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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Genesis 50:2 And Joseph directed the physicians in his service to embalm his father Israel. So they embalmed him,</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/genesis/50-2.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/17/01_Gen_50_02.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Genesis 50:2 - Mourning and Burial for Jacob" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="And Joseph directed the physicians in his service to embalm his father Israel. 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So the physicians embalmed him,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/genesis/50.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />Then Joseph told the physicians who served him to embalm his father’s body; so Jacob was embalmed.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/genesis/50.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father. So the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/genesis/50.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />And Joseph directed the physicians in his service to embalm his father Israel. So they embalmed him,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/genesis/50.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/genesis/50.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father. So the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/genesis/50.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father. So the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/genesis/50.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father. So the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/genesis/50.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father. So the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/genesis/50.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father. So the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/genesis/50.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />Then Joseph ordered his servants the physicians to embalm (mummify) his father. So the physicians embalmed Israel (Jacob).<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/genesis/50.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />He commanded his servants who were physicians to embalm his father. So they embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/genesis/50.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />He commanded his servants who were physicians to embalm his father. So they embalmed Israel. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/genesis/50.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/genesis/50.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />Joseph gave orders for Jacob's body to be embalmed, <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/genesis/50.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/genesis/50.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />Then Joseph ordered the doctors in his service to embalm his father. So the doctors embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/genesis/50.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />Then Joseph gave orders to embalm his father's body. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/genesis/50.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />After this, he issued orders to his physician servants to embalm his father. So they embalmed Israel. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/genesis/50.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />And Joseph directed the physicians in his service to embalm his father Israel. So they embalmed him,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/genesis/50.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />Joseph instructed the physicians in his service to embalm his father, so the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/genesis/50.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father. So the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/genesis/50.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/genesis/50.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to embalm his father; and the physicians embalmed Israel. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/genesis/50.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />and Joseph commands his servants, the physicians, to embalm his father, and the physicians embalm Israel;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/genesis/50.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> and Joseph commandeth his servants, the physicians, to embalm his father, and the physicians embalm Israel;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/genesis/50.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And Joseph will command his servants the physicians, to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/genesis/50.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />And he commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/genesis/50.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />And he instructed his servant physicians to embalm his father with aromatics.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/genesis/50.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />Then Joseph ordered the physicians in his service to embalm his father. When the physicians embalmed Israel,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/genesis/50.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />Joseph commanded the physicians in his service to embalm his father. So the physicians embalmed Israel;<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/genesis/50.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />Then Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father; and the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/genesis/50.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And Yoseph commanded his Servants the Physicians to embalm his father, and the Physicians embalmed Israel.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/genesis/50.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father. And the physicians embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/genesis/50.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And Joseph commanded his servants the embalmers to embalm his father; and the embalmers embalmed Israel.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/genesis/50-2.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7ehevn8iSgc?start=13077" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/genesis/50.htm">Mourning and Burial for Jacob</a></span><br><span class="reftext">1</span>Then Joseph fell upon his father’s face, wept over him, and kissed him. <span class="reftext">2</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/3130.htm" title="3130: yō·w·sêp̄ (N-proper-ms) -- Future of yacaph; let him add; Joseph, the name of seven Israelites.">And Joseph</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/6680.htm" title="6680: way·ṣaw (Conj-w:: V-Piel-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- To lay charge (upon), give charge (to), command, order. A primitive root; to constitute, enjoin.">directed</a> <a href="/hebrew/7495.htm" title="7495: hā·rō·p̄ə·’îm (Art:: V-Qal-Prtcpl-mp) -- To heal. Or raphah; a primitive root; properly, to mend, i.e. to cure.">the physicians</a> <a href="/hebrew/5650.htm" title="5650: ‘ă·ḇā·ḏāw (N-mpc:: 3ms) -- Slave, servant. From abad; a servant.">in his service</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2590.htm" title="2590: la·ḥă·nōṭ (Prep-l:: V-Qal-Inf) -- To spice, make spicy, embalm. A primitive root; to spice; by implication, to embalm; also to ripen.">to embalm</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/1.htm" title="1: ’ā·ḇîw (N-msc:: 3ms) -- Father. A primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application).">his father</a> <a href="/hebrew/3478.htm" title="3478: yiś·rā·’êl (N-proper-ms) -- From sarah and 'el; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also of his posterity.">Israel.</a> <a href="/hebrew/7495.htm" title="7495: hā·rō·p̄ə·’îm (Art:: V-Qal-Prtcpl-mp) -- To heal. Or raphah; a primitive root; properly, to mend, i.e. to cure.">So they</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2590.htm" title="2590: way·ya·ḥan·ṭū (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp) -- To spice, make spicy, embalm. A primitive root; to spice; by implication, to embalm; also to ripen.">embalmed him,</a> </span><span class="reftext">3</span>taking the forty days required to complete the embalming. And the Egyptians mourned for him seventy days.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/john/19-39.htm">John 19:39-40</a></span><br />Nicodemus, who had previously come to Jesus at night, also brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds. / So they took the body of Jesus and wrapped it in linen cloths with the spices, according to the Jewish burial custom.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/mark/16-1.htm">Mark 16:1</a></span><br />When the Sabbath was over, Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome bought spices so they could go and anoint the body of Jesus.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/26-12.htm">Matthew 26:12</a></span><br />By pouring this perfume on Me, she has prepared My body for burial.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/luke/23-56.htm">Luke 23:56</a></span><br />Then they returned to prepare spices and perfumes. And they rested on the Sabbath, according to the commandment.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/john/12-7.htm">John 12:7</a></span><br />“Leave her alone,” Jesus replied. “She has kept this perfume in preparation for the day of My burial.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/16-14.htm">2 Chronicles 16:14</a></span><br />And he was buried in the tomb that he had cut out for himself in the City of David. They laid him on a bier that was full of spices and various blended perfumes; then they made a great fire in his honor.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_kings/9-34.htm">2 Kings 9:34-37</a></span><br />Then Jehu went in and ate and drank. “Take care of this cursed woman,” he said, “and bury her, for she was the daughter of a king.” / But when they went out to bury her, they found nothing but her skull, her feet, and the palms of her hands. / So they went back and told Jehu, who replied, “This is the word of the LORD, which He spoke through His servant Elijah the Tishbite: ‘On the plot of ground at Jezreel the dogs will devour the flesh of Jezebel. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/amos/6-10.htm">Amos 6:10</a></span><br />And when the relative who is to burn the bodies picks them up to remove them from the house, he will call to one inside, “Is anyone else with you?” “None,” that person will answer. “Silence,” the relative will retort, “for the name of the LORD must not be invoked.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/27-59.htm">Matthew 27:59</a></span><br />So Joseph took the body, wrapped it in a clean linen cloth,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/9-37.htm">Acts 9:37</a></span><br />At that time, however, she became sick and died, and her body was washed and placed in an upper room.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/john/11-44.htm">John 11:44</a></span><br />The man who had been dead came out with his hands and feet bound in strips of linen, and his face wrapped in a cloth. “Unwrap him and let him go,” Jesus told them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_samuel/31-12.htm">1 Samuel 31:12-13</a></span><br />all their men of valor set out, journeyed all night, and retrieved the bodies of Saul and his sons from the wall of Beth-shan. When they arrived at Jabesh, they burned the bodies there. / Then they took their bones and buried them under the tamarisk tree in Jabesh, and they fasted seven days.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_samuel/2-5.htm">2 Samuel 2:5</a></span><br />So David sent messengers to the men of Jabesh-gilead to tell them, “The LORD bless you, because you showed this kindness to Saul your lord when you buried him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_kings/23-18.htm">2 Kings 23:18</a></span><br />“Let him rest,” said Josiah. “Do not let anyone disturb his bones.” So they left his bones undisturbed, along with those of the prophet who had come from Samaria.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/37-4.htm">Ezekiel 37:4-6</a></span><br />And He said to me, “Prophesy concerning these bones and tell them, ‘Dry bones, hear the word of the LORD! / This is what the Lord GOD says to these bones: I will cause breath to enter you, and you will come to life. / I will attach tendons to you and make flesh grow upon you and cover you with skin. I will put breath within you so that you will come to life. Then you will know that I am the LORD.’”</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel.</p><p class="hdg">the physicians.</p><p class="hdg">embalmed.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/genesis/50-26.htm">Genesis 50:26</a></b></br> So Joseph died, <i>being</i> an hundred and ten years old: and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/2_chronicles/16-14.htm">2 Chronicles 16:14</a></b></br> And they buried him in his own sepulchres, which he had made for himself in the city of David, and laid him in the bed which was filled with sweet odours and divers kinds <i>of spices</i> prepared by the apothecaries' art: and they made a very great burning for him.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/matthew/26-12.htm">Matthew 26:12</a></b></br> For in that she hath poured this ointment on my body, she did <i>it</i> for my burial.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/genesis/49-25.htm">Body</a> <a href="/genesis/47-11.htm">Commanded</a> <a href="/genesis/49-29.htm">Commandeth</a> <a href="/genesis/47-11.htm">Directed</a> <a href="/mark/16-1.htm">Embalm</a> <a href="/genesis/50-26.htm">Embalmed</a> <a href="/genesis/50-1.htm">Father's</a> <a href="/genesis/48-10.htm">Folding</a> <a href="/genesis/49-28.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/genesis/50-1.htm">Joseph</a> <a href="/genesis/41-42.htm">Linen</a> <a href="/2_peter/1-3.htm">Necessary</a> <a href="/genesis/49-29.htm">Orders</a> <a href="/luke/8-43.htm">Physicians</a> <a href="/genesis/46-30.htm">Ready</a> <a href="/genesis/47-25.htm">Servants</a> <a href="/genesis/41-46.htm">Service</a> <a href="/genesis/43-11.htm">Spices</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/genesis/50-3.htm">Body</a> <a href="/genesis/50-12.htm">Commanded</a> <a href="/exodus/5-6.htm">Commandeth</a> <a href="/exodus/4-12.htm">Directed</a> <a href="/genesis/50-3.htm">Embalm</a> <a href="/genesis/50-3.htm">Embalmed</a> <a href="/genesis/50-8.htm">Father's</a> <a href="/1_kings/6-34.htm">Folding</a> <a href="/genesis/50-25.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/genesis/50-4.htm">Joseph</a> <a href="/exodus/25-4.htm">Linen</a> <a href="/exodus/12-16.htm">Necessary</a> <a href="/genesis/50-12.htm">Orders</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/16-12.htm">Physicians</a> <a href="/genesis/50-3.htm">Ready</a> <a href="/genesis/50-4.htm">Servants</a> <a href="/exodus/1-14.htm">Service</a> <a href="/exodus/25-6.htm">Spices</a><div class="vheading2">Genesis 50</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/50-1.htm">The mourning for Jacob.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">4. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/50-4.htm">Joseph gets leave of Pharaoh to go to bury him.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">7. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/50-7.htm">The funeral.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">15. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/50-15.htm">Joseph comforts his brothers, who crave his pardon.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">22. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/50-22.htm">His age.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">23. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/50-23.htm">He sees the third generation of his sons.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">24. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/50-24.htm">He prophesies unto his brothers of their return.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">25. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/50-25.htm">He takes an oath of them concerning his bones.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">26. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/50-26.htm">He dies, and is put into a coffin.</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script><br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading"><a href="/study/genesis/50.htm">Berean Study Bible</a></div><b>Then Joseph</b><br />The name "Joseph" in Hebrew is "Yosef," meaning "He will add." Joseph, a central figure in the latter part of Genesis, is a model of faithfulness and wisdom. His actions here reflect his deep respect and love for his father, Israel (Jacob). Joseph's leadership and authority in Egypt are evident as he takes charge of the situation, demonstrating his continued role as a preserver of his family.<p><b>directed the physicians</b><br />The Hebrew word for "directed" is "tsavah," which means to command or give orders. Joseph's authority is underscored as he commands the physicians, showing his high status in Egypt. The "physicians" (Hebrew: "rof'im") were skilled professionals in ancient Egypt, known for their advanced medical knowledge. This highlights the integration of Joseph's Hebrew heritage with his Egyptian environment, as he utilizes the resources available to him in his adopted land.<p><b>in his service</b><br />This phrase indicates that the physicians were under Joseph's authority, part of his household or administrative staff. It reflects the organizational structure of ancient Egypt, where high-ranking officials like Joseph had their own retinue of servants and specialists. This also shows Joseph's ability to navigate and manage the resources of a foreign land for the benefit of his family.<p><b>to embalm his father Israel</b><br />The practice of embalming, or "chanat" in Hebrew, was a distinctly Egyptian custom, aimed at preserving the body for the afterlife. Joseph's decision to embalm Israel signifies a blending of cultural practices, respecting Egyptian customs while honoring his father. "Israel," the name given to Jacob after wrestling with God, signifies the covenant relationship between God and Jacob's descendants. This act of embalming is a final act of honor and respect for the patriarch of the Israelite nation.<p><b>So the physicians embalmed him</b><br />The repetition of the action emphasizes the fulfillment of Joseph's command. The embalming process, which took 40 days, was a meticulous and revered practice in Egypt, reflecting the importance of the deceased. This act ensured that Jacob's body would be preserved for the journey back to Canaan, fulfilling his wish to be buried in the land promised to his descendants. It symbolizes the intersection of faith and culture, as Joseph honors his father's wishes while utilizing the means available to him in Egypt.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/genesis/50.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>L.<p>BURIAL OF JACOB, AND HAPPY OLD AGE OF JOSEPH.</span><p>(2) <span class= "bld">The physicians embalmed Israel.</span>--The command given first by Jacob to Joseph (<a href="/context/genesis/47-29.htm" title="And the time drew near that Israel must die: and he called his son Joseph, and said to him, If now I have found grace in your sight, put, I pray you, your hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and truly with me; bury me not, I pray you, in Egypt:">Genesis 47:29-30</a>), and then urged earnestly upon all his sons, and with the reminder that the cave of Machpelah had been purchased and belonged to him by right (<a href="/context/genesis/49-29.htm" title="And he charged them, and said to them, I am to be gathered to my people: bury me with my fathers in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Hittite,">Genesis 49:29-32</a>), made it specially necessary that the patriarch's body should be prepared for so long a journey. It was also usual at that period to embalm the dead; and during the many centuries while the custom lasted, from B.C. 2000 to A.D. 700, it is calculated that no less than 420,000,000 bodies were thus preserved. For the process, which was very expensive if done in the best manner, see Rawlinson, <span class= "ital">Egypt, </span>i. 511 ff. The embalmers are not generally called physicians, but probably what is meant is that the embalming of Jacob's body was superintended by the physicians attached to Joseph's household. Egypt was famous for its physicians, who were in advance of those of other countries, and were subdivided into classes, which had each the charge of some special disease. (See Rawlinson as above, i. 305 ff.) Mas-pero thinks that their real knowledge was inconsiderable, and that there were specialists only for the eyes, and one or two similar diseases (<span class= "ital">Hist. Anc. </span>82). Ophthalmia continues to be one of the most common diseases of Egypt.<span class= "bld"><p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/genesis/50.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 2.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians</span> - literally, <span class="accented">the healers</span>, <span class="hebrew">הָרֹפְאִים</span> from <span class="hebrew">רָפָא</span>, to sew together, to mend, hence to heal, a class of persons which abounded in Ancient Egypt, each physician being only qualified to treat a single disorder (Herod., 2:84). The medical men of Egypt were held in high repute abroad, and their assistance was at various times required by persons from other countries, as, e.g., Cyrus and Darius (Herod., 3:1, 132). Their knowledge of medicines was extensive, and is referred to both in sacred (Jeremiah 66:11) and profane (Homer, 'Odyssey" 4 . 229) writings. The Egyptian doctors belonged to the sacerdotal order, and were expected to know all things relating to the body, and diseases and remedies contained in the six last of the sacred books of Hermes. According to Pliny (7:56), the study of medicine originated in Egypt (<span class="accented">vide</span> Wilkinson in Rawlinson's 'Herodotus,' vol 2. pp. 116, 117). The physicians employed by Joseph were those attached to his own household, or the court practitioners - <span class="cmt_word">to embalm his father:</span> - literally, <span class="accented">to spice or season</span> (the body of) his father, i.e. to prepare it for burial by means of aromatics; <span class="accented">ut aromatibus condirent</span> (Vulgate); <span class="greek">ἐνταφιάσαι τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ</span> (LXX.), which is putting part of a proceeding for the whole (Tayler Lewis). According to Herodotus (2:86), the embalmers belonged to a distinct hereditary class or guild from the ordinary physicians; but either their formation into such a separate order of practitioners was of later origin (Hengstenberg, Kurtz, Kalisch), or Jacob was embalmed by the physicians instead of the embalmers proper because, not being an Egyptian, he could not be subjected to the ordinary treatment of the embalming art ('Speaker's Commentary') - <span class="cmt_word">and the physicians embalmed Israel.</span> The method of preparing mummies in Ancient Egypt has been elaborately described, both by Herodotus (2:86) and Diodorus Sieulus (1:91), and, in the main, the accuracy of their descriptions has been confirmed by the evidence derived from the mummies themselves. According to the most expensive process, which cost one talent of silver, or about £250 sterling, the brain was first extracted through the nostrils by means of a crooked piece of iron, the skull being thoroughly cleansed of any remaining portions by rinsing with drugs; then, through an opening in the left side made with a sharp Ethiopian knife of agate or of flint, the viscera were removed, the abdomen being afterwards purified with palm wine and an infusion of aromatics; next, the disemboweled corpse was filled with every sort of spicery except frankincense, and the opening sewed up; after that the stuffed form was steeped for seventy days in natrum or subcarbonate of soda obtained from the Libyan desert, and sometimes in wax and tanning, bitumen also being employed in later times; and finally, on the expiration of that <span class="accented">period</span>, which was scrupulously observed, the body was washed, wrapped about with linen bandages, smeared over with gum, decorated with amulets, sometimes with a network of porcelain bugles, covered with a linen shroud, and, in due course, transferred to a mummy case (<span class="accented">vide</span> Wilkinson's 'Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians,' vol. 3. p. 471, ed. 1878; Rawlinson's 'Herodotus,' vol. 2. pp. 118-123). <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/genesis/50-2.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">And Joseph</span><br /><span class="heb">יוֹסֵ֤ף</span> <span class="translit">(yō·w·sêp̄)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3130.htm">Strong's 3130: </a> </span><span class="str2">Joseph -- 'he increases', a son of Jacob, also the name of several Israelites</span><br /><br /><span class="word">directed</span><br /><span class="heb">וַיְצַ֨ו</span> <span class="translit">(way·ṣaw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6680.htm">Strong's 6680: </a> </span><span class="str2">To lay charge (upon), give charge (to), command, order</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the physicians</span><br /><span class="heb">הָרֹ֣פְאִ֔ים</span> <span class="translit">(hā·rō·p̄ə·’îm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7495.htm">Strong's 7495: </a> </span><span class="str2">To mend, to cure</span><br /><br /><span class="word">in his service</span><br /><span class="heb">עֲבָדָיו֙</span> <span class="translit">(‘ă·ḇā·ḏāw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5650.htm">Strong's 5650: </a> </span><span class="str2">Slave, servant</span><br /><br /><span class="word">to embalm</span><br /><span class="heb">לַחֲנֹ֖ט</span> <span class="translit">(la·ḥă·nōṭ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2590.htm">Strong's 2590: </a> </span><span class="str2">To spice, to embalm, to ripen</span><br /><br /><span class="word">his father</span><br /><span class="heb">אָבִ֑יו</span> <span class="translit">(’ā·ḇîw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1.htm">Strong's 1: </a> </span><span class="str2">Father</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Israel.</span><br /><span class="heb">יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃</span> <span class="translit">(yiś·rā·’êl)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3478.htm">Strong's 3478: </a> </span><span class="str2">Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc</span><br /><br /><span class="word">So they</span><br /><span class="heb">הָרֹפְאִ֖ים</span> <span class="translit">(hā·rō·p̄ə·’îm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7495.htm">Strong's 7495: </a> </span><span class="str2">To mend, to cure</span><br /><br /><span class="word">embalmed him,</span><br /><span class="heb">וַיַּחַנְט֥וּ</span> <span class="translit">(way·ya·ḥan·ṭū)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2590.htm">Strong's 2590: </a> </span><span class="str2">To spice, to embalm, to ripen</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/genesis/50-2.htm">Genesis 50:2 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/genesis/50-2.htm">Genesis 50:2 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/genesis/50-2.htm">Genesis 50:2 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/genesis/50-2.htm">Genesis 50:2 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/genesis/50-2.htm">Genesis 50:2 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/genesis/50-2.htm">Genesis 50:2 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/genesis/50-2.htm">Genesis 50:2 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/genesis/50-2.htm">Genesis 50:2 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/genesis/50-2.htm">Genesis 50:2 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/genesis/50-2.htm">Genesis 50:2 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/genesis/50-2.htm">OT Law: Genesis 50:2 Joseph commanded his servants the physicians (Gen. Ge Gn)</a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/genesis/50-1.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Genesis 50:1"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Genesis 50:1" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/genesis/50-3.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Genesis 50:3"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Genesis 50:3" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>