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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <meta name="twitter:widgets:border-color" content="#ffffff"> <title> South Korea | Climate Action Tracker </title> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <meta name="description" content=""/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <meta property="og:title" content=" South Korea"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://climateactiontracker.org/media/images/CAT_2023-06u_Twitter_RatingBanner.2e16d0ba.fill-1200x630_n2AR58M.png"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/images/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/images/favicon-16x16.png"> 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</ul> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item dropdown deep-dropdown active"> <a data-deep-toggle=".deep-dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#">Countries</a> <div class="dropdown-menu countries-menu-dropdown"> <ul class="countries-menu-dropdown__countries hidden-md hidden-lg"> <li class="dropdown-item"> <form data-vanilla-url-jump-form> <select name="url_selector" class="form-control"> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/">- Select a country -</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/argentina/" >Argentina</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/australia/" >Australia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/bhutan/" >Bhutan</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/brazil/" >Brazil</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/canada/" >Canada</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/chile/" >Chile</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/china/" >China</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/colombia/" >Colombia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/costa-rica/" >Costa Rica</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/eu/" >EU</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/egypt/" >Egypt</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/ethiopia/" >Ethiopia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/gabon/" >Gabon</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/germany/" >Germany</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/india/" >India</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/indonesia/" >Indonesia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/iran/" >Iran (Islamic Republic of)</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/japan/" >Japan</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/kazakhstan/" >Kazakhstan</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/kenya/" >Kenya</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/mexico/" >Mexico</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/morocco/" >Morocco</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/nepal/" >Nepal</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/new-zealand/" >New Zealand</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/nigeria/" >Nigeria</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/norway/" >Norway</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/peru/" >Peru</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/philippines/" >Philippines</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/russian-federation/" >Russian Federation</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/saudi-arabia/" >Saudi Arabia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/singapore/" >Singapore</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/south-africa/" >South Africa</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/south-korea/" selected="selected">South Korea</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/switzerland/" >Switzerland</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/thailand/" >Thailand</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/gambia/" >The Gambia</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/turkey/" >Türkiye</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/uae/" >UAE</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/usa/" >USA</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/ukraine/" >Ukraine</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/uk/" >United Kingdom</option> <option class="dropdown-second__select-option" value="/countries/vietnam/" >Viet Nam</option> </select> </form> </li> </ul> <ul class="countries-menu-dropdown__links"> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/countries/overview/">Overview</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/countries/rating-system/">Rating system</a></li> </ul> <div class="countries-menu-dropdown__countries_wrapper"> <ul class="countries-menu-dropdown__countries hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/argentina/">Argentina</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/australia/">Australia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/bhutan/">Bhutan</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/brazil/">Brazil</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/canada/">Canada</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/chile/">Chile</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/china/">China</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/colombia/">Colombia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/costa-rica/">Costa Rica</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/eu/">EU</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/egypt/">Egypt</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/ethiopia/">Ethiopia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/gabon/">Gabon</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/germany/">Germany</a></li> </ul> <ul class="countries-menu-dropdown__countries hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/india/">India</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/indonesia/">Indonesia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/iran/">Iran (Islamic Republic of)</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/japan/">Japan</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/kazakhstan/">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/kenya/">Kenya</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/mexico/">Mexico</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/morocco/">Morocco</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/nepal/">Nepal</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/new-zealand/">New Zealand</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/nigeria/">Nigeria</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/norway/">Norway</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/peru/">Peru</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/philippines/">Philippines</a></li> </ul> <ul class="countries-menu-dropdown__countries hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/russian-federation/">Russian Federation</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/saudi-arabia/">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/singapore/">Singapore</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/south-africa/">South Africa</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/south-korea/">South Korea</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/switzerland/">Switzerland</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/thailand/">Thailand</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/gambia/">The Gambia</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/turkey/">Türkiye</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/uae/">UAE</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/usa/">USA</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/ukraine/">Ukraine</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/uk/">United Kingdom</a></li> <li class="dropdown-item hidden-xs hidden-sm"><a href="/countries/vietnam/">Viet Nam</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item dropdown deep-dropdown"> <a data-deep-toggle=".deep-dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#">Methodology</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/methodology/">Introduction</a></li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item flyout"> <a data-deep-toggle=".flyout" class="flyout__toggle" href="#">CAT rating methodology</a> <flyout-menu parent=".flyout" class="flyout__menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/cat-rating-methodology/">Overview</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/cat-rating-methodology/fair-share/">Fair share</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/cat-rating-methodology/modelled-domestic-pathways/">Modelled domestic pathways</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/cat-rating-methodology/finance/">Finance</a> </li> <li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/cat-rating-methodology/lulucf/">LULUCF</a> </li> </ul> </flyout-menu> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/global-pathways/">Global emissions and temperature</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/estimating-national-emissions/">Estimating national emissions</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/paris-temperature-goal/">Paris temperature goal</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/land-use-and-forestry/">Land use, land-use change and forestry</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/net-zero-targets/">Net zero targets</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/methodology/rating-aviation-and-shipping/">Rating aviation and shipping</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item dropdown deep-dropdown"> <a data-deep-toggle=".deep-dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#">Publications</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/publications/">Reports</a></li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/publications/climate-governance/">Climate Governance Series</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" href="/blog/">Blog</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item dropdown deep-dropdown"> <a data-deep-toggle=".deep-dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#">Media</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/press/">News releases</a></li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/press/media-contact/">Media Contact</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".dropdown-menu" class="nav-item dropdown deep-dropdown"> <a data-deep-toggle=".deep-dropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#">Data Explorer</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu--last" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/cat-data-explorer/">Data Explorer</a></li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/cat-data-explorer/country-ratings/">Country ratings</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/cat-data-explorer/country-emissions/">Country emissions analysis</a> </li> <li data-deep-toggle-propagate-target=".flyout__menu" class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/cat-data-explorer/sector-indicators/">Sector indicators and 1.5°C benchmarks</a> </li> </ul> </li> <span data-component-nav-search class="nav-item nav-search"> <a href="#" class="nav-link d-block nav-search__link"> <span class="icon icon-icons_4"></span> <span class="nav-search__link-text">Search</span> </a> </span> </ul> </div> </nav> <main class="main-content"> <section class="headline--3" style="background-image: url('/static/images/slide-mask-3.png');"> <div class="container"> <div class="headline__first"> <div class="headline__flag"> <a href="/countries/south-korea/"><img class="img-fluid" src="/static/countries/flags/4x3/kr.svg" alt=""></a> </div> <div class="headline__info"> <h1 class="headline__title">South Korea</h1> <form data-vanilla-url-jump-form class="headline__revisions"> <label for="url_selector" class="headline__revisions-label">Choose update to view</label> <select id="url_selector" name="url_selector" class="headline__revisions-select"> <option value="/countries/south-korea/" selected="selected">17 Jul 2023</option> <option value="/countries/south-korea/2022-03-08/" > 8 Mar 2022</option> <option value="/countries/south-korea/2021-11-04/" > 4 Nov 2021</option> <option value="/countries/south-korea/2021-09-15/" >15 Sep 2021</option> <option value="/countries/south-korea/2020-07-30/" >30 Jul 2020</option> <option value="/countries/south-korea/2019-12-02/" > 2 Dec 2019</option> <option value="/countries/south-korea/2019-09-19/" >19 Sep 2019</option> <option value="/countries/south-korea/2018-12-03/" > 3 Dec 2018</option> <option value="/countries/south-korea/2018-04-30/" >30 Apr 2018</option> <option value="/media/documents/2018/4/CAT_2017-11-06_CountryAssessment_SouthKorea.pdf" > 6 Nov 2017</option> <option value="/media/documents/2018/4/CAT_2016-03-10_CountryAssessment_SouthKorea.pdf" >10 Mar 2016</option> <option value="/media/documents/2018/4/CAT_2015-07-02_CountryAssessment_SouthKorea.pdf" > 2 Jul 2015</option> <option value="/media/documents/2018/4/CAT_2014-12-06_CountryAssessment_SouthKorea.pdf" > 6 Dec 2014</option> <option value="/media/documents/2018/4/CAT_2013-11-20_CountryAssessment_SouthKorea.pdf" >20 Nov 2013</option> <option value="/media/documents/2018/4/CAT_2012-11-30_CountryAssessment_SouthKorea.pdf" >30 Nov 2012</option> <option value="/media/documents/2018/4/CAT_2011-10-04_CountryAssessment_SouthKorea.pdf" > 4 Oct 2011</option> </select> </form> </div> </div> <div class="headline__second"> <div class="headline__social social hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <span class="social__label">Share</span> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?status=South%20Korea%3A%20http%3A//climateactiontracker.org/countries/south-korea/" class="social__item" target="_blank"> <span class="icon icon-icons_31"></span> </a> <a 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modelled domestic pathways</i></p></dt> <dd><b>Highly insufficient</b></dd> <dd><i>< 4°C World</i></dd> </dl> </div> <div class="ratings-matrix__second-row-cell ratings-matrix__tile--ORANGE"> <dl> <dt><p>NDC target (domestic)<br> <i>against modelled domestic pathways</i></p></dt> <dd><b>Insufficient</b></dd> <dd><i>< 3°C World</i></dd> </dl> </div> <div class="ratings-matrix__second-row-cell ratings-matrix__tile--RED"> <dl> <dt><p>NDC target (full)<br> <i>against fair share</i></p></dt> <dd><b>Highly insufficient</b></dd> <dd><i>< 4°C World</i></dd> </dl> </div> <div class="ratings-matrix__second-row-cell ratings-matrix__tile--GRAY"> <dl> <dt>Climate finance</dt> <dd><b>Not assessed</b></dd> </dl> </div> </div> <div class="ratings-matrix__third-row"> <div class="ratings-matrix__third-row-cell ratings-matrix__third-row-cell--ORANGE"> <dl class="ratings-matrix__net_zero_target"> <dt>Net zero target</dt> <dd> <p>year</p> <b>2050</b> </dd> <dd> <p>Comprehensiveness rated as</p> <b class="ratings-matrix__label ratings-matrix__label--ORANGE"> Average </b> </dd> </dl> </div> <div class="ratings-matrix__third-row-cell ratings-matrix__third-row-cell--DARK_GRAY"> <dl class="ratings-matrix__land_use_forestry"> <dt>Land use & forestry</dt> <dd> <b class="ratings-matrix__label ratings-matrix__label--DARK_GRAY"> Not significant </b> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="country-tabs"> <div class="container"> <h3 class="country-tabs__header bottom-line bottom-line--primary bottom-line--130"> Country summary</h3> <ul class="nav nav-pills"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" href="/countries/south-korea/">Summary</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/countries/south-korea/targets/">Targets</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/countries/south-korea/policies-action/">Policies & action</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/countries/south-korea/2035-ndc/">2035 NDC</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/countries/south-korea/net-zero-targets/">Net zero targets</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/countries/south-korea/assumptions/">Assumptions</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/countries/south-korea/sources/">Sources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="container b-padding--3"> <div data-component-graph-embed data-props-footnotes="" data-props-graph-image-url="/media/images/CAT_2023-06u_Graph_SplitSummary_SouthKorea.width-1110.png" data-props-graph-hires-image-url="/media/images/CAT_2023-06u_Graph_SplitSummary_SouthKorea.original.png" data-props-scenario-data-url="/documents/1151/202306_CAT_AssessmentData_KOR_HG6N0np.xlsx" data-props-fair-share-data-url="" data-props-how-to-url="/countries/cat-graphs/" > </div> </div> <section data-vanilla-collapsible-sections class="b-padding--3"> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <h3 id="section__overview"> Overview </h3> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="7hjop"><b>A change of government in South Korea has seen a shift in climate policies away from the government’s previous target of 100% renewables, which new President Yoon Suk-yeol has stated are “too expensive”. Instead, he has revitalised the nuclear power program, reversing his predecessor’s announced phase-out of nuclear power.</b></p><p data-block-key="bsnm9"><b>South Korea’s climate change mitigation and energy sector planning still lacks the necessary speed and stringency it needs to get onto a pathway compatible with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C temperature limit.</b></p><p data-block-key="672eq"><b>The January 2023 10</b><b><sup>th</sup></b><b> Basic Electricity Plan passed in January 2023 proposes revising the targets for the country's electricity mix by 2030 and 2036, aiming for more nuclear than previous targets, at the cost of renewable energy, while its targeted share of coal and LNG are similar. While this change has a limited effect on 2030 emission levels, the deprioritisation of renewable energy hampers a transition towards a 1.5°C pathway. To be Paris Agreement-compatible, coal needs to be phased-out by 2030 at the latest, and gas phased out from the power sector shortly after.</b></p><p data-block-key="2sugp"><b>In 2021, the share of coal-fired power generation further decreased to 35%, from above 40% over the last decade and from 36% in 2020. The use of renewable energy only increased slightly; more notable is an increase in fossil gas-based electricity production, at 31% of electricity. Nuclear electricity generation decreased slightly in the same year.</b></p><p data-block-key="apgq"><b>South Korea’s December 2021 NDC sets an emissions reduction target of 40% below 2018 levels by 2030, a significant improvement on the previous NDC of 24.4% below 2017 levels, but does not improve the overall CAT rating of “Highly insufficient”. Deducting the suggested contribution of forestry and reductions overseas, the target translates into a 32% reduction of domestic emissions by 2030, compared to 2018. To meet the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C temperature limit, the CAT estimates that a domestic emissions reduction of at least 59% by 2030 is needed.</b></p><p data-block-key="3a2ng"><b>After taking office on May 2022,</b> <b>South Korea’s new government is continuing its efforts to advance the implementation of its carbon neutrality target, evaluated as “average” by the CAT. The Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth enshrines carbon-neutrality by 2050 into law. Following the Framework Act, in October 2021 South Korea released sectoral roadmaps with possible policy measures. If those roadmaps were implemented, they would also lead to emissions reductions before 2030 and decrease the CAT projections under policies and action.</b></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <div class="section-header" id="section__highly-insufficient"> <div class="ratings-section-header ratings-matrix__tile--RED"> <dl> <dt>Overall rating</dt> <dd>Highly insufficient</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="7hjop">The CAT rates South Korea’s climate targets and policies as “Highly insufficient”. The “Highly insufficient” rating indicates that South Korea’s climate policies and commitments are not consistent with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C temperature limit.</p><p data-block-key="ed088">The domestic component of South Korea’s 2030 target is rated “Insufficient” when compared to modelled domestic pathways. If all countries pursued this level of ambition, it would lead to up to 3°C of warming. To achieve its target, South Korea would need to enhance its policies and action, which are rated “Highly insufficient” and are currently only compatible with up to 4°C of warming compared to modelled domestic pathways.</p><p data-block-key="bsj4o">We rate South Korea’s NDC target including the emissions reductions abroad as “Highly insufficient” when compared with its fair-share contribution to climate action. South Korea should also significantly increase the domestic component of its emissions reduction target, to get on a 1.5°C Paris Agreement compatible pathway.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <div class="section-header" id="section__highly-insufficient"> <div class="ratings-section-header ratings-matrix__tile--RED"> <dl> <dt><p>Policies and action<br> <i>against modelled domestic pathways</i></p></dt> <dd>Highly insufficient</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="7hjop">We rate South Korea’s policies and action as “Highly insufficient”. The “Highly insufficient” rating indicates that South Korea’s policies and action in 2030 are not at all consistent with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C temperature limit. If all countries were to follow South Korea’s approach, warming could reach over 3°C and up to 4°C.</p><p data-block-key="9cc65">In March 2023, the Presidential Commission on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth released its first basic plan. 2030’s sectoral emission reduction target of the NDC was changed but the overall reduction target remains the same. The plan marks growing reliance on overseas reduction (from 33.5 Mt to 37.5 Mt), various hydrogen (from 7.6 to 8.4 Mt) and CCUS (10.3 to 11.2 Mt). The industrial sector reduction target was reduced to 11%, which previously set at 14.5% in 2021 (37.9 Mt to 29.8 Mt) (MOE, 2023).</p><p data-block-key="j5qh">In January 2023, the government passed its Tenth Electricity Plan, which aims to increase the renewable electricity share to 21.6% by 2030, up from around 6% in 2020 (IEA, 2021c), while nuclear power would rise to 32.8%, and coal would drop to 21.2% (MOTIE, 2022b). South Korea’s current share of renewables in its power mix is the lowest in the OECD (Schneider et al., 2022a).</p><p data-block-key="pegd">Compared to previous plans, the Tenth Electricity Plan aims for a slower growth of renewable energy, and instead priorities nuclear energy. The government plans to extend the lifetime of ten nuclear power plants by 2030 (MOLIT, 2022). Although nuclear electricity generation does not emit CO<sub>2</sub>, the CAT doesn’t see nuclear as the solution to the climate crisis due to its risks such as nuclear accidents and proliferation, high and increasing costs (compared to alternatives such as renewables), long construction times, incompatibility with a flexible supply of electricity from wind and solar, and its vulnerability to heat waves.</p><p data-block-key="5p8da">The Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is the main policy instrument for promoting renewable energy in South Korea. The RPS scheme mandates major electricity utilities to increase renewable and “new energy” share of the electricity mix to 10% by 2030 (Korea New and Renewable Energy Center, 2019). However, the new tenth electricity plan will include lowering the RPS ratio to 13% in 2023 (previously set at 14.5%) and to gradually increase it to 15% and 25% in 2026 and 2030 respectively (Renewables Now, 2023).</p><p data-block-key="9ldvb">The revised Renewable Energy Act, passed in March 2021, raised the share of renewables at 25% by 2034. This law will support South Korea in achieving its renewable energy targets, however this is still insufficient to put the country on a 1.5°C compatible pathway (Renewables Now, 2023).</p><p data-block-key="22hch">The new government has announced its intention to shut down 20 coal power plants by 2030 through the carbon neutral green growth vision and promotion strategy, but also plans to convert 26 coal-fired power plants (13.7 GW) to run on gas (LNG). Furthermore, additional five LNG power plants will be running, to secure 4.3 GW.</p><p data-block-key="513s1">In 2021, MOTIE stated that hydrogen and ammonia will play an integral role in achieving South Korea’s 2050 carbon neutrality target. The government sets 13.8-21.5% country’s electricity generation to be sourced from hydrogen and ammonia-fueled turbines by 2050, replacing power generation from coal and LNG. The government estimated to finalise 50% of 150 MW class hydrogen co-firing test by 2028 while demonstration of 20% ammonia co-firing will be completed by 2027.</p><p data-block-key="d7b7n">In April 2021 at the U.S. Leaders’ Summit on Climate, South Korea announced it will immediately stop financing coal projects abroad (Wang et al., 2021). However, just one month later, it announced exceptions for retrofitting, CCS, and approved projects. Despite this backpedaling, major Korean financial groups like KB, Shinhan, Hana, and Woori, have all announced plans to make their investment portfolios carbon neutral by 2050. According to SFOC’s (Solution for Our Climate, 2022) analysis, 70 out of the top 100 South Korean financial institutions have announced they will phase out coal, yet just only a fraction of them have set up actual policies; showing there is still much work to be done around such investment decisions.</p><p data-block-key="b6id6">South Korea joined the Global Methane Pledge, aiming to reduce methane emissions by 30% below 2018 levels (Climate & Clean Air Coalition, 2022). Joining the Global Methane Pledge, South Korea announced a methane reduction plan that included a national target to reduce emissions from 28 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e 2018 to 19.7 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030, a 30% reduction (IEA, 2022). If implemented, this would be a reduction of about 10 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030 below the CAT projections for policies and action.</p><p data-block-key="5rvjp">In 2020, South Korea had announced to increase the coverage of the Korea Energy Trading System (K-ETS) from 68% of national GHG emissions to 73.5%. As a result, almost 80% of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from energy use in 2021 were covered.</p><p data-block-key="6lgad"></p><p data-block-key="3sm3c"><b>The full policies and action analysis can be found</b> <a href="/countries/south-korea/2023-07-17/policies-action/"><b>here</b></a><b>.</b></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <div class="section-header" id="section__insufficient"> <div class="ratings-section-header ratings-matrix__tile--ORANGE"> <dl> <dt><p>NDC target (domestic)<br> <i>against modelled domestic pathways</i></p></dt> <dd>Insufficient</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="7hjop">We rate the domestic component of South Korea’s NDC target for 2030 as “Insufficient” when compared modelled domestic pathways. The “Insufficient” rating indicates that South Korea’s domestic target in 2030 needs substantial improvements to be consistent with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C temperature limit. If all countries were to follow South Korea’s approach, warming would reach over 2°C and up to 3°C.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <div class="section-header" id="section__highly-insufficient"> <div class="ratings-section-header ratings-matrix__tile--RED"> <dl> <dt><p>NDC target (full)<br> <i>against fair share</i></p></dt> <dd>Highly insufficient</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="7hjop">We rate South Korea’s overall NDC target (including the domestic and the international element) as “Highly insufficient” when compared with its fair-share contribution to climate action. The “Highly insufficient” rating indicates that South Korea’s fair share target in 2030 leads to rising, rather than falling, emissions and is not in line with any interpretation of a fair approach to meeting the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C limit. If all countries were to follow South Korea’s approach, warming could reach over 3°C and up to 4°C.</p><p data-block-key="8d41a">The CAT rates the full target, including South Korea’s proposed procurement of carbon credits from other countries, as “Highly Insufficient” when compared to South Korea’s fair share. This assessment of South Korea’s target does not, at present, question the quality of the credits procured from abroad, and we were unable to identify sufficient information to examine this element of its NDC. As such our analysis may overestimate the mitigation impact of South Korea’s target.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section content-section--has-left-side"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-section__left-side"> <div class="section-header" id="section__average"> <div class="ratings-section-header ratings-matrix__tile--ORANGE"> <dl> <dt>Net zero target</dt> <dd>Average</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-section__content"> <div class="content-block"><p data-block-key="7hjop">We evaluate the net zero target as “Average”. The target is enshrined in law through the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth, which was passed in August 2021 and enforced in March 2022.</p><p data-block-key="2heke">Over the course of 2022, the government has further advanced the enforcement of the legal framework around the target and has taken steps towards more detailed sectoral planning in the form of the Carbon Neutral Green Growth Vision and Implementation Strategy. The strategy includes launching of the 2050 Carbon Neutral Green Growth Committee and the carbon-neutral green growth promotion strategies; (responsible carbon neutrality, innovation, cooperation and adaptation), and technology innovation strategies; (R&D investment system, carbon neutral technological by private sector, institutional support) which aim to achieve the 2030 NDC and the 2050 carbon neutrality target. The net zero target does not include overseas reductions. However, it lacks clarity on emissions coverage and detail in the government’s review process.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="latest-publications b-padding--3"> <div class="container"> <h3 class="bottom-line bottom-line--primary bottom-line--130">Further analysis</h3> <div class="row-listing"> <a class="row-listing__item" href="/countries/south-korea/targets/"> <div class="row-listing__item-image"> <img alt="Targets" class="img-fluid" src=" /media/images/Icon-PledgesTargets.2e16d0ba.fill-128x128.png"> </div> <div class="row-listing__item-title">Targets</div> </a> <a class="row-listing__item" href="/countries/south-korea/policies-action/"> <div class="row-listing__item-image"> <img alt="Policies & action" class="img-fluid" src=" /media/images/Icon-CurrentPolicies.2e16d0ba.fill-128x128.png"> </div> <div class="row-listing__item-title">Policies & action</div> </a> <a class="row-listing__item" href="/countries/south-korea/2035-ndc/"> <div class="row-listing__item-image"> <img alt="2035 NDC" class="img-fluid" src=" /media/images/Icon-PledgesTargets.2e16d0ba.fill-128x128.png"> </div> <div class="row-listing__item-title">2035 NDC</div> </a> <a class="row-listing__item" href="/countries/south-korea/net-zero-targets/"> <div class="row-listing__item-image"> <img alt="Net zero targets" class="img-fluid" src=" /media/images/Icon-MitigationOptions.2e16d0ba.fill-128x128.png"> </div> <div class="row-listing__item-title">Net zero targets</div> </a> <a class="row-listing__item" href="/countries/south-korea/assumptions/"> <div class="row-listing__item-image"> <img alt="Assumptions" class="img-fluid" src=" /media/images/Icon-Assumtions.2e16d0ba.fill-128x128.png"> </div> <div class="row-listing__item-title">Assumptions</div> </a> <a class="row-listing__item" href="/countries/south-korea/sources/"> <div class="row-listing__item-image"> <img alt="Sources" class="img-fluid" src=" /media/images/Icon-Sources.2e16d0ba.fill-128x128.png"> 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