CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title> P.Bodmer II as Possible Evidence for the Circulation of John without Chapter 21 | Variant Readings</title> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/twentyten/style.css?ver=20190507" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://brentnongbri.com/xmlrpc.php"> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />  <script id="wpcom_remote_login_js"> var wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth = ''; function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( element_id ) { var dom_node = document.getElementById( element_id ); if ( dom_node ) { dom_node.parentNode.removeChild( dom_node ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) { var dom_nodes = document.querySelectorAll( '.' + class_name ); for ( var i = 0; i < dom_nodes.length; i++ ) { dom_nodes[ i ].parentNode.removeChild( dom_nodes[ i ] ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() { wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" ); } // Watch for messages back from the remote login window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) { if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) { var data = {}; try { data = JSON.parse( e.data ); } catch( e ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); return; } if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN' ) { // Clean up the login check iframe wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ ); var token_regex = new RegExp( /^.*|.*|.*$/ ); if ( token_regex.test( data.token ) && id_regex.test( data.wpcomid ) ) { // We have everything we need to ask for a login var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate' + '&wpcomid=' + data.wpcomid + '&token=' + encodeURIComponent( data.token ) + '&host=' + window.location.protocol + '//' + window.location.hostname + '&postid=1333' + '&is_singular=1'; document.body.appendChild( script ); } return; } // Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REDIRECT' ) { window.location = 'https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=' + window.location.href; return; } // Safari ITP, storage access failed, remove the request if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REMOVE' ) { var css_zap = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } }'; var style_zap = document.createElement( 'style' ); style_zap.type = 'text/css'; style_zap.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css_zap ) ); document.body.appendChild( style_zap ); var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' ); e.parentNode.removeChild( e ); document.cookie = 'wordpress_com_login_access=denied; path=/; max-age=31536000'; return; } // Safari ITP if ( data.msg === 'REQUEST_ACCESS' ) { console.log( 'request access: safari' ); // Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob if ( wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth !== 'safari_itp_iframe' ) { return; } // If we are in a "private window" there is no ITP. var private_window = false; try { var opendb = window.openDatabase( null, null, null, null ); } catch( e ) { private_window = true; } if ( private_window ) { console.log( 'private window' ); return; } var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' ); iframe.id = 'wpcom_request_access_iframe'; iframe.setAttribute( 'scrolling', 'no' ); iframe.setAttribute( 'sandbox', 'allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation' ); iframe.src = 'https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=request_access&origin=' + encodeURIComponent( data.origin ) + '&wpcomid=' + encodeURIComponent( data.wpcomid ); var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } '; var style = document.createElement( 'style' ); style.type = 'text/css'; style.id = 'wpcom_request_access_styles'; style.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css ) ); document.body.appendChild( style ); document.body.appendChild( iframe ); } if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); } } }, false ); // Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load // more critical resources window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) { var iframe = document.createElement( "iframe" ); iframe.style.display = "none"; iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" ); iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php" + "?wpcom_remote_login=key" + "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9icmVudG5vbmdicmkuY29t" + "&wpcomid=22147168" + "&time=1733027115"; document.body.appendChild( iframe ); }, false ); </script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Variant Readings » Feed" href="https://brentnongbri.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Variant Readings » Comments Feed" href="https://brentnongbri.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Variant Readings » P.Bodmer II as Possible Evidence for the Circulation of John without Chapter 21 Comments Feed" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1719498190i&ver=6.8-alpha-59438"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJxtzFsKgCAQQNENZaMg+BWtRXQI39KMtP0ogiD6PHC5cHThWmWsDGWInscWKkFE7talx0CjQml+ZCTYMVtGL3oj/mh2RBP8H3NI+H5vXflaFmWU0VJLo+MJKT40cA==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJyljssOwiAQRX/IMrY+0IXxW4BOkEqBzAwa/t7qxsRVE5c3J+fkwrN0LifBJFBi9SEx+LpMi+QXQgiP/qy02oKtIY5gY3b3LgZLhhqwtIjKMW/gv5DccF4T+lgME0oxb920XKXzFMbVX34SZCQkz1/9Ol96vRsOen86DtMLiD1qaA==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9jcEKg0AMRH+oaVhorR7Eb9E16IpZg8min2889FZ6GYbhPQYPgbhlo2zIBWQtU8qKcdvJd5be0AmmMfW0Ejv2jKoP/K0daZzIXNdvB6PzvyJ+A8MgO6mCJ6fCYLN/6e113IZXU9WfUL/DcgHSTkDo&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--blue: #0066cc;--wp--preset--color--medium-gray: #666;--wp--preset--color--light-gray: #f1f1f1;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.css?m=1729061509i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='verbum-gutenberg-css-css' href='https://widgets.wp.com/verbum-block-editor/block-editor.css?ver=1721244820' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJyFj8EOwjAMQ3+IEiYxxA6Ib6FV1hXSpWpaqv09GScQ0rjF1rPsQEvG8VxwLlAmjCiQqoXS1FjUBUvsHrJ3Ijv4x0pZCE1LjuNPIFaTqPowC0i14nJIJbCqkYm4bfETPzEbW60lrXyXbOEZdbPX04NSH3Ir5JGNfnpbN30JM9It5DV6jZfu1B2O/dCfh/sLpZV17w==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-14-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNjtEKwjAMRX/ImA1k0wfxU6Rra5eZNmNpGf69U/aiguztHsg9NziPYCVlnzLGAiOXQElx8Hk09r4yakkYxRX2itqbyTvj3OMdKYW9Vd3hZtGVkkUVS4aBJYh+wI8s9z4us/0BA0tn+N/aTC74rLicrBnCRA5McsCkeUu3W95QILgJs8xf+BJc4rlu66o9VXVzHJ6GH3dt&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack_related-posts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var related_posts_js_options = {"post_heading":"h4"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var actionbardata = {"siteID":"22147168","postID":"1333","siteURL":"https:\/\/brentnongbri.com","xhrURL":"https:\/\/brentnongbri.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"8067e2c45f","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1uVuo-lv","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/read\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9jUkOwjAMRS9E6gJiWiCOgpqByiGDVTsEbk+QQCos2P2nP0ElZXISlwRiURTKiInBO6HBXN8MXBKcMRnQBYOFyYVBnFWUWfibuoip87yA2a5vmSCKpnx//HqzTy6azYQkmBtdcgi5/olXtKNr9/4jlS6R1A3dq3WKx+Vu1W/W/XZ/8E9tkFWv'></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://variantreadings.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/p1uVuo-lv' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=json&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbrentnongbri.com%2F2018%2F10%2F24%2Fp-bodmer-ii-as-evidence%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/xml+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=xml&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbrentnongbri.com%2F2018%2F10%2F24%2Fp-bodmer-ii-as-evidence%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" />  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="P.Bodmer II as Possible Evidence for the Circulation of John without Chapter 21" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="In the most recent issue of the journal Early Christianity (vol. 9, 2018), I have an article that bears on one of the classic “problems” of New Testament interpretation. I’ve give…" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2018-10-24T11:53:14+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2018-12-11T01:26:47+00:00" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Variant Readings" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/p66-plate-145-descreened.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="297" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="242" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="P66 Plate 145 Descreened" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/WordPresscom" /> <meta name="twitter:text:title" content="P.Bodmer II as Possible Evidence for the Circulation of John without Chapter 21" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/p66-plate-145-descreened.jpg?w=144" /> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="P66 Plate 145 Descreened" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />  <link rel='openid.server' href='https://brentnongbri.com/?openidserver=1' /> <link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://brentnongbri.com/' /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://brentnongbri.com/osd.xml" title="Variant Readings" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <style type="text/css"> .recentcomments a { display: inline !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; } table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { border: 0px; margin: 0; } table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { border: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important; } td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; } td.recentcommentstextend { border: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; } td.recentcommentstexttop { border: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; } </style> <meta name="application-name" content="Variant Readings" /><meta name="msapplication-window" content="width=device-width;height=device-height" /><meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="Thoughts on History, Religion, Archaeology, Papyrology, etc. by Brent Nongbri" /><meta name="description" content="In the most recent issue of the journal Early Christianity (vol. 9, 2018), I have an article that bears on one of the classic "problems" of New Testament interpretation. I've given some background on the issues in previous posts here and here. So finally, here is the abstract of the article: "As part of the…" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=32" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=192" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=180" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=270" /> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-1333 single-format-standard customizer-styles-applied single-author jetpack-reblog-enabled"> <div id="wrapper" class="hfeed"> <div id="header"> <div id="masthead"> <div id="branding" role="banner"> <div id="site-title"> <span> <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/" title="Variant Readings" rel="home">Variant Readings</a> </span> </div> <div id="site-description">Thoughts on History, Religion, Archaeology, Papyrology, etc. by Brent Nongbri</div> <a class="home-link" href="https://brentnongbri.com/" title="Variant Readings" rel="home"> <img src="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/cropped-screen-shot-2016-07-06-at-10-43-28-pm.png" width="940" height="198" alt="" /> </a> </div> <div id="access" role="navigation"> <div class="skip-link screen-reader-text"><a href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a></div> <div class="menu"><ul> <li ><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/">Home</a></li><li class="page_item page-item-2"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/about/">About</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1064"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/books/">Books</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3025"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/open-access-articles/">Open Access Articles</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-5589"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/book-reviews/">Reviews</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main"> <div id="container"> <div id="content" role="main"> <div id="nav-above" class="navigation"> <div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/23/fake-dead-sea-scrolls-at-the-museum-of-the-bible/" rel="prev"><span class="meta-nav">←</span> Fake Dead Sea Scrolls at the Museum of the Bible</a></div> <div class="nav-next"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/30/an-old-quote-from-frank-moore-cross-on-unprovenanced-artifacts/" rel="next">An Old Quote from Frank Moore Cross on Unprovenanced Artifacts <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a></div> </div> <div id="post-1333" class="post-1333 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-codices category-new-testament category-p-bodmer-ii category-textual-criticism"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/" rel="bookmark">P.Bodmer II as Possible Evidence for the Circulation of John without Chapter 21</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="meta-prep meta-prep-author">Posted on</span> <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/" title="11:53 am" rel="bookmark"><span class="entry-date">October 24, 2018</span></a> <span class="meta-sep">by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://brentnongbri.com/author/bnongbri/" title="View all posts by Brent Nongbri">Brent Nongbri</a></span> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <p><img data-attachment-id="1344" data-permalink="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/p66-plate-145-descreened/" data-orig-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/p66-plate-145-descreened.jpg" data-orig-size="1183,966" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="P66 Plate 145 Descreened" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/p66-plate-145-descreened.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/p66-plate-145-descreened.jpg?w=640" class=" wp-image-1344 alignleft" src="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/p66-plate-145-descreened.jpg?w=297&h=242" alt="P66 Plate 145 Descreened" width="297" height="242" srcset="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/p66-plate-145-descreened.jpg?w=297&h=242 297w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/p66-plate-145-descreened.jpg?w=594&h=484 594w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/p66-plate-145-descreened.jpg?w=150&h=122 150w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/p66-plate-145-descreened.jpg?w=300&h=245 300w" sizes="(max-width: 297px) 100vw, 297px" /></p> <p>In the most recent issue of the journal <em><a href="https://www.mohrsiebeck.com/en/article/pbodmer-2-as-possible-evidence-for-the-circulation-of-the-gospel-according-to-john-without-chapter-21-101628ec-2018-0023" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Early Christianity</a></em> (vol. 9, 2018), I have an article that bears on one of the classic “problems” of New Testament interpretation. I’ve given some background on the issues in previous posts <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/06/the-twenty-first-chapter-of-the-gospel-according-to-john/">here</a> and <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/09/the-corrections-in-p-bodmer-ii/">here</a>. So finally, here is the abstract of the article:<span id="more-1333"></span></p> <p style="padding-left:30px;">“As part of the efforts of the Bodmer Lab to digitize and catalog the ancient papyrus and parchment items at the Fondation Martin Bodmer, I have recently had occasion to thoroughly re-examine the published data about the construction of P.Bodm. 2 (<a href="https://www.trismegistos.org/ldab/text.php?tm=61627" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LDAB 2777</a>), the well known papyrus codex containing the Gospel according to John in Greek.2 In the course of this reassessment, some previously overlooked features of the codex came to light. To summarize as concisely as possible: I found that one fragmentary page of P.Bodm. 2 (page 149, a codicological recto) appears to have an unusually small amount of text and an unusually large lower margin. This page also happens to contain the conclusion to chapter 20 of John’s Gospel. Chapter 21 begins at the top of the next page (page 150, a codicological verso), which contains a more normal amount of text and has a more normal lower margin. It has for some time been recognized that the copyist of P.Bodm. 2 made an initial copy of an exemplar and then adjusted and corrected the copied text against a different exemplar with different textual affinities. This paper raises the possibility that the first exemplar of P.Bodm. 2 lacked chapter 21. If this hypothesis is correct, P.Bodm. 2 would provide the first piece of material evidence for the circulation of a copy of the Gospel according to John that ended after chapter 20.”</p> <p>As I note in the abstract, what set me down the road to writing this article was the realization that the page containing the end of John 20 had significantly fewer letters than other pages in this part of the codex. And then there was the interesting coincidence of the page break between chapters 20 and 21, which is not a normal practice in this codex.</p> <div data-shortcode="caption" id="attachment_1351" style="width: 657px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1351" data-attachment-id="1351" data-permalink="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/pb-2-page-149-text/" data-orig-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-149-text1.jpg" data-orig-size="847,721" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="PB 2 page 149 text" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-149-text1.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-149-text1.jpg?w=640" class=" wp-image-1351 aligncenter" src="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-149-text1.jpg?w=647&h=551" alt="PB 2 page 149 text" width="647" height="551" srcset="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-149-text1.jpg?w=647&h=551 647w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-149-text1.jpg?w=150&h=128 150w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-149-text1.jpg?w=300&h=255 300w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-149-text1.jpg?w=768&h=654 768w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-149-text1.jpg 847w" sizes="(max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px" /><p id="caption-attachment-1351" class="wp-caption-text">P.Bodmer II, page 149, edition of Martin and Barns</p></div> <p> </p> <div data-shortcode="caption" id="attachment_1352" style="width: 665px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1352" data-attachment-id="1352" data-permalink="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/pb-2-page-150-text/" data-orig-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-150-text.jpg" data-orig-size="856,675" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="PB 2 page 150 text" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-150-text.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-150-text.jpg?w=640" class=" wp-image-1352 aligncenter" src="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-150-text.jpg?w=655&h=516" alt="PB 2 page 150 text" width="655" height="516" srcset="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-150-text.jpg?w=655&h=516 655w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-150-text.jpg?w=150&h=118 150w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-150-text.jpg?w=300&h=237 300w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-150-text.jpg?w=768&h=606 768w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/pb-2-page-150-text.jpg 856w" sizes="(max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px" /><p id="caption-attachment-1352" class="wp-caption-text">P.Bodmer II, page 150, edition of Martin and Barns</p></div> <p>I then also noticed that page 149 with the end of John 20 also had an unusually large lower margin relative to other pages in this section of the codex:</p> <div data-shortcode="caption" id="attachment_1342" style="width: 2010px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1342" data-attachment-id="1342" data-permalink="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/justified-comparison-of-pages-113-and-149-in-pbodmer-2/" data-orig-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/justified-comparison-of-pages-113-and-149-in-pbodmer-2.jpg" data-orig-size="2000,1158" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="Justified Comparison of Pages 113 and 149 in PBodmer 2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/justified-comparison-of-pages-113-and-149-in-pbodmer-2.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/justified-comparison-of-pages-113-and-149-in-pbodmer-2.jpg?w=640" loading="lazy" class=" size-full wp-image-1342 aligncenter" src="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/justified-comparison-of-pages-113-and-149-in-pbodmer-2.jpg?w=640" alt="Justified Comparison of Pages 113 and 149 in PBodmer 2" srcset="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/justified-comparison-of-pages-113-and-149-in-pbodmer-2.jpg 2000w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/justified-comparison-of-pages-113-and-149-in-pbodmer-2.jpg?w=150&h=87 150w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/justified-comparison-of-pages-113-and-149-in-pbodmer-2.jpg?w=300&h=174 300w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/justified-comparison-of-pages-113-and-149-in-pbodmer-2.jpg?w=768&h=445 768w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/justified-comparison-of-pages-113-and-149-in-pbodmer-2.jpg?w=1024&h=593 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px" /><p id="caption-attachment-1342" class="wp-caption-text">P.Bodmer II, Comparison of lower margins of page 113 and page 149, which ends with the conclusion of John 20:31</p></div> <p>The argument of the article is based on a lot of technical data (measurements of margins of pages, average number of letters per page, etc.). To see all the data that actually makes up the argument, you’ll have to refer to the article, which contains a few appendices and a fairly detailed discussion of the quire structure of the codex.</p> <p>The idea that one of the exemplars used by the copyist ended after chapter 20 is admittedly speculative, but the large space between the last line of text on page 149 and the bottom of the page really does seem to require some kind of explanation.</p> <p>UPDATE 10 December 2018: See the <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/12/11/ryan-kaufman-on-the-ending-of-john-20-in-p-bodmer-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">better suggested explanation by Ryan Kaufman</a>.</p> <p> </p> <div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-1333" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-1333" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-1333" class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?share=linkedin" target="_blank" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" ><span>LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span>Reddit</span></a></li><li class="share-email"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-email sd-button share-icon" href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20P.Bodmer%20II%20as%20Possible%20Evidence%20for%20the%20Circulation%20of%20John%20without%20Chapter%2021&body=https%3A%2F%2Fbrentnongbri.com%2F2018%2F10%2F24%2Fp-bodmer-ii-as-evidence%2F&share=email" target="_blank" title="Click to email a link to a friend" data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="e339695d2d" data-email-share-track-url="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?share=email"><span>Email</span></a></li><li class="share-mastodon"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-mastodon-1333" class="share-mastodon sd-button share-icon" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?share=mastodon" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Mastodon" ><span>Mastodon</span></a></li><li class="share-jetpack-whatsapp"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-jetpack-whatsapp sd-button share-icon" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?share=jetpack-whatsapp" target="_blank" title="Click to share on WhatsApp" ><span>WhatsApp</span></a></li><li class="share-tumblr"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-tumblr sd-button share-icon" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?share=tumblr" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Tumblr" ><span>Tumblr</span></a></li><li class="share-pocket"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-pocket sd-button share-icon" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?share=pocket" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Pocket" ><span>Pocket</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-22147168-1333-674be52b1b4e9' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20241201#blog_id=22147168&post_id=1333&origin=variantreadings.wordpress.com&obj_id=22147168-1333-674be52b1b4e9&domain=brentnongbri.com' data-name='like-post-frame-22147168-1333-674be52b1b4e9' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> <div id='jp-relatedposts' class='jp-relatedposts' > <h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3> </div></div> </div> <div class="entry-utility"> This entry was posted in <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/category/codices/" rel="category tag">Codices</a>, <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/category/new-testament/" rel="category tag">New Testament</a>, <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/category/individual-manuscripts/p-bodmer-ii/" rel="category tag">P.Bodmer II</a>, <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/category/textual-criticism/" rel="category tag">Textual criticism</a>. Bookmark the <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/" title="Permalink to P.Bodmer II as Possible Evidence for the Circulation of John without Chapter 21" rel="bookmark">permalink</a>. </div> </div> <div id="nav-below" class="navigation"> <div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/23/fake-dead-sea-scrolls-at-the-museum-of-the-bible/" rel="prev"><span class="meta-nav">←</span> Fake Dead Sea Scrolls at the Museum of the Bible</a></div> <div class="nav-next"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/30/an-old-quote-from-frank-moore-cross-on-unprovenanced-artifacts/" rel="next">An Old Quote from Frank Moore Cross on Unprovenanced Artifacts <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a></div> </div> <div id="comments"> <h3 id="comments-title"> 9 Responses to <em>P.Bodmer II as Possible Evidence for the Circulation of John without Chapter 21</em> </h3> <ol class="commentlist"> <li class="comment byuser comment-author-vincentartalejr even thread-even depth-1" id="li-comment-887"> <div id="comment-887"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c368e11a25a2442d700f806ba23fb51281e59b74ac95aeabc6cf44e0f606b119?s=40&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c368e11a25a2442d700f806ba23fb51281e59b74ac95aeabc6cf44e0f606b119?s=40&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c368e11a25a2442d700f806ba23fb51281e59b74ac95aeabc6cf44e0f606b119?s=60&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c368e11a25a2442d700f806ba23fb51281e59b74ac95aeabc6cf44e0f606b119?s=80&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c368e11a25a2442d700f806ba23fb51281e59b74ac95aeabc6cf44e0f606b119?s=120&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c368e11a25a2442d700f806ba23fb51281e59b74ac95aeabc6cf44e0f606b119?s=160&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /> <cite class="fn"><a href="http://vincentsartalejr.wordpress.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Vincent S Artale Jr</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span> </div> <div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/#comment-887"> October 24, 2018 at 6:21 pm</a> </div> <div class="comment-body"><p>Reblogged this on <a href="https://vincentsartalejr.wordpress.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-possible-evidence-for-the-circulation-of-john-without-chapter-21/" rel="nofollow">Talmidimblogging</a>.</p> </div> <div class="reply"> <a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?replytocom=887#respond" data-commentid="887" data-postid="1333" data-belowelement="comment-887" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Vincent S Artale Jr" aria-label="Reply to Vincent S Artale Jr">Reply</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="li-comment-888"> <div id="comment-888"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/47279881b2e08c74dbb73c4002250eb62b71a04a87b552b80347c2138c70899b?s=40&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/47279881b2e08c74dbb73c4002250eb62b71a04a87b552b80347c2138c70899b?s=40&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/47279881b2e08c74dbb73c4002250eb62b71a04a87b552b80347c2138c70899b?s=60&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/47279881b2e08c74dbb73c4002250eb62b71a04a87b552b80347c2138c70899b?s=80&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/47279881b2e08c74dbb73c4002250eb62b71a04a87b552b80347c2138c70899b?s=120&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/47279881b2e08c74dbb73c4002250eb62b71a04a87b552b80347c2138c70899b?s=160&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /> <cite class="fn">Tommy Wasserman</cite> <span class="says">says:</span> </div> <div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/#comment-888"> October 25, 2018 at 7:04 am</a> </div> <div class="comment-body"><p>Thank you Brent! I remember asking you about numbers of letters and spaces towards the end of the codex at an SBL presentation, and you said you would look into it. So, that actually confirmed your other findings then.</p> </div> <div class="reply"> <a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?replytocom=888#respond" data-commentid="888" data-postid="1333" data-belowelement="comment-888" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Tommy Wasserman" aria-label="Reply to Tommy Wasserman">Reply</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="post pingback"> <p>Pingback: <a href="https://larryhurtado.wordpress.com/2018/11/08/nongbri-on-john-21-in-p66/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Nongbri on John 21 in P66 | Larry Hurtado's Blog</a></p> </li> <li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="li-comment-932"> <div id="comment-932"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0864a32b5b44adbde45f5754018a4650779e7b6a4eb1dfaf29aa7317619e2ccf?s=40&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0864a32b5b44adbde45f5754018a4650779e7b6a4eb1dfaf29aa7317619e2ccf?s=40&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0864a32b5b44adbde45f5754018a4650779e7b6a4eb1dfaf29aa7317619e2ccf?s=60&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0864a32b5b44adbde45f5754018a4650779e7b6a4eb1dfaf29aa7317619e2ccf?s=80&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0864a32b5b44adbde45f5754018a4650779e7b6a4eb1dfaf29aa7317619e2ccf?s=120&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0864a32b5b44adbde45f5754018a4650779e7b6a4eb1dfaf29aa7317619e2ccf?s=160&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /> <cite class="fn">a reader</cite> <span class="says">says:</span> </div> <div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/#comment-932"> November 11, 2018 at 6:05 pm</a> </div> <div class="comment-body"><p>The scribe didn’t want to begin the next part, John 21, for only a line or two then need continue<br /> on the next sheet. Logically and aesthetically better presented on a new sheet, right?</p> </div> <div class="reply"> <a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?replytocom=932#respond" data-commentid="932" data-postid="1333" data-belowelement="comment-932" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to a reader" aria-label="Reply to a reader">Reply</a> </div> </div> <ul class="children"> <li class="comment byuser comment-author-bnongbri bypostauthor odd alt depth-2" id="li-comment-933"> <div id="comment-933"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=40&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=40&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=60&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=80&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=120&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=160&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /> <cite class="fn"><a href="https://variantreadings.wordpress.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Brent Nongbri</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span> </div> <div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/#comment-933"> November 11, 2018 at 9:22 pm</a> </div> <div class="comment-body"><p>Thanks. Yes, that makes sense, but the copyist didn’t do that in other places where it would have been even easier. In the article, I put it this way (p. 352, note 21): “Aside from chapter 1, no chapter besides 21 begins at the top of a page.If the copyist had wanted to begin chapters at the tops of pages as a rule, it would have been quite easy to do so, for instance, at page 52, by shifting one line of text, or at page 74, by fitting an extra four letters in on page 73, or at page 143, by shifting just over one line of text. The copyist thus does not seem to have had a special preference for beginning chapters at the tops of pages.”</p> </div> <div class="reply"> <a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?replytocom=933#respond" data-commentid="933" data-postid="1333" data-belowelement="comment-933" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Brent Nongbri" aria-label="Reply to Brent Nongbri">Reply</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="comment even thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="li-comment-942"> <div id="comment-942"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a8cdbf7a2c4af1f0d958973c1eb7251607d7d611bf53cbd56b6ec5a8512ddfb7?s=40&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a8cdbf7a2c4af1f0d958973c1eb7251607d7d611bf53cbd56b6ec5a8512ddfb7?s=40&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a8cdbf7a2c4af1f0d958973c1eb7251607d7d611bf53cbd56b6ec5a8512ddfb7?s=60&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a8cdbf7a2c4af1f0d958973c1eb7251607d7d611bf53cbd56b6ec5a8512ddfb7?s=80&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a8cdbf7a2c4af1f0d958973c1eb7251607d7d611bf53cbd56b6ec5a8512ddfb7?s=120&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a8cdbf7a2c4af1f0d958973c1eb7251607d7d611bf53cbd56b6ec5a8512ddfb7?s=160&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /> <cite class="fn">JeroenM</cite> <span class="says">says:</span> </div> <div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/#comment-942"> November 17, 2018 at 5:22 pm</a> </div> <div class="comment-body"><p>If your theory is correct, then I would expect that the type of corrections in chapter 21 would be different. Since for chapter 21 there was no second copy to compare the text to.</p> </div> <div class="reply"> <a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?replytocom=942#respond" data-commentid="942" data-postid="1333" data-belowelement="comment-942" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to JeroenM" aria-label="Reply to JeroenM">Reply</a> </div> </div> <ul class="children"> <li class="comment byuser comment-author-bnongbri bypostauthor odd alt depth-2" id="li-comment-949"> <div id="comment-949"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=40&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=40&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=60&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=80&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=120&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=160&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-40' height='40' width='40' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /> <cite class="fn"><a href="https://variantreadings.wordpress.com" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Brent Nongbri</a></cite> <span class="says">says:</span> </div> <div class="comment-meta commentmetadata"><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/#comment-949"> November 22, 2018 at 2:41 am</a> </div> <div class="comment-body"><p>Thanks for the comment, JeroenM. Yes, you’re right. I note in the article that what is really interesting about the remains of chapter 21 in P.Bodmer 2 is that we actually don’t find any corrections. Although the remains are quite scrappy, given the high number of corrections elsewhere in the text, we should actually expect to see a couple corrections in chapter 21 if, like the first 20 chapters, it was copied and checked against a second exemplar.</p> </div> <div class="reply"> <a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/?replytocom=949#respond" data-commentid="949" data-postid="1333" data-belowelement="comment-949" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Brent Nongbri" aria-label="Reply to Brent Nongbri">Reply</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="post pingback"> <p>Pingback: <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/12/11/ryan-kaufman-on-the-ending-of-john-20-in-p-bodmer-2/" class="url" rel="ugc">Ryan Kaufman on the Ending of John 20 in P.Bodmer 2 | Variant Readings</a></p> </li> <li class="post pingback"> <p>Pingback: <a href="https://jesusmemoirs.wordpress.com/2019/04/14/the-rbl-review-of-my-book/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">The RBL Review of my Book « The Jesus Memoirs</a></p> </li> </ol> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a comment <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form"> <div id="comment-form__verbum" class="transparent"></div><div class="verbum-form-meta"><input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='1333' id='comment_post_ID' /> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> <input type="hidden" name="highlander_comment_nonce" id="highlander_comment_nonce" value="9c383b591d" /> <input type="hidden" name="verbum_show_subscription_modal" value="" /></div><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="bbe16d3c7c" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="97"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="primary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <ul class="xoxo"> <li id="search-2" class="widget-container widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://brentnongbri.com/"> <div> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="s">Search for:</label> <input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" /> </div> </form></li><li id="blog_subscription-3" class="widget-container widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><h3 class="widget-title"><label for="subscribe-field">Follow Blog via Email</label></h3> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> <form action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" data-blog="22147168" data-post_access_level="everybody" id="subscribe-blog" > <p>Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.</p> <p id="subscribe-email"> <label id="subscribe-field-label" for="subscribe-field" class="screen-reader-text" > Email Address: </label> <input type="email" name="email" style="width: 95%; padding: 1px 10px" placeholder="Email Address" value="" id="subscribe-field" required /> </p> <p id="subscribe-submit" > <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="22147168"/> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/"/> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog"/> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="8e8333adf5" /> <button type="submit" class="wp-block-button__link" > Follow this blog! </button> </p> </form> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__subscount"> Join 556 other subscribers </div> </div> </li><li id="media_image-5" class="widget-container widget_media_image"><style>.widget.widget_media_image { overflow: hidden; }.widget.widget_media_image img { height: auto; max-width: 100%; }</style><div style="width: 210px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Gods-Library-Archaeology-Christian-Manuscripts/dp/0300248601/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=nongbri&qid=1608232364&sr=8-1"><img width="200" height="300" src="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/gods-library-cover-2-1.jpg?w=200" class="image wp-image-1911 attachment-200x300 size-200x300" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" srcset="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/gods-library-cover-2-1.jpg?w=200 200w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/gods-library-cover-2-1.jpg?w=400 400w, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/gods-library-cover-2-1.jpg?w=100 100w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" data-attachment-id="1911" data-permalink="https://brentnongbri.com/gods-library-cover-2-2/" data-orig-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/gods-library-cover-2-1.jpg" data-orig-size="572,860" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Gods Library Cover 2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/gods-library-cover-2-1.jpg?w=200" data-large-file="https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/gods-library-cover-2-1.jpg?w=572" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Gods-Library-Archaeology-Christian-Manuscripts/dp/030021541X/">God's Library available at amazon</a></p></div></li> <li id="recent-posts-2" class="widget-container widget_recent_entries"> <h3 class="widget-title">Recent Posts</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2024/10/25/additional-items-from-the-schoyen-collection-on-sale/">Additional Items from the Schøyen Collection on Sale</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2024/10/23/a-new-article-on-religion-and-historiography-and-science/">A New Article on Religion and Historiography (and Science)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2024/10/04/roberta-mazzas-stolen-fragments/">Roberta Mazza’s Stolen Fragments</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2024/09/26/tiny-inscriptions-the-capitoline-tabula-iliaca/">Tiny Inscriptions: The Capitoline Tabula Iliaca</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2024/08/27/two-good-books-on-the-shroud-of-turin/">Two Good Books on the Shroud of Turin</a> </li> </ul> </li><li id="recent-comments-2" class="widget-container widget_recent_comments"><h3 class="widget-title">Recent Comments</h3> <table class="recentcommentsavatar" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tr><td title="Brent Nongbri" class="recentcommentsavatartop" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="https://variantreadings.wordpress.com" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=48&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=48&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=72&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=96&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=144&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=192&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></a></td><td class="recentcommentstexttop" style=""><a href="https://variantreadings.wordpress.com" rel="nofollow">Brent Nongbri</a> on <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2024/08/27/two-good-books-on-the-shroud-of-turin/#comment-135644">Two Good Books on the Shroud o…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="PaulS" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6633b71ffd53a957ba397c2dd3a4d35c928350983d54143daec032974e0f12d7?s=48&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6633b71ffd53a957ba397c2dd3a4d35c928350983d54143daec032974e0f12d7?s=48&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6633b71ffd53a957ba397c2dd3a4d35c928350983d54143daec032974e0f12d7?s=72&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6633b71ffd53a957ba397c2dd3a4d35c928350983d54143daec032974e0f12d7?s=96&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6633b71ffd53a957ba397c2dd3a4d35c928350983d54143daec032974e0f12d7?s=144&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6633b71ffd53a957ba397c2dd3a4d35c928350983d54143daec032974e0f12d7?s=192&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style="">PaulS on <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2024/08/27/two-good-books-on-the-shroud-of-turin/#comment-135643">Two Good Books on the Shroud o…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="Brent Nongbri" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="https://variantreadings.wordpress.com" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=48&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=48&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=72&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=96&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=144&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=192&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></a></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style=""><a href="https://variantreadings.wordpress.com" rel="nofollow">Brent Nongbri</a> on <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2024/10/25/additional-items-from-the-schoyen-collection-on-sale/#comment-135639">Additional Items from the Schø…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="Brent Nongbri" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="https://variantreadings.wordpress.com" rel="nofollow"><img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=48&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=48&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=72&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=96&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=144&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/9725cd32e0c685db731207621b7c5a9d715e7390f3d6c7ff992c033b90b89810?s=192&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></a></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style=""><a href="https://variantreadings.wordpress.com" rel="nofollow">Brent Nongbri</a> on <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2024/10/25/additional-items-from-the-schoyen-collection-on-sale/#comment-135638">Additional Items from the Schø…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="Christian Askeland" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><img alt='' src='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ca8310ef5fee9d68fced1c3d344834fa96deadd8d2a406da511142db1a96a418?s=48&d=identicon&r=G' srcset='https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ca8310ef5fee9d68fced1c3d344834fa96deadd8d2a406da511142db1a96a418?s=48&d=identicon&r=G 1x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ca8310ef5fee9d68fced1c3d344834fa96deadd8d2a406da511142db1a96a418?s=72&d=identicon&r=G 1.5x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ca8310ef5fee9d68fced1c3d344834fa96deadd8d2a406da511142db1a96a418?s=96&d=identicon&r=G 2x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ca8310ef5fee9d68fced1c3d344834fa96deadd8d2a406da511142db1a96a418?s=144&d=identicon&r=G 3x, https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ca8310ef5fee9d68fced1c3d344834fa96deadd8d2a406da511142db1a96a418?s=192&d=identicon&r=G 4x' class='avatar avatar-48' height='48' width='48' loading='lazy' decoding='async' /></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style="">Christian Askeland on <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2024/10/25/additional-items-from-the-schoyen-collection-on-sale/#comment-135637">Additional Items from the Schø…</a></td></tr> </table> </li><li id="archives-2" class="widget-container widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">Archives</h3> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-2">Archives</label> <select id="archives-dropdown-2" name="archive-dropdown"> <option value="">Select Month</option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2024/10/'> October 2024 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2024/09/'> September 2024 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2024/08/'> August 2024 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2024/07/'> July 2024 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2024/06/'> June 2024 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2024/05/'> May 2024 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2024/04/'> April 2024 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2024/03/'> March 2024 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2024/02/'> February 2024 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2024/01/'> January 2024 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2023/12/'> December 2023 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2023/11/'> November 2023 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2023/09/'> September 2023 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2023/08/'> August 2023 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2023/07/'> July 2023 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2023/06/'> June 2023 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2023/05/'> May 2023 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2023/04/'> April 2023 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2023/02/'> February 2023 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2023/01/'> January 2023 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2022/10/'> October 2022 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2022/09/'> September 2022 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2022/08/'> August 2022 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2022/07/'> July 2022 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2022/06/'> June 2022 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2022/04/'> April 2022 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2022/03/'> March 2022 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2022/02/'> February 2022 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2022/01/'> January 2022 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/12/'> December 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/11/'> November 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/10/'> October 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/09/'> September 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/08/'> August 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/07/'> July 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/06/'> June 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/05/'> May 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/04/'> April 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/03/'> March 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/02/'> February 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2021/01/'> January 2021 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/12/'> December 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/11/'> November 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/10/'> October 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/09/'> September 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/08/'> August 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/07/'> July 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/06/'> June 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/05/'> May 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/04/'> April 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/03/'> March 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/02/'> February 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2020/01/'> January 2020 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/12/'> December 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/11/'> November 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/10/'> October 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/09/'> September 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/08/'> August 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/07/'> July 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/06/'> June 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/05/'> May 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/04/'> April 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/03/'> March 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/02/'> February 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2019/01/'> January 2019 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/12/'> December 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/11/'> November 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/'> October 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/09/'> September 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/08/'> August 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/07/'> July 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/06/'> June 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/05/'> May 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/04/'> April 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/03/'> March 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/02/'> February 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2018/01/'> January 2018 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2017/12/'> December 2017 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2017/11/'> November 2017 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2017/09/'> September 2017 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2017/08/'> August 2017 </option> <option value='https://brentnongbri.com/2017/07/'> July 2017 </option> </select> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "archives-dropdown-2" ); function onSelectChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value !== '' ) { document.location.href = this.options[ this.selectedIndex ].value; } } dropdown.onchange = onSelectChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </li><li id="categories-2" class="widget-container widget_categories"><h3 class="widget-title">Categories</h3><form action="https://brentnongbri.com" method="get"><label class="screen-reader-text" for="cat">Categories</label><select name='cat' id='cat' class='postform'> <option value='-1'>Select Category</option> <option class="level-0" value="635170006">Antiquities Dealers and Collectors</option> <option class="level-1" value="587707913">   Anthony Charles Harris</option> <option class="level-1" value="585369497">   Anton Fackelmann</option> <option class="level-1" value="117775894">   Bruce Ferrini</option> <option class="level-1" value="15470301">   Dirk Obbink</option> <option class="level-1" value="5215571">   E. A. Wallis Budge</option> <option class="level-1" value="67863124">   Erik von Scherling</option> <option class="level-1" value="716428451">   Frieda Tchacos</option> <option class="level-1" value="688375300">   Harold von Maker</option> <option class="level-1" value="702101346">   Khalil Eskander Shahin (Kando)</option> <option class="level-1" value="634134268">   Lee Biondi</option> <option class="level-1" value="770599862">   Maguid Sameda</option> <option class="level-1" value="73336144">   Martin Schøyen</option> <option class="level-1" value="71312611">   Maurice Nahman</option> <option class="level-1" value="27689562">   Scott Carroll</option> <option class="level-1" value="587707927">   Selima Harris</option> <option class="level-1" value="14664911">   Thomas Phillipps</option> <option class="level-1" value="190186643">   William Kando</option> <option class="level-0" value="5603188">Antiquities Market</option> <option class="level-0" value="13317401">Archaeological context</option> <option class="level-0" value="340251">Book binding</option> <option class="level-0" value="112846">Book covers</option> <option class="level-0" value="720567622">Book Trade in Antiquity</option> <option class="level-0" value="559451">British Museum</option> <option class="level-0" value="16275">Buddha</option> <option class="level-0" value="2232340">Capitoline Museum</option> <option class="level-0" value="424224">Cicero</option> <option class="level-0" value="2676807">Codices</option> <option class="level-0" value="33325797">Codicology</option> <option class="level-0" value="12774712">Concept of Religion</option> <option class="level-0" value="4547265">Dendrochronology</option> <option class="level-0" value="29839201">Fakes and Forgeries</option> <option class="level-0" value="1149390">Fayum Portraits</option> <option class="level-0" value="63558951">Find Stories</option> <option class="level-0" value="14884">Graffiti</option> <option class="level-0" value="12009">Imaging</option> <option class="level-0" value="635169660">Individual Manuscripts</option> <option class="level-1" value="54517071">   7Q5</option> <option class="level-1" value="602671067">   Ambrosian Iliad</option> <option class="level-1" value="610429508">   Barcelona-Montserrat Greek-Latin Codex</option> <option class="level-1" value="642439237">   Berlin Coptic Proverbs Codex</option> <option class="level-1" value="649883970">   Bodmer Codex of Visions</option> <option class="level-1" value="609272713">   Bodmer composite codex</option> <option class="level-1" value="667642157">   British Library Aristotle</option> <option class="level-1" value="667181755">   Chester Beatty Pauline Epistles</option> <option class="level-1" value="232920008">   Codex Bobiensis</option> <option class="level-1" value="6944887">   Codex Sinaiticus</option> <option class="level-1" value="232920009">   Codex Vercellensis</option> <option class="level-1" value="64675486">   Cologne Mani Codex</option> <option class="level-1" value="70451170">   Cotton Genesis</option> <option class="level-1" value="731014563">   Crosby-Schøyen Codex</option> <option class="level-1" value="4876030">   Derveni Papyrus</option> <option class="level-1" value="44334628">   Faddan More Psalter</option> <option class="level-1" value="92320436">   First Century Mark</option> <option class="level-1" value="692431022">   Freer Codex of Paul’s Letters</option> <option class="level-1" value="704106498">   Glazier Codex</option> <option class="level-1" value="672680502">   Green Collection 1 Corinthians</option> <option class="level-1" value="663554966">   Green Collection 1 Samuel</option> <option class="level-1" value="689434317">   Green Collection Aristotle</option> <option class="level-1" value="668263354">   Green Collection Greek Genesis</option> <option class="level-1" value="668322559">   Green Collection Hebrews</option> <option class="level-1" value="689697642">   Green Collection Mysteries Papyrus</option> <option class="level-1" value="668322533">   Green Collection Romans</option> <option class="level-1" value="683660237">   Green Collection Sappho</option> <option class="level-1" value="587707958">   Harris Homer</option> <option class="level-1" value="596488874">   Hawara Homer</option> <option class="level-1" value="729577528">   Magdalen College Matthew Papyrus</option> <option class="level-1" value="606642534">   Morgan Iliad</option> <option class="level-1" value="770483767">   Mudil Psalter</option> <option class="level-1" value="759168032">   Oxyrhynchus Philo</option> <option class="level-1" value="651474380">   P.Bodmer II</option> <option class="level-1" value="769392303">   P.Hib. 113</option> <option class="level-1" value="680444259">   P.Ryl. 3.457</option> <option class="level-1" value="684817740">   P.Sapph. Obbink</option> <option class="level-1" value="642312064">   Paris Philo of Alexandria</option> <option class="level-1" value="672542869">   Tchacos-Ferrini Exodus Codex</option> <option class="level-1" value="692307990">   Tchacos-Ferrini Math Codex</option> <option class="level-1" value="672430409">   Tchacos-Ferrini Pauline Epistles Codex</option> <option class="level-0" value="5158">Ink</option> <option class="level-0" value="25475">Inscriptions</option> <option class="level-0" value="12717">Judaism</option> <option class="level-0" value="504910">Justin Martyr</option> <option class="level-0" value="3267">Magic</option> <option class="level-0" value="317479">Manuscript Collections</option> <option class="level-1" value="975189">   Bodleian Library</option> <option class="level-1" value="25147389">   Bodmer Papyri</option> <option class="level-1" value="5387583">   Chester Beatty Papyri</option> <option class="level-1" value="103872">   Dead Sea Scrolls</option> <option class="level-1" value="584724977">   Duke Papyri</option> <option class="level-1" value="692431012">   Freer Codices</option> <option class="level-1" value="7921040">   Green Collection</option> <option class="level-1" value="606642549">   Hamuli Codices</option> <option class="level-1" value="320896911">   Herculaneum Papyri</option> <option class="level-1" value="590032509">   Michigan Papyri</option> <option class="level-1" value="2862047">   Morgan Library</option> <option class="level-1" value="732782">   Nag Hammadi</option> <option class="level-1" value="2027392">   Oxyrhynchus Papyri</option> <option class="level-1" value="584629811">   Robinson Papyri</option> <option class="level-1" value="170251470">   Rylands Papyri</option> <option class="level-1" value="170495801">   Schøyen Collection</option> <option class="level-1" value="692312242">   Tchacos-Ferrini Codices</option> <option class="level-1" value="326088036">   Tura Papyri</option> <option class="level-1" value="174998424">   Van Kampen Collection</option> <option class="level-1" value="215509">   Vatican Library</option> <option class="level-1" value="604568595">   Yale Papyri</option> <option class="level-0" value="368048">Martial</option> <option class="level-0" value="608353895">Monastery of Epiphanius</option> <option class="level-0" value="280845">Mummies</option> <option class="level-0" value="213934623">Mummy cartonnage</option> <option class="level-0" value="9127">Museums</option> <option class="level-0" value="42366">New Testament</option> <option class="level-0" value="48893">Ostia</option> <option class="level-0" value="12917540">Ostraca</option> <option class="level-0" value="626309837">Oxyrhynchus Sculpture</option> <option class="level-0" value="146397">Palaeography</option> <option class="level-0" value="1304308">Palimpsests</option> <option class="level-0" value="77620566">Papyrus Making</option> <option class="level-0" value="668419003">Passages Speakers Series</option> <option class="level-0" value="165960">Punctuation</option> <option class="level-0" value="129812976">Radiocarbon analysis</option> <option class="level-0" value="635170128">Scholars and Archaeologists</option> <option class="level-1" value="49580291">   Adolf Deissmann</option> <option class="level-1" value="161131000">   Bernard Grenfell</option> <option class="level-1" value="306549275">   Colin H. Roberts</option> <option class="level-1" value="82111593">   Edward Maunde Thompson</option> <option class="level-1" value="1040672">   Eric Turner</option> <option class="level-1" value="6326212">   Frank Moore Cross</option> <option class="level-1" value="68689293">   Frederic Kenyon</option> <option class="level-1" value="26094310">   Guglielmo Cavallo</option> <option class="level-1" value="36252526">   José O’Callaghan</option> <option class="level-1" value="570659219">   Scott Charlesworth</option> <option class="level-1" value="12580859">   William Matthew Flinders Petrie</option> <option class="level-0" value="22959">Sculpture</option> <option class="level-0" value="38375395">Stichometry</option> <option class="level-0" value="128454">Textual criticism</option> <option class="level-0" value="1">Uncategorized</option> <option class="level-0" value="1149">Videos</option> <option class="level-0" value="719529500">Voluminology</option> <option class="level-0" value="724390967">Working with Manuscripts</option> </select> </form><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "cat" ); function onCatChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value > 0 ) { dropdown.parentNode.submit(); } } dropdown.onchange = onCatChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </li><li id="meta-2" class="widget-container widget_meta"><h3 class="widget-title">Meta</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/start?ref=wplogin">Register</a></li> <li><a href="https://variantreadings.wordpress.com/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/feed/">Entries feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://brentnongbri.com/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/" title="Powered by WordPress, state-of-the-art semantic personal publishing platform.">WordPress.com</a></li> </ul> </li><li id="jp_blogs_i_follow-3" class="widget-container widget_jp_blogs_i_follow"><h3 class="widget-title">Related Blogs</h3><ul><li><a href="http://earlyhistoryofthecodex.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">The Early History of the Codex</a></li><li><a href="http://englianos.wordpress.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Aegean prehistory</a></li><li><a href="http://brentnongbri.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Variant Readings</a></li><li><a href="http://papyrus-stories.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Papyrus Stories</a></li><li><a href="http://alinsuciu.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Alin Suciu</a></li><li><a href="http://danbatovici.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">patristics | manuscripts</a></li><li><a href="http://teachingthecodex.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Teaching the Codex</a></li><li><a href="https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Medieval manuscripts blog</a></li><li><a href="http://evangelicaltextualcriticism.blogspot.com/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Evangelical Textual Criticism</a></li><li><a href="http://ntweblog.blogspot.com/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">NT Blog</a></li></ul></li><li id="text-5" class="widget-container widget_text"><h3 class="widget-title">Copyright</h3> <div class="textwidget"><p>© Brent Nongbri, 2017-2024. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without written permission from this site’s author is prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.</p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div id="colophon"> <div id="footer-widget-area" role="complementary"> <div id="first" class="widget-area"> <ul class="xoxo"> <li id="text-3" class="widget-container widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="site-info"> <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/" title="Variant Readings" rel="home"> Variant Readings </a> </div> <div id="site-generator"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog" rel="nofollow">Blog at WordPress.com.</a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="wpcom-follow-bubbles-jp_blogs_i_follow-3" class="wpcom-follow-bubbles"><div id="wpcom-bubble-jp_blogs_i_follow-3-1" class="wpcom-bubble wpcom-follow-bubble"><div class="bubble-txt"><a href="http://earlyhistoryofthecodex.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">The Early History of the Codex</a><p><small>The Early History of the Codex</small></p></div></div><div id="wpcom-bubble-jp_blogs_i_follow-3-2" class="wpcom-bubble wpcom-follow-bubble"><div class="bubble-txt"><a href="http://englianos.wordpress.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Aegean prehistory</a><p></p></div></div><div id="wpcom-bubble-jp_blogs_i_follow-3-3" class="wpcom-bubble wpcom-follow-bubble"><div class="bubble-txt"><a href="http://brentnongbri.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Variant Readings</a><p><small>Thoughts on History, Religion, Archaeology, Papyrology, etc. by Brent Nongbri</small></p></div></div><div id="wpcom-bubble-jp_blogs_i_follow-3-4" class="wpcom-bubble wpcom-follow-bubble"><div class="bubble-txt"><a href="http://papyrus-stories.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Papyrus Stories</a><p><small>Everyday Stories from the Ancient Past</small></p></div></div><div id="wpcom-bubble-jp_blogs_i_follow-3-5" class="wpcom-bubble wpcom-follow-bubble"><div class="bubble-txt"><a href="http://alinsuciu.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Alin Suciu</a><p><small>Patristics, Apocrypha, Coptic Literature and Manuscripts</small></p></div></div><div id="wpcom-bubble-jp_blogs_i_follow-3-6" class="wpcom-bubble wpcom-follow-bubble"><div class="bubble-txt"><a href="http://danbatovici.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">patristics | manuscripts</a><p></p></div></div><div id="wpcom-bubble-jp_blogs_i_follow-3-7" class="wpcom-bubble wpcom-follow-bubble"><div class="bubble-txt"><a href="http://teachingthecodex.com" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Teaching the Codex</a><p><small>Pedagogical Approaches to Palaeography and Codicology </small></p></div></div><div id="wpcom-bubble-jp_blogs_i_follow-3-8" class="wpcom-bubble wpcom-follow-bubble"><div class="bubble-txt"><a href="https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Medieval manuscripts blog</a><p><small>Thoughts on History, Religion, Archaeology, Papyrology, etc. by Brent Nongbri</small></p></div></div><div id="wpcom-bubble-jp_blogs_i_follow-3-9" class="wpcom-bubble wpcom-follow-bubble"><div class="bubble-txt"><a href="http://evangelicaltextualcriticism.blogspot.com/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">Evangelical Textual Criticism</a><p><small>Thoughts on History, Religion, Archaeology, Papyrology, etc. by Brent Nongbri</small></p></div></div><div id="wpcom-bubble-jp_blogs_i_follow-3-10" class="wpcom-bubble wpcom-follow-bubble"><div class="bubble-txt"><a href="http://ntweblog.blogspot.com/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="bif">NT Blog</a><p><small>Thoughts on History, Religion, Archaeology, Papyrology, etc. by Brent Nongbri</small></p></div></div></div><script type="text/javascript" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=202448b213a1cbb4e3271ca470eb7790af362ac2e18ce468f8945952c7bd3456d2132e" id="grofiles-cards-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpgroho-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script> <script> // Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars ( function() { function init() { if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) { return; } if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) { return; } Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) { WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id ); }; Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash; Gravatar.init( 'body', '#wp-admin-bar-my-account', { i18n: { 'Edit your profile': 'Edit your profile', 'View profile': 'View profile', 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.', 'Profile not found.': 'Profile not found.', 'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.', 'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.', }, } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script> <div style="display:none"> <div class="grofile-hash-map-98826d71faf13a0fc985064fbd06106a"> </div> <div class="grofile-hash-map-29b78b5d2e39617bee9d5acb2fffeba7"> </div> <div class="grofile-hash-map-a38bc3e60775f3d6b53256927d00e6e8"> </div> <div class="grofile-hash-map-fb03461192e07972fe2dae8cec993145"> </div> <div class="grofile-hash-map-701cbc323ff37daf92552964c8f356c2"> </div> <div class="grofile-hash-map-5de34e0b29d836e3babbcd0effc6c9e3"> </div> <div class="grofile-hash-map-49c4ae04fb088f844a1a4206f7bd9c8b"> </div> </div> <div id="actionbar" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-pub-twentyten actnbr-has-follow"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-comment" href="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/#comments"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-comment" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M12 16l-5 5v-5H5c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V5c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h14c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2v9c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-7z"/></g></svg> <span>Comment </span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-reblog" href=""> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-reblog" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M22.086 9.914L20 7.828V18c0 1.105-.895 2-2 2h-7v-2h7V7.828l-2.086 2.086L14.5 8.5 19 4l4.5 4.5-1.414 1.414zM6 16.172V6h7V4H6c-1.105 0-2 .895-2 2v10.172l-2.086-2.086L.5 15.5 5 20l4.5-4.5-1.414-1.414L6 16.172z"/></g></svg><span>Reblog</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://brentnongbri.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=50' srcset='https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=50 1x, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=75 1.5x, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=100 2x, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=150 3x, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=200 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> Variant Readings </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 556 other subscribers</div> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="22147168" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="8e8333adf5" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fbrentnongbri.com%252F2018%252F10%252F24%252Fp-bodmer-ii-as-evidence%252F">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://brentnongbri.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=50' srcset='https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=50 1x, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=75 1.5x, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=100 2x, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=150 3x, https://brentnongbri.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-img_5835-small.jpg?w=200 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> Variant Readings </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-customize"> <a href="https://variantreadings.wordpress.com/wp-admin/customize.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fvariantreadings.wordpress.com%2F2018%2F10%2F24%2Fp-bodmer-ii-as-evidence%2F"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-customize" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M2 6c0-1.505.78-3.08 2-4 0 .845.69 2 2 2 1.657 0 3 1.343 3 3 0 .386-.08.752-.212 1.09.74.594 1.476 1.19 2.19 1.81L8.9 11.98c-.62-.716-1.214-1.454-1.807-2.192C6.753 9.92 6.387 10 6 10c-2.21 0-4-1.79-4-4zm12.152 6.848l1.34-1.34c.607.304 1.283.492 2.008.492 2.485 0 4.5-2.015 4.5-4.5 0-.725-.188-1.4-.493-2.007L18 9l-2-2 3.507-3.507C18.9 3.188 18.225 3 17.5 3 15.015 3 13 5.015 13 7.5c0 .725.188 1.4.493 2.007L3 20l2 2 6.848-6.848c1.885 1.928 3.874 3.753 5.977 5.45l1.425 1.148 1.5-1.5-1.15-1.425c-1.695-2.103-3.52-4.092-5.448-5.977z"/></g></svg> <span>Customize</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fbrentnongbri.com%252F2018%252F10%252F24%252Fp-bodmer-ii-as-evidence%252F">Log in</a></li> <li class="actnbr-shortlink"><a href="https://wp.me/p1uVuo-lv">Copy shortlink</a></li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://brentnongbri.com/2018/10/24/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/read/blogs/22147168/posts/1333"> View post in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20241015"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20231122"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay"> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper"> <span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="jp-carousel-container">  <div class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper-container jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12"> <path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskPrev)"> <rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12"> <path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskNext)"> <rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-close-hint"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14"> <path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskClose)"> <rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-info"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-footer"> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container"> <div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container"> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskInfo)"> <rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Toggle photo comments visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskComments)"> <rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="This image has comments."></span> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-info-extra"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading"> <span>Loading Comments...</span> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container"> <span id="jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner"> </span> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div> <form id="jp-carousel-comment-form"> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" class="screen-reader-text">Write a Comment...</label> <textarea name="comment" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-textarea" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" placeholder="Write a Comment..." ></textarea> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as"> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field">Email (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="email" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field">Name (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="author" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field">Website</label> <input type="text" name="url" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field" /> </fieldset> </div> <input type="submit" name="submit" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-button" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit" value="Post Comment" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-image-meta"> <div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-info"> <h3 class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></h3> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div> </div> <ul class="jp-carousel-image-exif" style="display: none;"></ul> <a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" target="_blank" style="display: none;"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#mask0)"> <rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span> </a> <div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/brentnongbri.com\/2018\/10\/24\/p-bodmer-ii-as-evidence\/":1333}; </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-2' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJydjEEKgCAQAD+UrR6KLtFbTJfQdJXWxe9HUB/oOMMw0KtyhRpSgyyqJjkCMURs1brzZWAhyMVLQgZnryKMCbiHipfahXzC0TEP8H/2NZ94fltezbxMxkx61vEGx+U/hQ==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/_inc\/build\/carousel\/swiper-bundle.min.js"}; var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/brentnongbri.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"96b0b995c2","display_exif":"1","display_comments":"1","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size <span class=\"photo-size\">{0}<span class=\"photo-size-times\">\u00d7<\/span>{1}<\/span>","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"0","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https:\/\/variantreadings.wordpress.com\/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fbrentnongbri.com%2F2018%2F10%2F24%2Fp-bodmer-ii-as-evidence%2F","blog_id":"22147168","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"],"stats_query_args":"blog=22147168&v=wpcom&tz=0&user_id=0&subd=variantreadings","is_public":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="verbum-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.VerbumComments = {"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.","Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.","Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.":"Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.","Name":"Name","Email (address never made public)":"Email (address never made public)","Website (optional)":"Website (optional)","Leave a reply. (log in optional)":"Leave a reply. (log in optional)","Leave a comment. (log in optional)":"Leave a comment. (log in optional)","Log in to leave a reply.":"Log in to leave a reply.","Log in to leave a comment.":"Log in to leave a comment.","Logged in via %s":"Logged in via %s","Log out":"Log out","Email":"Email","(Address never made public)":"(Address never made public)","Instantly":"Instantly","Daily":"Daily","Reply":"Reply","Comment":"Comment","WordPress":"WordPress","Weekly":"Weekly","Notify me of new posts":"Notify me of new posts","Email me new posts":"Email me new posts","Email me new comments":"Email me new comments","Cancel":"Cancel","Write a comment...":"Write a comment...","Write a reply...":"Write a reply...","Website":"Website","Optional":"Optional","We'll keep you in the loop!":"We'll keep you in the loop!","Loading your comment...":"Loading your comment...","Discover more from":"Discover more from Variant Readings","Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.":"Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.","Continue reading":"Continue reading","Never miss a beat!":"Never miss a beat!","Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!":"Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!","Enter your email address":"Enter your email address","Subscribe":"Subscribe","Comment sent successfully":"Comment sent successfully","Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.":"Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.","siteId":22147168,"postId":1333,"mustLogIn":false,"requireNameEmail":true,"commentRegistration":false,"connectURL":"https:\/\/variantreadings.wordpress.com\/public.api\/connect\/?action=request&domain=brentnongbri.com","logoutURL":"https:\/\/variantreadings.wordpress.com\/wp-login.php?action=logout&_wpnonce=8440571eb5","homeURL":"https:\/\/brentnongbri.com\/","subscribeToBlog":true,"subscribeToComment":true,"isJetpackCommentsLoggedIn":false,"jetpackUsername":"","jetpackUserId":0,"jetpackSignature":"","jetpackAvatar":"https:\/\/0.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=identicon&r=G","enableBlocks":true,"enableSubscriptionModal":true,"currentLocale":"en","isJetpackComments":false,"allowedBlocks":["core\/paragraph","core\/list","core\/code","core\/list-item","core\/quote","core\/image","core\/embed","core\/quote","core\/code"],"embedNonce":"8c9c184bb0","verbumBundleUrl":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/features\/verbum-comments\/dist\/index.js","isRTL":false,"vbeCacheBuster":1721244820,"iframeUniqueId":0} /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJydUe1ShDAMfCFLD28Gfzk+ilPawAXSD5v2GN7ecoKiMur4q81mu9lN5RSE9i6BS3JgaX2LBCIzRNUXTKDrfDXwndzxbBaBco+OJeEILF8yZLgoZwjiRkanKZvSLKraW7uIRQg0VxbdEckgJ3kFZ3xcWsHT3CHRnn5gYIAUlB5FgaZQ5qwNydltYionb1VKqL+xJUct24xkCjm22YrVKkvFDOUws1MWtSCvzEe4AyMTmn550JLvWaDoPJGfvpR/CLLz/1zWs7rTKvryKfRO24Bf1qNGZAtJnKvTm9wGdPFGNj+83Uasq/pc/jsJX1QEo4yZb1d0/RrhyT7WD+dTXTf3TTO8AmAn+VY='></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomlinkedin', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=580,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-mastodon' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-mastodon' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcommastodon', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=460,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-tumblr' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-tumblr' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtumblr', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=450,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-pocket' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-pocket' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcompocket', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=450,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ (function() { try{ if ( window.external &&'msIsSiteMode' in window.external) { if (window.external.msIsSiteMode()) { var jl = document.createElement('script'); jl.type='text/javascript'; jl.async=true; jl.src='/wp-content/plugins/ie-sitemode/custom-jumplist.php'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(jl, s); } } }catch(e){} })(); // ]]> </script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20241201#ver=20241201&origin=https://brentnongbri.com' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' class='wpl-new-layout' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div class="likes-text"> <span>%d</span> </div> <ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul> </div> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?67" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'22147168','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'22147168','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','post':'1333','subd':'variantreadings'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE40eW5QN0p8M2Y/RE1mNzc2NTVTamdsd0xoLz9RQkM2K298TXY9bERQMXc2MjhEaVZfb2wwakRoSj0mUkp1THptM1NdbkV1WjZIcU9mVWQmPUIvMlN6Jk8wW3NYVEJ3dWZOWExuWD9VNTEucGVsV35zPU5yfnJXOFF1MnBkZG9JTS1YZnZNclo5OHljVk94a0lFeWVSSEc4TXdMbzE1U0MtJl1QZjRJLGFzZ0dQVmFQeVZ0alhaRGNEciZ4bFM2LlI9S1FUPVRoajBFeFpjMjVTLltUYVRwRE13Wmp6MGFUdHZ8X3I/YVFTcTF4MkRfb1ZRcUY5aUEmYnd8dixQWnRxQlloTUNzWkcmJlJtLVJrY0FSdXpOLUo9Tll1cWJqRUV6RFBkZGRzT3gyaCY3aS9fWWhEUzdIdi5BTFZbS0wvdElTZV1QVTY0K25PMVg2fE1ON1dMYzdJSFhjMC4mRTk='}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '22147168', '1333' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script> <script type='disabled' id='wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:wp-i18n:after:1'> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script> (function() { 'use strict'; const fetches = {}; const promises = {}; const urls = { 'wp-hooks': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v19.7.0/build/hooks/index.min.js?m=1732574862i&ver=84e753e2b66eb7028d38', 'wp-i18n': 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v19.7.0/build/i18n/index.min.js?m=1732574862i&ver=bd5a2533e717a1043151', 'verbum': 'https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.js?m=1731953849i&minify=false&ver=97043884103359931e09' }; const loaders = { 'verbum': () => { fetchExternalScript('wp-hooks'); fetchExternalScript('wp-i18n'); fetchExternalScript('verbum'); promises['wp-hooks'] = promises['wp-hooks'] || loadWPScript('wp-hooks'); promises['wp-i18n'] = promises['wp-i18n'] || promises['wp-hooks'].then( () => loadWPScript('wp-i18n') ); promises['verbum'] = promises['verbum'] || promises['wp-i18n'].then( () => loadWPScript('verbum') ); return promises['verbum']; }, }; const scriptExtras = { 'wp-i18n': { translations: 0, before: 0, after: 1 }, }; window.WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script = { loadScript: (handle) => { if (!loaders[handle]) { console.error('WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script: unregistered script `' + handle + '`.'); } return loaders[handle](); } }; function fetchExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } fetches[handle] = fetches[handle] || fetch(urls[handle], { mode: 'no-cors' }); return fetches[handle]; } function runExtraScript(handle, type, index) { const id = 'wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:' + handle + ':' + type + ':' + (index + 1); const template = document.getElementById(id); if (!template) { return Promise.reject(); } const script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.innerHTML = template.innerHTML; document.body.appendChild( script ); return Promise.resolve(); } function loadExternalScript(handle) { if (!urls[handle]) { return Promise.resolve(); } return fetches[handle].then(() => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { const script = document.createElement('script'); script.onload = () => resolve(); script.onerror = (e) => reject(e); script.src = urls[handle]; document.body.appendChild(script); }); }); } function loadExtra(handle, pos) { const count = (scriptExtras[handle] && scriptExtras[handle][pos]) || 0; let promise = Promise.resolve(); for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) { promise = promise.then(() => runExtraScript(handle, pos, i)); } return promise; } function loadWPScript(handle) { // Core loads scripts in this order. See: https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/a59eb9d39c4fcba834b70c9e8dfd64feeec10ba6/wp-includes/class-wp-scripts.php#L428. return loadExtra(handle, 'translations') .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'before')) .then(() => loadExternalScript(handle)) .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'after')); } } )(); </script> </body> </html>