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<span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fruit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fruit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fruit_stalk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruit_stalk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fruit stalk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruit_stalk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Young_shoot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Young_shoot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Young shoot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Young_shoot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fibres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fibres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Fibres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fibres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leaves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Leaves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Starch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Starch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Starch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Starch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trunk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trunk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Trunk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trunk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Survival_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Survival_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Survival food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Survival_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harvesting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harvesting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Harvesting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harvesting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Arenga pinnata</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B4k" title="Jôk – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jôk" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أرينجة ريشية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرينجة ريشية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaka" title="Jaka – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jaka" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanaw" title="Hanaw – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hanaw" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Захарна палма – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Захарна палма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiok" title="Idiok – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Idiok" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuckerpalme" title="Zuckerpalme – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zuckerpalme" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenga_pinnata" title="Arenga pinnata – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arenga pinnata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukerpalmo" title="Sukerpalmo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sukerpalmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azukre-palmondo" title="Azukre-palmondo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azukre-palmondo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%84_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87" title="نخل سیاه‌رشته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نخل سیاه‌رشته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenga_pinnata" title="Arenga pinnata – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arenga pinnata" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%83%95%EC%95%BC%EC%9E%90" title="사탕야자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사탕야자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wa%27olo" title="Wa'olo – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Wa'olo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enau" title="Enau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Enau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Сæкæры пальмæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сæкæры пальмæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenga_pinnata" title="Arenga pinnata – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arenga pinnata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A8n" title="Arèn – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Arèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಾಡು ತೆಂಗು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಡು ತೆಂಗು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ارينجه ريشيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارينجه ريشيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enau" title="Enau – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Enau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arengpalm" title="Arengpalm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arengpalm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%88%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B7" title="サトウヤシ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サトウヤシ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokerpualem" title="Sokerpualem – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sokerpualem" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenga_pierzasta" title="Arenga pierzasta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arenga pierzasta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Сахарная пальма – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сахарная пальма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawung" title="Kawung – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kawung" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokeripalmu" title="Sokeripalmu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sokeripalmu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sockerpalm" title="Sockerpalm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sockerpalm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaong" title="Kaong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="ตาว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ng" title="Báng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Báng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenga_pinnata" title="Arenga pinnata – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arenga pinnata" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E7%B3%96%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90" title="砂糖椰子 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="砂糖椰子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%84%E6%A6%94" title="桄榔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="桄榔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaung" title="Kaung – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kaung" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q227984#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of palm</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Arenga pinnata</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Aren_pinna_070612_042_stgd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aren_pinna_070612_042_stgd.jpg/220px-Aren_pinna_070612_042_stgd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aren_pinna_070612_042_stgd.jpg/330px-Aren_pinna_070612_042_stgd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aren_pinna_070612_042_stgd.jpg/440px-Aren_pinna_070612_042_stgd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="847" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Arenga" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arenga" title="Arenga"><i>Arenga</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>A. pinnata</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Arenga pinnata</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Wurmb" title="Friedrich von Wurmb">Wurmb</a>) <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Drew_Merrill" title="Elmer Drew Merrill">Merr.</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Arenga pinnata</b></i> (syn. <i>Arenga saccharifera</i>) is an economically important <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">feather palm</a> native to tropical <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, from eastern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> east to <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-uhl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uhl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common names include <b><a href="/wiki/Sugar_palm" title="Sugar palm">sugar palm</a></b>, <b>areng palm</b> (also <b>aren palm</b> or <b>arengga palm</b>), <b>black sugar palm</b>, and <b>kaong palm</b>, among other names.<sup id="cite_ref-pmp_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Florido_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florido-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arenga_pinnata_Blanco2.419.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Arenga_pinnata_Blanco2.419.jpg/220px-Arenga_pinnata_Blanco2.419.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Arenga_pinnata_Blanco2.419.jpg/330px-Arenga_pinnata_Blanco2.419.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Arenga_pinnata_Blanco2.419.jpg/440px-Arenga_pinnata_Blanco2.419.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1369" data-file-height="1972" /></a><figcaption>19th-century illustration from <i><a href="/wiki/Flora_de_Filipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora de Filipinas">Flora de Filipinas</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Manuel_Blanco" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Manuel Blanco">Francisco Manuel Blanco</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is a medium-sized palm, growing to 20 metres (66 feet) tall, with the trunk remaining covered by the rough old <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaf</a> bases. The leaves are 6–12 m (20–39 ft) long and 1.5 m (5 ft) broad, pinnate, with the pinnae in 1–6 rows, 40–70 centimetres (16–28 inches) long and 5 cm (2 in) broad. The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> is subglobose, 7 cm (3 in) diameter, green maturing black.<sup id="cite_ref-riffle_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riffle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>A. pinnata</i> suffers from the red palm weevil, <i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophorus_ferrugineus" title="Rhynchophorus ferrugineus">Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Peng-Hou-2017_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peng-Hou-2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of its major <a href="/wiki/Host_(organism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Host (organism)">hosts</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peng-Hou-2017_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peng-Hou-2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is not a <a href="/wiki/Threatened_species" title="Threatened species">threatened species</a>, though it is locally rare in some parts of its range. It serves as an important part of the diet of several endangered species, including <a href="/wiki/Cloud_rat" title="Cloud rat">cloud rats</a> of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Phloeomys" title="Phloeomys">Phloeomys</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many products of the palm are used, as food, as construction materials, and for other purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sap">Sap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sap"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a> is harvested for commercial use in southeast Asia, yielding a sugar known as <i>gur</i> in India, <i>gula aren</i> in Indonesia, and <span title="Filipino-language text"><i lang="fil">pakaskas</i></span> in the Philippines. The sap is collected and made as <i><a href="/wiki/Lahang" title="Lahang">lahang</a></i>, a traditional cold sweet drink, and is also <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">fermented</a> into <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a> (Filipino <i><a href="/wiki/Sukang_kaong" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukang kaong">sukang kaong</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">palm wine</a> (Filipino <i><a href="/wiki/Tub%C3%A2" title="Tubâ">tubâ</a></i>, Malaysian and Indonesian <i><a href="/wiki/Tuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuak">tuak</a></i>, in eastern Indonesia <i><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/sageru" class="extiw" title="id:sageru">sageru</a></i>), which in turn is distilled into a spirit (<i><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/sopi" class="extiw" title="id:sopi">sopi</a></i> in Maluku, <i><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/cap_tikus" class="extiw" title="id:cap tikus">cap tikus</a></i> in North Sulawesi).<sup id="cite_ref-Florido_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florido-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pv_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pv-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-polistico_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polistico-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Urlanda_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urlanda-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Roberts_(diplomat)" title="Edmund Roberts (diplomat)">Edmund Roberts</a> talks about drinking an <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">alcoholic beverage</a> made in the <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a> area. He described it as a "fermented" and "intoxicating liquor". He said that it was "the pith furnished with sugar – when the liquor was properly boiled down, a <a href="/wiki/Farina_(food)" title="Farina (food)">farina</a>...and of the inside of its triangular-shaped fruit a sweet bread was made."<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sugar (<a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">jaggery</a>) is also commonly derived from the fresh sap in Indonesia and the Philippines. These are traditionally prevented from fermenting by placing crushed chili or ginger in the collecting container. The sap is boiled until it reduces to a thick syrup which is then dried into a brown sugar. Similar sugar extraction methods are also traditionally used for other sugar palms, such as the buri palm (<i><a href="/wiki/Corypha_elata" class="mw-redirect" title="Corypha elata">Corypha elata</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Florido_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florido-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The raw juice and pulp are caustic. This crop may develop into a major resource of biofuel (<a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruit">Fruit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fruit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The immature fruits are widely consumed in the Philippines (called <i>kaong</i>) and Indonesia (called <i>buah kolang-kaling</i> or <i>buah tap</i>) and are made into canned fruits after they are boiled in sugar syrup.<sup id="cite_ref-Florido_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florido-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The seeds can be used in many different recipes, such as sour soup, or eaten with <a href="/wiki/Pandanus" title="Pandanus">pandan</a> juice, syrup, or <a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">coconut milk</a>. These seeds have a chewy and sweet flavor .Young seeds are soft and easy to chew. When the fruits are overripe, they will have a harder texture.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The boiled water obtained from boiling fruits can also be utilized as a <a href="/wiki/Natural_dye" title="Natural dye">natural dye</a> for fabrics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruit_stalk">Fruit stalk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fruit stalk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fruit stalk can be cut it into smaller stick used as <a href="/wiki/Firewood" title="Firewood">firewood</a>. Some people also utilized it as part of furniture.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Young_shoot">Young shoot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Young shoot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Thailand, some people eat the young shoot with <a href="/wiki/Chili_sauce_and_paste" title="Chili sauce and paste">chili sauce</a>, and use them as cooking ingredients in dishes like soup.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fibres">Fibres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fibres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dark fibrous bark (known as <i>duk</i> or <i>doh</i> in <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-seemann_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seemann-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in India<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Which_lang" title="Template:Which lang"><span title="An editor could not identify the correct language for tagging this word or phrase. (September 2020)">what language is this?</span></a></i>]</sup>; <i>iju</i>, <i>ejoo</i>, <i>eju</i> or <i>gomuti</i>—a term that botanists applied as a specific or generic name to the whole plant)—in <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-seemann_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seemann-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">ijuk</i></span> in Indonesia; and <span title="Filipino-language text"><i lang="fil">yumot</i></span> or <span title="Filipino-language text"><i lang="fil">cabo negro</i></span> in the Philippines), is manufactured into cordage, brushes, brooms, thatch roofing, or filters.<sup id="cite_ref-Florido_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florido-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the study on bas-reliefs of Javanese ancient temples such as <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a>, this type of roof is known in ancient Java vernacular architecture. It can be found today in <a href="/wiki/Balinese_temple" title="Balinese temple">Balinese temple</a> roof architecture and <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Highlands" title="Minangkabau Highlands">Minangkabau</a> <a href="/wiki/Rumah_Gadang" title="Rumah Gadang">Rumah Gadang</a> <i>gonjong</i> horn-like curved roof architecture, such as those found in <a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_Palace" title="Pagaruyung Palace">Pagaruyung Palace</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Thailand, fibres were once used to create raincoats for miners called <i>Jang Sui</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: จั่งซุ้ย).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cloth made of this plant has a rough texture, making it unsuitable for most clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaves">Leaves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Leaves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The leaves as well as the leaf midribs can be used to weave baskets and <a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">marquetry</a> work in furniture.<sup id="cite_ref-Florido_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florido-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Starch">Starch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Starch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Indonesia, starch can also be extracted from sugar palms and used in place of rice flour in noodles, cakes, and other dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-Florido_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florido-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trunk">Trunk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Trunk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The timber is used for high grade construction, posts, beams, flooring, interior finish, wharf bridge building and other uses where strength and durability are important.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The trunks are typically used for making tools and furniture. <a href="/wiki/Weevil" title="Weevil">Weevils</a> that live inside the trunk are sometimes collected as food by people harvesting the fruits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Survival_food">Survival food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Survival food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The seeds can be boiled and the stem tips can be eaten as vegetables. The young flower stalks can be bruised to obtain the juice.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Harvesting">Harvesting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Harvesting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various methods are employed to climb and harvest the fruits. In some regions in Thailand, locals make use of a <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> ladder with natural step-like protrusions which in Thai known as <i>Phaong</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: พะอง). Harvesters use a vine to attach this <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> ladder to the trunk, providing them with steps to climb up and reach the fruits. Some areas utilize hemp rope and slingshot. However, this method requires at least 2 people to collect the fruits as one of them must be responsible for climbing trees and harvesting the fruits, while the other stays on the ground to pull the climbing rope. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a> harvesting period, workers collect the <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a> twice a day, once in the morning and again in the evening. From a single tree, they typically obtain around 15-20 liters of fresh <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a> in each harvest. <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">Bamboo</a> tubes or plastic buckets are utilized to collect the dripping <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Philippines, an annual <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irok_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irok Festival (page does not exist)">Irok Festival</a> is celebrated in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Indang" title="Indang">Indang</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a> which is a major producer of kaong fruits, <i><a href="/wiki/Sukang_kaong" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukang kaong">sukang kaong</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Tub%C3%A2" title="Tubâ">tubâ</a></i> in the country. <i>Irok</i> is a local name for <i>Arenga pinnata</i> in the northwestern Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-cavite_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cavite-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoodRecap_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoodRecap-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The world's first ever crossword puzzle, labelled "Word-Cross" in the 21 December 1913 edition of <i>New York World</i> newspaper's Sunday <i>Fun</i> supplement and created by Arthur Wynne, a Liverpool, UK-born journalist, included a clue: <i>The fibre of the gomuti plant</i>. The answer was <i>doh</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Donovan_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donovan-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some areas of southern Thailand, such as Ban Khlong Bor Saen and Bang Toei, <a href="/wiki/Phang_Nga_province" title="Phang Nga province">Phang Nga</a>, cultural beliefs associated with Arenga pinnata are prevalent. The trees are intertwined with the locals' lives and serve as a source of income for the villagers over generations. The locals typically call this plant <i>Chok</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: ชก) or <i>Nao</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: เหนา) .<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it has a nickname "<i>Ton Luk Kha Mae"</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: ต้นลูกฆ่าแม่) which means a child kills its mother, as the Arenga pinnata in those areas can produce fruits only once in its lifetime and it will perish within 4 -5 years.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A belief revolves around the practice of singing and dancing during the sap tapping process. Locals believe that when the tree is surrounded by music, it yields abundantly and the <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a> quality is enhanced. While climbers harvest <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a>, some ground workers actively engage in singing and dancing. </p><p>Moreover, some locals have specific classifications for the female trees dividing them into three types, which are <i>Nao saw</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: เหนาสาว), <i>Nao Mae Mai</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: เหนาแม่ม่าย), and <i>Nao Kae</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: เหนาแก่). The word “Nao” refers to the tree while each subsequent word provides a different meaning that signifies the duration the tree has been tapped for <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a>. </p><p><i>Nao Saw</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: เหนาสาว) refers to the trees that have not been used to collect <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">sap</a> before. The term “<i>Saw</i>” (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: สาว) means young woman. </p><p><i>Nao Mae Mai</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: เหนาแม่หม้าย) refers to the trees that have been used to collect sap, with the process repeated around a year. The term “<i>Mae Mai</i>” (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: แม่หม้าย) means widow. </p><p><i>Nao Kae</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: เหนาแก่) refers to the trees that have been used to collect sap continuously for three years or more including very old ones. The term “<i>Kae</i>” (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: แก่) means old.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fibre_d%27arenga.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bark fiber"><img alt="Bark fiber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fibre_d%27arenga.jpg/147px-Fibre_d%27arenga.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fibre_d%27arenga.jpg/220px-Fibre_d%27arenga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fibre_d%27arenga.jpg/293px-Fibre_d%27arenga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small>Bark fiber</small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bibit_Aren_aksasi_dalam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saplings from North Sumatra"><img alt="Saplings from North Sumatra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bibit_Aren_aksasi_dalam.jpg/150px-Bibit_Aren_aksasi_dalam.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bibit_Aren_aksasi_dalam.jpg/225px-Bibit_Aren_aksasi_dalam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bibit_Aren_aksasi_dalam.jpg/300px-Bibit_Aren_aksasi_dalam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="312" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small>Saplings from <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a></small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aren_pinna_080814_2082_K_srna.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruits harvested from Java"><img alt="Fruits harvested from Java" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Aren_pinna_080814_2082_K_srna.jpg/108px-Aren_pinna_080814_2082_K_srna.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Aren_pinna_080814_2082_K_srna.jpg/161px-Aren_pinna_080814_2082_K_srna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Aren_pinna_080814_2082_K_srna.jpg/215px-Aren_pinna_080814_2082_K_srna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="818" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small>Fruits harvested from <a href="/wiki/Java,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Java, Indonesia">Java</a></small></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmfr%C3%BCchtchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruits preserved in syrup from the Philippines are commonly sold internationally as "kaong""><img alt="Fruits preserved in syrup from the Philippines are commonly sold internationally as "kaong"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Palmfr%C3%BCchtchen.jpg/69px-Palmfr%C3%BCchtchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Palmfr%C3%BCchtchen.jpg/104px-Palmfr%C3%BCchtchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Palmfr%C3%BCchtchen.jpg/138px-Palmfr%C3%BCchtchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><small>Fruits preserved in syrup from the Philippines are commonly sold internationally as "kaong"</small></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-uhl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uhl_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUhlDransfield" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Uhl" class="mw-redirect" title="Natalie Uhl">Uhl, Natalie W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Dransfield" title="John Dransfield">Dransfield, John</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Genera_Palmarum" title="Genera Palmarum">Genera Palmarum</a> – A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore, Jr</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas" title="Lawrence, Kansas">Lawrence, Kansas</a>, USA: <a href="/wiki/Allen_Press" title="Allen Press">Allen Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-935868-30-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-935868-30-2"><bdi>978-0-935868-30-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/15641317">15641317</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genera+Palmarum+%E2%80%93+A+classification+of+palms+based+on+the+work+of+Harold+E.+Moore%2C+Jr.&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas%2C+USA&rft.pub=Allen+Press&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F15641317&rft.isbn=978-0-935868-30-2&rft.aulast=Uhl&rft.aufirst=Natalie+W.&rft.au=Dransfield%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArenga+pinnata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmp-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmp_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuartxchange.com/Kaong.html">"Kaong <i>Arenga pinnata</i> (Wurmb) Merr"</a>. <i>Philippine Medicinal Plants</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://erdb.denr.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/r_v15n2.pdf">"Sugar palm [<i>Arenga pinnata</i> (Wurbm.) Merr.]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Research Information Series on Ecosystems</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 1–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+Information+Series+on+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Sugar+palm+%5BArenga+pinnata+%28Wurbm.%29+Merr.%5D&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-7&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Florido&rft.aufirst=Helen+B.&rft.au=de+Mes%2C+Priscilla+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ferdb.denr.gov.ph%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F05%2Fr_v15n2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArenga+pinnata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-riffle-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-riffle_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiffleCraft2003" class="citation book cs1">Riffle, Robert L.; Craft, Paul (2003). <i>An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms</i>. <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, USA: <a href="/wiki/Timber_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber Press">Timber Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88192-558-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-88192-558-6"><bdi>0-88192-558-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49760622">49760622</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopedia+of+Cultivated+Palms&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon%2C+USA&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49760622&rft.isbn=0-88192-558-6&rft.aulast=Riffle&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft.au=Craft%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArenga+pinnata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peng-Hou-2017-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peng-Hou-2017_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peng-Hou-2017_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPengHou2017" class="citation book cs1">Peng, Lu; Hou, Youming (2017). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thairath.co.th/content/346107">the original</a> on 25 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thairath&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81..%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94+%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5..%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Jivananthaprawat&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thairath.co.th%2Fcontent%2F346107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArenga+pinnata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seemann-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seemann_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seemann_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeemann1856" class="citation book cs1">Seemann, Berthold (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiuo.ark:/13960/t7vm51m8x&seq=91&q1=doh"><i>Popular history of the palms and their allies, containing a familiar account of their structure, geographical and geological distribution, history, ...</i></a> London: L. Reeve. p. 63 – via HathiTrust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+history+of+the+palms+and+their+allies%2C+containing+a+familiar+account+of+their+structure%2C+geographical+and+geological+distribution%2C+history%2C+...&rft.place=London&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=L.+Reeve&rft.date=1856&rft.aulast=Seemann&rft.aufirst=Berthold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duiuo.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft7vm51m8x%26seq%3D91%26q1%3Ddoh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArenga+pinnata" class="Z3988"></span> Book also lists names im several uncommon local languages.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navanurak.in.th/museum03/site/theme/museshowcatall.php">"จั่งซุ้ย : เสื้อกันฝนชาวเหมือง"</a>. <i>Navanurak</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navanurak&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2+%3A+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navanurak.in.th%2Fmuseum03%2Fsite%2Ftheme%2Fmuseshowcatall.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArenga+pinnata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJitwarinJitwarinMekkaeoNirattisai2022" class="citation journal cs1">Jitwarin, T.; Jitwarin, L.; Mekkaeo, B.; Nirattisai, B.; Nantachai, K.; Sriboonjit, P.; Sani, S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cavite.info&rft.atitle=Irok+Festival&rft.aulast=Urlanda&rft.aufirst=Randy+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcavite.info%2Farticle%2Firok-festival.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArenga+pinnata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FoodRecap-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FoodRecap_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223164022/http://www.foodrecap.com/bytes/make-arengga-pinnata-vinegar/">"The Making of <i>Arenga Pinnata</i> Vinegar"</a>. <i>FoodRecap</i>. 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London, UK: <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Books" title="Atlantic Books">Atlantic Books</a> (2018). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78649-453-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78649-453-5"><bdi>978-1-78649-453-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It%27s+All+A+Game+%E2%80%94+A+short+history+of+board+games&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Atlantic+Books+%282018%29&rft.date=2018-11&rft.isbn=978-1-78649-453-5&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArenga+pinnata" class="Z3988"></span> p154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMekkaeoJitwarin2023" class="citation journal cs1">Mekkaeo, B.; Jitwarin, T. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jmpr/article/view/263316">"Ton Nao Lullaby: The Community Way and Belief of Ban Khlong Bor Saen Villagers"</a>. <i>Journal of MCU Philosophy Review</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 81–86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+MCU+Philosophy+Review&rft.atitle=Ton+Nao+Lullaby%3A+The+Community+Way+and+Belief+of+Ban+Khlong+Bor+Saen+Villagers&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81-86&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Mekkaeo&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Jitwarin%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fso06.tci-thaijo.org%2Findex.php%2Fjmpr%2Farticle%2Fview%2F263316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArenga+pinnata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKOEY2019" class="citation web cs1">KOEY (7 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603083324/https://www.nairobroo.com/eats/look-choke/">"ท้าให้ลอง "ลูกชก" ของดีเมืองพังงา"</a>. <i>Nairobroo</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nairobroo.com/eats/look-choke/">the original</a> on 3 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nairobroo&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+%22%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%22+%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2&rft.date=2019-07-07&rft.au=KOEY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nairobroo.com%2Feats%2Flook-choke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArenga+pinnata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arenga_pinnata&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Arenga pinnata</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227984" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q227984">Q227984</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arenga_pinnata" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Arenga pinnata">Arenga pinnata</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APSA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://apsa.anu.edu.au/sample/13-48-1">13-48-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=411855">411855</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GFGR">GFGR</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=3348">3348</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1136057">1136057</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/AGBPI">AGBPI</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027008">200027008</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027008">200027008</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2733997">2733997</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=3951">3951</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/348791">348791</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/664261-1">664261-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10207716">10207716</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=506704">506704</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=145669">145669</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=354550">354550</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PalDat: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paldat.org/pub/Arenga_pinnata">Arenga_pinnata</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">PfaF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Arenga+pinnata">Arenga pinnata</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-14681">kew-14681</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ARPI6">ARPI6</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A664261-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:664261-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/2401365">2401365</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000263731">wfo-0000263731</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Saguerus pinnatus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87611340" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q87611340">Q87611340</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4TZBB">4TZBB</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2734008">2734008</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=32654">32654</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/669778-1">669778-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A669779-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:669779-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/2401379">2401379</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000300039">wfo-0000300039</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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