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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governing body</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governing_body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Director-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Director-General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Director-General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Director-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Labour_Conference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Labour_Conference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>International Labour Conference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Labour_Conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Position_within_the_UN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Position_within_the_UN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Position within the UN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Position_within_the_UN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Normative_function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Normative_function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Normative function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Normative_function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Normative function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Normative_function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Conventions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protocols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protocols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Protocols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protocols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recommendations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recommendations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Recommendations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recommendations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IFTU_Bern_Conference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IFTU_Bern_Conference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>IFTU Bern Conference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IFTU_Bern_Conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commission_on_International_Labour_Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commission_on_International_Labour_Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Commission on International Labour Legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commission_on_International_Labour_Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interwar_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interwar_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Interwar period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interwar_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wartime_and_the_United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wartime_and_the_United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Wartime and the United Nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wartime_and_the_United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_War_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_War_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Cold War era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_War_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Offices</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Offices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Offices subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ILO_headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ILO_headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>ILO headquarters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ILO_headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Regional offices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sub-regional_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-regional_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Sub-regional offices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-regional_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Country_and_liaison_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country_and_liaison_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Country and liaison offices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country_and_liaison_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Programmes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programmes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programmes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Labour_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Labour statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training_and_teaching_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_and_teaching_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Training and teaching units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training_and_teaching_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Child_labour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Child_labour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Child labour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Child_labour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ILO's_response_to_child_labour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ILO's_response_to_child_labour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.1</span> <span>ILO's response to child labour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ILO's_response_to_child_labour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exceptions_in_indigenous_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exceptions_in_indigenous_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.2</span> <span>Exceptions in indigenous communities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exceptions_in_indigenous_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Action_Programme_to_Combat_Forced_Labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Action_Programme_to_Combat_Forced_Labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Action_Programme_to_Combat_Forced_Labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_forum_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_forum_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Global forum meetings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_forum_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forced_labour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forced_labour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Forced labour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forced_labour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minimum_wage_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minimum_wage_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Minimum wage law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minimum_wage_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercialized_sex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercialized_sex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Commercialized sex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercialized_sex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-'White_Slavery'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#'White_Slavery'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3.1</span> <span>'White Slavery'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-'White_Slavery'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inter-War_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inter-War_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3.2</span> <span>Inter-War Period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inter-War_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_Period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_Period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3.3</span> <span>Postwar Period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_Period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post_1975_Conference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_1975_Conference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3.3.1</span> <span>Post 1975 Conference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_1975_Conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HIV/AIDS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HIV/AIDS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>HIV/AIDS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HIV/AIDS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migrant_workers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migrant_workers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Migrant workers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migrant_workers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_workers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_workers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.6</span> <span>Domestic workers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_workers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ILO_and_globalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ILO_and_globalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.7</span> <span>ILO and globalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ILO_and_globalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_of_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_of_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.8</span> <span>Future of work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_of_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="منظمة العمل الدولية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منظمة العمل الدولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Internacional_del_Trabayu" title="Organización Internacional del Trabayu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Organización Internacional del Trabayu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyn%C9%99lxalq_%C6%8Fm%C9%99k_T%C9%99%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Beynəlxalq Əmək Təşkilatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Beynəlxalq Əmək Təşkilatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%AA%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="اولوسلارآراسی ایش تشکیلاتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اولوسلارآراسی ایش تشکیلاتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Swakirtti_Internasional" title="Organisasi Swakirtti Internasional – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Organisasi Swakirtti Internasional" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="আন্তর্জাতিক শ্রম সংস্থা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্তর্জাতিক শ্রম সংস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Міжнародная арганізацыя працы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міжнародная арганізацыя працы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Міжнародная арганізацыя працы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міжнародная арганізацыя працы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganaesesen_blong_ol_Leba_Raonwol" title="Oganaesesen blong ol Leba Raonwol – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Oganaesesen blong ol Leba Raonwol" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Международна организация на труда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Международна организация на труда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_organizacija_rada" title="Međunarodna organizacija rada – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Međunarodna organizacija rada" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organitzaci%C3%B3_Internacional_del_Treball" title="Organització Internacional del Treball – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organització Internacional del Treball" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_organizace_pr%C3%A1ce" title="Mezinárodní organizace práce – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezinárodní organizace práce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="International Labour Organization" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Arbeitsorganisation" title="Internationale Arbeitsorganisation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internationale Arbeitsorganisation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_T%C3%B6%C3%B6organisatsioon" title="Rahvusvaheline Tööorganisatsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvusvaheline Tööorganisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Διεθνής Οργανισμός Εργασίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεθνής Οργανισμός Εργασίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Internacional_del_Trabajo" title="Organización Internacional del Trabajo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organización Internacional del Trabajo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacia_Organiza%C4%B5o_de_Laboro" title="Internacia Organizaĵo de Laboro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internacia Organizaĵo de Laboro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazioarteko_Lan_Erakundea" title="Nazioarteko Lan Erakundea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nazioarteko Lan Erakundea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سازمان بین‌المللی کار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازمان بین‌المللی کار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_internationale_du_travail" title="Organisation internationale du travail – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisation internationale du travail" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Internacional_do_Traballo" title="Organización Internacional do Traballo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Organización Internacional do Traballo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="국제 노동 기구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국제 노동 기구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աշխատանքի միջազգային կազմակերպություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աշխատանքի միջազգային կազմակերպություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="अंतरराष्ट्रीय श्रम संघ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंतरराष्ट्रीय श्रम संघ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_organizacija_rada" title="Međunarodna organizacija rada – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Međunarodna organizacija rada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internaciona_Organizuro_pri_Laboro" title="Internaciona Organizuro pri Laboro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Internaciona Organizuro pri Laboro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Ketenagakerjaan_Internasional" title="Organisasi Ketenagakerjaan Internasional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Organisasi Ketenagakerjaan Internasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0avinnum%C3%A1lastofnunin" title="Alþjóðavinnumálastofnunin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alþjóðavinnumálastofnunin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizzazione_internazionale_del_lavoro" title="Organizzazione internazionale del lavoro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Organizzazione internazionale del lavoro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="ארגון העבודה הבין-לאומי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארגון העבודה הבין-לאומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILO" title="ILO – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="ILO" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%86" title="ಅಂತಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಂತಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="შრომის საერთაშორისო ორგანიზაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შრომის საერთაშორისო ორგანიზაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Халықаралық еңбек ұйымы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Халықаралық еңбек ұйымы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirika_la_kimataifa_la_kazi" title="Shirika la kimataifa la kazi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shirika la kimataifa la kazi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ganizasyon_ent%C3%A8nasyonal_travay" title="Òganizasyon entènasyonal travay – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Òganizasyon entènasyonal travay" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILO" title="ILO – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="ILO" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Эл аралык эмгек уюму – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эл аралык эмгек уюму" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_internationalis_a_laboribus" title="Ordo internationalis a laboribus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ordo internationalis a laboribus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starptautisk%C4%81_Darba_organiz%C4%81cija" title="Starptautiskā Darba organizācija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Starptautiskā Darba organizācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarptautin%C4%97_darbo_organizacija" title="Tarptautinė darbo organizacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarptautinė darbo organizacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_Munka%C3%BCgyi_Szervezet" title="Nemzetközi Munkaügyi Szervezet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzetközi Munkaügyi Szervezet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय श्रम सङ्गठन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय श्रम सङ्गठन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Меѓународна организација на трудот – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меѓународна организација на трудот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8" title="അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര തൊഴിൽ സംഘടന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര തൊഴിൽ സംഘടന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="आंतरराष्ट्रीय मजूर संस्था – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आंतरराष्ट्रीय मजूर संस्था" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertubuhan_Buruh_Antarabangsa" title="Pertubuhan Buruh Antarabangsa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertubuhan Buruh Antarabangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Олон Улсын Хөдөлмөрийн Байгууллага – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Олон Улсын Хөдөлмөрийн Байгууллага" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7" title="အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ အလုပ်သမားအဖွဲ့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ အလုပ်သမားအဖွဲ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Arbeidsorganisatie" title="Internationale Arbeidsorganisatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internationale Arbeidsorganisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय श्रम सङ्गठन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय श्रम सङ्गठन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%8A%B4%E5%83%8D%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="国際労働機関 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際労働機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_internasjonale_arbeidsorganisasjonen" title="Den internasjonale arbeidsorganisasjonen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den internasjonale arbeidsorganisasjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_internasjonale_arbeidsorganisasjonen" title="Den internasjonale arbeidsorganisasjonen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den internasjonale arbeidsorganisasjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizacion_Internacionala_del_Trabalh" title="Organizacion Internacionala del Trabalh – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Organizacion Internacionala del Trabalh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xalqaro_mehnat_tashkiloti" title="Xalqaro mehnat tashkiloti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xalqaro mehnat tashkiloti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰ ਸੰਘ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰ ਸੰਘ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA" title="انٹرنیشنل مزدور سنگت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انٹرنیشنل مزدور سنگت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%DA%93%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="د کار نړیوال سازمان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د کار نړیوال سازمان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowa_Organizacja_Pracy" title="Międzynarodowa Organizacja Pracy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowa Organizacja Pracy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Internacional_do_Trabalho" title="Organização Internacional do Trabalho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organização Internacional do Trabalho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_Muncii" title="Organizația Internațională a Muncii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Organizația Internațională a Muncii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Международная организация труда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международная организация труда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D1%8D_%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Үлэ аан дойдутааҕы тэрилтэтэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Үлэ аан дойдутааҕы тэрилтэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizata_Nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtare_e_Pun%C3%ABs" title="Organizata Ndërkombëtare e Punës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Organizata Ndërkombëtare e Punës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIT" title="BIT – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="BIT" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ලෝක කම්කරු සංවිධානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලෝක කම්කරු සංවිධානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="International Labour Organization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1_organiz%C3%A1cia_pr%C3%A1ce" title="Medzinárodná organizácia práce – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Medzinárodná organizácia práce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mednarodna_organizacija_dela" title="Mednarodna organizacija dela – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mednarodna organizacija dela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ururka_Shaqaalaha_Aduunka" title="Ururka Shaqaalaha Aduunka – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ururka Shaqaalaha Aduunka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8E%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ilo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ilo (disambiguation)">Ilo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">International Labour Organization</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Labour_Organization_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/International_Labour_Organization_Logo.svg/175px-International_Labour_Organization_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/International_Labour_Organization_Logo.svg/263px-International_Labour_Organization_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/International_Labour_Organization_Logo.svg/350px-International_Labour_Organization_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="419" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">ILO</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">11 April 1919<span class="noprint">; 105 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1919-04-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">United Nations specialized agency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official languages </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director-general</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Houngbo" title="Gilbert Houngbo">Gilbert Houngbo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">3,651 (in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Award(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (1969)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilo.org/">www<wbr />.ilo<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54129#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>International Labour Organization</b> (<b>ILO</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting <a href="/wiki/International_labour_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="International labour standards">international labour standards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded in October 1919 under the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>, it is one of the first and oldest <a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">specialized agencies of the UN</a>. The ILO has <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_International_Labour_Organization" title="Member states of the International Labour Organization">187 member states</a>: 186 out of 193 <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">UN member states</a> plus the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>. It is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland, with around 40 field offices around the world, and employs some 3,381 staff across 107 nations, of whom 1,698 work in technical cooperation programmes and projects.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ILO's standards are aimed at ensuring accessible, productive, and sustainable <a href="/wiki/Work_(human_activity)" title="Work (human activity)">work</a> worldwide in conditions of freedom, equity, security and dignity.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-international_labour_standards2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-international_labour_standards2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are set forth in <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Labour_Organization_Conventions" title="List of International Labour Organization Conventions">189 conventions and treaties</a>, of which eight are classified as fundamental according to the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_Fundamental_Principles_and_Rights_at_Work" title="Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work">Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work</a>; together they protect freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a>, the elimination of forced or compulsory labour, the abolition of <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">child labour</a>, and the elimination of <a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">discrimination</a> in respect of <a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">employment</a> and occupation. The ILO is a major contributor to <a href="/wiki/International_labour_law" title="International labour law">international labour law</a>. </p><p>Within the UN system the organization has a unique tripartite structure: all standards, policies, and programmes require discussion and approval from the representatives of governments, employers, and workers. This framework is maintained in the ILO's three main bodies: The International Labour Conference, which meets annually to formulate international labour standards; the Governing Body, which serves as the executive council and decides the agency's policy and budget; and the International Labour Office, the permanent secretariat that administers the organization and implements activities. The secretariat is led by the Director-General, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Houngbo" title="Gilbert Houngbo">Gilbert Houngbo</a> of Togo, who was elected by the Governing Body in 2022. </p><p>In 1969, the ILO received the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> for improving <a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">fraternity</a> and peace among nations, pursuing <a href="/wiki/Decent_work" title="Decent work">decent work</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">justice</a> for workers, and providing technical assistance to other developing nations.<sup id="cite_ref-nobel_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the organization convened the Global Commission on the Future of Work, whose report made ten recommendations for governments to meet the challenges of the 21st century labour environment; these include a universal labour guarantee, social protection from birth to old age and an entitlement to lifelong learning.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With its focus on international development, it is a member of the United Nations Development Group, a coalition of UN organizations aimed at helping meet the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance,_organization,_and_membership"><span id="Governance.2C_organization.2C_and_membership"></span>Governance, organization, and membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Governance, organization, and membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OIT,_Gen%C3%A8ve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/OIT%2C_Gen%C3%A8ve.jpg/220px-OIT%2C_Gen%C3%A8ve.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/OIT%2C_Gen%C3%A8ve.jpg/330px-OIT%2C_Gen%C3%A8ve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/OIT%2C_Gen%C3%A8ve.jpg/440px-OIT%2C_Gen%C3%A8ve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5509" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>ILO headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland</figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike other United Nations specialized agencies, the International Labour Organization (ILO) has a <a href="/wiki/Tripartism" title="Tripartism">tripartite</a> governing structure that brings together governments, employers, and workers of 187 member States, to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all women and men. The structure is intended to ensure the views of all three groups are reflected in ILO labour standards, policies, and programmes, though governments have twice as many representatives as the other two groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governing_body">Governing body</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Governing body"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Governing Body is the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive body</a> of the International Labour Organization. It meets three times a year, in March, June and November. It takes decisions on ILO policy, decides the agenda of the International Labour Conference, adopts the draft Programme and Budget of the Organization for submission to the Conference, elects the Director-General, requests information from the member states concerning labour matters, appoints commissions of inquiry and supervises the work of the International Labour Office. </p><p>The Governing Body is composed of 56 titular members (28 governments, 14 employers and 14 workers) and 66 deputy members (28 governments, 19 employers and 19 workers). </p><p>Ten of the titular government seats are permanently held by States of chief industrial importance: <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other Government members are elected by the Conference every three years (the last elections were held in June 2021).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Employer and Worker members are elected in their individual capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Director-General">Director-General</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Director-General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 March 2022 <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Fossoun_Houngbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert Fossoun Houngbo">Gilbert Fossoun Houngbo</a> was elected Director-General of ILO.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 October 2022 he succeeded <a href="/wiki/Guy_Ryder" title="Guy Ryder">Guy Ryder</a>, who was elected by the ILO Governing Body in October 2012, and re-elected for a second five-year-term in November 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the organization's first African Director-General. In 2024, a group of African countries that play a crucial role visited the International Labour Office, such as Morocco, where they held talks with the Minister of Economic Integration, Small Business, Employment, and Skills Development, Younes Sekouri.<sup id="cite_ref-f990_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f990-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list of the Directors-General of ILO since its establishment in 1919 is as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Term </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_Thomas_(minister)" title="Albert Thomas (minister)">Albert Thomas</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></span></td> <td>1919–1932 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harold_Butler_(civil_servant)" title="Harold Butler (civil servant)">Harold Butler</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></td> <td>1932–1938 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_G._Winant" class="mw-redirect" title="John G. Winant">John G. Winant</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></td> <td>1939–1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Phelan" title="Edward J. Phelan">Edward J. Phelan</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Ireland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></span></td> <td>1941–1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_A._Morse" title="David A. Morse">David A. Morse</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></td> <td>1948–1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Wilfred_Jenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence Wilfred Jenks">Clarence Wilfred Jenks</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></td> <td>1970–1973 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blanchard" title="Francis Blanchard">Francis Blanchard</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></span></td> <td>1974–1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michel_Hansenne" title="Michel Hansenne">Michel Hansenne</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Belgium"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></span></td> <td>1989–1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_Somav%C3%ADa" title="Juan Somavía">Juan Somavía</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Chile"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></span></td> <td>1999–2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guy_Ryder" title="Guy Ryder">Guy Ryder</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></td> <td>2012–2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Houngbo" title="Gilbert Houngbo">Gilbert Houngbo</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Togo"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></span></td> <td>2022–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Labour_Conference">International Labour Conference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: International Labour Conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once a year, the ILO organizes the International Labour Conference (ILC) in Geneva to set the broad policies of the ILO, including conventions and recommendations.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also known as the "international parliament of labour", the conference makes decisions about the ILO's general policy, work programme and budget and also elects the Governing Body. </p><p>The first conference took place in 1919:<sup id="cite_ref-vittin_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vittin-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> see <a href="#Interwar_period">Interwar period</a> below. </p><p>Each member state is represented by a delegation composed of two government delegates, an employer delegate, a worker delegate. All of them have individual voting rights and all votes are equal, regardless of the population of the delegate's member State. The employer and worker delegates are normally chosen in agreement with the most representative national organizations of employers and workers. Usually, the workers and employers' delegates coordinate their voting. All delegates have the same rights and are not required to vote in blocs. </p><p>Delegates can attend with advisers and substitute delegates,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and all have the same rights: they can express themselves freely and vote as they wish. This diversity of viewpoints does not prevent decisions from being adopted by very large majorities or <a href="/wiki/Unanimously" class="mw-redirect" title="Unanimously">unanimously</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Heads of State and prime ministers also participate in the Conference. International organizations, both governmental and others, also attend but as observers. </p><p>The 109th session of the International Labour Conference was delayed from 2020 to May 2021 and was held online because of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. The first meeting was on 20 May 2021 in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> for the election of its officers. Further sittings were held in June, November and December.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 110th session took place from 27 May to 11 June 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 111th session of the International Labour Conference took place in June 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Labour_Organization_flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/International_Labour_Organization_flag.jpg/220px-International_Labour_Organization_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/International_Labour_Organization_flag.jpg/330px-International_Labour_Organization_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/International_Labour_Organization_flag.jpg/440px-International_Labour_Organization_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2524" data-file-height="1884" /></a><figcaption>International Labour Organization flag</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_International_Labour_Organization" title="Member states of the International Labour Organization">Member states of the International Labour Organization</a></div> <p>The ILO has 187 state members. 186 of the 193 <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">member states of the United Nations</a> plus the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> are members of the ILO.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UN member states which are not members of the ILO are <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ILO constitution permits any member of the UN to become a member of the ILO. To gain membership, a nation must inform the director-general that it accepts all the obligations of the ILO constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-EotN-Membership_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EotN-Membership-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other, non-UN states can be admitted by a two-thirds vote of all delegates, including a two-thirds vote of government delegates, at any ILO General Conference. The Cook Islands, a non-UN state, joined in June 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Countries that had been members of the ILO under the League of Nations remained members when the organization's new constitution came into effect in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Position_within_the_UN">Position within the UN</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Position within the UN"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ILO is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with other UN specialized agencies (or programmes) working on <a href="/wiki/International_development" title="International development">international development</a>, the ILO is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Group">United Nations Development Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Normative_function">Normative function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Normative function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conventions">Conventions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Conventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Labour_Organization_Conventions" title="List of International Labour Organization Conventions">List of International Labour Organization Conventions</a></div> <p>Through July 2018, the ILO had adopted 189 conventions. If these conventions are ratified by enough governments, they come in force. However, ILO conventions are considered <a href="/wiki/International_labour_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="International labour standards">international labour standards</a> regardless of ratification. When a convention comes into force, it creates a legal obligation for ratifying nations to apply its provisions. </p><p>Every year the International Labour Conference's Committee on the Application of Standards examines a number of alleged breaches of international labour standards. Governments are required to submit reports detailing their compliance with the obligations of the conventions they have ratified. Conventions that have not been ratified by member states have the same legal force as recommendations. </p><p>In 1998, the 86th International Labour Conference adopted the <i><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_Fundamental_Principles_and_Rights_at_Work" title="Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work">Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work</a></i>. This declaration contains four fundamental policies:<sup id="cite_ref-ILO-Declaration_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILO-Declaration-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The right of workers to associate freely and <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">bargain collectively</a></li> <li>The end of <a href="/wiki/Unfree_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfree labour">forced and compulsory labour</a></li> <li>The end of <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">child labour</a></li> <li>The end of <a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">unfair discrimination among workers</a></li></ul> <p>The ILO asserts that its members have an obligation to work towards fully respecting these principles, embodied in relevant ILO conventions. The ILO conventions that embody the fundamental principles have now been ratified by most member states.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protocols">Protocols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Protocols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This device is employed for making conventions more flexible or for amplifying obligations by amending or adding provisions on different points. Protocols are always linked to Convention, even though they are international treaties they do not exist on their own. As with Conventions, Protocols can be ratified. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recommendations">Recommendations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Recommendations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recommendations do not have the binding force of conventions and are not subject to ratification. Recommendations may be adopted at the same time as conventions to supplement the latter with additional or more detailed provisions. In other cases recommendations may be adopted separately and may address issues separate from particular conventions.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the ILO was established as an agency of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, its founders had made great strides in social thought and action before 1919. The core members all knew one another from earlier private professional and ideological networks, in which they exchanged knowledge, experiences, and ideas on social policy. Pre-war "<a href="/wiki/Epistemic_community_(international_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistemic community (international relations)">epistemic communities</a>", such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Association_for_Labour_Legislation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Association for Labour Legislation (page does not exist)">International Association for Labour Legislation</a> (IALL), founded in 1900, and political networks, such as the <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_International" title="Second International">Second International</a>, were a decisive factor in the institutionalization of international labour politics.<sup id="cite_ref-VanDaele_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanDaele-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the post-World War I euphoria, the idea of a "makeable society" was an important catalyst behind the social engineering of the ILO architects. As a new discipline, international labour law became a useful instrument for putting social reforms into practice. The utopian ideals of the founding members—social justice and the right to decent work—were changed by diplomatic and political compromises made at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a> of 1919, showing the ILO's balance between idealism and pragmatism.<sup id="cite_ref-VanDaele_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanDaele-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the course of the First World War, the international <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">labour movement</a> proposed a comprehensive programme of protection for the working classes, conceived as compensation for labour's support during the war.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Post-war reconstruction and the protection of labour unions occupied the attention of many nations during and immediately after World War I. In Great Britain, the <a href="/wiki/National_Whitley_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="National Whitley Council">Whitley Commission</a>, a subcommittee of the Reconstruction Commission, recommended in its July 1918 Final Report that "industrial councils" be established throughout the world.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">British Labour Party</a> had issued its own reconstruction programme in the document titled <i>Labour and the New Social Order</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1918, the third <a href="/wiki/Inter-Allied_Socialist_Conferences_of_World_War_I" title="Inter-Allied Socialist Conferences of World War I">Inter-Allied Labour and Socialist Conference</a> (representing delegates from Great Britain, France, Belgium and Italy) issued its report, advocating an international labour rights body, an end to secret diplomacy, and other goals.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And in December 1918, the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor" title="American Federation of Labor">American Federation of Labor</a> (AFL) issued its own distinctively apolitical report, which called for the achievement of numerous incremental improvements via the <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> process.<sup id="cite_ref-Foner_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foner-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IFTU_Bern_Conference">IFTU Bern Conference</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: IFTU Bern Conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the war drew to a close, two competing visions for the post-war world emerged. The first was offered by the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="International Federation of Trade Unions">International Federation of Trade Unions</a> (IFTU), which called for a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, Switzerland, in July 1919. The Bern meeting would consider both the future of the IFTU and the various proposals which had been made in the previous few years. The IFTU also proposed including delegates from the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> as equals. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gompers" title="Samuel Gompers">Samuel Gompers</a>, president of the AFL, boycotted the meeting, wanting the Central Powers delegates in a subservient role as an admission of guilt for their countries' role in bringing about war. Instead, Gompers favoured a meeting in Paris which would consider President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points" title="Fourteen Points">Fourteen Points</a> only as a platform. Despite the American boycott, the Bern meeting went ahead as scheduled. In its final report, the Bern Conference demanded an end to wage labour and the establishment of socialism. If these ends could not be immediately achieved, then an international body attached to the League of Nations should enact and enforce legislation to protect workers and trade unions.<sup id="cite_ref-Foner_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foner-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commission_on_International_Labour_Legislation">Commission on International Labour Legislation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Commission on International Labour Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a> sought to dampen public support for communism. Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied Powers</a> agreed that clauses should be inserted into the emerging peace treaty protecting labour unions and workers' rights, and that an international labour body be established to help guide international labour relations in the future. The advisory Commission on International Labour Legislation was established by the Peace Conference to draft these proposals. The Commission met for the first time on 1 February 1919, and Gompers was elected as the chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-Foner_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foner-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picture_of_Samuel_Gompers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Picture_of_Samuel_Gompers.jpg/170px-Picture_of_Samuel_Gompers.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Picture_of_Samuel_Gompers.jpg/255px-Picture_of_Samuel_Gompers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Picture_of_Samuel_Gompers.jpg/340px-Picture_of_Samuel_Gompers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption>Samuel Gompers (right) with <a href="/wiki/Albert_Thomas_(minister)" title="Albert Thomas (minister)">Albert Thomas</a>, 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>Two competing proposals for an international body emerged during the Commission's meetings. The British proposed establishing an international parliament to enact labour laws which each member of the League would be required to implement. Each nation would have two delegates to the parliament, one each from labour and management.<sup id="cite_ref-Foner_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foner-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An international labour office would collect statistics on labour issues and enforce the new international laws. Philosophically opposed to the concept of an international parliament and convinced that international standards would lower the few protections achieved in the United States, Gompers proposed that the international labour body be authorized only to make recommendations and that enforcement be left up to the League of Nations. Despite vigorous opposition from the British, the American proposal was adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-Foner_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foner-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gompers also set the agenda for the draft charter protecting workers' rights. The Americans made 10 proposals. Three were adopted without change: That labour should not be treated as a commodity; that all workers had the right to a wage sufficient to live on; and that women should receive equal pay for equal work. A proposal protecting the freedom of speech, press, assembly, and association was amended to include only freedom of association. A proposed ban on the international shipment of goods made by children under the age of 16 was amended to ban goods made by children under the age of 14. A proposal to require an <a href="/wiki/Eight-hour_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight-hour day">eight-hour work day</a> was amended to require the eight-hour work day <i>or</i> the 40-hour work week (an exception was made for countries where productivity was low). Four other American proposals were rejected. Meanwhile, international delegates proposed three additional clauses, which were adopted: One or more days for weekly rest; equality of laws for foreign workers; and regular and frequent inspection of factory conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Foner_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foner-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Commission issued its final report on 4 March 1919, and the Peace Conference adopted it without amendment on 11 April. The report became Part XIII of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Foner_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foner-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interwar_period">Interwar period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Interwar period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1919-ILC-secretariatstaff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/1919-ILC-secretariatstaff.jpg/440px-1919-ILC-secretariatstaff.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/1919-ILC-secretariatstaff.jpg/660px-1919-ILC-secretariatstaff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/1919-ILC-secretariatstaff.jpg/880px-1919-ILC-secretariatstaff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1708" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Greenwood, Ernest H. (of the United States – Deputy secretary general of the conference) / Secretary General: Harold B. Butler (Great Britain) / Deputy Secretaries General: Ernest H. Greenwood (United States) / Guido Pardo (Italy) /Legal Adviser: Manley 0. Hudson (United States) / with staff of the first International Labour Conference, in Washington, D.C., in 1919, in front of the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Union_Building" title="Pan American Union Building">Pan American Union Building</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first annual International Labour Conference (ILC) began on 29 October 1919 at the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Union_Building" title="Pan American Union Building">Pan American Union Building</a> in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and adopted the first six International Labour Conventions, which dealt with hours of work in industry, unemployment, maternity protection, night work for women, minimum age, and night work for young persons in industry.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prominent French socialist <a href="/wiki/Albert_Thomas_(minister)" title="Albert Thomas (minister)">Albert Thomas</a> became its first director-general. </p><p>Despite open disappointment and sharp critique, the revived <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="International Federation of Trade Unions">International Federation of Trade Unions</a> (IFTU) quickly adapted itself to this mechanism. The IFTU increasingly oriented its international activities around the lobby work of the ILO.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of establishment, the U.S. government was not a member of ILO, as the US Senate rejected the covenant of the League of Nations, and the United States could not join any of its agencies. Following the election of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> to the U.S. presidency, the new administration made renewed efforts to join the ILO without league membership. On 19 June 1934, the U.S. Congress passed a joint resolution authorizing the president to join ILO without joining the League of Nations as a whole. On 22 June 1934, the ILO adopted a resolution inviting the U.S. government to join the organization. On 20 August 1934, the U.S. government responded positively and took its seat at the ILO. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wartime_and_the_United_Nations">Wartime and the United Nations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Wartime and the United Nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, when Switzerland was surrounded by German troops, ILO director <a href="/wiki/John_G._Winant" class="mw-redirect" title="John G. Winant">John G. Winant</a> made the decision to leave Geneva. In August 1940, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">government of Canada</a> officially invited the ILO to be housed at <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> in Montreal. Forty staff members were transferred to the temporary offices and continued to work from McGill until 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ILO became the first specialized agency of the United Nations system after the demise of the League in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-e11022_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e11022-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its constitution, as amended, includes the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Philadelphia" title="Declaration of Philadelphia">Declaration of Philadelphia</a> (1944) on the aims and purposes of the organization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War_era">Cold War era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cold War era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minister_of_Labor_Mr._Wilopo_is_having_a_conversation_with_the_Deputy_Director_General_of_the_ILO_Dr._R._Rao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Minister_of_Labor_Mr._Wilopo_is_having_a_conversation_with_the_Deputy_Director_General_of_the_ILO_Dr._R._Rao.jpg/220px-Minister_of_Labor_Mr._Wilopo_is_having_a_conversation_with_the_Deputy_Director_General_of_the_ILO_Dr._R._Rao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Minister_of_Labor_Mr._Wilopo_is_having_a_conversation_with_the_Deputy_Director_General_of_the_ILO_Dr._R._Rao.jpg/330px-Minister_of_Labor_Mr._Wilopo_is_having_a_conversation_with_the_Deputy_Director_General_of_the_ILO_Dr._R._Rao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Minister_of_Labor_Mr._Wilopo_is_having_a_conversation_with_the_Deputy_Director_General_of_the_ILO_Dr._R._Rao.jpg/440px-Minister_of_Labor_Mr._Wilopo_is_having_a_conversation_with_the_Deputy_Director_General_of_the_ILO_Dr._R._Rao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>R. Rao, the Deputy Director General of ILO with <a href="/wiki/Wilopo" title="Wilopo">Wilopo</a>, the then-Indonesian labor minister, 15 March 1950</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in the late 1950s the organization was under pressure to make provisions for the potential membership of ex-colonies which had become independent; in the Director General's report of 1963 the needs of the potential new members were first recognized.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tensions produced by these changes in the world environment negatively affected the established politics within the organization<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they were the precursor to the eventual problems of the organization with the USA. </p><p>In July 1970, the United States withdrew 50% of its financial support to the ILO following the appointment of an assistant director-general from the Soviet Union. This appointment (by the ILO's British director-general, <a href="/wiki/C._Wilfred_Jenks" title="C. Wilfred Jenks">C. Wilfred Jenks</a>) drew particular criticism from <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a> president <a href="/wiki/George_Meany" title="George Meany">George Meany</a> and from New Jersey Assemblyman <a href="/wiki/John_E._Rooney_(politician)" title="John E. Rooney (politician)">John E. Rooney</a>. However, the funds were eventually paid.<sup id="cite_ref-Beigbeder1979_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beigbeder1979-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tripartite.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tripartite.png/220px-Tripartite.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tripartite.png/330px-Tripartite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tripartite.png/440px-Tripartite.png 2x" data-file-width="2811" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Ratifications of 1976 <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Consultation_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripartite Consultation Convention">Tripartite Consultation Convention</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 12 June 1975, the ILO voted to grant the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Liberation Organization">Palestinian Liberation Organization</a> observer status at its meetings. Representatives of the United States and Israel walked out of the meeting. The <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> subsequently decided to withhold funds. The United States gave notice of full withdrawal on 6 November 1975, stating that the organization had become politicized. The United States also suggested that representation from communist countries was not truly "<a href="/wiki/Tripartism" title="Tripartism">tripartite</a>"—including government, workers, and employers—because of the structure of these economies. The withdrawal became effective on 1 November 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-Beigbeder1979_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beigbeder1979-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States returned to the organization in 1980 after extracting some concession from the organization. It was partly responsible for the ILO's shift away from a human rights approach and towards support for the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Consensus" title="Washington Consensus">Washington Consensus</a>. Economist <a href="/wiki/Guy_Standing_(Economist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guy Standing (Economist)">Guy Standing</a> wrote "the ILO quietly ceased to be an international body attempting to redress structural inequality and became one promoting employment equity".<sup id="cite_ref-Standing2008_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standing2008-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981, the government of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> declared <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>. It interrupted the activities of <a href="/wiki/Solidarno%C5%9B%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarność">Solidarność</a> detained many of its leaders and members. The ILO Committee on Freedom of Association filed a complaint against Poland at the 1982 International Labour Conference. A Commission of Inquiry established to investigate found Poland had violated ILO Conventions No. 87 on freedom of association<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and No. 98 on trade union rights,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which the country had ratified in 1957. The ILO and many other countries and organizations put pressure on the Polish government, which finally gave legal status to Solidarność in 1989. During that same year, there was a roundtable discussion between the government and Solidarnoc which agreed on terms of relegalization of the organization under ILO principles. The government also agreed to hold the first free elections in Poland since the Second World War.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offices">Offices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ILO_headquarters">ILO headquarters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: ILO headquarters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cwr_aerial_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Cwr_aerial_1937.jpg/220px-Cwr_aerial_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Cwr_aerial_1937.jpg/330px-Cwr_aerial_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Cwr_aerial_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>Centre William Rappard, seat of the ILO between 1926 and 1974, now hosting the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">WTO</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The ILO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. In its first months of existence in 1919, it offices were located in London, only to move to Geneva in the summer 1920. The first seat in Geneva was on the Pregny hill in the <i>Ariana</i> estate, in the building that used to host the Thudicum boarding school and currently the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>. As the office grew, the Office relocated to a purpose-built headquarters by the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Leman" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Leman">lake Leman</a>, designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Epitaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Epitaux (page does not exist)">Georges Epitaux</a> and inaugurated in 1926 (currently the sear of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>). During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> the Office was temporarily relocated to <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Canada. </p><p>The current seat of the ILO's headquarters is located on the Pregny hill, not far from its initial seat. The building, a biconcave rectangular block designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_Beaudoin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène Beaudoin (page does not exist)">Eugène Beaudoin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Pier Luigi Nervi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Camenzind" title="Alberto Camenzind">Alberto Camenzind</a>, was purpose-built between 1969–1974 in a severe rationalist style and, at the time of construction, constituted the largest administrative building in Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_offices">Regional offices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Regional offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Regional Office for <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a>, Côte d'Ivoire</li> <li>Regional Office for <a href="/wiki/Asia_and_the_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia and the Pacific">Asia and the Pacific</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, Thailand</li> <li>Regional Office for <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland</li> <li>Regional Office for <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru</li> <li>Regional Office for the <a href="/wiki/Arab_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab States">Arab States</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, Lebanon</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sub-regional_offices">Sub-regional offices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sub-regional offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Called "Decent Work Technical Support Teams (DWT)", they provide technical support to the work of a number of countries under their area of competence. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OIT_Santiago_20200127_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/OIT_Santiago_20200127_06.jpg/220px-OIT_Santiago_20200127_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/OIT_Santiago_20200127_06.jpg/330px-OIT_Santiago_20200127_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/OIT_Santiago_20200127_06.jpg/440px-OIT_Santiago_20200127_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>ILO office in <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, Chile</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>DWT for North Africa, in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt</li> <li>DWT for West Africa, in <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, Senegal</li> <li>DWT for Eastern and Southern Africa, in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, South Africa</li> <li>DWT for Central Africa, in <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a>, Cameroon</li> <li>DWT for the Arab States, in Beirut, Lebanon</li> <li>DWT for South Asia, in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India</li> <li>DWT for East and South-East Asia and the Pacific, in Bangkok, Thailand</li> <li>DWT for Central and Eastern Europe, in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary</li> <li>DWT for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia</li> <li>DWT for the Andean Countries, in Lima, Peru</li> <li>DWT for the Caribbean Countries, in <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Spain" title="Port of Spain">Port of Spain</a>, Trinidad and Tobago</li> <li>DWT for Central American Countries, in <a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9,_Costa_Rica" title="San José, Costa Rica">San José, Costa Rica</a></li> <li>DWT for Countries of the South Cone of Latin America, in <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, Chile</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_and_liaison_offices">Country and liaison offices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Country and liaison offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In Africa: <a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a>, Cairo, Dakar, <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a>, Pretoria, Yaoundé</li> <li>In the Arab States: Beirut, <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li>In Asia and the Pacific: Bangkok, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, New Delhi, <a href="/wiki/Suva" title="Suva">Suva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a></li> <li>In Europe and Central Asia: <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Budapest, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li>In the Americas: <a href="/wiki/Brasilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brasilia">Brasilia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, Lima, Port-of-Spain, San José, Santiago, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programmes">Programmes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour_statistics">Labour statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Labour statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ILO is a major provider of labour statistics. Labour statistics are an important tool for its member states to monitor their progress toward improving labour standards. As part of their statistical work, ILO maintains several databases.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This database covers 11 major data series for over 200 countries. In addition, ILO publishes a number of compilations of labour statistics, such as the Key Indicators of Labour Markets<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (KILM). KILM covers 20 main indicators on labour participation rates, employment, unemployment, educational attainment, labour cost, and economic performance. Many of these indicators have been prepared by other organizations. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_international_labor_comparisons" title="Division of international labor comparisons">Division of International Labour Comparisons</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics</a> prepares the hourly compensation in manufacturing indicator.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">U.S. Department of Labor</a> also publishes a yearly report containing a <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Goods_Produced_by_Child_Labor_or_Forced_Labor" title="List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor">List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> issued by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_International_Labor_Affairs" title="Bureau of International Labor Affairs">Bureau of International Labor Affairs</a>. The December 2014 updated edition of the report listed a total of 74 countries and 136 goods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training_and_teaching_units">Training and teaching units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Training and teaching units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Training_Centre_of_the_International_Labour_Organization" title="International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization">International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization</a> (ITCILO) is based in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin_Department_of_Law" title="University of Turin Department of Law">University of Turin Department of Law</a>, the ITC offers training for ILO officers and secretariat members, as well as offering educational programmes. The ITC offers more than 450 training and educational programmes and projects every year for some 11,000 people around the world. </p><p>For instance, the ITCILO offers a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">Master of Laws</a> programme in management of development, which aims specialize professionals in the field of cooperation and development.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Child_labour">Child labour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Child labour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Child_labour_in_Madagascar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Child_labour_in_Madagascar.jpg/220px-Child_labour_in_Madagascar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Child_labour_in_Madagascar.jpg/330px-Child_labour_in_Madagascar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Child_labour_in_Madagascar.jpg/440px-Child_labour_in_Madagascar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>These young boys are among the millions of children in child labour worldwide. They work at a brickyard in Antsirabe, Madagascar.</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">child labour</a></i> is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, potential, dignity, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. </p><p><i>Child labour</i> refers to work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children. Further, it can involve interfering with their schooling by depriving them of the opportunity to attend school, obliging them to leave school prematurely, or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its most extreme forms, child labour involves children being enslaved, separated from their families, exposed to serious hazards and illnesses and left to fend for themselves on the streets of large cities – often at a very early age. Whether or not particular forms of "work" can be called <i>child labour</i> depends on the child's age, the type and hours of work performed, the conditions under which it is performed and the objectives pursued by individual countries. The answer varies from country to country, as well as among sectors within countries.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ILO's_response_to_child_labour"><span id="ILO.27s_response_to_child_labour"></span>ILO's response to child labour</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: ILO's response to child labour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minimum_age_convention.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Minimum_age_convention.png/220px-Minimum_age_convention.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Minimum_age_convention.png/330px-Minimum_age_convention.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Minimum_age_convention.png/440px-Minimum_age_convention.png 2x" data-file-width="2867" data-file-height="1306" /></a><figcaption>Parties to ILO's <a href="/wiki/Minimum_Age_Convention,_1973" title="Minimum Age Convention, 1973">1973 Minimum Age Convention</a>, and the minimum ages they have designated: purple, 14 years; green, 15 years; blue, 16 years</figcaption></figure> <p>The ILO's <a href="/wiki/International_Programme_on_the_Elimination_of_Child_Labour" title="International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour">International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour</a> (IPEC) was created in 1992 with the overall goal of the progressive elimination of child labour, which was to be achieved through strengthening the capacity of countries to deal with the problem and promoting a worldwide movement to combat child labour. The IPEC currently has operations in 88 countries, with an annual expenditure on technical cooperation projects that reached over US$61 million in 2008. It is the largest programme of its kind globally and the biggest single operational programme of the ILO. </p><p>The number and range of the IPEC's partners have expanded over the years and now include employers' and workers' organizations, other international and government agencies, private businesses, community-based organizations, NGOs, the media, parliamentarians, the judiciary, universities, religious groups and children and their families. </p><p>The IPEC's work to eliminate child labour is an important facet of the ILO's Decent Work Agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Child labour prevents children from acquiring the skills and education they need for a better future.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ILO also hosts a Global Conference on the Elimination of Child Labour every four years. The most recent conference was held in Durban, South Africa from 15 to 20 May 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ILO has established the <a href="/wiki/World_Day_Against_Child_Labour" title="World Day Against Child Labour">World Day Against Child Labour</a> on June 12 as an annual event starting in 2002 to raise awareness and prompt action to tackle <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">child labour</a> worldwide. Coinciding with the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a>, the event particularly targets the eradication of its worst forms, like slavery and the use of child soldiers, by 2025. The ILO distinguishes between detrimental child labour, which hinders children's development and education, and acceptable work that supports their growth and learning.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the World Day's theme, 'Social Justice for All. End Child Labour!', calls for reinvigorated global efforts towards achieving social justice and underscores the critical need for the universal ratification and enforcement of ILO Conventions No. 138 and No. 182 to protect all children from child labour.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exceptions_in_indigenous_communities">Exceptions in indigenous communities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Exceptions in indigenous communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of different cultural views involving labour, the ILO developed a series of <a href="/wiki/Culturally_sensitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Culturally sensitive">culturally sensitive</a> mandates, including convention Nos. 169, 107, 138, and 182, to protect indigenous culture, traditions, and identities. Convention Nos. 138 and 182 lead in the fight against <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">child labour</a>, while Nos. 107 and 169 promote the rights of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people">indigenous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tribal_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribal people">tribal peoples</a> and protect their right to define their own developmental priorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many indigenous communities,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (July 2019)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> parents believe that children learn important life lessons through the act of work and through the participation in daily life. Working is seen as a learning process preparing children of the future tasks they will eventually have to do as an adult.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a belief that the family's and child well-being and survival is a shared responsibility between members of the whole family. They also see work as an intrinsic part of their child's developmental process. While these attitudes toward <a href="/wiki/Child_work_in_indigenous_American_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Child work in indigenous American cultures">child work</a> remain, many children and parents from indigenous communities still highly value education.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Action_Programme_to_Combat_Forced_Labor">Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour (SAP-FL) was created in November 2001 "to tackle the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour, one of its foremost concerns, through both technical assistance and promotional means."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAP-FL has developed indicators of forced labour practices<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and published survey reports on forced labour.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_forum_meetings">Global forum meetings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Global forum meetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ILO organizes regular international tripartite gatherings and global dialogue fora on issues of interest to specific sectors of business and employment,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example on <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chain</a> safety in the packing of <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">containers</a> for global shipping (2011),<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on employment conditions in <a href="/wiki/Early_childhood_education" title="Early childhood education">early childhood education</a> (2012).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues">Issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Labour_Organization_Conventions" title="List of International Labour Organization Conventions">List of International Labour Organization Conventions</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forced_labour">Forced labour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Forced labour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krych%C3%B3w_forced_labour_camp_1940_(Krowie_Bagno).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Krych%C3%B3w_forced_labour_camp_1940_%28Krowie_Bagno%29.jpg/220px-Krych%C3%B3w_forced_labour_camp_1940_%28Krowie_Bagno%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Krych%C3%B3w_forced_labour_camp_1940_%28Krowie_Bagno%29.jpg/330px-Krych%C3%B3w_forced_labour_camp_1940_%28Krowie_Bagno%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Krych%C3%B3w_forced_labour_camp_1940_%28Krowie_Bagno%29.jpg/440px-Krych%C3%B3w_forced_labour_camp_1940_%28Krowie_Bagno%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption>Krychów forced labour camp 1940 (Krowie Bagno)</figcaption></figure> <p>The ILO has considered the fight against <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">forced labour</a> to be one of its main priorities. During the interwar years, the issue was mainly considered a colonial phenomenon, and the ILO's concern was to establish minimum standards protecting the inhabitants of colonies from the worst abuses committed by economic interests.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1945, the goal became to set a uniform and universal standard, determined by the higher awareness gained during World War II of politically and economically motivated systems of forced labour, but debates were hampered by the Cold War and by exemptions claimed by colonial powers. Since the 1960s, declarations of labour standards as a component of human rights have been weakened by government of postcolonial countries claiming a need to exercise extraordinary powers over labour in their role as emergency regimes promoting rapid economic development.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forced_Labour_Convention_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Forced_Labour_Convention_map.svg/220px-Forced_Labour_Convention_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Forced_Labour_Convention_map.svg/330px-Forced_Labour_Convention_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Forced_Labour_Convention_map.svg/440px-Forced_Labour_Convention_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="205" /></a><figcaption>Ratifications of the ILO's 1930 <a href="/wiki/Forced_Labour_Convention" title="Forced Labour Convention">Forced Labour Convention</a>, with non-ratifiers shown in red</figcaption></figure> <p>In June 1998, the International Labour Conference adopted a <a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_Fundamental_Principles_and_Rights_at_Work" title="Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work">Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work</a> and its follow-up that obligates member states to respect, promote and realize freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining, the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour, the effective abolition of child labour, and the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. </p><p>With the adoption of the declaration, the ILO created the InFocus Programme on Promoting the Declaration which is responsible for the reporting processes and technical cooperation activities associated with the declaration; and it carries out awareness raising, advocacy and knowledge functions. </p><p>In November 2001, following the publication of the InFocus Programme's first global report on forced labour, the ILO's governing body created a special action programme to combat forced labour (SAP-FL),<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of broader efforts to promote the 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its follow-up. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abolition_of_Forced_Labour_Convention.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Abolition_of_Forced_Labour_Convention.png/220px-Abolition_of_Forced_Labour_Convention.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Abolition_of_Forced_Labour_Convention.png/330px-Abolition_of_Forced_Labour_Convention.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Abolition_of_Forced_Labour_Convention.png/440px-Abolition_of_Forced_Labour_Convention.png 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="1847" /></a><figcaption>Ratifications of the ILO's 1957 Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, with non-ratifiers shown in red</figcaption></figure> <p>Since its inception, the SAP-FL has focused on raising global awareness of forced labour in its different forms, and mobilizing action against its manifestation. Several thematic and country-specific studies and surveys have since been undertaken, on such diverse aspects of forced labour as <a href="/wiki/Bonded_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonded labour">bonded labour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, forced domestic work, rural servitude, and forced prisoner labour. </p><p>In 2013, the SAP-FL was integrated into the ILO's Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work Branch (FUNDAMENTALS)<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bringing together the fight against forced and child labour and working in the context of Alliance 8.7.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One major tool to fight forced labour was the adoption of the ILO Forced Labour Protocol by the International Labour Conference in 2014. It was ratified for the second time in 2015 and on 9 November 2016 it entered into force. The new protocol brings the existing ILO Convention 29 on Forced Labour,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adopted in 1930, into the modern era to address practices such as human trafficking. The accompanying Recommendation 203 provides technical guidance on its implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the ILO launched a global campaign to end modern slavery, in partnership with the International Organization of Employers (IOE) and the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC). The 50 for Freedom campaign aims to mobilize public support and encourage countries to ratify the ILO's Forced Labour Protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minimum_wage_law">Minimum wage law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Minimum wage law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To protect the right of labours for fixing <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a>, ILO has created <a href="/wiki/Minimum_Wage-Fixing_Machinery_Convention,_1928" title="Minimum Wage-Fixing Machinery Convention, 1928">Minimum Wage-Fixing Machinery Convention, 1928</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minimum_Wage_Fixing_Machinery_(Agriculture)_Convention,_1951" title="Minimum Wage Fixing Machinery (Agriculture) Convention, 1951">Minimum Wage Fixing Machinery (Agriculture) Convention, 1951</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minimum_Wage_Fixing_Convention,_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimum Wage Fixing Convention, 1970">Minimum Wage Fixing Convention, 1970</a> as <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_law" title="Minimum wage law">minimum wage law</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercialized_sex">Commercialized sex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Commercialized sex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="'White_Slavery'"><span id=".27White_Slavery.27"></span>'<a href="/wiki/White_Slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="White Slavery">White Slavery</a>'</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: 'White Slavery'"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the creation of the ILO in 1919, legislation and preconceived notions about commercialized sex already existed around the globe. The first example of this legislation was passed by the British parliament in 1885 in response to local citizens in Britain who demanded parliament abolish "white slavery" and raise the age of consent for girls.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term '<a href="/wiki/White_Slavery_(prostitution)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Slavery (prostitution)">white slavery</a>' was used in the 19th century to describe girls and women who had been <a href="/wiki/Racialized_society" title="Racialized society">racialized</a> as "<a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a>" but nevertheless taken advantage of by professional seducers who manipulated them into becoming prostitutes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the turn of the twentieth century, the focus of laws in England shifted to protecting the country's borders from the supposed threat of foreign girls.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Alien_Acts_of_1905" class="mw-redirect" title="Alien Acts of 1905">Alien Acts of 1905</a> focused on preventing Jewish immigration, but it created the foundation for future legislation that would be used to crack down on foreign prostitutes.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This law enhanced British power to repatriate foreign women suspected of prostitution.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_87-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inter-War_Period">Inter-War Period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Inter-War Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the moment its creation in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">1919 Treaty of Versailles</a>, the ILO has been concerned with the controversial issue of commercial sex. Prior to the creation of the ILO and <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>, the issue of sex work had been exclusively under the jurisdiction of the state, now, the ILO and League of Nations believed the issue transcended borders and within their jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early twentieth, commercialized sex was considered both immoral and criminal activity. Initially, the ILO strongly believed prostitution was linked to vulnerable single working women emigrating to other nations without being under the paternal supervision of a man.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the widespread destruction caused by <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the ILO saw prostitution as spreading contagion requiring regulation.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the leadership of the French socialist Albert Thomas, the ILO created a medical division whose primary focus was on male sailors whose lives were viewed as "nomadic" and "promiscuous", which made these men susceptible to infection of STD's.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the conclusion of the Genoa maritime conference in 1920, the ILO proclaimed itself as the critical leader of the prevention and treatment of STD's in sailors. In the interwar years, the ILO also sought to protect female workers in dangers trades, but delegates to ILO Conferences did not consider the sex trade to be "work", which was conceived of as industrial labor.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ILO believed that if women worked industrial jobs, this would be a deterrent from them living immoral lives. In order to make these industrial jobs more attractive, the ILO promoted better wages and safer working conditions, both intended to prevent women from falling victim to the temptation of the sex trades.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postwar_Period">Postwar Period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Postwar Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the surrender of the Japanese military and the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, a new inter-governmental governing body, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, was formed, while the ILO continued to be the primary international body governing labor. Following the creation of the United Nations, the ILO took a back seat to the newly formed organization on the issue of commercialized sex. The UN Commission on the Status of Women called for abolishing both sex trafficking and prostitution.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Socialist countries proclaimed they had eliminated the issue of prostitution through the economic empowerment of their citizens. This claim linked prostitution to economic causes.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1950s, the UN Economic and Social Council and the International Police Organization sought to end any activity that resembled slavery, classifying sex trafficking and prostitution as criminal rather than labor issues.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These new initiatives by the United Nations would lead to later debates at the <a href="/wiki/World_Conference_on_Women,_1975" title="World Conference on Women, 1975">World Conference on Women</a> in Mexico City during <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Year" title="International Women's Year">International Women's Year</a> in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coming out of the Conference in Mexico City, delegates pleaded with governments all over the globe to take action to prevent the forced prostitution of both women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Post_1975_Conference">Post 1975 Conference</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Post 1975 Conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in 1976, the ILO and other organizations began to examine the working and living conditions of rural women in Third World countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One example the ILO investigated was the "go-go" bars and the growing phenomenon of "hired wives" in Thailand, which both thrived because the development of U.S. military bases in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1970s, the ILO established the "Programme on Rural Women", which investigated the involvement of young masseuses in the sex trade in Bangkok.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of this investigation, <a href="/wiki/Pasuk_Phongpaichit" title="Pasuk Phongpaichit">Pasuk Phongpaichit</a>, a Thai doctor who received her degree from Cambridge University, interviewed fifty masseuses and explored why these rural women were migrating from the countryside to Bangkok and why they chose to become prostitutes.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_94-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phongpaichit also investigated the women's experiences after migrating and the impact on the women's families after leaving the countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_94-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This report exposed the wide income gap between rural and urban families and emphasized economic motives.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_94-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was critical because it was the first time in the history of the ILO or any of its branches that prostitution was described as a form of labor.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_94-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the decades that followed, the increase in sexual tourism and the exploding AIDS epidemic strengthened ILO interest in the commercial sex trade.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An ILO Senior Specialist on Women Workers' Questions for Asia and the Pacific, Lin Lim, published another study directly influenced by Phongpaichit's findings. Lim's study detailed the different social and economic factors that directly contributed to the growth of the sex industry in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The findings emphasized the economic reasons for and advantages of entering into the commercial sex trade, including increased wages, flexibility between work and home life and the ability to migrate.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authors of this report argued the sex industry should be recognized as a legitimate economic sector.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_95-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would take another decade until the ILO discussed commercialized sex, this time, it would be under the shadow of the exploding AIDS epidemic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HIV/AIDS"><span id="HIV.2FAIDS"></span>HIV/AIDS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: HIV/AIDS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The International Labour Organization (ILO) is the lead <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a>-agency on <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> workplace policies and programmes and private sector mobilization. ILOAIDS<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the branch of the ILO dedicated to this issue. </p><p>The ILO has been involved with the HIV response since 1998, attempting to prevent potentially devastating impact on <a href="/wiki/Contract_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Contract labour">labour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Productivity" title="Productivity">productivity</a> and that it says can be an enormous burden for working people, their families and communities. In June 2001, the ILO's governing body adopted a pioneering code of practice on HIV/AIDS and the world of work,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was launched during a special session of the UN General Assembly. </p><p>The same year, ILO became a cosponsor of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS</a> (UNAIDS). </p><p>In 2010, the 99th International Labour Conference adopted the ILO's recommendation concerning HIV and AIDS and the world of work, 2010 (No. 200),<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first international labour standard on HIV and AIDS. The recommendation lays out a comprehensive set of principles to protect the rights of HIV-positive workers and their families, while scaling up prevention in the workplace. Working under the theme of <i>Preventing HIV, Protecting Human Rights at Work</i>, ILOAIDS undertakes a range of policy advisory, research and technical support functions in the area of HIV and AIDS and the world of work. The ILO also works on promoting social protection as a means of reducing vulnerability to HIV and mitigating its impact on those living with or affected by HIV. </p><p>ILOAIDS ran a "Getting to Zero"<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> campaign to arrive at zero new infections, zero AIDS-related deaths and zero-<a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> by 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (July 2019)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> Building on this campaign, ILOAIDS is executing a programme of voluntary and confidential counselling and testing at work, known as VCT@WORK.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migrant_workers">Migrant workers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Migrant workers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the word "migrant" suggests, <a href="/wiki/Migrant_worker" title="Migrant worker">migrant workers</a> refer to those who moves from one country to another to do their job. For the rights of migrant workers, the first ILC adopted a recommendation on equality and coordination,<sup id="cite_ref-vittin_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vittin-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the ILO has adopted conventions, including <a href="/wiki/Migrant_Workers_(Supplementary_Provisions)_Convention,_1975" class="mw-redirect" title="Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975">Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_All_Migrant_Workers_and_Members_of_Their_Families" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families">United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families</a> in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_workers">Domestic workers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Domestic workers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Domestic workers are those who perform a variety of tasks for and in other peoples' homes. For example, they may cook, clean the house, and look after children. Yet they are often the ones with the least consideration, excluded from labour and social protection. This is mainly due to the fact that women have traditionally carried out the tasks without pay.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the rights and <a href="/wiki/Decent_work" title="Decent work">decent work</a> of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">domestic workers</a> including <a href="/wiki/Migrant_domestic_workers" title="Migrant domestic workers">migrant domestic workers</a>, ILO has adopted the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Domestic_Workers" title="Convention on Domestic Workers">Convention on Domestic Workers</a> on 16 June 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ILO_and_globalization">ILO and globalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: ILO and globalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seeking a process of globalization that is inclusive, democratically governed and provides opportunities and tangible benefits for all countries and people. The World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization was established by the ILO's governing body in February 2002 at the initiative of the director-general in response to the fact that there did not appear to be a space within the multilateral system that would cover adequately and comprehensively the social dimension of the various aspects of globalization. The World Commission Report, A Fair Globalization: Creating Opportunities for All, is the first attempt at structured dialogue among representatives of constituencies with different interests and opinions on the social dimension of globalization.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_of_work">Future of work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Future of work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ILO launched the Future of Work Initiative in order to gain understanding on the transformations that occur in the world of work and thus be able to develop ways of responding to these challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initiative begun in 2016 by gathering the views of government representatives, workers, employers, academics and other relevant figures around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 110 countries participated in dialogues at the regional and national level. These dialogues were structured around "four centenary conversations: work and society, decent jobs for all, the organization of work and production, and the governance of work." The second step took place in 2017 with the establishment of the Global Commission on the Future of Work dealing with the same "four centenary conversations". A report was published for the 2019 Centenary International Labour Conference. ILO also assessed the impact of technological disruptions on employments worldwide. The agency was worried about the global economic and health impact of technology, like industrial and process automation, artificial intelligence (AI), Robots and robotic process of automation on human labour and was increasingly being considered by commentators, but in widely divergent ways. Among the salient views technology was going to bring less work, make workers redundant or end work by replacing the human labour. The other fold of view was technological creativity and abundant opportunities for economy boosts. In the modern era, technology has changed the way we think, design, and deploy the system solutions, but no doubt there are threats to human jobs. Paul Schulte (Director of the Education and Information Division, and Co-Manager of the Nanotechnology Research Center, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control) and <a href="/wiki/D._P._Sharma" title="D. P. Sharma">D. P. Sharma</a>, (International Consultant, Information Technology and Scientist) clearly articulated such disruptions and warned that it will be worse than ever before if appropriate, timely actions are not taken. They said that human generation needs to reinvent in terms of competitive accuracy, speed, capacity and honesty. Machines are more honest than human labours and pose a crystal clear threat to this generation. The science and technology have no reverse gear and accepting the challenge "Human vs. Machine" is the only remedy for survival.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ILO has also looked at the transition to a <a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">green economy</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Green_growth#Employment" title="Green growth">impact thereof on employment</a>. It came to the conclusion a shift to a greener economy could create 24 million <a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">new jobs</a> globally by 2030, if <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy" title="Environmental policy">the right policies</a> are put in place. Also, if a transition to a green economy were not to take place, 72 million full-time jobs may be lost by 2030 due to heat stress, and temperature increases will lead to shorter available work hours, particularly in agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_archives" title="League of Nations archives">League of Nations archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Declaration_on_Safety_and_Health_at_Work" title="Seoul Declaration on Safety and Health at Work">Seoul Declaration on Safety and Health at Work</a>, 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_clause" title="Social clause">Social clause</a>, the integration of seven core ILO labour rights conventions into trade agreements</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Digital_Access_to_the_League_of_Nations_Archives_Project_(LONTAD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Total Digital Access to the League of Nations Archives Project (LONTAD)">Total Digital Access to the League of Nations Archives Project (LONTAD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Global_Compact" title="United Nations Global Compact">United Nations Global Compact</a>, 1999–2000, encouraging businesses to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_Against_Child_Labour" title="World Day Against Child Labour">World Day Against Child Labour</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://unsceb.org/hr-organization">https://unsceb.org/hr-organization</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/mission-and-objectives/lang--en/index.htm">"Mission and impact of the ILO"</a>. <i>International Labour Organization</i>. 28 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301081628/http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/mission-and-objectives/lang--en/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2024.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Labour+Organization&rft.atitle=Departments+and+offices&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fglobal%2Fabout-the-ilo%2Fhow-the-ilo-works%2Fdepartments-and-offices%2Flang--en%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/lang--en/index.htm">"Labour standards"</a>. <i>International Labour Organization</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200501235733/https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/lang--en/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rights+at+Work&rft.atitle=ILO+Declaration+on+Fundamental+Principles+and+Rights+at+Work&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fdeclaration%2Flang--en%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the list of ratifications at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120524225645/http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/docs/declworld.htm">Ilo.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12010:0::NO:::">"Recommendations"</a>. <i>International Labour Organization</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Labour+Organization&rft.atitle=Recommendations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fdyn%2Fnormlex%2Fen%2Ff%3Fp%3DNORMLEXPUB%3A12010%3A0%3A%3ANO%3A%3A%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VanDaele-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VanDaele_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VanDaele_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanDaele,_Jasmien2005" class="citation journal cs1">VanDaele, Jasmien (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020859005002178">"Engineering Social Peace: Networks, Ideas, And the Founding of the International Labour Organization"</a>. <i>International Review of Social History</i>. <b>50</b> (3): 435–466. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020859005002178">10.1017/S0020859005002178</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+Social+History&rft.atitle=Engineering+Social+Peace%3A+Networks%2C+Ideas%2C+And+the+Founding+of+the+International+Labour+Organization&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=435-466&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020859005002178&rft.au=VanDaele%2C+Jasmien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0020859005002178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haimson, Leopold H. and Sapelli, Giulio. <i>Strikes, Social Conflict, and the First World War: An International Perspective.</i> Milan: Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-07-99047-4" title="Special:BookSources/88-07-99047-4">88-07-99047-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro,_Stanley1976" class="citation journal cs1">Shapiro, Stanley (1976). 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Vol. 7: Labor and World War I, 1914–1918.</i> New York: International Publishers, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7178-0638-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7178-0638-3">0-7178-0638-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/P/09616/09616(1919-1).pdf">"International Labor Conference. October 29, 1919 – November 29, 1919"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Labour Organization</i>. Washington Government Printing Office 1920. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012135621/http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/P/09616/09616%281919-1%29.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Labour+Organization&rft.atitle=International+Labor+Conference.+October+29%2C+1919+%E2%80%93+November+29%2C+1919&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fpublic%2Flibdoc%2Filo%2FP%2F09616%2F09616%281919-1%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilo.org/public/english/about/history.htm">"Origins and history"</a>. <i>International Labour Organization</i>. 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Labour+Organization&rft.atitle=Origins+and+history&rft.date=2024-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fpublic%2Fenglish%2Fabout%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReiner_Tosstorff2005" class="citation journal cs1">Reiner Tosstorff (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orca-mwe.cf.ac.uk/3948/1/International_Trade-Union_Movement.pdf">"The International Trade-Union Movement and the Founding of the International Labour Organization"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Review of Social History</i>. <b>50</b> (3): 399–433. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020859005002166">10.1017/S0020859005002166</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130319131726/http://orca-mwe.cf.ac.uk/3948/1/International_Trade-Union_Movement.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+Social+History&rft.atitle=The+International+Trade-Union+Movement+and+the+Founding+of+the+International+Labour+Organization&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=399-433&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020859005002166&rft.au=Reiner+Tosstorff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forca-mwe.cf.ac.uk%2F3948%2F1%2FInternational_Trade-Union_Movement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilo.org/public/english/support/lib/century/index2.htm">"ILO"</a>. <i>International Labour Organization</i>. 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Labour+Organization&rft.atitle=ILO&rft.date=2024-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fpublic%2Fenglish%2Fsupport%2Flib%2Fcentury%2Findex2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e11022-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e11022_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630004817/https://www.ilo.org/dyn/media/mediasearch.fiche?p_id=16023&p_lang=en">"Photo Gallery"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Labour+Organization&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+technology+on+work+and+the+workforce&rft.date=2019-03-09&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Paul+Schulte+%26+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fglobal%2Ftopics%2Fsafety-and-health-at-work%2Fevents-training%2Fevents-meetings%2Fworld-day-for-safety%2F33thinkpieces%2FWCMS_681603%2Flang--en%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.patrika.com/jaipur-news/jaipur-professor-keynote-in-tamilnadu-3247894/"><bdi lang="hi">इंडस्ट्रियल इंटरनेट ऑफ़ थिंग्स से 5 साल में 20-34 प्रतिशत रोजगार हो जाएंगे कम: प्रोफेसर शर्मा</bdi></a>. <i>Patrika News</i> (in Hindi). 12 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Patrika+News&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F+%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC+%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+5+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+20-34+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%3A+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE&rft.date=2018-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.patrika.com%2Fjaipur-news%2Fjaipur-professor-keynote-in-tamilnadu-3247894%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internationalnewsandviews.com/an-entrepreneur-should-be-aware-of-the-dangers-in-human-resource-tech/">"An Entrepreneur Should Be Aware of the Dangers in Human Resource Tech"</a>. <i>www.internationalnewsandviews.com</i>. May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.internationalnewsandviews.com&rft.atitle=An+Entrepreneur+Should+Be+Aware+of+the+Dangers+in+Human+Resource+Tech&rft.date=2019-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.internationalnewsandviews.com%2Fan-entrepreneur-should-be-aware-of-the-dangers-in-human-resource-tech%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internationalnewsandviews.com/industrial-development-should-be-balanced-with-balanced-natural-development-and-justice/">"Industrial development should be balanced with natural justice and development"</a>. <i>www.internationalnewsandviews.com</i>. 7 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.internationalnewsandviews.com&rft.atitle=Industrial+development+should+be+balanced+with+natural+justice+and+development&rft.date=2019-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.internationalnewsandviews.com%2Findustrial-development-should-be-balanced-with-balanced-natural-development-and-justice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/04/green-economy-could-create-24-million-new-jobs/">Green economy could create 24 million new jobs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/weso/greening-with-jobs/lang--en/index.htm">Greening with jobs – World Employment and Social Outlook 2018</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alcock, A. <i>History of the International Labour Organization</i> (London, 1971)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1922" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Butler, Harold Beresford (1922). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/International Labour Organization"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/International_Labour_Organization">"International Labour Organization" </a></span>. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=International+Labour+Organization&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=The+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Company&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Harold+Beresford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Labour+Organization" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Chisholm, A. <i>Labour's Magna Charta: A Critical Study of the Labour Clauses of the Peace Treaty and of the Draft Conventions and Recommendations of the Washington International Labour Conference</i> (London, 1925)</li> <li>Dufty, N.F. "Organizational Growth and Goal Structure: The Case of the ILO," <i>International Organization</i> 1972 Vol. 26, pp 479–498 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2706128">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Endres, A.; Fleming, G. <i>International Organizations and the Analysis of Economic Policy, 1919–1950</i> (Cambridge, 2002)</li> <li>Evans, A.A. <i>My Life as an International Civil Servant in the International Labour Organization</i> (Geneva, 1995)</li> <li>Ewing, K. <i>Britain and the ILO</i> (London, 1994)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1950201">Fried, John H. E. "Relations Between the United Nations and the International Labor Organization," <i>American Political Science Review</i>, Vol. 41, No. 5 (October 1947), pp. 963–977 in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Galenson, Walter. <i>The International Labor Organization: An American View</i> (Madison, 1981)</li> <li>Ghebali, Victor-Yves. "The International Labour Organisation : A Case Study on the Evolution of U.N. Specialised Agencies" <i>Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers</i>, (1989)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16647">Guthrie, Jason. "The international labor organization and the social politics of development, 1938–1969." (PhD Dissertation, University of Maryland, 2015). </a></li> <li>Haas, Ernst B. "Beyond the nation-state: functionalism and international organization" <i>Colchester, ECPR Press</i>, (2008)</li> <li>Heldal, H. "Norway in the International Labour Organization, 1919–1939" <i>Scandinavian Journal of History</i> 1996 Vol. 21, pp 255–283,</li> <li>Imber, M.F. <i>The USA, ILO, UNESCO and IAEA: politicization and withdrawal in the Specialized Agencies</i> (1989)</li> <li>Johnston, G.A. <i>The International Labour Organization: Its Work for Social and Economic Progress</i> (London, 1970)</li> <li>Ahmady, Kameel 2021:<i><a href="/wiki/Traces_of_Exploitation_in_the_World_of_Childhood" title="Traces of Exploitation in the World of Childhood">Traces of Exploitation in the World of Childhood</a></i> <i>(A Comprehensive Research on Forms, Causes and Consequences of Child Labour in Iran)</i>. Avaye Buf Publisher, Denmark</li> <li>McGaughey, E. 'The International Labour Organization's Next Century: Economic Democracy, and the Undemocratic Third' (2021) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09615768.2021.1969758">32(2) King's Law Journal 287</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3927964">and on SSRN</a></li> <li>Manwaring, J. <i>International Labour Organization: A Canadian View</i> (Ottawa, 1986)</li> <li>Morse, David. <i>The Origin and Evolution of the ILO and its Role in the World Community</i> (Ithaca, 1969)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1969/labour/lecture/">Morse, David. "International Labour Organization – Nobel Lecture: ILO and the Social Infrastructure of Peace"</a></li> <li>Ostrower, Gary B. "The American decision to join the international labor organization", <i>Labor History</i>, Volume 16, Issue 4 Autumn 1975, pp 495–504 The U.S. joined in 1934</li> <li>Silva, Vicente. "The ILO and the future of work: The politics of global labour policy". Global Social Policy. March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/14680181211004853">https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/14680181211004853</a></li> <li>VanDaele, Jasmien. "The International Labour Organization (ILO) In Past and Present Research," <i>International Review of Social History</i> 2008 53(3): 485–511, historiography</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amina_J._Mohammed" title="Amina J. Mohammed">Amina J. Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Francis_(diplomat)" title="Dennis Francis (diplomat)"> Dennis Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">UN System</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">Charter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Preamble to the United Nations Charter">Preamble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal organs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">selections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations">Under-Secretary-General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice" title="Statute of the International Court of Justice">Statute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_elections" title="United Nations Security Council elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Security Council">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Presidency of the United Nations Security Council">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Reform of the United Nations Security Council">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_veto_power" title="United Nations Security Council veto power">Veto power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council" title="United Nations Trusteeship Council">Trusteeship Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System#Funds_and_programmes,_research_and_training_institutes,_and_other_bodies" title="United Nations System">Funds, programmes,<br />and other bodies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peace" title="Culture of Peace">Culture of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">ITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">MINURSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Court_for_Sierra_Leone" title="Special Court for Sierra Leone">SCSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">UNAIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Capital_Development_Fund" title="United Nations Capital Development Fund">UNCDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_International_Trade_Law" title="United Nations Commission on International Trade Law">UNCITRAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Trade_and_Development" title="UN Trade and Development">UNCTAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Global_Communications" title="United Nations Department of Global Communications">UNDGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">UNDPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">UNEP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNEP_OzonAction" title="UNEP OzonAction">OzonAction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRID-Arendal" title="GRID-Arendal">UNEP/GRID-Arendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conservation_Monitoring_Centre" title="World Conservation Monitoring Centre">UNEP-WCMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">UNFPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-HABITAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">UNICRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">UNIDIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">UNITAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations-Oceans" title="United Nations-Oceans">UN-Oceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">UNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNOSAT" title="UNOSAT">UNOSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">UNRISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">UNSDG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">UNSSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">UNU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNU-CRIS" title="UNU-CRIS">UNU-CRIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNU-OP" title="UNU-OP">UNU-OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Volunteers" title="United Nations Volunteers">UNV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialized agencies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">ICAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">IFAD</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ILO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">IMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">UPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Engineering_Organizations" title="World Federation of Engineering Organizations">WFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">WMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">IBRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">IDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat offices<br />and departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">Department of Peace Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Political_and_Peacebuilding_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs">Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_for_Safety_and_Security" title="United Nations Department for Safety and Security">Department for Safety and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Division_for_Palestinian_Rights" title="United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights">Division for Palestinian Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">Office at Geneva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Nations" title="Palace of Nations">Palace of Nations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">Office at Nairobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">Office at Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs">Office for Disarmament Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Outer_Space_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs">Office for Outer Space Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Partnerships" title="United Nations Office for Partnerships">Office for Partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Internal_Oversight_Services" title="United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services">Office of Internal Oversight Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Legal_Affairs" title="United Nations Office of Legal Affairs">Office of Legal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_the_High_Representative_for_the_Least_Developed_Countries,_Landlocked_Developing_Countries_and_Small_Island_Developing_States" title="United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States">Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary-General%27s_Envoy_on_Youth" title="Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth">Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Special_Representative_of_the_Secretary-General_on_Sexual_Violence_in_Conflict" title="Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict">Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Spokesperson_for_the_Secretary-General" title="Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General">Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Sport_for_Development_and_Peace" title="United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace">Office on Sport for Development and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_organizations_by_location" title="List of United Nations organizations by location">UN organizations by location</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">Members<br />and observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations#1940s" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Founding members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations#Current_members" title="Member states of the United Nations">Full members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">Security Council Permanent members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_representative_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent representative to the United Nations">Permanent representatives to the UN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_permanent_representatives_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of current permanent representatives to the United Nations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">General Assembly Observers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations" title="History of the United Nations">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preceding years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telegraph Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">International Office of Public Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_archives" title="League of Nations archives">archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Organisation of the League of Nations">organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Member states of the League of Nations">member states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparatory years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_St_James%27s_Palace" title="Declaration of St James's Palace">Declaration of St James's Palace</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Moscow Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">Conference on International Organization</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a> (1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="History of United Nations peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="List of United Nations peacekeeping missions">missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Timeline of United Nations peacekeeping missions">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_governed_by_the_United_Nations" title="List of territories governed by the United Nations">governed territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Police" title="United Nations Police">UNPOL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drafting_of_the_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights">drafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Convention" title="World Heritage Convention">World Heritage Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Committee on the Rights of the Child">committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Caucus" title="Indigenous Caucus">Indigenous Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Declaration on the Rights of Peasants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_resolution" title="United Nations resolution">Resolutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vetoed_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions" title="List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions">Security Council vetoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-sixth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">67th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_resolution" title="United Nations Security Council resolution">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iran" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iraq" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_relating_to_Lebanon" title="List of United Nations resolutions relating to Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_North_Korea" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Palestine" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Syria" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Western_Sahara" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Yemen" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2021 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2016 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li>International Court of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2023 International Court of Justice judges election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2022 International Court of Justice judges election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2021 International Court of Justice judges election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2020 International Court of Justice judges election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2017 International Court of Justice judges election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2014 International Court of Justice judges election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2011 International Court of Justice judges election">2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_General_Assembly_presidential_election" title="2016 United Nations General Assembly presidential election">General Assembly President (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Security_Council_election" title="2016 United Nations Security Council election">Security Council (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Nations" title="Outline of the United Nations">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Advisory_Committee_of_Local_Authorities" title="United Nations Advisory Committee of Local Authorities">Advisory Committee of Local Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Art_Collection" title="United Nations Art Collection">Art Collection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_mural" title="United Nations Security Council mural">Security Council mural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_by_Block_(program)" title="Block by Block (program)">Block By Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Sphere_Woodrow_Wilson_Memorial" title="Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial">Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Committee_of_International_Staff_Unions_and_Associations_of_the_United_Nations_System" title="Coordinating Committee of International Staff Unions and Associations of the United Nations System">CCISUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty" title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_Nations" title="Criticism of the United Nations">Criticism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delivering_as_One" title="Delivering as One">Delivering as One</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_control_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug control treaties">Drug control treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_Nations" title="Expulsion from the United Nations">Expulsion from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_Tempore_(magazine)" title="Ex Tempore (magazine)"><i>Ex Tempore</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Federal_Credit_Union" title="United Nations Federal Credit Union">Federal Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Civil_Servants%27_Associations" title="Federation of International Civil Servants' Associations">FICSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Honour_Flag" title="United Nations Honour Flag">Honour Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Nations_Initiative" title="Four Nations Initiative">Four Nations Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Global_Compact" title="United Nations Global Compact">Global Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Total_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons">International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Peace" title="International Day of Peace">International Day of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Decade_for_a_Culture_of_Peace_and_Non-Violence_for_the_Children_of_the_World" title="International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World">International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School" title="United Nations International School">International School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School_of_Hanoi" title="United Nations International School of Hanoi">Hanoi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interpretation_Service" title="United Nations Interpretation Service">Interpretation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_laissez-passer" title="United Nations laissez-passer">laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Memorial_Cemetery" title="United Nations Memorial Cemetery">Memorial Cemetery Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Staff_Committee" title="Military Staff Committee">Military Staff Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Millennium_Declaration" title="United Nations Millennium Declaration">Millennium Declaration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Summit" title="Millennium Summit">Millennium Summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_United_Nations" title="Model United Nations">Model United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_the_United_Nations" title="Official languages of the United Nations">Official languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Postal_Administration" title="United Nations Postal Administration">Postal Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations" title="Reform of the United Nations">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Administration_of_Juvenile_Justice" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice">Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners">Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_series#United_Nations" title="Treaty series">Treaty Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Mandate" title="UN Mandate">UN Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Sacco_Ltd" title="UN Sacco Ltd">UN Sacco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UN_Special" title="UN Special">UN Special</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF_club" title="UNICEF club">UNICEF club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Day" title="United Nations Day">United Nations Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_in_popular_culture" title="United Nations in popular culture">United Nations in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Medal" title="United Nations Medal">United Nations Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Radio" title="United Nations Radio">United Nations Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_television_film_series" title="United Nations television film series">United Nations television film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Peace" title="University for Peace">University for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIPO_Treaty_on_Intellectual_Property,_Genetic_Resources_and_Associated_Traditional_Knowledge" title="WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge">WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_United_Nations" title="Withdrawal from the United Nations">Withdrawal from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_peacekeeping" title="Women in peacekeeping">Women in peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_United_Nations_Associations" title="World Federation of United Nations Associations">World Federation of United Nations Associations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" title="Template:Humanitarian partners of the European Commission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" title="Template talk:Humanitarian partners of the European Commission"><abbr title="Discuss this 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Humanitarian Aid Operations">DG ECHO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">NGOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Against_Hunger" title="Action Against Hunger">Action Against Hunger</a> (France, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Development_and_Relief_Agency" title="Adventist Development and Relief Agency">ADRA</a> (Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARE_International" title="CARE International">CARE International</a> (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Europa" title="Caritas Europa">Caritas Europa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caritas_Austria" title="Caritas Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caritas_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caritas Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Czech_Republic" title="Caritas Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Denmark" title="Caritas Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secours_catholique" title="Secours catholique">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Germany" title="Caritas Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B3caire" title="Trócaire">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Luxembourg" title="Caritas Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cordaid" title="Cordaid">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Spain" title="Caritas Spain">Spain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">ICRC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Austrian_Red_Cross" title="Austrian Red Cross">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Red_Cross" title="Belgian Red Cross">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_Red_Cross" title="Danish Red Cross">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Red_Cross" title="Finnish Red Cross">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Red_Cross" title="French Red Cross">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Red_Cross" title="German Red Cross">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Red_Cross" title="Luxembourg Red Cross">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Red_Cross" title="Italian Red Cross">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Red_Cross" title="Netherlands Red Cross">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Red_Cross" title="Norwegian Red Cross">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Red_Cross" title="Spanish Red Cross">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Red_Cross" title="Swedish Red Cross">Sweden</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Relief" title="Islamic Relief">Islamic Relief</a> (Germany, Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> (Belgium, Italy, Netherlands, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_International" title="Plan International">Plan International</a> (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a> (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarit%C3%A9s_international" title="Solidarités international">Solidarités international</a> (France, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOS_Children%27s_Villages" title="SOS Children's Villages">SOS Children's Villages</a> (Austria, Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_des_hommes" title="Terre des hommes">Terre des hommes</a> (Italy, Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vision" class="mw-redirect" title="World Vision">World Vision</a> (Austria, Finland, Netherlands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">MDM</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veterinarians_Without_Borders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veterinarians Without Borders (page does not exist)">VSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_in_Need" title="People in Need">PIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Committee_for_Aid_to_Afghan_Refugees" title="Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees">DACAAR</a> · <a href="/wiki/DanChurchAid" title="DanChurchAid">DanChurchAid</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dansk_Folkehj%C3%A6lp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dansk Folkehjælp (page does not exist)">DPA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Danish_Refugee_Council" title="Danish Refugee Council">DRC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Refugee_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian Refugee Council (page does not exist)">Estonian Refugee Council</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=MT%C3%9C_Mondo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MTÜ Mondo (page does not exist)">MTÜ Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fida_International" title="Fida International">Fida International</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirkon_ulkomaanapu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirkon ulkomaanapu (page does not exist)">FinnChurchAid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Refugee_Council" title="Finnish Refugee Council">FRC</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mannerheim_League_for_Child_Welfare" title="Mannerheim League for Child Welfare">Mannerheim League for Child Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Technical_Cooperation_and_Development" title="Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development">ACTED</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_alliance_for_international_medical_action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The alliance for international medical action (page does not exist)">ALIMA</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agronomes_et_v%C3%A9t%C3%A9rinaires_sans_fronti%C3%A8res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agronomes et vétérinaires sans frontières (page does not exist)">AVSF</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Bioforce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Bioforce (page does not exist)">Institut Bioforce</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Cha%C3%AEne_de_l%27espoir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Chaîne de l'espoir (page does not exist)">CDE</a> · <a href="/wiki/Humanity_%26_Inclusion" title="Humanity & Inclusion">Federation Handicap</a> · <a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_Recherches_et_d%27Echanges_Technologiques" title="Groupe de Recherches et d'Echanges Technologiques">GRET</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=IMMAP_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IMMAP France (page does not exist)">iMMAP</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">MDM</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92uvre_d%27Orient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Œuvre d'Orient (page does not exist)">Œuvre d'Orient</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Premi%C3%A8re_Urgence_Internationale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Première Urgence Internationale (page does not exist)">PUI</a> · <a href="/wiki/Relief_International" title="Relief International">Relief International</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secours_islamique_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secours islamique France (page does not exist)">Secours Islamique</a> · <a href="/wiki/Secours_populaire_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Secours populaire français">SPF</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triangle_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration_humanitaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triangle Génération humanitaire (page does not exist)">Triangle</a> · <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9coms_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Télécoms Sans Frontières">TSF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arche_noVa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arche noVa (page does not exist)">arche noVa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund_Deutschland" title="Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund Deutschland">ASB</a> · <a href="/wiki/Diakonie_Deutschland" title="Diakonie Deutschland">Diakonie Deutschland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe" title="Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe">Die Johanniter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Welthungerhilfe" title="Welthungerhilfe">GAC</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Help_%E2%80%93_Hilfe_zur_Selbsthilfe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help – Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe (page does not exist)">HELP</a> · <a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malteser_Hilfsdienst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malteser Hilfsdienst (page does not exist)">Malteser Hilfsdienst</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medair" title="Medair">Medair</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medico_International" title="Medico International">MI</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_of_Hope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sign of Hope (page does not exist)">Sign of Hope</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veterinarians_Without_Borders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veterinarians Without Borders (page does not exist)">VSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concern_Worldwide" title="Concern Worldwide">Concern Worldwide</a> · <a href="/wiki/GOAL_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="GOAL (organization)">GOAL</a> · <a href="/wiki/Self_Help_Africa" title="Self Help Africa">SHA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B3caire" title="Trócaire">Trócaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActionAid" title="ActionAid">ActionAid</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Associazione_Italiana_per_la_Solidariet%C3%A0_tra_i_Popoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associazione Italiana per la Solidarietà tra i Popoli (page does not exist)">AISPO</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVSI (page does not exist)">AVSI</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cesvi" title="Cesvi">Cesvi</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitato_Internazionale_per_lo_Sviluppo_dei_Popoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli (page does not exist)">CISP</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cooperazione_Internazionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cooperazione Internazionale (page does not exist)">COOPI</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondazione_Opera_San_Francesco_Saverio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondazione Opera San Francesco Saverio (page does not exist)">CUAMM</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emergency_(organization)" title="Emergency (organization)">Emergency</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondazione_L%27Albero_della_Vita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondazione L'Albero della Vita (page does not exist)">FADV</a> · <a href="/wiki/Intersos" title="Intersos">INTERSOS</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servizio_Dei_Gesuiti_per_l_Rifugiati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Servizio Dei Gesuiti per l Rifugiati (page does not exist)">JRS</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=LVIA-Associazione_Internazionale_Volontari_Laici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LVIA-Associazione Internazionale Volontari Laici (page does not exist)">LVIA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Un_Ponte_Per" title="Un Ponte Per">Un Ponte Per</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volontariato_Internazionale_per_lo_Sviluppo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volontariato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo (page does not exist)">VIS</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=WeWorld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WeWorld (page does not exist)">WeWorld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordaid" title="Cordaid">Cordaid</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorcas_Aid_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorcas Aid International (page does not exist)">DAI</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=HealthNet_TPO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HealthNet TPO (page does not exist)">HNTPO</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_NGO_Safety_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International NGO Safety Organisation (page does not exist)">INSO</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mercy_Corps" title="Mercy Corps">Mercy Corps</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_een_Kind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red een Kind (page does not exist)">REK</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stichting_Vluchteling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stichting Vluchteling (page does not exist)">Stichting Vluchteling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tearfund" title="Tearfund">Tearfund Netherlands</a> · <a href="/wiki/War_Child_(charity)" title="War Child (charity)">War Child Netherlands</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=ZOA_(organization)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZOA (organization) (page does not exist)">ZOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Church_Aid" title="Norwegian Church Aid">NCA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_People%27s_Aid" title="Norwegian People's Aid">NPA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Refugee_Council" title="Norwegian Refugee Council">NRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Humanitarian_Action" title="Polish Humanitarian Action">PAH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Aga_Khan_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundação Aga Khan Portugal (page does not exist)">AKF PRT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asamblea_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_por_la_Paz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asamblea de Cooperación por la Paz (page does not exist)">ACPP</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayuda_en_Acci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayuda en Acción (page does not exist)">Ayuda en Acción</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundaci%C3%B3n_Educaci%C3%B3n_y_Cooperaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundación Educación y Cooperación (page does not exist)">EDUCO</a> · <a href="/wiki/Entreculturas" title="Entreculturas">Entreculturas</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farmac%C3%A9uticos_Mundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farmacéuticos Mundi (page does not exist)">Farmacéuticos Mundi</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">MDM</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medicus_Mundi_International" title="Medicus Mundi International">Medicus Mundi</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Movimiento_Por_La_Paz,_el_Desarme_y_la_Libertad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movimiento Por La Paz, el Desarme y la Libertad (page does not exist)">MPDL</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundaci%C3%B3n_Mundubat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundación Mundubat (page does not exist)">Mundubat</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solidaridad_Internacional_Andalucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solidaridad Internacional Andalucia (page does not exist)">SIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">COS</a> · <a href="/wiki/Diakonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Diakonia">Diakonia</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4karmissionen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Läkarmissionen (page does not exist)">Läkarmissionen</a> · <a href="/wiki/PMU_Interlife" class="mw-redirect" title="PMU Interlife">PMU Interlife</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=SWEDO_-_The_Swedish_Development_Aid_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SWEDO - The Swedish Development Aid Organization (page does not exist)">SWEDO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">ICRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">IFRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ILO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">OCHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_UN_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Health_Organization" title="Pan American Health Organization">PAHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UNDP_Multi_Partner_Trust_Fund_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNDP Multi Partner Trust Fund Office (page does not exist)">UNDP MPTFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disaster_Risk_Reduction" title="United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction">UNDRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific">UNESCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">UNFPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-HABITAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mine_Action_Service" title="United Nations Mine Action Service">UNMAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">UNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Coordinator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the United Nations Security Coordinator (page does not exist)">UNSECOORD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Agency_for_International_Development_Cooperation" title="Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation">AECID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Civil_Protection_and_Emergencies" title="Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies">DGPCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Danish Emergency Management Agency">DEMA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_civile_et_de_la_gestion_de_crise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direction générale de la sécurité civile et de la gestion de crise (page does not exist)">DGSCGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protezione_Civile" title="Protezione Civile">Protezione Civile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enabel_-_Belgian_development_agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enabel - Belgian development agency (page does not exist)">Enabel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agence_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27expertise_Technique_international&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agence Française d'expertise Technique international (page does not exist)">Expertise France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Internationale_Zusammenarbeit" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit">GIZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Secretariat_for_Civil_Protection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Secretariat for Civil Protection (page does not exist)">GSCP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungary_Helps_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungary Helps Agency (page does not exist)">Hungary Helps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITF_Enhancing_Human_Security" title="ITF Enhancing Human Security">ITF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Civil_Contingencies_Agency" title="Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency">MSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technisches_Hilfswerk" title="Technisches Hilfswerk">THW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1901 Nobel Peace Prize">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Gobat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Randal Cremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)" title="Louis Renault (jurist)">Louis Renault</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">A. M. F. Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul Estournelles de Constant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Fried</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1914</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1915</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1918</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1923</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles Dawes</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1928</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Butler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1932</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1939</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1943</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1948</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1955</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1956</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1964 Nobel Peace Prize">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1965 Nobel Peace Prize">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1966 Nobel Peace Prize">1966</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1967 Nobel Peace Prize">1967</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1968 Nobel Peace Prize">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Labour Organization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1970 Nobel Peace Prize">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1971 Nobel Peace Prize">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1972</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1973 Nobel Peace Prize">1973</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (declined award)</i> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Corrigan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">International Campaign to Ban Landmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Nobel Peace Prize">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Nobel Peace Prize">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Nobel Peace Prize">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Nobel Peace Prize">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Nobel Peace Prize">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Nobel Peace Prize">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2010 Nobel Peace Prize">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2013 Nobel Peace Prize">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2015 Nobel Peace Prize">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2018 Nobel Peace Prize">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2020 Nobel Peace Prize">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2022 Nobel Peace Prize">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2023 Nobel Peace Prize">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2024 Nobel Peace Prize">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1969_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1969_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1969 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1969_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1969 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this 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Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1969 Nobel Prize in Literature">1969</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a> (Ireland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> (<a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Labour Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> (Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a> (Netherlands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1964_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1964 Nobel Prize winners">1964</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1965_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1965 Nobel Prize winners">1965</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1966_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1966 Nobel Prize winners">1966</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1967_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1967 Nobel Prize winners">1967</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1968_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1968 Nobel Prize winners">1968</a></dd> <dd><b>1969 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1970_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1970 Nobel Prize winners">1970</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1971_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1971 Nobel Prize winners">1971</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1972_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1972 Nobel Prize winners">1972</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1973_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1973 Nobel Prize winners">1973</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1974_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1974 Nobel Prize winners">1974</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ECOSOC" title="Template:ECOSOC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ECOSOC" title="Template talk:ECOSOC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ECOSOC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ECOSOC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council">List of members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functional<br />commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Crime_Prevention_and_Criminal_Justice" title="United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice">United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice</a> (CCPCJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> (CND)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Population_and_Development" title="United Nations Commission on Population and Development"> United Nations Commission on Population and Development</a> (CPD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Science_and_Technology_for_Development" title="United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development">United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development</a> (CSTD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Commission for Social Development">United Nations Commission for Social Development</a> (CSocD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Statistical_Commission" title="United Nations Statistical Commission">United Nations Statistical Commission</a> (StatCom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="United Nations Commission on the Status of Women">United Nations Commission on the Status of Women</a> (CSW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Forum_on_Forests" title="United Nations Forum on Forests">United Nations Forum on Forests</a> (UNFF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Regional commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Europe">Europe</a> (ECE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Africa" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Africa">Africa</a> (ECA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a> (ECLAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific">Asia and the Pacific</a> (ESCAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Western_Asia" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia">Western Asia</a> (ESCWA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialised agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (ICAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">International Fund for Agricultural Development</a> (IFAD)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a> (IMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (ITU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a> (UNIDO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> (UPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (WIPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (WMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> (WBG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Funds and<br />Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a> (UNEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a> (UNFPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">United Nations Human Settlements Programme</a> (UN-Habitat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations Children's Fund</a> (UNICEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (IBRD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Settlement_of_Investment_Disputes" title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes">International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes</a> (ICSID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">International Development Association</a> (IDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a> (IFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_Investment_Guarantee_Agency" title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency">Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency</a> (MIGA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expert bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Development_Policy" title="Committee for Development Policy">Committee for Development Policy</a> (CDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_Public_Administration" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on Public Administration">Committee of Experts on Public Administration</a> (CEPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> (CESCR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_Global_Geospatial_Information_Management" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management">Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management</a> (GGIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Working_Group_of_Experts_on_International_Standards_of_Accounting_and_Reporting" title="Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting">Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International <br /> Standards of Accounting and Reporting</a> (ISAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Group_of_Experts_on_Geographical_Names" title="United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names">Group of Experts on Geographical Names</a> (UNGEGN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">United Nations Permanent Forum on <br /> Indigenous Issues</a> (UNPFII)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_International_Cooperation_in_Tax_Matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters (page does not exist)">Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_the_Transport_of_Dangerous_Goods_and_on_the_Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (page does not exist)">Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous <br /> Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_on_Non-Governmental_Organizations" title="United Nations Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations">Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research and<br />training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute</a> (UNICRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research</a> (UNIDIR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">United Nations Institute for Training and Research</a> (UNITAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">United Nations Research Institute for Social Development</a> (UNRISD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">United Nations System Staff College</a> (UNSSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">United Nations University</a> (UNU)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development</a> (HLPF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">International Trade Centre</a> (ITC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS</a> (UNAIDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNCTAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">United Nations Sustainable Development Group</a> (UNSDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund</a> (UNICEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">United Nations Office for Project Services</a> (UNOPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</a> (UNRWA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women</a> (UN-Women)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disbanded entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Sustainable_Development" title="Commission on Sustainable Development">Functional Commission on Sustainable Development </a> (CSD - Replaced in 2013 by <a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">UNHLPF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights"> Functional Commission on Human Rights</a> (UNCHR - Replaced in 2006 by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Refugee_Organization" title="International Refugee Organization">International Refugee Organization</a> (IRO - Replaced in 1952 by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Occupational_safety_and_health" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Template:Occupational safety and health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Template talk:Occupational safety and health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Occupational safety and health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Occupational_safety_and_health" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_disease" title="Occupational disease">Occupational <br />diseases</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_injury" title="Occupational injury">injuries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrodynia" title="Acrodynia">Acrodynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbestosis" title="Asbestosis">Asbestosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_asthma" title="Occupational asthma">Asthma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">Barotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berylliosis" title="Berylliosis">Berylliosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brucellosis" title="Brucellosis">Brucellosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">Burnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byssinosis" title="Byssinosis">Byssinosis ("brown lung")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_cardiovascular_disease" title="Occupational cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalicosis" title="Chalicosis">Chalicosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_solvent-induced_encephalopathy" title="Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy">Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_stress" title="Chronic stress">Chronic stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_sweeps%27_carcinoma" title="Chimney sweeps' carcinoma">Chimney sweeps' carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalworker%27s_pneumoconiosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalworker's pneumoconiosis">Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concussions_in_sport" title="Concussions in sport">Concussions in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">Decompression sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">De Quervain syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erethism" title="Erethism">Erethism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hazards_associated_with_exposure_to_human_nail_dust" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational hazards associated with exposure to human nail dust">Exposure to human nail dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_lung" title="Farmer's lung">Farmer's lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddler%27s_neck" title="Fiddler's neck">Fiddler's neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_worker%27s_lung" title="Flock worker's lung">Flock worker's lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassblower%27s_cataract" title="Glassblower's cataract">Glassblower's cataract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golfer%27s_elbow" title="Golfer's elbow">Golfer's elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearing_loss" title="Hearing loss">Hearing loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital-acquired_infection" title="Hospital-acquired infection">Hospital-acquired infection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_lung" title="Indium lung">Indium lung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal_allergy" title="Laboratory animal allergy">Laboratory animal allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning#Occupational_exposure" title="Lead poisoning">Lead poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_back_pain" title="Low back pain">Low back pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesothelioma" title="Mesothelioma">Mesothelioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fume_fever" title="Metal fume fever">Metal fume fever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule_spinners%27_cancer" title="Mule spinners' cancer">Mule spinners' cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise-induced_hearing_loss" title="Noise-induced hearing loss">Noise-induced hearing loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phossy_jaw" title="Phossy jaw">Phossy jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumoconiosis" title="Pneumoconiosis">Pneumoconiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radium_jaw" title="Radium jaw">Radium jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury" title="Repetitive strain injury">Repetitive strain injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicosis" title="Silicosis">Silicosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silo-filler%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Silo-filler's disease">Silo-filler's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_injury" title="Sports injury">Sports injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer%27s_ear" title="Surfer's ear">Surfer's ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_elbow" title="Tennis elbow">Tennis elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">Tinnitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_cramp" title="Writer's cramp">Writer's cramp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hygiene" title="Occupational hygiene">Occupational <br />hygiene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_hazard" title="Occupational hazard">Occupational hazard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_hazard" title="Biological hazard">Biological hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_hazard" title="Chemical hazard">Chemical hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_hazard" title="Physical hazard">Physical hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosocial_hazard" title="Psychosocial hazard">Psychosocial hazard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_stress" title="Occupational stress">Occupational stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_through_design" title="Prevention through design">Prevention through design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_assessment" title="Exposure assessment">Exposure assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_exposure_limit" title="Occupational exposure limit">Occupational exposure limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_epidemiology" title="Occupational epidemiology">Occupational epidemiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_health_surveillance" title="Workplace health surveillance">Workplace health surveillance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_health" title="Environmental health">Environmental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">Industrial engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_nursing" title="Occupational health nursing">Occupational health nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology" title="Occupational health psychology">Occupational health psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapist" title="Occupational therapist">Occupational therapist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_engineering" title="Safety engineering">Safety engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_occupational_safety_and_health_agencies" title="List of occupational safety and health agencies">Agencies</a> and <br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Agency_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work" title="European Agency for Safety and Health at Work">European Agency for Safety and Health at Work</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Labour Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Centre_for_Occupational_Health_and_Safety" title="Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety">Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_nazionale_per_l%27assicurazione_contro_gli_infortuni_sul_lavoro" title="Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro">Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work" title="National Institute for Safety and Health at Work">National Institute for Safety and Health at Work</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Safety_Executive" title="Health and Safety Executive">Health and Safety Executive</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (US)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accord_on_Fire_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh" title="Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh">Bangladesh Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">ISO 45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Convention,_1981" title="Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981">Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_Protection_Standard" title="Worker Protection Standard">Worker Protection Standard</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Environment_(Air_Pollution,_Noise_and_Vibration)_Convention,_1977" title="Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention, 1977">Working Environment Convention, 1977</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checklist" title="Checklist">Checklist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_practice" title="Code of practice">Code of practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingency_plan" title="Contingency plan">Contingency plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_safety" title="Diving safety">Diving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_procedure" title="Emergency procedure">Emergency procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation" title="Emergency evacuation">Emergency evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard" title="Hazard">Hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls" title="Hierarchy of hazard controls">Hierarchy of hazard controls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_elimination" title="Hazard elimination">Hazard elimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_controls" title="Administrative controls">Administrative controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_controls" title="Engineering controls">Engineering controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_substitution" title="Hazard substitution">Hazard substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_safety_analysis" title="Job safety analysis">Job safety analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockout-tagout" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockout-tagout">Lockout-tagout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permit_To_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Permit To Work">Permit To Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_manual" title="Operations manual">Operations manual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">Redundancy (engineering)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment">Risk assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_culture" title="Safety culture">Safety culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_operating_procedure" title="Standard operating procedure">Standard operating procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immediately_dangerous_to_life_or_health" title="Immediately dangerous to life or health">Immediately dangerous to life or health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_regulations" title="Diving regulations">Diving regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Act_(United_States)" title="Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)">Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potty_parity" title="Potty parity">Potty parity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potty_parity_in_the_United_States" title="Potty parity in the United States">United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit" title="Right to sit">Right to sit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit_in_the_United_States" title="Right to sit in the United States">United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_right_to_access_the_toilet" title="Workers' right to access the toilet">Workers' right to access the toilet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">Aerosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_(work)" title="Break (work)">Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_room" title="Break room">Break room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_overtime" title="Effects of overtime">Effects of overtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment,_health_and_safety" title="Environment, health and safety">Environment, health and safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_toxicology" title="Environmental toxicology">Environmental toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Fighter_Fatality_Investigation_and_Prevention_Program" title="Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program">Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawks_Nest_Tunnel_disaster" title="Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster">Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_physics" title="Health physics">Health physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostile_work_environment" title="Hostile work environment">Hostile work environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_air_quality" title="Indoor air quality">Indoor air quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Safety_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="International Chemical Safety Card">International Chemical Safety Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_strain" title="Job strain">Job strain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Mourning_(Canadian_observance)" title="National Day of Mourning (Canadian observance)">National Day of Mourning (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating" title="NIOSH air filtration rating">NIOSH air filtration rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwork" title="Overwork">Overwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_safety" title="Process safety">Process safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_of_working_life" title="Quality of working life">Quality of working life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_control_(respiratory_disease)" title="Source control (respiratory disease)">Source control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_tort" title="Toxic tort">Toxic tort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">Toxic workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_compensation" title="Workers' 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54129#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54129#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54129#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122992440">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122869549">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133287293">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4367-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78095363">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865231z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865231z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35865235">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mezinárodní organizace práce"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010711277&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX102814">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Organização Internacional do Trabalho"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/80652">Portugal</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United Nations. Organisation International du Travail"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/414361">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90098122">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=128717">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/sq464rgb0r2mnbz">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/50717">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007353832705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000001633">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513879106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00325140?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026397234">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/013817">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&oldid=1258964291">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Labour_Organization&oldid=1258964291</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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