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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Re-organisation_and_discontents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Re-organisation and discontents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Re-organisation_and_discontents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Berlusconi's_resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berlusconi's_resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Berlusconi's resignation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berlusconi's_resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 2013 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revival_of_Forza_Italia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revival_of_Forza_Italia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Revival of Forza Italia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revival_of_Forza_Italia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Ideology and factions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_factions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ideology and factions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Factions_(as_of_November_2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factions_(as_of_November_2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Factions (as of November 2011) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factions_(as_of_November_2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factions_(as_of_October_2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factions_(as_of_October_2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Factions (as of October 2013) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factions_(as_of_October_2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associate_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associate_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Associate parties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associate_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Popular support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Electoral results </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Electoral results subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italian_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Italian Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 European Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Symbols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">The People of Freedom</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" > 38 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حزب شعب الحرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب شعب الحرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadl%C4%B1q_Xalq%C4%B1_Partiyas%C4%B1_(%C4%B0taliya)" title="Azadlıq Xalqı Partiyası (İtaliya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Azadlıq Xalqı Partiyası (İtaliya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Народът на свободата – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Народът на свободата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poble_de_la_Llibertat" title="Poble de la Llibertat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Poble de la Llibertat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lid_svobody" title="Lid svobody – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lid svobody" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0" title="Il Popolo della Libertà – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Il Popolo della Libertà" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0" title="Il Popolo della Libertà – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Il Popolo della Libertà" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Λαός της Ελευθερίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λαός της Ελευθερίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Pueblo_de_la_Libertad" title="El Pueblo de la Libertad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El Pueblo de la Libertad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Popolo_de_Libereco" title="La Popolo de Libereco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Popolo de Libereco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Peuple_de_la_libert%C3%A9" title="Le Peuple de la liberté – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Le Peuple de la liberté" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Pobo_da_Liberdade" title="O Pobo da Liberdade – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="O Pobo da Liberdade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A4%91%EB%8B%B9" title="자유민중당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자유민중당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0" title="Il Popolo della Libertà – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Il Popolo della Libertà" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="თავისუფლების ხალხი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თავისუფლების ხალხი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus_libertatis" title="Populus libertatis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Populus libertatis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Popol_de_la_Libert%C3%A0" title="El Popol de la Libertà – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="El Popol de la Libertà" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szabads%C3%A1g_N%C3%A9pe" title="Szabadság Népe – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szabadság Népe" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="شعب الحريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شعب الحريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0" title="Il Popolo della Libertà – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Il Popolo della Libertà" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91_(%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2)" title="自由の人民 (イタリア) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自由の人民 (イタリア)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0" title="Il Popolo della Libertà – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Il Popolo della Libertà" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridomsfolket" title="Fridomsfolket – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fridomsfolket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lud_Wolno%C5%9Bci" title="Lud Wolności – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lud Wolności" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Povo_da_Liberdade" title="O Povo da Liberdade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="O Povo da Liberdade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poporul_pentru_Libertate" title="Poporul pentru Libertate – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Poporul pentru Libertate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Народ свободы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Народ свободы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popolo_della_libert%C3%A0" title="Popolo della libertà – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Popolo della libertà" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popolo_della_libert%C3%A0" title="Popolo della libertà – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Popolo della libertà" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2pulu_d%C3%AE_Libbirtati" title="Pòpulu dî Libbirtati – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pòpulu dî Libbirtati" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Народ слободе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Народ слободе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narod_slobode" title="Narod slobode – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Narod slobode" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapauden_kansa" title="Vapauden kansa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vapauden kansa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frihetens_folk" title="Frihetens folk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frihetens folk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zg%C3%BCrl%C3%BCk_Halk%C4%B1" title="Özgürlük Halkı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Özgürlük Halkı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Народ свободи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Народ свободи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Popo%C5%82o_de_%C5%82a_Libart%C3%A0" title="El Popoło de ła Libartà – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="El Popoło de ła Libartà" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8_(%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9)" title="自由人民黨 (義大利) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="自由人民黨 (義大利)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Italian centre-right political party</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #0087DC; border-bottom:2px solid #0087DC; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">The People of Freedom</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Il Popolo della Libertà</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0.svg/180px-Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0.svg/270px-Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0.svg/360px-Il_Popolo_della_Libert%C3%A0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="790" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Angelino Alfano</a> (2011–2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Coordinator</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Verdini" title="Denis Verdini">Denis Verdini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sandro_Bondi" title="Sandro Bondi">Sandro Bondi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a> (2009–2012)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Spokesperson</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Daniele_Capezzone" title="Daniele Capezzone">Daniele Capezzone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>27 February 2008 (list)</li><li>29 March 2009 (party)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">16 November 2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a></li><li>minor parties</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">Forza Italia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Via dell'Umiltà 36 00187 <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Il Mattinale</li><li><a href="/wiki/Secolo_d%27Italia" title="Secolo d'Italia">Secolo d'Italia</a> (until 2010)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">National Student Movement</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Young_Italy_(2009)" title="Young Italy (2009)">Young Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2011)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1,150,000<a href="#cite_note-archiviostorico.corriere.it-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lupi-2">[2]</a> (disputed)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a><a href="#cite_note-Nordsieck-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Viola2015-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Riccioni2013-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a><a href="#cite_note-Nordsieck-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a><a href="#cite_note-Moroni-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a><a href="#cite_note-Riccioni2013-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_coalition_(Italy)" title="Centre-right coalition (Italy)">Centre-right coalition</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <a href="/wiki/Azure_(color)" title="Azure (color)">Azure</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Anthem</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Meno male che Silvio c'è<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> ("Thank goodness for Silvio")</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdl.it/">www.pdl.it</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47720#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #0087DC;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics of Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The People of Freedom (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Il Popolo della Libertà, PdL) was a <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a> political party in Italy. The PdL launched by <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> as an electoral list, including <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a>, on 27 February for the <a href="/wiki/2008_Italian_general_election" title="2008 Italian general election">2008 Italian general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The list was later transformed into a party during a party congress on 27–29 March 2009. The party's leading members included <a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Angelino Alfano</a> (national secretary), <a href="/wiki/Renato_Schifani" title="Renato Schifani">Renato Schifani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Brunetta" title="Renato Brunetta">Renato Brunetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Formigoni" title="Roberto Formigoni">Roberto Formigoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Sacconi" title="Maurizio Sacconi">Maurizio Sacconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Gasparri" title="Maurizio Gasparri">Maurizio Gasparri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariastella_Gelmini" title="Mariastella Gelmini">Mariastella Gelmini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Martino" title="Antonio Martino">Antonio Martino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Galan" title="Giancarlo Galan">Giancarlo Galan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Lupi" title="Maurizio Lupi">Maurizio Lupi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Quagliariello" title="Gaetano Quagliariello">Gaetano Quagliariello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniela_Santanch%C3%A8" title="Daniela Santanchè">Daniela Santanchè</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Bondi" title="Sandro Bondi">Sandro Bondi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Fitto" title="Raffaele Fitto">Raffaele Fitto</a>. The PdL formed <a href="/wiki/Berlusconi_IV_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlusconi IV Cabinet">Italy's government</a> from 2008 to 2011 in coalition with <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a>. After having supported <a href="/wiki/Mario_Monti" title="Mario Monti">Mario Monti</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Monti_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Monti Cabinet">technocratic government</a> in 2011–2012, the party was part of <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Letta" title="Enrico Letta">Enrico Letta</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Letta_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Letta Cabinet">government</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">Democratic Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civic_Choice" title="Civic Choice">Civic Choice</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(2002)" title="Union of the Centre (2002)">Union of the Centre</a>. Alfano functioned as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior. In June 2013, Berlusconi announced Forza Italia's revival and the PdL's transformation into a centre-right coalition.<a href="#cite_note-28_giugno_2013-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-repubblica.it-15">[15]</a> On 16 November 2013, the PdL's national council voted to dissolve the party and start a <a href="/wiki/New_Forza_Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="New Forza Italia">new Forza Italia</a> party; the assembly was deserted by a group of dissidents, led by Alfano, who had launched the <a href="/wiki/New_Centre-Right" title="New Centre-Right">New Centre-Right</a> the day before.<a href="#cite_note-Forza_Italia_founded-16">[16]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> In the run-up to the <a href="/wiki/2006_Italian_general_election" title="2006 Italian general election">2006 Italian general election</a>, there was talk among the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Freedoms" title="House of Freedoms">House of Freedoms</a> coalition's member parties on merging into a "united party of moderates and reformers". <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a> (FI), <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a> (AN) and the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(2002)" title="Union of the Centre (2002)">Union of Christian and Centre Democrats</a> (UDC) all seemed interested in the project. Soon after the election, however, UDC leader <a href="/wiki/Pier_Ferdinando_Casini" title="Pier Ferdinando Casini">Pier Ferdinando Casini</a>, who had been a reluctant coalition partner, started to distance from its historical allies. Another party of the coalition, <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> (LN), showed no interest in the idea, because of its character as a regionalist party. On 2 December 2006, during a big rally of the centre-right in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> against <a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Prodi_II_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Prodi II Cabinet">government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> proposed the foundation of a "freedom party", stressing that centre-right voters were all part of a single "people of freedom". On 21 August 2007, <a href="/wiki/Michela_Vittoria_Brambilla" title="Michela Vittoria Brambilla">Michela Brambilla</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Club_of_Freedom" title="Club of Freedom">Clubs of Freedom</a> (a grassroot group), registered the name and the symbol of the "Freedom Party" (Partito della Libertà) on Berlusconi's behalf,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> but none of Berlusconi's allies seemed interested in joining such a party and some leading FI dignitaries looked disappointed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Running_board_revolution"">"Running board revolution"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "Running board revolution"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silvio_Berlusconi_(CS_4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Silvio_Berlusconi_%28CS_4%29.jpg/220px-Silvio_Berlusconi_%28CS_4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Silvio_Berlusconi_%28CS_4%29.jpg/330px-Silvio_Berlusconi_%28CS_4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Silvio_Berlusconi_%28CS_4%29.jpg/440px-Silvio_Berlusconi_%28CS_4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="718" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> at a PdL rally.</figcaption></figure> On 18 November 2007, Berlusconi claimed that his supporters had collected over 7 million signatures on an appeal demanding the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President of the Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Giorgio Napolitano</a>, to call a fresh general election. Shortly afterwards, from the <a href="/wiki/Running_board" title="Running board">running board</a> of a car in a crowded Piazza San Babila in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> he announced that FI would soon merge or transform into a new "party of the Italian people".<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The new course was thus called the "running board revolution" (rivoluzione del predellino) and this expression soon became very popular both among Berlusconi's supporters and his adversaries.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> At the beginning, the fate of FI remained unclear. Later, it was explained that the new party's core would consist of FI, the <a href="/wiki/Club_of_Freedom" title="Club of Freedom">Clubs of Freedom</a> and other grassroots groups, and that some minor parties of the House of Freedoms would join too. AN leader <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini">Gianfranco Fini</a> made very critical statements in the days after Berlusconi's announcement, declaring the end of his support for Berlusconi as candidate for Prime Minister and that his party would not join the new party. Also UDC leader Casini criticised the idea from the start and seemed interested in an alternative coalition with Fini.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_early_years">Foundation and early years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Foundation and early years">edit</a>]</div> On 24 January, the Prodi II Cabinet fell as a result of the <a href="/wiki/2008_Italian_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Italian political crisis">2008 Italian political crisis</a>, paving the way for a new general election. The day after Berlusconi hinted that FI would probably contest its last election, and postponed the foundation of the new party until after the election. In an atmosphere of reconciliation with Fini, Berlusconi also stated that the new party could involve the participation of other parties.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> On 8 February, Berlusconi and Fini agreed to form a joint list under the banner of The People of Freedom (PdL), in alliance with LN.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In addition to Forza Italia and the National Alliance, several minor parties and groups chose to join the PdL: the <a href="/wiki/Club_of_Freedom" title="Club of Freedom">Clubs of Freedom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michela_Vittoria_Brambilla" title="Michela Vittoria Brambilla">Michela Vittoria Brambilla</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Clubs_of_Good_Government" title="Clubs of Good Government">Clubs of Good Government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Dell%27Utri" title="Marcello Dell'Utri">Marcello Dell'Utri</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Populars" title="Liberal Populars">Liberal Populars</a> (a splinter group from the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(2002)" title="Union of the Centre (2002)">UDC</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Giovanardi" title="Carlo Giovanardi">Carlo Giovanardi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_for_Autonomies" title="Christian Democracy for Autonomies">Christian Democracy for Autonomies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Rotondi" title="Gianfranco Rotondi">Gianfranco Rotondi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pensioners%27_Party_(Italy)" title="Pensioners' Party (Italy)">Pensioners' Party</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Fatuzzo" title="Carlo Fatuzzo">Carlo Fatuzzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Reformers" title="Liberal Reformers">Liberal Reformers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Della_Vedova" title="Benedetto Della Vedova">Benedetto Della Vedova</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Republican_Party" title="Italian Republican Party">Italian Republican Party</a> of <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Nucara" title="Francesco Nucara">Francesco Nucara</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Italian_Socialist_Party" title="New Italian Socialist Party">New Italian Socialist Party</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Caldoro" title="Stefano Caldoro">Stefano Caldoro</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(Italy)" title="Liberal Democrats (Italy)">Liberal Democrats</a> (a splinter group from <a href="/wiki/The_Daisy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daisy">The Daisy</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Daniela_Melchiorre" title="Daniela Melchiorre">Daniela Melchiorre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decide!" title="Decide!">Decide!</a> of <a href="/wiki/Daniele_Capezzone" title="Daniele Capezzone">Daniele Capezzone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_World" title="Italians in the World">Italians in the World</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sergio_De_Gregorio_(politician)" title="Sergio De Gregorio (politician)">Sergio De Gregorio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Action" title="Social Action">Social Action</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alessandra_Mussolini" title="Alessandra Mussolini">Alessandra Mussolini</a>, the Libertarian Right (a splinter group from <a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Italy)" title="The Right (Italy)">The Right</a>) of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luciano_Buonocore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luciano Buonocore (page does not exist)">Luciano Buonocore</a> and the Reformist Socialists of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donato_Robilotta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donato Robilotta (page does not exist)">Donato Robilotta</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2008_Italian_general_election" title="2008 Italian general election">2008 Italian general election</a>, the PdL won 37.4% of the vote, getting elected 276 <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">deputies</a> and 146 <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">senators</a> and becoming the Italian largest party. The PdL was also the first party since <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1979_Italian_general_election" title="1979 Italian general election">1979 Italian general election</a> to get more than 35% of the popular vote. On 27–29 March 2009, the new party held its first congress in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and was officially founded. Berlusconi was elected president, while <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Bondi" title="Sandro Bondi">Sandro Bondi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denis_Verdini" title="Denis Verdini">Denis Verdini</a> were appointed national coordinators, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Lupi" title="Maurizio Lupi">Maurizio Lupi</a> organizational secretary and <a href="/wiki/Daniele_Capezzone" title="Daniele Capezzone">Daniele Capezzone</a> spokesperson. In the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2009 European Parliament election in Italy">2009 European Parliament election in Italy</a>, the party won 35.2% of the national vote, returning 29 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2010_Italian_regional_elections" title="2010 Italian regional elections">big round of regional elections of 2010</a>, the PdL retained <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> with <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Formigoni" title="Roberto Formigoni">Roberto Formigoni</a> (in coalition with LN), gained <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> with <a href="/wiki/Renata_Polverini" title="Renata Polverini">Renata Polverini</a> (a former leader of the <a href="/wiki/General_Labour_Union_(Italy)" title="General Labour Union (Italy)">General Labour Union</a>), <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> with <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Caldoro" title="Stefano Caldoro">Stefano Caldoro</a> (a leading <a href="/wiki/New_Italian_Socialist_Party" title="New Italian Socialist Party">Socialist</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> with <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Scopelliti" title="Giuseppe Scopelliti">Giuseppe Scopelliti</a> (a former AN member). The PdL was also instrumental in the centre-right victories in <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>, where two presidents of LN, <a href="/wiki/Luca_Zaia" title="Luca Zaia">Luca Zaia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Cota" title="Roberto Cota">Roberto Cota</a> respectively, were elected. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berlusconi_vs._Fini">Berlusconi vs. Fini</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Berlusconi vs. Fini">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gianfranco_Fini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gianfranco_Fini.jpg/250px-Gianfranco_Fini.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gianfranco_Fini.jpg/375px-Gianfranco_Fini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gianfranco_Fini.jpg/500px-Gianfranco_Fini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini">Gianfranco Fini</a></figcaption></figure> Between 2009 and 2010, <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini">Gianfranco Fini</a>, former leader of the conservative AN and president of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a>, became a vocal critic of the leadership of Berlusconi. Fini departed from party's majority line on <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cell</a> research, <a href="/wiki/End-of-life_care" title="End-of-life care">end-of-life care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advance_health_care_directive" class="mw-redirect" title="Advance health care directive">advance health care directive</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> and he was a proponent of a more structured party organisation.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> His criticism was aimed at the leadership style of Berlusconi, who tended to rely on his personal charisma to lead the party from the centre, and supported a lighter form of party, which in his mind was to be a movement-party active only at election times,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> as the original FI and on some respects that of <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">political parties in the United States</a>. Although some Finiani, such as <a href="/wiki/Italo_Bocchino" title="Italo Bocchino">Italo Bocchino</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmelo_Briguglio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carmelo Briguglio (page does not exist)">Carmelo Briguglio</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabio_Granata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabio Granata (page does not exist)">Fabio Granata</a>, shared Fini's views on moral issues and immigration, many others, including <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ronchi" title="Andrea Ronchi">Andrea Ronchi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Urso" title="Adolfo Urso">Adolfo Urso</a>, were traditionalist. In fact most Finiani were <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern</a> conservatives who opposed Berlusconi's firm alliance with LN, federal reform and <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tremonti" title="Giulio Tremonti">Giulio Tremonti</a>'s economic policy.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Fini made inroads among the liberal and centrist ranks of the former FI,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> but he lost the support of most leading members of the former AN, notably including <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Gasparri" title="Maurizio Gasparri">Maurizio Gasparri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Altero_Matteoli" title="Altero Matteoli">Altero Matteoli</a>, who became close allies of Berlusconi.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Others, including <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Alemanno" title="Gianni Alemanno">Gianni Alemanno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Mantovano" title="Alfredo Mantovano">Alfredo Mantovano</a>, found common ground with the party's Christian democrats.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> On 15 April 2010, Bocchino launched an association named <a href="/wiki/Generation_Italy" title="Generation Italy">Generation Italy</a> to better represent Fini's views within the party.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Five days later 52 MPs (39 deputies and 13 senators) signed a document in support of Fini and his theses, while other 74 MPs former members of AN, including La Russa, Gasparri, Matteoli and <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a>, plus Alemanno, mayor of Rome, signed an alternative document in which they reasserted their loyalty to the party and Berlusconi.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> On 22 April 2010, the national council of the PdL convened in Rome for the first time in a year. The conflict between Fini and Berlusconi was covered live on television. At the end of the day a resolution proposed by Berlusconi's loyalists was put before the assembly and approved almost unanimously.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Following then, clashes between Fini and Berlusconi became even more frequent and reached their height in late July, when Fini questioned the morality of some party bigwigs under investigation.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> On 29 July 2010, the executive committee released a document (voted by 33 members out of 37) in which Fini was described as "incompatible" with the political line of the PdL and unable to perform his job of President of the Chamber of Deputies in a neutral way. Berlusconi asked Fini to step down and the executive proposed the suspension from party membership of Bocchino, Briguglio and Granata, who had harshly criticised Berlusconi and accused some party members of criminal offences.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> As response, Fini and his followers formed their own groups in both chambers under the name of <a href="/wiki/Future_and_Freedom" title="Future and Freedom">Future and Freedom</a> (FLI).<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> It was soon clear that FLI would leave the PdL and become an independent party. On 7 November, during a convention in <a href="/wiki/Bastia_Umbra" title="Bastia Umbra">Bastia Umbra</a>, Fini asked Berlusconi to step down as Prime Minister and proposed a new government including the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(2002)" title="Union of the Centre (2002)">Union of the Centre</a> (UdC).<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> A few days later, the four FLI members in the government resigned.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> On 14 December FLI voted against Berlusconi in a vote of confidence in the Chamber of Deputies, a vote won by Berlusconi by 314 to 311.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Re-organisation_and_discontents">Re-organisation and discontents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Re-organisation and discontents">edit</a>]</div> In May 2011 the party suffered a big blow in local elections. Particularly painful was the loss of Milan, Berlusconi's hometown and party stronghold, where the outgoing PdL mayor <a href="/wiki/Letizia_Moratti" title="Letizia Moratti">Letizia Moratti</a> was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Pisapia" title="Giuliano Pisapia">Giuliano Pisapia</a>, a left-wing independent close to <a href="/wiki/Nichi_Vendola" title="Nichi Vendola">Nichi Vendola</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Left_Ecology_Freedom" title="Left Ecology Freedom">Left Ecology Freedom</a> party.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angelino_Alfano_at_the_EPP_Study_Days_in_Palermo,_2011..png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Angelino_Alfano_at_the_EPP_Study_Days_in_Palermo%2C_2011..png/180px-Angelino_Alfano_at_the_EPP_Study_Days_in_Palermo%2C_2011..png" decoding="async" width="180" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Angelino_Alfano_at_the_EPP_Study_Days_in_Palermo%2C_2011..png/270px-Angelino_Alfano_at_the_EPP_Study_Days_in_Palermo%2C_2011..png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Angelino_Alfano_at_the_EPP_Study_Days_in_Palermo%2C_2011..png/360px-Angelino_Alfano_at_the_EPP_Study_Days_in_Palermo%2C_2011..png 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Angelino Alfano</a></figcaption></figure> In response to this and to crescent fibrillation within party ranks (especially among <a href="/wiki/Scajoliani" title="Scajoliani">Scajoliani</a> and ex-AN members), <a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Angelino Alfano</a>, then minister of Justice, was chosen as national secretary in charge of re-organising and renewing the party.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The appointment of 40-year-old Alfano, a former <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democrat</a> who had later been leader of FI in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, was unanimously approved by the party executive. However, economy minister <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tremonti" title="Giulio Tremonti">Giulio Tremonti</a> expressed his concerns that the nominee would "make us lose votes in the North".<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On 1 July the national council modified the party's constitution and Alfano was elected secretary with little opposition.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Alfano led the party through a huge membership drive and, on 1 November, announced that more than one million individuals had joined the party.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> He also drove the party in a Christian-democratic direction.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The factions which benefited most from the effort were those of <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Formigoni" title="Roberto Formigoni">Roberto Formigoni</a> (<a href="/wiki/Network_Italy" title="Network Italy">Network Italy</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protagonist_Italy" title="Protagonist Italy">Protagonist Italy</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Franco Frattini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberamente" title="Liberamente">Liberamente</a>). The Christian-democratization of the party and the perceived marginalisation of liberals and social democrats led some to leave the party. One of these, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Vizzini" title="Carlo Vizzini">Carlo Vizzini</a>, declared: "It seems to me that the PdL is set to become the Italian section of the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> [which already was]. I come from another tradition: I have been secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Democratic Socialist Party">PSDI</a> and I was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a>. When I joined Forza Italia there were <a href="/wiki/Italian_Liberal_Party" title="Italian Liberal Party">Liberals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Socialists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(Italy)" title="Radical Party (Italy)">Radicals</a>. Now everything has changed."<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In the midst of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurozone crisis">European sovereign debt crisis</a>, on 14 October, following calls by <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Scajola" title="Claudio Scajola">Claudio Scajola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pisanu" title="Giuseppe Pisanu">Giuseppe Pisanu</a> for a new government,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> two deputies close to Scajola, <a href="/wiki/Giustina_Destro" title="Giustina Destro">Giustina Destro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Gava" title="Fabio Gava">Fabio Gava</a>, voted against Berlusconi during a vote of confidence and left the party altogether.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> On 2 November, Destro and Gava, along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Antonione&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberto Antonione (page does not exist)">Roberto Antonione</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Stracquadanio" title="Giorgio Stracquadanio">Giorgio Stracquadanio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Bertolini" title="Isabella Bertolini">Isabella Bertolini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Pittelli" title="Giancarlo Pittelli">Giancarlo Pittelli</a> (who had left the party along with <a href="/wiki/Santo_Versace" title="Santo Versace">Santo Versace</a> in September), promoted an open letter in which they asked Berlusconi to step down.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Contextually, Antonione announced that he was leaving the party. In the following days three more deputies, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessio_Bonciani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessio Bonciani (page does not exist)">Alessio Bonciani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ida_D%27Ippolito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ida D'Ippolito (page does not exist)">Ida D'Ippolito</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gabriella_Carlucci" title="Gabriella Carlucci">Gabriella Carlucci</a>, left to join the UdC.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In three months, the PdL had lost 15 deputies and 4 senators, including the 7 deputies and 3 senators who launched <a href="/wiki/Force_of_the_South" title="Force of the South">Force of the South</a> under <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Miccich%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Gianfranco Micciché">Gianfranco Micciché</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berlusconi's_resignation">Berlusconi's resignation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Berlusconi's resignation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EPP_Summit_March_2012_(49)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/EPP_Summit_March_2012_%2849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-EPP_Summit_March_2012_%2849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/EPP_Summit_March_2012_%2849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-EPP_Summit_March_2012_%2849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/EPP_Summit_March_2012_%2849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-EPP_Summit_March_2012_%2849%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> in 2012.</figcaption></figure> On 7 November 2011 Lega Nord's then-leader <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Bossi" title="Umberto Bossi">Umberto Bossi</a> proposed <a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Angelino Alfano</a> as Berlusconi's successor.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> On 8 November, during a key vote on a financial statement in the Chamber was approved thanks to the abstention of opposition parties, but Berlusconi got just 308 votes, 8 short of an absolute majority.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-70">[70]</a> Subsequently, Berlusconi announced that he intended to step down after the passage of the budget bill.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Days of turmoil followed. Not only the party was highly divided, but its numerous factions and groups were divided too. As the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Mario_Monti" title="Mario Monti">Mario Monti</a>, an independent economist and former <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commissioner</a>, looked very likely, some in the party wanted to support the new possible government (and some even wanted to join it), while others were resolutely against and preferred an early election instead. Alfano, in his capacity of secretary, had to mediate.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Among the party's Christian democrats, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Formigoni" title="Roberto Formigoni">Roberto Formigoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Lupi" title="Maurizio Lupi">Maurizio Lupi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Fitto" title="Raffaele Fitto">Raffaele Fitto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Network_Italy" title="Network Italy">Network Italy</a>), <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Scajola" title="Claudio Scajola">Claudio Scajola</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus_Foundation" title="Christopher Columbus Foundation">Christopher Columbus Foundation</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pisanu" title="Giuseppe Pisanu">Giuseppe Pisanu</a> (hence <a href="/wiki/Pisaniani" title="Pisaniani">Pisaniani</a>) supported Monti, while <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Rotondi" title="Gianfranco Rotondi">Gianfranco Rotondi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_for_Autonomies" title="Christian Democracy for Autonomies">Christian Democracy for Autonomies</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Giovanardi" title="Carlo Giovanardi">Carlo Giovanardi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Populars" title="Liberal Populars">Liberal Populars</a>) did not. Within <a href="/wiki/Liberamente" title="Liberamente">Liberamente</a> and among the party's <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Socialists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Franco Frattini</a> (who threatened to leave the party) and <a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Cicchitto" title="Fabrizio Cicchitto">Fabrizio Cicchitto</a> were in favour, while <a href="/wiki/Mariastella_Gelmini" title="Mariastella Gelmini">Mariastella Gelmini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Romani" title="Paolo Romani">Paolo Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Sacconi" title="Maurizio Sacconi">Maurizio Sacconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Brunetta" title="Renato Brunetta">Renato Brunetta</a> and, covertly, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tremonti" title="Giulio Tremonti">Giulio Tremonti</a> were against. The vast majority of ex-AN members (<a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Gasparri" title="Maurizio Gasparri">Maurizio Gasparri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Altero_Matteoli" title="Altero Matteoli">Altero Matteoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a>, etc.) was against, while a minority (mainly <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Alemanno" title="Gianni Alemanno">Gianni Alemanno</a>) was in favour.<a href="#cite_note-Lupi-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> On 12 November Berlusconi finally tendered his resignation to President <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Giorgio Napolitano</a>. The executive of the PdL decided to support a government led by Monti under some conditions, the first being that it should not include politicians but only technocrats.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Monti_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Monti Cabinet">Monti Cabinet</a> took office on 16 November. In the subsequent votes of confidence in the two houses of Parliament, the PdL voted largely for Monti. However, some party members, including <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Martino" title="Antonio Martino">Antonio Martino</a>, Gianfranco Rotondi and <a href="/wiki/Alessandra_Mussolini" title="Alessandra Mussolini">Alessandra Mussolini</a>, deserted the party.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Subsequently, LN broke its ties with the PdL at the national level.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_general_election">2013 general election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2013 general election">edit</a>]</div> After long deliberation, on 24 October 2012, Berlusconi finally announced that he would not run again for Prime Minister in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Italian_general_election" title="2013 Italian general election">2013 Italian general election</a>. In a written press release, the PdL leader also hinted that the party would select his successor through an <a href="/wiki/Primary_election" title="Primary election">open primary</a> on 16 December.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Berlusconi, who praised Monti, seemed to aim at a new centre-right led by Monti and a PdL led by Alfano.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> On 25 November eight candidates filed the required number of signature in support of their bid: Angelino Alfano, <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Galan" title="Giancarlo Galan">Giancarlo Galan</a> (who renounced right after), <a href="/wiki/Guido_Crosetto" title="Guido Crosetto">Guido Crosetto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniela_Santanch%C3%A8" title="Daniela Santanchè">Daniela Santanchè</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michaela_Biancofiore" title="Michaela Biancofiore">Michaela Biancofiore</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giampiero_Samor%C3%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giampiero Samorì (page does not exist)">Giampiero Samorì</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Cattaneo" title="Alessandro Cattaneo">Alessandro Cattaneo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> However, on 28 November, after Berlusconi had expressed doubts on its success, the primary was cancelled altogether.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> On 6 December Alfano announced that Berlusconi would run again for Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> As soon as 12 December Berlusconi backtracked and stated that if Monti were to run for Prime Minister as the leader of a united centre-right (including also <a href="/wiki/Luca_Cordero_di_Montezemolo" title="Luca Cordero di Montezemolo">Luca Cordero di Montezemolo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Future_Italy" title="Future Italy">Future Italy</a>) he would stand aside and support him.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The move appeased the pro-Monti majority of the party, while disappointing other party wings.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> On 16 December the centrist majority of the party, consisting of several leading factions (<a href="/wiki/Liberamente" title="Liberamente">Liberamente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Network_Italy" title="Network Italy">Network Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reformism_and_Freedom" title="Reformism and Freedom">Reformism and Freedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Populars" title="Liberal Populars">Liberal Populars</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Italy_(faction)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Italy (faction)">New Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/FareItalia" title="FareItalia">FareItalia</a>, etc.), rallied in Rome under the "Popular Italy" banner: in presence of Alfano, the bulk of the party expressed its support for Monti and Berlusconi.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> On the very same day, a group of anti-Monti reformers, led by Crosetto and Meloni, organised a separate rally and espoused opposite views.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> On 17 December <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a> announced he was leaving the PdL to form "National Centre-Right", aiming at representing not just anti-Monti right-wingers, but also the liberals and Christian democrats around Crosetto.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> On 21 December La Russa's National Centre-Right and the groups around Crosetto and Meloni joined forces and formed <a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">Brothers of Italy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> To complete the picture of a highly fragmented centre-right, in the previous months there had already been two minor but significant splits from the PdL: on 3 October <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tremonti" title="Giulio Tremonti">Giulio Tremonti</a> left to form the <a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Freedom_List" title="Labour and Freedom List">Labour and Freedom List</a>, while on 22 November a group of MPs, led by <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Bertolini" title="Isabella Bertolini">Isabella Bertolini</a>, formed <a href="/wiki/Free_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Italy">Free Italy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In early January 2013, after Berlusconi had announced his return as party leader and Monti had refused to join forces with the PdL, the bulk of the party rallied again behind Berlusconi and just a few leading members, notably including <a href="/wiki/Mario_Mauro" title="Mario Mauro">Mario Mauro</a>, left to join Monti's <a href="/wiki/Civic_Choice" title="Civic Choice">Civic Choice</a> party. Most of the centre-right was regrouped around the PdL, which took part to the February general election in coalition with <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> (including the Labour and Freedom List), Brothers of Italy, <a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Italy)" title="The Right (Italy)">The Right</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_South_(Italy)" title="Great South (Italy)">Great South</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Autonomies" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for the Autonomies">Movement for the Autonomies</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Pensioners%27_Party_(Italy)" title="Pensioners' Party (Italy)">Pensioners' Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Moderates_in_Revolution" title="Moderates in Revolution">Moderates in Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Popular_Agreement" title="Popular Agreement">Popular Agreement</a>. In the election the PdL obtained 21.6% of the vote (–15.8% from 2008) and the coalition came just 0.3% short of the centre-left. After some inconclusive attempts by <a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Bersani" title="Pier Luigi Bersani">Pier Luigi Bersani</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">Democratic Party</a>, to form a government, the PdL joined <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Letta" title="Enrico Letta">Enrico Letta</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Letta_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Letta Cabinet">government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Grand_coalition" title="Grand coalition">grand coalition</a>, providing five ministers, including Angelino Alfano who was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior, two deputy ministers and several under-secretaries. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revival_of_Forza_Italia">Revival of Forza Italia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Revival of Forza Italia">edit</a>]</div> On 28 June 2013 Berlusconi announced the revival of the defunct <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a> and the transformation of PdL into a centre-right coalition.<a href="#cite_note-28_giugno_2013-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-repubblica.it-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> On 1 August 2013 Berlusconi was convicted for tax evasion and sentenced to four years of imprisonment, the last three being automatically <a href="/wiki/Pardon" title="Pardon">pardoned</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On 18 September, when discussing the enactment of a related six-year public office ban, as required by the "Severino law", the Senate committee in charge of elections refused to endorse a PdL resolution relinquishing Berlusconi's ban, as both the PD and the M5S disagreed.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> On the same day Berlusconi launched the <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">new Forza Italia</a> (FI) and pledged to stay on as its leader in any case.<a href="#cite_note-ibtimes.co.uk-104">[104]</a> The would-be PdL coalition might include the new FI, <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> and other parties. In fact, in disagreement with the new FI's <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a>, some members led by former mayor of Rome <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Alemanno" title="Gianni Alemanno">Gianni Alemanno</a>, who left the PdL in October 2013,<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> might form a <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> party modelled on the late <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a> (AN), along with <a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">Brothers of Italy</a> and other minor right-wing parties, and eventually join the coalition.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> After months of bickering within the party between "doves", supporting Letta's government, and "hawks", very critical of it, on 28 September Berlusconi asked to the five ministers of the party (<a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Angelino Alfano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Lupi" title="Maurizio Lupi">Maurizio Lupi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Quagliariello" title="Gaetano Quagliariello">Gaetano Quagliariello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Lorenzin" title="Beatrice Lorenzin">Beatrice Lorenzin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nunzia_De_Girolamo" title="Nunzia De Girolamo">Nunzia De Girolamo</a>) to resign from the government over a tax hike.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The ministers obeyed, but made clear that they dissented from the decision; Quagliariello and Lorenzin announced that they might not join the new FI, while Alfano described himself "differently berlusconiano".<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The party's moderates, mainly Christian democrats as Alfano and Lupi (<a href="/wiki/Roberto_Formigoni" title="Roberto Formigoni">Roberto Formigoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Giovanardi" title="Carlo Giovanardi">Carlo Giovanardi</a>, etc.) and social democrats (<a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Cicchitto" title="Fabrizio Cicchitto">Fabrizio Cicchitto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Sacconi" title="Maurizio Sacconi">Maurizio Sacconi</a>, etc.),<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> sided with the ministers, while the hawks led by <a href="/wiki/Daniela_Santanch%C3%A8" title="Daniela Santanchè">Daniela Santanchè</a>, most of whom liberals (<a href="/wiki/Antonio_Martino" title="Antonio Martino">Antonio Martino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Verdini" title="Denis Verdini">Denis Verdini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Galan" title="Giancarlo Galan">Giancarlo Galan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Brunetta" title="Renato Brunetta">Renato Brunetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Bondi" title="Sandro Bondi">Sandro Bondi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Ghedini" title="Niccolò Ghedini">Niccolò Ghedini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniele_Capezzone" title="Daniele Capezzone">Daniele Capezzone</a>, etc.), supported the exit from the government.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> On 2 October a confidence vote, called by Prime Minister Letta, revealed the division within party ranks, to the extent that around 70 PdL lawmakers were ready to split to support the government, in case Berlusconi and the party had decided not to do the same. Faced by this ultimatum, Berlusconi made a U-turn few minutes ahead of the vote and subsequently tried a reconciliation process within the party to avoid the split.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The outcome was a clear victory for the doves and the "ministerial faction" of the PdL, who continued to serve in the government.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Fitto" title="Raffaele Fitto">Raffaele Fitto</a>, Christian democrat and leader of the self-proclaimed "loyalists" (the party's mainstream, including <a href="/wiki/Mariastella_Gelmini" title="Mariastella Gelmini">Mariastella Gelmini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mara_Carfagna" title="Mara Carfagna">Mara Carfagna</a>, etc.), supported by Galan and Bondi, announced his disagreement with Alfano's political line and proposed a congress to decide the party's positionment,<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> while the floor leaders, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Gasparri" title="Maurizio Gasparri">Maurizio Gasparri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Altero_Matteoli" title="Altero Matteoli">Altero Matteoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Romani" title="Paolo Romani">Paolo Romani</a> and others came out as "mediators".<a href="#cite_note-Corriere-2013-10-07-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> On 25 October the PdL's executive committee voted to suspend all the party's activities and proposed the transformation of the current party into the new FI.<a href="#cite_note-FI-2013-10-25-120">[120]</a> Consequently, all the leadership roles in the PdL were temporarily revoked and a national council was summoned for 16 November.<a href="#cite_note-national_council_16/11-121">[121]</a> To approve the executive's proposal over the party's future, a 2/3 majority among voting delegates at the national council was required.<a href="#cite_note-Corriere-2013-10-26-122">[122]</a> On 16 November 2013 PdL was formally dissolved and replaced by the new FI, while a day earlier a group of dissidents, led by Alfano and including all five PdL ministers, had announced the formation of separate parliamentary groups, called <a href="/wiki/New_Centre-Right" title="New Centre-Right">New Centre-Right</a> (NCD).<a href="#cite_note-Forza_Italia_founded-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_factions">Ideology and factions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ideology and factions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva 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a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Italy" title="Category:Conservatism in Italy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154E9D; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Italy" title="Conservatism in Italy">Conservatism in Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1890).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="726" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlusconism" title="Berlusconism">Berlusconism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationalism" title="Italian nationalism">Italian nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padanian_nationalism" title="Padanian nationalism">Padanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_theory#Italian_school_of_elitism" title="Elite theory">Italian school of elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Liberismo" title="Laissez-faire">Liberismo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Bourbonism" title="Neo-Bourbonism">Neo-Bourbonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics#Italy" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#Italy" title="Right-wing populism">Populism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_values" title="Christian values">Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Italian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternalism" title="Maternalism">Maternalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitics#Contemporary_politics" title="Metapolitics">Metapolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism#Italy" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">1946 Italian institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nobility" title="Black nobility">Black nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Right" title="Historical Right">Historical Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risorgimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanfedismo" title="Sanfedismo">Sanfedismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Due" title="Propaganda Due">Propaganda Due</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Bresciani_(writer)" title="Antonio Bresciani (writer)">Bresciani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Cuoco" title="Vincenzo Cuoco">Cuoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Giannini" title="Guglielmo Giannini">Giannini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Giubilei" title="Francesco Giubilei">Giubilei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaldo_Leopardi" title="Monaldo Leopardi">Leopardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Locchi" title="Giorgio Locchi">Locchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Lombroso" title="Cesare Lombroso">Lombroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Longanesi" title="Leo Longanesi">Longanesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Margotti" title="Giacomo Margotti">Margotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indro_Montanelli" title="Indro Montanelli">Montanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Mosca" title="Gaetano Mosca">Mosca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giampiero_Mughini" title="Giampiero Mughini">Mughini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Papini" title="Giovanni Papini">Papini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Pera" title="Marcello Pera">Pera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Romano_(writer)" title="Sergio Romano (writer)">Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salandra" title="Antonio Salandra">Salandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Sogno" title="Edgardo Sogno">Sogno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Taparelli" title="Luigi Taparelli">Taparelli</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Elites" title="The Rise and Fall of the Elites">The Rise and Fall of the Elites</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Parties" title="Political Parties">Political Parties</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mind_and_Society" title="The Mind and Society">The Mind and Society</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_Against_the_Modern_World" title="Revolt Against the Modern World">Revolt Against the Modern World</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rage_and_the_Pride" title="The Rage and the Pride">The Rage and the Pride</a> (2001)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Cacciari" title="Massimo Cacciari">Cacciari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini">Fini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Forlani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Pera" title="Marcello Pera">Pera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Procaccini" title="Nicola Procaccini">Procaccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salandra" title="Antonio Salandra">Salandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Salvini" title="Matteo Salvini">Salvini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Sogno" title="Edgardo Sogno">Sogno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tatarella" title="Giuseppe Tatarella">Tatarella</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">Brothers of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coraggio_Italia" title="Coraggio Italia">Coraggio Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_and_Freedom" title="Future and Freedom">Future and Freedom</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Action" title="Identity and Action">Identity and Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lega_(political_party)" title="Lega (political party)">Lega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Nord</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchist_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchist Alliance">Monarchist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Alternative" title="Popular Alternative">Popular Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Us_with_Italy" title="Us with Italy">Us with Italy</a></li></ul> Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambiamo!" title="Cambiamo!">Cambiamo!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Man%27s_Front" title="Common Man's Front">Common Man's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatives_and_Reformists_(Italy)" title="Conservatives and Reformists (Italy)">Conservatives and Reformists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direction_Italy" title="Direction Italy">Direction Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Party_(Italy)" title="Economic Party (Italy)">Economic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Party_of_Monarchist_Unity" title="Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity">Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Nationalist_Association" title="Italian Nationalist Association">Italian Nationalist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Constitutional_Party_(Italy)" title="Liberal Constitutional Party (Italy)">Liberal Constitutional Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchist_National_Party" title="Monarchist National Party">Monarchist National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Centre-Right" title="New Centre-Right">New Centre-Right</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The People of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Monarchist_Party_(Italy)" title="People's Monarchist Party (Italy)">People's Monarchist Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FareFuturo" title="FareFuturo">FareFuturo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Subsidiarity" title="Foundation for Subsidiarity">Foundation for Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Foundation" title="Liberal Foundation">Liberal Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiavelli_Center_for_Political_and_Strategic_Studies" title="Machiavelli Center for Political and Strategic Studies">Machiavelli Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta_Foundation" title="Magna Carta Foundation">Magna Carta Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Italy_(foundation)" title="New Italy (foundation)">New Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(Italy)" title="The Republicans (Italy)">The Republicans</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annabella_(magazine)" title="Annabella (magazine)">Annabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Armonia" title="L'Armonia">L'Armonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Borghese" title="Il Borghese">Il Borghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candido_(magazine)" title="Candido (magazine)">Candido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a> (formerly)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_(magazine)" title="Epoca (magazine)">Epoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia,_Rivista_di_Studi_Geopolitici" title="Eurasia, Rivista di Studi Geopolitici">Eurasia, Rivista di Studi Geopolitici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Foglio" title="Il Foglio">Il Foglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Giornale" title="Il Giornale">Il Giornale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Italia_settimanale" title="L'Italia settimanale">L'Italia settimanale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libero_(newspaper)" title="Libero (newspaper)">Libero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secolo_d%27Italia" title="Secolo d'Italia">Secolo d'Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Verit%C3%A0" title="La Verità">La Verità</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Right" title="European New Right">European New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_crime#Italy" title="Immigration and crime">Immigrant criminality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_school_of_criminology" title="Italian school of criminology">Italian school of criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitics#Contemporary_politics" title="Metapolitics">Metapolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics of Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Italy" title="Socialism in Italy">Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_question" title="Roman question">Roman question</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/16px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/24px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Italy" title="Template:Conservatism in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Conservatism in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The PdL aimed at combining together the traditions of its two main predecessors, <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a> (FI) and <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a> (AN), as well as their smaller partners, among them <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Populars" title="Liberal Populars">Liberal Populars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_for_Autonomies" title="Christian Democracy for Autonomies">Christian Democracy for Autonomies</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Italian_Socialist_Party" title="New Italian Socialist Party">New Italian Socialist Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Reformers" title="Liberal Reformers">Liberal Reformers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_Action" title="Social Action">Social Action</a>. FI, launched in 1994 by <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>, was joined mainly by former <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democrats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Socialists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Liberal_Party" title="Italian Liberal Party">Liberals</a> who had seen their parties disappear amid the <a href="/wiki/Tangentopoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangentopoli">Tangentopoli</a> scandals. AN, successor of the post-<a href="/wiki/Italian_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Fascism">fascist</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a> (MSI), had become a respectable conservative party under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini">Gianfranco Fini</a>. FI and AN started to cooperate and were the pillars of the centre-right <a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Good_Government" title="Pole of Good Government">Pole of Good Government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Freedoms" title="Pole of Freedoms">Pole of Freedoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Freedoms" title="House of Freedoms">House of Freedoms</a> coalitions. The "Charter of Values" of the PdL underlined the "Christian" and "liberal" character of the party, presenting it as a defender of traditional values as well as of individual responsibility and self-determination. The document stressed the adherence of the party to the values and the platform of the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> (EPP), its support for <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a> and the transformation of Italy into a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] The PdL was a classic example of <a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">catch-all party</a>. The party's main cultural strains were <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">liberal conservatism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Nordsieck-6">[6]</a> but it is not to be underestimated the weight of those coming from the right-wing AN and the relevant role played by former Socialists, who were disproportionately represented in <a href="/wiki/Berlusconi_IV_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlusconi IV Cabinet">Berlusconi IV Cabinet</a>. Four leading ministers (<a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tremonti" title="Giulio Tremonti">Giulio Tremonti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Franco Frattini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Sacconi" title="Maurizio Sacconi">Maurizio Sacconi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Renato_Brunetta" title="Renato Brunetta">Renato Brunetta</a>) hailed from the old <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">PSI</a>, while another Socialist, <a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Cicchitto" title="Fabrizio Cicchitto">Fabrizio Cicchitto</a>, was the party leader in the Chamber of Deputies.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> This is not to say that all former Socialists were actually social democrats; for instance, while Tremonti was an outspoken critic of <a href="/wiki/Globalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Globalisation">globalisation</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> and is not enthusiastic about <a href="/wiki/Labour_market_flexibility" title="Labour market flexibility">labour market flexibility</a>,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Brunetta was a free-market liberal<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> and frequently clashed with Tremonti over economic and fiscal policy.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Moreover, internal alliances were often not consistent with the previous affiliation of party members. On issues such as <a href="/wiki/End-of-life_care" title="End-of-life care">end of life</a>, Sacconi, a former Socialist who still claimed to be a social democrat, sided with the party's Christian democrats and the social-conservative wing of the former AN, while several members hailing from the MSI found themselves in alliance with the liberal wing of the former FI. This is no surprise, as the late MSI also had a strong <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secular</a> tradition, while FI was home to both social conservatives and uncompromising social liberals. On the economy, ex-FI Tremonti was often at odds with ex-FI liberals like <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Martino" title="Antonio Martino">Antonio Martino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Della_Vedova" title="Benedetto Della Vedova">Benedetto Della Vedova</a>,<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> and was attacked by <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Galan" title="Giancarlo Galan">Giancarlo Galan</a> for being a "socialist".<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Traditional values and the <a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">social market economy</a> grew of importance in the rhetoric of the new party, partly replacing the <a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">small government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_libertarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic libertarian">economic libertarian</a> ideals expressed by FI. In this respect, Sacconi summarised the economic propositions of the PdL with the slogan "less state, more society";<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> however, in the PdL there was still some room for <a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a>, with Berlusconi often making the case for lower taxes and Tremonti for <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">deregulation</a> and against <a href="/wiki/Red_tape" title="Red tape">red tape</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factions_(as_of_November_2011)">Factions (as of November 2011)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Factions (as of November 2011)">edit</a>]</div> The party was home to a wide range of factions, groups and associate parties, whose ideology ranged from <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a> to <a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">national conservatism</a>. As of November 2011, the factions, listed by political ideology, were as follows: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democrats</a>. The core of the former <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a> (FI) plus some minor groups (<a href="/wiki/Network_Italy" title="Network Italy">Network Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scajoliani" title="Scajoliani">Scajoliani</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus_Foundation" title="Christopher Columbus Foundation">Christopher Columbus Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pisaniani" title="Pisaniani">Pisaniani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_for_Autonomies" title="Christian Democracy for Autonomies">Christian Democracy for Autonomies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Populars" title="Liberal Populars">Liberal Populars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformists" title="Christian Reformists">Christian Reformists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Christian_Populars" title="Federation of Christian Populars">Federation of Christian Populars</a>, and a plethora of local groups). Many party members hailed from the late <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a>: they included <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Formigoni" title="Roberto Formigoni">Roberto Formigoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Schifani" title="Renato Schifani">Renato Schifani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Scajola" title="Claudio Scajola">Claudio Scajola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Angelino Alfano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Mauro" title="Mario Mauro">Mario Mauro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Lupi" title="Maurizio Lupi">Maurizio Lupi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberal</a>-<a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrists</a>. Various groups (<a href="/wiki/Liberamente" title="Liberamente">Liberamente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tremontiani" title="Tremontiani">Tremontiani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna Carta (Italy)">Magna Carta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dellutriani" title="Dellutriani">Dellutriani</a>) presided the centre of the party. Liberamente, led by <a href="/wiki/Mariastella_Gelmini" title="Mariastella Gelmini">Mariastella Gelmini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Franco Frattini</a>, represented the bulk of FI, being composed by liberal loyalists of Berlusconi, and was probably the single largest faction within the party.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberals</a>. The liberal factions of the former FI (<a href="/wiki/Free_Foundation" title="Free Foundation">Free Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Liberalism" title="Popular Liberalism">Popular Liberalism</a>) plus some new groupings (mainly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Countercurrent_(PdL_faction,_Italy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Countercurrent (PdL faction, Italy) (page does not exist)">Countercurrent</a>). Leading liberals within PdL ranks were <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Martino" title="Antonio Martino">Antonio Martino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Costa" title="Raffaele Costa">Raffaele Costa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Galan" title="Giancarlo Galan">Giancarlo Galan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniele_Capezzone" title="Daniele Capezzone">Daniele Capezzone</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democrats</a>. The social democrats of the former FI, their organisations (<a href="/wiki/Reformism_and_Freedom" title="Reformism and Freedom">Reformism and Freedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/We_Reformers" title="We Reformers">We Reformers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Reformists" title="Italian Reformists">Italian Reformists</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Reformists" title="European Reformists">European Reformists</a>), plus the <a href="/wiki/New_Italian_Socialist_Party" title="New Italian Socialist Party">New Italian Socialist Party</a>. Notably, several leading members of the party started their political career in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a> and some of them still identified themselves as Socialists as members of the PdL: Franco Frattini, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tremonti" title="Giulio Tremonti">Giulio Tremonti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Sacconi" title="Maurizio Sacconi">Maurizio Sacconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Brunetta" title="Renato Brunetta">Renato Brunetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Cicchitto" title="Fabrizio Cicchitto">Fabrizio Cicchitto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Caldoro" title="Stefano Caldoro">Stefano Caldoro</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatives</a>. The bulk of the former <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a> (AN)'s main factions (<a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_(Italy)" title="New Alliance (Italy)">New Alliance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protagonist_Right" title="Protagonist Right">Protagonist Right</a>), as well as people from other parties; <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Gasparri" title="Maurizio Gasparri">Maurizio Gasparri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a> re-organised their faction into <a href="/wiki/Protagonist_Italy" title="Protagonist Italy">Protagonist Italy</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Altero_Matteoli" title="Altero Matteoli">Altero Matteoli</a> launched the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_Freedom" title="Foundation of Freedom">Foundation of Freedom</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatives</a>. The right-wing of the former AN, which was represented by several groups (<a href="/wiki/New_Italy_(faction)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Italy (faction)">New Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Italy" title="Movement for Italy">Movement for Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Right" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Right">Libertarian Right</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">Grassroots</a>. Centre-right clubs in the tradition of the early FI (<a href="/wiki/Promoters_of_Freedom" title="Promoters of Freedom">Promoters of Freedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Club_of_Freedom" title="Club of Freedom">National Association Club of Freedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Club_of_Freedom_(2009)" title="Club of Freedom (2009)">Club of Freedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clubs_of_Good_Government" title="Clubs of Good Government">Clubs of Good Government</a>).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Factions_of_The_People_of_Freedom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_Freedom_factions" title="Template:People of Freedom factions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People_of_Freedom_factions" title="Template talk:People of Freedom factions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People_of_Freedom_factions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People of Freedom factions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Factions_of_The_People_of_Freedom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Factions of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">The People of Freedom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Social democrats (<a href="/wiki/Reformism_and_Freedom" title="Reformism and Freedom">Reformism and Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Reformers" title="We Reformers">We Reformers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Reformists" title="European Reformists">European Reformists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Italy_(2004)" title="Young Italy (2004)">Young Italy</a>) – Christian democrats (<a href="/wiki/Network_Italy" title="Network Italy">Network Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus_Foundation" title="Christopher Columbus Foundation">Christopher Columbus Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformists" title="Christian Reformists">Christian Reformists</a>) – liberal centrists (<a href="/wiki/Liberamente" title="Liberamente">Liberamente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta_Foundation" title="Magna Carta Foundation">Magna Carta</a>) – liberals (<a href="/wiki/Countercurrent_(Italy,_2011)" title="Countercurrent (Italy, 2011)">Countercurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Foundation" title="Free Foundation">Free Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Liberal_Right" title="Italian Liberal Right">Italian Liberal Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertiamo" title="Libertiamo">Libertiamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Army" title="Freedom Army">Freedom Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoters_of_Freedom" title="Promoters of Freedom">Promoters of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Freedom" title="Club of Freedom">Club of Freedom (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Freedom_(2009)" title="Club of Freedom (2009)">Club of Freedom (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubs_of_Good_Government" title="Clubs of Good Government">Clubs of Good Government</a>) – liberal conservatives (<a href="/wiki/Generation_Italy" title="Generation Italy">Generation Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagonist_Italy" title="Protagonist Italy">Protagonist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_Freedom" title="Foundation of Freedom">Foundation of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Space_(Italy)" title="Open Space (Italy)">Open Space</a>) – national conservatives (<a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Right" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Right">Libertarian Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Right" title="Our Right">Our Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Italy_(foundation)" title="New Italy (foundation)">New Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Area" title="National Area">National Area</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_for_Autonomies" title="Christian Democracy for Autonomies">Christian Democracy for Autonomies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Christian_Populars" title="Federation of Christian Populars">Christian Populars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Populars" title="Liberal Populars">Liberal Populars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Italian_Socialist_Party" title="New Italian Socialist Party">New Italian Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_for_Europe" title="Union of Democrats for Europe">Union of Democrats for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scajoliani" title="Scajoliani">Scajoliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisaniani" title="Pisaniani">Pisaniani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremontiani" title="Tremontiani">Tremontiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finiani" title="Finiani">Finiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dellutriani" title="Dellutriani">Dellutriani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factions_(as_of_October_2013)">Factions (as of October 2013)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Factions (as of October 2013)">edit</a>]</div> A part from the above-mention factions, from 2013 four broad groupings were distinguishable:<a href="#cite_note-Corriere-2013-10-07-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <ul><li>Doves (colombe). These <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrists</a>, mainly <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democrats</a>, favoured a greater autonomy of the party from <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>, supported the <a href="/wiki/Letta_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Letta Cabinet">Letta Cabinet</a> and lead the party from the minority. The doves included <a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Angelino Alfano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Lupi" title="Maurizio Lupi">Maurizio Lupi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Quagliariello" title="Gaetano Quagliariello">Gaetano Quagliariello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Lorenzin" title="Beatrice Lorenzin">Beatrice Lorenzin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunzia_De_Girolamo" title="Nunzia De Girolamo">Nunzia De Girolamo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Cicchitto" title="Fabrizio Cicchitto">Fabrizio Cicchitto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Formigoni" title="Roberto Formigoni">Roberto Formigoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Giovanardi" title="Carlo Giovanardi">Carlo Giovanardi</a>, and, to some extent, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Schifani" title="Renato Schifani">Renato Schifani</a>.</li> <li>Mediators (mediatori). These centrists, including <a href="/wiki/Renato_Brunetta" title="Renato Brunetta">Renato Brunetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Gasparri" title="Maurizio Gasparri">Maurizio Gasparri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Altero_Matteoli" title="Altero Matteoli">Altero Matteoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Romani" title="Paolo Romani">Paolo Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Bonaiuti" title="Paolo Bonaiuti">Paolo Bonaiuti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michela_Vittoria_Brambilla" title="Michela Vittoria Brambilla">Michela Vittoria Brambilla</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osvaldo_Napoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osvaldo Napoli (page does not exist)">Osvaldo Napoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Caldoro" title="Stefano Caldoro">Stefano Caldoro</a>, favoured party unity above everything else.</li> <li>Loyalists (lealisti). These supporters of Berlusconi and of the original <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a>, including most of the party's <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">liberal conservatives</a> and many Christian democrats, opposed Alfano's line. The loyalists included <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Fitto" title="Raffaele Fitto">Raffaele Fitto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mara_Carfagna" title="Mara Carfagna">Mara Carfagna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariastella_Gelmini" title="Mariastella Gelmini">Mariastella Gelmini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Mantovani" title="Mario Mantovani">Mario Mantovani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Nitto_Palma" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Nitto Palma">Francesco Nitto Palma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renata_Polverini" title="Renata Polverini">Renata Polverini</a>.</li> <li>Hawks (falchi). These hard-line liberals, including <a href="/wiki/Denis_Verdini" title="Denis Verdini">Denis Verdini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniela_Santanch%C3%A8" title="Daniela Santanchè">Daniela Santanchè</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Galan" title="Giancarlo Galan">Giancarlo Galan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Bondi" title="Sandro Bondi">Sandro Bondi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Ghedini" title="Niccolò Ghedini">Niccolò Ghedini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniele_Capezzone" title="Daniele Capezzone">Daniele Capezzone</a>, are the most loyal supporters of Berlusconi and repeatedly tried to convince him to bring down Letta's government. Most of them could have been considered "loyalists" too.</li></ul> On 15 November, the day before the PdL's dissolution in the new FI, the "doves" left the party to form the <a href="/wiki/New_Centre-Right" title="New Centre-Right">New Centre-Right</a> party. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associate_parties">Associate parties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Associate parties">edit</a>]</div> The PdL granted financial support to several minor parties of the centre-right. They contributed one million Euros to the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(Italy)" title="Liberal Democrats (Italy)">Liberal Democrats</a> whose deputies were elected on the PdL list in 2008, and left the government camp after some months but returned in April 2011. Other parties who received payments from PdL were the <a href="/wiki/Force_of_the_South" title="Force of the South">Force of the South</a> (€300,000), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Democracy_for_Campania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Democracy for Campania (page does not exist)">Christian Democracy for Campania</a> (€144,000), <a href="/wiki/Social_Action" title="Social Action">Social Action</a> (€100,000), <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_for_Autonomies" title="Christian Democracy for Autonomies">Christian Democracy for Autonomies</a> (€96,000), the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_Centre_(Italy)" title="Alliance of the Centre (Italy)">Alliance of the Centre</a> (€80,000), the <a href="/wiki/Movement_of_National_Responsibility" title="Movement of National Responsibility">Movement of National Responsibility</a> (€49,000) and the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Christian_Populars" title="Federation of Christian Populars">Federation of Christian Populars</a> (€40,000).<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_support">Popular support</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Popular support">edit</a>]</div> The PdL had its strongholds in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a>, especially in <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, but its power base included also two regions of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a>, where the party however suffered the competition of <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a>, which controlled the governorships of <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>, Lombardy and Veneto. The regions governed by a PdL governor in 2013 were just four (Campania, <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>), far less than the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">Democratic Party</a> and its allies, which controlled twelve. In the <a href="/wiki/2008_Italian_general_election" title="2008 Italian general election">2008 Italian general election</a>, the party scored over 40% in Campania (49.1%), in Sicily (46.6%), Apulia (45.6%), <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> (43.5%), and Calabria (41.2%). In the <a href="/wiki/2013_Italian_general_election" title="2013 Italian general election">2013 Italian general election</a>, in which the PdL suffered a dramatic loss of votes, the party ran stronger in Campania (29.0%), Apulia (28.9%), and Sicily (26.5%). The electoral results of the PdL in the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">regions of Italy</a> are shown in the table below. As the party was launched in 2007, the electoral results from 1994 to 2006 refer to the combined result of the two main precursor parties, <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a>. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td></td> <td>1994 general</td> <td>1995 regional</td> <td>1996 general</td> <td>1999 European</td> <td>2000 regional</td> <td>2001 general</td> <td>2004 European</td> <td>2005 regional</td> <td>2006 general</td> <td>2008 general</td> <td>2009 European</td> <td>2010 regional</td> <td>2013 general </td></tr> <tr> <td>Piedmont</td> <td>34.8</td> <td>37.9</td> <td>33.8</td> <td>36.8</td> <td>42.7</td> <td>41.2</td> <td>31.0</td> <td>31.9</td> <td>35.8</td> <td>34.3</td> <td>32.4</td> <td>25.0</td> <td>19.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lombardy</td> <td>31.8</td> <td>39.5</td> <td>32.6</td> <td>36.5</td> <td>43.6</td> <td>40.9</td> <td>32.9</td> <td>34.7</td> <td>37.3</td> <td>33.5</td> <td>34.4</td> <td>31.8</td> <td>20.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Veneto</td> <td>31.4</td> <td>34.7</td> <td>28.8</td> <td>34.3</td> <td>40.2</td> <td>40.5</td> <td>33.6</td> <td>30.8</td> <td>35.8</td> <td>27.4</td> <td>29.3</td> <td>24.7</td> <td>18.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Emilia-Romagna</td> <td>25.5</td> <td>28.5</td> <td>26.6</td> <td>29.0</td> <td>32.6</td> <td>33.5</td> <td>28.2</td> <td>27.1</td> <td>28.8</td> <td>28.6</td> <td>27.4</td> <td>24.6</td> <td>16.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tuscany</td> <td>27.3</td> <td>32.2</td> <td>30.1</td> <td>30.4</td> <td>35.2</td> <td>34.7</td> <td>28.7</td> <td>27.9</td> <td>29.5</td> <td>31.6</td> <td>31.4</td> <td>27.1</td> <td>17.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lazio</td> <td>45.8</td> <td>43.5</td> <td>45.0</td> <td>40.9</td> <td>44.6</td> <td>46.8</td> <td>35.9</td> <td>39.3</td> <td>40.0</td> <td>43.5</td> <td>42.7</td> <td>38.2<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></td> <td>22.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Campania</td> <td>40.2</td> <td>37.2</td> <td>42.1</td> <td>35.9</td> <td>32.1</td> <td>46.9</td> <td>32.7</td> <td>22.5</td> <td>39.8</td> <td>49.1</td> <td>43.5</td> <td>31.7</td> <td>29.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apulia</td> <td>27.3<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></td> <td>41.1</td> <td>42.5</td> <td>40.7</td> <td>44.2</td> <td>45.4</td> <td>36.4</td> <td>38.9</td> <td>40.5</td> <td>45.6</td> <td>43.2</td> <td>31.1</td> <td>28.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Calabria</td> <td>36.2</td> <td>36.0</td> <td>41.7</td> <td>31.6</td> <td>28.7</td> <td>40.9</td> <td>28.5</td> <td>19.9</td> <td>31.7</td> <td>41.2</td> <td>34.9</td> <td>36.3<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></td> <td>23.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sicily</td> <td>47.6</td> <td>31.2 (1996)</td> <td>48.6</td> <td>38.9</td> <td>36.4 (2001)</td> <td>47.4</td> <td>36.0</td> <td>29.8 (2006)</td> <td>40.0</td> <td>46.6</td> <td>36.4</td> <td>33.4 (2008)</td> <td>26.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ITALY</td> <td>34.5</td> <td>-</td> <td>35.8</td> <td>35.5</td> <td>-</td> <td>41.1</td> <td>32.3</td> <td>-</td> <td>36.0</td> <td>37.4</td> <td>35.3</td> <td>-</td> <td>21.6 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_results">Electoral results</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Electoral results">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_Parliament">Italian Parliament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Italian Parliament">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Leader </th> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </th> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes</th> <th>%</th> <th>Seats</th> <th>+/–</th> <th>Position</th> <th>Votes</th> <th>%</th> <th>Seats</th> <th>+/–</th> <th>Position </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_Italian_general_election" title="2008 Italian general election">2008</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> </td> <td>13,629,096</td> <td>37.4</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">276 / 630<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>New</td> <td>1st </td> <td>12,678,790</td> <td>38.0</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">146 / 315<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>New</td> <td>1st </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2013_Italian_general_election" title="2013 Italian general election">2013</a> </th> <td>7,332,667</td> <td>21.6</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">98 / 630<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 178</td> <td>3rd </td> <td>6,829,135</td> <td>22.3</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">98 / 315<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 47</td> <td>3rd </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: European Parliament">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election</th> <th>Leader</th> <th>Votes</th> <th>%</th> <th>Seats</th> <th>+/–</th> <th>Position </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2009 European Parliament election in Italy">2009</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> </td> <td>10,807,794</td> <td>35.3</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">29 / 72<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td>New</td> <td>1st </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Leadership">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>President: <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> (2008–2013)</li> <li>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Angelino Alfano</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li>Coordinator: <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Bondi" title="Sandro Bondi">Sandro Bondi</a> (2009–2013), <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a> (2009–2012), <a href="/wiki/Denis_Verdini" title="Denis Verdini">Denis Verdini</a> (2009–2013) <ul><li>Organisation Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Lupi" title="Maurizio Lupi">Maurizio Lupi</a> (2009–2013), <a href="/wiki/Daniela_Santanch%C3%A8" title="Daniela Santanchè">Daniela Santanchè</a> (2013)</li> <li>Spokesperson: <a href="/wiki/Daniele_Capezzone" title="Daniele Capezzone">Daniele Capezzone</a> (2009–2013)</li></ul></li> <li>Party Leader in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Cicchitto" title="Fabrizio Cicchitto">Fabrizio Cicchitto</a> (2008–2013), <a href="/wiki/Renato_Brunetta" title="Renato Brunetta">Renato Brunetta</a> (2013)</li> <li>Party Leader in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Gasparri" title="Maurizio Gasparri">Maurizio Gasparri</a> (2008–2013), <a href="/wiki/Renato_Schifani" title="Renato Schifani">Renato Schifani</a> (2013)</li> <li>Party Leader in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Mauro" title="Mario Mauro">Mario Mauro</a> (2009–2013), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_La_Via&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni La Via (page does not exist)">Giovanni La Via</a> (2013)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Symbols">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_People_of_Freedom_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo"><img alt="Official logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/The_People_of_Freedom_logo.png/120px-The_People_of_Freedom_logo.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/The_People_of_Freedom_logo.png/180px-The_People_of_Freedom_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/The_People_of_Freedom_logo.png/240px-The_People_of_Freedom_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="315" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Official logo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:People_of_Freedom_logo.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Electoral logo"><img alt="Electoral logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/People_of_Freedom_logo.PNG/119px-People_of_Freedom_logo.PNG" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/People_of_Freedom_logo.PNG/178px-People_of_Freedom_logo.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/People_of_Freedom_logo.PNG/238px-People_of_Freedom_logo.PNG 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="353" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Electoral logo</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">List of political parties in Italy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-archiviostorico.corriere.it-1"><a href="#cite_ref-archiviostorico.corriere.it_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/25/Primarie_nuovo_nome_Alfano_ridisegna_co_9_111125039.shtml">""Primarie e nuovo nome" Alfano ridisegna il Pdl"</a>. Corriere. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere&rft.atitle=%22Primarie+e+nuovo+nome%22+Alfano+ridisegna+il+Pdl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F25%2FPrimarie_nuovo_nome_Alfano_ridisegna_co_9_111125039.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lupi-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lupi_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lupi_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/11/all_emergenza_Nel_programma_punti_co_9_111111016.shtml">"Sì all' emergenza Nel programma i 39 punti della Bce"</a>. Corriere. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere&rft.atitle=S%C3%AC+all%27+emergenza+Nel+programma+i+39+punti+della+Bce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F11%2Fall_emergenza_Nel_programma_punti_co_9_111111016.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2012/03/15/tessere-fantasm-pdl-tagliati-iscritti-cerano-anche-stranieri-clandestini/197456/">"Tessere fantasma nel Pdl, tagliati 100 iscritti. "C'erano anche clandestini dei Cie""</a>. Il Fatto Quotidiano. 15 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Il+Fatto+Quotidiano&rft.atitle=Tessere+fantasma+nel+Pdl%2C+tagliati+100+iscritti.+%22C%27erano+anche+clandestini+dei+Cie%22&rft.date=2012-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilfattoquotidiano.it%2F2012%2F03%2F15%2Ftessere-fantasm-pdl-tagliati-iscritti-cerano-anche-stranieri-clandestini%2F197456%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStella" class="citation web cs1">Stella, Gian Antonio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corriere.it/politica/12_marzo_15/stella-voti-contesi-tessere-fantasma_fd993978-6e65-11e1-850b-8beb09a51954.shtml">"Voti contesi e tessere fantasma È l'Italia dei brogli (bipartisan)"</a>. 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Corriere della Sera. 10 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Fini%3A+il+Vassallum%3F+Truffa+L%27+ira+di+Forza+Italia&rft.date=2007-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2007%2Fdicembre%2F10%2FFini_Vassallum_Truffa_ira_Forza_co_9_071210045.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2008/gennaio/26/Berlusconi_altri_anni_Faro_staffetta_co_9_080126025.shtml">"Berlusconi: altri 5 anni? Farò staffetta come Blair"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 26 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Berlusconi%3A+altri+5+anni%3F+Far%C3%B2+staffetta+come+Blair&rft.date=2008-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2008%2Fgennaio%2F26%2FBerlusconi_altri_anni_Faro_staffetta_co_9_080126025.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2008/febbraio/09/Berlusconi_unite_ultimatum_all_Udc_co_9_080209017.shtml">"Berlusconi: FI e An unite E dà l' ultimatum all' Udc"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 9 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Berlusconi%3A+FI+e+An+unite+E+d%C3%A0+l%27+ultimatum+all%27+Udc&rft.date=2008-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2008%2Ffebbraio%2F09%2FBerlusconi_unite_ultimatum_all_Udc_co_9_080209017.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europe-politique.eu/parlement-europeen-2009.htm">"Parlement Européen 2009"</a>. Europe-politique. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parlement+Europ%C3%A9en+2009&rft.pub=Europe-politique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europe-politique.eu%2Fparlement-europeen-2009.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/febbraio/21/Fini_candidato_ideale_Gelo_Russa_co_9_090221015.shtml">""Fini, candidato ideale pd" Gelo di La Russa e Gasparri"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 21 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=%22Fini%2C+candidato+ideale+pd%22+Gelo+di+La+Russa+e+Gasparri&rft.date=2009-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Ffebbraio%2F21%2FFini_candidato_ideale_Gelo_Russa_co_9_090221015.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/maggio/19/Affondo_Fini_leggi_orientate_dalla_co_9_090519042.shtml">"Affondo di Fini: no a leggi orientate dalla fede"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 19 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Affondo+di+Fini%3A+no+a+leggi+orientate+dalla+fede&rft.date=2009-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fmaggio%2F19%2FAffondo_Fini_leggi_orientate_dalla_co_9_090519042.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/settembre/13/Fini_nuovo_duello_con_Senatur_co_8_090913007.shtml">"Fini, nuovo duello con il Senatur "Il vero suicidio è negare i diritti""</a>. Corriere della Sera. 13 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Fini%2C+nuovo+duello+con+il+Senatur+%22Il+vero+suicidio+%C3%A8+negare+i+diritti%22&rft.date=2009-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fsettembre%2F13%2FFini_nuovo_duello_con_Senatur_co_8_090913007.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/settembre/19/Berlusconi_Fini_faccia_faccia_dopo_co_9_090919013.shtml">"Berlusconi-Fini Un faccia a faccia dopo lo scontro"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 19 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Berlusconi-Fini+Un+faccia+a+faccia+dopo+lo+scontro&rft.date=2009-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fsettembre%2F19%2FBerlusconi_Fini_faccia_faccia_dopo_co_9_090919013.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/settembre/20/Dubbi_nella_maggioranza_sullo_stop_co_9_090920008.shtml">"Dubbi nella maggioranza sullo stop alla par condicio"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 20 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Dubbi+nella+maggioranza+sullo+stop+alla+par+condicio&rft.date=2009-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fsettembre%2F20%2FDubbi_nella_maggioranza_sullo_stop_co_9_090920008.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/settembre/16/premier_consegna_prime_case_Poi_co_8_090916015.shtml">"Il premier consegna le prime case Poi l' attacco in tv"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 16 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+premier+consegna+le+prime+case+Poi+l%27+attacco+in+tv&rft.date=2009-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fsettembre%2F16%2Fpremier_consegna_prime_case_Poi_co_8_090916015.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iss.it/binary/sibi/cont/libero2242010.pdf">"Immigrati e bioetica"</a> (PDF). Libero. 22 April 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Libero&rft.atitle=Immigrati+e+bioetica&rft.date=2010-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iss.it%2Fbinary%2Fsibi%2Fcont%2Flibero2242010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVittorio_Macioce2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vittorio Macioce (23 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilgiornale.it/interni/fini_e_quellossessione_nord/23-04-2010/articolo-id=439824-page=0-comments=1">"Fini e quell'ossessione per il Nord"</a>. Il Giornale (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Giornale&rft.atitle=Fini+e+quell%27ossessione+per+il+Nord&rft.date=2010-04-23&rft.au=Vittorio+Macioce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilgiornale.it%2Finterni%2Ffini_e_quellossessione_nord%2F23-04-2010%2Farticolo-id%3D439824-page%3D0-comments%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/settembre/12/Nel_suo_fortino_Secolo_Con_co_9_090912019.shtml">"Nel suo "fortino" al Secolo "Con lui, è un leader europeo""</a>. Corriere della Sera. 12 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Nel+suo+%22fortino%22+al+Secolo+%22Con+lui%2C+%C3%A8+un+leader+europeo%22&rft.date=2009-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fsettembre%2F12%2FNel_suo_fortino_Secolo_Con_co_9_090912019.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/settembre/09/gelo_degli_colonnelli_sul_leader_co_8_090909014.shtml">"Il gelo degli "ex" colonnelli sul leader"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 9 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+gelo+degli+%22ex%22+colonnelli+sul+leader&rft.date=2009-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fsettembre%2F09%2Fgelo_degli_colonnelli_sul_leader_co_8_090909014.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/dicembre/04/colonnelli_gelo_con_leader_Alemanno_co_9_091204021.shtml">"I "colonnelli" e il gelo con l' ex leader Alemanno e Matteoli lontani Gasparri: è cambiato lui, non-io"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 4 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=I+%22colonnelli%22+e+il+gelo+con+l%27+ex+leader+Alemanno+e+Matteoli+lontani+Gasparri%3A+%C3%A8+cambiato+lui%2C+non-io&rft.date=2009-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fdicembre%2F04%2Fcolonnelli_gelo_con_leader_Alemanno_co_9_091204021.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/marzo/30/Fine_vita_Bondi_apre_laici_co_9_090330010.shtml">"Fine vita, Bondi apre. E i laici: ora si cambi la legge"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 30 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Fine+vita%2C+Bondi+apre.+E+i+laici%3A+ora+si+cambi+la+legge&rft.date=2009-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fmarzo%2F30%2FFine_vita_Bondi_apre_laici_co_9_090330010.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/marzo/15/Via_Generazione_Italia_nuova_associazione_co_9_100315008.shtml">"Via a Generazione Italia la nuova associazione "benedetta" da Fini"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 15 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Via+a+Generazione+Italia+la+nuova+associazione+%22benedetta%22+da+Fini&rft.date=2010-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Fmarzo%2F15%2FVia_Generazione_Italia_nuova_associazione_co_9_100315008.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819203251/http://lastampa.it/redazione/cmsSezioni/politica/201004articoli/54276girata.asp">"Pdl, Fini forma la sua corrente "Berlusconi accetti il dissenso""</a>. La Stampa. 20 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lastampa.it/redazione/cmsSezioni/politica/201004articoli/54276girata.asp">the original</a> on 19 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Stampa&rft.atitle=Pdl%2C+Fini+forma+la+sua+corrente+%22Berlusconi+accetti+il+dissenso%22&rft.date=2010-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flastampa.it%2Fredazione%2FcmsSezioni%2Fpolitica%2F201004articoli%2F54276girata.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819202714/http://lastampa.it/redazione/cmsSezioni/politica/201004articoli/54265girata.asp">"E nasce un Correntone ex An contro Gianfranco"</a>. La Stampa. 20 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lastampa.it/redazione/cmsSezioni/politica/201004articoli/54265girata.asp">the original</a> on 19 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Stampa&rft.atitle=E+nasce+un+Correntone+ex+An+contro+Gianfranco&rft.date=2010-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flastampa.it%2Fredazione%2FcmsSezioni%2Fpolitica%2F201004articoli%2F54265girata.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/aprile/23/sfida_del_cofondatore_Non_sono_co_8_100423002.shtml">"La sfida del cofondatore "Non sono un dipendente Sarà lui a bruciarsi""</a>. Corriere della Sera. 23 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=La+sfida+del+cofondatore+%22Non+sono+un+dipendente+Sar%C3%A0+lui+a+bruciarsi%22&rft.date=2010-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Faprile%2F23%2Fsfida_del_cofondatore_Non_sono_co_8_100423002.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilgiornale.it/interni/fini_chi_e_indagato_lasci_lincarico_le_leggi_non_servano_salvare_furbi/politica-pdl-berlusconi-fini-giustizia-granata-legalita-probiviri-dell_utri-cosentino-verdini/26-07-2010/articolo-id=463524-page=0-comments=1">"Fini: "Chi è indagato lasci l'incarico Le leggi non-servano a salvare i furbi""</a>. Il Giornale. 26 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Giornale&rft.atitle=Fini%3A+%22Chi+%C3%A8+indagato+lasci+l%27incarico+Le+leggi+non-servano+a+salvare+i+furbi%22&rft.date=2010-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilgiornale.it%2Finterni%2Ffini_chi_e_indagato_lasci_lincarico_le_leggi_non_servano_salvare_furbi%2Fpolitica-pdl-berlusconi-fini-giustizia-granata-legalita-probiviri-dell_utri-cosentino-verdini%2F26-07-2010%2Farticolo-id%3D463524-page%3D0-comments%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2010/07/29/news/pdl_il_documento_dell_ufficio_di_presidenza-5938625/?ref=HREA-1">"Pdl, il documento dell'Ufficio di Presidenza"</a>. Repubblica. 29 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Repubblica&rft.atitle=Pdl%2C+il+documento+dell%27Ufficio+di+Presidenza&rft.date=2010-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.repubblica.it%2Fpolitica%2F2010%2F07%2F29%2Fnews%2Fpdl_il_documento_dell_ufficio_di_presidenza-5938625%2F%3Fref%3DHREA-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/luglio/31/Via_gruppi_finiani_Qualche_difficolta_co_8_100731003.shtml">"Via ai gruppi finiani "Qualche difficoltà ma numeri importanti""</a>. Corriere della Sera. 31 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Via+ai+gruppi+finiani+%22Qualche+difficolt%C3%A0+ma+numeri+importanti%22&rft.date=2010-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Fluglio%2F31%2FVia_gruppi_finiani_Qualche_difficolta_co_8_100731003.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/agosto/01/Previsioni_sbagliate_sui_numeri_nel_co_8_100801004.shtml">"Previsioni sbagliate sui numeri: nel mirino le fedelissime"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Previsioni+sbagliate+sui+numeri%3A+nel+mirino+le+fedelissime&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Fagosto%2F01%2FPrevisioni_sbagliate_sui_numeri_nel_co_8_100801004.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/agosto/02/Finiani_pronto_gruppo_anche_Senato_co_9_100802014.shtml">"Finiani, pronto il gruppo anche al Senato"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 1 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Finiani%2C+pronto+il+gruppo+anche+al+Senato&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Fagosto%2F02%2FFiniani_pronto_gruppo_anche_Senato_co_9_100802014.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/16743353">"Italy's political crisis: A FLI in his ear"</a>. The Economist. 5 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Italy%27s+political+crisis%3A+A+FLI+in+his+ear&rft.date=2010-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F16743353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/novembre/08/Fini_premier_dimetta_noi_lasceremo_co_8_101108064.shtml">"Fini: "Il premier si dimetta o noi lasceremo il governo""</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Fini%3A+%22Il+premier+si+dimetta+o+noi+lasceremo+il+governo%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Fnovembre%2F08%2FFini_premier_dimetta_noi_lasceremo_co_8_101108064.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/novembre/16/finiani_fuori_dal_governo_Duello_co_9_101116035.shtml">"I finiani fuori dal governo Duello sul voto di fiducia"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 16 November 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=I+finiani+fuori+dal+governo+Duello+sul+voto+di+fiducia&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Fnovembre%2F16%2Ffiniani_fuori_dal_governo_Duello_co_9_101116035.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/novembre/17/Dal_Pdl_Fli_andata_ritorno_co_8_101117015.shtml">"Dal Pdl a Fli, andata e ritorno Angeli: vedrò il Cavaliere"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 17 November 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Dal+Pdl+a+Fli%2C+andata+e+ritorno+Angeli%3A+vedr%C3%B2+il+Cavaliere&rft.date=2010-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Fnovembre%2F17%2FDal_Pdl_Fli_andata_ritorno_co_8_101117015.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/dicembre/15/Sfida_Aula_governo_passa_per_co_9_101215011.shtml">"Sfida in Aula, il governo passa per tre voti"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Sfida+in+Aula%2C+il+governo+passa+per+tre+voti&rft.date=2010-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Fdicembre%2F15%2FSfida_Aula_governo_passa_per_co_9_101215011.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/newsbook/2011/05/italys_municipal_elections">"Not-so-sweet home"</a>. The Economist. 31 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Not-so-sweet+home&rft.date=2011-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Fnewsbook%2F2011%2F05%2Fitalys_municipal_elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/giugno/02/Pdl_all_unanimita_Alfano_sara_co_8_110602021.shtml">"Il Pdl all' unanimità: "Alfano sarà segretario""</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+Pdl+all%27+unanimit%C3%A0%3A+%22Alfano+sar%C3%A0+segretario%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fgiugno%2F02%2FPdl_all_unanimita_Alfano_sara_co_8_110602021.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/giugno/03/Tremonti_dubbi_del_premier_sulla_co_9_110603009.shtml">"Tremonti e i dubbi del premier sulla manovra"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Tremonti+e+i+dubbi+del+premier+sulla+manovra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fgiugno%2F03%2FTremonti_dubbi_del_premier_sulla_co_9_110603009.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/luglio/02/Svolta_nel_Pdl_Alfano_segretario_co_9_110702007.shtml">"Svolta nel Pdl, Alfano segretario "Voglio un partito degli onesti""</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Svolta+nel+Pdl%2C+Alfano+segretario+%22Voglio+un+partito+degli+onesti%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fluglio%2F02%2FSvolta_nel_Pdl_Alfano_segretario_co_9_110702007.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/02/annuncio_Alfano_milione_iscritti__co_8_111102029.shtml">"L' annuncio di Alfano "Un milione di iscritti""</a>. Corriere della Sera. 2 November 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=L%27+annuncio+di+Alfano+%22Un+milione+di+iscritti%22&rft.date=2011-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F02%2Fannuncio_Alfano_milione_iscritti__co_8_111102029.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/ottobre/19/Berlusconi_cattolici_sono_con_noi_co_8_111019015.shtml">"Berlusconi: i cattolici sono con noi Da Bagnasco nessuna spallata"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Berlusconi%3A+i+cattolici+sono+con+noi+Da+Bagnasco+nessuna+spallata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fottobre%2F19%2FBerlusconi_cattolici_sono_con_noi_co_8_111019015.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/01/Pdl_chiusa_campagna_per_tesseramento_co_9_111101018.shtml">"Pdl, chiusa la campagna per il tesseramento La Russa: arriveremo a quota 800 mila"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Pdl%2C+chiusa+la+campagna+per+il+tesseramento+La+Russa%3A+arriveremo+a+quota+800+mila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F01%2FPdl_chiusa_campagna_per_tesseramento_co_9_111101018.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/ottobre/07/fronda_Pisanu_Scajola_idea_Berlusconi_co_9_111007015.shtml">"La fronda di Pisanu e Scajola L' idea di un Berlusconi bis"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=La+fronda+di+Pisanu+e+Scajola+L%27+idea+di+un+Berlusconi+bis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fottobre%2F07%2Ffronda_Pisanu_Scajola_idea_Berlusconi_co_9_111007015.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/ottobre/10/Scajola_Pdl_sfida_sui_deputati_co_9_111010023.shtml">"Scajola-Pdl, sfida sui deputati incerti"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Scajola-Pdl%2C+sfida+sui+deputati+incerti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fottobre%2F10%2FScajola_Pdl_sfida_sui_deputati_co_9_111010023.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/ottobre/15/governo_incassa_fiducia_Fallito_piano_co_9_111015002.shtml">"Il governo incassa la fiducia Fallito il piano "numero legale""</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+governo+incassa+la+fiducia+Fallito+il+piano+%22numero+legale%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fottobre%2F15%2Fgoverno_incassa_fiducia_Fallito_piano_co_9_111015002.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/03/Servono_una_diversa_fase_politica_co_8_111103018.shtml">"Servono una diversa fase politica e il varo di un nuovo esecutivo"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Servono+una+diversa+fase+politica+e+il+varo+di+un+nuovo+esecutivo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F03%2FServono_una_diversa_fase_politica_co_8_111103018.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/03/Lettera_dei_ribelli_cosi_non_co_8_111103019.shtml">"Lettera dei "ribelli": così non-si va avanti"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Lettera+dei+%22ribelli%22%3A+cos%C3%AC+non-si+va+avanti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F03%2FLettera_dei_ribelli_cosi_non_co_8_111103019.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/04/Ribelli_inquieti_due_vanno_all_co_8_111104016.shtml">"Ribelli inquieti, due vanno all' Udc La maggioranza scende a 314 voti"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Ribelli+inquieti%2C+due+vanno+all%27+Udc+La+maggioranza+scende+a+314+voti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F04%2FRibelli_inquieti_due_vanno_all_co_8_111104016.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/07/Maggioranza_ansia_verso_Aula_per_co_9_111107007.shtml">"Maggioranza in ansia verso l' Aula I sì per ora sono a "quota 310""</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Maggioranza+in+ansia+verso+l%27+Aula+I+s%C3%AC+per+ora+sono+a+%22quota+310%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F07%2FMaggioranza_ansia_verso_Aula_per_co_9_111107007.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camera.it/217?idGruppo=477">"Deputati e Organi Parlamentari - Composizione gruppi Parlamentari"</a>. Camera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deputati+e+Organi+Parlamentari+-+Composizione+gruppi+Parlamentari&rft.pub=Camera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.it%2F217%3FidGruppo%3D477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/08/Bossi_provo_carta_Angelino__co_9_111108002.shtml">"E Bossi provò la "carta Angelino""</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=E+Bossi+prov%C3%B2+la+%22carta+Angelino%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F08%2FBossi_provo_carta_Angelino__co_9_111108002.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/09/Berlusconi_giorno_dello_strappo_Lascio_co_8_111109014.shtml">"Berlusconi, il giorno dello strappo "Lascio dopo il voto sulle misure Ue""</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Berlusconi%2C+il+giorno+dello+strappo+%22Lascio+dopo+il+voto+sulle+misure+Ue%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F09%2FBerlusconi_giorno_dello_strappo_Lascio_co_8_111109014.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_70-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/09/Montecitorio_ribelli_organizzano_co_8_111109035.shtml">"A Montecitorio i "ribelli" si organizzano"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=A+Montecitorio+i+%22ribelli%22+si+organizzano&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F09%2FMontecitorio_ribelli_organizzano_co_8_111109035.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/09/Napolitano_premier_atti_immediati_Colle_co_9_111109034.shtml">"Napolitano al premier: atti immediati Il Colle chiede una tempistica serrata"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Napolitano+al+premier%3A+atti+immediati+Il+Colle+chiede+una+tempistica+serrata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F09%2FNapolitano_premier_atti_immediati_Colle_co_9_111109034.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/11/Pdl_lacerato_Alfano_mediatore_Spunta_co_8_111111006.shtml">"Pdl lacerato, Alfano mediatore Spunta l' ipotesi dell' appoggio esterno"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Pdl+lacerato%2C+Alfano+mediatore+Spunta+l%27+ipotesi+dell%27+appoggio+esterno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F11%2FPdl_lacerato_Alfano_mediatore_Spunta_co_8_111111006.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/09/Dai_vertici_pdl_ultima_spinta_co_8_111109037.shtml">"Dai vertici pdl l' ultima spinta Ma è già incubo urne E Scajola dice no al voto"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Dai+vertici+pdl+l%27+ultima+spinta+Ma+%C3%A8+gi%C3%A0+incubo+urne+E+Scajola+dice+no+al+voto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F09%2FDai_vertici_pdl_ultima_spinta_co_8_111109037.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/10/Pdl_spacca_fronte_dei_contrari_co_8_111110020.shtml">"Il Pdl si spacca, c' è il fronte dei contrari"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+Pdl+si+spacca%2C+c%27+%C3%A8+il+fronte+dei+contrari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F10%2FPdl_spacca_fronte_dei_contrari_co_8_111110020.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/10/Cavaliere_chiuda_uomo_Stato_Aiuti_co_8_111110021.shtml">"Il Cavaliere chiuda da uomo di Stato Aiuti a salvare il Paese anche con il Pd"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+Cavaliere+chiuda+da+uomo+di+Stato+Aiuti+a+salvare+il+Paese+anche+con+il+Pd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F10%2FCavaliere_chiuda_uomo_Stato_Aiuti_co_8_111110021.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/11/Abbiamo_litigato_tutto_con_Come_co_9_111111017.shtml">"Abbiamo litigato su tutto con il Pd Come si governa?"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Abbiamo+litigato+su+tutto+con+il+Pd+Come+si+governa%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F11%2FAbbiamo_litigato_tutto_con_Come_co_9_111111017.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/12/Pdl_crisi_tra_malumori_sospetti_co_9_111112020.shtml">"Pdl in crisi tra malumori e sospetti Scontro tra Frattini e La Russa"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Pdl+in+crisi+tra+malumori+e+sospetti+Scontro+tra+Frattini+e+La+Russa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F12%2FPdl_crisi_tra_malumori_sospetti_co_9_111112020.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/13/Berlusconi_dato_dimissioni_giorno_dell_co_8_111113011.shtml">"Berlusconi ha dato le dimissioni Il giorno dell' incarico a Monti"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Berlusconi+ha+dato+le+dimissioni+Il+giorno+dell%27+incarico+a+Monti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F13%2FBerlusconi_dato_dimissioni_giorno_dell_co_8_111113011.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/13/leader_esce_scena_Senato_possiamo_co_8_111113028.shtml">"Il leader esce di scena "Ma al Senato possiamo staccare ancora la spina""</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Il+leader+esce+di+scena+%22Ma+al+Senato+possiamo+staccare+ancora+la+spina%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F13%2Fleader_esce_scena_Senato_possiamo_co_8_111113028.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/novembre/13/voto_sarebbe_massacro__co_9_111113097.shtml">"Il voto sarebbe un massacro"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+voto+sarebbe+un+massacro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fnovembre%2F13%2Fvoto_sarebbe_massacro__co_9_111113097.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parlamento.openpolis.it/votazione/37585">"Fiducia Governo Monti"</a>. Parlamento. 18 November 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiducia+Governo+Monti&rft.pub=Parlamento&rft.date=2011-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparlamento.openpolis.it%2Fvotazione%2F37585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parlamento.openpolis.it/votazione/37584">"Fiducia Governo Monti"</a>. Parlamento. 17 November 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiducia+Governo+Monti&rft.pub=Parlamento&rft.date=2011-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparlamento.openpolis.it%2Fvotazione%2F37584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/dicembre/15/deriva_dei_lumbard_rende_piu_co_8_111215019.shtml">"La deriva dei lumbard rende più difficile il ritorno con il Pdl"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=La+deriva+dei+lumbard+rende+pi%C3%B9+difficile+il+ritorno+con+il+Pdl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Fdicembre%2F15%2Fderiva_dei_lumbard_rende_piu_co_8_111215019.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdl.it/notizie/23965/berlusconi-non-mi-ricandido-premier-le-primarie-il-16-dicembre">"Berlusconi: Non mi ricandido premier. Primarie del Pdl il 16 dicembre"</a>. Pdl. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berlusconi%3A+Non+mi+ricandido+premier.+Primarie+del+Pdl+il+16+dicembre&rft.pub=Pdl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdl.it%2Fnotizie%2F23965%2Fberlusconi-non-mi-ricandido-premier-le-primarie-il-16-dicembre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/ottobre/25/passo_indietro_del_Cavaliere_Primarie_co_0_20121025_3ed3a84e-1e63-11e2-934a-93fea4fb17fb.shtml">"Il passo indietro del Cavaliere "Primarie del Pdl a dicembre""</a>. Corriere della Sera. 25 October 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+passo+indietro+del+Cavaliere+%22Primarie+del+Pdl+a+dicembre%22&rft.date=2012-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2012%2Fottobre%2F25%2Fpasso_indietro_del_Cavaliere_Primarie_co_0_20121025_3ed3a84e-1e63-11e2-934a-93fea4fb17fb.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/ottobre/25/progetto_Monti_bis_partito_Alfano_co_0_20121025_523cc866-1e63-11e2-934a-93fea4fb17fb.shtml">"Il progetto: Monti bis e partito ad Alfano"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 25 October 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+progetto%3A+Monti+bis+e+partito+ad+Alfano&rft.date=2012-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2012%2Fottobre%2F25%2Fprogetto_Monti_bis_partito_Alfano_co_0_20121025_523cc866-1e63-11e2-934a-93fea4fb17fb.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/novembre/26/Alfano_incognita_Berlusconi_primarie_Per_co_0_20121126_0c06b2d8-3792-11e2-beec-051c70a40e50.shtml">"Alfano e l'incognita Berlusconi: "Le primarie? Per ora ci sono""</a>. Corriere della Sera. 26 November 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Alfano+e+l%27incognita+Berlusconi%3A+%22Le+primarie%3F+Per+ora+ci+sono%22&rft.date=2012-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2012%2Fnovembre%2F26%2FAlfano_incognita_Berlusconi_primarie_Per_co_0_20121126_0c06b2d8-3792-11e2-beec-051c70a40e50.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaola_Di_Caro2012" class="citation news cs1">Paola Di Caro (29 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corriere.it/politica/12_novembre_29/pdl-addio-primarie_7b4f7870-39ed-11e2-8e20-34fd72ebaa93.shtml">"Primarie annullate: Pdl tra rifondazione e spacchettamento"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Primarie+annullate%3A+Pdl+tra+rifondazione+e+spacchettamento&rft.date=2012-11-29&rft.au=Paola+Di+Caro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Fpolitica%2F12_novembre_29%2Fpdl-addio-primarie_7b4f7870-39ed-11e2-8e20-34fd72ebaa93.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/dicembre/07/primarie_non_saranno_Alfano_conferma_co_0_20121207_72c95546-4036-11e2-b7c1-a3315634f627.shtml">""Le primarie non-ci saranno" Alfano conferma: Silvio in campo"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=%22Le+primarie+non-ci+saranno%22+Alfano+conferma%3A+Silvio+in+campo&rft.date=2012-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2012%2Fdicembre%2F07%2Fprimarie_non_saranno_Alfano_conferma_co_0_20121207_72c95546-4036-11e2-b7c1-a3315634f627.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/dicembre/13/mio_passo_indietro_dipende_anche_co_0_20121213_b7da15c0-44ec-11e2-a357-2faad4646d31.shtml">"Il mio passo indietro dipende anche da Monti"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 13 December 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+mio+passo+indietro+dipende+anche+da+Monti&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2012%2Fdicembre%2F13%2Fmio_passo_indietro_dipende_anche_co_0_20121213_b7da15c0-44ec-11e2-a357-2faad4646d31.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/dicembre/13/Per_giorno_Cavaliere_ricompatta_partito_co_0_20121213_c30a9bd6-44ec-11e2-a357-2faad4646d31.shtml">"Per un giorno il Cavaliere ricompatta il partito"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 13 December 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Per+un+giorno+il+Cavaliere+ricompatta+il+partito&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2012%2Fdicembre%2F13%2FPer_giorno_Cavaliere_ricompatta_partito_co_0_20121213_c30a9bd6-44ec-11e2-a357-2faad4646d31.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/dicembre/14/Pdl_ancora_nell_incertezza_resta_co_0_20121214_196ea1b0-45b6-11e2-8385-033f03ad5a6a.shtml">"Il Pdl ancora nell'incertezza E resta l'ipotesi della scissione"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 14 December 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+Pdl+ancora+nell%27incertezza+E+resta+l%27ipotesi+della+scissione&rft.date=2012-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2012%2Fdicembre%2F14%2FPdl_ancora_nell_incertezza_resta_co_0_20121214_196ea1b0-45b6-11e2-8385-033f03ad5a6a.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/dicembre/15/Cavaliere_prova_disinnescare_grandi_manovre_co_0_20121215_9503304c-467f-11e2-a7e3-05ddfe4ab2ac.shtml">"E il Cavaliere prova a disinnescare le grandi manovre dei dissidenti"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 15 December 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=E+il+Cavaliere+prova+a+disinnescare+le+grandi+manovre+dei+dissidenti&rft.date=2012-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2012%2Fdicembre%2F15%2FCavaliere_prova_disinnescare_grandi_manovre_co_0_20121215_9503304c-467f-11e2-a7e3-05ddfe4ab2ac.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/dicembre/16/Pdl_giorno_dei_montiani_scissioni_co_0_20121216_cb940f86-4748-11e2-96a9-077294bad7d3.shtml">"Pdl, il giorno dei montiani. "No a scissioni""</a>. Corriere della Sera. 16 December 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Pdl%2C+il+giorno+dei+montiani.+%22No+a+scissioni%22&rft.date=2012-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2012%2Fdicembre%2F16%2FPdl_giorno_dei_montiani_scissioni_co_0_20121216_cb940f86-4748-11e2-96a9-077294bad7d3.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/dicembre/17/Appello_Monti_guerra_alla_sinistra_co_0_20121217_f62eb7f4-4811-11e2-b9b5-3eea74e97452.shtml">"Appello a Monti e guerra alla sinistra Il Pdl si ricompatta"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 17 December 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Appello+a+Monti+e+guerra+alla+sinistra+Il+Pdl+si+ricompatta&rft.date=2012-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2012%2Fdicembre%2F17%2FAppello_Monti_guerra_alla_sinistra_co_0_20121217_f62eb7f4-4811-11e2-b9b5-3eea74e97452.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/dicembre/17/Crosetto_Meloni_nasce_destra_antiMonti_co_0_20121217_e66e5888-4811-11e2-b9b5-3eea74e97452.shtml">"Crosetto-Meloni, nasce la destra antiMonti"</a>. Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 17 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Crosetto-Meloni%2C+nasce+la+destra+antiMonti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2012%2Fdicembre%2F17%2FCrosetto_Meloni_nasce_destra_antiMonti_co_0_20121217_e66e5888-4811-11e2-b9b5-3eea74e97452.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2012/dicembre/18/Pdl_destra_fermento_Russa_fonda_co_0_20121218_6d4f77be-48db-11e2-93a9-096d33c66311.shtml">"Pdl, la destra in fermento La Russa se ne va e fonda "Centrodestra nazionale""</a>. Corriere della Sera. 18 December 2012. 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Retrieved 10 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tra+calici+e+candeline+la+lunga+notte+dei+dissidenti%3A+guardate+quanti+siamo&rft.pub=Archiviostorico.corriere.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2013%2Fottobre%2F04%2FTra_calici_candeline_lunga_notte_co_0_20131004_bba604a4-2cbb-11e3-986b-4dfe1b16a362.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2013/settembre/29/Nel_Pdl_colombe_pronte_alla_co_0_20130929_ed845a88-28cf-11e3-8e17-099258439883.shtml">"Nel Pdl colombe pronte alla battaglia E il partito ora rischia la scissione"</a>. Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 10 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nel+Pdl+colombe+pronte+alla+battaglia+E+il+partito+ora+rischia+la+scissione&rft.pub=Archiviostorico.corriere.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2013%2Fsettembre%2F29%2FNel_Pdl_colombe_pronte_alla_co_0_20130929_ed845a88-28cf-11e3-8e17-099258439883.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazzettadelsud.it/news/english/63976/Split-within-Berlusconi-s-party--on-hold-.html">"Split within Berlusconi's party 'on hold'"</a>. Gazzetta del Sud. 3 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Split+within+Berlusconi%27s+party+%27on+hold%27&rft.pub=Gazzetta+del+Sud&rft.date=2013-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazzettadelsud.it%2Fnews%2Fenglish%2F63976%2FSplit-within-Berlusconi-s-party--on-hold-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2013/ottobre/03/alla_fiducia_vittoria_dei_ribelli_co_0_20131003_79b2f71e-2bee-11e3-a858-0f86e9b7d17d.shtml">"Sì alla fiducia, la vittoria dei "ribelli" E alla fine il governo si ritrova più voti"</a>. Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 10 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%C3%AC+alla+fiducia%2C+la+vittoria+dei+%22ribelli%22+E+alla+fine+il+governo+si+ritrova+pi%C3%B9+voti&rft.pub=Archiviostorico.corriere.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2013%2Fottobre%2F03%2Falla_fiducia_vittoria_dei_ribelli_co_0_20131003_79b2f71e-2bee-11e3-a858-0f86e9b7d17d.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2013/ottobre/06/Fitto_noi_lealisti_non_vogliamo_co_0_20131006_ab726868-2e49-11e3-b222-139b8e629b71.shtml">"Fitto: noi lealisti non-vogliamo posti Azzerare tutto e poi congresso"</a>. Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 10 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fitto%3A+noi+lealisti+non-vogliamo+posti+Azzerare+tutto+e+poi+congresso&rft.pub=Archiviostorico.corriere.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2013%2Fottobre%2F06%2FFitto_noi_lealisti_non_vogliamo_co_0_20131006_ab726868-2e49-11e3-b222-139b8e629b71.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corriere-2013-10-07-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Corriere-2013-10-07_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corriere-2013-10-07_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2013/ottobre/07/Pdl_tanti_all_ipotesi_del_co_0_20131007_9ff03318-2f10-11e3-85b9-b6e5136dfd53.shtml">"Pdl, tanti no all?ipotesi del congresso"</a>. Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 10 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pdl%2C+tanti+no+all%3Fipotesi+del+congresso&rft.pub=Archiviostorico.corriere.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2013%2Fottobre%2F07%2FPdl_tanti_all_ipotesi_del_co_0_20131007_9ff03318-2f10-11e3-85b9-b6e5136dfd53.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2013/ottobre/08/Pdl_sfida_sugli_incarichi_affacciano_co_0_20131008_834011dc-2fdf-11e3-8ec9-e32572c99863.shtml">"Il Pdl e la sfida sugli incarichi Si affacciano i mediatori"</a>. Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 10 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+Pdl+e+la+sfida+sugli+incarichi+Si+affacciano+i+mediatori&rft.pub=Archiviostorico.corriere.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2013%2Fottobre%2F08%2FPdl_sfida_sugli_incarichi_affacciano_co_0_20131008_834011dc-2fdf-11e3-8ec9-e32572c99863.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FI-2013-10-25-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FI-2013-10-25_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forzaitalia.it/notizie/10080/ufficio-di-presidenza-comunicato-ufficiale">"Forza Italia - Ufficio di Presidenza: Il testo integrale della delibera"</a>. Forzaitalia.it. Retrieved 10 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forza+Italia+-+Ufficio+di+Presidenza%3A+Il+testo+integrale+della+delibera&rft.pub=Forzaitalia.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforzaitalia.it%2Fnotizie%2F10080%2Fufficio-di-presidenza-comunicato-ufficiale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-national_council_16/11-121"><a href="#cite_ref-national_council_16/11_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lastampa.it/2013/11/06/italia/politica/pdl-bondi-minaccia-lo-strappo-me-ne-vado-se-passa-la-decadenza-H8vgm6zfK6UMupqHZTJLZO/pagina.html">"Pdl, Berlusconi anticipa la resa dei conti"</a> (in Italian). La Stampa. 6 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pdl%2C+Berlusconi+anticipa+la+resa+dei+conti&rft.pub=La+Stampa&rft.date=2013-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lastampa.it%2F2013%2F11%2F06%2Fitalia%2Fpolitica%2Fpdl-bondi-minaccia-lo-strappo-me-ne-vado-se-passa-la-decadenza-H8vgm6zfK6UMupqHZTJLZO%2Fpagina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corriere-2013-10-26-122"><a href="#cite_ref-Corriere-2013-10-26_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corriere.it/politica/13_ottobre_26/forza-italia-formigoni-lo-scioglimento-solo-proposta-642d3e6e-3e0d-11e3-bd5b-1a8e5e5a5692.shtml">"Forza Italy, Formigoni: "The dissolution is only a proposal""</a> (in Italian). Corriere. 26 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forza+Italy%2C+Formigoni%3A+%22The+dissolution+is+only+a+proposal%22&rft.pub=Corriere&rft.date=2013-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Fpolitica%2F13_ottobre_26%2Fforza-italia-formigoni-lo-scioglimento-solo-proposta-642d3e6e-3e0d-11e3-bd5b-1a8e5e5a5692.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090331021821/http://www.ilpopolodellaliberta.it/notizie/arc_15346.htm">"Carta Dei valori"</a>. PdL - Il Popolo della Libertà. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilpopolodellaliberta.it/notizie/arc_15346.htm">the original</a> on 31 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carta+Dei+valori&rft.pub=PdL+-+Il+Popolo+della+Libert%C3%A0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilpopolodellaliberta.it%2Fnotizie%2Farc_15346.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/settembre/23/Michelis_consulente_Brunetta_padre_che_co_8_090923030.shtml">"De Michelis consulente di Brunetta "Io, un padre che torna ai figli""</a>. Corriere della Sera. 23 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=De+Michelis+consulente+di+Brunetta+%22Io%2C+un+padre+che+torna+ai+figli%22&rft.date=2009-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fsettembre%2F23%2FMichelis_consulente_Brunetta_padre_che_co_8_090923030.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2008/novembre/25/SOCIALISMO_BRUNETTA_STORIA_FORZA_ITALIA_co_9_081125066.shtml">"Il Socialismo Di Brunetta E La Storia Di Forza Italia"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 25 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+Socialismo+Di+Brunetta+E+La+Storia+Di+Forza+Italia&rft.date=2008-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2008%2Fnovembre%2F25%2FSOCIALISMO_BRUNETTA_STORIA_FORZA_ITALIA_co_9_081125066.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2008/marzo/04/Tremonti_denuncio_globalizzazione_co_9_080304123.shtml">"E Tremonti denunciò la globalizzazione"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 4 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=E+Tremonti+denunci%C3%B2+la+globalizzazione&rft.date=2008-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2008%2Fmarzo%2F04%2FTremonti_denuncio_globalizzazione_co_9_080304123.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/ottobre/20/Tremonti_credo_posto_fisso_non_co_8_091020025.shtml">"Tremonti: credo al posto fisso, non-alla mobilità"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 20 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Tremonti%3A+credo+al+posto+fisso%2C+non-alla+mobilit%C3%A0&rft.date=2009-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fottobre%2F20%2FTremonti_credo_posto_fisso_non_co_8_091020025.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130203144715/http://www.the-economist.com/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=12009720&source=login_payBarrier">"Premium content"</a>. The Economist. 28 August 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-economist.com/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=12009720&source=login_payBarrier">the original</a> on 3 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Premium+content&rft.date=2008-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-economist.com%2FPrinterFriendly.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D12009720%26source%3Dlogin_payBarrier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2008/marzo/08/PARADOSSO_TREMONTI_co_9_080308109.shtml">"Il Paradosso Di Tremonti"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 8 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+Paradosso+Di+Tremonti&rft.date=2008-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2008%2Fmarzo%2F08%2FPARADOSSO_TREMONTI_co_9_080308109.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/novembre/22/Brunetta_basta_veti_Tremonti_commissariato_co_9_091122017.shtml">"Brunetta: basta veti Tremonti ha commissariato il governo"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 22 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Brunetta%3A+basta+veti+Tremonti+ha+commissariato+il+governo&rft.date=2009-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fnovembre%2F22%2FBrunetta_basta_veti_Tremonti_commissariato_co_9_091122017.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/novembre/23/Tesoro_disorientato_Telefonata_con_Cavaliere_co_8_091123004.shtml">"Il Tesoro "disorientato" Telefonata con il Cavaliere"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 23 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Il+Tesoro+%22disorientato%22+Telefonata+con+il+Cavaliere&rft.date=2009-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2009%2Fnovembre%2F23%2FTesoro_disorientato_Telefonata_con_Cavaliere_co_8_091123004.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2008/maggio/12/solitudine_del_liberale_forzistaNella_raccolta_ce_0_080512024.shtml">"La solitudine del liberale forzistaNella raccolta di articoli dell' ex ministro Martino la contrapposizione con il colbertismo di Tremonti"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 12 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=La+solitudine+del+liberale+forzistaNella+raccolta+di+articoli+dell%27+ex+ministro+Martino+la+contrapposizione+con+il+colbertismo+di+Tremonti&rft.date=2008-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2008%2Fmaggio%2F12%2Fsolitudine_del_liberale_forzistaNella_raccolta_ce_0_080512024.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libertiamo.it/2009/03/14/martino-pdl-somiglia-a-fascismo-no-a-liberalismo/">"Martino: Pdl somiglia a fascismo, no a liberalismo"</a>. Liberti amo. 14 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martino%3A+Pdl+somiglia+a+fascismo%2C+no+a+liberalismo&rft.pub=Liberti+amo&rft.date=2009-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libertiamo.it%2F2009%2F03%2F14%2Fmartino-pdl-somiglia-a-fascismo-no-a-liberalismo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdalberto_Signore2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Adalberto Signore (21 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilgiornale.it/interni/fermiamo_tremonti_condiziona_governo_e_ci_fara_perdere_voti/21-04-2011/articolo-id=518506-page=0-comments=1">"Galan: "Tremonti? Un socialista Fermiamolo o ci farà perdere voti""</a>. IlGiornale (in Italian). Retrieved 16 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IlGiornale&rft.atitle=Galan%3A+%22Tremonti%3F+Un+socialista+Fermiamolo+o+ci+far%C3%A0+perdere+voti%22&rft.date=2011-04-21&rft.au=Adalberto+Signore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilgiornale.it%2Finterni%2Ffermiamo_tremonti_condiziona_governo_e_ci_fara_perdere_voti%2F21-04-2011%2Farticolo-id%3D518506-page%3D0-comments%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/agosto/02/Contro_noi_cartello_cadiamo_voto_co_9_100802015.shtml">"Contro di noi un cartello Se cadiamo si va al voto"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 2 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contro+di+noi+un+cartello+Se+cadiamo+si+va+al+voto&rft.pub=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Fagosto%2F02%2FContro_noi_cartello_cadiamo_voto_co_9_100802015.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/giugno/13/Tremonti_ora_piano_per_liberta_co_8_100613016.shtml">"Tremonti: ora un piano per la libertà d' impresa"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 13 January 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Tremonti%3A+ora+un+piano+per+la+libert%C3%A0+d%27+impresa&rft.date=2010-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Fgiugno%2F13%2FTremonti_ora_piano_per_liberta_co_8_100613016.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/giugno/13/Una_riforma_quattro_mesi_punta_co_8_100613003.shtml">"Una riforma in quattro mesi Si punta all' autocertificazione"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 13 January 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Una+riforma+in+quattro+mesi+Si+punta+all%27+autocertificazione&rft.date=2010-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2010%2Fgiugno%2F13%2FUna_riforma_quattro_mesi_punta_co_8_100613003.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2011/febbraio/02/Quella_telefonata_tra_Cavaliere_Tremonti_co_9_110202059.shtml">"Quella telefonata tra il Cavaliere e Tremonti Il ministro e l' attivismo sul fronte economico: l' art. 41? Ne scrissi qualche decennio fa"</a>. Corriere della Sera. 2 February 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Quella+telefonata+tra+il+Cavaliere+e+Tremonti+Il+ministro+e+l%27+attivismo+sul+fronte+economico%3A+l%27+art.+41%3F+Ne+scrissi+qualche+decennio+fa&rft.date=2011-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2011%2Ffebbraio%2F02%2FQuella_telefonata_tra_Cavaliere_Tremonti_co_9_110202059.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/politica/1325297/Pdl--le-correnti--nomi-e-cognomi.html">"Pdl, le correnti: nomi e cognomi - Libero Quotidiano"</a>. Liberoquotidiano.it. Retrieved 10 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pdl%2C+le+correnti%3A+nomi+e+cognomi+-+Libero+Quotidiano&rft.pub=Liberoquotidiano.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberoquotidiano.it%2Fnews%2Fpolitica%2F1325297%2FPdl--le-correnti--nomi-e-cognomi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuzzocrea2012" class="citation cs2">Cuzzocrea, Annalisa (31 October 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ricerca.gelocal.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2012/10/31/spuntano-fondi-ai-transfughi-cosi-il-partito.html">"Spuntano i fondi ai transfughi così il partito ha finanziato Scilipoti"</a>, La Repubblica</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Repubblica&rft.atitle=Spuntano+i+fondi+ai+transfughi+cos%C3%AC+il+partito+ha+finanziato+Scilipoti&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft.aulast=Cuzzocrea&rft.aufirst=Annalisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fricerca.gelocal.it%2Frepubblica%2Farchivio%2Frepubblica%2F2012%2F10%2F31%2Fspuntano-fondi-ai-transfughi-cosi-il-partito.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Combined result of the PdL (11.9%) and Lista Polverini (26.3%), <a href="/wiki/Renata_Polverini" title="Renata Polverini">Renata Polverini</a>'s personal list (26.3%). The PdL failed to present a list in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Rome" title="Province of Rome">Province of Rome</a> and thus most PdL voters voted for Lista Polverini instead. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Forza Italia failed to present a list and, although most centre-right voters voted for <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a>, some of them voted for <a href="/wiki/Italian_People%27s_Party_(1994%E2%80%932002)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian People's Party (1994–2002)">PPI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patto_Segni" class="mw-redirect" title="Patto Segni">Patto Segni</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> Combined result of the PdL (26.4%) and Lista Scopelliti (9.9%), <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Scopelliti" title="Giuseppe Scopelliti">Giuseppe Scopelliti</a>'s personal list. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_People_of_Freedom&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan_McDonnell2013" class="citation journal cs1">Duncan McDonnell (2013). "Silvio Berlusconi's Personal Parties: From Forza Italia to Popolo Della Libertà". Political Studies. 61 (S1): 217–233. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9248.2012.01007.x">10.1111/j.1467-9248.2012.01007.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143141811">143141811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Silvio+Berlusconi%27s+Personal+Parties%3A+From+Forza+Italia+to+Popolo+Della+Libert%C3%A0&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=S1&rft.pages=217-233&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9248.2012.01007.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143141811%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Duncan+McDonnell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_HineDavide_Vampa2011" class="citation book cs1">David Hine; Davide Vampa (2011). Another Divorce: The PdL in 2010. Italian Politics. Vol. 26. Berghahn. pp. 65–84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Another+Divorce%3A+The+PdL+in+2010&rft.series=Italian+Politics&rft.pages=65-84&rft.pub=Berghahn&rft.date=2011&rft.au=David+Hine&rft.au=Davide+Vampa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+People+of+Freedom" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_Historical_political_parties_in_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_Italian_political_parties" title="Template:Historical Italian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_Italian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Historical Italian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_Italian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical Italian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_Historical_political_parties_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> Historical political parties in Italy</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Unity_Party_(Italy)" title="Proletarian Unity Party (Italy)">Proletarian Unity Party</a> (1972–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> (1921–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Democracy" title="Proletarian Democracy">Proletarian Democracy</a> (1978–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Italian_Communists" title="Party of Italian Communists">Party of Italian Communists</a> (1998–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Democratic socialist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Revolutionary_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party">Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party</a> (1881–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Workers%27_Party" title="Italian Workers' Party">Italian Workers' Party</a> (1882–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party_of_Proletarian_Unity" title="Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity">Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity</a> (1964–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Left" title="Democratic Party of the Left">Democratic Party of the Left</a> (1991–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_(Italy)" title="Democratic Left (Italy)">Democratic Left</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Ecology_Freedom" title="Left Ecology Freedom">Left Ecology Freedom</a> (2010-2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Green</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Greens_(Italy)" title="Rainbow Greens (Italy)">Rainbow Greens</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Green_Lists" title="Federation of Green Lists">Federation of Green Lists</a> (1986–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Greens" title="Federation of the Greens">Federation of the Greens</a> (1990–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social-democratic and liberal-socialist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Reformist_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Reformist Socialist Party">Italian Reformist Socialist Party</a> (1912–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_Socialist_Party_(Italy,_1922)" title="Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1922)">Unitary Socialist Party</a> (1922–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_Party_(Italy)" title="Action Party (Italy)">Action Party</a> (1929–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Democratic_Party" title="Labour Democratic Party">Labour Democratic Party</a> (1943–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Socialists" title="Union of Socialists">Union of Socialists</a> (1948–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_Socialist_Party_(Italy,_1949)" title="Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1949)">Unitary Socialist Party</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_(Italy)" title="Unified Socialist Party (Italy)">Unified Socialist Party</a> (1966–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a> (1892–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Democratic Socialist Party">Italian Democratic Socialist Party</a> (1947–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Federation_(Italy)" title="Labour Federation (Italy)">Labour Federation</a> (1994–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_of_the_Left" title="Democrats of the Left">Democrats of the Left</a> (1998–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialists" title="Italian Democratic Socialists">Italian Democratic Socialists</a> (1998–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_(political_party)" title="Article One (political party)">Article One</a> (2017–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radical and social-liberal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Party_(Italy,_1853)" title="Action Party (Italy, 1853)">Action Party</a> (1853–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Radical_Party" title="Italian Radical Party">Italian Radical Party</a> (1904–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy,_1913)" title="Democratic Party (Italy, 1913)">Democratic Party</a> (1913–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Social Democracy (Italy)">Social Democracy</a> (1922–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Democratic_Concentration" title="Republican Democratic Concentration">Republican Democratic Concentration</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(Italy)" title="Radical Party (Italy)">Radical Party</a> (1955–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Italy)" title="Democratic Alliance (Italy)">Democratic Alliance</a> (1993–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Network_(political_party)" title="The Network (political party)">The Network</a> (1991–1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centrist and centrist liberal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Constitutional Democratic Party (Italy)">Constitutional Democratic Party</a> (1913–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Liberal_Party" title="Italian Democratic Liberal Party">Italian Democratic Liberal Party</a> (1919–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_for_the_Republic" title="Democratic Union for the Republic">Democratic Union for the Republic</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Union for the Republic (Italy)">Union for the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renewal" title="Italian Renewal">Italian Renewal</a> (1996–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Italy)" title="The Democrats (Italy)">The Democrats</a> (1999–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segni_Pact" title="Segni Pact">Segni Pact</a> (1993–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_is_Freedom_%E2%80%93_The_Daisy" title="Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy">Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy</a> (2002–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Choice" title="Civic Choice">Civic Choice</a> (2013–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Popular_Alliance" title="Liberal Popular Alliance">Liberal Popular Alliance</a> (2015–2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regionalist and federalist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Independence_of_Sicily" title="Movement for the Independence of Sicily">Movement for the Independence of Sicily</a> (1943–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalists_and_Liberal_Democrats" title="Federalists and Liberal Democrats">Federalists and Liberal Democrats</a> (1994–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Italian_League" title="Federalist Italian League">Federalist Italian League</a> (1995–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_South_(Italy)" title="Great South (Italy)">Great South</a> (2011–2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian-democratic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Catholic_Electoral_Union" title="Italian Catholic Electoral Union">Italian Catholic Electoral Union</a> (1906–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Catholics_(Italy)" title="Conservative Catholics (Italy)">Conservative Catholics</a> (1913–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_People%27s_Party_(1919)" title="Italian People's Party (1919)">Italian People's Party</a> (1919–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a> (1943–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_People%27s_Party_(1994)" title="Italian People's Party (1994)">Italian People's Party</a> (1994–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democrats_for_the_Republic" title="Christian Democrats for the Republic">Christian Democrats for the Republic</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Centre" title="Christian Democratic Centre">Christian Democratic Centre</a> (1994–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Christian_Democrats" title="United Christian Democrats">United Christian Democrats</a> (1995–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democracy" title="European Democracy">European Democracy</a> (2001–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_for_Autonomies" title="Christian Democracy for Autonomies">Christian Democracy for Autonomies</a> (2005–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_for_Europe" title="Union of Democrats for Europe">Union of Democrats for Europe</a> (1999–2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conservative-liberal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Union_(Italy)" title="Liberal Union (Italy)">Liberal Union</a> (1913–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Liberal_Party" title="Italian Liberal Party">Italian Liberal Party</a> (1922–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Democratic Alliance (Italy)">National Democratic Alliance</a> (1953–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(1993)" title="Union of the Centre (1993)">Union of the Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liberal-conservative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Party_(Italy)" title="Economic Party (Italy)">Economic Party</a> (1919–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a> (1994–2009)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The People of Freedom</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_and_Freedom" title="Future and Freedom">Future and Freedom</a> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Centre-Right" title="New Centre-Right">New Centre-Right</a> (2013–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatives_and_Reformists_(Italy)" title="Conservatives and Reformists (Italy)">Conservatives and Reformists</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direction_Italy" title="Direction Italy">Direction Italy</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambiamo!" title="Cambiamo!">Cambiamo!</a> (2019–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National-conservative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Man%27s_Front" title="Common Man's Front">Common Man's Front</a> (1946–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchist_National_Party" title="Monarchist National Party">Monarchist National Party</a> (1946–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Monarchist_Party_(Italy)" title="People's Monarchist Party (Italy)">People's Monarchist Party</a> (1954–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Party_of_Monarchist_Unity" title="Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity">Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity</a> (1959–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Italy)" title="National Democracy (Italy)">National Democracy</a> (1977–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a> (1995–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Nationalist_Association" title="Italian Nationalist Association">Italian Nationalist Association</a> (1910–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatants%27_Party" title="Combatants' Party">Combatants' Party</a> (1919–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">National Fascist Party</a> (1921–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Fascist_Party" title="Republican Fascist Party">Republican Fascist Party</a> (1943–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a> (1946–1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">List of political parties in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:19th-century_Italian_political_groups" title="Template:19th-century Italian political groups">19th-century Italian political groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Early_20th-century_Italian_political_parties" title="Template:Early 20th-century Italian political parties">Early 20th-century Italian political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1950s%E2%80%931990s_Italian_political_parties" title="Template:1950s–1990s Italian political parties">1950s–1990s Italian political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_political_parties" title="Template:Italian political parties">Current Italian political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47720#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47720#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47720#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/218470135">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7626686-2">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2009079080">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb161383325">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb161383325">BnF data</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/128705388">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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