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padding: 2px 5px\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\t\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\n \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Mjesec_Azije/2024\" title=\"Wikipedija:Mjesec Azije/2024\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/25px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"27\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/38px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/50px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"859\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"\"\u003E Od 1. do 30. novembra održava se uređivački maraton \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Mjesec_Azije/2024\" title=\"Wikipedija:Mjesec Azije/2024\"\u003EMjesec 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Čisto_željezo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Čisto_željezo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Čisto željezo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Čisto_željezo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Čelik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Čelik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Čelik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Čelik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Čelik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Čelik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eutektoidni_čelik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eutektoidni_čelik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Eutektoidni čelik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eutektoidni_čelik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podeutektoidni_čelik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podeutektoidni_čelik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Podeutektoidni čelik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podeutektoidni_čelik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nadeutektoidni_čelik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nadeutektoidni_čelik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Nadeutektoidni čelik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nadeutektoidni_čelik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brzina_hlađenja_čelika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brzina_hlađenja_čelika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Brzina hlađenja čelika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brzina_hlađenja_čelika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Austenit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 47 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ousteniet" title="Ousteniet — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ousteniet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="أوستنيت — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوستنيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenita" title="Austenita — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Austenita" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit" title="Austenit — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Austenit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Аустенит — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аустенит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit" title="Austenit — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Austenit" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenita" title="Austenita — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Austenita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit" title="Austenit — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Austenit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit" title="Austenit — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Austenit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit_(Phase)" title="Austenit (Phase) — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Austenit (Phase)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ωστενίτης — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ωστενίτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenite" title="Austenite — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Austenite" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADstenito" title="Aŭstenito — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭstenito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenita" title="Austenita — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Austenita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austeniit" title="Austeniit — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Austeniit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenita" title="Austenita — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Austenita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="آستنیت — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آستنیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austeniitti" title="Austeniitti — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Austeniitti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aust%C3%A9nite" title="Austénite — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Austénite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenita" title="Austenita — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Austenita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98" title="אוסטניט — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסטניט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit" title="Austenit — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Austenit" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausztenit" title="Ausztenit — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ausztenit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BF" title="Աուստենիտ — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աուստենիտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenite" title="Austenite — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Austenite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88" title="オーステナイト — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーステナイト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Аустенит — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аустенит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="오스테나이트 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스테나이트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Аустенит — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аустенит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenitas" title="Austenitas — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Austenitas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austeniet" title="Austeniet — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Austeniet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenitt" title="Austenitt — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Austenitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit" title="Austenit — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Austenit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenita" title="Austenita — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Austenita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit%C4%83" title="Austenită — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Austenită" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Аустенит — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аустенит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenite" title="Austenite — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Austenite" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit" title="Austenit — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Austenit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avstenit" title="Avstenit — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avstenit" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austeniti" title="Austeniti — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Austeniti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Аустенит — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аустенит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit" title="Austenit — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Austenit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96stenit" title="Östenit — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Östenit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82" title="Аустеніт — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аустеніт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit" title="Austenit — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Austenit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenit" title="Austenit — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Austenit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Austenite" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q487286" title="Pogledajte povezanu stavku u skladištu podataka [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Krivulja_hladenja_zeljeza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sh/thumb/1/18/Krivulja_hladenja_zeljeza.jpg/300px-Krivulja_hladenja_zeljeza.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sh/thumb/1/18/Krivulja_hladenja_zeljeza.jpg/450px-Krivulja_hladenja_zeljeza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sh/thumb/1/18/Krivulja_hladenja_zeljeza.jpg/600px-Krivulja_hladenja_zeljeza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Krivulja hlađenja čistog željeza.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Dijafram_Fe-C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sh/thumb/3/31/Dijafram_Fe-C.jpg/300px-Dijafram_Fe-C.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sh/thumb/3/31/Dijafram_Fe-C.jpg/450px-Dijafram_Fe-C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sh/thumb/3/31/Dijafram_Fe-C.jpg/600px-Dijafram_Fe-C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Dijagram stanja (<a href="/wiki/Fazni_dijagram" title="Fazni dijagram">fazni dijagram</a>) željezo – ugljik prikazuje uvjete pod kojim je austenit (gama-željezo) stabilan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Widmanstatten_hand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Widmanstatten_hand.jpg/300px-Widmanstatten_hand.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Widmanstatten_hand.jpg/450px-Widmanstatten_hand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Widmanstatten_hand.jpg/600px-Widmanstatten_hand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Kada se <a href="/wiki/Metalni_meteoriti" title="Metalni meteoriti">metalni meteoriti</a> poliraju i jetkaju, pokazuju poznate Widmanstättenove figure.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Martensite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Martensite.jpg/300px-Martensite.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Martensite.jpg/450px-Martensite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Martensite.jpg/600px-Martensite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz martenzita kod niskolegiranog čelika 42CrMo4 (AISI 4140).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Dqsk-steel-bainitic-weld-tem-image.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Dqsk-steel-bainitic-weld-tem-image.png/300px-Dqsk-steel-bainitic-weld-tem-image.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Dqsk-steel-bainitic-weld-tem-image.png 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz bainita kod smirenog (dezoksidiranog) čelika.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Austenit</b> je naziv za intersticijsku čvrstu <a href="/wiki/Otopine" class="mw-redirect" title="Otopine">otopinu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ugljik" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljik">ugljik</a> se otapa u čvrstom <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">željezu</a> jer su njegovi <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomi</a> puno manji) ugljika u <b>gama-željezu</b> (<b>γ-Fe</b>) s plošno centriranom kubičnom <a href="/wiki/Kristalna_re%C5%A1etka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristalna rešetka">kristalnom rešetkom</a>. Maksimalna topivost ugljika u austenitu je 2,06 % kod 1147 <a href="/wiki/Celzijev_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzijev stupanj">ºC</a>. Austenit nije stabilan na sobnoj temperaturi, ali se može pod određenim uvjetima dobiti i na sobnoj temperaturi (<a href="/wiki/Kaljenje" title="Kaljenje">kaljenje</a>). Uglavnom je stabilan u području od 911 ºC do 1392 ºC. Za naziv je zaslužan <a href="/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska">engleski</a> <a href="/wiki/Metalurgija" title="Metalurgija">metalurg</a> William Chandler Roberts-Austen (1843. – 1902.). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Čisto_željezo"><span id=".C4.8Cisto_.C5.BEeljezo"></span>Čisto željezo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Čisto željezo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Čisto željezo"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kada otopimo čisto <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">željezo</a>, a zatim ga dovoljno sporo hladimo, on se počinje skrućivati na temperaturi od 1538 ºC i stvara volumno centriranu kubičnu kristalnu strukturu, koju nazivamo <b>delta-željezo</b> (δ-Fe), sve do temperature od 1392 ºC. Ispod temperature od 1392 ºC željezo počinje mijenjati <a href="/wiki/Kristalna_re%C5%A1etka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristalna rešetka">kristalnu strukturu</a> u plošno centriranu kubičnu kristalnu rešetku. Željezo s takvom kristalnom rešetkom se naziva gama-željezo ili austenit (γ-Fe). Austenit je postojan sve do 911 ºC, kada ponovo mijenja kristalnu strukturu. Na temperaturi od 911ºC nastaje <a href="/wiki/Ferit" title="Ferit">ferit</a> ili α-Fe (γ-Fe). Do temperature od 768 ºC ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curieva_temperatura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curieva temperatura (stranica ne postoji)">Curieve temperature</a> ova modifikacija željeza je nemagnetična (i nekad pogrešno nazvana beta-željezo ili β-Fe). Ispod ove temperature α-Fe postaje <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnetično</a>. Navedena pojava vezana je uz promjenu unutrašnje energije, <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_vodljivost" class="mw-redirect" title="Električna vodljivost">električne vodljivosti</a> itd. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Temperature pretvorbe jednog <a href="/wiki/Alotropija" class="mw-redirect" title="Alotropija">alotropskog oblika</a> željeza u drugi jako ovisi o brzini promjene temperature. Pri ravnotežnom ili <b>stabilnom</b> (dovoljno sporom) ohlađivanju i zagrijavanju pretvorbe su pri istim <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperaturama</a>. Pri neravnotežnom (brzom) ili <b>metastabilnom</b> ohlađivanju i zagrijavanju postoje odstupanja od ravnoteže i to: pri zagrijavanju su odstupanja su prema višim vrijednostima temperaturama, a pri ohlađivanju prema nižima. Odstupanje je razmjerno brzini promjene temperature i naziva se temperaturna histereza temperatura pretvorbi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Čelik"><span id=".C4.8Celik"></span>Čelik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Čelik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Čelik"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celik" title="Čelik">Čelik</a> je <a href="/wiki/Legura" title="Legura">legura</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">željeza</a> i ugljika, s manje od 2,11 % <a href="/wiki/Ugljik" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljik">ugljika</a>, uz prisutne pratioce (<a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">silicij</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>) i nečistoće (<a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">sumpor</a> i druge) i eventualni dodatak jednog ili više legirnih elemenata. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eutektoidni_čelik"><span id="Eutektoidni_.C4.8Delik"></span>Eutektoidni čelik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Eutektoidni čelik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Eutektoidni čelik"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eutektoidni čelik je čelik s 0,8% ugljika (masenih udjela), a naziva se i <a href="/wiki/Perlit" title="Perlit">perlit</a>. Perlit se sastoji od 88% ferita i 12% <a href="/wiki/Cementit" title="Cementit">cementita</a> (Fe<sub>3</sub>C). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eutektoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eutektoid (stranica ne postoji)">Eutektoidni</a> čelik ili perlit ima u uvjetima polaganog hlađenja perlitnu mikrostrukturu, koja se sastoji od naizmjenično raspoređenih lamela ferita i cementita. Lamele ferita su oko sedam puta deblje od lamela cementita i mogu se vidjeti samo kod većeg povećanja optičkog <a href="/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop">mikroskopa</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podeutektoidni_čelik"><span id="Podeutektoidni_.C4.8Delik"></span>Podeutektoidni čelik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Podeutektoidni čelik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Podeutektoidni čelik"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polagano hlađenje podeutektoidnog čelika s 0,4% <a href="/wiki/Ugljik" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljik">C</a> (masenih udjela) karakterizira slijedeće: </p> <ul><li>na temperaturi iznad 800 ºC čelik ima austenitnu mikrostrukturu.</li> <li>na temperaturi malo iznad 723 ºC mikrostruktura čelika sastoji se od ferita s 0,025 % C i austenita eutektoidnog sastava s 0,8 % C. Ferita ima 51,6% i austenita ima 48,4%.</li> <li>na temperaturi ispod 723 ºC austenit eutektoidnog sastava raspada se u perlit , pa se mikrostruktura sastoji od 51,6 % ferita (proeutektoidnog) i 48,4 % perlita. Ferita ima 94,4% i cementita ima 5,6%. Na osnovi ovih podataka može se zaključiti slijedeće: 94,4 % ferita sastoji se od 51,6 % proeutektoidnog ferita i 42,8 % eutektoidnog ferita, a 48,4 % perlita sastoji se od 42,8 % eutektoidnog ferita i 5,6 % cementita (Fe<sub>3</sub>C).</li></ul> <p>Kada se podeutektoidni čelik hladi polako ispod 911 ºC dolazi do precipitacije ferita na granicama austenitnog zrna. Ukoliko je hlađenje brže ili su zrna austenita veoma velika, ferit koji je <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristalografski</a> orijentiran kao i austenit, više neće precipitirati na granicama austenitnog zrna kao ekviaksijalna zrnca, već u obliku iglica ili pločica, pa nastaje tzv. Widmanstattenova struktura ili <a href="/wiki/Widmanst%C3%A4ttenove_figure" title="Widmanstättenove figure">Widmanstättenove figure</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nadeutektoidni_čelik"><span id="Nadeutektoidni_.C4.8Delik"></span>Nadeutektoidni čelik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Nadeutektoidni čelik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nadeutektoidni čelik"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polagano hlađenje nadeutektoidnog čelika s 1,2% C (masenih udjela) karakterizira slijedeće: </p> <ul><li>na temperaturi iznad 840 ºC čelik ima austenitnu mikrostrukturu.</li> <li>na temperaturi malo iznad 723 ºC mikrostruktura se sastoji od austenita i sekundarnog cementita, koji se izlučuje na granicama austenitnog zrna. Austenita ima 93,2% i cementita ima 6,8%.</li> <li>na temperaturi malo ispod 723 ºC austenit eutektoidnog sastava raspada se u perlit, pa se mikrostruktura čelika sastoji od 93,2 % perlita i 6,8 % proeutektoidnog cementita. Ferita ima 82,3% i cementita ima 17,7%. Na osnovi toga može se zaključiti slijedeće: 93,2 % perlita sastoji se od 82,3 % ferita i 10,9 % cementita (Fe<sub>3</sub>C), a 17,7 % cementita sastoji se od 10,9 % eutektoidnog cementita i 6,8 % proeutektoidnog cementita.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brzina_hlađenja_čelika"><span id="Brzina_hla.C4.91enja_.C4.8Delika"></span>Brzina hlađenja čelika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Brzina hlađenja čelika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Brzina hlađenja čelika"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ukoliko se <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Celik" title="Čelik">čelik</a> hladi s povećanom brzinom nedostatno je vrijeme za završetak procesa difuzije; ili ovaj proces ne započinje, zbog pada temperature na onu vrijednost kod koje je difuzija "beskonačno" spora. To se često događa u proizvodnji, gdje uslijed ubrzanog hlađenja fazni preobražaji nastupaju pri nižim temperaturama od ravnotežnih ili do njih uopće ne dolazi. Mikrostruktura takvog čelika razlikuje se od one koju daje ravnotežni dijagram stanja, tim više što je veća brzina hlađenja, a ovisi još o sastavu legure i temperaturi zaustavljanja brzog hlađenja. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Utjecaj brzine hlađenja na temperature faznih prijelaza odnosno na raspad austenita kod jednog podeutektoidnog čelika s 0,45% C (maseni udjel) prikazan je na slici. Kod malih brzina hlađenja (< 50 <a href="/wiki/Celzijev_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzijev stupanj">ºC</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sekunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekunda">s</a>) linije Ar<sub>3</sub> i Ar<sub>1</sub> su značajno udaljene. Ispod linije Ar<sub>3</sub> izlučuje se proeutektoidni ferit, a kod Ar<sub>1</sub> preostali austenit pretvara se u perlit. </p><p>S povećanjem brzine hlađenja u ovom području izdvaja se sve manje ferita. Kod brzine hlađenja od 50 ºC/s dolazi do spajanja dviju linija u jednu točku, jer se više ne izdvaja proeutektoidni ferit, već nastaje samo finolamelarni perlit. Struktura nastalog perlita tako je fino heterogena, da pod mikroskopom malog povećanja izgleda homogena i različita od strukture perlita. Taj strukturni sastojak čelika dobio je svojevremeno naziv sorbit, prema <a href="/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska">engleskom</a> <a href="/wiki/Metalurgija" title="Metalurgija">metalurgu</a> Henry Clifton Sorbyu, koji se danas više ne upotrebljava. </p><p>Daljnjim porastom brzine hlađenja smanjuje se temperatura Ar<sub>1</sub>. Kod brzine hlađenja od 250 ºC/s dolazi do nagle promjene mikrostrukture: pored perlita koji nastaje kod 600 ºC (Ar') pojavljuje se novi mikrostrukturni sastojak čelika <a href="/wiki/Martenzit" title="Martenzit">martenzit</a> kod 300 ºC (Ms), koji je dobio naziv prema <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">njemačkom</a> metalurgu Adolfu Martensu. On nastaje kada se čelik austenitne strukture ohladi na određenu, dovoljno nisku temperaturu Ms (temperaturu početka stvaranja martenzita) brzinom hlađenja koja se naziva <b>donja kritična brzina hlađenja</b>. U mikrostrukturi takvog tzv. <a href="/wiki/Kaljenje" title="Kaljenje">kaljenog</a> čelika martenzit se javlja u obliku nakupina igličastih <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristala</a>, koji se sijeku pod određenim kutevima. </p><p>Kod martenzitne reakcije transformira se γ-faza s plošno centriranom kubičnom kristalnom rešetkom u α-fazu s bazno-centriranom tetragonskom rešetkom. Uslijed velike brzine <a href="/wiki/Hla%C4%91enje" title="Hlađenje">hlađenja</a> i pada temperature brzina difuzije približava se praktički nuli, pa ugljik više nema mogućnosti da difundira kroz kristalnu rešetku ferita (α-Fe). Zbog viška atoma ugljika u prezasićenoj čvrstoj otopini kubična struktura α-Fe deformira se u tetragonsku. Tetragonska kristalna struktura martenzita zapravo je prezasićena čvrsta otopina ugljika u α-Fe. Nastala struktura ima određenu unutrašnju napetost, kojom se objašnjavaju visoka <a href="/wiki/Tvrdo%C4%87a" title="Tvrdoća">tvrdoća</a> i otpornost martenzita prema nagrizanju s metalografskim reagensima. </p><p>Martenzitna transformacija ne nastaje procesom difuzije već spada u veoma brze, nedifuzijske procese. Temperatura početka stvaranja martenzita Ms ne ovisi o brzini hlađenja, već o sastavu legure, temperaturi s koje se čelik hladi (temperaturi kaljenja) i postupku kojem je čelik podvrgnut prije samog hlađenja. Ipak, da bi uopće mogao nastati martenzit mora biti dosegnuta i određena brzina hlađenja (donja kritična brzina hlađenja). </p><p>S porastom brzine hlađenja između donje i gornje kritične brzine ne mijenja se mikrostruktura čelika, već samo odnos između udjela perlita i martenzita. Pod mikroskopom relativno malog povećanja vide se tamne mrlja u obliku rozeta (tj. perlit koji se lako nagriza s metalografskim reagensima) uložene u svijetli martenzit, koji je otporan prema nagrizanju. Kako se fina lamelarna struktura perlita nije mogla vidjeti bez <a href="/wiki/Elektronski_mikroskop" title="Elektronski mikroskop">elektronskog mikroskopa</a> ova mikrostruktura nazvana trostit, prema <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">američkom</a> metalurgu Geraldu Troostu opet je pogrešno proglašena novim strukturnim sastojkom čelika. </p><p>Iznad gornje kritične brzine hlađenja (od 600 ºC/s) ne nastaje više perlit već se dobiva samo martenzit. Ako se čelik ohladi na temperaturu između A<sub>1</sub> i A<sub>3</sub> brzinom iznad kritične dobivaju se strukture koje pored martenzita (eventualno trostita) sadrže ferit, odnosno sekundarni cementit. </p><p>Kada se čelik hladi brzinom između gornje i donje kritične brzine hlađenja na nižim temperaturama (između temperature stvaranja perlita i martenzita) tada se dobiva struktura sastavljena od ferita i cementita, ali različita od perlita. To je struktura međustupnja ili međustruktura nazvana <a href="/wiki/Bainit" title="Bainit">bainit</a>, prema američkom metalurgu Edgaru Bainu, koja nije jako izražena kod nelegiranih čelika. Struktura bainita razlikuje se od strukture perlita, jer je brzina difuzije atoma ugljika na ovoj temperaturi tako mala da se atomi ugljika ne mogu pomicati na veće udaljenosti i stvoriti lamele cementita. Zbog toga se umjesto lamela ferita i cementita stvaraju samo lamele ferita na čijim granicama se izdvaja cementit u obliku sitnih, <a href="/wiki/Kugla" class="mw-redirect" title="Kugla">kuglastih</a> čestica vidljivih samo pomoću elektronskog mikroskopa. Razlika u strukturi između perlita i bainita posljedica je razlike u procesima njihovog nastajanja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austenit&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41378145">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.simet.unizg.hr/nastava/predavanja/Fizikalna%20metalurgija%20I.pdf/view">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704150245/http://www.simet.unizg.hr/nastava/predavanja/Fizikalna%20metalurgija%20I.pdf/view">Arhivirano</a> 2014-07-04 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> "Fizikalna metalurgija I", dr.sc. Tanja Matković, dr.sc. Prosper Matković, www.simet.unizg.hr, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> "Strojarski priručnik", Bojan Kraut, Tehnička knjiga Zagreb 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ffri.uniri.hr/~zvonimir/Materijali/05Metali.pdf">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731131353/http://www.ffri.uniri.hr/~zvonimir/Materijali/05Metali.pdf">Arhivirano</a> 2013-07-31 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> "Metali", www.ffri.uniri.hr, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> "Specijalni čelici", dr. sc. Stjepan Kožuh, doc., Metalurški fakultet, www.simet.unizg.hr, 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austenit&oldid=41103525">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austenit&oldid=41103525</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Legure" title="Kategorija:Legure">Legure</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Metalurgija" title="Kategorija:Metalurgija">Metalurgija</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorija:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 16. augusta 2021. u 05:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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