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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Real-time_simulation" title="Special:EditPage/Real-time simulation">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Real-time+simulation%22">"Real-time simulation"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Real-time+simulation%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Real-time+simulation%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Real-time+simulation%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Real-time+simulation%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Real-time+simulation%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Computer model which executes at the same rate as the system it models</div> <p><b>Real-time simulation</b> refers to a <a href="/wiki/Computer_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer model">computer model</a> of a physical system that can execute at the same rate as actual "wall clock" time. In other words, the computer model runs at the same rate as the actual physical system. For example, if a tank takes 10 minutes to fill in the real world, it would take 10 minutes to fill in the simulation as well. </p><p>Real-time simulation occurs commonly in <a href="/wiki/Computer_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer game">computer gaming</a>, but also is important in the industrial market for operator training and off-line controller tuning.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Computer languages like <a href="/wiki/LabVIEW" title="LabVIEW">LabVIEW</a>, <a href="/wiki/VisSim" title="VisSim">VisSim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simulink" title="Simulink">Simulink</a> allow quick creation of such real-time simulations and have connections to industrial displays and <a href="/wiki/Programmable_logic_controller" title="Programmable logic controller">programmable logic controllers</a> via <a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a> for <a href="/wiki/Process_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Process control">process control</a> or digital and analog <a href="/wiki/I/O_card" class="mw-redirect" title="I/O card">I/O cards</a>. Several real-time simulators are available on the market including xPC Target and <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT-LAB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RT-LAB (page does not exist)">RT-LAB</a> for mechatronic systems, <a href="/wiki/Simulink" title="Simulink">Simulink</a> for power electronic simulation, and RTDS for power grid simulation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Real-time_simulation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a real-time simulation, the simulation is performed in <a href="/wiki/Discrete_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrete time">discrete time</a> with a constant step (also known as fixed step) simulation as time moves forward in an equal duration of time. Other techniques having variable step are used for high frequency transients but are unsuitable for real time simulation. In a real time simulation, the time required to solve the internal <a href="/wiki/State_equation" class="mw-redirect" title="State equation">state equations</a> and functions representing the system must be less than the fixed step. If calculation time exceeds the time of the fixed step, an over run is said to have occurred and the simulation now <a href="/wiki/Lag_(video_games)" title="Lag (video games)">lags</a> behind the actual time. In simple words, real-time simulation must produce the internal variables and output within the same length of time as its physical counterpart would. </p><p>Configuring models to run in real-time enables one to use <a href="/wiki/Hardware-in-the-loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardware-in-the-loop">hardware-in-the-loop</a> simulation to test controllers. It's possible to make design changes earlier in the development process, reducing costs and shortening the <a href="/wiki/Design_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Design cycle">design cycle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_academic_curricula">In academic curricula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Real-time_simulation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In academic curricula"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Real-time simulators are used extensively in many engineering fields. As a result, the inclusion of simulation applications in academic curricula can provide great value to the student. Statistical <a href="/wiki/Power_grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Power grid">power grid</a> protection tests, aircraft design and simulation, motor drive controller design methods and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_robot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space robot (page does not exist)">space robot</a> integration are a few examples of real-time simulator technology applications. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Real-time_simulation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human-in-the-loop" title="Human-in-the-loop">Human-in-the-loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_Real_Time" title="Simulated Real Time">Simulated Real Time</a>, a literary method unrelated to the type of computer models described on this page.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Real-time_simulation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vega-group.com/assets/documents/10000421matlabsimulink.pdf">The Succsssful development process with MATLAB Simulink in the framework of ESA's ATV project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717191512/http://www.vega-group.com/assets/documents/10000421matlabsimulink.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228759100_Real-Time_Simulation_Technologies_in_Education_a_Link_to_Modern_Engineering_Methods_and_Practices">OPAL-RT Technologies Technical Paper | Real-Time Simulation Technologies in Education: a Link to Modern Engineering Methods and Practices</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Real-time_simulation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opal-rt.com/resource-center/document/?resource=L00161_0436">The What, Where and Why of Real-Time Simulation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opal-rt.com/systems-hypersim/">HYPERSIM | The Power System Simulator of Tomorrow</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.powerelectronicsnews.com/model-continuity-from-offline-simulation-to-real-time-testing/">From Offline Simulation to Real-Time Testing</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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