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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Đặc_trưng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Đặc_trưng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Đặc trưng</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Đặc_trưng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ứng_dụng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ứng_dụng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ứng dụng</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ứng_dụng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lịch_sử" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lịch_sử"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lịch sử</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lịch_sử-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phổ_biến" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phổ_biến"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Phổ biến</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phổ_biến-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hợp_chất" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hợp_chất"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hợp chất</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hợp_chất-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Đồng_vị" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Đồng_vị"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Đồng vị</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Đồng_vị-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phòng_ngừa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phòng_ngừa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Phòng ngừa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phòng_ngừa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liên_kết_ngoài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Liên kết ngoài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Praseodymi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 131 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">131 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium – Tiếng Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Praseodimium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%88%AB%E1%88%B2%E1%8B%AE%E1%8B%B2%E1%88%9A%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ፕራሲዮዲሚየም – Tiếng Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፕራሲዮዲሚየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रेजोडायमियम – Tiếng Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="प्रेजोडायमियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="براسيوديميوم – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="براسيوديميوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimu" title="Praseodimu – Tiếng Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Praseodimu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimiu" title="Praseodimiu – Tiếng Asturias" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Praseodimiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Asturias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodim" title="Prazeodim – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Prazeodim" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Praseodimium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Praseodimium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pras%C3%A9odimium" title="Praséodimium – Tiếng Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Praséodimium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="প্রাসিওডিমিয়াম – Tiếng Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাসিওডিমিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Tiếng Mân Nam" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mân Nam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Празеадым – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Празеадым" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Празэадым – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Празэадым" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रासियोडाइमियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्रासियोडाइमियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodij" title="Prazeodij – Tiếng Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prazeodij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodimiom" title="Prazeodimiom – Tiếng Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Prazeodimiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimi" title="Praseodimi – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Praseodimi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymyo" title="Praseodymyo – Tiếng Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Praseodymyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Praseodym" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimiu" title="Praseodimiu – Tiếng Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Praseodimiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymiwm" title="Praseodymiwm – Tiếng Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Praseodymiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym – Tiếng Đan Mạch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Praseodym" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đan Mạch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85" title="پراسيوديم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پراسيوديم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Praseodym" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseod%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Praseodüüm – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Praseodüüm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πρασεοδύμιο – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρασεοδύμιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bài viết tốt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimio" title="Praseodimio – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Praseodimio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodimo" title="Prazeodimo – Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prazeodimo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimio" title="Praseodimio – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Praseodimio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پرازئودیمیم – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرازئودیمیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Tiếng Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pras%C3%A9odyme" title="Praséodyme – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Praséodyme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimi" title="Praseodimi – Tiếng Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Praseodimi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prais%C3%A9idimiam" title="Praiséidimiam – Tiếng Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Praiséidimiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prashodymmium" title="Prashodymmium – Tiếng Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Prashodymmium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasodimium" title="Prasodimium – Tiếng Gael Scotland" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Prasodimium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Gael Scotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimio" title="Praseodimio – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Praseodimio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="પ્રેસિયોડિમિયમ – Tiếng Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્રેસિયોડિમિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Tiếng Khách Gia" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khách Gia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%84%B8%EC%98%A4%EB%94%94%EB%AE%B4" title="프라세오디뮴 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프라세오디뮴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Պրազեդիում – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պրազեդիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रासियोडाइमियम – Tiếng Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रासियोडाइमियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimij" title="Praseodimij – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Praseodimij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodimio" title="Prazeodimio – Tiếng Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Prazeodimio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmPhahlazambi" title="UmPhahlazambi – Tiếng Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmPhahlazambi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prase%C3%B3d%C3%BDm" title="Praseódým – Tiếng Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Praseódým" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimio" title="Praseodimio – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Praseodimio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פרסאודימיום – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרסאודימיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium – Tiếng Java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Praseodimium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pras%C9%9By%C9%94d%C9%A9m%C9%A9" title="Prasɛyɔdɩmɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Prasɛyɔdɩmɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪ್ರೇಸಿಯೊಡೈಮಿಯಮ್ – Tiếng Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರೇಸಿಯೊಡೈಮಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პრაზეოდიმი – Tiếng Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პრაზეოდიმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymiom" title="Praseodymiom – Tiếng Cornwall" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Praseodymiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Cornwall" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimi" title="Praseodimi – Tiếng Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Praseodimi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Tiếng La-tinh" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng La-tinh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeod%C4%ABms" title="Prazeodīms – Tiếng Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prazeodīms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym – Tiếng Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Praseodym" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodimis" title="Prazeodimis – Tiếng Litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prazeodimis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimio" title="Praseodimio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Praseodimio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Tiếng Limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodiimu" title="Prazeodiimu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Prazeodiimu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrprase,odimi" title="jinmrprase,odimi – Tiếng Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrprase,odimi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeod%C3%ADmium" title="Prazeodímium – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Prazeodímium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Празеодиум – Tiếng Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Празеодиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രസിയോഡൈമിയം – Tiếng Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രസിയോഡൈമിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रासिओडायमियम – Tiếng Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रासिओडायमियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="براسوديميوم – Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="براسوديميوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Mông Cổ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mông Cổ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ပရာဆီယိုဒိုင်ယမ် – Tiếng Miến Điện" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပရာဆီယိုဒိုင်ယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Miến Điện" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रासियोडाइमियम – Tiếng Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्रासियोडाइमियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A0" title="プラセオジム – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プラセオジム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseod%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Praseodüüm – Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Praseodüüm" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Praseodym" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym – Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Praseodym" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimi" title="Praseodimi – Tiếng Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Praseodimi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodim" title="Prazeodim – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Prazeodim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਪ੍ਰੇਜ਼ੀਓਡੀਮੀਅਮ – Tiếng Punjab" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰੇਜ਼ੀਓਡੀਮੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Punjab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रासियोडाइमियम – Tiếng Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="प्रासियोडाइमियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پریزیڈومیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پریزیڈومیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85" title="پراسيوديموميم – Tiếng Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پراسيوديموميم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimi" title="Praseodimi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Praseodimi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodym" title="Prazeodym – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prazeodym" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseod%C3%ADmio" title="Praseodímio – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Praseodímio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodim" title="Praseodim – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Praseodim" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasiwthimyu" title="Parasiwthimyu – Tiếng Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Parasiwthimyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Празеодимиум – Tiếng Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Празеодимиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रासियोडाइमियम – Tiếng Phạn" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्रासियोडाइमियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phạn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseod%C3%ACmiu" title="Praseodìmiu – Tiếng Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Praseodìmiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimi" title="Praseodimi – Tiếng Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Praseodimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimiu" title="Praseodimiu – Tiếng Sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Praseodimiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeod%C3%BDm" title="Prazeodým – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prazeodým" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodim" title="Prazeodim – Tiếng Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prazeodim" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="پرازیۆدیمیۆم – Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پرازیۆدیمیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Празеодијум – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Празеодијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodijum" title="Prazeodijum – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prazeodijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodyymi" title="Praseodyymi – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Praseodyymi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Praseodym" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidimyo" title="Presidimyo – Tiếng Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Presidimyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரசியோடைமியம் – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரசியோடைமியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ప్రాసియోడిమియం – Tiếng Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రాసియోడిమియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="เพรซีโอดิเมียม – Tiếng Thái" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เพรซีโอดิเมียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodim" title="Praseodim – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Praseodim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Празеодим – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Празеодим" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="پریزیوڈیمیئم – Tiếng Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پریزیوڈیمیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%90%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89%D9%8A" title="پرازېئودىمىي – Tiếng Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پرازېئودىمىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazeodim" title="Prazeodim – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Prazeodim" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%A0" title="鐠 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鐠" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodimyo" title="Praseodimyo – Tiếng Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Praseodimyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨 – Tiếng Ngô" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="镨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ngô" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium – Tiếng Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Praseodymium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%A0" title="鐠 – Tiếng Quảng Đông" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鐠" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quảng Đông" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="镨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1386#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymi" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Praseodymi" rel="discussion" title="Thảo luận về trang này [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Thay đổi biến thể ngôn ngữ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tiếng Việt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymi"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=history" title="Các phiên bản cũ của trang này [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymi"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Praseodymi" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Praseodymi" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Trang_%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t" title="Một danh sách chứa tất cả trang đặc biệt [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Trang đặc biệt</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&oldid=70701200" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&page=Praseodymi&id=70701200&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPraseodymi"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPraseodymi"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Praseodymi"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=Praseodymi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1386" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:12px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.1em;font-size:135%;font-weight:bold;color:black;background:#ffbfff; padding-bottom: 8px;">Praseodymi, <sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">59</span></sub>Pr</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Praseodymium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Praseodymium.jpg/220px-Praseodymium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Praseodymium.jpg/330px-Praseodymium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Praseodymium.jpg/440px-Praseodymium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="848" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background:#ffbfff">Tính chất chung</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Tên, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BD_hi%E1%BB%87u_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Ký hiệu hóa học">ký hiệu</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">Praseodymi, Pr</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Phiên âm</th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' trong 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' trong 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' trong 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'z' trong 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/i/: 'y' trong 'happy'">i</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span></span><span title="Unrecognized symbol"><strong class="error">[invalid input: 'ɵ']</strong></span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' trong 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' trong 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' trong 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' trong 'happy'">i</span><span title="/əm/: 'm' trong 'rhythm'">əm</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">PRAY</span>-zee-o-<span style="font-size:90%">DIM</span>-ee-əm</i></a> <br /> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' trong 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' trong 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' trong 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'s' trong 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/i/: 'y' trong 'happy'">i</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span></span><span title="Unrecognized symbol"><strong class="error">[invalid input: 'ɵ']</strong></span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' trong 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' trong 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' trong 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' trong 'happy'">i</span><span title="/əm/: 'm' trong 'rhythm'">əm</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">PRAY</span>-see-o-<span style="font-size:90%">DIM</span>-ee-əm</i></a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Hình dạng</th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">Xám trắng</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background:#ffbfff">Praseodymi trong <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bảng tuần hoàn">bảng tuần hoàn</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; border-width:1px; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent; border:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:10px"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border:none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hydro" title="Hydro (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Hydro (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Heli" title="Heli (noble gas)"><img alt="Heli (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi (alkali metal)"><img alt="Lithi (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Beryli" title="Beryli (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Beryli (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor (metalloid)"><img alt="Bor (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nit%C6%A1" title="Nitơ (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Nitơ (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oxy" title="Oxy (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Oxy (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Fluor (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon (noble gas)"><img alt="Neon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Natri" title="Natri (alkali metal)"><img alt="Natri (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Magnesi" title="Magnesi (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Magnesi (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B4m" title="Nhôm (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Nhôm (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Silic" title="Silic (metalloid)"><img alt="Silic (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Phosphor (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0u_hu%E1%BB%B3nh" title="Lưu huỳnh (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Lưu huỳnh (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Chlor (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon (noble gas)"><img alt="Argon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali (alkali metal)"><img alt="Kali (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Calci" title="Calci (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Calci (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scandi" title="Scandi (transition metal)"><img alt="Scandi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Titani" title="Titani (transition metal)"><img alt="Titani (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi (transition metal)"><img alt="Vanadi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom (transition metal)"><img alt="Chrom (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan (transition metal)"><img alt="Mangan (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%AFt" title="Sắt (transition metal)"><img alt="Sắt (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt (transition metal)"><img alt="Cobalt (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel (transition metal)"><img alt="Nickel (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng" title="Đồng (transition metal)"><img alt="Đồng (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/K%E1%BA%BDm" title="Kẽm (transition metal)"><img alt="Kẽm (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gali" title="Gali (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Gali (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani (metalloid)"><img alt="Germani (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic (metalloid)"><img alt="Arsenic (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Seleni" title="Seleni (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Seleni (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Brom (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton (noble gas)"><img alt="Krypton (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rubidi" title="Rubidi (alkali metal)"><img alt="Rubidi (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stronti" title="Stronti (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Stronti (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yttri" title="Yttri (transition metal)"><img alt="Yttri (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi (transition metal)"><img alt="Zirconi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi (transition metal)"><img alt="Niobi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Molypden" title="Molypden (transition metal)"><img alt="Molypden (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> 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style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rhodi" title="Rhodi (transition metal)"><img alt="Rhodi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paladi" title="Paladi (transition metal)"><img alt="Paladi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c" title="Bạc (transition metal)"><img alt="Bạc (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cadmi" title="Cadmi (transition metal)"><img alt="Cadmi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; 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title="Iod (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Iod (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon (noble gas)"><img alt="Xenon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none"> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Caesi" title="Caesi (alkali metal)"><img 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ceri" title="Ceri (lanthanide)"><img alt="Ceri (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymi" title="Praseodymi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Praseodymi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Neodymi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Promethi" title="Promethi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Promethi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Samari" title="Samari (lanthanide)"><img alt="Samari (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Europi" title="Europi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Europi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini (lanthanide)"><img alt="Gadolini (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Terbi" title="Terbi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Terbi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosi" title="Dysprosi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Dysprosi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holmi" title="Holmi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Holmi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Erbi" title="Erbi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Erbi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Thulium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span 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title="Hafni (transition metal)"><img alt="Hafni (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal (transition metal)"><img alt="Tantal (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram (transition metal)"><img 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iridi" title="Iridi (transition metal)"><img alt="Iridi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin (transition metal)"><img alt="Platin (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A0ng" title="Vàng (transition metal)"><img alt="Vàng (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BB%B7_ng%C3%A2n" title="Thuỷ ngân (transition metal)"><img alt="Thuỷ ngân (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thali" title="Thali (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Thali (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AC" title="Chì (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Chì (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Bismuth (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni (metalloid)"><img alt="Poloni (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Astatin (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon (noble gas)"><img alt="Radon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Franci" title="Franci (alkali metal)"><img alt="Franci (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Radi" title="Radi (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Radi (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Actini" title="Actini (actinide)"><img alt="Actini (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thori" title="Thori (actinide)"><img alt="Thori (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Protactini" title="Protactini (actinide)"><img alt="Protactini (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Urani" title="Urani (actinide)"><img alt="Urani (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Neptuni" title="Neptuni (actinide)"><img alt="Neptuni (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plutoni" title="Plutoni (actinide)"><img alt="Plutoni (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Americi" title="Americi (actinide)"><img alt="Americi (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium (actinide)"><img alt="Curium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkeli" title="Berkeli (actinide)"><img alt="Berkeli (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Californi" title="Californi (actinide)"><img alt="Californi (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Einsteini" title="Einsteini (actinide)"><img alt="Einsteini (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fermi" title="Fermi (actinide)"><img alt="Fermi (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevi" title="Mendelevi (actinide)"><img alt="Mendelevi (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nobeli" title="Nobeli (actinide)"><img alt="Nobeli (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lawrenci" title="Lawrenci (actinide)"><img alt="Lawrenci (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordi" title="Rutherfordi (transition metal)"><img alt="Rutherfordi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dubni" title="Dubni (transition metal)"><img alt="Dubni (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgi" title="Seaborgi (transition metal)"><img alt="Seaborgi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bohri" title="Bohri (transition metal)"><img alt="Bohri (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hassi" title="Hassi (transition metal)"><img alt="Hassi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Meitneri" title="Meitneri (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Meitneri (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadti" title="Darmstadti (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Darmstadti (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Roentgeni" title="Roentgeni (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Roentgeni (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Copernici" title="Copernici (transition metal)"><img alt="Copernici (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nihoni" title="Nihoni (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Nihoni (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flerovi" title="Flerovi (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Flerovi (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moscovi" title="Moscovi (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Moscovi (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Livermori" title="Livermori (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Livermori (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b>Pr</b></span><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/Protactini" title="Protactini">Pa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Ceri" title="Ceri">Ceri</a> ← <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Praseodymi</a></b></span> → <a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi">Neodymi</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Số nguyên tử">Số nguyên tử</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>Z</i>)</span></span></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">59</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyên tử lượng">Khối lượng nguyên tử chuẩn</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68144546">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> (<i>A</i><sub>r</sub>)</span></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">140,90765 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Phân loại</th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><span title="color legend: họ lanthan" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#ffbfff"> </span> <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_lanthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Họ lanthan">họ lanthan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_(b%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n)" title="Nhóm (bảng tuần hoàn)">Nhóm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_l%E1%BB%9Bp_(v%E1%BB%8F_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD)" title="Phân lớp (vỏ nguyên tử)">phân lớp</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_n/a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nhóm nguyên tố n/a (trang không tồn tại)">n/a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_l%E1%BB%9Bp_(v%E1%BB%8F_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD)_f" class="mw-redirect" title="Phân lớp (vỏ nguyên tử) f">f</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_(b%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n)" title="Chu kỳ (bảng tuần hoàn)">Chu kỳ</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 6">Chu kỳ 6</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5u_h%C3%ACnh_electron" title="Cấu hình electron">Cấu hình electron</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">[<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4f<sup>3</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:1em; font-weight:normal;">mỗi lớp</div></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background:#ffbfff">Tính chất vật lý</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A0u_s%E1%BA%AFc" title="Màu sắc">Màu sắc</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">Xám trắng</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Trạng thái vật chất">Trạng thái vật chất</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_r%E1%BA%AFn" title="Chất rắn">Chất rắn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_n%C3%B3ng_ch%E1%BA%A3y" title="Nhiệt độ nóng chảy">Nhiệt độ nóng chảy</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">1208 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (935 °C, 1715 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_bay_h%C6%A1i" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhiệt độ bay hơi">Nhiệt độ sôi</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">3793 K (3520 °C, 6368 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%91i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_ri%C3%AAng" title="Khối lượng riêng">Mật độ</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">6,77 <a href="/wiki/Gam_tr%C3%AAn_centimet_kh%E1%BB%91i" title="Gam trên centimet khối">g<b>·</b>cm<sup><small>−3</small></sup></a> <span class="nowrap">(ở 0 °C, 101.325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(%C4%91%C6%A1n_v%E1%BB%8B)" title="Pascal (đơn vị)">kPa</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mật độ ở thể lỏng</th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">ở nhiệt độ nóng chảy: 6,50 g<b>·</b>cm<sup><small>−3</small></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_n%C3%B3ng_ch%E1%BA%A3y" title="Nhiệt nóng chảy">Nhiệt lượng nóng chảy</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">6,89 <a href="/wiki/Joule_tr%C3%AAn_mol" title="Joule trên mol">kJ<b>·</b>mol<sup><small>−1</small></sup></a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_bay_h%C6%A1i" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhiệt bay hơi">Nhiệt bay hơi</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">331 kJ<b>·</b>mol<sup><small>−1</small></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_dung" title="Nhiệt dung">Nhiệt dung</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">27,20 J<b>·</b>mol<sup><small>−1</small></sup><b>·</b>K<sup><small>−1</small></sup> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81p_su%E1%BA%A5t_h%C6%A1i" title="Áp suất hơi"><b>Áp suất hơi</b></a> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>P (Pa) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1 k </td> <td>10 k </td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr> <td>ở T (K) </td> <td>1771 </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>(2227) </td> <td>(2571) </td> <td>(3054) </td> <td>(3779) </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background:#ffbfff">Tính chất nguyên tử</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_oxy_h%C3%B3a" title="Trạng thái oxy hóa">Trạng thái oxy hóa</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="nowrap">5, 4, <b>3</b>, 2</span> <a href="/wiki/Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Base">base</a> nhẹ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_%C3%A2m_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Độ âm điện">Độ âm điện</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">1,13 (Thang Pauling) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_ion_h%C3%B3a" title="Năng lượng ion hóa">Năng lượng ion hóa</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">Thứ nhất: 527 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><br />Thứ hai: 1020 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><br />Thứ ba: 2086 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1n_k%C3%ADnh_c%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A1_tr%E1%BB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Bán kính cộng hoá trị">Bán kính cộng hoá trị</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">thực nghiệm: 182 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4m%C3%A9t" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômét">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1n_k%C3%ADnh_li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_c%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B3a_tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Bán kính liên kết cộng hóa trị">Bán kính liên kết cộng hóa trị</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">203 ± 7 pm </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background:#ffbfff">Thông tin khác</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5u_tr%C3%BAc_tinh_th%E1%BB%83" title="Cấu trúc tinh thể">Cấu trúc tinh thể</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"> <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_tinh_th%E1%BB%83_l%E1%BB%A5c_ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Hệ tinh thể lục phương">Lục phương</a><div style="float:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Hexagonal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cấu trúc tinh thể Lục phương của Praseodymi"><img alt="Cấu trúc tinh thể Lục phương của Praseodymi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/50px-Hexagonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/75px-Hexagonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/100px-Hexagonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADn_t%E1%BB%91c_%C3%A2m_thanh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vận tốc âm thanh">Vận tốc âm thanh</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">que mỏng: 2280 m<b>·</b>s<sup><small>−1</small></sup> (ở 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_gi%C3%A3n_n%E1%BB%9F_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Độ giãn nở nhiệt">Độ giãn nở nhiệt</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">(<a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_v%C3%A0_%C3%A1p_su%E1%BA%A5t_ti%C3%AAu_chu%E1%BA%A9n" title="Nhiệt độ và áp suất tiêu chuẩn">r.t.</a>) (α, poly) 6.7 µm<b>·</b>m<sup><small>−1</small></sup><b>·</b>K<sup><small>−1</small></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_d%E1%BA%ABn_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Độ dẫn nhiệt">Độ dẫn nhiệt</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">12,5 W<b>·</b>m<sup><small>−1</small></sup><b>·</b>K<sup><small>−1</small></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%E1%BB%9F_su%E1%BA%A5t" class="mw-redirect" title="Điện trở suất">Điện trở suất</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">(<a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_v%C3%A0_%C3%A1p_su%E1%BA%A5t_ti%C3%AAu_chu%E1%BA%A9n" title="Nhiệt độ và áp suất tiêu chuẩn">r.t.</a>) (α, poly)<br />0,700 µ Ω<b>·</b>m </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Từ học">Tính chất từ</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_t%E1%BB%AB" title="Thuận từ">Thuận từ</a> <sup id="cite_ref-jackson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jackson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4_%C4%91un_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Mô đun Young">Mô đun Young</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">(Dạng α) 37,3 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4_%C4%91un_c%E1%BA%AFt" title="Mô đun cắt">Mô đun cắt</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">(Dạng α) 14,8 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4_%C4%91un_kh%E1%BB%91i" title="Mô đun khối">Mô đun khối</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">(Dạng α) 28,8 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_s%E1%BB%91_Poisson" title="Hệ số Poisson">Hệ số Poisson</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">(Dạng α) 0,281 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_c%E1%BB%A9ng_Vickers" title="Độ cứng Vickers">Độ cứng theo thang Vickers</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">400 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_c%E1%BB%A9ng_Brinell" title="Độ cứng Brinell">Độ cứng theo thang Brinell</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">481 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_%C4%91%C4%83ng_k%C3%BD_CAS" title="Số đăng ký CAS">Số đăng ký CAS</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;">7440-10-0 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background:#ffbfff">Đồng vị ổn định nhất</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.35em;">Bài chính: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_c%E1%BB%A7a_Praseodymi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đồng vị của Praseodymi (trang không tồn tại)">Đồng vị của Praseodymi</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B" title="Đồng vị">Iso</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%B1_phong_ph%C3%BA_t%E1%BB%B1_nhi%C3%AAn_c%E1%BB%A7a_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sự phong phú tự nhiên của đồng vị (trang không tồn tại)">NA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_b%C3%A1n_r%C3%A3" title="Chu kỳ bán rã">Chu kỳ bán rã</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B3ng_x%E1%BA%A1" title="Phóng xạ">DM</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3" title="Năng lượng phân rã">DE</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">MeV</a>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%A3n_ph%E1%BA%A9m_ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3" title="Sản phẩm phân rã">DP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>141</sup>Pr </td> <td>100% </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>141</sup>Pr ổn định với 82 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><sup>142</sup>Pr </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_ph%C3%B3ng_x%E1%BA%A1_t%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Đồng vị phóng xạ tổng hợp">Tổng hợp</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">19,12 <a href="/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9D" title="Giờ">giờ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3_beta" title="Phân rã beta">β<sup>-</sup></a> </td> <td>2.162 </td> <td><sup>142</sup><a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi">Nd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFt_gi%E1%BB%AF_electron" title="Bắt giữ electron">ε</a> </td> <td>0.745 </td> <td><sup>142</sup><a href="/wiki/Ceri" title="Ceri">Ce</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>143</sup>Pr </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_ph%C3%B3ng_x%E1%BA%A1_t%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Đồng vị phóng xạ tổng hợp">Tổng hợp</a> </td> <td>13,57 <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A0y" title="Ngày">ngày</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3_beta" title="Phân rã beta">β<sup>-</sup></a> </td> <td>0.934 </td> <td><sup>143</sup><a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi">Nd</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Praseodymi</b> (tên Latinh: <b>Praseodymium</b>) là một <a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nguyên tố hóa học">nguyên tố hóa học</a> có ký hiệu <b>Pr</b> và <a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Số nguyên tử">số nguyên tử</a> là 59. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Đặc_trưng"><span id=".C4.90.E1.BA.B7c_tr.C6.B0ng"></span>Đặc trưng</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Đặc trưng”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Đặc trưng"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Praseodymi là một <a href="/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i" title="Kim loại">kim loại</a> mềm màu trắng bạc thuộc về <a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_Lanthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhóm Lanthan">nhóm Lanthan</a>. Nó có khả năng chống <a href="/wiki/%C4%82n_m%C3%B2n" title="Ăn mòn">ăn mòn</a> trong không khí tốt hơn một chút so với <a href="/wiki/Europi" title="Europi">europi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan">lanthan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeri">xeri</a> hay <a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi">neodymi</a>, nhưng nó phát triển một lớp che phủ bằng <a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">oxide</a> màu xanh lục dễ bở vụn ra khi bị lộ ra ngoài không khí, làm cho nó tiếp tục bị <a href="/wiki/Oxy_h%C3%B3a" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxy hóa">oxy hóa</a>. Vì lý do này, praseodymi nên được lưu trữ trong <a href="/wiki/D%E1%BA%A7u_kho%C3%A1ng" title="Dầu khoáng">dầu khoáng</a> nhẹ hay trong lọ đậy kín. Trong các dạng hợp chất của nó, praseodymi thường có trạng thái oxy hóa +2, +3 và/hoặc +4. Praseodymi(IV) là một chất oxy hóa mạnh, nhanh chóng oxy hóa <a href="/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Nước">nước</a> thành <a href="/wiki/Oxy" title="Oxy">oxy</a> nguyên tố dạng phân tử hay <a href="/wiki/Acid_clohydric" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid clohydric">acid clohydric</a> thành <a href="/wiki/Clo" class="mw-redirect" title="Clo">clo</a> nguyên tố. Vì thế, trong dung dịch lỏng, chỉ có trạng thái oxy hóa +3 là hay bắt gặp. Các muối praseodymi(III) có màu vàng lục, và trong dung dịch, tồn tại trong phổ hấp thụ tương đối đơn giản trong khoảng nhìn thấy, với một dải nằm trong khoảng vàng-da cam ở bước sóng 589–590 nm (trùng với bức xạ kép của natri) và ba dải nằm trong khu vực lam/tím, ở bước sóng xấp xỉ 444, 468 và 482 nm. Các vị trí này biến động nhẹ với phản-ion. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(III)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(III) oxide (trang không tồn tại)">Praseodymi(III) oxide</a>, thu được bởi đốt cháy các muối như oxalat hay cacbonat trong không khí, có màu đen (với dấu vết màu nâu hay lục) và chứa praseodymi +3 cùng +4 theo một tỷ lệ hơi biến thiên, phụ thuộc vào điều kiện hình thành. Công thức của nó thường được coi gần đúng là Pr<sub>6</sub>O<sub>11</sub>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ứng_dụng"><span id=".E1.BB.A8ng_d.E1.BB.A5ng"></span>Ứng dụng</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Ứng dụng”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Ứng dụng"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Các công dụng của praseodymi: </p> <ul><li>Như là tác nhân tạo <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%A3p_kim" title="Hợp kim">hợp kim</a> với <a href="/wiki/Magie" class="mw-redirect" title="Magie">magie</a> để tạo ra các hợp kim có sức bền cao dùng trong <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_m%C3%A1y_bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Động cơ máy bay (trang không tồn tại)">động cơ máy bay</a>.</li> <li>Praseodymi tạo thành phần lõi của các <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A8n_h%E1%BB%93_quang" title="Đèn hồ quang">đèn hồ quang</a> dùng trong <a href="/wiki/X%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_phim" class="mw-redirect" title="Xưởng phim">chiếu bóng</a> và các loại <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%C3%A8n_chi%E1%BA%BFu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đèn chiếu (trang không tồn tại)">đèn chiếu</a>.</li> <li>Các hợp chất của praseodymi tạo cho <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_tinh" title="Thủy tinh">thủy tinh</a> và <a href="/wiki/Men_th%E1%BB%A7y_tinh" title="Men thủy tinh">men thủy tinh</a> màu vàng.</li> <li>Praseodymi được dùng để tạo cho <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zirconia_l%E1%BA%ADp_ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zirconia lập phương (trang không tồn tại)">zirconia lập phương</a> màu vàng-lục để giả lập <a href="/wiki/Peridot" title="Peridot">peridot</a>.</li> <li>Praseodymi là thành phần của thủy tinh <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90idymi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đidymi (trang không tồn tại)">đidymi</a>, được sử dụng để làm một số loại kính an toàn nhất định dùng trong nghề <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0n_(c%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87)" title="Hàn (công nghệ)">hàn</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%95i_th%E1%BB%A7y_tinh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thổi thủy tinh (trang không tồn tại)">thổi thủy tinh</a>.</li> <li>Praseodymi trộn với các tinh thể silicat được dùng để <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A0m_ch%E1%BA%ADm_%C3%A1nh_s%C3%A1ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Làm chậm ánh sáng (trang không tồn tại)">làm chậm xung ánh sáng</a> xuống vài trăm mét trên giây.</li> <li>Praseodymi tạo hợp kim với <a href="/wiki/Niken" class="mw-redirect" title="Niken">niken</a> (PrNi<sub>5</sub>) có <a href="/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87u_%E1%BB%A9ng_t%E1%BB%AB_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Hiệu ứng từ nhiệt">hiệu ứng từ nhiệt</a> đủ mạnh cho phép các nhà khoa học tiếp cận trong phạm vi một phần nghìn của <a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_kh%C3%B4ng_tuy%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i" title="Nhiệt độ không tuyệt đối">nhiệt độ 0 tuyệt đối</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Kích thích tạp praseodymi trong thủy tinh fluoride cho phép nó được sử dụng như là sợi <a href="/wiki/Khu%E1%BA%BFch_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_quang_h%E1%BB%8Dc" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuếch đại quang học">khuếch đại quang học</a> chế độ đơn (PDFA, xem thêm EDFA).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(III)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(III) oxide (trang không tồn tại)">Praseodymi(III) oxide</a> trong <a href="/wiki/Dung_d%E1%BB%8Bch_r%E1%BA%AFn" title="Dung dịch rắn">dung dịch rắn</a> với <a href="/wiki/Ceri(IV)_oxide" title="Ceri(IV) oxide">ceria</a> hay với ceria-<a href="/wiki/Zirconi(IV)_oxide" title="Zirconi(IV) oxide">zirconia</a> được sử dụng như là chất xúc tác oxy hóa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lịch_sử"><span id="L.E1.BB.8Bch_s.E1.BB.AD"></span>Lịch sử</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Lịch sử”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=edit&section=3" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Lịch sử"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tên gọi <i>praseodymi</i> có nguồn gốc từ <a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Hy_L%E1%BA%A1p" title="Tiếng Hy Lạp">tiếng Hy Lạp</a> <i>prasios</i> nghĩa là xanh lục và <i>didymos</i> nghĩa là đôi, kép. </p><p>Năm <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Mosander" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander">Mosander</a> đã tách ra loại đất hiếm <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90idymi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đidymi (trang không tồn tại)">đidymi</a> từ <a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan">lanthan</a>. Năm <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>, <a href="/wiki/Per_Teodor_Cleve" title="Per Teodor Cleve">Per Teodor Cleve</a> kết luận rằng đidymi trên thực tế là hai nguyên tố và năm <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lecoq_de_Boisbaudran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lecoq de Boisbaudran (trang không tồn tại)">Lecoq de Boisbaudran</a> đã cô lập được một nguyên tố đất hiếm mới là <a href="/wiki/Samari" title="Samari">samari</a> từ đidymi thu được từ khoáng vật <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samarskit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samarskit (trang không tồn tại)">samarskit</a>. Năm <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>, nhà hóa học người <a href="/wiki/%C3%81o" title="Áo">Áo</a> là nam tước <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Auer von Welsbach (trang không tồn tại)">Carl Auer von Welsbach</a> đã tách didymi thành hai nguyên tố, là praseodymi và <a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi">neodymi</a>, với các muối của chúng có màu sắc khác biệt. </p><p>Leo Moser (con trai của Ludwig Moser, người sáng lập ra Moser Glassworks ở khu vực ngày nay là Karlovy Vary, Bohemia, <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_S%C3%A9c" class="mw-redirect" title="Cộng hòa Séc">Cộng hòa Séc</a>, không nhầm với <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Moser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Moser (trang không tồn tại)">Leo Moser</a>, một nhà toán học) đã nghiên cứu việc sử dụng praseodymi trong tạo màu thủy tinh vào cuối thập niên 1920. Kết quả là loại thủy tinh màu vàng-lục có tên gọi "Prasemit". Tuy nhiên, màu tương tự có thể thu được với các chất tạo màu có giá thành chỉ bằng một phần nhỏ giá thành của praseodymi vào cuối thập niên đó, do vậy kính màu với chất tạo màu là praseodymi đã không phổ biến, chỉ một vài miếng đã được tạo ra và các mẫu kính này hiện nay là rất hiếm. Moser cũng pha trộn praseodymi với neodymi để sản xuất thủy tinh "Heliolit", được chấp nhận rộng rãi hơn. Sử dụng thương mại kéo dài đầu tiên của praseodymi, còn tiếp tục cho tới nay, là trong dạng thuốc màu vàng-da cam cho gốm sứ, tức "vàng praseodymi", là dung dịch rắn của praseodymi trong lưới tinh thể zircon. Thuốc màu này không có vết màu xanh lục trong nó. Ngược lại, khi có một lượng đủ cao thì thủy tinh praseodymi lại có màu xanh lục đặc trưng chứ không phải màu vàng thuần khiết. </p><p>Sử dụng các phương pháp chia tách kinh điển, praseodymi luôn luôn là rất khó để làm tinh khiết. Ít phổ biến hơn so với lanthan và neodymi mà từ đó nó được tách ra (xeri đã được loại bỏ bằng phản ứng oxy hóa khử), praseodymi cuối cùng bị phân tán trong một lượng lớn các phần nhỏ, và hiệu suất thu được của vật liệu tinh chế là rất thấp. R. J. Callow<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> đưa ra một hệ thống tinh chế sử dụng kết tinh nitrat amoni kép, bằng cách đó các nguyên tố đất hiếm trong <a href="/wiki/Monazit" title="Monazit">monazit</a> (trong các điều kiện trạng thái dừng, sử dụng việc tái chế thích hợp các phần nhỏ hỗn tạp) cung cấp 10% hàm lượng đất hiếm như là phần chứa 40% praseodymi. Vào cuối thập niên 1950, Lindsay Chemical Division<sup id="cite_ref-Lindsay_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindsay-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> của American Potash and Chemical Corporation, vào thời gian đó là nhà sản xuất lớn nhất các kim loại đất hiếm trên thế giới, đưa ra các muối praseodymi, được làm tinh khiết theo cách này, ở các cấp 30% và 45%. Rẻ nhất trong số này là các <a href="/wiki/Nitrat_amoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrat amoni">nitrat amoni</a> kép, trực tiếp từ hệ thống tinh lọc: 30%: $6,30/lb. ($3,85/lb. cho các lượng 50-lb.) hoặc 45%: $8,20/lb. ($4,95/lb. cho các lượng 50-lb.)<sup id="cite_ref-Lindsay_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindsay-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Mức giá cho 1 pao các oxide tương ứng là 22,50 và 29,90 cho 2 cấp tinh khiết. Dây chuyền sản xuất này nhanh chóng bị biến mất từ các bảng giá và được thay thế bằng praseodymi được tinh chế theo phương pháp trao đổi ion. Vào năm 1959, praseodymi(III) oxide 99% có giá ở mức $40/lb. và phẩm cấp 99,9% có giá $50 mỗi pao, hay tương ứng là 20 hay 25 US cents mỗi gam, khi mua lượng nhỏ. </p><p>Theo dòng lịch sử, praseodymi từng là nguyên tố đất hiếm mà việc cung cấp nó đã từng vượt quá nhu cầu. Điều này đôi khi dẫn tới giá cả mua bán nó rẻ hơn cả của <a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi">neodymi</a>, nguyên tố phổ biến hơn. Không mong muốn điều đó, phần nhiều praseodymi đã được tiếp thị như là hỗn hợp với <a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan">lanthan</a> và <a href="/wiki/Xeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeri">xeri</a>, hay "LCP" (viết tắt từ ba chữ cái đầu tiên trong <a href="/wiki/Latinh" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinh">tiếng Latinh</a> để chỉ mỗi nguyên tố), để sử dụng thay thế cho các hỗn hợp các nguyên tố nhóm lanthan truyền thống được tạo ra không quá đắt từ các <a href="/wiki/Kho%C3%A1ng_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Khoáng vật">khoáng vật</a> monazit hay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastnaesit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastnaesit (trang không tồn tại)">bastnaesit</a>. LCP là những gì còn lại của những hỗn hợp như thế, sau khi neodymi mong muốn và tất cả các nguyên tố khác trong nhóm lanthan nhưng nặng hơn, hiếm hơn và có giá trị hơn đã được chiết tách ra bằng chiết dung môi. Tuy nhiên, khi công nghệ tiến triển, praseodymi đã tìm được khả năng kết hợp trong các nam châm neodymi-<a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%AFt" title="Sắt">sắt</a>-<a href="/wiki/Bo" class="mw-disambig" title="Bo">bo</a>, do đó mở rộng việc cung cấp của neodymi có nhu cầu nhiều hơn. Vì thế, như là kết quả của điều này, LC bắt đầu thay thế dần cho LCP. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phổ_biến"><span id="Ph.E1.BB.95_bi.E1.BA.BFn"></span>Phổ biến</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sửa đổi phần “Phổ biến”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=edit&section=4" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Phổ biến"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Praseodymi có sẵn ở lượng nhỏ trong lớp vỏ Trái Đất (9,5 <a href="/wiki/Ppm_(m%E1%BA%ADt_%C4%91%E1%BB%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ppm (mật độ)">ppm</a>). Nó được tìm thấy trong các khoáng vật đất hiếm như <a href="/wiki/Monazit" title="Monazit">monazit</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastnasit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastnasit (trang không tồn tại)">bastnasit</a>, thông thường chiếm khoảng 5% các nguyên tố nhóm lanthan chứa trong đó, và có thể được phục hồi từ bastnasit hay monazit bằng công nghệ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trao_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_ion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trao đổi ion (trang không tồn tại)">trao đổi ion</a> hay bằng chiết dung môi ngược dòng. </p><p>Praseodymi cũng chiếm khoảng 5% của <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misch_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misch metal (trang không tồn tại)">misch metal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hợp_chất"><span id="H.E1.BB.A3p_ch.E1.BA.A5t"></span>Hợp chất</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sửa đổi phần “Hợp chất”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=edit&section=5" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Hợp chất"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Các hợp chất của praseodymi bao gồm: </p> <ul><li>Các <a href="/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride">fluoride</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(II)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(II) fluoride (trang không tồn tại)">PrF<sub>2</sub></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(III)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(III) fluoride (trang không tồn tại)">PrF<sub>3</sub></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(IV)_fluoride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(IV) fluoride (trang không tồn tại)">PrF<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li>Các <a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">chloride</a>: <a href="/wiki/Praseodymi(III)_chloride" title="Praseodymi(III) chloride">PrCl<sub>3</sub></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(IV)_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(IV) chloride (trang không tồn tại)">PrCl<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li>Các <a href="/wiki/Bromide" title="Bromide">bromide</a>: <a href="/wiki/Praseodymi(III)_bromide" title="Praseodymi(III) bromide">PrBr<sub>3</sub></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(II,III)_bromide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(II,III) bromide (trang không tồn tại)">Pr<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li>Các <a href="/wiki/Iodide" title="Iodide">iodide</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(II)_iodide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(II) iodide (trang không tồn tại)">PrI<sub>2</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Praseodymi(III)_iodide" title="Praseodymi(III) iodide">PrI<sub>3</sub></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(II,III)_iodide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(II,III) iodide (trang không tồn tại)">Pr<sub>2</sub>I<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li>Các <a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">oxide</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(IV)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(IV) oxide (trang không tồn tại)">PrO<sub>2</sub></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(III)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(III) oxide (trang không tồn tại)">Pr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(III,_IV)_oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(III, IV) oxide (trang không tồn tại)">Pr<sub>6</sub>O<sub>11</sub></a></li> <li>Các <a href="/wiki/Sulfide" title="Sulfide">sulfide</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(II)_sulfide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(II) sulfide (trang không tồn tại)">PrS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(III)_sulfide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(III) sulfide (trang không tồn tại)">Pr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li>Các <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selenide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selenide (trang không tồn tại)">selenide</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(II)_selenide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(II) selenide (trang không tồn tại)">PrSe</a></li> <li>Các <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telurua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telurua (trang không tồn tại)">telurua</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(II)_telua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(II) telua (trang không tồn tại)">PrTe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(III)_telua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(III) telua (trang không tồn tại)">Pr<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li>Các <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitride (trang không tồn tại)">nitride</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi(III)_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymi(III) nitride (trang không tồn tại)">PrN</a></li></ul> <p><i>Xem thêm <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:H%E1%BB%A3p_ch%E1%BA%A5t_praseodymi" title="Bản mẫu:Hợp chất praseodymi">hợp chất praseodymi</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Đồng_vị"><span id=".C4.90.E1.BB.93ng_v.E1.BB.8B"></span>Đồng vị</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sửa đổi phần “Đồng vị”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=edit&section=6" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Đồng vị"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Bài chi tiết: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_c%E1%BB%A7a_praseodymi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đồng vị của praseodymi (trang không tồn tại)">Đồng vị của praseodymi</a></div> <p>Praseodymi phổ biến trong tự nhiên là một <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B" title="Đồng vị">đồng vị</a> (Pr<sup>141</sup>) ổn định. Tuy vậy, 38 <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_ph%C3%B3ng_x%E1%BA%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Đồng vị phóng xạ">đồng vị phóng xạ</a> cũng đã được nêu đặc trưng với các đồng vị ổn định nhất là Pr<sup>143</sup> có <a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_b%C3%A1n_r%C3%A3" title="Chu kỳ bán rã">chu kỳ bán rã</a> 13,57 ngày và Pr<sup>142</sup> có chu kỳ bán rã 19,12 giờ. Tất cả các đồng vị phóng xạ còn lại có chu kỳ bán rã nhỏ hơn 5,985 giờ và phần lớn trong số này có chu kỳ bán rã nhỏ hơn 33 giây. Nguyên tố này cũng có 6 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_gi%E1%BA%A3_%E1%BB%95n_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trạng thái giả ổn định (trang không tồn tại)">trạng thái giả ổn định</a> với ổn định nhất là Pr<sup>138m</sup> (t<sub>½</sub> 2,12 giờ), Pr<sup>142m</sup> (t<sub>½</sub> 14,6 phút) và Pr<sup>134m</sup> (t<sub>½</sub> 11 phút). </p><p>Các đồng vị của praseodymi có <a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyên tử lượng">nguyên tử lượng</a> nằm trong khoảng từ 120,955 <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C6%A1n_v%E1%BB%8B_kh%E1%BB%91i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Đơn vị khối lượng nguyên tử">u</a> (Pr<sup>121</sup>) tới 158,955 u (Pr<sup>159</sup>). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_th%E1%BB%A9c_ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phương thức phân rã (trang không tồn tại)">Phương thức phân rã</a> chủ yếu trước đồng vị ổn định Pr<sup>141</sup> là <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%AFt_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bắt điện tử (trang không tồn tại)">bắt điện tử</a> còn phương thúc phân rã chủ yếu sau Pr<sup>141</sup> là <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3_beta" title="Phân rã beta">phân rã β<sup>−</sup></a>. <a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%A3n_ph%E1%BA%A9m_ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3" title="Sản phẩm phân rã">Sản phẩm phân rã</a> chủ yếu trước Pr<sup>141</sup> là các đồng vị của nguyên tố 58 (<a href="/wiki/Xeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeri">xeri</a>) còn sản phẩm phân rã chủ yếu sau Pr<sup>141</sup> là các đồng vị của nguyên tố 60 (<a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi">neodymi</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phòng_ngừa"><span id="Ph.C3.B2ng_ng.E1.BB.ABa"></span>Phòng ngừa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sửa đổi phần “Phòng ngừa”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=edit&section=7" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Phòng ngừa"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Giống như mọi nguyên tố đất hiếm khác, praseodymi có độc tính từ nhẹ tới vừa phải. Praseodymi chưa được biết đến là có vai trò sinh học nào hay không. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=edit&section=8" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jackson-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jackson_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">M. Jackson "Magnetism of Rare Earth" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irm.umn.edu/quarterly/irmq10-3.pdf">The IRM quarterly col. 10, No. 3, p. 1, 2000</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Về mặt lý thuyết có khả năng <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_h%E1%BA%A1ch_t%E1%BB%B1_ph%C3%A1t" title="Phân hạch tự phát">phân hạch tự phát</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67233549">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFEmsley2001" class="citation book cs1">Emsley, John (2001). <i>Nature's building blocks</i>. Nhà in Đại học Oxford. tr. trang 342. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/0198503415" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-850341-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+building+blocks&rft.pages=trang+342&rft.pub=Nh%C3%A0+in+%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i+h%E1%BB%8Dc+Oxford&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3APraseodymi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">R.J. Callow, "The Industrial Chemistry of the Lanthanons, Yttrium, Thorium and Uranium", Nhà in Pergamon, 1967</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lindsay-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lindsay_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lindsay_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Price Lists của Lindsay Chemical Division, American Potash & Chemical Corporation, West Chicago, Illinois, ngày 1-10-1958 hay 20-1-1959</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liên_kết_ngoài"><span id="Li.C3.AAn_k.E1.BA.BFt_ngo.C3.A0i"></span>Liên kết ngoài</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sửa đổi phần “Liên kết ngoài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymi&action=edit&section=9" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Liên kết ngoài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71936381">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70981351">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons có thêm hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Praseodymi?uselang=vi">Praseodymi</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r71936381"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70981351"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/60px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/80px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Tra <i><b><a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vi:praseodymium" class="extiw" title="wikt:vi:praseodymium">praseodymium</a></b></i> hoặc <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vi:praseodymi" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:vi:praseodymi">praseodymi</a></b></i> trong từ điển mở tiếng Việt <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/59.html">Phòng thí nghiệm Quốc gia Hoa Kỳ Los Alamos – Praseodymi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040220185615/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/59.html">Lưu trữ</a> 2004-02-20 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Pr/index.html">WebElements.com – Praseodymium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele059.html">It's Elemental – The Element Praseodymium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-uncollapsed" style="background:#f8f8f8; font-size:90%; border:1px solid #a9a9a9; width:100%; max-width:1800px; margin:0 auto; padding:2px; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="background:#d8d8d8; padding:2px 1em;font-weight:bold;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="float:left; text-align:left"><ul><li class="nv-xem"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bản mẫu:Bảng tuần hoàn"><abbr title="Xem bản mẫu này">x</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-thảo luận"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Thảo luận Bản mẫu:Bảng tuần hoàn"><abbr title="Thảo luận bản mẫu này">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sửa"><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n&action=edit"><abbr title="Sửa bản mẫu này">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bảng tuần hoàn</div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <table style="width: 100%; background: white;"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhóm tuần hoàn"><b>Nhóm</b> →</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 1"><b>1A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 2"><b>2A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_3" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 3"><b>3B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_4" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 4"><b>4B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_5" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 5"><b>5B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_6" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 6"><b>6B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_7" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 7"><b>7B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_8" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 8"><b>8B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_9" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 9"><b>8B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_10" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 10"><b>8B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_11" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 11"><b>1B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_12" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 12"><b>2B</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 13"><b>3A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_14" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 14"><b>4A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_15" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 15"><b>5A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_16" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 16"><b>6A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_17" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 17"><b>7A</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%AD_hi%E1%BA%BFm" title="Khí hiếm"><b>8A</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ tuần hoàn">↓ <b>Chu kỳ</b></a> </td> <td colspan="19"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 1"><b>1</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:red;border:1px solid black;">1<br /><a href="/wiki/Hydro" title="Hydro">H</a> </td> <td colspan="16"><br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">2<br /><a href="/wiki/Heli" title="Heli">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 2"><b>2</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;">3<br /><a href="/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi">Li</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;">4<br /><a href="/wiki/Berili" class="mw-redirect" title="Berili">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="10"><br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">5<br /><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor">B</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">6<br /><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:red;border:1px solid black;">7<br /><a href="/wiki/Nit%C6%A1" title="Nitơ">N</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:red;border:1px solid black;">8<br /><a href="/wiki/Oxy" title="Oxy">O</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:red;border:1px solid black;">9<br /><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">10<br /><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 3"><b>3</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;">11<br /><a href="/wiki/Natri" title="Natri">Na</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;">12<br /><a href="/wiki/Magnesi" title="Magnesi">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="10"><br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">13<br /><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B4m" title="Nhôm">Al</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">14<br /><a href="/wiki/Silic" title="Silic">Si</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">15<br /><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">16<br /><a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0u_hu%E1%BB%B3nh" title="Lưu huỳnh">S</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:red;border:1px solid black;">17<br /><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">18<br /><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 4"><b>4</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;">19<br /><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">K</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;">20<br /><a href="/wiki/Calci" title="Calci">Ca</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">21<br /><a href="/wiki/Scandi" title="Scandi">Sc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">22<br /><a href="/wiki/Titani" title="Titani">Ti</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">23<br /><a href="/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi">V</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">24<br /><a href="/wiki/Chromi" title="Chromi">Cr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">25<br /><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">26<br /><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%AFt" title="Sắt">Fe</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">27<br /><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">28<br /><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">29<br /><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng" title="Đồng">Cu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">30<br /><a href="/wiki/K%E1%BA%BDm" title="Kẽm">Zn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">31<br /><a href="/wiki/Gali" title="Gali">Ga</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">32<br /><a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani">Ge</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">33<br /><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#a0ffa0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">34<br /><a href="/wiki/Seleni" title="Seleni">Se</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:#00aa00;border:1px solid black;">35<br /><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">36<br /><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 5"><b>5</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;">37<br /><a href="/wiki/Rubidi" title="Rubidi">Rb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;">38<br /><a href="/wiki/Stronti" title="Stronti">Sr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">39<br /><a href="/wiki/Yttri" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttri">Y</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">40<br /><a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi">Zr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">41<br /><a href="/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi">Nb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">42<br /><a href="/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">43<br /><a href="/wiki/Techneti" title="Techneti">Tc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">44<br /><a href="/wiki/Rutheni" title="Rutheni">Ru</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">45<br /><a href="/wiki/Rhodi" title="Rhodi">Rh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">46<br /><a href="/wiki/Paladi" title="Paladi">Pd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">47<br /><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c" title="Bạc">Ag</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">48<br /><a href="/wiki/Cadmi" title="Cadmi">Cd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">49<br /><a href="/wiki/Indi" title="Indi">In</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">50<br /><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BA%BFc" title="Thiếc">Sn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">51<br /><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">52<br /><a href="/wiki/Teluri" title="Teluri">Te</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:black;border:1px solid black;">53<br /><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">I</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">54<br /><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 6"><b>6</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px solid black;">55<br /><a href="/wiki/Caesi" title="Caesi">Cs</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px solid black;">56<br /><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Ba</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;">*<br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">72<br /><a href="/wiki/Hafni" title="Hafni">Hf</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">73<br /><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">74<br /><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">75<br /><a href="/wiki/Rheni" title="Rheni">Re</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">76<br /><a href="/wiki/Osmi" title="Osmi">Os</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">77<br /><a href="/wiki/Iridi" title="Iridi">Ir</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">78<br /><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">79<br /><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A0ng" title="Vàng">Au</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:#00aa00;border:1px solid black;">80<br /><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_ng%C3%A2n" title="Thủy ngân">Hg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">81<br /><a href="/wiki/Thali" title="Thali">Tl</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">82<br /><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AC" title="Chì">Pb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">83<br /><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccc99;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">84<br /><a href="/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni">Po</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">85<br /><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px dashed black;">86<br /><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 7"><b>7</b></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff6666;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">87<br /><a href="/wiki/Franci" title="Franci">Fr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffdead;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">88<br /><a href="/wiki/Radi" title="Radi">Ra</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;">**<br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">104<br /><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordi" title="Rutherfordi">Rf</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">105<br /><a href="/wiki/Dubni" title="Dubni">Db</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">106<br /><a href="/wiki/Seaborgi" title="Seaborgi">Sg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">107<br /><a href="/wiki/Bohri" title="Bohri">Bh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">108<br /><a href="/wiki/Hassi" title="Hassi">Hs</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">109<br /><a href="/wiki/Meitneri" title="Meitneri">Mt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">110<br /><a href="/wiki/Darmstadti" title="Darmstadti">Ds</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">111<br /><a href="/wiki/Roentgeni" title="Roentgeni">Rg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:#00aa00;border:1px dotted black;">112<br /><a href="/wiki/Copernici" title="Copernici">Cn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">113<br /><a href="/wiki/Nihoni" title="Nihoni">Nh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">114<br /><a href="/wiki/Flerovi" title="Flerovi">Fl</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">115<br /><a href="/wiki/Moscovi" title="Moscovi">Mc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cccccc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">116<br /><a href="/wiki/Livermori" title="Livermori">Lv</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffff99;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">117<br /><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">118<br /><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="20"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right">* <b><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_Lanthan" title="Họ Lanthan">Họ Lanthan</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px solid black;">57<br /><a href="/wiki/Lantan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">58<br /><a href="/wiki/Xeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeri">Ce</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">59<br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">60<br /><a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi">Nd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">61<br /><a href="/wiki/Promethi" title="Promethi">Pm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">62<br /><a href="/wiki/Samari" title="Samari">Sm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">63<br /><a href="/wiki/Europi" title="Europi">Eu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">64<br /><a href="/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini">Gd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">65<br /><a href="/wiki/Terbi" title="Terbi">Tb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">66<br /><a href="/wiki/Dysprosi" title="Dysprosi">Dy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">67<br /><a href="/wiki/Holmi" title="Holmi">Ho</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">68<br /><a href="/wiki/Erbi" title="Erbi">Er</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">69<br /><a href="/wiki/Thuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Thuli">Tm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">70<br /><a href="/wiki/Yterbi" title="Yterbi">Yb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffbfff;color:black;border:1px solid black;">71<br /><a href="/wiki/Luteti" title="Luteti">Lu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right">** <b><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_Actini" class="mw-redirect" title="Họ Actini">Họ Actini</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc0c0;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">89<br /><a href="/wiki/Actini" title="Actini">Ac</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">90<br /><a href="/wiki/Thori" title="Thori">Th</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">91<br /><a href="/wiki/Protactini" title="Protactini">Pa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">92<br /><a href="/wiki/Urani" title="Urani">U</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dashed black;">93<br /><a href="/wiki/Neptuni" title="Neptuni">Np</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px solid black;">94<br /><a href="/wiki/Plutoni" title="Plutoni">Pu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">95<br /><a href="/wiki/Americi" title="Americi">Am</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">96<br /><a href="/wiki/Curi" class="mw-redirect" title="Curi">Cm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">97<br /><a href="/wiki/Berkeli" title="Berkeli">Bk</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">98<br /><a href="/wiki/Californi" title="Californi">Cf</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">99<br /><a href="/wiki/Einsteini" title="Einsteini">Es</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">100<br /><a href="/wiki/Fermi" title="Fermi">Fm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">101<br /><a href="/wiki/Mendelevi" title="Mendelevi">Md</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">102<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobeli" title="Nobeli">No</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff99cc;color:black;border:1px dotted black;">103<br /><a href="/wiki/Lawrenci" title="Lawrenci">Lr</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:12%; padding:0 0.5em; color:#000000; background:#e0e0e0;">Đen=<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_r%E1%BA%AFn" title="Chất rắn"><span style="color:#000000">Rắn</span></a> </td> <td style="width:12%; padding:0 0.5em; color:#007000; background:#e0e0e0;">Lục=<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_l%E1%BB%8Fng" title="Chất lỏng"><span style="color:#007000">Lỏng</span></a> </td> <td style="width:12%; padding:0 0.5em; color:#cb0000; background:#e0e0e0;">Đỏ=<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_kh%C3%AD" title="Chất khí"><span style="color:#cb0000">Khí</span></a> </td> <td style="width:12%; padding:0 0.5em; color:#606060; background:#e0e0e0;">Xám=Chưa xác định </td> <td style="width:1em; text-align:left; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><b>Màu của số hiệu nguyên tử</b> thể hiện <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Trạng thái vật chất">trạng thái vật chất</a> (ở <a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_v%C3%A0_%C3%A1p_su%E1%BA%A5t_ti%C3%AAu_chu%E1%BA%A9n" title="Nhiệt độ và áp suất tiêu chuẩn">0 °C và 1 atm</a>)</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:12%; border-top:2px solid #6e6e8e; border-bottom:2px solid #6e6e8e; background:#e0e0e0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_nguy%C3%AAn_th%E1%BB%A7y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyên tố nguyên thủy (trang không tồn tại)">Nguyên thủy</a> </td> <td style="width:12%; border-top:2px dashed #6e6e8e; border-bottom:2px dashed #6e6e8e; background:#e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_ph%C3%B3ng_x%E1%BA%A1_v%E1%BA%BFt" class="mw-redirect" title="Đồng vị phóng xạ vết"><span class="nowrap">Từ phân rã</span></a> </td> <td style="width:12%; border-top:2px dotted #6e6e8e; border-bottom:2px dotted #6e6e8e; background:#e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_t%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Nguyên tố tổng hợp">Tổng hợp</a> </td> <td style="width:1em; text-align:left; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><b>Đường viền ô nguyên tố</b> thể hiện sự hiện diện trong tự nhiên của nguyên tố</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table align="center"> <caption>Các nhóm cùng gốc trong bảng tuần hoàn </caption> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_ki%E1%BB%81m" title="Kim loại kiềm">Kim loại kiềm</a></td> <td bgcolor="#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_ki%E1%BB%81m_th%E1%BB%95" title="Kim loại kiềm thổ">Kim loại kiềm thổ</a></td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_Lanthan" title="Họ Lanthan">Họ Lanthan</a></td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_Actini" class="mw-redirect" title="Họ Actini">Họ Actini</a></td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_chuy%E1%BB%83n_ti%E1%BA%BFp" title="Kim loại chuyển tiếp">Kim loại chuyển tiếp</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_y%E1%BA%BFu" title="Kim loại yếu">Kim loại yếu</a></td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81_kim" title="Á kim">Á kim</a></td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Phi_kim" title="Phi kim">Phi kim</a></td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogen</a></td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%AD_hi%E1%BA%BFm" title="Khí hiếm">Khí hiếm</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r71936381"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link 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