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class="mw-page-title-main">Progressive music</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progresivn%C3%AD_hudba" title="Progresivní hudba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Progresivní hudba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Musik" title="Progressive Musik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Progressive Musik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_progresiva" title="Música progresiva – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Música progresiva" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_progressive" title="Musique progressive – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musique progressive" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%8B%9C%EB%B8%8C_%EC%9D%8C%EC%95%85" title="프로그레시브 음악 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프로그레시브 음악" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%AA" title="מוזיקה מתקדמת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_jazz&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive jazz">Progressive jazz</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of music that emphasizes expansion of form and stylistic variety</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Progressive_music_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Progressive music (disambiguation)">Progressive music (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Portrait_of_Stan_Kenton,_Shelly_Manne,_and_Eddie_Safranski,_1947_or_1948)_(LOC)_(5354790936)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%28Portrait_of_Stan_Kenton%2C_Shelly_Manne%2C_and_Eddie_Safranski%2C_1947_or_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%285354790936%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-%28Portrait_of_Stan_Kenton%2C_Shelly_Manne%2C_and_Eddie_Safranski%2C_1947_or_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%285354790936%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%28Portrait_of_Stan_Kenton%2C_Shelly_Manne%2C_and_Eddie_Safranski%2C_1947_or_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%285354790936%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/390px-%28Portrait_of_Stan_Kenton%2C_Shelly_Manne%2C_and_Eddie_Safranski%2C_1947_or_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%285354790936%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%28Portrait_of_Stan_Kenton%2C_Shelly_Manne%2C_and_Eddie_Safranski%2C_1947_or_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%285354790936%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/520px-%28Portrait_of_Stan_Kenton%2C_Shelly_Manne%2C_and_Eddie_Safranski%2C_1947_or_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%285354790936%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Bandleader <a href="/wiki/Stan_Kenton" title="Stan Kenton">Stan Kenton</a> coined "progressive jazz" for his complex, loud, and brassy approach to <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> jazz that conveyed an association with <a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">art music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AMProgJazz_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMProgJazz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Progressive music</b> is music that attempts to expand existing stylistic boundaries associated with specific <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genres</a> of music.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word comes from the basic concept of "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/progress" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:progress">progress</a>", which refers to advancements through accumulation,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is often deployed in the context of distinct genres, with <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a> being the most notable example.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music that is deemed "progressive" usually synthesizes influences from various cultural domains, such as European <a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">art music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celtic_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic folk">Celtic folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian music">West Indian</a>, or <a href="/wiki/African_music" class="mw-redirect" title="African music">African</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385–87_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385–87-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is rooted in the idea of a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_alternative" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural alternative">cultural alternative</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan2005250_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan2005250-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may also be associated with <a href="/wiki/Auteur-stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Auteur-stars">auteur-stars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concept_album" title="Concept album">concept albums</a>, considered traditional structures of the <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds20136–7,_16_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds20136–7,_16-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an <a href="/wiki/Art_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Art theory">art theory</a>, the progressive approach falls between <a href="/wiki/Formalism_(art)" title="Formalism (art)">formalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_music" title="Eclecticism in music">eclecticism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201316,_85–87_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201316,_85–87-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotner200090_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200090-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Formalism" refers to a preoccupation with established external compositional systems, structural unity, and the autonomy of individual art works. Like formalism, "eclecticism" connotes a predilection toward style synthesis or integration. However, contrary to formalist tendencies, eclecticism foregrounds discontinuities between historical and contemporary styles and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_media" title="Electronic media">electronic media</a>, sometimes referring simultaneously to vastly different musical genres, idioms, and <a href="/wiki/Culture_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture code">cultural codes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotner200093_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200093-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a>, "progressive" is used to distinguish a product from "<a href="/wiki/Commercialism" title="Commercialism">commercial</a>" <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore202_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore202-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jazz">Jazz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Progressive jazz" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Progressive_jazz_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Progressive jazz (disambiguation)">Progressive jazz (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">Bebop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">Cool jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream">Third stream</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz fusion</a></div> <p><b>Progressive jazz</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> that is more complex<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or experimental.<sup id="cite_ref-AMProgJazz_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMProgJazz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It originated in the 1940s with arrangers who drew from <a href="/wiki/Modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist">modernist</a> composers such as <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Paul Hindemith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its "progressive" features were replete with dissonance, atonality, and brash effects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler2002103–105_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler2002103–105-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Progressive jazz was most popularized by the bandleader <a href="/wiki/Stan_Kenton" title="Stan Kenton">Stan Kenton</a> during the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics were initially wary of the idiom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a> wrote in his autobiography: "They tried to make Stan Kenton a 'white hope', called modern jazz and my music 'progressive', then tried to tell me I played 'progressive' music. I said, 'You're full of shit!' 'Stan Kenton? There ain't nothing in my music that's cold, cold like his."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillespie2009337_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillespie2009337-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Progressive big band</b> is a style of big band or <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing music</a> that was made for listening, with denser, more modernist arrangements and more room to improvise. The online music guide <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> states that, along with Kenton, musicians like <a href="/wiki/Gil_Evans" title="Gil Evans">Gil Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshiko_Akiyoshi" title="Toshiko Akiyoshi">Toshiko Akiyoshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cal_Massey" title="Cal Massey">Cal Massey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Foster_(jazz_musician)" title="Frank Foster (jazz musician)">Frank Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carla_Bley" title="Carla Bley">Carla Bley</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Gruntz" title="George Gruntz">George Gruntz</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Amram" title="David Amram">David Amram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Ra" title="Sun Ra">Sun Ra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> were major proponents of the style.<sup id="cite_ref-AMProgBigBand_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMProgBigBand-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pop_and_rock">Pop and rock</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pop and rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">Progressive pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Pop" class="mw-redirect" title="New Pop">New Pop</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definitions">Definitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Progressive rock" is almost synonymous with "<a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">art rock</a>"; the latter is more likely to have experimental or avant-garde influences.<sup id="cite_ref-AMProg_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMProg-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a unidirectional English "progressive" style emerged in the late 1960s, by 1967, progressive rock had come to constitute a diversity of loosely associated style codes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotner200090_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200090-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the arrival of a "progressive" label, the music was dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">progressive pop</a>" before it was called "<a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore200422_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore200422-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Progressive" referred to the wide range of attempts to break with the standard pop music formula.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaworthSmith1975126_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaworthSmith1975126-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of additional factors contributed to the label—lyrics were more poetic, technology was harnessed for new sounds, music approached the condition of "art", some harmonic language was imported from jazz and <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">19th-century classical music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Album_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Album Era">the album format overtook singles</a>, and the studio, rather than the stage, became the focus of musical activity, which often involved creating music for listening, not dancing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201–202_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201–202-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Acid_rock" title="Acid rock">Acid rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proto-prog" title="Proto-prog">Proto-prog</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Up until the mid 1960s, individual idiolects always operated within particular styles. What was so revolutionary about this post-<a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> music that came to be called 'progressive' ... was that musicians acquired the facility to move between styles—the umbilical link between idiolect and style had been broken. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">—Allan Moore<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore200422_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore200422-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>During the mid 1960s, pop music made repeated forays into new sounds, styles, and techniques that inspired public discourse among its listeners. The word "progressive" was frequently used, and it was thought that every song and single was to be a "progression" from the last.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHewittHellier2015162_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHewittHellier2015162-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966, the degree of social and artistic dialogue among rock musicians dramatically increased for bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">the Beach Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">the Byrds</a> who fused elements of <a href="/wiki/Cultivated_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultivated music">composed (cultivated) music</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_music" title="Vernacular music">oral (vernacular) musical traditions</a> of rock.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rock music started to take itself seriously, paralleling earlier attempts in jazz (as swing gave way to bop, a move which did not succeed with audiences). In this period, the <a href="/wiki/Popular_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular song">popular song</a> began signaling a new possible means of expression that went beyond the three-minute <a href="/wiki/Love_song" title="Love song">love song</a>, leading to an intersection between the "underground" and the "establishment" for listening publics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Beach Boys' leader <a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a> is credited for setting a precedent that allowed bands and artists to enter a recording studio and act as their own producers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2013890_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2013890-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The music was developed immediately following a brief period in the mid 1960s where creative authenticity among musical artists and consumer marketing coincided with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2014219_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2014219-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the progressive pop of the late 1960s, performers were typically unable to decide on the artistic content of their music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2014217_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2014217-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assisted by the mid 1960s economic boom, record labels began investing in artists, giving them freedom to experiment, and offering them limited control over their content and marketing.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore202_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore202-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growing student market serviced record labels with the word "progressive", being adopted as a marketing term to differentiate their product from "commercial" pop.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore202_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore202-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music critic</a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a> writes that beginning with 1967, a divide would exist between "progressive" pop and "mass/chart" pop, a separation which was "also, broadly, one between boys and girls, middle-class and working-class".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006398_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006398-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before progressive/art rock became the most commercially successful British sound of the early 1970s, the 1960s <a href="/wiki/Psychedelia" title="Psychedelia">psychedelic movement</a> brought together art and <a href="/wiki/Commercialism" title="Commercialism">commercialism</a>, broaching the question of what it meant to be an artist in a mass medium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrithHorne201699_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrithHorne201699-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Progressive musicians thought that artistic status depended on personal autonomy, and so the strategy of "progressive" rock groups was to present themselves as performers and composers "above" normal pop practice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrithHorne201674,_99–100_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrithHorne201674,_99–100-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg/220px-DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg/330px-DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg/440px-DarkSideOfTheMoon1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> performing <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon" title="The Dark Side of the Moon">The Dark Side of the Moon</a></i> (1973), the best-selling album of the entire progressive rock period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPriore200579_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPriore200579-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Proto-prog" title="Proto-prog">Proto-prog</a>" is a retrospective label for the first wave of progressive rock musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201384_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201384-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The musicians that approached this genre harnessed <a href="/wiki/Modern_classical" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern classical">modern classical</a> and other genres usually outside of traditional rock influences, longer and more complicated compositions, interconnected songs as medley, and studio composition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreene2016182_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreene2016182-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Progressive rock itself evolved from <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Acid_rock" title="Acid rock">acid rock</a> music,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> specifically a strain of classical/symphonic rock led by <a href="/wiki/The_Nice" title="The Nice">the Nice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procol_Harum" title="Procol Harum">Procol Harum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Moody_Blues" title="The Moody Blues">the Moody Blues</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AMProg_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMProg-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics assumed <a href="/wiki/King_Crimson" title="King Crimson">King Crimson</a>'s debut album <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Court_of_the_Crimson_King" title="In the Court of the Crimson King">In the Court of the Crimson King</a></i> (1969) to be the logical extension and development of late 1960s proto-progressive rock exemplified by the Moody Blues, Procol Harum, <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>, and the Beatles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan200575_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan200575-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Macan, the album may be the most influential to progressive rock for crystallizing the music of earlier "proto-progressive bands [...] into a distinctive, immediately recognizable style".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan199723_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199723-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He distinguishes 1970s "classic" prog from late 1960s proto-prog by the conscious rejection of psychedelic rock elements, which proto-progressive bands continued to incorporate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan2005xxiii_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan2005xxiii-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-progressive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave music</a></div> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a>" is a term invented to distinguish a type of rock music from the persistent "progressive rock" style associated with the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011224_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011224-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid to late 1970s, progressive music was denigrated for its assumed pretentiousness, specifically the likes of <a href="/wiki/Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emerson,_Lake_%26_Palmer" title="Emerson, Lake & Palmer">Emerson, Lake & Palmer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERojek201128_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERojek201128-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to musicologist John Covach, "by the early 1980s, progressive rock was thought to be all but dead as a style, an idea reinforced by the fact that some of the principal progressive groups has developed a more commercial sound. [...] What went out of the music of these now ex-progressive groups [...] was any significant evocation of art music."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECovach19975_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECovach19975-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the opinion of King Crimson's <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fripp" title="Robert Fripp">Robert Fripp</a>, "progressive" music was an attitude, not a style. He believed that genuinely "progressive" music pushes stylistic and conceptual boundaries outwards through the appropriation of procedures from classical music or jazz, and that once "progressive rock" ceased to cover new ground – becoming a set of conventions to be repeated and imitated – the genre's premise had ceased to be "progressive".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan1997206_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997206-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="anchor" id="Progressive_punk"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Talkin%27HeadsELMO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Talkin%27HeadsELMO.jpg/220px-Talkin%27HeadsELMO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Talkin%27HeadsELMO.jpg/330px-Talkin%27HeadsELMO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Talkin%27HeadsELMO.jpg/440px-Talkin%27HeadsELMO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a>, late 1970s</figcaption></figure> <p>A direct reaction to prog came in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Punk_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk movement">punk movement</a>, which rejected classical traditions,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERojek201128_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERojek201128-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> virtuosity, and textural complexity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECovach19975_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECovach19975-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a>, which author Doyle Green characterizes "as a kind of <span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span><b>progressive punk</b><span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreene2014173_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreene2014173-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was played by bands like <a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pere_Ubu" title="Pere Ubu">Pere Ubu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_Image_Ltd" title="Public Image Ltd">Public Image Ltd</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joy_Division" title="Joy Division">Joy Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERojek201128_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERojek201128-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It differs from punk rock by balancing punk's energy and skepticism with a re-engagement with an <a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">art school</a> consciousness, <a href="/wiki/Dadaist" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadaist">Dadaist</a> experimentalism, and atmospheric, ambient soundscapes. It was also majorly influenced from <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a>, especially African and Asian traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERojek201128_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERojek201128-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same period, <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave music</a> was more sophisticated in production terms than some contemporaneous progressive music, but was largely perceived as simplistic, and thus had little overt appeal to art music or art-music practice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECovach19975_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECovach19975-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Musicologist <a href="/wiki/Bill_Martin_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Martin (philosophy)">Bill Martin</a> writes; "[Talking] Heads created a kind of new-wave music that was the perfect synthesis of punk urgency and attitude and progressive-rock sophistication and creativity. A good deal of the more interesting rock since that time is clearly 'post-Talking Heads' music, but this means that it is post-progressive rock as well."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin1998251_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1998251-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soul_and_funk">Soul and funk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Soul and funk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_soul" title="Progressive soul">Progressive soul</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alternative_R%26B" title="Alternative R&B">Alternative R&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avant-funk" title="Avant-funk">avant-funk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neo_soul" title="Neo soul">neo soul</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG/170px-Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG/255px-Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG/340px-Stevie_Wonder_1973.JPG 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, who released a series of prog-soul albums in the 1970s</figcaption></figure> <p>"Progressive soul" is used by Martin to refer to a musical development in which many African-American recording artists by the 1970s were creating music in a manner similar to progressive rock.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This development inspired greater musical diversity and sophistication, ambitious lyricism, and conceptual album-oriented approach in black pop.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the musicians at its forefront were <a href="/wiki/Sly_Stone" title="Sly Stone">Sly Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoardBrackett2004524_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoardBrackett2004524-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Himes" title="Geoffrey Himes">Geoffrey Himes</a>, "the short-lived progressive-soul movement flourished" from 1968 to 1973 and demonstrated "adventurous rock guitar, socially conscious lyrics and classic R&B melody".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHimes1990_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHimes1990-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to contemporaneous white prog musicians, progressive black musicians in the 1970s directed their creative control toward ideals of "individualism, artistic progression and writing for posterity", according to music academic Jay Keister, who notes that this pursuit sometimes conflicted with the collective political values of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeister20199_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeister20199-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the stylistic characteristics shared from progressive rock in black progressive music of this period were extended composition, diverse musical appropriation, and recording music intended for listening rather than dancing. Rather than the song-based extended compositions and suites of progressive white music, black counterparts in the 1970s generally unified an extended recording with an underlying rhythmic <a href="/wiki/Groove_(music)" title="Groove (music)">groove</a>. Instrumental textures were altered in order to signify a change in section over an extended track's course. Examples of these characteristics include <a href="/wiki/Funkadelic" title="Funkadelic">Funkadelic</a>'s "Wars of Armageddon" (1971) and <a href="/wiki/Sun_Ra" title="Sun Ra">Sun Ra</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Space_Is_the_Place_(Sun_Ra_album)" title="Space Is the Place (Sun Ra album)">Space Is the Place</a>" (1973).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeister20199–10_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeister20199–10-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the European art music appropriations used by white artists, progressive black music featured musical idioms from <a href="/wiki/African_music" class="mw-redirect" title="African music">African</a> and <a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">African-American music</a> sources. However, some also borrowed elements from European American traditions to augment a song's lyrical idea. For example, Wonder added pleasant-sounding instrumental textures from a string section to "Village Ghetto Land" (1976), lending a sense of irony to an otherwise bleak critique of social ills in urban ghettos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeister201910_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeister201910-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electronic">Electronic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Electronic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music" title="Intelligent dance music">Intelligent dance music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">Progressive house</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">Electronica</a></div> <p>"<b>Progressive electronic</b>" is defined by AllMusic as a subgenre of <a href="/wiki/New_age_music" class="mw-redirect" title="New age music">new age music</a>, and a style that "thrives in more unfamiliar territory" where the results are "often dictated by the technology itself". According to Allmusic, "rather than sampling or synthesizing acoustic sounds to electronically replicate them" producers of this music "tend to mutate the original timbres, sometimes to an unrecognizable state". Allmusic also states that "true artists in the genre also create their own sounds".<sup id="cite_ref-AMProgElec_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMProgElec-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giorgio_Moroder_Melt!_2015_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Giorgio_Moroder_Melt%21_2015_02.jpg/220px-Giorgio_Moroder_Melt%21_2015_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Giorgio_Moroder_Melt%21_2015_02.jpg/330px-Giorgio_Moroder_Melt%21_2015_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Giorgio_Moroder_Melt%21_2015_02.jpg/440px-Giorgio_Moroder_Melt%21_2015_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a> performing in 2015</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Dream" title="Tangerine Dream">Tangerine Dream</a>'s 1974 album <i><a href="/wiki/Phaedra_(album)" title="Phaedra (album)">Phaedra</a></i>, recorded with a <a href="/wiki/Moog_Music" title="Moog Music">Moog</a> sequencer, was described as "an early masterpiece of progressive electronic music" by <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a>, a desire to define precise stylistic strands and taste markets saw the interposition of prefixes like "progressive", "<a href="/wiki/Tribal_house" title="Tribal house">tribal</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music" title="Intelligent dance music">intelligent</a>". According to disc jockey and producer <a href="/wiki/Carl_Craig" title="Carl Craig">Carl Craig</a>, the term "progressive" was used in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> in the early 1980s in reference to <a href="/wiki/Italo_disco" title="Italo disco">Italian disco</a>. The music was dubbed "progressive" because it drew upon the influence of <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Euro_disco" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro disco">Euro disco</a> rather than the disco inspired by the symphonic <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia sound">Philadelphia sound</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds20137,_16_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds20137,_16-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1993, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">progressive house</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">trance music</a> had emerged in <a href="/wiki/Dance_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance club">dance clubs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013184_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013184-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Progressive house" was an English style of house distinguished by long tracks, big riffs, mild dub inflections, and multitiered percussion. According to Simon Reynolds, the "'progressive' seemed to signify not just its anti-cheese, nongirly credentials, but its severing of house's roots from gay black disco".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013376_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013376-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-1990s, the <a href="/wiki/Lowercase_(music)" title="Lowercase (music)">lowercase</a> movement, a reductive approach towards new digital technologies, was spearheaded by a number of so-called "<b>progressive electronica</b>" artists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotterGann2016178_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotterGann2016178-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Reynolds<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds201350_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds201350-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> posited in 2013 that "the truly progressive edge in electronic music involves doing things that can't be physically achieved by human beings manipulating instruments in real-time".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds201350_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds201350-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He criticized terms like "progressive" and "intelligent", arguing that "it's usually a sign that it's gearing up the media game as a prequel to buying into traditional music industry structure of auteur-stars, concept albums, and long-term careers. Above all, it's a sign of impending musical debility, creeping self-importance, and the hemorrhaging away of fun."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds20136–7_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds20136–7-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reynolds also identifies links between progressive rock and other electronic music genres, and that "many post-<a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">rave</a> genres bear an uncanny resemblance to progressive rock: conceptualism, <a href="/wiki/Music_auteur" class="mw-redirect" title="Music auteur">auteur-geniuses</a>, producers making music to impress other producers, [and] showboating virtuosity reborn as the 'science' of programming finesse".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013386_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013386-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hip_hop">Hip hop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hip hop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rap" title="Progressive rap">Progressive rap</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alternative_hip_hop" title="Alternative hip hop">Alternative hip hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conscious_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscious hip hop">conscious hip hop</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Underground_hip_hop" title="Underground hip hop">underground hip hop</a></div> <p>"<b>Progressive rap</b>" has been used by academics to describe a certain type of <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anthony_B._Pinn" title="Anthony B. Pinn">Anthony B. Pinn</a> regards it as a thematic subset alongside <a href="/wiki/Gangsta_rap" title="Gangsta rap">gangsta rap</a> and "status rap", which expresses concerns about <a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">social status</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_mobility" title="Social mobility">mobility</a>. While exploring <a href="/wiki/Existential_crisis" title="Existential crisis">existential crises</a> and philosophical contradictions similar to gangsta rap, progressive rap, he says, "seeks to address these concerns without intracommunal aggression and in terms of political and cultural education, providing an interpretation of American society and a constructive agenda (e.g. self respect, knowledge, pride, and unity) for the <a href="/wiki/Racial_uplift" title="Racial uplift">uplift</a> of <a href="/wiki/Black_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Black America">Black America</a>". He adds that works of the genre also utilize "a more overt dialogue with and interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Religion_of_black_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of black Americans">Black religiosity</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Pinn_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinn-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a corollary analysis, fellow academic Evelyn L. Parker says that progressive rap "seeks to transform systems of injustice by transforming the perspective of their victims" while demonstrating "the clear prophetic voice reflecting the rage caused by the dehumanizing injustices that African Americans experience".<sup id="cite_ref-Parker_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kendrick_Lamar_Obama_Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kendrick_Lamar_Obama_Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e_2016.jpg/220px-Kendrick_Lamar_Obama_Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kendrick_Lamar_Obama_Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e_2016.jpg/330px-Kendrick_Lamar_Obama_Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kendrick_Lamar_Obama_Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e_2016.jpg/440px-Kendrick_Lamar_Obama_Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>Progressive rapper <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar" title="Kendrick Lamar">Kendrick Lamar</a> (left) alongside President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (center) and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_soul" title="Progressive soul">prog-soul</a> singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e" title="Janelle Monáe">Janelle Monáe</a>, 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Early works of progressive rap such as the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash_and_the_Furious_Five" title="Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five">Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five</a> song "<a href="/wiki/The_Message_(Grandmaster_Flash_and_the_Furious_Five_song)" title="The Message (Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five song)">The Message</a>" and the music of <a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Enemy (band)">Public Enemy</a> featured expressions of anger about chaotic <a href="/wiki/Urban_culture" title="Urban culture">urban life</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinn_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinn-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Parker_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other formative groups such as <a href="/wiki/De_La_Soul" title="De La Soul">De La Soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Tribe_Called_Quest" title="A Tribe Called Quest">A Tribe Called Quest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brand_Nubian" title="Brand Nubian">Brand Nubian</a> helped establish the genre's thematic mode.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the turn of the 2000s, <a href="/wiki/Outkast" title="Outkast">Outkast</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Roots" title="The Roots">The Roots</a> were among the few progressive-rap acts who "ruminated on hip-hop's <a href="/wiki/Generation_Z" title="Generation Z">post-millennial</a> direction" and "produced records in an avant-garde vein purposely intended to evolve the music" while achieving commercial success, according to <a href="/wiki/Miles_Marshall_Lewis" title="Miles Marshall Lewis">Miles Marshall Lewis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>, another influential artist in hip hop's progressive tradition, achieved even greater success with his opening trilogy of education-themed albums in the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His 2010 album <i><a href="/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy" title="My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy">My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy</a></i> has also been associated with prog-rap due largely to its <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampling</a> of records from progressive rock as well as its ostentatious sensibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The UK has also produced notable performers in progressive rap, including <a href="/wiki/Gaika_(musician)" title="Gaika (musician)">Gaika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kojey_Radical" title="Kojey Radical">Kojey Radical</a>, who are credited by <i><a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a></i> in 2016 for working "deliberately outside the confines of <a href="/wiki/Grime_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music)">grime</a> and traditional UK hip hop to create genuinely progressive rap that rivals the US for creativity, urgency, and importance, and portrays a much broader <a href="/wiki/Black_British_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British music">black British music</a> landscape than you hear on the radio".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, American studies and media scholar William Hoynes highlights the progressive rap of <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar" title="Kendrick Lamar">Kendrick Lamar</a> as being in the tradition of African-American art and activism that operated "both inside and outside of the mainstream to advance a counterculture that opposes the racist stereotypes being propagated in white-owned media and culture".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to academic Tim Wall, the most significant example of the struggle between <a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a>, African American, <a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">vernacular and art discourses</a> was in jazz. As early as the 1930s, artists attempted to cultivate ideas of "symphonic jazz", taking it away from its perceived vernacular and black American roots. These developments succeeded in the respect that many people today no longer consider certain forms of jazz as popular music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWall201342–43_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWall201342–43-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term was also partly related to <a href="/wiki/Progressive_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive politics">progressive politics</a>, but those connotations were lost early in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson2017223_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson2017223-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Starting in about 1967, "pop music" was increasingly used in opposition to the term "rock music", a division that gave generic significance to both terms.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allan Moore writes; "It should be clear by now that, although this history appears to offer a roughly chronological succession of styles, there is no single, linear history to that thing we call <i>popular song</i>. [...] Sometimes it appears that there are only peripheries. Sometimes, audiences gravitate towards a centre. The most prominent period when this happened was in the early to mid 1960s when it seems that almost everyone, irrespective of age, class or cultural background, listened to the Beatles. But by 1970 this monolothic position had again broken down. Both <a href="/wiki/The_Edgar_Broughton_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="The Edgar Broughton Band">the Edgar Broughton Band</a>'s 'Apache Dropout' and <a href="/wiki/Edison_Lighthouse" title="Edison Lighthouse">Edison Lighthouse</a>'s '<a href="/wiki/Love_Grows_(Where_My_Rosemary_Goes)" title="Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes)">Love grows</a>' were released in 1970 with strong Midlands/London connections, and both were audible on the same radio stations, but were operating according to very different aesthetics."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016199–200_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016199–200-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This situation fell in disuse after the late 1970s and would not reemerge until the rise of <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> stars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016202_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016202-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/New_Pop" class="mw-redirect" title="New Pop">New Pop</a> movement of the 1980s was an attempt to bridge this divide.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006398_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006398-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By 1970, a journalist at <i><a href="/wiki/Melody_Maker" title="Melody Maker">Melody Maker</a></i> highlighted progressive pop as the "most fascinating and recent development" in popular music, writing that the music is "meant for a wide audience but which is intended to have more permanent value than the six weeks in the charts and the 'forget it' music of older pop forms".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobshagenLenigerHenn2007141_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobshagenLenigerHenn2007141-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Author Doyle Greene believes that the "proto-prog" label can stretch to "the later <a href="/wiki/Beatles" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatles">Beatles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>", <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soft_Machine" title="Soft Machine">Soft Machine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America (band)">United States of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreene2016182_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreene2016182-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edward Macan says that psychedelic bands like the Nice, the Moody Blues, and Pink Floyd represent a proto-progressive style and the first wave of English progressive rock.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201384_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201384-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Groups such as <a href="/wiki/The_Sex_Pistols" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sex Pistols">the Sex Pistols</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">the Clash</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a> adopted a "back-to-basics" stance, embracing the roots of rock music with direct sentiments, simple chord structures, and uncluttered arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERojek201128_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERojek201128-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While punk rock appeared to be a negation of progressive rock, both styles of music derived from the idea of a cultural alternative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan2005250_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan2005250-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AMProgJazz-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMProgJazz_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMProgJazz_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/progressive-jazz-ma0000012362">"Progressive Jazz"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Progressive+Jazz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fsubgenre%2Fprogressive-jazz-ma0000012362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWillis2014">Willis 2014</a>, p. 219, 'Progressive' music can be seen as an experimentation with alternative routes"; <a href="#CITEREFMoore2004">Moore 2004</a>, p. 22, "What was so revolutionary about this post-hippie music that came to be called 'progressive' ... was that ... the umbilical link between idiolect and style had been broken."; <a href="#CITEREFMacan1997">Macan 1997</a>, p. 246, "the progressive rock of the 1970s had been 'progressive' only as long as it pushed the stylistic and conceptual boundaries of rock outwards"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolm-Hudson2013">Holm-Hudson 2013</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuern2016">Guern 2016</a>, p. 33; <a href="#CITEREFMartin1998">Martin 1998</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385–87-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201385–87_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolm-Hudson2013">Holm-Hudson 2013</a>, pp. 85–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan2005250-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan2005250_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan2005250_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacan2005">Macan 2005</a>, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds20136–7,_16-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds20136–7,_16_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2013">Reynolds 2013</a>, pp. 6–7, 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201316,_85–87-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm-Hudson201316,_85–87_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolm-Hudson2013">Holm-Hudson 2013</a>, pp. 16, 85–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200090-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotner200090_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotner200090_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCotner2000">Cotner 2000</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotner200093-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotner200093_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCotner2000">Cotner 2000</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore202-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moore202_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore202_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore202_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllan_F._Moore2016" class="citation book cs1">Allan F. Moore (1 Apr 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S6DeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT202"><i>Song Means: Analysing and Interpreting Recorded Popular Song</i></a>. Routledge. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-05265-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-05265-4"><bdi>978-1-317-05265-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Song+Means%3A+Analysing+and+Interpreting+Recorded+Popular+Song&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.isbn=978-1-317-05265-4&rft.au=Allan+F.+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS6DeCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkeGarrettGoldmark2012131_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkeGarrettGoldmark2012">Ake, Garrett & Goldmark 2012</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWall201342–43-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWall201342–43_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWall2013">Wall 2013</a>, pp. 42–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler2002103–105-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler2002103–105_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButler2002">Butler 2002</a>, pp. 103–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillespie2009337-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillespie2009337_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGillespie2009">Gillespie 2009</a>, p. 337.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMProgBigBand-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AMProgBigBand_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/progressive-big-band-ma0000012127">"Progressive Big Band"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Progressive+Big+Band&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fsubgenre%2Fprogressive-big-band-ma0000012127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMProg-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMProg_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMProg_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/prog-rock-ma0000002798">"Prog-Rock"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Prog-Rock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fsubgenre%2Fprog-rock-ma0000002798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson2017223-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson2017223_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobinson2017">Robinson 2017</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore200422-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore200422_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore200422_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore2004">Moore 2004</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGloag2006" class="citation book cs1">Gloag, Kenneth (2006). Latham, Alison (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780198662129"><i>The Oxford Companion to Music</i></a></span>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-866212-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-866212-2"><bdi>0-19-866212-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Music&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-866212-2&rft.aulast=Gloag&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780198662129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaworthSmith1975126-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaworthSmith1975126_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaworthSmith1975">Haworth & Smith 1975</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201–202-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201–202_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore2016">Moore 2016</a>, pp. 201–202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHewittHellier2015162-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHewittHellier2015162_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHewittHellier2015">Hewitt & Hellier 2015</a>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016201_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore2016">Moore 2016</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016199–200-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016199–200_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore2016">Moore 2016</a>, pp. 199–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2013890-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2013890_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmondson2013">Edmondson 2013</a>, p. 890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2014219-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2014219_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWillis2014">Willis 2014</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2014217-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2014217_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWillis2014">Willis 2014</a>, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2016202-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2016202_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore2016">Moore 2016</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006398-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006398_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006398_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2006">Reynolds 2006</a>, p. 398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrithHorne201699-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrithHorne201699_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrithHorne2016">Frith & Horne 2016</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrithHorne201674,_99–100-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrithHorne201674,_99–100_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrithHorne2016">Frith & Horne 2016</a>, pp. 74, 99–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobshagenLenigerHenn2007141-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobshagenLenigerHenn2007141_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span 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href="#CITEREFGreene2016">Greene 2016</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan200575-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan200575_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacan2005">Macan 2005</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan199723-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan199723_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacan1997">Macan 1997</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan2005xxiii-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan2005xxiii_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacan2005">Macan 2005</a>, p. xxiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011224-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegartyHalliwell2011224_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHegartyHalliwell2011">Hegarty & Halliwell 2011</a>, p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERojek201128-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERojek201128_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERojek201128_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERojek201128_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERojek201128_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERojek201128_49-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRojek2011">Rojek 2011</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECovach19975-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECovach19975_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECovach19975_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECovach19975_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCovach1997">Covach 1997</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacan1997206-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacan1997206_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacan1997">Macan 1997</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreene2014173-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreene2014173_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreene2014">Greene 2014</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1998251-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin1998251_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartin1998">Martin 1998</a>, p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeister2019">Keister 2019</a>, p. 20; <a href="#CITEREFMartin1998">Martin 1998</a>, 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href="#CITEREFKeister2019">Keister 2019</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeister20199–10-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeister20199–10_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeister2019">Keister 2019</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeister201910-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeister201910_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeister2019">Keister 2019</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMProgElec-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AMProgElec_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/progressive-electronic-ma0000011836">"Progressive Electronic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=50+Greatest+Prog+Rock+Albums+of+All+Time&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2F50-greatest-prog-rock-albums-of-all-time-78793%2Ftangerine-dream-phaedra-1974-35872%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds20137,_16-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds20137,_16_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2013">Reynolds 2013</a>, pp. 7, 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013184-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013184_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2013">Reynolds 2013</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013376-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013376_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2013">Reynolds 2013</a>, p. 376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotterGann2016178-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotterGann2016178_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotterGann2016">Potter & Gann 2016</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds201350-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds201350_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds201350_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2013">Reynolds 2013</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds20136–7-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds20136–7_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2013">Reynolds 2013</a>, pp. 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013386-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2013386_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2013">Reynolds 2013</a>, p. 386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinn-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pinn_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinn_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinn2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_B._Pinn" title="Anthony B. 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(2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EzWkTNxqmF0C&pg=PA101">"Music Theory and Progressive Rock Style Analysis"</a>. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reflectionsoname0000unse_w0t9"><i>Reflections on American Music: The Twentieth Century and the New Millennium</i></a></span>. Pendragon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57647-070-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57647-070-1"><bdi>978-1-57647-070-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Music+Theory+and+Progressive+Rock+Style+Analysis&rft.btitle=Reflections+on+American+Music%3A+The+Twentieth+Century+and+the+New+Millennium&rft.pub=Pendragon+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-57647-070-1&rft.aulast=Cotner&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEzWkTNxqmF0C%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCovach1997" class="citation book cs1">Covach, John (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lipscomb.umn.edu/rock/docs/Covach1997_Yes.pdf">"Progressive Rock, 'Close to the Edge', and the Boundaries of Style"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In John Covach; Graeme M. Boone (eds.). <i>Understanding Rock: Essays in Musical Analysis</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Progressive+Rock%2C+%27Close+to+the+Edge%27%2C+and+the+Boundaries+of+Style&rft.btitle=Understanding+Rock%3A+Essays+in+Musical+Analysis&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Covach&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lipscomb.umn.edu%2Frock%2Fdocs%2FCovach1997_Yes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaslea2018" class="citation book cs1">Easlea, Daryl (2018). "18: The Tremble in the Hips: <i>So</i>". <i>Without Frontiers: The Life & Music of Peter Gabriel</i> (Revised and Updated ed.). Omnibus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-787-59082-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-787-59082-3"><bdi>978-1-787-59082-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=18%3A+The+Tremble+in+the+Hips%3A+So&rft.btitle=Without+Frontiers%3A+The+Life+%26+Music+of+Peter+Gabriel&rft.edition=Revised+and+Updated&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-787-59082-3&rft.aulast=Easlea&rft.aufirst=Daryl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmondson2013" class="citation book cs1">Edmondson, Jacqueline, ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TQPXAQAAQBAJ"><i>Music in American Life: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars, and Stories that Shaped our Culture</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39348-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39348-8"><bdi>978-0-313-39348-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+American+Life%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Songs%2C+Styles%2C+Stars%2C+and+Stories+that+Shaped+our+Culture&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39348-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTQPXAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrithHorne2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Frith" title="Simon Frith">Frith, Simon</a>; Horne, Howard (2016) [First published 1988]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Ej7CwAAQBAJ"><i>Art Into Pop</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-22803-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-22803-5"><bdi>978-1-317-22803-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Into+Pop&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-22803-5&rft.aulast=Frith&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Horne%2C+Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Ej7CwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillespie2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Gillespie, Dizzy</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ACApPO-A3OYC"><i>To Be, Or Not-- to Bop</i></a>. University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-6547-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-6547-1"><bdi>978-0-8166-6547-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Be%2C+Or+Not--+to+Bop&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-6547-1&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Dizzy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DACApPO-A3OYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Green, Tony (March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w8s9P_S6njMC&pg=PA129">"Joi: Star Kity's Revenge (Universal)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spin&rft.atitle=Joi%3A+Star+Kity%27s+Revenge+%28Universal%29&rft.date=2002-03&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8s9P_S6njMC%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2014" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Doyle (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oJlDAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA173"><i>The Rock Cover Song: Culture, History, Politics</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-1507-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-1507-3"><bdi>978-1-4766-1507-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rock+Cover+Song%3A+Culture%2C+History%2C+Politics&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-1507-3&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Doyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoJlDAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2016" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Doyle (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELeaCwAAQBAJ"><i>Rock, Counterculture and the Avant-Garde, 1966–1970: How the Beatles, Frank Zappa and the Velvet Underground Defined an Era</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2403-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2403-7"><bdi>978-1-4766-2403-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock%2C+Counterculture+and+the+Avant-Garde%2C+1966%E2%80%931970%3A+How+the+Beatles%2C+Frank+Zappa+and+the+Velvet+Underground+Defined+an+Era&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-2403-7&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Doyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DELeaCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuern2016" class="citation book cs1">Guern, Philippe Le (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jZHeCwAAQBAJ"><i>Stereo: Comparative Perspectives on the Sociological Study of Popular Music in France and Britain</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-05001-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-05001-8"><bdi>978-1-317-05001-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stereo%3A+Comparative+Perspectives+on+the+Sociological+Study+of+Popular+Music+in+France+and+Britain&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-05001-8&rft.aulast=Guern&rft.aufirst=Philippe+Le&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjZHeCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaworthSmith1975" class="citation book cs1">Haworth, John Trevor; Smith, Michael A. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7IZqAAAAMAAJ"><i>Work and Leisure: An Interdisciplinary Study in Theory, Education and Planning</i></a>. Lepus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780860190097" title="Special:BookSources/9780860190097"><bdi>9780860190097</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Work+and+Leisure%3A+An+Interdisciplinary+Study+in+Theory%2C+Education+and+Planning&rft.pub=Lepus+Books&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780860190097&rft.aulast=Haworth&rft.aufirst=John+Trevor&rft.au=Smith%2C+Michael+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7IZqAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHegartyHalliwell2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hegarty_(musician)" title="Paul Hegarty (musician)">Hegarty, Paul</a>; Halliwell, Martin (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=taA2AqdCAJ0C"><i>Beyond and Before: Progressive Rock Since the 1960s</i></a>. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-2332-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-2332-0"><bdi>978-0-8264-2332-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+and+Before%3A+Progressive+Rock+Since+the+1960s&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-2332-0&rft.aulast=Hegarty&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Halliwell%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtaA2AqdCAJ0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoardBrackett2004" class="citation book cs1">Hoard, Christian; Brackett, Nathan, eds. (2004). <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Rolling_Stone_Album_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Rolling Stone Album Guide">The New Rolling Stone Album Guide</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780743201698" title="Special:BookSources/9780743201698"><bdi>9780743201698</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Rolling+Stone+Album+Guide&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780743201698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolm-Hudson2013" class="citation book cs1">Holm-Hudson, Kevin, ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JQCPAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA275"><i>Progressive Rock Reconsidered</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-71022-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-71022-4"><bdi>978-1-135-71022-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Progressive+Rock+Reconsidered&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-71022-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJQCPAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewittHellier2015" class="citation book cs1">Hewitt, Paolo; Hellier, John (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CxhzCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT162"><i>Steve Marriott: All Too Beautiful</i></a>. Dean Street Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-910570-69-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-910570-69-2"><bdi>978-1-910570-69-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Marriott%3A+All+Too+Beautiful&rft.pub=Dean+Street+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-910570-69-2&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft.au=Hellier%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCxhzCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHimes1990" class="citation news cs1">Himes, Geoffrey (May 16, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1990/05/16/records/428be2d6-aeac-4263-a825-3b08a82535a2/">"Records"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Records&rft.date=1990-05-16&rft.aulast=Himes&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F1990%2F05%2F16%2Frecords%2F428be2d6-aeac-4263-a825-3b08a82535a2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHimes2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Himes" title="Geoffrey Himes">Himes, Geoffrey</a> (October 12, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2001/10/12/bilal-1st-born-second-moyoi/c2bb93f3-390d-499a-9c29-1aa90fa18a3f/">"Bilal '1st Born Second'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Bilal+%271st+Born+Second%27&rft.date=2011-10-12&rft.aulast=Himes&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F2001%2F10%2F12%2Fbilal-1st-born-second-moyoi%2Fc2bb93f3-390d-499a-9c29-1aa90fa18a3f%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobshagenLenigerHenn2007" class="citation book cs1">Jacobshagen, Arnold; Leniger, Markus; Henn, Benedikt (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IQXaAAAAMAAJ"><i>Rebellische Musik: gesellschaftlicher Protest und kultureller Wandel um 1968</i></a>. Verlag Dohr. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-936655-48-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-936655-48-3"><bdi>978-3-936655-48-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebellische+Musik%3A+gesellschaftlicher+Protest+und+kultureller+Wandel+um+1968&rft.pub=Verlag+Dohr&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-936655-48-3&rft.aulast=Jacobshagen&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft.au=Leniger%2C+Markus&rft.au=Henn%2C+Benedikt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIQXaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeister2019" class="citation journal cs1">Keister, Jay (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colorado.edu/amrc/sites/default/files/attached-files/109701_cu_amrcjournal_cover_prf.pdf">"Black Prog: Soul, Funk, Intellect and the Progressive Side of Black Music of the 1970s"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Music Research Center Journal</i>. <b>28</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Colorado.edu" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado.edu">colorado.edu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Music+Research+Center+Journal&rft.atitle=Black+Prog%3A+Soul%2C+Funk%2C+Intellect+and+the+Progressive+Side+of+Black+Music+of+the+1970s&rft.volume=28&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Keister&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.colorado.edu%2Famrc%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fattached-files%2F109701_cu_amrcjournal_cover_prf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacan1997" class="citation book cs1">Macan, Edward (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jxrtek_vttEC"><i>Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509887-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509887-7"><bdi>978-0-19-509887-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rocking+the+Classics%3A+English+Progressive+Rock+and+the+Counterculture&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-509887-7&rft.aulast=Macan&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJxrtek_vttEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacan2005" class="citation book cs1">Macan, Edward (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tXoIAQAAMAAJ"><i>Endless Enigma: A Musical Biography of Emerson, Lake and Palmer</i></a>. Open Court. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9596-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9596-0"><bdi>978-0-8126-9596-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Endless+Enigma%3A+A+Musical+Biography+of+Emerson%2C+Lake+and+Palmer&rft.pub=Open+Court&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8126-9596-0&rft.aulast=Macan&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtXoIAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Martin_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Martin (philosophy)">Martin, Bill</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=APmUFlgm0R4C&pg=PA251"><i>Listening to the Future: The Time of Progressive Rock</i></a>. Chicago: Open Court. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8126-9368-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8126-9368-X"><bdi>0-8126-9368-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Listening+to+the+Future%3A+The+Time+of+Progressive+Rock&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Open+Court&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8126-9368-X&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAPmUFlgm0R4C%26pg%3DPA251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2004" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Allan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DMWoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22"><i>Jethro Tull's Aqualung</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-1315-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-1315-3"><bdi>978-1-4411-1315-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jethro+Tull%27s+Aqualung&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-1315-3&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDMWoAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2016" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Allan F. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S6DeCwAAQBAJ"><i>Song Means: Analysing and Interpreting Recorded Popular Song</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-05265-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-05265-4"><bdi>978-1-317-05265-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Song+Means%3A+Analysing+and+Interpreting+Recorded+Popular+Song&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-05265-4&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Allan+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS6DeCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolitis1983" class="citation journal cs1">Politis, John (1983). "Rock Music's Place in the Library". <i>Drexel Library Quarterly</i>. <b>19</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drexel+Library+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Rock+Music%27s+Place+in+the+Library&rft.volume=19&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Politis&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotterGann2016" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Keith; Gann, Kyle (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PwDPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA178"><i>The Ashgate Research Companion to Minimalist and Postminimalist Music</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-04255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-04255-6"><bdi>978-1-317-04255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ashgate+Research+Companion+to+Minimalist+and+Postminimalist+Music&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-04255-6&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Gann%2C+Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPwDPCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriore2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Domenic_Priore" title="Domenic Priore">Priore, Domenic</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=81YIAQAAMAAJ"><i>Smile: The Story of Brian Wilson's Lost Masterpiece</i></a>. London: Sanctuary. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1860746276" title="Special:BookSources/1860746276"><bdi>1860746276</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smile%3A+The+Story+of+Brian+Wilson%27s+Lost+Masterpiece&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sanctuary&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1860746276&rft.aulast=Priore&rft.aufirst=Domenic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D81YIAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Reynolds, Simon</a> (2006). "New Pop and its Aftermath". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lauJAgAAQBAJ"><i>On Record: Rock, Pop and the Written Word</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-93951-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-93951-0"><bdi>978-1-134-93951-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+Pop+and+its+Aftermath&rft.btitle=On+Record%3A+Rock%2C+Pop+and+the+Written+Word&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-134-93951-0&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlauJAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Reynolds, Simon</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BWf4J6yn9zAC"><i>Generation Ecstasy: Into the World of Techno and Rave Culture</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-78316-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-78316-6"><bdi>978-1-136-78316-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generation+Ecstasy%3A+Into+the+World+of+Techno+and+Rave+Culture&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-78316-6&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBWf4J6yn9zAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2017" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, Emily (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LAYbDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA223"><i>The Language of Progressive Politics in Modern Britain</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-50664-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-50664-1"><bdi>978-1-137-50664-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Language+of+Progressive+Politics+in+Modern+Britain&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-137-50664-1&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLAYbDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojek2011" class="citation book cs1">Rojek, Chris (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0etNdRiHWBcC&pg=PA19"><i>Pop Music, Pop Culture</i></a>. Polity. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-4263-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-4263-5"><bdi>978-0-7456-4263-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+Music%2C+Pop+Culture&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7456-4263-5&rft.aulast=Rojek&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0etNdRiHWBcC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWall2013" class="citation book cs1">Wall, Tim (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tEeBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA42"><i>Studying Popular Music Culture</i></a>. SAGE Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4462-9101-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4462-9101-6"><bdi>978-1-4462-9101-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studying+Popular+Music+Culture&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4462-9101-6&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtEeBAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Willis" title="Paul Willis">Willis, Paul E.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7oWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA219"><i>Profane Culture</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6514-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6514-7"><bdi>978-1-4008-6514-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Profane+Culture&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-6514-7&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY7oWBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Gendron, Bernard (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2jtQAElFVUcC"><i>Between Montmartre and the Mudd Club: Popular Music and the Avant-Garde</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-28735-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-28735-5"><bdi>978-0-226-28735-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Montmartre+and+the+Mudd+Club%3A+Popular+Music+and+the+Avant-Garde&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-226-28735-5&rft.aulast=Gendron&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2jtQAElFVUcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">Official Charts Company</a> (September 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/progressive-music-you-didnt-know-you-loved__10624/">"Progressive music you didn't know you loved"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">Official Charts Company</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Charts+Company&rft.atitle=Progressive+music+you+didn%27t+know+you+loved&rft.date=2015-09-04&rft.au=Official+Charts+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcharts.com%2Fchart-news%2Fprogressive-music-you-didnt-know-you-loved__10624%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Romano, Will (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UIqkCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT217"><i>Prog Rock FAQ: All That's Left to Know About Rock's Most Progressive Music</i></a>. Backbeat Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-620-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-620-7"><bdi>978-1-61713-620-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prog+Rock+FAQ%3A+All+That%27s+Left+to+Know+About+Rock%27s+Most+Progressive+Music&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61713-620-7&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUIqkCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Smith, Bradley (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HtEwAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Billboard Guide to Progressive Music</i></a>. Billboard Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-7665-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8230-7665-9"><bdi>978-0-8230-7665-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billboard+Guide+to+Progressive+Music&rft.pub=Billboard+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8230-7665-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHtEwAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+music" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Progressive_music" title="Template:Progressive music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Progressive_music" title="Template talk:Progressive music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progressive_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progressive music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Progressive_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Progressive music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style and subgenre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_country" title="Progressive country">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music#Progressive_bluegrass" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Electronic">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Folk</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Jazz">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rap" title="Progressive rap">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_punk" title="Art punk">Art punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Avant-prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">Metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djent" title="Djent">Djent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">Metalcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prog" title="Neo-prog">Neo-prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock#New_prog" title="Progressive rock">New prog</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Progressive_punk">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_soul" title="Progressive soul">Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Progression-based EDM genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat#Progressive_breaks" title="Breakbeat">Breaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_trance" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive trance">Trance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_psytrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive psytrance">Psytrance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related genres/scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_scene" title="Canterbury scene">Canterbury scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental metal">Experimental metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music" title="Intelligent dance music">Intelligent dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_pop" title="New pop">New pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-prog" title="Proto-prog">Proto-prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition">Rock in Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeuhl" title="Zeuhl">Zeuhl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auteur#Popular_music" title="Auteur">Auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_music" title="Eclecticism in music">Eclecticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formalism_(art)" title="Formalism (art)">Formalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Official_Progressive_Albums_Chart" title="Official Progressive Albums Chart">Official Progressive Albums Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prog_(magazine)" title="Prog (magazine)"><i>Prog</i> (magazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">Art music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concept_album" title="Concept album">Concept album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_concept_albums" title="List of concept albums">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_classical_music" title="Contemporary classical music">Contemporary classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">Recording studio as an instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock" title="Timeline of progressive rock">Timeline of progressive rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1960%E2%80%9369)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1960–69)">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1970%E2%80%9379)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1970–79)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1980%E2%80%9389)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1980–89)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1990%E2%80%9399)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1990–99)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(2000%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (2000–09)">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(2010%E2%80%9319)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (2010–19)">2010s</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Progressive_music" title="Category:Progressive music">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_music_genres_and_styles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_genres" title="Template:Music genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_genres" title="Template talk:Music genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_music_genres_and_styles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists of music <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genres and styles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">Music genres and styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_styles_of_music:_A%E2%80%93F" title="List of styles of music: A–F">A–F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_styles_of_music:_G%E2%80%93M" title="List of styles of music: G–M">G–M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_styles_of_music:_N%E2%80%93R" title="List of styles of music: N–R">N–R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_styles_of_music:_S%E2%80%93Z" title="List of styles of music: S–Z">S–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microgenres" title="List of microgenres">Microgenres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_styles_that_incorporate_the_accordion" title="List of music styles that incorporate the accordion">Uses accordion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_classical_and_art_music_traditions" title="List of classical and art music traditions">Classical and art music traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electronic_music_genres" title="List of electronic music genres">Electronic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_music#Related_and_derivative_genres" title="Ambient music">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat#Subgenres" title="Breakbeat">Breakbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music#History" title="Electronic dance music">EDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardstyle#Subgenres" title="Hardstyle">Hardstyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styles_of_house_music" title="Styles of house music">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_industrial_music_genres" title="List of industrial music genres">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno#Developments" title="Techno">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trance_genres" title="List of trance genres">Trance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_genres" title="List of jazz genres">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popular_music_genres" class="mw-redirect" title="List of popular music genres">Popular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_genres" title="List of country genres">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres" title="List of hip hop genres">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_genres" title="Reggae genres">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_genres" title="List of rock genres">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_genres" title="Heavy metal genres">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_subgenres" title="Punk rock subgenres">Punk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hardcore_punk_subgenres" title="List of hardcore punk subgenres">Hardcore punk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historically_informed_performance" title="Historically informed performance">Historically informed performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">Martial</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_and_regional_genres_of_music" title="List of cultural and regional genres of music">Cultural and regional genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_music_genres" title="List of Caribbean music genres">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_music_traditions" title="List of folk music traditions">Folk traditions</a> <ul><li>American <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Central_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Central American folk music traditions">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of North American folk music traditions">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_American_folk_music_traditions" title="List of South American folk music traditions">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Asian folk music traditions">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Caribbean folk music traditions">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_folk_music_traditions" title="List of European folk music traditions">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_and_North_African_music_traditions" title="Middle Eastern and North African music traditions">Middle Eastern and North African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanic_and_Australian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Oceanic and Australian folk music traditions">Oceanic and Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_African_music_traditions" title="Sub-Saharan African music traditions">Sub-Saharan African</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gamelan_varieties" title="List of gamelan varieties">Gamelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&oldid=1240036606#Jazz">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progressive_music&oldid=1240036606#Jazz</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Progressive_music" title="Category:Progressive music">Progressive 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