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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Vietnamese book depicting about 3000 Chinese characters glossed with chữ Nôm</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard vevent;" style="text-align:left; font-size: 88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn summary" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;">Tam thiên tự</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Tự học toản yếu (字學纂要)<br />Tam thiên tự giải âm (三千字解音)<br />Tam thiên tự giải dịch quốc ngữ (三千字解譯國語)<br />Tam thiên tự toản yếu (三千字纂要)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TamThi%C3%AAnT%E1%BB%B1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/TamThi%C3%AAnT%E1%BB%B1.png/250px-TamThi%C3%AAnT%E1%BB%B1.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="402" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/TamThi%C3%AAnT%E1%BB%B1.png/375px-TamThi%C3%AAnT%E1%BB%B1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/TamThi%C3%AAnT%E1%BB%B1.png/500px-TamThi%C3%AAnT%E1%BB%B1.png 2x" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Title page of the 1908 edition, Tam thiên tự giải dịch quốc ngữ (三千字解譯國語). Shows Chinese characters and Vietnamese (written in the Vietnamese alphabet and chữ Nôm)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Compiled by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left">Ngô Thì Nhậm (吳時任)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (Written in <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">chữ Nôm</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Literary_Chinese_in_Vietnam" title="Literary Chinese in Vietnam">Literary Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First printed edition</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left">19th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Verse form</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left">Four word verse (tứ tự; 四字)</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Chu_nom.svg/26px-Chu_nom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Chu_nom.svg/39px-Chu_nom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Chu_nom.svg/52px-Chu_nom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="779" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> text.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(East_Asian)" title="Help:Multilingual support (East Asian)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">chữ Nôm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">chữ Quốc ngữ</a>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Tam thiên tự</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: 三千字; literally 'three thousand characters') is a <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_literature" title="Vietnamese literature">Vietnamese text</a> that was used in the past to teach young children Chinese characters (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">chữ Nôm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was written around the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original title of the text was originally <b>Tự học toản yếu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: 字學纂要; literally 'Compilation of essentials for learning characters')<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was believed to be complied by <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_Th%C3%AC_Nh%E1%BA%ADm" title="Ngô Thì Nhậm">Ngô Thì Nhậm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: 吳時任; Ngô Thời Nhiệm); <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a>, Hy Doãn (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: 希尹).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tam_thi%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg/220px-TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg/330px-TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg/440px-TamThienTuGiaiAm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1701" /></a><figcaption>The first and second pages of Tam thiên tự giải âm, Chinese characters (big) can be seen glossed with chữ Nôm (small).</figcaption></figure> <p>The text contains 3000 characters with no specific order with the characters being organized into four character verses (tứ tự; 四字).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These verses are different from other texts that were also used during that time. Books like Nhất thiên tự (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: 一千字), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/852/">Ngũ thiên tự</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: 五千字), and <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%B1_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_th%C3%A1nh_ch%E1%BA%BF_t%E1%BB%B1_h%E1%BB%8Dc_gi%E1%BA%A3i_ngh%C4%A9a_ca" title="Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca">Tự Đức Thánh chế Tự học Giải nghĩa ca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: 嗣德聖製字學解義歌) were all composed in <a href="/wiki/L%E1%BB%A5c_b%C3%A1t" title="Lục bát">lục bát</a> verse unlike Tam thiên tự's four character lines.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each sentence are rhymed every two syllables. The book was organized this way to make it easier for beginner learners to remember the characters. The whole text is essentially a very long rhyme. The Chinese characters are glossed with chữ Nôm in smaller print (consisting of one or two characters). </p><p>The text includes characters that cover topics such as body parts (bộ phận thân thể), family relationships (quan hệ gia đình), traditional beliefs (tín ngưỡng), colours (màu sắc), plants (cây cỏ), metals and gemstones (kim loại và đá quý), animals species (loài vật), birds (chim chóc), insects, snakes and centipedes, tailless animals (côn trùng, rắn rết, động vật không đuôi), fish and species under water (cá và loài dưới nước), grammatical words (từ ngữ pháp), numerals (số đếm), and words with <a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">reduplication</a> (từ láy).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ngô Thì Nhậm wrote in his preface,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Tôi từ thuở trẻ được học về văn chương. Nay được làm quan trong triều, nếu có ý nghĩa gì còn nghi ngờ thì hỏi các bậc cao cả, bèn cùng bàn bạc hỏi han nhau. Còn có những âm tiết không giống nhau, chữ viết cũng khác, không xét vào đâu cho đích xác được. Gần đây, nhân được dự việc trong tướng phủ, được xem các sách hay, tìm rộng trong các tài liệu chữ nào hiểu được, thu nhặt cất đi, phiên âm giải nghĩa, nghĩa liền với vần, vần lại đối nhau, gồm được ba nghìn chữ, đặt tên gọi là Tự học toản yếu. Sách này làm xong, đưa ván khắc in"<br />"In my childhood, I had the opportunity to study literature. Now while serving as an official in the imperial court, each time I have some doubt about the meaning of a character, I ask the eminent scholars and we discuss and consult one another regarding the matter. Lately in carrying out my duties in the Prime Minister's office, I have been able to read interesting books, so I looked up the words in the various documents; those which I understood, I collected them and filed them away, then transcribed them and gave explanations, each meaning listed next to the word, with rhyming characters. I have called this total corpus of three thousand characters, Tự học toản yếu, and after completing the book, I had the woodblocks made and the volume printed."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ngô Thì Nhậm (吳時任), Kim mã hành dư (金馬行余)</cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tamthientumodern.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Tamthientumodern.png/220px-Tamthientumodern.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Tamthientumodern.png/330px-Tamthientumodern.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Tamthientumodern.png/440px-Tamthientumodern.png 2x" data-file-width="11693" data-file-height="8268" /></a><figcaption>The first and second page of Tam thiên tự giải âm (三千字解音).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SecondPageOfTamthientugiaidichquocngu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SecondPageOfTamthientugiaidichquocngu.png/220px-SecondPageOfTamthientugiaidichquocngu.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SecondPageOfTamthientugiaidichquocngu.png/330px-SecondPageOfTamthientugiaidichquocngu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SecondPageOfTamthientugiaidichquocngu.png/440px-SecondPageOfTamthientugiaidichquocngu.png 2x" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption>The first page of Tam thiên tự giải dịch quốc ngữ (1908). Depicting Chinese characters glossed with chữ Nôm and the Vietnamese alphabet.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>First few characters of Tam thiên tự<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Chinese characters and chữ Nôm </th> <th>Vietnamese alphabet </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>天𡗶 </td> <td>thiên, trời </td> <td>sky </td></tr> <tr> <td>地坦 </td> <td>địa, <b>đất</b> </td> <td>earth </td></tr> <tr> <td>擧拮 </td> <td>cử, <b>cất</b> </td> <td>to raise </td></tr> <tr> <td>存群 </td> <td>tồn, <b>còn</b> </td> <td>to remain </td></tr> <tr> <td>子𡥵 </td> <td>tử, <b>con</b> </td> <td>child </td></tr> <tr> <td>孫𡥙 </td> <td>tôn, <b>cháu</b> </td> <td>grandchild </td></tr> <tr> <td>六𦒹 </td> <td>lục, <b>sáu</b> </td> <td>six </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>三</b>𠀧 </td> <td>tam, <b>ba</b> </td> <td>three </td></tr> <tr> <td>家茹 </td> <td>gia, <b>nhà</b> </td> <td>house </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaic_words">Archaic words</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tam_thi%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Archaic words"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The text also shows several obsolete words that are no longer used in Vietnamese, having a different meaning, or is only used in compound words.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Literary Chinese — Early Modern Vietnamese (Tam thiên tự) </th> <th>Modern Vietnamese </th></tr> <tr> <td>妓 kỹ — bợm 姂 'prostitute'<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>đĩ (𡞖), gái mại dâm (𡛔賣淫) </td></tr> <tr> <td>聞 văn — mắng 𠻵 'to hear'<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>nghe (𦖑) </td></tr> <tr> <td>愼 thận — ghín 謹 'cautious; careful'<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>cẩn thận (謹慎) </td></tr> <tr> <td>笥 tứ — níp 𥸓 'basket'<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>rổ (𥯇) </td></tr> <tr> <td>於 ư — chưng 蒸 'at, because'<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ở (於), tại vì (在爲) </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%83%E5%AD%97%E7%BA%82%E8%A6%81Page1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%83%E5%AD%97%E7%BA%82%E8%A6%81Page1.png/220px-%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%83%E5%AD%97%E7%BA%82%E8%A6%81Page1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%83%E5%AD%97%E7%BA%82%E8%A6%81Page1.png/330px-%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%83%E5%AD%97%E7%BA%82%E8%A6%81Page1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%83%E5%AD%97%E7%BA%82%E8%A6%81Page1.png/440px-%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%83%E5%AD%97%E7%BA%82%E8%A6%81Page1.png 2x" data-file-width="2339" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption>First page of 三千字纂要 Tam thiên tự toản yếu (1845).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tam_thi%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/609/">三千字解音 Tam thiên tự giải âm (1831)</a></li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/tam-thie-n-tu-toa-n-ye-u-1845" class="extiw" title="iarchive:tam-thie-n-tu-toa-n-ye-u-1845">三千字纂要 Tam thiên tự toản yếu (1845)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b541004437">三千字解音 Tam thiên tự giải âm (1886)</a></li> <li>三千字解譯國語 Tam thiên tự giải dịch quốc ngữ (1908)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/610/">三千字解譯國語 Tam thiên tự giải dịch quốc ngữ (1915)</a></li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/TamThienTu1959DoanTrungCon" class="extiw" title="iarchive:TamThienTu1959DoanTrungCon">三千字 Tam thiên tự (1959) by Đoàn Trung Còn</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_media">In media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tam_thi%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%B1&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A scene in the TV show, Lều Chõng, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXdKnwaIsWg&t=876s">episode 6</a>, depicts a teacher teaching kids how to read characters using Tam thiên tự.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tam_thi%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%B1&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Character_Classic" title="Three Character Classic">Three Character Classic</a> - the Chinese equivalent for teaching beginners Chinese characters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Character_Classic" title="Thousand Character Classic">Thousand Character Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Family_Surnames" title="Hundred Family Surnames">Hundred Family Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">Chữ Hán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%B1_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_th%C3%A1nh_ch%E1%BA%BF_t%E1%BB%B1_h%E1%BB%8Dc_gi%E1%BA%A3i_ngh%C4%A9a_ca" title="Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca">Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tam_thi%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%B1&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bolded words are the words that rhyme.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tam_thi%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%B1&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGiang2022" class="citation web cs1">Giang, Nam (3 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hanoimoi.com.vn/tin-tuc/van-hoa/1023810/han-nom---mach-ngam-tai-dao-lam-nguoi">"Hán Nôm - Mạch ngầm tải đạo làm người..."</a> <i>Hà Nội Mới</i>.</cite><span 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