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<li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people_from_the_province" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people_from_the_province"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable people from the province</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people_from_the_province-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuristan Province</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ولاية نورستان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ولاية نورستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan" title="Nuristan – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nuristan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan_vilay%C9%99ti" title="Nuristan vilayəti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nuristan vilayəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="نورستان ویلایت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نورستان ویلایت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="নুরিস্তান প্রদেশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নুরিস্তান প্রদেশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan_S%C3%A9ng" title="Nuristan Séng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nuristan Séng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Нурыстан (правінцыя) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нурыстан (правінцыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Нурыстан (правінцыя) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нурыстан (правінцыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нуристан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нуристан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan" title="Nuristan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nuristan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vel%C4%81yat-e_N%C5%ABrest%C4%81n" title="Velāyat-e Nūrestān – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Velāyat-e Nūrestān" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BArist%C3%A1n" title="Núristán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Núristán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan_(provins)" title="Nuristan (provins) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nuristan (provins)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan" title="Nuristan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nuristan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C5%ABrist%C4%81ni_provints" title="Nūristāni provints – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nūristāni provints" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD_(%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE)" title="Νουρεστάν (περιοχή) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νουρεστάν (περιοχή)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_de_Nurist%C3%A1n" title="Provincia de Nuristán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincia de Nuristán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinco_Nuristano" title="Provinco Nuristano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Provinco Nuristano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan_probintzia" title="Nuristan probintzia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nuristan probintzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ولایت نورستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولایت نورستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouristan" title="Nouristan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouristan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%88%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EC%A3%BC" title="누리스탄주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="누리스탄주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="नूरिस्तान प्रान्त – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नूरिस्तान प्रान्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi_Nuristan" title="Provinsi Nuristan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Provinsi Nuristan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нуристан – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нуристан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAristan" title="Núristan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Núristan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurestan" title="Nurestan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nurestan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%9F" title="נורסתאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נורסתאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan" title="Nuristan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nuristan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ნურისტანის პროვინცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნურისტანის პროვინცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C5%ABrest%C4%81na" title="Nūrestāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nūrestāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristano_provincija" title="Nuristano provincija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nuristano provincija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuriszt%C3%A1n" title="Nurisztán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nurisztán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="നൂറിസ്ഥാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നൂറിസ്ഥാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نورستان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نورستان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurestan" title="Nurestan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nurestan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Нуристан аймаг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нуристан аймаг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nooristan" title="Nooristan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nooristan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4,_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="नूरस्तान प्रान्त, अफगानिस्तान – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नूरस्तान प्रान्त, अफगानिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="ヌーリスターン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヌーリスターン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurist%C4%81n_(provins)" title="Nuristān (provins) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nuristān (provins)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuriston_viloyati" title="Nuriston viloyati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nuriston viloyati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਨੂਰਿਸਤਾਨ ਸੂਬਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੂਰਿਸਤਾਨ ਸੂਬਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صوبہ نورستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صوبہ نورستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="نورستان ولايت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نورستان ولايت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurestan" title="Nurestan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nurestan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurist%C3%A3o" title="Nuristão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nuristão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan" title="Nuristan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nuristan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_Nuristan" title="Provincia Nuristan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Provincia Nuristan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нуристан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нуристан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نورستان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="نورستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan_Province" title="Nuristan Province – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nuristan Province" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristani" title="Nuristani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nuristani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan_Province" title="Nuristan Province – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nuristan Province" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88" title="نورستان صوبو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نورستان صوبو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پارێزگای نوورستان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پارێزگای نوورستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нуристан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нуристан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan" title="Nuristan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nuristan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propinsi_Nuristan" title="Propinsi Nuristan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Propinsi Nuristan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurestanin_maakunta" title="Nurestanin maakunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nurestanin maakunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurestan_(provins)" title="Nurestan (provins) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nurestan (provins)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalawigan_ng_Nurestan" title="Lalawigan ng Nurestan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lalawigan ng Nurestan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நூரிஸ்தான் மாகாணம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நூரிஸ்தான் மாகாணம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вилояти Нуристон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вилояти Нуристон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan" title="Nuristan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nuristan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Нуристан (провінція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нуристан (провінція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صوبہ نورستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صوبہ نورستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="نۇرىستان ۋىلايىتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نۇرىستان ۋىلايىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuristan_(t%E1%BB%89nh)" title="Nuristan (tỉnh) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nuristan (tỉnh)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurestan_(lalawigan)" title="Nurestan (lalawigan) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nurestan (lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%9C%81" title="努里斯坦省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="努里斯坦省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%9C%81" title="努利斯坦省 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="努利斯坦省" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur%C4%B1stan" title="Nurıstan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nurıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%9C%81" title="努里斯坦省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="努里斯坦省" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q167485#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nuristan_Province&params=35.25_N_70.75_E_region:AF-NUR_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°15′N</span> <span class="longitude">70°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.25°N 70.75°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.25; 70.75</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province of Afghanistan</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in Afghanistan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Nuristan</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ps"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نورستان</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Afghanistan" title="Provinces of Afghanistan">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:212px;max-width:212px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div style="height:71px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nooristan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Nooristan.jpg/96px-Nooristan.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Nooristan.jpg/144px-Nooristan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Nooristan.jpg/192px-Nooristan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div style="height:71px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stream_in_Nuristan_province.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Stream_in_Nuristan_province.jpg/108px-Stream_in_Nuristan_province.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Stream_in_Nuristan_province.jpg/162px-Stream_in_Nuristan_province.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Stream_in_Nuristan_province.jpg/216px-Stream_in_Nuristan_province.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:210px;max-width:210px"><div style="height:138px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hameshdesh_in_winter_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hameshdesh_in_winter_-_panoramio.jpg/208px-Hameshdesh_in_winter_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hameshdesh_in_winter_-_panoramio.jpg/312px-Hameshdesh_in_winter_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hameshdesh_in_winter_-_panoramio.jpg/416px-Hameshdesh_in_winter_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div style="height:72px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamdesh,_Afghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kamdesh%2C_Afghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg/96px-Kamdesh%2C_Afghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kamdesh%2C_Afghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg/144px-Kamdesh%2C_Afghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kamdesh%2C_Afghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg/192px-Kamdesh%2C_Afghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div style="height:72px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaw_Da_Chitraas,Wama,Nuristan,Afghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Jaw_Da_Chitraas%2CWama%2CNuristan%2CAfghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg/108px-Jaw_Da_Chitraas%2CWama%2CNuristan%2CAfghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Jaw_Da_Chitraas%2CWama%2CNuristan%2CAfghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg/162px-Jaw_Da_Chitraas%2CWama%2CNuristan%2CAfghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Jaw_Da_Chitraas%2CWama%2CNuristan%2CAfghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg/216px-Jaw_Da_Chitraas%2CWama%2CNuristan%2CAfghanistan_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:210px;max-width:210px"><div style="height:156px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cattle_ranch_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cattle_ranch_-_panoramio.jpg/208px-Cattle_ranch_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cattle_ranch_-_panoramio.jpg/312px-Cattle_ranch_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cattle_ranch_-_panoramio.jpg/416px-Cattle_ranch_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Nuristan Province</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Afghanistan with Nuristan highlighted"><img alt="Map of Afghanistan with Nuristan highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg/250px-Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg/375px-Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg/500px-Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of Afghanistan with Nuristan highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nuristan_Province&params=35.25_N_70.75_E_region:AF-NUR_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°15′N</span> <span class="longitude">70°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.25°N 70.75°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.25; 70.75</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Provincial center</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parun" title="Parun">Parun</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Nuristan" title="List of governors of Nuristan">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hafiz Muhammad Aagha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Deputy Governor</th><td class="infobox-data">Sheikh Ismatullah<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,225.0 km<sup>2</sup> (3,561.8 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-nsia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">166,676</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">18/km<sup>2</sup> (47/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B4:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+4:30">UTC+4:30</a> (Afghanistan Time)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal Code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">29XX</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">AF-NUR</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan" title="Languages of Afghanistan">Main languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani languages</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nuristan</b>, also spelled as <b>Nurestan</b> or <b>Nooristan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>: <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">نورستان</span>; <a href="/wiki/Kamkata-vari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamkata-vari language">Kamkata-vari</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Kati-language text"><i lang="bsh">Nuriston</i></span>), is one of the 34 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Afghanistan" title="Provinces of Afghanistan">provinces of Afghanistan</a>, located in the eastern part of the country. It is divided into seven <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Afghanistan" title="Districts of Afghanistan">districts</a> and is Afghanistan's least populous province, with a population of around 167,000.<sup id="cite_ref-nsia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Parun" title="Parun">Parun</a> serves as the provincial capital. Nuristan is bordered on the south by <a href="/wiki/Laghman_Province" title="Laghman Province">Laghman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kunar_Province" title="Kunar Province">Kunar</a> provinces, on the north by <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_Province" title="Badakhshan Province">Badakhshan province</a>, on the west by <a href="/wiki/Panjshir_Province" title="Panjshir Province">Panjshir province</a>, and on the east by <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. </p><p>The origin of the local <a href="/wiki/Nuristanis" title="Nuristanis">Nuristani people</a> has been disputed, ranging from being the indigenous inhabitants forced to flee to this region after refusing to surrender to invaders, to being linked to various ancient groups of people and the <a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Turk Shahi">Turk Shahi</a> kings.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludwig_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludwig-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Nuristanis claim being descendants of the Greek occupying forces of Alexander the Great. It was formerly called <a href="/wiki/Kafiristan" title="Kafiristan">Kafiristan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a>: <span lang="ps" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">كافرستان</span></span>) ("Land of the Infidels") until the inhabitants were <a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion#Islam" title="Forced conversion">forcibly converted</a> from an <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animist</a> religion<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnsary2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsary2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nuristan.info_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nuristan.info-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with elements from Indo-Iranian (<a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a>- or Hindu-like) religion infused with local variations,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinahan2014205_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinahan2014205-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarringtonKendrickSchlagintweit2006111_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarringtonKendrickSchlagintweit2006111-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pre_Islamic_religion_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pre_Islamic_religion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in 1895, and thence the region has become known as Nuristan ("land of illumination", or "land of light").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlimberg2004_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlimberg2004-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region was located in an area surrounded by Buddhist and Hindu civilizations which were later taken over by Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-academia_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary occupations are agriculture, animal husbandry, and <a href="/wiki/Day_labor" title="Day labor">day labor</a>. Located on the southern slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> mountains in the northeastern part of the country, Nuristan spans the basins of the <a href="/wiki/Alingar_River" title="Alingar River">Alingar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pech_River" title="Pech River">Pech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landai_Sin_River" title="Landai Sin River">Landai Sin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kunar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunar River">Kunar</a> rivers. Most of Nuristan is covered by mountainous <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a> and it has a rich biodiversity with a domestically unique <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> climate by air coming from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, the entirety of Nuristan is now a protected <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Afghanistan" title="Category:History of Afghanistan">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan" title="History of Afghanistan">History of <span class="fn org label">Afghanistan</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg/200px-Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg/300px-Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg/400px-Shuja_Shah_Durrani_of_Afghanistan_in_1839.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="712" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Afghan_history" title="Timeline of Afghan history">Timeline</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Afghanistan" title="Ancient history of Afghanistan">Ancient</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2200–1800 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">Oxus civilization</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2100–1800 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gandhara_kingdom" title="Gandhara kingdom">Gandhara kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1500–535 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Median Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 728–550 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 550–330 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 330–312 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 312–150 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 305–180 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Bactrian kingdom">Greco-Bactrian kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 256–125 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 247 BC–224 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Greek kingdom">Indo-Greek kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 180–90 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythian kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 155–80? BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 135 BC – 248 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_kingdom" title="Indo-Parthian kingdom">Indo-Parthian kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 20 BC – 50? AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 230–651</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kidarites" title="Kidarites">Kidarite kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 320–465</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rob" title="Kingdom of Rob">Rob</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Alchon_Huns" title="Alchon Huns">Alchon Huns</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 380–560</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hephthalite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hephthalite Empire">Hephthalite Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 410–557</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nezak_Huns" title="Nezak Huns">Nezak Huns</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 484–711</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Medieval</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Kabul Shahi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 565–879</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Chaghaniyan" title="Principality of Chaghaniyan">Principality of Chaghaniyan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 7th–8th centuries</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 652–661</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang China</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 660–669</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 660–842</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 661–750</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Zunbils" title="Zunbils">Zunbils</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 680–870</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Lawik_dynasty" title="Lawik dynasty">Lawik</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">750-977</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 750–821</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 821–873</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 863–900</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 875–999</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 963–1187</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> before 879–1215</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1037–1194</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarezmids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1215–1231</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire">Mongol Invasion</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1219–1226</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1226–1245</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qarlughids" title="Qarlughids">Qarlughids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1224–1266</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1256–1335</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kart_dynasty" title="Kart dynasty">Kartids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1245–1381</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1370–1507</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Arghun_dynasty" title="Arghun dynasty">Arghuns</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1520–1591</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1501–1738</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1510–1709</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kunduz_Khanate" title="Kunduz Khanate">Kunduz Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> ?–1859</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hotak_dynasty" title="Hotak dynasty">Hotak dynasty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1709–1738</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sadozai_Sultanate_of_Herat" title="Sadozai Sultanate of Herat">Sadozai Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1716–1732</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid Iran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1738–1747</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1823</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Maimana_Khanate" title="Maimana Khanate">Maimana Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1892</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Herat_(1793%E2%80%931863)" title="Herat (1793–1863)">Herat</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1793–1863</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Qandahar" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Qandahar">Principality of Qandahar</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1818–1855</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1823–1926</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Emirate of Afghanistan (1929)">Saqqawist Emirate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1929</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1926–1973</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">Daoud coup</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1973</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Afghanistan_(1973%E2%80%931978)" title="Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)">Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1973–1978</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1978</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Democratic Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1978–1992</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1990_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Afghan coup d'état attempt">Tanai coup attempt</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1990</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic State of Afghanistan">Islamic State</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1992–1996</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1996–2001</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">US invasion</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2001</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic State of Afghanistan">Islamic State</a> (reinstated)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2001</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Interim_Administration" title="Afghan Interim Administration">Interim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Transitional_Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan">Transitional Administration</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2001–2004</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Politics of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">politics</a>)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2004–2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Islamic Emirate</a> (reinstated)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <span style="font-size:85%;">since</span> 2021</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related historical regions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arachosia" title="Arachosia">Arachosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_(region)" title="Aria (region)">Aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariana" title="Ariana">Ariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabulistan" title="Kabulistan">Kabulistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafiristan" title="Kafiristan">Kafiristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushanshahr" title="Kushanshahr">Kushanshahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paropamisadae" title="Paropamisadae">Paropamisadae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan" title="Sistan">Sistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabulistan" title="Zabulistan">Zabulistan</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Political history of Afghanistan">Political history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence_in_Afghanistan" title="Political violence in Afghanistan">Political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Afghanistan" title="Culture of Afghanistan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of Afghanistan">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Afghanistan" title="Name of Afghanistan">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_(ethnonym)" title="Afghan (ethnonym)">Afghan (ethnonym)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Afghanistan" title="List of years in Afghanistan">List of years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Afghanistan" title="List of heads of state of Afghanistan">List of heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars in Afghanistan">Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Afghanistan" title="List of wars involving Afghanistan">List of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Hinduism in Afghanistan">Hinduism history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_and_Buddhist_heritage_of_Afghanistan" title="Hindu and Buddhist heritage of Afghanistan">Hindu and Buddhist heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Afghanistan" title="History of the Jews in Afghanistan">Jewish history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquests_of_Afghanistan" title="Muslim conquests of Afghanistan">Muslim conquests</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Afghanistan" title="Category:History of Afghanistan">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Afghanistan" title="Template:History of Afghanistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Afghanistan" title="Template talk:History of Afghanistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Afghanistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Afghanistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan" title="History of Afghanistan">History of Afghanistan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The surrounding area fell to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> in 330 BC. It later fell to <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryas</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> to the region, and were attempting to expand their empire to Central Asia until they faced local Greco-Bactrian forces. <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus</a> is said to have reached a <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a> with Chandragupta by giving control of the territory south of the Hindu Kush to the Mauryas upon intermarriage and 500 elephants.<sup id="cite_ref-ask_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ask-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before their conversion to Islam, the Nuristanis practiced an <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animist</a> religion<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnsary2014_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsary2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nuristan.info_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nuristan.info-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with elements from <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Iranian religion">Indo-Iranian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a>- or Hindu-like) religion infused with locally developed accretions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinahan2014205_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinahan2014205-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarringtonKendrickSchlagintweit2006111_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarringtonKendrickSchlagintweit2006111-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nuristan.info_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nuristan.info-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pre_Islamic_religion_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pre_Islamic_religion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were called "<a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">kafirs</a>" due to their enduring paganism while other regions around them became Muslim, after fear of consequences. However, the influence from district names in Kafiristan of Katwar or Kator and the ethnic name <a href="/wiki/Kata_people" title="Kata people">Kati</a> has also been suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area extending from modern Nuristan to <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> was known as "Puritan", a vast area containing a host of "Kafir" cultures and Indo-European languages that became Islamized over a long period. Earlier, it was surrounded by Buddhist areas. The Islamization of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshan</a> began in the 8th century and Peristan was surrounded by Muslim states in the 16th century with the Islamization of <a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a>. The Buddhist states temporarily brought literacy and state rule into the region. The decline of Buddhism resulted in it becoming heavily isolated.<sup id="cite_ref-academia_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been varying theories about the origins of Kafirs including the Arab tribe of <a href="/wiki/Quraish" class="mw-redirect" title="Quraish">Quraish</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Gabr" title="Gabr">Gabars</a> of Persia, the Greek soldiers of Alexander as well as the Indians of eastern Afghanistan. <a href="/wiki/George_Scott_Robertson" title="George Scott Robertson">George Scott Robertson</a> considered them to be part of the old Indian population of Eastern Afghanistan and stated they fled to the mountains after the Muslim invasion in the 10th century. He added they probably found other races there whom they killed off and enslaved or amalgamated with them.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludwig_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludwig-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oral traditions of some of the Nuristanis place themselves to be at the confluence of <a href="/wiki/Kabul_River" title="Kabul River">Kabul River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kunar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunar River">Kunar River</a> a millennium ago. These traditions state they were driven off from <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> to Kabul to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Kapisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Kapisa">Kapisa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kama_District" title="Kama District">Kama</a> with the Muslim invasion. They identify themselves as late arrivals in Nuristan, being driven by <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni" title="Mahmud of Ghazni">Mahmud of Ghazni</a> who after establishing his empire forced the unsubmissive population to flee.<sup id="cite_ref-nuristan.info_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nuristan.info-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name Kator was used by Lagaturman, last king of the Turk Shahi. Apparently due to its usage by the last Turk-Shahi ruler, it was adopted as a title by the ruler of the north-west region of the Indian subcontinent, comprising Chitral and Kafiristan. The title "Shah Kator" was assumed by <a href="/wiki/Chitral_(princely_state)" title="Chitral (princely state)">Chitral</a>'s ruler Mohtaram Shah who assumed it upon being impressed by the majesty of the erstwhile pagan rulers of Chitral.<sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theory of Kators being related to Turki Shahis is based on the information of <i><a href="/wiki/Jami%27_al-tawarikh" title="Jami' al-tawarikh">Jami- ut-Tawarikh</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tarikh-i_guzida" title="Tarikh-i guzida">Tarikh-i-Binakiti</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region was also named after its ruling elite. The royal usage may be the origin behind the name of Kator.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The high god of the pre-Islamic Nuristani religion was the god <i><a href="/wiki/Imra" title="Imra">Imra</a></i>, derived from the Hindu god <a href="/wiki/Yama_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yama (Hinduism)">Yama</a>, and was also called <i><a href="/wiki/Mara_(demon)" title="Mara (demon)">Mara</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another god was Indr, derived from <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>. He was seen as the brother of the god Gisht and father of Pano and the goddess Dishani.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also many other minor gods worshiped in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region was invaded by forces of Afghan Amir <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a> in 1896 and most of the people were converted either by force or did so to avoid the <i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">jizya</a></i>:<sup id="cite_ref-Nile_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nile-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region was renamed Nuristan, meaning <i>Land of the enlightened</i>, a reflection of the "enlightening" of the <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> Nuristani by the "light-giving" of Islam. </p><p>Nuristan was once thought to have been a region through which Alexander the Great passed with a detachment of his army; thus the <a href="/wiki/Folk_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk legend">folk legend</a> that the Nuristani people are descendants of Alexander (or "his generals"). </p><p>In the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a> incorporated Nuristan into its territory via military conquest; this occurred around the same time as the beginning of <a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">European influence in Afghanistan</a>. During this period, one of the most well known Afghan generals from this period, Abdul Wakil Khan, was born in Nuristan. He fought against the insurgent forces of <a href="/wiki/Habibull%C4%81h_Kalak%C4%81ni" title="Habibullāh Kalakāni">Habibullāh Kalakāni</a> and was buried on the same plateau where Afghan king <a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" title="Amanullah Khan">Amanullah Khan</a> is buried.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan (2001–present)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Village_of_Aranas,_Nuristan_province.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Village_of_Aranas%2C_Nuristan_province.jpg/220px-Village_of_Aranas%2C_Nuristan_province.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Village_of_Aranas%2C_Nuristan_province.jpg/330px-Village_of_Aranas%2C_Nuristan_province.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Village_of_Aranas%2C_Nuristan_province.jpg/440px-Village_of_Aranas%2C_Nuristan_province.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1461" data-file-height="1251" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. soldier moving along a path overlooking the mountainside village of Aranas while on patrol in 2006</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wadawuvalley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wadawuvalley.jpg/220px-Wadawuvalley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wadawuvalley.jpg/330px-Wadawuvalley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wadawuvalley.jpg/440px-Wadawuvalley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1895" data-file-height="1263" /></a><figcaption>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan National Army">Afghan National Army</a> (ANA) during a U.S.-led patrol in Wadawu valley during Operation Silver Creek in August 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the creation of Pakistan in 1947, Afghan politicians (particularly <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Daoud_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Daoud Khan">Mohammed Daoud Khan</a>) have been focused on re-annexing <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">Federally Administered Tribal Areas</a> of what is now Pakistan. This has led to militancy on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowersox_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowersox-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nuristan was the scene of some of the heaviest <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> fighting during the 1980s <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a>. The province was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Mawlawi_Afzal" title="Mawlawi Afzal">Mawlawi Afzal</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan">Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan</a>, which was supported by Pakistan nationalists and <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>. It dissolved under the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> (Taliban rule) in the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nuristan is one of the poorest and most remote provinces of Afghanistan. Few <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGO</a>'s operate in Nuristan because of the <a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a> and the lack of safe roads. Some road construction projects were launched linking Nangarej to <a href="/wiki/Mandol_District" title="Mandol District">Mandol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chapa_Dara_District" title="Chapa Dara District">Chapa Dara</a> to Titan Dara.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Afghan government also worked on a direct road route to <a href="/wiki/Laghman_Province" title="Laghman Province">Laghman province</a>, in order to reduce dependence on the road through restive <a href="/wiki/Kunar_Province" title="Kunar Province">Kunar province</a> to the rest of Afghanistan. Other road projects were started aimed at improving the primitive road from <a href="/wiki/Kamdesh,_Nuristan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamdesh, Nuristan">Kamdesh</a> to <a href="/wiki/Barg-i_Matal_District" title="Barg-i Matal District">Barg-i Matal</a>, and from <a href="/wiki/Nangalam" title="Nangalam">Nangalam</a> in Kunar province to the provincial center at Parun. </p><p>Since Nuristan is a highly ethnically homogeneous province, there are few incidents of inter-ethnic violence. However, there are instances of disputes among inhabitants, some of which continue for decades. Nuristan has suffered from its inaccessibility and lack of infrastructure. The government presence is under-developed, even compared to neighboring provinces. Nuristan's formal educational sector is weak, with few professional teachers. Due to its proximity to Pakistan, many of the inhabitants are actively involved in trade and commerce across the border. </p><p>A map from the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Afghanistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of the Interior (Afghanistan)">Afghan Ministry of the Interior</a> produced in 2009 showed the western region of Nuristan to be under "enemy control". There have been numerous conflicts between militants and U.S.-led Afghan security forces. In April 2008 members of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="3rd Special Forces Group (United States)">3rd Special Forces Group</a> led Afghan soldiers from the <a href="/wiki/Commandos_(Afghanistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commandos (Afghanistan)">Commando Brigade</a> into the Shok valley in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shok_Valley" title="Battle of Shok Valley">an unsuccessful attempt</a> to capture warlord <a href="/wiki/Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar" title="Gulbuddin Hekmatyar">Gulbuddin Hekmatyar</a>. In July 2008, approximately 200 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wanat" title="Battle of Wanat">Taliban guerrillas attacked a NATO position</a> just south of Nuristan, near the village of Wanat in the <a href="/wiki/Waygal_District" title="Waygal District">Waygal District</a>, killing 9 U.S. soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-jazeera14_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jazeera14-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following year, in early October, more than 350 insurgents backed by members of the <a href="/wiki/Hezb-e_Islami_Gulbuddin" title="Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin">Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin</a> and other militia groups fought U.S.-led Afghan security forces in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kamdesh" title="Battle of Kamdesh">Battle of Kamdesh</a> at Camp Keating in Nuristan. The base was nearly overrun; more than 100 Taliban fighters, eight U.S. soldiers, and seven members of the Afghan security forces were killed during the fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-washpostkamdesh_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpostkamdesh-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc-nuristan-battle-4oct2009_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-nuristan-battle-4oct2009-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four days after the battle, in early October 2009, U.S. forces withdrew from their four main bases in Nuristan, as part of a plan by General <a href="/wiki/Stanley_McChrystal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanley McChrystal">Stanley McChrystal</a> to pull troops out of small outposts and relocate them closer to major towns.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. has pulled out from some areas in the past, but never from all four main bases.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A month after the U.S. pullout the Taliban was governing openly in Nuristan.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, Nuristan is "a place so tough that NATO abandoned it in 2010 after failing to subdue it."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> gained control of the province during the <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">2021 Taliban offensive</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Afghanistan" title="Health in Afghanistan">Health in Afghanistan</a></div> <p>The percentage of households with clean drinking water increased from 2% in 2005 to 12% in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-cimicweb.org_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cimicweb.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The percentage of births attended by a skilled birth attendant increased from 1% in 2005 to 22% in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-cimicweb.org_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cimicweb.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Afghanistan" title="Education in Afghanistan">Education in Afghanistan</a></div> <p>In 2002 the first gender assessment of women's conditions in Nuristan was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 17.7% in 2005 to 17% in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-cimicweb.org_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cimicweb.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 8.7% in 2005 to 45% in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-cimicweb.org_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cimicweb.org-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Afghanistan" title="Demographics of Afghanistan">Demographics of Afghanistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg/220px-US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg/330px-US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg/440px-US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2319" data-file-height="2123" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistics" title="Ethnolinguistics">Ethnolinguistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">groups in Afghanistan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2021, the total population of the province is about 166,676.<sup id="cite_ref-nsia_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate School</a>, 87% are <a href="/wiki/Nuristani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuristani people">Nuristanis</a>, 10% Pashtuns and less than 3% <a href="/wiki/Gujars" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujars">Gujars</a> and ethnic <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nps_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Approximately 90% of the population speak the following five <a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani languages</a>, as well as one <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan language</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-mrrd_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mrrd-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Askunu_language" title="Askunu language">Askunu language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamkata-viri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamkata-viri language">Kamkata-viri language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasi-vari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasi-vari language">Vasi-vari language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tregami_language" title="Tregami language">Tregami language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalasha-ala_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalasha-ala language">Kalasha-ala language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashayi_languages" title="Pashayi languages">Pashayi languages</a> are used by about 15% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-mrrd_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mrrd-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The main Nuristani tribes in the province are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kata_people" title="Kata people">Kata</a> or Katta (38%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waigali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Waigali language">Waigali</a> or Kalasha (30%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askunu_language" title="Askunu language">Ashkun</a> or Wamai (12%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_people_(Afghanistan)" title="Kom people (Afghanistan)">Kam</a> or Kom (10%)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satra_Nuristani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satra Nuristani (page does not exist)">Satra</a> (5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasi-wari" title="Wasi-wari">Wasi</a> or Parsoon (4%)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Dari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari language">Dari</a>/Pashto are used as second and third languages in the province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nurestan_districts_2014.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nurestan_districts_2014.png/220px-Nurestan_districts_2014.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nurestan_districts_2014.png/330px-Nurestan_districts_2014.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nurestan_districts_2014.png/440px-Nurestan_districts_2014.png 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>Districts of Nuristan</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;"> <caption>Districts of Nuristan Province </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th>Center </th> <th>Population<sup id="cite_ref-nsia_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Area<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop.<br />density </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barg-i_Matal_District" title="Barg-i Matal District">Barg-i Matal</a></td> <td></td> <td>17,537</td> <td>1,731</td> <td>10</td> <td>100% Nuristani.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Du_Ab_District" title="Du Ab District">Du Ab</a></td> <td></td> <td>8,902</td> <td>652</td> <td>14</td> <td>99% Nuristani, 1% Gujar.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established in 2004, formerly part of <a href="/wiki/Nuristan_District" title="Nuristan District">Nuristan District</a> and Mandol District </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamdesh_District" title="Kamdesh District">Kamdesh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamdesh" title="Kamdesh">Kamdesh</a></td> <td>28,564</td> <td>1,452</td> <td>20</td> <td>100% Nuristani.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandol_District" title="Mandol District">Mandol</a></td> <td></td> <td>22,320</td> <td>1,996</td> <td>11</td> <td>99% Nuristani, 1% Gujar and Tajik.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lost territory to Du Ab District in 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nurgram_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurgram District">Nurgram</a></td> <td></td> <td>36,536</td> <td>943</td> <td>39</td> <td>100% Nuristani.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established in 2004, formerly part of <a href="/wiki/Nuristan_District" title="Nuristan District">Nuristan District</a> and Wama District </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parun_District" title="Parun District">Parun</a></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Parun" title="Parun">Parun</a></b></td> <td>15,279</td> <td>1,509</td> <td>10</td> <td>100% Nuristani.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established in 2004, formerly part of Wama District </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wama_District" title="Wama District">Wama</a></td> <td></td> <td>12,489</td> <td>389</td> <td>32</td> <td>100% Nuristani.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lost territory to Parun District and Nurgram District in 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waygal_District" title="Waygal District">Waygal</a></td> <td></td> <td>22,187</td> <td>907</td> <td>24</td> <td>100% Nuristani.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#d3d3d3"> <td><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nuristan</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>163,814</b> </td> <td><b>9,267</b> </td> <td><b>18</b> </td> <td>99.9% <a href="/wiki/Nuristanis" title="Nuristanis">Nuristani</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gujars</a>, <0.1% <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note: "Predominantely" or "dominated" is interpreted as 99%, "majority" as 70%, "mixed" as 1/(number of ethnicities), "minority" as 30% and "few" or "some" as 1%.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Afghanistan_by_Kamran_Shukoor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Northern_Afghanistan_by_Kamran_Shukoor.jpg/220px-Northern_Afghanistan_by_Kamran_Shukoor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Northern_Afghanistan_by_Kamran_Shukoor.jpg/330px-Northern_Afghanistan_by_Kamran_Shukoor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Northern_Afghanistan_by_Kamran_Shukoor.jpg/440px-Northern_Afghanistan_by_Kamran_Shukoor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Northern Afghanistan by Kamran Shukoor</figcaption></figure>Nuristan is the subject of the book <i><a href="/wiki/A_Short_Walk_in_the_Hindu_Kush" title="A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush">A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush</a></i> by the British travel writer <a href="/wiki/Eric_Newby" title="Eric Newby">Eric Newby</a>.</li> <li>Nuristan was the location of three of the missions in <i><a href="/wiki/Hitman_(franchise)" title="Hitman (franchise)">Hitman</a> 2: Silent Assassin</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>'s short story <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Would_Be_King" title="The Man Who Would Be King">The Man Who Would Be King</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Would_Be_King_(film)" title="The Man Who Would Be King (film)">film</a> inspired by it are set in "Kafiristan" (the earlier name of pre-Islamic Nuristan).</li> <li>Nuristan is the setting of the book <i>Red Platoon</i> by <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipient <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Romesha" title="Clinton Romesha">Clinton Romesha</a>.</li> <li>Nuristan is where three young diplomats, American, English, and German visited in 1960 "...to penetrate a land that few westerners had set eyes on." Their book is <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Passage_to_Nuristan:_Exploring_the_Mysterious_Afghan_Hinterland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Passage to Nuristan: Exploring the Mysterious Afghan Hinterland (page does not exist)">A Passage to Nuristan: Exploring the Mysterious Afghan Hinterland</a></i> by Joseph T. Kendrick (Author), Nicholas Barrington (Author), Reinhard Schlagintweit (Author), Sandy Gall (Foreword).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people_from_the_province">Notable people from the province</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable people from the province"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gen._Abdu_Wakil_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gen. Abdu Wakil Khan (page does not exist)">Gen. Abdu Wakil Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gen._Ghorzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gen. Ghorzi (page does not exist)">Gen. Ghorzi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex._Mayor_of_Kabul_Akbar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ex. Mayor of Kabul Akbar (page does not exist)">Ex. Mayor of Kabul Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lt._Col._Jamaluddin_Khan_Nuristani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lt. Col. Jamaluddin Khan Nuristani (page does not exist)">Lt. Col. Jamaluddin Khan Nuristani </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Qassim_Jangulbagh" title="Mohammad Qassim Jangulbagh">Mohammad Qassim Jangulbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Col._Pacha_Gul_Nuristani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col. Pacha Gul Nuristani (page does not exist)">Col. Pacha Gul Nuristani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamim_Nuristani_Nuristani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamim Nuristani Nuristani (page does not exist)">Tamim Nuristani Nuristani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaluddin_Bader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamaluddin Bader (page does not exist)">Jamaluddin Bader</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafeez_Nuristani_Nuristani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hafeez Nuristani Nuristani (page does not exist)">Hafeez Nuristani Nuristani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Hai_Warshan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Hai Warshan (page does not exist)">Abdul Hai Warshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yusuf_Nuristani" title="Ahmad Yusuf Nuristani">Ahmad Yusuf Nuristani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Nuristani" title="Abdul Qadir Nuristani">Abdul Qadir Nuristani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Nadir_Atash" title="Mohammed Nadir Atash">Mohammed Nadir Atash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Col._Issa_Khan_Nuristani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col. Issa Khan Nuristani (page does not exist)">Col. Issa Khan Nuristani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalilullah_Nuristani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalilullah Nuristani (page does not exist)">Khalilullah Nuristani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Sarwar_Khan_Nuristani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Sarwar Khan Nuristani (page does not exist)">General Sarwar Khan Nuristani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Col._Noorullah_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col. Noorullah Khan (page does not exist)">Col. Noorullah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Col._Din_Mohammad_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col. Din Mohammad Khan (page does not exist)">Col. Din Mohammad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Col._Haroon_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col. Haroon Khan (page does not exist)">Col. Haroon Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Col._Jan_Gul_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col. Jan Gul Khan (page does not exist)">Col. Jan Gul Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Col._Jan_Muhammad_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col. Jan Muhammad Khan (page does not exist)">Col. Jan Muhammad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lt._Col._Nazar_Muhammad_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lt. Col. Nazar Muhammad Khan (page does not exist)">Lt. Col. Nazar Muhammad Khan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knownuristan.blogspot.com/">Abdul Wahid Nuristani</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Afghanistan" title="Geography of Afghanistan">Geography of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Afghanistan" title="Provinces of Afghanistan">Provinces of Afghanistan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Kamkata-vari language is the largest of the <a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani languages</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pre_Islamic_religion-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pre_Islamic_religion_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pre_Islamic_religion_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pre-Islamic religion: <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFAnsary2014">Ansary (2014)</a>: "Kafiristan, "Land of the Infidels," because the people there practiced an animist religion involving elaborate graves decorated with images carved of wood."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFRuhland2019">Ruhland (2019</a>, p. 107): "Their traditional shamanic religion is probably rooted in Indo-Iranian, pre-Zoroastrian Vedic traditions."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFWitzel2004">Witzel (2004</a>, p. 2):</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>"an ancient, common substrate (TUITE 2000, cf. BENGTSON 1999, 2001, 2002). These must be separated from what <i>may</i> appear to be Vedic."</li> <li>"A few key features that highlight the position of Hindukush religion in between the IIr. [Indo-Iranian], BMAC and Vedic religions will be summarized and discussed in some detail, as they by and large even now remain unknown to Vedic specialists, in spite of BUDDRUSS 1960 and the selective summary "d'un domaine mal connu des indianistes" by FUSSMAN (1977: 21-35), who, even with an "esprit hypercritique comme le nôtre" (1977: 27), overstresses (post-Vedic) Indian influences (1977: 69; for a balanced evaluation of the linguistic features, see now DEGENER 2002). However, both Hindukush and Vedic mythology, ritual, and festivals, in spite of many layers of developments and mutual influences, tend to explain each other very effectively; cf. the similar case of Nepal (Witzel 1997c: 520-32)."</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFVinogradovZharnikova2020">Vinogradov & Zharnikova (2020</a>, p. 182): "... the pagan Kafir pantheon, which has preserved the relics of the most ancient Indo-Iranian mythological concepts."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFMinahan2014">Minahan (2014</a>, p. 205): "Living in the high mountain valleys, the Nuristani retained their ancient culture and their religion, a form of ancient Hinduism with many customs and rituals developed locally. Certain deities were revered only by one tribe or community, but one deity was universally worshipped by all Nuristani as the Creator, the Hindu god Yama Raja, called <i>imr'o</i> or <i>imra</i> by the Nuristani tribes."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFBarringtonKendrickSchlagintweit2006">Barrington, Kendrick & Schlagintweit (2006</a>, p. 111): "Prominent sites include Hadda, near Jalalabad, but Buddhism never seems to have penetrated the remote valleys of Nuristan, where the people continued to practise an early form of polytheistic Hinduism."</li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bakhtarnews.af/ps/%D8%AF-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BC-%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AB%D9%84-%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%B3%D9%81/">"د نورستان مرستیال والي وانټ وایګل ته سفر وکړ"</a> [Vice-Governor of Nuristan visited Vant Weigel]. <i>bakhtarnews.af</i>.</cite><span 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Oxford University Press. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190226923" title="Special:BookSources/9780190226923"><bdi>9780190226923</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roots+of+Hinduism%3A+The+Early+Aryans+and+the+Indus+Civilization&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780190226923&rft.aulast=Parpola&rft.aufirst=Asko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_eykCQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dnuristan%2Bimra%2Bindr%26pg%3DPA351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2014" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, Michael (14 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aqDC5bwx4_wC&q=nuristan+indr&pg=PA138"><i>Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses</i></a>. Infobase. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438109855" title="Special:BookSources/9781438109855"><bdi>9781438109855</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Gods+and+Goddesses&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft.isbn=9781438109855&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaqDC5bwx4_wC%26q%3Dnuristan%2Bindr%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudwig_W._Adamec1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_W._Adamec" title="Ludwig W. Adamec">Ludwig W. Adamec</a> (1985). <i>Historical and Political Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Volume 6</i>. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Graz. p. 361.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+and+Political+Gazetteer+of+Afghanistan%2C+Volume+6&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Akademische+Druck-+und+Verlagsanstalt+Graz&rft.date=1985&rft.au=Ludwig+W.+Adamec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nile-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nile_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNile_Green2017" class="citation book cs1">Nile Green (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g6swDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142"><i>Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. 142–143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520294134" title="Special:BookSources/9780520294134"><bdi>9780520294134</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghanistan%27s+Islam%3A+From+Conversion+to+the+Taliban&rft.pages=142-143&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780520294134&rft.au=Nile+Green&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg6swDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowersox-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowersox_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowersox2004" class="citation book cs1">Bowersox, Gary W. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WVAN9pjnRzMC&pg=PA100"><i>The Gem Hunter: The Adventures of an American in Afghanistan</i></a>. United States: GeoVision, Inc. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9747-3231-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9747-3231-1"><bdi>0-9747-3231-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2010</span>. <q>To launch this plan, Bhutto recruited and trained a group of Afghans in the <a href="/wiki/Bala_Hissar,_Peshawar" title="Bala Hissar, Peshawar">Bala-Hesar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>, in Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">North-west Frontier Province</a>. Among these young men were <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud" title="Ahmad Shah Massoud">Massoud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar" title="Gulbuddin Hekmatyar">Gulbuddin Hekmatyar</a>, and other members of Jawanan-e Musulman. Massoud's mission to Bhutto was to create unrest in northern Afghanistan. It served Massoud's interests, which were apparently opposition to the Soviets and independence for Afghanistan. Later, after Massoud and Hekmatyar had a terrible falling-out over Massoud's opposition to terrorist tactics and methods, Massoud overthrew from Jawanan-e Musulman. He joined <a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Rabbani" title="Burhanuddin Rabbani">Rabani</a>'s newly created Afghan political party, <a href="/wiki/Jamiat-e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiat-e Islami">Jamiat-i-Islami</a>, in exile in Pakistan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gem+Hunter%3A+The+Adventures+of+an+American+in+Afghanistan&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=GeoVision%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-9747-3231-1&rft.aulast=Bowersox&rft.aufirst=Gary+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWVAN9pjnRzMC%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaan_Van_Der_Schriek2005" class="citation news cs1">Daan Van Der Schriek, ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.longwarjournal.org&rft.atitle=Taliban+govern+openly+in+Nuristan+%7C+FDD%27s+Long+War+Journal&rft.date=2009-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2009%2F11%2Ftaliban_govern_in_th.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21606902-could-country-be-getting-taste-its-own-medicine-double-games">"Pakistan's border badlands: Double games"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 12 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aims.org.af%2Fafg%2Fdist_profiles%2Funhcr_district_profiles%2Feastern%2Fnuristan%2Fwama.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180305/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nuristan/waygal.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180305/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nuristan/waygal.pdf</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aims.org.af%2Fafg%2Fdist_profiles%2Funhcr_district_profiles%2Feastern%2Fnuristan%2Fwaygal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsary2014" class="citation book cs1">Ansary, Tamim (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=edAiBQAAQBAJ&q=kafiristan+animist&pg=PA98"><i>Games without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan</i></a>. PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610393195" title="Special:BookSources/9781610393195"><bdi>9781610393195</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Games+without+Rules%3A+The+Often-Interrupted+History+of+Afghanistan&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781610393195&rft.aulast=Ansary&rft.aufirst=Tamim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DedAiBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dkafiristan%2Banimist%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarringtonKendrickSchlagintweit2006" class="citation book cs1">Barrington, Nicholas; Kendrick, Joseph T.; Schlagintweit, Reinhard (2006). <i>A Passage to Nuristan: Exploring the Mysterious Afghan Hinterland</i>. <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845111755" title="Special:BookSources/9781845111755"><bdi>9781845111755</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Passage+to+Nuristan%3A+Exploring+the+Mysterious+Afghan+Hinterland&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781845111755&rft.aulast=Barrington&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Kendrick%2C+Joseph+T.&rft.au=Schlagintweit%2C+Reinhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlimberg2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Klimberg, Max (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nuristan">"NURISTAN"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i> (Online ed.). United States: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=NURISTAN&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.place=United+States&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Klimberg&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fnuristan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2014" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James B. (2014). <i>Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610690188" title="Special:BookSources/9781610690188"><bdi>9781610690188</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+North%2C+East%2C+and+Central+Asia%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781610690188&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuhland2019" class="citation book cs1">Ruhland, Heike (2019). <i>Peacebuilding in Pakistan: A Study on the Religious Minorities and Initiatives for Interfaith Harmony</i>. Waxmann Verlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peacebuilding+in+Pakistan%3A+A+Study+on+the+Religious+Minorities+and+Initiatives+for+Interfaith+Harmony&rft.pub=Waxmann+Verlag&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Ruhland&rft.aufirst=Heike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinogradovZharnikova2020" class="citation book cs1">Vinogradov, A.G.; Zharnikova, S.V. (2020). <i>Indo-European Ornamental Complexes and their Analogies in the Cultures of Eurasia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indo-European+Ornamental+Complexes+and+their+Analogies+in+the+Cultures+of+Eurasia&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Vinogradov&rft.aufirst=A.G.&rft.au=Zharnikova%2C+S.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitzel2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Witzel" title="Michael Witzel">Witzel, Michael</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/3370/1/KalashaReligion.pdf">"Kalash Religion (extract from 'The Ṛgvedic Religious System and its Central Asian and Hindukush Antecedents')"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In A. Griffiths; J. E. M. Houben (eds.). <i>The Vedas: Texts, Language and Ritual</i>. Groningen: Forsten. pp. 581–636.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kalash+Religion+%28extract+from+%27The+%E1%B9%9Agvedic+Religious+System+and+its+Central+Asian+and+Hindukush+Antecedents%27%29&rft.btitle=The+Vedas%3A+Texts%2C+Language+and+Ritual&rft.place=Groningen&rft.pages=581-636&rft.pub=Forsten&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Witzel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2F3370%2F1%2FKalashaReligion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuristan+Province" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dupree, Nancy Hatch (1977): <i>An Historical Guide to Afghanistan</i>. 1st Edition: 1970. 2nd Edition. Revised and Enlarged. Afghan Tourist Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223843/http://www.zharov.com/dupree/index.html">LINK</a></li> <li>Richard F. Strand. (1997–present) <i>Richard Strand's Nuristan Site</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nuristan.info">LINK</a>. The most accurate and comprehensive source on Nuristan, by the world's leading scholar on the languages and ethnic groups of Nuristan.</li> <li>M. Klimburg. NURISTAN in <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/unicode/ot_grp6/ot_nuristan_20041001.html">LINK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100201115555/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/unicode/ot_grp6/ot_nuristan_20041001.html">Archived</a> 1 February 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Jettmar" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Jettmar">Jettmar, Karl</a> (1986) <i>The Religions of the Hindukush: Vol 1: The Religions of the Kafirs: The Pre-islamic Heritage of Afghan Nuristan.</i></li> <li>Edelberg, Lennart (1984) "Nuristani Buildings" Jutland Archaeological Society Publications, Vol. 18, 1984.</li> <li>Edelberg, Lennart & <a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Jones" title="Schuyler Jones">Schuyler Jones</a> (1979) "Nuristan" Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria</li> <li>Jones, Schuyler (1992) "Afghanistan" Vol. 135 of the World Bibliographical Series, Clio Press, Oxford.</li> <li>Jones, Schuyler (1974) "Men of Influence in Nuristan: A Study of Social Control & Dispute Settlement in Waigal Valley, Afghanistan." Seminar Press, London & New York.</li> <li>Wilber, Donald N. (1968)Annotated Bibliography of Afghanistan. Human Relations Area Files, New Haven, Conn.</li> <li>Jones, Schuyler (1966) An Annotated Bibliography of Nuristan (Kafiristan) and the Kalash Kafirs of Chitral, Part One. Royal Danish Academy of Sciences & Letters, Vol. 41, No. 3.</li> <li>Kukhtina, Tatiyana I. (1965) Bibliografiya Afghanistana: Literatuyra na russkom yazyka. Nauka, Moscow.</li> <li>Akram, Mohammed (1947) Bibliographie de l'Afghanistan, I, ouvrages parus hors de l'Afghanistan. Centre de Documentation Universitaire, Paris.</li> <li>Robertson, Sir George S. (1900) The Kafirs of Hindu-Kush.</li> <li>کشمکش های تاریخی و سرنوشت قبیله الکته (۱۴۰۰)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_sources">External sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuristan_Province&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nuristan_Province" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nuristan Province">Nuristan Province</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nuristan#Q167485" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Nuristan">Nuristan</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.edu/Programs/CCS/Nuristan.html">Nuristan Province</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate School</a> (NPS)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.understandingwar.org/region/regional-command-east#Nuristan">Nuristan Province</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War" title="Institute for the Study of War">Institute for the Study of War</a> (ISW)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Nuristan_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Nuristan_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Nuristan Province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_Province" title="Badakhshan Province">Badakhshan Province</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="528" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Panjshir_Province" title="Panjshir Province">Panjshir Province</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Nuristan Province</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laghman_Province" title="Laghman Province">Laghman Province</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kunar_Province" title="Kunar Province">Kunar Province</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_Afghanistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_of_Afghanistan" title="Template:Provinces of Afghanistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_of_Afghanistan" title="Template talk:Provinces of Afghanistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_of_Afghanistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces of Afghanistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_Afghanistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Afghanistan" title="Provinces of Afghanistan">Provinces of Afghanistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_Province" title="Badakhshan Province">Badakhshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badghis_Province" title="Badghis Province">Badghis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghlan_Province" title="Baghlan Province">Baghlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamyan_Province" title="Bamyan Province">Bamyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daykundi_Province" title="Daykundi Province">Daykundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farah_Province" title="Farah Province">Farah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faryab_Province" title="Faryab Province">Faryab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazni_Province" title="Ghazni Province">Ghazni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghor_Province" title="Ghor Province">Ghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmand_Province" title="Helmand Province">Helmand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herat_Province" title="Herat Province">Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jowzjan_Province" title="Jowzjan Province">Jowzjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_Province" title="Kabul Province">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_Province" title="Kandahar Province">Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapisa_Province" title="Kapisa Province">Kapisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khost_Province" title="Khost Province">Khost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunar_Province" title="Kunar Province">Kunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_Province" title="Kunduz Province">Kunduz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laghman_Province" title="Laghman Province">Laghman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logar_Province" title="Logar Province">Logar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidan_Wardak_Province" title="Maidan Wardak Province">Maidan Wardak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimruz_Province" title="Nimruz Province">Nimruz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nuristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paktia_Province" title="Paktia Province">Paktia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paktika_Province" title="Paktika Province">Paktika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjshir_Province" title="Panjshir Province">Panjshir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parwan_Province" title="Parwan Province">Parwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samangan_Province" title="Samangan Province">Samangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar-e_Pol_Province" title="Sar-e Pol Province">Sar-e Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takhar_Province" title="Takhar Province">Takhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruzgan_Province" title="Uruzgan Province">Uruzgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabul_Province" title="Zabul Province">Zabul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuristan_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuristan_Province" title="Template:Nuristan Province"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuristan_Province" title="Template talk:Nuristan Province"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuristan_Province" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuristan Province"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuristan_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nuristan Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Parun" title="Parun">Parun</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Afghanistan" title="Districts of Afghanistan">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barg-i_Matal_District" title="Barg-i Matal District">Barg-i Matal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Ab_District" title="Du Ab District">Du Ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamdesh_District" title="Kamdesh District">Kamdesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandol_District" title="Mandol District">Mandol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurgaram_District" title="Nurgaram District">Nurgaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristan_District" title="Nuristan District">Nuristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parun_District" title="Parun District">Parun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wama_District" title="Wama District">Wama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waygal_District" title="Waygal District">Waygal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg/100px-Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg/150px-Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg/200px-Nuristan_in_Afghanistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagalgrom" title="Bagalgrom">Bagalgrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamdesh" title="Kamdesh">Kamdesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesawur" title="Pesawur">Pesawur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshawar,_Afghanistan" title="Peshawar, Afghanistan">Peshawar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuristanis" title="Nuristanis">Nuristanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Nuristan" title="List of governors of Nuristan">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafiristan" title="Kafiristan">Kafiristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landai_Sin_River" title="Landai Sin River">Landai Sin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landai_Sin_Valley" title="Landai Sin Valley">Landai Sin Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Samir" title="Mir Samir">Mir Samir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristan_National_Park" title="Nuristan National Park">Nuristan National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pech_River" title="Pech River">Pech River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167485#identifiers" title="Edit 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