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Malzeichen – Wikipedia
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role="presentation"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/25px-Disambig-dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/38px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/50px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="340"></span></span> </div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div role="navigation"> Der Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Weitere Bedeutungen sind unter <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen_(Begriffskl%C3%A4rung)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Malzeichen (Begriffsklärung)">Malzeichen (Begriffsklärung)</a> aufgeführt. </div> </div> </div> <table class="wikitable float-right"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2"> <div class="punctuation" style="text-align:center; font-size:800%; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.25em"> ⋅ × </div></th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_mathematischer_Symbole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste mathematischer Symbole">Mathematische Zeichen</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Arithmetik</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pluszeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pluszeichen">Pluszeichen</a></td> <td align="center">+</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minuszeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minuszeichen">Minuszeichen</a></td> <td align="center">−, ⁒</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malzeichen</a></td> <td align="center">⋅, ×</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geteiltzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geteiltzeichen">Geteiltzeichen</a></td> <td align="center">:, ÷, /</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plusminuszeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plusminuszeichen">Plusminuszeichen</a></td> <td align="center">±, ∓</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vergleichszeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vergleichszeichen">Vergleichszeichen</a></td> <td align="center"><, ≤, =, ≥, ></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wurzelzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wurzelzeichen">Wurzelzeichen</a></td> <td align="center">√</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prozentzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prozentzeichen">Prozentzeichen</a></td> <td align="center">%</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Analysis</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Summe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notation_mit_dem_Summenzeichen" title="Summe">Summenzeichen</a></td> <td align="center">Σ</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produkt_(Mathematik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Endliche_und_unendliche_Produkte" title="Produkt (Mathematik)">Produktzeichen</a></td> <td align="center">Π</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Differenzzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Differenzzeichen">Differenzzeichen</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nabla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nabla">Nabla</a></td> <td align="center">∆, ∇</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prime_(Typografie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prime (Typografie)">Prime</a></td> <td align="center">′</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E2%88%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="∂">Partielles Differential</a></td> <td align="center">∂</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Integralzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Integralzeichen">Integralzeichen</a></td> <td align="center">∫</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verkettungszeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verkettungszeichen">Verkettungszeichen</a></td> <td align="center">∘</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unendlichzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unendlichzeichen">Unendlichzeichen</a></td> <td align="center">∞</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Geometrie</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winkel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bezeichnung_von_Winkeln" title="Winkel">Winkelzeichen</a></td> <td align="center">∠, ∡, ∢, ∟</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orthogonalit%C3%A4t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orthogonalität">Senkrecht</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parallelit%C3%A4t_(Geometrie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parallelität (Geometrie)">Parallel</a></td> <td align="center">⊥, ∥</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dreieck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dreieck">Dreieck</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viereck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viereck">Viereck</a></td> <td align="center">△, □</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durchmesserzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durchmesserzeichen">Durchmesserzeichen</a></td> <td align="center">⌀</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Mengenlehre</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menge_(Mathematik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vereinigung_(Vereinigungsmenge)" title="Menge (Mathematik)">Vereinigung</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menge_(Mathematik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Durchschnitt_(Schnittmenge,_Schnitt)" title="Menge (Mathematik)">Schnitt</a></td> <td align="center">∪, ∩</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menge_(Mathematik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Differenz_und_Komplement" title="Menge (Mathematik)">Differenz</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komplement_(Mengenlehre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komplement (Mengenlehre)">Komplement</a></td> <td align="center">∖, ∁</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elementzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elementzeichen">Elementzeichen</a></td> <td align="center">∈</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teilmenge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teilmenge">Teilmenge</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teilmenge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teilmenge">Obermenge</a></td> <td align="center">⊂, ⊆, ⊇, ⊃</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leere_Menge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leere Menge">Leere Menge</a></td> <td align="center">∅</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Logik</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Folgepfeil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Folgepfeil">Folgepfeil</a></td> <td align="center">⇒, ⇔, ⇐</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quantor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quantor">Allquantor</a></td> <td align="center">∀</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quantor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quantor">Existenzquantor</a></td> <td align="center">∃</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konjunktion_(Logik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konjunktion (Logik)">Konjunktion</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disjunktion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Disjunktion">Disjunktion</a></td> <td align="center">∧, ∨</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negationszeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Negationszeichen">Negationszeichen</a></td> <td align="center">¬</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Als <b>Malzeichen</b>, <b>Multiplikationszeichen</b> oder <b>Produktsymbole</b> werden verschiedene <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sonderzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sonderzeichen">Sonderzeichen</a> bezeichnet, die vor allem zur Darstellung des <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mathematischer_Operator?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematischer Operator">mathematischen Operators</a> für die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Multiplikation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Multiplikation">Multiplikation</a> verwendet werden. In der Mathematik wird üblicherweise der dem <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mittelpunkt_(Schriftzeichen)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mittelpunkt (Schriftzeichen)">Mittelpunkt</a> ähnliche <b>Malpunkt</b> ⋅ verwendet, seltener auch eine Form des <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kreuzchen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kreuzchen">Kreuzchens</a> als <b>Malkreuz</b> × und speziell in <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tabellenkalkulation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tabellenkalkulation">Tabellenkalkulations</a>-Programmen und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Programmiersprache?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Programmiersprache">Programmiersprachen</a> das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sternchen_(Schriftzeichen)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sternchen (Schriftzeichen)">Sternchen</a> *.</p> <p>In der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vektorrechnung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vektorrechnung">Vektorrechnung</a> wird der Malpunkt (oder eine <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schriftschnitt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schriftschnitt">halbfette</a> Variante) auch für das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skalarprodukt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skalarprodukt">Skalarprodukt</a> und das Malkreuz für das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kreuzprodukt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kreuzprodukt">Kreuzprodukt</a> verwendet. In der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mengenlehre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mengenlehre">Mengenlehre</a> steht das Malkreuz für das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kartesisches_Produkt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kartesisches Produkt">kartesische Produkt</a>. Das Malkreuz kommt außerdem bei der Angabe von mehrdimensionalen <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abmessungen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abmessungen">Abmessungen</a> zum Einsatz.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geschichte"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Geschichte</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Verwendung"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Verwendung</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Multiplikation"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Multiplikation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Skalarprodukt_und_Kreuzprodukt"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Skalarprodukt und Kreuzprodukt</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kartesisches_Produkt"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Kartesisches Produkt</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Abmessungen"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Abmessungen</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Typografie"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Typografie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Formelsatz"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Formelsatz</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#DIN_5008"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">DIN 5008</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#DIN_55301"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">DIN 55301</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Darstellung_in_Computersystemen"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Darstellung in Computersystemen</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kodierung"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Kodierung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tastatur"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tastatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%84hnliche_und_verwandte_Zeichen"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ähnliche und verwandte Zeichen</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Einzelnachweise_und_Anmerkungen"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Geschichte" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Das älteste Symbol scheint das Malkreuz (×) zu sein. Verwendet wurde es erstmals von dem englischen <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mathematiker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mathematiker">Mathematiker</a> <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Oughtred?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Oughtred">William Oughtred</a> in seinem Werk <i>Clavis Mathematicae</i>, veröffentlicht 1631 in <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a>. Wahrscheinlich benutzte Oughtred das Malkreuz schon seit 1618, falls ein anonymer Anhang zur englischen Übersetzung von <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Napier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Napier">John Napiers</a> <i>Descriptio</i> von ihm stammt. Die Herleitung des Symbols – vom <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buchstaben?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchstaben">Buchstaben</a> (<a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="X">X</a>) oder auch vom <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andreaskreuz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andreaskreuz">Andreaskreuz</a> – ist nicht geklärt.</p> <p>Der deutsche <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wissenschaftler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wissenschaftler">Wissenschaftler</a> <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</a> lehnte das Malkreuz wegen der Verwechslungsgefahr mit dem Buchstaben X ab und bevorzugte den Punkt (⋅). Leibniz benutzte den Multiplikationspunkt in einem Briefwechsel des Jahres 1698, hat ihn aber wahrscheinlich schon 1694 oder noch früher in seine mathematische Notation eingeführt.</p> <p><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Rahn_(Mathematiker)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johann Heinrich Rahn (Mathematiker)">Johann Rahn</a> führte den Stern (∗) für die Multiplikation ein. Zusammen mit dem <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geteiltzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geteiltzeichen">Symbol für die Division</a> (÷) erscheint dieser erstmals in seinem Buch <i>Teutsche Algebra</i>, veröffentlicht 1659.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verwendung" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Multiplikation">Multiplikation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Multiplikation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grundrechenart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grundrechenart">Grundrechenart</a> Multiplikation sind der Malpunkt ⋅ und das Malkreuz × inhaltlich gleichbedeutend, sie werden aber unterschiedlich verwendet.</p> <p>Das Malkreuz × wird bevorzugt eingesetzt,</p> <ul> <li>wenn die Multiplikation optisch auffallend dargestellt werden muss, etwa auf einem Plakat: <dl> <dd> 5 × 2 Freikarten! </dd> </dl></li> <li>wenn die Faktoren nicht Formelzeichen oder Zahlen sind, sondern Wörter: <dl> <dd> <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gewerbesteuer_(Deutschland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gewerbesteuer (Deutschland)">Gewerbesteuer</a> = Steuermessbetrag × Hebesatz </dd> </dl></li> <li>wenn nur der linke Faktor angegeben ist, also im Sinne von „-mal“ oder „-fach“: <dl> <dd> Vergrößerung: 6× </dd> </dl></li> <li>in angloamerikanisch geprägten Kulturen sowie in Frankreich im Schulunterricht und im Alltag.</li> </ul> <p>Der Malpunkt ⋅ wird dagegen bevorzugt benutzt,</p> <ul> <li>wenn Berechnungen mit Zahlen wiedergegeben werden: <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\,=\,5\cdot 6+7}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> a </mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mo> = </mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mn> 5 </mn> <mo> ⋅<!-- ⋅ --> </mo> <mn> 6 </mn> <mo> + </mo> <mn> 7 </mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle a\,=\,5\cdot 6+7} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/174f5d780686a0ee06346eb939f25598f7a14940" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.109ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\,=\,5\cdot 6+7}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13.109ex;height: 2.343ex;vertical-align: -0.505ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/174f5d780686a0ee06346eb939f25598f7a14940" data-alt="{\displaystyle a\,=\,5\cdot 6+7}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </dd> </dl></li> <li>in Deutschland im Schulunterricht.</li> </ul> <p>In einigen Fällen, wie etwa der Multiplikation von Maßeinheitssymbolen, kann das Malzeichen ausgelassen (Beispiel: Nm für <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newtonmeter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newtonmeter">Newtonmeter</a> ist eine gängige, verkürzte Schreibweise für N ⋅ m) oder durch ein (schmales) <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leerzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leerzeichen">Leerzeichen</a> angedeutet werden. Generell kann der Malpunkt dann ganz weggelassen werden, wenn die Gestaltung es erlaubt und aus dem Kontext heraus keine Verwechslungsgefahr besteht.</p> <dl> <dd> <i>U</i> = 2π<i>r</i> – ohne Leerraum </dd> <dd> <i>U</i> = 2 π <i>r</i> – <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schmales_Leerzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schmales Leerzeichen">schmales Leerzeichen</a> </dd> </dl> <p>In <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Programmiersprache?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Programmiersprache">Programmiersprachen</a> wird üblicherweise das Sternchen <code>*</code> (<a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American Standard Code for Information Interchange">ASCII</a> 42) benutzt.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Skalarprodukt_und_Kreuzprodukt">Skalarprodukt und Kreuzprodukt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Skalarprodukt und Kreuzprodukt" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vektorrechnung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vektorrechnung">Vektorrechnung</a> werden ⋅ für das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skalarprodukt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skalarprodukt">Skalarprodukt</a> und × für das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kreuzprodukt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kreuzprodukt">Kreuzprodukt</a> verwendet. Die beiden Symbole werden hier also für völlig unterschiedliche Verknüpfungen benutzt. Zum Beispiel sind in der Physik die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arbeit_(Physik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arbeit (Physik)">Arbeit</a></p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W={\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {F}}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> W </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi> s </mi> <mo stretchy="false"> →<!-- → --> </mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> ⋅<!-- ⋅ --> </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi> F </mi> <mo stretchy="false"> →<!-- → --> </mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle W={\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {F}}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ad0c3bd699ec3b545bd5e7330ba9598ef0a1603f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:10.207ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W={\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {F}}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10.207ex;height: 2.843ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ad0c3bd699ec3b545bd5e7330ba9598ef0a1603f" data-alt="{\displaystyle W={\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {F}}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </dd> </dl> <p>und das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drehmoment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drehmoment">Drehmoment</a></p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {M}}={\vec {s}}\times {\vec {F}}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi> M </mi> <mo stretchy="false"> →<!-- → --> </mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi> s </mi> <mo stretchy="false"> →<!-- → --> </mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> ×<!-- × --> </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi> F </mi> <mo stretchy="false"> →<!-- → --> </mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle {\vec {M}}={\vec {s}}\times {\vec {F}}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/382a68b512550039d2246053c46b9c924b25f2e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:11.375ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {M}}={\vec {s}}\times {\vec {F}}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11.375ex;height: 2.843ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/382a68b512550039d2246053c46b9c924b25f2e0" data-alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {M}}={\vec {s}}\times {\vec {F}}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>. </dd> </dl> <p>Für das Skalarprodukt ist das Unicode-Zeichen ⋅ (U+22C5, HTML-Entity: <code>&sdot;</code>) vorgesehen. Grafisch angelegt wird es genau wie ein <code>&middot;</code> oder etwas <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schriftschnitt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schriftschnitt">halbfett</a>; bei normalen Schriftgrößen sind die beiden Zeichen optisch kaum zu unterscheiden. Als wissenschaftliche Arbeiten noch mit mechanischen <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schreibmaschine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schreibmaschine">Schreibmaschinen</a> verfasst wurden oder im <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American Standard Code for Information Interchange">ASCII</a>-Zeichensatz übermittelt wurden, verwendete man hier ersatzweise den einfachen <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Punkt_(Satzzeichen)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Punkt (Satzzeichen)">Punkt</a>.</p> <p>Für das Kreuzprodukt gibt es zurzeit – anders als beim Skalarprodukt – kein gesondertes Zeichen; es ist das Kreuzchen × (Unicode U+00D7, HTML-Entity: <code>&times;</code>) zu verwenden. Früher musste man hier auf das Sternchen * oder notfalls den Buchstaben x ausweichen.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kartesisches_Produkt">Kartesisches Produkt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Kartesisches Produkt" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mengenlehre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mengenlehre">Mengenlehre</a> wird das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kartesisches_Produkt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kartesisches Produkt">kartesische Produkt</a> zweier <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menge_(Mathematik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Menge (Mathematik)">Mengen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> A </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle A} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.743ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" data-alt="{\displaystyle A}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> B </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle B} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.764ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" data-alt="{\displaystyle B}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> durch</p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\times B}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> A </mi> <mo> ×<!-- × --> </mo> <mi> B </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle A\times B} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65f31ae45b0098f06b5d22c38d317eb097a88fa9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.348ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\times B}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 6.348ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65f31ae45b0098f06b5d22c38d317eb097a88fa9" data-alt="{\displaystyle A\times B}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </dd> </dl> <p>notiert. Es handelt sich dabei um die Menge aller <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geordnetes_Paar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geordnetes Paar">geordneten Paare</a>, bei denen die erste Komponente ein Element aus <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> A </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle A} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.743ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" data-alt="{\displaystyle A}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> und die zweite Komponente ein Element aus <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> B </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle B} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.764ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" data-alt="{\displaystyle B}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> ist. Darauf aufbauend wird das Malkreuz auch für das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Direktes_Produkt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Direktes Produkt">direkte Produkt</a> von <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gruppe_(Mathematik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gruppe (Mathematik)">Gruppen</a> oder anderen algebraischen Strukturen verwendet. Typografisch gilt für das kartesische Produkt das gleiche wie für das Kreuzprodukt.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Abmessungen">Abmessungen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Abmessungen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Bei der Angabe von <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abmessungen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abmessungen">Abmessungen</a> wie zum Beispiel Breite × Länge wird ebenfalls das Malkreuz verwendet. Beispielhafte Verwendungen sind:</p> <ul> <li>eine Fläche von 3 m × 5 m<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (mathematisch, physikalisch korrekte Angabe)</li> <li>das Grundstück ist 30 × 40 m groß,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> das Gebäude darauf (LBH) 10 × 8 × 4 m (Alltagssprache, sprachlich verkürzt)</li> </ul> <p>Die Angabe von Abmessungen stellt keine Multiplikation der jeweiligen <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A4nge_(Physik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Länge (Physik)">Längen</a> dar. Die Maßeinheit kann dabei, wie im zweiten Beispiel, auch nur einmal angegeben werden. Malzeichen werden mitunter auch in der Formatierungsangabe verwendet: B×H×T = Breite × Höhe × (horizontale) Tiefe – bei wandmontierbaren Möbeln.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Typografie">Typografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Typografie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Formelsatz">Formelsatz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Formelsatz" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Alle Malzeichen sind mittig gesetzt und auf die Größe und Position der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ziffer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziffer">Ziffern</a> in einer <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schriftart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schriftart">Schriftart</a> sowie der anderer <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rechenzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rechenzeichen">Rechenzeichen</a> abgestimmt. Eine Ersetzung der Malzeichen durch andere, ähnliche Zeichen (etwa ein kleiner Buchstabe <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="X">x</a> oder das einfache <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sternchen_(Schriftzeichen)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sternchen (Schriftzeichen)">Sternchen</a> *), die sich anders als die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Typografie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Typografie">typografisch</a> korrekten Zeichen auf den meisten Computertastaturen finden lassen, führt zu einem typografisch weniger anspruchsvollen Schriftbild, zumal das Sternchen in vielen Schriftarten hochgestellt ist, weil es oft als <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fu%C3%9Fnote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fußnote">Fußnotenzeichen</a> benutzt wird.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="DIN_5008">DIN 5008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: DIN 5008" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DIN_5008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DIN 5008">DIN 5008</a> beschreibt <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Textverarbeitung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Textverarbeitung">Textverarbeitung</a> im Büro- und Verwaltungsbereich.</p> <p>Die aktuelle Fassung sieht als Multiplikationszeichen den Halbhochpunkt <code>·</code>, das Malkreuz <code>×</code>, und den Kleinbuchstaben <code>x</code> vor, unter der Voraussetzung, dass lediglich Zahlen (und Einheiten) in der betroffenen Rechnung verwendet werden. Wenn die Rechnung sowohl Zahlen als auch Variablen beinhaltet, darf ausschließlich der Halbhochpunkt <code>·</code> verwendet werden. In mathematischen Texten ist dieser stets zu bevorzugen. Explizit für Multiplikationen verboten wird das Sternchen <code>*</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Für das Malkreuz ist alternativ der Kleinbuchstabe <code>x</code> vorgesehen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das hat den Hintergrund, dass Massenware wie <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieferschein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lieferschein">Lieferscheine</a> und Rechnungen mit geringstmöglichem Zeit- und Kostenaufwand zu erstellen ist und hierfür der einfache Tastendruck auf die Taste <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">x</kbd> genügen soll. Wenn im Einzelfall ein Schriftstück aber besonders ansprechend gestaltet werden soll und zusätzlicher Aufwand gewünscht wird, steht die Norm dem nicht entgegen.</p> <p>Nebenbei sind alle Rechenzeichen hier grundsätzlich in Leerzeichen einzuschließen, es sei denn, + oder − treten als <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vorzeichen_(Zahl)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vorzeichen (Zahl)">Vorzeichen</a> einer Zahl auf.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In der vorherigen Fassung aus dem Jahr 2011 war als Malpunkt der „mittig oder auf der Grundlinie“ gesetzte Punkt vorgesehen, also auch der „normale“ Satzende-Punkt <code>.</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-DIN50082011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DIN50082011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="DIN_55301">DIN 55301</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: DIN 55301" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DIN_55301?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DIN 55301">DIN 55301</a> beschreibt die Gestaltung statistischer Tabellen.</p> <p>Hier wird das Zeichen ✕ für „Tabellenfach gesperrt, weil Aussage nicht sinnvoll“ verwendet, als wertersetzendes Zeichen (im Gegensatz zu wertergänzenden Zeichen, auch <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Qualit%C3%A4tsanzeiger&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Qualitätsanzeiger (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Qualitätsanzeigern</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Häufig wird stattdessen inkorrekterweise auch in Tabellen der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amtliche_Statistik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Deutschland" title="Amtliche Statistik">amtlichen Statistik</a> der Buchstabe <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="X">x</a> (Minuskel) verwendet.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Darstellung_in_Computersystemen">Darstellung in Computersystemen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Darstellung in Computersystemen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kodierung">Kodierung</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Kodierung" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zeichenkodierung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zeichenkodierung">Zeichenkodierungsstandard</a> <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> enthält mehrere Malzeichen und ähnliche Zeichen. Sie liegen auf folgenden Positionen:</p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption> Kodierung in Unicode, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</a> und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Zeichen</th> <th colspan="2">Unicode</th> <th rowspan="2">Name</th> <th colspan="3">HTML</th> <th rowspan="2">LaTeX</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Bezeichnung</th> <th>hexadezimal</th> <th>dezimal</th> <th>benannt</th> </tr> <tr> <td>·</td> <td>U+00B7</td> <td style="text-align:left">MIDDLE DOT</td> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mittelpunkt_(Schriftzeichen)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mittelpunkt (Schriftzeichen)">Mittelpunkt</a></td> <td>&#x00B7;</td> <td>&#183;</td> <td>&middot;</td> <td>\cdot</td> </tr> <tr> <td>×</td> <td>U+00D7</td> <td style="text-align:left">MULTIPLICATION SIGN</td> <td style="text-align:left">Malkreuz</td> <td>&#x00D7;</td> <td>&#215;</td> <td>&times;</td> <td>\times</td> </tr> <tr> <td>✕</td> <td>U+2715</td> <td style="text-align:left">MULTIPLICATION X</td> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kreuzchen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kreuzchen">Kreuzchen</a> (Schmuck)</td> <td>&#x2715;</td> <td>&#10005;</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> </tr> <tr> <td>✖</td> <td>U+2716</td> <td style="text-align:left">HEAVY MULTIPLICATION X</td> <td style="text-align:left">Fettes Kreuzchen (<a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schmuckzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schmuckzeichen">Schmuckzeichen</a>)</td> <td>&#x2716;</td> <td>&#10006;</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> </tr> <tr> <td>⋅</td> <td>U+22C5</td> <td style="text-align:left">DOT OPERATOR</td> <td style="text-align:left">Malpunkt, Punktoperator</td> <td>&#x22C5;</td> <td>&#8901;</td> <td>&sdot;</td> <td>\cdot</td> </tr> <tr> <td>∙</td> <td>U+2219</td> <td style="text-align:left">BULLET OPERATOR</td> <td style="text-align:left">Fettere Variante des Malpunktes für das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skalarprodukt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skalarprodukt">Skalarprodukt</a></td> <td>&#x2219;</td> <td>&#8729;</td> <td></td> <td>\bullet</td> </tr> <tr> <td>∗</td> <td>U+2217</td> <td style="text-align:left">ASTERISK OPERATOR</td> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hodge-Stern-Operator?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hodge-Stern-Operator">Hodge-Stern-Operator</a></td> <td>&#x2217;</td> <td>&#8727;</td> <td>&lowast;</td> <td>\ast</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>U+2062</td> <td style="text-align:left">INVISIBLE TIMES</td> <td style="text-align:left">Unsichtbares Multiplikationszeichen</td> <td>&#x2062;</td> <td>&#8290;</td> <td>&InvisibleTimes;</td> <td>automatisch</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Bei den U+2715/2716 ist aber zu bedenken, dass sie dem Abschnitt <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode-Block_Dingbats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode-Block Dingbats">Dingbats</a> entstammen und nur dekorative Versionen des normalen Kreuzchens U+00D7 sind; sie haben keine mathematische Sonderbedeutung und sind nicht im normalen Text einzusetzen.</p> <p>Das „Unsichtbare Multiplikationszeichen“ ist dafür vorgesehen, bei der Codierung im wissenschaftlichen Formelsatz die einzelnen Faktoren zunächst semantisch zu trennen. Für die Darstellung kann dann etwa ein schmales Leerzeichen in gewünschter Breite benutzt werden (siehe oben).</p> <p>Im <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American Standard Code for Information Interchange">ASCII</a>-<a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zeichensatz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zeichensatz">Zeichensatz</a> aus dem Jahr 1963 ist keines der Zeichen enthalten, weshalb viele ältere Computersysteme sie nicht darstellen konnten. Die ASCII-Erweiterungen <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_6937?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 6937">ISO 6937</a> von 1983 und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_8859-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 8859-1">ISO 8859-1</a> (Latin 1) von 1986 enthalten bereits das Malkreuz.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tastatur">Tastatur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Tastatur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Auf Tastaturen mit der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tastaturbelegung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tastaturbelegung">Belegung</a> <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T2_(Tastaturbelegung)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T2 (Tastaturbelegung)">T2</a> gemäß der neu gefassten deutschen Norm <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DIN_2137?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DIN 2137">DIN 2137</a>:2012-06 wird eingegeben:</p> <ul> <li>Das Malkreuz × mit der Tastenkombination <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_Gr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt Gr">Alt Gr</a></kbd>+<kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;"><big>^</big></kbd> (<a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zirkumflex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zirkumflex">Caret</a>-Taste links oben).</li> <li>Der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mittelpunkt_(Schriftzeichen)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mittelpunkt (Schriftzeichen)">Mittelpunkt</a> · als Ersatzzeichen für den auf der Belegung nicht vorhandenen Malpunkt mit der Tastenfolge <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gruppenumschaltung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gruppenumschaltung">Gruppenumschaltung</a> ⇨</kbd> gefolgt von <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">.</kbd> (Punkt).</li> </ul> <p>Darüber hinaus enthalten übliche Computer<a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tastatur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tastatur">tastaturen</a> keines der oben aufgeführten, syntaktisch und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Typografie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Typografie">typografisch</a> korrekten Malzeichen. Stattdessen produzieren sowohl die Sternchentaste im Hauptblock der Tastatur als auch die Malzeichentaste im <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ziffernblock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ziffernblock">Ziffernblock</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> das einfache <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sternchen_(Schriftzeichen)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sternchen (Schriftzeichen)">Sternchen</a> (*; Unicode U+002A), welches meist zu einem unbefriedigenden Schriftbild führt. Von fast allen Computerprogrammen mit Rechenfunktionen und auch in fast allen <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Programmiersprache?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Programmiersprache">Programmiersprachen</a> wird das Sternchen allerdings als <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rechenzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rechenzeichen">Rechenzeichen</a> für die Multiplikation anerkannt, die korrekten Malzeichen dagegen oft nicht.</p> <p>Auf <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linux">Linux</a>-Rechnern mit deutscher <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tastaturbelegung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tastaturbelegung">Tastaturbelegung</a> kann der Mittelpunkt · (U+00B7) mit der Tastenkombination <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">Alt Gr</kbd> + <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">,</kbd> erzeugt werden, durch gleichzeitiges Drücken der <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">⇧ <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Umschalttaste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Umschalttaste">Umschalttaste</a></kbd> erreicht man das Malzeichen × (U+00D7). Bei Verwendung der Schweizer Tastaturbelegung (deutsche und französische Sprachvariante) befindet sich der Mittelpunkt auf der dritten Belegung (<kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">Alt Gr</kbd>) der Taste <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">.</kbd> und das Malzeichen auf der vierten Belegung (<kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">Alt Gr</kbd> + <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">⇧ Umschalttaste</kbd>) der Taste <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">,</kbd>.</p> <p>Unter Windows lassen sich die Zeichen mit Hilfe der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zeichentabelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zeichentabelle">Zeichentabelle</a> oder den Tastenkombinationen <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">Alt</kbd> + <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">0183</kbd> für den Mittelpunkt sowie <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">Alt</kbd> + <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">0215</kbd> für das Malkreuz einfügen.</p> <p>Auf <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apple_Macintosh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Macintosh">Apple-Macintosh</a>-Rechnern können die Zeichen in der Zeichenpalette mit Hilfe der entsprechenden Bezeichnung, beispielsweise <i>MULTIPLICATION SIGN</i>, gefunden werden.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Mit dem <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neo_(Tastaturbelegung)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neo (Tastaturbelegung)">Neo-Tastaturlayout</a> kann der Malpunkt · mittels <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">Mod3</kbd> + <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">× (Ziffernblock)</kbd> eingegeben werden. Das Malkreuz × liegt auf <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">Mod4</kbd> + <kbd style="background: #F7F7F7; color: #202122; background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.4),rgba(127,127,127,.2)); border-color:#DDDDDD #AAAAAA #888888 #CCCCCC; border-radius:2px; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; font-family:inherit; padding:0 .4em; text-shadow:0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.2); white-space:nowrap;">× (Ziffernblock)</kbd>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ähnliche_und_verwandte_Zeichen"><span id=".C3.84hnliche_und_verwandte_Zeichen"></span>Ähnliche und verwandte Zeichen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Ähnliche und verwandte Zeichen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Wegen des Fehlens der Malzeichen auf der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tastatur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tastatur">Tastatur</a> werden die Zeichen häufig durch den Buchstaben x (groß- oder kleingeschrieben) oder das einfache Sternchen (*) ersetzt. Bei Verwendung einer <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grotesk_(Schrift)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grotesk (Schrift)">Grotesk</a>-Schriftart (wie etwa Arial) kommt die Gestalt des kleinen x dem Malzeichen schon recht nahe, es steht aber natürlich noch auf der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liniensystem_(Typografie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liniensystem (Typografie)">Grundlinie</a> und nicht mittig.</p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption> Zeichen, bei denen Verwechslungsgefahr besteht </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Zeichen</th> <th colspan="2">Unicode</th> <th rowspan="2">Name</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Bezeichnung</th> </tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>U+0058</td> <td style="text-align:left">Latin capital letter X</td> <td style="text-align:left">Lateinischer Großbuchstabe X</td> </tr> <tr> <td>x</td> <td>U+0078</td> <td style="text-align:left">Latin small letter x</td> <td style="text-align:left">Lateinischer Kleinbuchstabe x</td> </tr> <tr> <td>*</td> <td>U+002A</td> <td style="text-align:left">Asterisk</td> <td style="text-align:left">Sternchen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>•</td> <td>U+2022</td> <td style="text-align:left">Bullet</td> <td style="text-align:left">Fetter Punkt (<a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aufz%C3%A4hlungszeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aufzählungszeichen">Aufzählungszeichen</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>․</td> <td>U+2024</td> <td style="text-align:left">One dot leader</td> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Leitpunkt&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Leitpunkt (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Leitpunkt</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>‧</td> <td>U+2027</td> <td style="text-align:left">Hyphenation point</td> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silbentrennungspunkt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Silbentrennungspunkt">Silbentrennungspunkt</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>·</td> <td>U+0387</td> <td style="text-align:left">Greek ano teleia</td> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hochpunkt_(Interpunktion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hochpunkt (Interpunktion)">Hochpunkt</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Florian_Cajori?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florian Cajori">Florian Cajori</a>: <i>A History of Mathematical Notations.</i> Dover Publications, New York NY 1993, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0486677664?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-486-67766-4</a> (Nachdruck des zweibändigen Originalwerkes von Open Court Publishing Co. 1928/1929).</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Einzelnachweise_und_Anmerkungen">Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duden online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/mal">mal</a>, Bibliographisches Institut GmbH, 2013</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">DIN 1338 (2011-03): <i>Formelschreibweise und Formelsatz</i>: <i>„Das liegende Kreuz wird für Zahlenangaben für Flächenformate und für räumliche Abmessungen benutzt. Dabei steht hinter jedem Zahlenwert das Einheitenzeichen.“</i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedrich Forssman, Ralf de Jong: <i>Detailtypographie.</i> 2. Auflage Mainz 2004, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3874396428?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-87439-642-8</a>, S. 191.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_4-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">DIN 5008:2020-03, <i>Schreib- und Gestaltungsregeln für die Text- und Informationsverarbeitung</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-DIN50082011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DIN50082011_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Schreib. und Gestaltungsregeln für die Textverarbeitung. Sonderdruck von DIN 5008:2011</i>, 5. Auflage, Beuth Verlag Berlin 2011, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783410213673?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-410-21367-3</a>, S. 14.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://rainer-seitel.onlinehome.de/unicode-de.html">Unicode® 8.0 Zeichen und Symbole auf Deutsch</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Richtlinien zur Gestaltung statistischer Tabellen für die Verbundprogrammierung</i>. Arbeitskreis Veröffentlichungen der Statistischen Landesämter, Wiesbaden 1997, S. 36.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.w3.org/Math/characters/unicode.xml">unicode.xml</a> – Tabelle des <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>, die die Umsetzung von Unicode unter anderem in LaTeX angibt</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dass auf den entsprechenden Tasten des Ziffernblocks Mal- und Durchzeichen aufgedruckt sind, ist eher eine Ausnahme in Deutschland, die auch nur ein Teil der Tastaturhersteller so umsetzt; bei Tastaturen anderer Länder sind dort durchgängig das Sternchen und der Schrägstrich aufgedruckt.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malzeichen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r246413598">.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento{color:var(--color-base,#202122)!important}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025090903/http://www.typografie.info/typowiki/index.php?title%3DMac_Zeichenpalette">Mac Zeichenpalette</a> (<a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Web-Archivierung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Web-Archivierung"><span class="webarchiv-memento">Memento</span></a> vom 25. Oktober 2007 im <i><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet_Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>)</span></li> </ol> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.013 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Abgerufen von „<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMalzeichen%26oldid%3D247495935">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&oldid=247495935</a>“ </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malzeichen&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Wassermaus" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1723106484"> <span>Zuletzt bearbeitet am 8. August 2024 um 09:41</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Sprachen</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B6%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8" title="علامة الضرب – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علامة الضرب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25A3_%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="গুণ চিহ্ন – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুণ চিহ্ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signe_de_multiplicar" title="Signe de multiplicar – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Signe de multiplicar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%25C3%25A1t_(znak)" title="Krát (znak) – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krát (znak)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Multiplication sign" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signo_de_multiplicaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Signo de multiplicación – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Signo de multiplicación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croix_de_multiplication" title="Croix de multiplication – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croix de multiplication" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signo_de_multiplicaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Signo de multiplicación – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Signo de multiplicación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B2%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A6%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25AF%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B7%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6" title="Բազմապատկման նշան – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բազմապատկման նշան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanda_kali" title="Tanda kali – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanda kali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_(matematica)" title="Per (matematica) – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Per (matematica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2597" title="× – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="×" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B3%25B1%25EC%2585%2588%25EA%25B8%25B0%25ED%2598%25B8" title="곱셈기호 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="곱셈기호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalteken" title="Maalteken – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maalteken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znak_mno%25C5%25BCenia" title="Znak mnożenia – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Znak mnożenia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinal_de_multiplica%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o" title="Sinal de multiplicação – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sinal de multiplicação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnul_%25C3%25AEnmul%25C8%259Birii" title="Semnul înmulțirii – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Semnul înmulțirii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA_%25D1%2583%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Знак умножения – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Знак умножения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%25C3%25A1t_(znak)" title="Krát (znak) – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krát (znak)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krat" title="Krat – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplikationstecken" title="Multiplikationstecken – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Multiplikationstecken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AE%25BF" title="பெருக்கல் குறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெருக்கல் குறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587arpma_i%25C5%259Fareti" title="Çarpma işareti – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çarpma işareti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F" title="Знак множення – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Знак множення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%2598%25E5%258F%25B7" title="乘号 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乘号" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%2598%25E8%2599%259F" title="乘號 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="乘號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 8. 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