mw-redirect" title="NARAL Pro-Choice America">NARAL Pro-Choice America</a>. This branch of the organization works to secure reproductive freedom specifically in the state of California<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> The California Future of Abortion Council is another organization that works to preserve and protect abortion rights in California. They also work to provide solutions for those from other states that are coming to California for abortions. They provide policy recommendations to the governor, as well as other political officials in California on the best actions that they can take to protect access to abortion.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests">Protests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Protests">edit</a>]</div> #StopTheBans was created in response to 6 states passing legislation in early 2019 that would almost completely outlaw abortion. Women wanted to protest this activity as other state legislatures started to consider similar bans as part of a move to try to overturn Roe v. Wade. At least one protest as part of #StopTheBans took place in the state.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> Many women wore red, referencing women in <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">The Handmaid's Tale</a>, at the protest in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> outside <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_City_Hall" title="San Francisco City Hall">City Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-72">[69]</a> Women also protested in Los Angeles in an event organized by <a href="/wiki/NARAL_Pro-Choice_America" class="mw-redirect" title="NARAL Pro-Choice America">NARAL Pro-Choice</a> California.<a href="#cite_note-:5-72">[69]</a> Following the overturn of Roe v. Wade on June 24, 2022, California saw protests in multiple cities in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">Bay Area</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo,_California" title="San Mateo, California">San Mateo</a>, and San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> Los Angeles saw protests in both <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">Downtown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> Other protests occurred in <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo,_California" title="San Luis Obispo, California">San Luis Obispo</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Capitol" title="California State Capitol">California State Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> On June 25, former child actress <a href="/wiki/Jodie_Sweetin" title="Jodie Sweetin">Jodie Sweetin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Full_House" title="Full House">Full House</a>) was thrown to the ground by police while protesting on a ramp of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_101" title="U.S. Route 101">101 Freeway</a> in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> On July 28, two veterans were arrested in Los Angeles after chaining themselves to a lamppost in support of abortion rights.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> On July 30, 13 people were arrested and 8 people charged with vandalism following an abortion rights protest in <a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> On August 27, several people were arrested after anti-abortion protesters clashed with abortion rights protesters at a <a href="/wiki/Straight_pride" title="Straight pride">Straight pride</a> rally in <a href="/wiki/Modesto,_California" title="Modesto, California">Modesto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> On September 3, three people were arrested after anti-abortion protesters clashed with abortion rights protesters in Hollywood.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> In <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County</a>, protestors attended a <a href="/wiki/Candlelight_vigil" title="Candlelight vigil">candlelight vigil</a> in Waterfront Park; others marched through downtown <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> on June 24.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> <a href="/wiki/Media_in_San_Diego#Times_of_San_Diego" title="Media in San Diego">The Times of San Diego</a> counted up to 200 more protesting on June 25.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> Dozens protested outside <a href="/wiki/Escondido,_California" title="Escondido, California">Escondido</a> City Hall in San Diego County.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Santee,_California" title="Santee, California">Santee</a> saw a protest on June 27.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_support">Political support</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Political support">edit</a>]</div> California Senator <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> held a <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">2020 Democratic Party Primary campaign</a> rally in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Alabama" title="Abortion in Alabama">Alabama</a>, on June 7, 2019. One of the messages she talked about during her rally was abortion rights in the state. During the rally, she said that if she were president, she would require the Department of Justice to review any state law restriction abortion access "if it's coming from a state that has a history of limiting those rights". This way, the US Government could make sure that such laws were constitutional before going into effect, and prevent states like Alabama from continually trying to challenge established precedent that has legalized abortion through cases like Roe v. Wade.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> There was also political support for Assembly Bill 1242. It was kickstarted by Assemblymember <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Bauer-Kahan" title="Rebecca Bauer-Kahan">Rebecca Bauer-Kahn</a>, who is currently serving in the 16th district since 2018. Other supporters were Assemblymembers <a href="/wiki/Mia_Bonta" title="Mia Bonta">Mia Bonta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Garcia_(politician)" title="Cristina Garcia (politician)">Cristina Garcia</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a>. California also currently provides a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abortion.ca.gov/">website</a> that highlights some of the most important actions that California is taking to secure abortion access since the Supreme Court's decision in <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a>. This website is available in multiple languages and provides information for those seeking care from other states, helps users find a provider, financial help options, as well as more supports for other marginalized groups. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anti-abortion_activities_and_views">Anti-abortion activities and views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Anti-abortion activities and views">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-abortion_protest,_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Anti-abortion_protest%2C_1986.jpg/220px-Anti-abortion_protest%2C_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Anti-abortion_protest%2C_1986.jpg/330px-Anti-abortion_protest%2C_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Anti-abortion_protest%2C_1986.jpg/440px-Anti-abortion_protest%2C_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2654" data-file-height="2621" /></a><figcaption>Protest outside clinic in the Bay Area, 1986</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yes_on_prop_8_sign_yes_on_prop_4_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Yes_on_prop_8_sign_yes_on_prop_4_sign.jpg/220px-Yes_on_prop_8_sign_yes_on_prop_4_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Yes_on_prop_8_sign_yes_on_prop_4_sign.jpg/330px-Yes_on_prop_8_sign_yes_on_prop_4_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Yes_on_prop_8_sign_yes_on_prop_4_sign.jpg/440px-Yes_on_prop_8_sign_yes_on_prop_4_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A yard with a "Yes on Proposition 8" sign and a "Yes on Proposition 4" sign, near Santee, California, in 2008</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activities">Activities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Activities">edit</a>]</div> In May 1985, singer <a href="/wiki/Pat_Boone" title="Pat Boone">Pat Boone</a> announced he recorded a song titled "Sixteen Thousand Faces" about the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_fetus_disposal_scandal" title="Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal">Los Angeles fetus disposal scandal</a>, first played at a pro-life memorial service for the fetuses at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Live_Oak_Memorial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Live Oak Memorial Park (page does not exist)">Live Oak Memorial Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monrovia,_California" title="Monrovia, California">Monrovia</a>, where a granite tombstone was left with the inscription "For all those deprived of life and human love through abortion". In response, the California <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_Rights_Action_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abortion Rights Action League (page does not exist)">Abortion Rights Action League</a> director said the service and marker "[humanized] fetuses when they deny the humanity of women already born".<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> The ceremony was attended by "several hundred anti-abortionists", including Representative <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dornan" title="Bob Dornan">Bob Dornan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Feminists_for_Life" title="Feminists for Life">Feminists for Life</a> group. At the time, the fetuses had not been disposed of.<a href="#cite_note-hundred-91">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests_2">Protests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Protests">edit</a>]</div> The first <a href="/wiki/Walk_for_Life_West_Coast" title="Walk for Life West Coast">Walk for Life</a> was held on January 22, 2005. Several thousand protesters (7,000, according to organizers)<a href="#cite_note-2005walk-92">[89]</a> gathered downtown in <a href="/wiki/Justin_Herman_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Justin Herman Plaza">Justin Herman Plaza</a> and marched 2.5 miles to the <a href="/wiki/Marina_Green" title="Marina Green">Marina Green</a> via the waterfront.<a href="#cite_note-2005walk-92">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-7thAnnual-93">[90]</a> Organizers claimed 15,000 demonstrators in 2006 and 20,000 in 2007. In 2008, the San Francisco Chronicle estimated at least 10,000 people were bussed in from all over the state and beyond.<a href="#cite_note-ThousandsMarch-94">[91]</a> On Saturday, January 24, 2009, organizers claimed "tens of thousands" of marchers.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> On Saturday, January 22, 2011, more than 40,000 people gathered for the seventh annual Walk, in downtown San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-7thAnnual-93">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violence">Violence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Violence">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_violence" title="Anti-abortion violence">Anti-abortion violence</a></div> On July 27, 1987, eight members of the Bible Missionary Fellowship, a fundamentalist church in <a href="/wiki/Santee,_California" title="Santee, California">Santee, California</a>, attempted to bomb the Alvarado Medical Center abortion clinic. Church member <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Sullenger" title="Cheryl Sullenger">Cheryl Sullenger</a> procured gunpowder, bomb materials, and a disguise for co-conspirator Eric Everett Svelmoe, who planted a gasoline bomb. It was placed at the premises but failed to detonate as the fuse was blown out by wind.<a href="#cite_note-LA_Times-97">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shelley_Shannon" title="Shelley Shannon">Rachelle "Shelley" Shannon</a> attempted to set fires at abortion clinics in Oregon, California, Idaho, and Nevada during the late 1980s and early 1990s, and eventually plead guilty for these cases of arson. In 1993, she would be found guilty of attempted murder of Dr. <a href="/wiki/George_Tiller" title="George Tiller">George Tiller</a> in 1993 at his <a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a>, Kansas clinic.<a href="#cite_note-:12-98">[95]</a> An incident occurred at an abortion clinic in San Francisco on February 28, 1995.<a href="#cite_note-:12-98">[95]</a> On September 20, 1999, an abortion clinic in <a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a> was set on fire.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> Another incident occurred at an abortion clinic in Modesto, California, on March 19, 2003.<a href="#cite_note-:12-98">[95]</a> A man shot at a Planned Parenthood location in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a> with a BB gun several times between June 2020 and May 2021.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Costa_Mesa,_California" title="Costa Mesa, California">Costa Mesa, California</a> on March 13, 2022, Planned Parenthood’s Costa Mesa Health Center in Orange County was firebombed with a Molotov cocktail. Three men were arrested and charged with conspiracy and malicious destruction of property by fire and explosion.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-101">[98]</a> 24-year old ex-Marine and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">Neo-Nazi</a> Chance Brannon, who had participated in the attack and planned several other attacks on targets around southern California, was sentenced to 9 years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Total poll as a percentage of the electorate </li> <li id="cite_note-pctvalid-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pctvalid_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pctvalid_45-1">b</a> As a percentage of the valid poll (total poll without votes not cast) </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Votes not cast as a percentage of the total poll. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMikelionis2019" class="citation web cs1">Mikelionis, Lukas (June 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/california-newsom-encourages-women-abortion">"Abortion seekers welcome in California, governor says, as pro-life measures gain elsewhere in US"</a>. 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April 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-Marine+sentenced+for+firebombing+Southern+California+Planned+Parenthood+clinic%2C+plotting+more+attacks&rft.date=2024-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fktla.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fex-marine-sentenced-for-firebombing-southern-california-planned-parenthood-clinic-plotting-more-attacks%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAccording%2520to%2520the%2520DOJ%252C%2520Brannon%2CCosta%2520Mesa%2520in%2520March%25202022.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbortion+in+California" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0002qt9t">Image of a woman holding a large crucifix amid protesters with "Keep Abortion Legal" signs, Los Angeles, California, 1989.</a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Young_Research_Library" title="Charles E. Young Research Library">Charles E. Young Research Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Abortion by US state"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Abortion_in_the_United_States_by_state" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion in the United States</a> by state</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Alabama" title="Abortion in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Alaska" title="Abortion in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Arizona" title="Abortion in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Arkansas" title="Abortion in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Colorado" title="Abortion in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Connecticut" title="Abortion in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Delaware" title="Abortion in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Florida" title="Abortion in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Abortion in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Hawaii" title="Abortion in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Idaho" title="Abortion in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Illinois" title="Abortion in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Indiana" title="Abortion in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Iowa" title="Abortion in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Kansas" title="Abortion in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Kentucky" title="Abortion in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Louisiana" title="Abortion in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Maine" title="Abortion in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Maryland" title="Abortion in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Massachusetts" title="Abortion in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Michigan" title="Abortion in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Minnesota" title="Abortion in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Mississippi" title="Abortion in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Missouri" title="Abortion in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Montana" title="Abortion in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nebraska" title="Abortion in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nevada" title="Abortion in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Hampshire" title="Abortion in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Jersey" title="Abortion in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Mexico" title="Abortion in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_York" title="Abortion in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_North_Carolina" title="Abortion in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_North_Dakota" title="Abortion in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Ohio" title="Abortion in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Oklahoma" title="Abortion in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Oregon" title="Abortion in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Pennsylvania" title="Abortion in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Rhode_Island" title="Abortion in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_South_Carolina" title="Abortion in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_South_Dakota" title="Abortion in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Tennessee" title="Abortion in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Texas" title="Abortion in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Utah" title="Abortion in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Vermont" title="Abortion in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Virginia" title="Abortion in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Washington_(state)" title="Abortion in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_West_Virginia" title="Abortion in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Wisconsin" title="Abortion in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Wyoming" title="Abortion in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg/170px-Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg/255px-Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg/340px-Gestational_limits_for_elective_abortion_in_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Abortion in the District of Columbia">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_American_Samoa" title="Abortion in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Guam" title="Abortion in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Abortion in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Abortion in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Abortion in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&oldid=1248911836">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_California&oldid=1248911836</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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