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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Roman Circus</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">28 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Roman Circus</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Roman_Circus">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1601459" data-work_id="1601459" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1601459/_Roman_Chariot_Racing_Charioteers_Factions_Spectators_In_Wiley_Blackwell_Companion_to_Sport_and_Spectacle_in_Greek_and_Roman_Antiquity_edited_by_Paul_Christesen_and_Donald_Kyle_492_502_Malden_Mass_Wiley_Blackwell_2013">"Roman Chariot-Racing: Charioteers, Factions, Spectators." In Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity, edited by Paul Christesen and Donald Kyle, 492–502. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1601459" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3d940742306a562cf3eb243aa538dc9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55625895,"asset_id":1601459,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55625895/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89861" href="https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell">Sinclair W Bell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89861" type="text/json">{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1601459 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1601459"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1601459, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1601459", }); 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Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.","created_at":"2012-05-29T01:46:02.424-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1601459/_Roman_Chariot_Racing_Charioteers_Factions_Spectators_In_Wiley_Blackwell_Companion_to_Sport_and_Spectacle_in_Greek_and_Roman_Antiquity_edited_by_Paul_Christesen_and_Donald_Kyle_492_502_Malden_Mass_Wiley_Blackwell_2013?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_1601459","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55625895,"asset_id":1601459,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6732,"name":"Horse culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_culture?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":13506,"name":"Topography of Ancient Rome (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Topography_of_Ancient_Rome_Archaeology_?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":17227,"name":"Ancient Sports/Athletics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Sports_Athletics?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":21620,"name":"Roman social history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_social_history?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":23555,"name":"Roman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Empire?f_ri=472886"},{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886"},{"id":50059,"name":"Roman social and economic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_social_and_economic_history?f_ri=472886"},{"id":50422,"name":"The sociology of ancient spectacle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_sociology_of_ancient_spectacle?f_ri=472886"},{"id":66983,"name":"Roman games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_games?f_ri=472886"},{"id":70463,"name":"Horse Riding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_Riding?f_ri=472886"},{"id":168196,"name":"Horses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horses?f_ri=472886"},{"id":219138,"name":"Athletics in the Ancient World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athletics_in_the_Ancient_World?f_ri=472886"},{"id":387022,"name":"History of Horse Riding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Horse_Riding?f_ri=472886"},{"id":434595,"name":"Ancient Sport History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Sport_History?f_ri=472886"},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886"},{"id":979519,"name":"Archaeology of Horse and Riders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Horse_and_Riders?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43025730" data-work_id="43025730" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43025730/Sinclair_W_Bell_2020_Horse_Racing_in_Imperial_Rome_Athletic_Competition_Equine_Performance_and_Urban_Spectacle_The_International_Journal_of_the_History_of_Sport_37_3_4_183_232_DOI_10_1080_09523367_2020_1782385">Sinclair W. Bell (2020) "Horse Racing in Imperial Rome: Athletic Competition, Equine Performance, and Urban Spectacle," The International Journal of the History of Sport, 37:3-4, 183-232, DOI: 10.1080/09523367.2020.1782385</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chariot races were the earliest, most popular, and longest-lived of all forms of ‘spectacles’ in the Roman world. This essay surveys the spatial and architectural framework of the Circus Maximus, the primary chariot racing venue at Rome,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43025730" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chariot races were the earliest, most popular, and longest-lived of all forms of ‘spectacles’ in the Roman world. This essay surveys the spatial and architectural framework of the Circus Maximus, the primary chariot racing venue at Rome, and circuses around the empire; the organization of the races, including the role of the factions; the symbolic representations of victories and athletic victors, as well as the charioteers’ actual prizes; and the horses that were bred for racing. Throughout I also briefly discuss the sport’s spectators and fans, for whom the sport was a socially binding religion. <br />The essay focuses on the first through the fourth centuries A.D., with the bulk of the evidence (literary, epigraphic, artistic, and archaeological) drawn from the first two centuries. In keeping with current directions in the study of ancient sport and spectacle, the approach adopted here places less emphasis on the legal and technical aspects of the chariot races (‘event-oriented sport history’) and more on these competitions as ‘part of a broader social canvas’ (the ‘social history of sport and spectacle’).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43025730" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e451a61925d12c95ce4696d5e47f8260" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64143186,"asset_id":43025730,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64143186/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89861" href="https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell">Sinclair W Bell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89861" type="text/json">{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43025730 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43025730"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43025730, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43025730", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43025730]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43025730").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43025730").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43025730"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6732" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_culture">Horse culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6732" type="text/json">{"id":6732,"name":"Horse culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_culture?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16513" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Fans">Sports Fans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16513" type="text/json">{"id":16513,"name":"Sports Fans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Fans?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21620" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_social_history">Roman social history</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21620" type="text/json">{"id":21620,"name":"Roman social history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_social_history?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43025730]'), work: {"id":43025730,"title":"Sinclair W. Bell (2020) \"Horse Racing in Imperial Rome: Athletic Competition,\nEquine Performance, and Urban Spectacle,\" The International Journal of the History of Sport, 37:3-4, 183-232, DOI: 10.1080/09523367.2020.1782385","created_at":"2020-05-12T15:03:19.535-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43025730/Sinclair_W_Bell_2020_Horse_Racing_in_Imperial_Rome_Athletic_Competition_Equine_Performance_and_Urban_Spectacle_The_International_Journal_of_the_History_of_Sport_37_3_4_183_232_DOI_10_1080_09523367_2020_1782385?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_43025730","summary":"Chariot races were the earliest, most popular, and longest-lived of all forms of ‘spectacles’ in the Roman world. This essay surveys the spatial and architectural framework of the Circus Maximus, the primary chariot racing venue at Rome, and circuses around the empire; the organization of the races, including the role of the factions; the symbolic representations of victories and athletic victors, as well as the charioteers’ actual prizes; and the horses that were bred for racing. Throughout I also briefly discuss the sport’s spectators and fans, for whom the sport was a socially binding religion. \nThe essay focuses on the first through the fourth centuries A.D., with the bulk of the evidence (literary, epigraphic, artistic, and archaeological) drawn from the first two centuries. In keeping with current directions in the study of ancient sport and spectacle, the approach adopted here places less emphasis on the legal and technical aspects of the chariot races (‘event-oriented sport history’) and more on these competitions as ‘part of a broader social canvas’ (the ‘social history of sport and spectacle’).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64143186,"asset_id":43025730,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":6732,"name":"Horse culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_culture?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":16513,"name":"Sports Fans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Fans?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":21620,"name":"Roman social history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_social_history?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886"},{"id":70463,"name":"Horse Riding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_Riding?f_ri=472886"},{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=472886"},{"id":168196,"name":"Horses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horses?f_ri=472886"},{"id":247919,"name":"Roman Spectacle and Entertainment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Spectacle_and_Entertainment?f_ri=472886"},{"id":277895,"name":"Greek and Roman sports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_sports?f_ri=472886"},{"id":387022,"name":"History of Horse Riding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Horse_Riding?f_ri=472886"},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886"},{"id":567962,"name":"Chariot Racing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chariot_Racing?f_ri=472886"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15174435 coauthored" data-work_id="15174435" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15174435/EL_CIRCO_ROMANO_DE_TOLEDO_EVOLUCI%C3%93N_HIST%C3%93RICA_DE_UN_BIEN_DE_INTER%C3%89S_CULTURAL_DE_UNA_CIUDAD_PATRIMONIO_DE_LA_HUMANIDAD">EL CIRCO ROMANO DE TOLEDO. EVOLUCIÓN HISTÓRICA DE UN BIEN DE INTERÉS CULTURAL DE UNA CIUDAD PATRIMONIO DE LA HUMANIDAD</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15174435" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d6461dd089e52a9321c33e8596142e10" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38568249,"asset_id":15174435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38568249/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34225383" href="https://independent.academia.edu/INVERSAArqueolog%C3%ADaConsultor%C3%ADayGesti%C3%B3ndePatrimonioCultural">INVERSA Arqueología, Consultoría y Gestión de Patrimonio Cultural</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34225383" type="text/json">{"id":34225383,"first_name":"INVERSA","last_name":"Arqueología, Consultoría y Gestión de Patrimonio Cultural","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"INVERSAArqueologíaConsultoríayGestióndePatrimonioCultural","display_name":"INVERSA Arqueología, Consultoría y Gestión de Patrimonio Cultural","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/INVERSAArqueolog%C3%ADaConsultor%C3%ADayGesti%C3%B3ndePatrimonioCultural?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34225383/10034244/11192655/s65_inversa.arqueolog_a_consultor_a_y_gesti_n_de_patrimonio_cultural.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-15174435">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-15174435"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElenaRosadoTejerizo">Elena Rosado Tejerizo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-15174435'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-15174435').html(); 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In The Oxford Handbook of Animals in Classical Thought and Life, edited by Gordon Campbell, 478–90. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1601450" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb1b7057eb2be66aea37362d80a68775" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46720464,"asset_id":1601450,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46720464/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89861" href="https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell">Sinclair W Bell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89861" type="text/json">{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1601450 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1601450"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1601450, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1601450", }); 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In The Oxford Handbook of Animals in Classical Thought and Life, edited by Gordon Campbell, 478–90. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.","created_at":"2012-05-29T01:37:11.253-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1601450/_Horse_Racing_and_Chariot_Racing_co_authored_with_Carolyn_Willekes_In_The_Oxford_Handbook_of_Animals_in_Classical_Thought_and_Life_edited_by_Gordon_Campbell_478_90_Oxford_Oxford_University_Press_2014?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_1601450","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46720464,"asset_id":1601450,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6732,"name":"Horse culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_culture?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":21620,"name":"Roman social history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_social_history?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":23555,"name":"Roman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Empire?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":66983,"name":"Roman games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_games?f_ri=472886"},{"id":70463,"name":"Horse Riding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_Riding?f_ri=472886"},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=472886"},{"id":168196,"name":"Horses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horses?f_ri=472886"},{"id":387022,"name":"History of Horse Riding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Horse_Riding?f_ri=472886"},{"id":445901,"name":"History of horse breeding and training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_horse_breeding_and_training?f_ri=472886"},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=472886"},{"id":979519,"name":"Archaeology of Horse and Riders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Horse_and_Riders?f_ri=472886"},{"id":988682,"name":"Horse Training and Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_Training_and_Performance?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9844429" data-work_id="9844429" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9844429/Arqueolog%C3%ADa_e_identidad_religiosa_edilicia_cristiana_y_arquitectura_l%C3%BAdica_en_Hispania_Archaeology_and_Religious_Identity_Christian_Buildings_and_Ludic_Architecture_in_Hispania_Madrid_2016_">Arqueología e identidad religiosa: edilicia cristiana y arquitectura lúdica en Hispania / Archaeology and Religious Identity: Christian Buildings and Ludic Architecture in Hispania (Madrid, 2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ABSTRACT: From the moment that executions of Christians in Roman spectacles buildings began to take place, the amphitheatre, as being the generic of such public buildings, becomes one of the paradigmatic settings of Christian identity.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9844429" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ABSTRACT: From the moment that executions of Christians in Roman spectacles buildings began to take place, the amphitheatre, as being the generic of such public buildings, becomes one of the paradigmatic settings of Christian identity. This would help to explain the emergence —after the Peace of the Church— of Christian buildings involving a worship of martyrial nature in the arenas of abandoned or unused entertainment buildings. The ludic substrate of certain martyrdoms allowed hagiographers to compose stories with an architectural background scenery full of symbolism that helped to emphasize the martyrial victory of the "athletes of Christ", thus contributing largely to explain this further relationship between Christian building and playful architecture occurred from the late fourth century and early fifth century and detected in the late antique and early medieval topography of some Roman cities. However, this issue has gone relatively unnoticed for Archaeology, and when the two key elements —roman spectacle building and church— appear, with few exceptions, they are considered separately in case of being subjected to some kind of study.<br /><br />RESUMEN: A partir de las ejecuciones de cristianos en edificios de espectáculos romanos, el anfiteatro, como genérico de este tipo de edificios públicos, se convierte en uno de los escenarios paradigmáticos de la identidad cristiana, lo que ayudaría a explicar la aparición, en momentos posteriores a la Paz de la Iglesia, de edificios de culto cristiano de carácter martirial en las arenas de los edificios de espectáculos abandonados o en desuso. El sustrato lúdico de determinados martirios permitió a los hagiógrafos componer relatos con escenarios arquitectónicos de fondo cargados de simbolismo que ayudaron a enfatizar la victoria martirial de los “atletas de Cristo”, lo que contribuiría, en gran medida, a explicar esta ulterior relación entre edilicia cristiana y arquitectura lúdica acaecida a partir de finales del siglo IV e inicios del V y detectada en la topografía tardoantigua y altomedieval de algunas ciudades romanas. Sin embargo, tal asunto pasa relativamente desapercibido a los ojos de la Arqueología, pues cuando aparecen los dos elementos clave —edificio de espectáculos e iglesia—, salvo contadas excepciones, se consideran por separado en caso de ser objeto de algún tipo de estudio.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9844429" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fbdbf47d5a5fbf27d549ca3cce5fa0c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56789874,"asset_id":9844429,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56789874/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1149774" href="https://ub.academia.edu/JordinaSalesCarbonell">Jordina Sales-Carbonell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1149774" type="text/json">{"id":1149774,"first_name":"Jordina","last_name":"Sales-Carbonell","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"JordinaSalesCarbonell","display_name":"Jordina Sales-Carbonell","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/JordinaSalesCarbonell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1149774/405319/29571565/s65_jordina.sales-carbonell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9844429 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9844429"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9844429, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9844429", }); 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However, this issue has gone relatively unnoticed for Archaeology, and when the two key elements —roman spectacle building and church— appear, with few exceptions, they are considered separately in case of being subjected to some kind of study.\n\nRESUMEN: A partir de las ejecuciones de cristianos en edificios de espectáculos romanos, el anfiteatro, como genérico de este tipo de edificios públicos, se convierte en uno de los escenarios paradigmáticos de la identidad cristiana, lo que ayudaría a explicar la aparición, en momentos posteriores a la Paz de la Iglesia, de edificios de culto cristiano de carácter martirial en las arenas de los edificios de espectáculos abandonados o en desuso. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/9441586/The_fanatic_is_a_fan_in_a_madhouse_urban_piracy_and_the_Roman_Circus_updated_with_bibliography_">The fanatic is a fan in a madhouse: urban piracy & the Roman Circus (updated with bibliography)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This paper deals with criminal piracy in Constantinople during the early Byzantine times and linked to the Circus factions illegal activities</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9441586" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies">Byzantine Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10091" type="text/json">{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11076" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11076" type="text/json">{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15459" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circus_Studes">Circus Studes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15459" type="text/json">{"id":15459,"name":"Circus Studes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circus_Studes?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9441586]'), work: {"id":9441586,"title":"The fanatic is a fan in a madhouse: urban piracy \u0026 the Roman Circus (updated with bibliography)","created_at":"2014-11-22T02:03:15.493-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9441586/The_fanatic_is_a_fan_in_a_madhouse_urban_piracy_and_the_Roman_Circus_updated_with_bibliography_?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_9441586","summary":"This paper deals with criminal piracy in Constantinople during the early Byzantine times and linked to the Circus factions illegal activities","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53502359,"asset_id":9441586,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":283202,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Alvarez Jimenez","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"DavidAlvarezJimenez","display_name":"David Alvarez 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Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Society?f_ri=472886"},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19421274" data-work_id="19421274" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19421274/Sundials_in_Roman_and_Byzantine_Mosaics_1st_9th_Century_AD_Les_cadrans_solaires_dans_les_mosa%C3%AFques_romaines_et_byzantines_Ier_si%C3%A8cle_ap_J_C_IXe_si%C3%A8cle_ap_J_C_in_A_Tomas_ed_Ad_fines_imperii_Romani_Studia_Thaddaeo_Sarnowski_Warszawa_2015_pp_449_468">Sundials in Roman and Byzantine Mosaics (1st – 9th Century AD)/Les cadrans solaires dans les mosaïques romaines et byzantines (Ier siècle ap. J.-C. - IXe siècle ap. J.-C.), [in:] A. Tomas (ed.), Ad fines imperii Romani. Studia Thaddaeo Sarnowski ..., Warszawa 2015, pp. 449-468.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sundials in Roman and Byzantine Mosaics (1st – 9th Century AD). A scientific monograph. The sundials on ancient mosaics have not been the subject of scientific studies so far. The author has gathered together in this publication the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19421274" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sundials in Roman and Byzantine Mosaics (1st – 9th Century AD). A scientific monograph. The sundials on ancient mosaics have not been the subject of scientific studies so far. The author has gathered together  in this  publication  the sundials  already known (Torre Anunzaiata, Sarsina, Trier, Saint-Romain-en-Gal, Antioch and Brading; Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9) and those which have  not  previously  been  identified.  Thanks  to  the author’s  new  identifcations,  the  catalogue  has  been enlarged  by  six  new  sundials (Grand,Tarsus, Antiochia – interpreted by H. Pamir; Figs.  3, 6,  8, and 10. Tayibat al-Imam, Jerusalem and Umm al-Rasas (Sebastis); Figs. 10, 11, 12) and three monumental gnomes-columns with multiple functions that were used as monumental sundials [Madaba (Jerusalem), Umm al-Rasas (Kastron Mefaa) and Rome (Jerusalem); Figs. 13–15]. In addition, recognizing fully John H. Humphrey’s  interpretations,  the  author  enriches  the catalogue  by  eight  ancient  mosaic  representations  of obelisks in  circuses (Lyon, Barcelona, Volubilis, Piazza Armerina - two mosaics, Girona, Carthage and Gafsa; Figs.  16–23).  They  performed the roles of monumental sundials. In this way, the catalogue includes  twenty-three  mosaics with  the representations of sundials. They come from the Western and Eastern Provinces of the Roman Empire. The first mosaic is dated to the beginning of the 1st century AD and the last dates to the 9th century AD. The author, after  a  short  description  of each monument,  summarizes the issue discussing the role of sundials in Roman and Byzantine society, their complex signifcance and symbolic dificult linked with the progress of time on which nature and human life are dependent. See Pdf : <a href="https://www.academia.edu/22653583/" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/22653583/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19421274" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e58adee3cecc8b3d93dfd034158847e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50024384,"asset_id":19421274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50024384/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2037251" href="https://uw.academia.edu/MarekTitienOlszewski">Marek Titien Olszewski (Marek Tycjan Olszewski)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2037251" type="text/json">{"id":2037251,"first_name":"Marek Titien","last_name":"Olszewski (Marek Tycjan Olszewski)","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MarekTitienOlszewski","display_name":"Marek Titien Olszewski (Marek Tycjan Olszewski)","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MarekTitienOlszewski?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2037251/673950/1032526/s65_marek_titien.olszewski_marek_tycjan_olszewski_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19421274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19421274"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19421274, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19421274", }); 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J.-C. - IXe siècle ap. J.-C.), [in:] A. Tomas (ed.), Ad fines imperii Romani. Studia Thaddaeo Sarnowski ..., Warszawa 2015, pp. 449-468.","created_at":"2015-12-03T09:56:32.624-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19421274/Sundials_in_Roman_and_Byzantine_Mosaics_1st_9th_Century_AD_Les_cadrans_solaires_dans_les_mosa%C3%AFques_romaines_et_byzantines_Ier_si%C3%A8cle_ap_J_C_IXe_si%C3%A8cle_ap_J_C_in_A_Tomas_ed_Ad_fines_imperii_Romani_Studia_Thaddaeo_Sarnowski_Warszawa_2015_pp_449_468?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_19421274","summary":"Sundials in Roman and Byzantine Mosaics (1st – 9th Century AD). A scientific monograph. The sundials on ancient mosaics have not been the subject of scientific studies so far. The author has gathered together in this publication the sundials already known (Torre Anunzaiata, Sarsina, Trier, Saint-Romain-en-Gal, Antioch and Brading; Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9) and those which have not previously been identified. Thanks to the author’s new identifcations, the catalogue has been enlarged by six new sundials (Grand,Tarsus, Antiochia – interpreted by H. Pamir; Figs. 3, 6, 8, and 10.\tTayibat al-Imam, Jerusalem and\tUmm al-Rasas (Sebastis); Figs. 10, 11, 12) and three monumental gnomes-columns with multiple functions that were used as monumental sundials [Madaba (Jerusalem), Umm al-Rasas (Kastron Mefaa) and Rome (Jerusalem); Figs. 13–15]. In addition, recognizing fully John H. Humphrey’s interpretations, the author enriches the catalogue by eight ancient mosaic representations of obelisks in circuses (Lyon, Barcelona, Volubilis, Piazza Armerina - two mosaics, Girona, Carthage and Gafsa; Figs. 16–23). They performed the roles of monumental sundials. In this way, the catalogue includes twenty-three mosaics with the representations of sundials. They come from the Western and Eastern Provinces of the Roman Empire. The first mosaic is dated to the beginning of the 1st century AD and the last dates to the 9th century AD. The author, after a short description of each monument, summarizes the issue discussing the role of sundials in Roman and Byzantine society, their complex signifcance and symbolic dificult linked with the progress of time on which nature and human life are dependent. 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A scientific monograph. The sundials on ancient mosaics have not been the subject of scientific studies so far. The author has gathered together in this publication the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29580021" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sundials in Roman and Byzantine Mosaics (1st – 9th Century AD). A scientific monograph. The sundials on ancient mosaics have not been the subject of scientific studies so far. The author has gathered together  in this  publication  the sundials  already known (Torre Anunzaiata, Sarsina, Trier, Saint-Romain-en-Gal, Antiochia and Brading; Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9) and those which have  not  previously  been  identified.  Thanks  to  the author’s  new  identifcations,  the  catalogue  has  been enlarged  by  six  new  sundials (Grand,Tarsus, Antioch – interpreted by H. Pamir; Figs.  3, 6,  8, and 10. Tayibat al-Imam, Jerusalem and Umm al-Rasas (Sebastis); Figs. 10, 11, 12) and three monumental gnomes-columns with multiple functions that were used as monumental sundials [Madaba (Jerusalem), Umm al-Rasas (Kastron Mefaa) and Rome (Jerusalem); Figs. 13–15]. In addition, recognizing fully John H. Humphrey’s  interpretations,  the  author  enriches  the catalogue  by  eight  ancient  mosaic  representations  of obelisks in  circuses (Lyon, Barcelona, Volubilis, Piazza Armerina - two mosaics, Girona, Carthage and Gafsa; Figs.  16–23).  They  performed the roles of monumental sundials. In this way, the catalogue includes  twenty-three  mosaics with  the representations of sundials. They come from the Western and Eastern Provinces of the Roman Empire. The first mosaic is dated to the beginning of the 1st century AD and the last dates to the 9th century AD. The author, after  a  short  description  of each monument,  summarizes the issue discussing the role of sundials in Roman and Byzantine society, their complex signifcance and symbolic difficult linked with the progress of time on which nature and human life are dependent.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29580021" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1a8b29c5fec918453ce5d499dc19f6b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":103467943,"asset_id":29580021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103467943/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2037251" href="https://uw.academia.edu/MarekTitienOlszewski">Marek Titien Olszewski (Marek Tycjan Olszewski)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2037251" type="text/json">{"id":2037251,"first_name":"Marek Titien","last_name":"Olszewski (Marek Tycjan Olszewski)","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MarekTitienOlszewski","display_name":"Marek Titien Olszewski (Marek Tycjan Olszewski)","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MarekTitienOlszewski?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2037251/673950/1032526/s65_marek_titien.olszewski_marek_tycjan_olszewski_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29580021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29580021"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29580021, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29580021", }); 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A scientific monograph. The sundials on ancient mosaics have not been the subject of scientific studies so far. The author has gathered together in this publication the sundials already known (Torre Anunzaiata, Sarsina, Trier, Saint-Romain-en-Gal, Antiochia and Brading; Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9) and those which have not previously been identified. Thanks to the author’s new identifcations, the catalogue has been enlarged by six new sundials (Grand,Tarsus, Antioch – interpreted by H. Pamir; Figs. 3, 6, 8, and 10.\tTayibat al-Imam, Jerusalem and Umm al-Rasas (Sebastis); Figs. 10, 11, 12) and three monumental gnomes-columns with multiple functions that were used as monumental sundials [Madaba (Jerusalem), Umm al-Rasas (Kastron Mefaa) and Rome (Jerusalem); Figs. 13–15]. In addition, recognizing fully John H. Humphrey’s interpretations, the author enriches the catalogue by eight ancient mosaic representations of obelisks in circuses (Lyon, Barcelona, Volubilis, Piazza Armerina - two mosaics, Girona, Carthage and Gafsa; Figs. 16–23). They performed the roles of monumental sundials. In this way, the catalogue includes twenty-three mosaics with the representations of sundials. They come from the Western and Eastern Provinces of the Roman Empire. The first mosaic is dated to the beginning of the 1st century AD and the last dates to the 9th century AD. The author, after a short description of each monument, summarizes the issue discussing the role of sundials in Roman and Byzantine society, their complex signifcance and symbolic difficult linked with the progress of time on which nature and human life are dependent.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":103467943,"asset_id":29580021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2037251,"first_name":"Marek Titien","last_name":"Olszewski (Marek Tycjan Olszewski)","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MarekTitienOlszewski","display_name":"Marek Titien Olszewski (Marek Tycjan Olszewski)","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MarekTitienOlszewski?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2037251/673950/1032526/s65_marek_titien.olszewski_marek_tycjan_olszewski_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":132,"name":"History of Science and 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Berliner Beiträge zum Nachleben der Antike 7 (2005) 49–80.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/201883" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8cf3d0473ffff98a9d61d11f90621412" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36997904,"asset_id":201883,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36997904/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89861" href="https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell">Sinclair W Bell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89861" type="text/json">{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_201883 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="201883"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 201883, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_201883", }); 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LA INTERVENCIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA DE LA CALLE ENRAJOLAT (TARRAGONA) (2015)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The archaeological excavations carried out in Enrajolat Street in Tarragona, have been provided new architectonic data from the north sector of the roman circus grandstands, and its perimeter’s connection to the representational square of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18712661" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The archaeological excavations carried out in Enrajolat Street in Tarragona, have been provided new<br />architectonic data from the north sector of the roman circus grandstands, and its perimeter’s connection to the<br />representational square of the Concilium Provinciae Hispaniae Citerioris. The preservation of the visorium<br />surface and its constructive characteristics, the relationship with the extrados grandstand’s vaults, and the new<br />evidences of the circus’ drainage systems can get us closer to knowledge of this public roman building.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18712661" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c83949b06a5019dc820b0deb1af16cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40214245,"asset_id":18712661,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40214245/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1262461" href="https://ub.academia.edu/ImmaTeixell">Imma Teixell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1262461" type="text/json">{"id":1262461,"first_name":"Imma","last_name":"Teixell","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"ImmaTeixell","display_name":"Imma Teixell","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/ImmaTeixell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1262461/462271/6988011/s65_imma.teixell.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18712661">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18712661"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://urv.academia.edu/SergiNavarroJust">Sergi Navarro Just</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18712661'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18712661').html(); 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LA INTERVENCIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA DE LA CALLE ENRAJOLAT (TARRAGONA) (2015)","created_at":"2015-11-20T09:27:59.073-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18712661/EL_CIRCO_ROMANO_DE_TARRACO_NUEVOS_DATOS_ARQUITECT%C3%93NICOS_LA_INTERVENCI%C3%93N_ARQUEOL%C3%93GICA_DE_LA_CALLE_ENRAJOLAT_TARRAGONA_2015_?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_18712661","summary":"The archaeological excavations carried out in Enrajolat Street in Tarragona, have been provided new\narchitectonic data from the north sector of the roman circus grandstands, and its perimeter’s connection to the\nrepresentational square of the Concilium Provinciae Hispaniae Citerioris. The preservation of the visorium\nsurface and its constructive characteristics, the relationship with the extrados grandstand’s vaults, and the new\nevidences of the circus’ drainage systems can get us closer to knowledge of this public roman building.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40214245,"asset_id":18712661,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1262461,"first_name":"Imma","last_name":"Teixell","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"ImmaTeixell","display_name":"Imma Teixell","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/ImmaTeixell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1262461/462271/6988011/s65_imma.teixell.jpg"},{"id":3713870,"first_name":"Sergi","last_name":"Navarro Just","domain_name":"urv","page_name":"SergiNavarroJust","display_name":"Sergi Navarro Just","profile_url":"https://urv.academia.edu/SergiNavarroJust?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3713870/1327485/12485268/s65_sergi.navarro_just.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":98823,"name":"Roman Architecture and Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture_and_Urbanism?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":109577,"name":"Tarraco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tarraco?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40426194" data-work_id="40426194" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40426194/Bell_Sinclair_W_2018_2019_2021_The_Costume_of_the_Roman_Charioteer_New_Insights_from_a_Statue_Fragment_in_Hadrumentum_Sousse_and_Related_Sources_Boreas_M%C3%BCnstersche_Beitr%C3%A4ge_zur_Arch%C3%A4ologie_41_42_73_87_pls">Bell, Sinclair W. (2018/2019) [2021] "The Costume of the Roman Charioteer: New Insights from a Statue Fragment in Hadrumentum (Sousse) and Related Sources." Boreas. Münstersche Beiträge zur Archäologie 41/42: 73-87 + pls.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article focuses on a fragmentary standing statue of a male figure now preserved in the archaeological museum at Sousse, where it is exhibited as a »Dioscurus«. Through comparison with images in numerous media, the marble fragment is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40426194" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article focuses on a fragmentary standing statue of a male figure now preserved in the archaeological museum at Sousse, where it is exhibited as a »Dioscurus«. Through comparison with images in numerous media, the marble fragment is securely identified on new grounds as having belonged to the statue of a Roman charioteer, a genre that is rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The article concentrates on the preserved imagery (the right leg, prize crown, and horse protome), which it analyzes in comparison with a range of visual, literary, and epigraphic evidence. In addition, it adds a largely overlooked detail (leg protectors) to our knowledge of the charioteer's costume. The article also speculates about the statue's viewership and significance within its wider social-cultural setting: the horse-racing culture of Roman North Africa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40426194" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a0227fa1f7978b3b9f1796e4e3d2297" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74029766,"asset_id":40426194,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74029766/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89861" href="https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell">Sinclair W Bell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89861" type="text/json">{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40426194 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40426194"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40426194, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40426194", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40426194 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40426194; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40426194"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40426194 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40426194"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40426194; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40426194]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40426194").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40426194").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40426194"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24068" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_North_Africa_Archaeology_">Roman North Africa (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24068" type="text/json">{"id":24068,"name":"Roman North Africa (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_North_Africa_Archaeology_?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35544" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses">Roman Circuses</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35544" type="text/json">{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51783" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_magic">Greek and Roman magic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51783" type="text/json">{"id":51783,"name":"Greek and Roman magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_magic?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_North_Africa">Roman North Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="78575" type="text/json">{"id":78575,"name":"Roman North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_North_Africa?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40426194]'), work: {"id":40426194,"title":"Bell, Sinclair W. (2018/2019) [2021] \"The Costume of the Roman Charioteer: New Insights from a Statue Fragment in Hadrumentum (Sousse) and Related Sources.\" Boreas. Münstersche Beiträge zur Archäologie 41/42: 73-87 + pls.","created_at":"2019-09-23T15:35:34.922-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40426194/Bell_Sinclair_W_2018_2019_2021_The_Costume_of_the_Roman_Charioteer_New_Insights_from_a_Statue_Fragment_in_Hadrumentum_Sousse_and_Related_Sources_Boreas_M%C3%BCnstersche_Beitr%C3%A4ge_zur_Arch%C3%A4ologie_41_42_73_87_pls?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_40426194","summary":"This article focuses on a fragmentary standing statue of a male figure now preserved in the archaeological museum at Sousse, where it is exhibited as a »Dioscurus«. Through comparison with images in numerous media, the marble fragment is securely identified on new grounds as having belonged to the statue of a Roman charioteer, a genre that is rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The article concentrates on the preserved imagery (the right leg, prize crown, and horse protome), which it analyzes in comparison with a range of visual, literary, and epigraphic evidence. In addition, it adds a largely overlooked detail (leg protectors) to our knowledge of the charioteer's costume. The article also speculates about the statue's viewership and significance within its wider social-cultural setting: the horse-racing culture of Roman North Africa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74029766,"asset_id":40426194,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":24068,"name":"Roman North Africa (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_North_Africa_Archaeology_?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":51783,"name":"Greek and Roman magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_magic?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":78575,"name":"Roman North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_North_Africa?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":85515,"name":"Roman Sculpture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Sculpture?f_ri=472886"},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=472886"},{"id":247919,"name":"Roman Spectacle and Entertainment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Spectacle_and_Entertainment?f_ri=472886"},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40106455 coauthored" data-work_id="40106455" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40106455/Curvers_Gans_Held_Kotitsa_Nurpetlian_Wangen_2017_The_Hippodrome_of_Berytos_Preliminary_Report_BAAL_17_7_">Curvers, Gans, Held, Kotitsa, Nurpetlian, Wangen 2017 The Hippodrome of Berytos, Preliminary Report (BAAL 17) 7-</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study presents the first results of the Phillips-University of Marburg ‘Berytos Projekt’ to analyze the excavation data collected in the Wadi Abu Jmil quarter of Beirut. French archeologist Comte Robert du Mesnil du Buisson and his... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40106455" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study presents the first results of the Phillips-University of Marburg ‘Berytos Projekt’ to analyze the excavation data collected in the Wadi Abu Jmil quarter of Beirut. French archeologist Comte Robert du Mesnil du Buisson and his colleagues located the Roman Circus or Hippodrome in the area based on findings and reports of its inhabitants. Some had reported the presence of marble seats, and the lead curse tablet found at the site of the Greek consulate on Rue de France made its way into the National Museum. Development-led excavations (1995-2014) at a number of sites revealed the central barrier, the ranked seating area, the northern walls and finally the foundations of the starting gates. The Beirut Hippodrome or Roman Circus had suffered from the great<br />earthquake in 551 CE and had become a quarry for building material. The analysis of the stratigraphy and ceramics of targeted soundings allowed the authors to reconstruct five centuries of its building history.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40106455" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="63869f039c77848d218dd24d6a19c0db" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60317860,"asset_id":40106455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60317860/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="183146" href="https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/hanscurvers">hans curvers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="183146" type="text/json">{"id":183146,"first_name":"hans","last_name":"curvers","domain_name":"uni-marburg","page_name":"hanscurvers","display_name":"hans curvers","profile_url":"https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/hanscurvers?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/183146/45108/41502/s65_hans.curvers.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40106455">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40106455"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aub-lb.academia.edu/JackNurpetlian">Jack Nurpetlian</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40106455'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40106455').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40106455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40106455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40106455; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40106455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40106455").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40106455").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40106455"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35544" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses">Roman Circuses</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35544" type="text/json">{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84919" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beirut_Roman_Urban_Plan">Beirut Roman Urban Plan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="84919" type="text/json">{"id":84919,"name":"Beirut Roman Urban Plan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beirut_Roman_Urban_Plan?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84920" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beirut_Urban_Archaeology">Beirut Urban Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="84920" type="text/json">{"id":84920,"name":"Beirut Urban Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beirut_Urban_Archaeology?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="472886" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus">Roman Circus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="472886" type="text/json">{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40106455]'), work: {"id":40106455,"title":"Curvers, Gans, Held, Kotitsa, Nurpetlian, Wangen 2017 The Hippodrome of Berytos, Preliminary Report (BAAL 17) 7-","created_at":"2019-08-17T07:53:48.476-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40106455/Curvers_Gans_Held_Kotitsa_Nurpetlian_Wangen_2017_The_Hippodrome_of_Berytos_Preliminary_Report_BAAL_17_7_?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_40106455","summary":"This study presents the first results of the Phillips-University of Marburg ‘Berytos Projekt’ to analyze the excavation data collected in the Wadi Abu Jmil quarter of Beirut. French archeologist Comte Robert du Mesnil du Buisson and his colleagues located the Roman Circus or Hippodrome in the area based on findings and reports of its inhabitants. Some had reported the presence of marble seats, and the lead curse tablet found at the site of the Greek consulate on Rue de France made its way into the National Museum. Development-led excavations (1995-2014) at a number of sites revealed the central barrier, the ranked seating area, the northern walls and finally the foundations of the starting gates. The Beirut Hippodrome or Roman Circus had suffered from the great\nearthquake in 551 CE and had become a quarry for building material. The analysis of the stratigraphy and ceramics of targeted soundings allowed the authors to reconstruct five centuries of its building history.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60317860,"asset_id":40106455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":183146,"first_name":"hans","last_name":"curvers","domain_name":"uni-marburg","page_name":"hanscurvers","display_name":"hans curvers","profile_url":"https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/hanscurvers?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/183146/45108/41502/s65_hans.curvers.jpg"},{"id":32529327,"first_name":"Jack","last_name":"Nurpetlian","domain_name":"aub-lb","page_name":"JackNurpetlian","display_name":"Jack Nurpetlian","profile_url":"https://aub-lb.academia.edu/JackNurpetlian?f_ri=472886","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":84919,"name":"Beirut Roman Urban Plan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beirut_Roman_Urban_Plan?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":84920,"name":"Beirut Urban Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beirut_Urban_Archaeology?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5494051" data-work_id="5494051" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5494051/L_hippodrome_romain_de_Tyr_%C3%A9tude_d_architecture_et_d_arch%C3%A9ologie">L’hippodrome romain de Tyr, étude d’architecture et d’archéologie</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Le présent volume est consacré à l’hippodrome romain d’el-Bass à Tyr (Liban sud). Cet hippodrome est aujourd’hui considéré comme l’un des monuments de ce type les mieux conservés du monde romain. Par rapport à la ville antique, l’édifice... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5494051" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Le présent volume est consacré à l’hippodrome romain d’el-Bass à Tyr (Liban sud). Cet hippodrome est aujourd’hui considéré comme l’un des monuments de ce type les mieux conservés du monde romain. Par rapport à la ville antique, l’édifice se trouvait hors les murs, dans une zone essentiellement occupée par une large nécropole remontant à l’époque romano-byzantine. Sa façade principale, devancée par un aqueduc, donne sur la route antique qui menait à la cité. Cette route est chevauchée par un arc monumental qui définissait la limite de l’aire urbaine. Long de 470 m, pour une largeur maximale de 125 m, l’hippodrome occupe une surface totale de 54000 m2. Sa capacité maximale est d’environ 36 500 personnes. Sa cavea présente une longue galerie surmontée par l’étage d’attique et donnant accès à une série de salles voûtées qui supportent les gradins. Ceux-ci sont accessibles à partir des portes placées à des intervalles réguliers dans les murs extérieurs de certaines de ces salles. Cependant, ce schéma fonctionnel s’interrompt au niveau de la moitié sud de l’hippodrome, où, pour des raisons qui semblent être financières, la galerie et l’étage d’attique sont remplacés par un mur continu qui fut ajouté ultérieurement. Une présentation générale du site et des divers monuments qui le composent est suivie d’une étude détaillée de tous les aspects de l’hippodrome et de son cadre archéologique, géographique et historique. Son architecture et ses éléments architectoniques sont particulièrement décrits et analysés. Des notes sur sa métrologie, l’organisation de son chantier ainsi que ses diverses phases chronologiques viennent compléter l’ensemble. Cette étude couvrira leurs divers aspects archéologiques, architecturaux, typologiques ainsi que les divers remaniements qu’ils subirent. L’ensemble sera accompagné de plusieurs approches comparatives avec des monuments contemporains similaires. Cette étude sera complétée par une analyse urbaine du site, ainsi que par une étude chronologique qui présentera les diverses phases de son évolution, son développement et son abandon</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5494051" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="56b6f5b03907a30ec3810cb3a9b75289" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32731965,"asset_id":5494051,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32731965/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2575597" href="https://usek.academia.edu/HanyKahwagiJanho">Hany Kahwagi-Janho</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2575597" type="text/json">{"id":2575597,"first_name":"Hany","last_name":"Kahwagi-Janho","domain_name":"usek","page_name":"HanyKahwagiJanho","display_name":"Hany Kahwagi-Janho","profile_url":"https://usek.academia.edu/HanyKahwagiJanho?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2575597/807016/3320233/s65_hany.kahwagi-janho.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5494051 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5494051"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5494051, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5494051", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5494051]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5494051").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5494051").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5494051"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35544" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses">Roman Circuses</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35544" type="text/json">{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99285" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture">Roman Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="99285" type="text/json">{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="472886" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus">Roman Circus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="472886" type="text/json">{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="634974" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology">Roman Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="634974" type="text/json">{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5494051]'), work: {"id":5494051,"title":"L’hippodrome romain de Tyr, étude d’architecture et d’archéologie","created_at":"2013-12-21T00:50:42.937-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5494051/L_hippodrome_romain_de_Tyr_%C3%A9tude_d_architecture_et_d_arch%C3%A9ologie?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_5494051","summary":"Le présent volume est consacré à l’hippodrome romain d’el-Bass à Tyr (Liban sud). Cet hippodrome est aujourd’hui considéré comme l’un des monuments de ce type les mieux conservés du monde romain. Par rapport à la ville antique, l’édifice se trouvait hors les murs, dans une zone essentiellement occupée par une large nécropole remontant à l’époque romano-byzantine. Sa façade principale, devancée par un aqueduc, donne sur la route antique qui menait à la cité. Cette route est chevauchée par un arc monumental qui définissait la limite de l’aire urbaine. Long de 470 m, pour une largeur maximale de 125 m, l’hippodrome occupe une surface totale de 54000 m2. Sa capacité maximale est d’environ 36 500 personnes. Sa cavea présente une longue galerie surmontée par l’étage d’attique et donnant accès à une série de salles voûtées qui supportent les gradins. Ceux-ci sont accessibles à partir des portes placées à des intervalles réguliers dans les murs extérieurs de certaines de ces salles. Cependant, ce schéma fonctionnel s’interrompt au niveau de la moitié sud de l’hippodrome, où, pour des raisons qui semblent être financières, la galerie et l’étage d’attique sont remplacés par un mur continu qui fut ajouté ultérieurement. Une présentation générale du site et des divers monuments qui le composent est suivie d’une étude détaillée de tous les aspects de l’hippodrome et de son cadre archéologique, géographique et historique. Son architecture et ses éléments architectoniques sont particulièrement décrits et analysés. Des notes sur sa métrologie, l’organisation de son chantier ainsi que ses diverses phases chronologiques viennent compléter l’ensemble. Cette étude couvrira leurs divers aspects archéologiques, architecturaux, typologiques ainsi que les divers remaniements qu’ils subirent. L’ensemble sera accompagné de plusieurs approches comparatives avec des monuments contemporains similaires. Cette étude sera complétée par une analyse urbaine du site, ainsi que par une étude chronologique qui présentera les diverses phases de son évolution, son développement et son abandon","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32731965,"asset_id":5494051,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2575597,"first_name":"Hany","last_name":"Kahwagi-Janho","domain_name":"usek","page_name":"HanyKahwagiJanho","display_name":"Hany Kahwagi-Janho","profile_url":"https://usek.academia.edu/HanyKahwagiJanho?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2575597/807016/3320233/s65_hany.kahwagi-janho.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":648683,"name":"Lebanese archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanese_archaeology?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_201880" data-work_id="201880" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/201880/_Roman_Circus_Sarcophagi_New_Lost_and_Rediscovered_Finds_BOREAS_M%C3%BCnstersche_Beitr%C3%A4ge_zur_Arch%C3%A4ologie_30_31_2007_2008_2009_127_140">"Roman Circus Sarcophagi: New, Lost and Rediscovered Finds." BOREAS: Münstersche Beiträge zur Archäologie 30/31 (2007/2008) [2009] 127-140.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/201880" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bf67230eec7f51f1a716a1f79c2c48ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31136586,"asset_id":201880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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A Misidentified Head in Rome and the ‘Problem’ of Charioteer Portraits." In Le cirque romain et son image, edited by Jocelyne Nelis-Clément and Jean-Michel Roddaz, 393–411. Collection Mémoires, 20. 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type="text/json">{"id":24185,"name":"Witchcraft, Religion and Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Witchcraft_Religion_and_Magic?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35544" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses">Roman Circuses</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35544" type="text/json">{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51437" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic_and_Divination_in_the_Ancient_World">Magic and Divination in the Ancient World</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51437" type="text/json">{"id":51437,"name":"Magic and Divination in the Ancient World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic_and_Divination_in_the_Ancient_World?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if 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Treignes, Ed. du Cedarc : 286 p.","created_at":"2014-07-02T07:47:49.429-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7533225/CATTELAIN_P_DI_STAZIO_G_V_BELLIER_C_BOZET_N_dir_2010_Des_jeux_du_stade_aux_jeux_du_cirque_Guides_Arch%C3%A9ologiques_du_Malgr%C3%A9_Tout_Treignes_Ed_du_Cedarc_286_p?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_7533225","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34153856,"asset_id":7533225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":273047,"first_name":"Pierre","last_name":"Cattelain","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"PierreCattelain","display_name":"Pierre Cattelain","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/PierreCattelain?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/273047/3506743/55372126/s65_pierre.cattelain.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":61641,"name":"Olympic Games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Olympic_Games?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":66983,"name":"Roman games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_games?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":118818,"name":"Gladiators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gladiators?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":277895,"name":"Greek and Roman sports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_sports?f_ri=472886"},{"id":472538,"name":"Panathenaic amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panathenaic_amphorae?f_ri=472886"},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886"},{"id":652026,"name":"Gladiators and the Arena Games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gladiators_and_the_Arena_Games?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39112763" data-work_id="39112763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39112763/Le_cirque_largent_et_le_peuple_%C3%80_propos_dune_inscription_du_Bas_Empire">Le cirque, l'argent et le peuple. À propos d'une inscription du Bas-Empire</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">What is people, populus, δήμος ? This basic question has been neglected by those who study the Late Empire's population, popular games and popular riots. The article shows that the «people» of each city comprised a distinct social... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39112763" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">What is people, populus, δήμος ? This basic question has been neglected by those who study the Late Empire's population, popular games and popular riots. The article shows that the «people» of each city comprised a distinct social stratum, not to be confused with the vague «popular masses» of heterogenous city dwellers. This essentially hereditary citizen body was defined, in particular in the two capitals, by the entitlement to free daily rations of bread and eventually of other products (annonae). The citizens/δημόται were the most ardent partisans of the circus colors — the current notion of δημόται as members of «fan clubs» or «theatre claques» is anachronistic and has no basis in the sources — and, obviously, also played an important political rôle. The article follows the changing fortunes of the citizen body of Constantinople, which dwindled from 80 000 people in the late 4th entury to well below 10 000 ca. 600 but which became better structured and more politically active. It proposes some new insights on a misinterpreted dedication from Bostra (IGLS XIII, 9129), on the rôle of the circus financial managers, the aurarii, and on the most indecent of the late antique graffiti. <br />a révision d'une inscription problématique, provenant de la ville de Bostra en Arabie et datée de 539/40, nous conduit à poser deux questions majeures. La première concerne les finances du théâtre et du cirque, et surtout les personnes responsables de leur gestion, les aurarii, dont le rôle est éclairé et précisé grâce aux données nouvelles. La seconde question porte sur le sens du mot δημόται qui figure dans l'inscription. Notre analyse vise à effacer la distinction entre les deux significations couramment admises, citadins/citoyens et passionnés du cirque, et à restituer aux mots δήμος et δημόται leur unité de sens : ils désignent dans tous les contextes le peuple de la cité et les citoyens qui le composent. Cette démonstration nous oblige à aborder le problème épineux des «partis du cirque» et elle aboutit à une définition structurelle du peuple de la cité, tant à Constantinople que dans d'autres grandes villes de l'Empire.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39112763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="056cf7ee703f442923ad07d65db7c9a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59232566,"asset_id":39112763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59232566/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2744620" href="https://ephe.academia.edu/ConstantinZuckerman">Constantin Zuckerman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2744620" type="text/json">{"id":2744620,"first_name":"Constantin","last_name":"Zuckerman","domain_name":"ephe","page_name":"ConstantinZuckerman","display_name":"Constantin Zuckerman","profile_url":"https://ephe.academia.edu/ConstantinZuckerman?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2744620/893674/1116638/s65_constantin.zuckerman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39112763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39112763"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39112763, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39112763", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39112763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39112763").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39112763").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39112763"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="991" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies">Late Antique and Byzantine Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="991" type="text/json">{"id":991,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10091" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies">Byzantine Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10091" type="text/json">{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11076" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11076" type="text/json">{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13890" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_History">Byzantine History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13890" type="text/json">{"id":13890,"name":"Byzantine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_History?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39112763]'), work: {"id":39112763,"title":"Le cirque, l'argent et le peuple. À propos d'une inscription du Bas-Empire","created_at":"2019-05-13T02:17:06.136-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39112763/Le_cirque_largent_et_le_peuple_%C3%80_propos_dune_inscription_du_Bas_Empire?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_39112763","summary":"What is people, populus, δήμος ? This basic question has been neglected by those who study the Late Empire's population, popular games and popular riots. The article shows that the «people» of each city comprised a distinct social stratum, not to be confused with the vague «popular masses» of heterogenous city dwellers. This essentially hereditary citizen body was defined, in particular in the two capitals, by the entitlement to free daily rations of bread and eventually of other products (annonae). The citizens/δημόται were the most ardent partisans of the circus colors — the current notion of δημόται as members of «fan clubs» or «theatre claques» is anachronistic and has no basis in the sources — and, obviously, also played an important political rôle. The article follows the changing fortunes of the citizen body of Constantinople, which dwindled from 80 000 people in the late 4th entury to well below 10 000 ca. 600 but which became better structured and more politically active. It proposes some new insights on a misinterpreted dedication from Bostra (IGLS XIII, 9129), on the rôle of the circus financial managers, the aurarii, and on the most indecent of the late antique graffiti. \na révision d'une inscription problématique, provenant de la ville de Bostra en Arabie et datée de 539/40, nous conduit à poser deux questions majeures. La première concerne les finances du théâtre et du cirque, et surtout les personnes responsables de leur gestion, les aurarii, dont le rôle est éclairé et précisé grâce aux données nouvelles. La seconde question porte sur le sens du mot δημόται qui figure dans l'inscription. Notre analyse vise à effacer la distinction entre les deux significations couramment admises, citadins/citoyens et passionnés du cirque, et à restituer aux mots δήμος et δημόται leur unité de sens : ils désignent dans tous les contextes le peuple de la cité et les citoyens qui le composent. Cette démonstration nous oblige à aborder le problème épineux des «partis du cirque» et elle aboutit à une définition structurelle du peuple de la cité, tant à Constantinople que dans d'autres grandes villes de l'Empire.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59232566,"asset_id":39112763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2744620,"first_name":"Constantin","last_name":"Zuckerman","domain_name":"ephe","page_name":"ConstantinZuckerman","display_name":"Constantin Zuckerman","profile_url":"https://ephe.academia.edu/ConstantinZuckerman?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2744620/893674/1116638/s65_constantin.zuckerman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":991,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":13890,"name":"Byzantine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_History?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":32221,"name":"Byzantine Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Epigraphy?f_ri=472886"},{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886"},{"id":92619,"name":"Late Antique Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Urbanism?f_ri=472886"},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33924678" data-work_id="33924678" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33924678/_Circus_Maximus_oder_Kolosseum_F%C3%BCr_die_R%C3%B6mer_keine_Frage_AGON_Alte_Geschichte_Online_News">"Circus Maximus oder Kolosseum: Für die Römer keine Frage." 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Postface, lexique et bio-bibliographie de Sophie Basch</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En évoquant le milieu du cirque à Liège au milieu du XIXe siècle, Xavier De Reul (1830-1895), géologue et romancier), décrit et dénonce à la fois, dans un style "coruscant", les sévices dont les forains sont victimes et le mépris qui les... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8152739" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En évoquant le milieu du cirque à Liège au milieu du XIXe siècle, Xavier De Reul (1830-1895), géologue et romancier), décrit et dénonce à la fois, dans un style "coruscant", les sévices dont les forains sont victimes et le mépris qui les accable injustement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8152739" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8ebbd4ea8da30f73750506883e0dddad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39088408,"asset_id":8152739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39088408/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12800372" href="https://sorbonne-fr.academia.edu/SophieBasch">Sophie Basch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12800372" type="text/json">{"id":12800372,"first_name":"Sophie","last_name":"Basch","domain_name":"sorbonne-fr","page_name":"SophieBasch","display_name":"Sophie Basch","profile_url":"https://sorbonne-fr.academia.edu/SophieBasch?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12800372/3637464/144196268/s65_sophie.basch.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8152739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8152739"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8152739, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8152739", }); 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In Handwörterbuch der antiken Sklaverei. Lieferung V, ed. H. Heinen et al. (Forschungen zur antiken Sklaverei, Beiheft 5.) (Stuttgart: Steiner Verlag, 2017), pp. 1862-63.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1601444" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="878e7ce8138285a4155e7f338ae3a69b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56081266,"asset_id":1601444,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56081266/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89861" href="https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell">Sinclair W Bell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89861" type="text/json">{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1601444 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1601444"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1601444, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1601444", }); 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Ancient Near East Today (November 2020) Vol. VIII, No. 11.1.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43213064" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5821f04c4d84e908dcd594506ac8d0bf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64860988,"asset_id":43213064,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64860988/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89861" href="https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell">Sinclair W Bell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89861" type="text/json">{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43213064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43213064"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43213064, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43213064", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43213064]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43213064").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43213064").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43213064"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35544" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses">Roman Circuses</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35544" type="text/json">{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="247919" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Spectacle_and_Entertainment">Roman Spectacle and Entertainment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="247919" type="text/json">{"id":247919,"name":"Roman Spectacle and Entertainment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Spectacle_and_Entertainment?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="336449" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_racing">Horse racing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="336449" type="text/json">{"id":336449,"name":"Horse racing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_racing?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="472886" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus">Roman Circus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="472886" type="text/json">{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43213064]'), work: {"id":43213064,"title":"\"The Sound and the Fury: The Passion for Chariot Racing in Imperial Rome.\" Ancient Near East Today (November 2020) Vol. VIII, No. 11.1.","created_at":"2020-05-31T08:03:22.369-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43213064/_The_Sound_and_the_Fury_The_Passion_for_Chariot_Racing_in_Imperial_Rome_Ancient_Near_East_Today_November_2020_Vol_VIII_No_11_1?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_43213064","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64860988,"asset_id":43213064,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":247919,"name":"Roman Spectacle and Entertainment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Spectacle_and_Entertainment?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":336449,"name":"Horse racing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horse_racing?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":567962,"name":"Chariot Racing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chariot_Racing?f_ri=472886"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=472886"},{"id":979519,"name":"Archaeology of Horse and Riders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Horse_and_Riders?f_ri=472886"},{"id":995690,"name":"Sports In Ancient Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_In_Ancient_Rome?f_ri=472886"},{"id":1204781,"name":"Ancient Roman Sport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_Sport?f_ri=472886"},{"id":1276701,"name":"Roman Imperial Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Imperial_Politics?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42820899" data-work_id="42820899" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42820899/_Preface_In_Sylvain_Forichon_Les_spectateurs_des_jeux_du_cirque_%C3%A0_Rome_du_Ier_si%C3%A8cle_a_C_au_VIe_si%C3%A8cle_p_C_passion_%C3%A9motions_et_manifestations_Scripta_Antiqua_133_Bordeaux_Ausonius_2021">"Preface." In Sylvain Forichon, Les spectateurs des jeux du cirque à Rome (du Ier siècle a.C. au VIe siècle p.C.): passion, émotions et manifestations. Scripta Antiqua 133. Bordeaux: Ausonius, 2021.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Book summary: "L’état de fébrilité du public lors des courses de chars de la Rome antique apparaît, à certains égards, comme un lieu commun dans de nombreux passages de la littérature ancienne parvenus jusqu’à nous. Néanmoins,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42820899" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Book summary:<br /><br />"L’état de fébrilité du public lors des courses de chars de la Rome antique apparaît, à certains égards, comme un lieu commun dans de nombreux passages de la littérature ancienne parvenus jusqu’à nous. Néanmoins, l’engouement suscité par ces spectacles à Rome, comme dans les provinces de l’Empire, est confirmé non seulement par les ruines de cirques antiques encore visibles de nos jours à Rome, et ailleurs en Europe ou en Afrique du Nord, mais aussi par un grand nombre de représentations de cochers et de chevaux sur des mosaïques, des fresques ou encore des objets dits du quotidien (manches de couteaux, lampes à huile, coupes en verre…) conservés dans plusieurs musées à travers le monde. <br /><br />Après une présentation des sources dont nous disposons sur les spectateurs des cirques romains et des difficultés d’interprétation qu’elles posent, cet ouvrage propose dans un second temps une analyse du comportement des foules dans les cirques durant les jeux, principalement à Rome, en s’appuyant aussi sur des recherches récentes concernant les réactions des supporteurs dans les stades de football de nos jours. Enfin, la dernière partie de cette étude est consacrée aux relations entretenues par les empereurs romains avec les jeux du cirque et leurs spectateurs. Elle met en évidence les nombreux intérêts, mais aussi parfois les inconvénients, que présentaient ces divertissements de masse pour le pouvoir politique dans la Rome impériale."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42820899" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad26ecf8e810f0a7ef9395ed5d210940" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65778813,"asset_id":42820899,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65778813/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89861" href="https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell">Sinclair W Bell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89861" type="text/json">{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42820899 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42820899"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42820899, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42820899", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42820899]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42820899").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42820899").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42820899"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Sport">Sociology of Sport</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="218" type="text/json">{"id":218,"name":"Sociology of Sport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Sport?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17227" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Sports_Athletics">Ancient Sports/Athletics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17227" type="text/json">{"id":17227,"name":"Ancient Sports/Athletics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Sports_Athletics?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21620" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_social_history">Roman social history</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21620" type="text/json">{"id":21620,"name":"Roman social history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_social_history?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42820899]'), work: {"id":42820899,"title":"\"Preface.\" In Sylvain Forichon, Les spectateurs des jeux du cirque à Rome (du Ier siècle a.C. au VIe siècle p.C.): passion, émotions et manifestations. Scripta Antiqua 133. Bordeaux: Ausonius, 2021.","created_at":"2020-04-22T07:38:50.062-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42820899/_Preface_In_Sylvain_Forichon_Les_spectateurs_des_jeux_du_cirque_%C3%A0_Rome_du_Ier_si%C3%A8cle_a_C_au_VIe_si%C3%A8cle_p_C_passion_%C3%A9motions_et_manifestations_Scripta_Antiqua_133_Bordeaux_Ausonius_2021?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_42820899","summary":"Book summary:\n\n\"L’état de fébrilité du public lors des courses de chars de la Rome antique apparaît, à certains égards, comme un lieu commun dans de nombreux passages de la littérature ancienne parvenus jusqu’à nous. Néanmoins, l’engouement suscité par ces spectacles à Rome, comme dans les provinces de l’Empire, est confirmé non seulement par les ruines de cirques antiques encore visibles de nos jours à Rome, et ailleurs en Europe ou en Afrique du Nord, mais aussi par un grand nombre de représentations de cochers et de chevaux sur des mosaïques, des fresques ou encore des objets dits du quotidien (manches de couteaux, lampes à huile, coupes en verre…) conservés dans plusieurs musées à travers le monde. \n\nAprès une présentation des sources dont nous disposons sur les spectateurs des cirques romains et des difficultés d’interprétation qu’elles posent, cet ouvrage propose dans un second temps une analyse du comportement des foules dans les cirques durant les jeux, principalement à Rome, en s’appuyant aussi sur des recherches récentes concernant les réactions des supporteurs dans les stades de football de nos jours. Enfin, la dernière partie de cette étude est consacrée aux relations entretenues par les empereurs romains avec les jeux du cirque et leurs spectateurs. Elle met en évidence les nombreux intérêts, mais aussi parfois les inconvénients, que présentaient ces divertissements de masse pour le pouvoir politique dans la Rome impériale.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65778813,"asset_id":42820899,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":218,"name":"Sociology of Sport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Sport?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":17227,"name":"Ancient Sports/Athletics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Sports_Athletics?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":21620,"name":"Roman social history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_social_history?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":23555,"name":"Roman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Empire?f_ri=472886"},{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886"},{"id":41881,"name":"HIstory of Sport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIstory_of_Sport?f_ri=472886"},{"id":50422,"name":"The sociology of ancient spectacle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_sociology_of_ancient_spectacle?f_ri=472886"},{"id":66983,"name":"Roman games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_games?f_ri=472886"},{"id":97412,"name":"Sport history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sport_history?f_ri=472886"},{"id":201383,"name":"Ancient Sport and Festivals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Sport_and_Festivals?f_ri=472886"},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=472886"},{"id":1720339,"name":"History of Horse Racing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Horse_Racing?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40818508 coauthored" data-work_id="40818508" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40818508/The_Roman_circus_and_southwestern_city_quarter_of_Carthage_first_results_of_a_new_international_research_project">The Roman circus and southwestern city quarter of Carthage: first results of a new international research project</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper presents first results of a joint German-Tunisian research project in Carthage, Tunisia. Archaeological fieldwork has been undertaken (preceded by a geophysical survey) in the southwestern quarter of the ancient city to study... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40818508" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper presents first results of a joint German-Tunisian research project in Carthage, Tunisia. Archaeological fieldwork has been undertaken (preceded by a geophysical survey) in the southwestern quarter of the ancient city to study the architecture, chronology and urban context of the circus. The area has, unlike the rest of Carthage, not been targeted by excavations of the late nineteenth/early twentieth centuries and, also unlike the rest of Carthage, is mostly not overbuilt, although under pressure from neighbouring communities. The area is the last one allowing a large-scale diachronic urban study in which the circus and its impact on the quarter is in the centre. From our first results, we can date the beginning of the construction of the circus to the late first century AD, with interventions in the early third century and usage continuing into the sixth. We were able to define the extension of the northern cavea and to study the western part of the spina and identify the meta at this point. Information has been obtained on early Roman, pre-circus use of the area as well as data on the Punic phases. Sixth-and seventh-century levels are also well preserved.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40818508" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5a5c8d1d506e56ea61d379131766c948" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61100897,"asset_id":40818508,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61100897/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51295057" href="https://voila.academia.edu/BoutheinaMaraouiTelmini">Boutheina Maraoui Telmini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51295057" type="text/json">{"id":51295057,"first_name":"Boutheina","last_name":"Maraoui Telmini","domain_name":"voila","page_name":"BoutheinaMaraouiTelmini","display_name":"Boutheina Maraoui Telmini","profile_url":"https://voila.academia.edu/BoutheinaMaraouiTelmini?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51295057/13589489/14749595/s65_boutheina.maraoui.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40818508">+4</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40818508"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/FrerichSch%C3%B6n">Frerich Schön</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uv.academia.edu/Iv%C3%A1nFumad%C3%B3Ortega">Iván Fumadó Ortega</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://dainst.academia.edu/StefanoCespa">Stefano Cespa</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://univ-amu.academia.edu/ElyssaJerray">Elyssa Jerray</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40818508'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40818508').html(); 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Information has been obtained on early Roman, pre-circus use of the area as well as data on the Punic phases. 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js-work-card work_214894" data-work_id="214894" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/214894/Balty_Jean_Charles_Sinclair_W_Bell_and_Frederik_Grosser_2025_In_preparation_The_Golden_Nose_of_Scorpus_Charioteer_Portraits_Public_Performance_and_Social_Infamy_in_Imperial_Rome_">Balty, Jean-Charles, Sinclair W. Bell, and Frederik Grosser. (2025/In preparation) “‘The Golden Nose of Scorpus.’ Charioteer Portraits, Public Performance, and Social Infamy in Imperial Rome.”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Because of their highly public personas but lowly origins and status, Roman charioteers were frequently the subject of bitter invective from elite authors. These authors’ outrage was magnified by many charioteers’... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_214894" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Because  of  their  highly  public  personas  but  lowly  origins  and  status,  Roman  charioteers were frequently the subject of bitter invective from elite authors. These authors’  outrage  was  magnified  by  many  charioteers’  status  as  mere  slaves.  Be-cause of their profession as public performers and the social infamy connected to the public competition for money, charioteers’ legal status has also been the subject of much scholarly discussion. According to Horsmann, the only exception to the stigma of infamia for public performers applied to Greek athletes (Die Wagenlenker der römischen Kaiserzeit [Stuttgart 1998] esp. 46f., 55f.). <br />However, Wacke and Gamauf have recently concluded on the basis of numerous passages in the Digest that participation in the races was virtutis causa and thus that charioteers were not subject to any legal restrictions (R. Gamauf, “Pro virtute certamen: Zur Bedeutung des Sports und von Wettkämpfen im klassischen römischen Recht,” in K. Harter-Uibopuu and T. Kruse (eds.), Sport und Recht in der Antike [Vienna 2014] 275–308). Wacke and Gamauf’s conclusions mark a significant reversal of the longstanding communis opinio, and open the door to analyzing a corpus of evidence related to charioteers that has largely been overlooked: portrait dedications. Literary and epigraphic sources indicate that a significant number of honorific portraits were erected by and for charioteers during the Roman imperial period, some of which were commissioned in expensive materials and sat in highly visible public spaces. Unfortunately, these portraits have largely been studied piecemeal and  thus  have  yet  to  be  integrated  into  the  larger  artistic  and  social  histories  of  the  Roman  empire.  <br />This  paper  presents  the  conclusions  of  the  first  comprehensive catalogue and analysis of the extant corpus of monuments, including portrait heads, busts, and statuary. It also includes comparison with images in other media (graffiti, grave altars, and sarcophagi) and draws upon the literary and epigraphic sources to offer the fullest reconstruction possible. As we argue, the study of these works as a collective not only yields new insights into their source materials, fine craftsmanship, and public contexts of display, but also  informs  our  understanding  of  the  social  and  legal  status  of  their  dedicants,  who occupied positions at once of social glory and disrepute. Only by turning to charioteers’ own monuments, together with our new understanding of their legal status, can we reconstruct some measure of their lived reality as historical actors as well as their self-understanding as a group.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/214894" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89861" href="https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell">Sinclair W Bell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89861" type="text/json">{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_214894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="214894"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 214894, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_214894", }); 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Bell, and Frederik Grosser. (2025/In preparation) “‘The Golden Nose of Scorpus.’ Charioteer Portraits, Public Performance, and Social Infamy in Imperial Rome.”","created_at":"2010-02-15T09:09:27.764-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/214894/Balty_Jean_Charles_Sinclair_W_Bell_and_Frederik_Grosser_2025_In_preparation_The_Golden_Nose_of_Scorpus_Charioteer_Portraits_Public_Performance_and_Social_Infamy_in_Imperial_Rome_?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_214894","summary":"Because of their highly public personas but lowly origins and status, Roman charioteers were frequently the subject of bitter invective from elite authors. These authors’ outrage was magnified by many charioteers’ status as mere slaves. Be-cause of their profession as public performers and the social infamy connected to the public competition for money, charioteers’ legal status has also been the subject of much scholarly discussion. According to Horsmann, the only exception to the stigma of infamia for public performers applied to Greek athletes (Die Wagenlenker der römischen Kaiserzeit [Stuttgart 1998] esp. 46f., 55f.). \nHowever, Wacke and Gamauf have recently concluded on the basis of numerous passages in the Digest that participation in the races was virtutis causa and thus that charioteers were not subject to any legal restrictions (R. Gamauf, “Pro virtute certamen: Zur Bedeutung des Sports und von Wettkämpfen im klassischen römischen Recht,” in K. Harter-Uibopuu and T. Kruse (eds.), Sport und Recht in der Antike [Vienna 2014] 275–308). Wacke and Gamauf’s conclusions mark a significant reversal of the longstanding communis opinio, and open the door to analyzing a corpus of evidence related to charioteers that has largely been overlooked: portrait dedications. Literary and epigraphic sources indicate that a significant number of honorific portraits were erected by and for charioteers during the Roman imperial period, some of which were commissioned in expensive materials and sat in highly visible public spaces. Unfortunately, these portraits have largely been studied piecemeal and thus have yet to be integrated into the larger artistic and social histories of the Roman empire. \nThis paper presents the conclusions of the first comprehensive catalogue and analysis of the extant corpus of monuments, including portrait heads, busts, and statuary. It also includes comparison with images in other media (graffiti, grave altars, and sarcophagi) and draws upon the literary and epigraphic sources to offer the fullest reconstruction possible. As we argue, the study of these works as a collective not only yields new insights into their source materials, fine craftsmanship, and public contexts of display, but also informs our understanding of the social and legal status of their dedicants, who occupied positions at once of social glory and disrepute. Only by turning to charioteers’ own monuments, together with our new understanding of their legal status, can we reconstruct some measure of their lived reality as historical actors as well as their self-understanding as a group. 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Les cirques, les stades, les théâtres, les odéons et les amphithéâtres, édifices de spectacle qui autrefois contribuaient à embellir les villes du monde romain, se fondent ou se... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40777432" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Invitation du Service Culturel de Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon.<br /><br />Les cirques, les stades, les théâtres, les odéons et les amphithéâtres, édifices de spectacle qui autrefois contribuaient à embellir les villes du<br />monde romain, se fondent ou se dissimulent aujourd’hui dans nos paysages urbains et ruraux.<br />Héritiers des modèles grecs ou innovations de l’architecture romaine, ces monuments qui se distinguent par leurs fonctions et leurs configurations différentes, livrent chacun une histoire qui leur est propre.<br />Les plus célèbres sont assurément ceux de Rome mais bien d’autres villes notamment en Gaule ont conservé leurs édifices de spectacle, symboles de leur prospérité durant l’Antiquité. Tel est le cas de Lugdunum dont les monuments antiques constituent de précieux témoignages de grandeur et de richesse.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40777432" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="28ab465e3ccbabf99471a0f7f7eedf71" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61057588,"asset_id":40777432,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61057588/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3879964" href="https://inrap.academia.edu/CarolineLefebvre">Caroline Lefebvre</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3879964" type="text/json">{"id":3879964,"first_name":"Caroline","last_name":"Lefebvre","domain_name":"inrap","page_name":"CarolineLefebvre","display_name":"Caroline Lefebvre","profile_url":"https://inrap.academia.edu/CarolineLefebvre?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3879964/1432984/41888498/s65_caroline.lefebvre.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40777432 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40777432"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40777432, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40777432", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40777432]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40777432").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40777432").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40777432"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35543" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Amphitheater">Roman Amphitheater</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35543" type="text/json">{"id":35543,"name":"Roman Amphitheater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Amphitheater?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40134" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Gaul">Roman Gaul</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40134" type="text/json">{"id":40134,"name":"Roman Gaul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Gaul?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48438" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_theatre">Roman theatre</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48438" type="text/json">{"id":48438,"name":"Roman theatre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_theatre?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture_and_Urbanism">Roman Architecture and Urbanism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="98823" type="text/json">{"id":98823,"name":"Roman Architecture and Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture_and_Urbanism?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40777432]'), work: {"id":40777432,"title":"Conférence le 21 novembre 2019 à Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon : \"Les édifices de spectacle à Lyon et dans le monde romain\".","created_at":"2019-10-29T07:09:30.671-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40777432/Conf%C3%A9rence_le_21_novembre_2019_%C3%A0_Sainte_Foy_l%C3%A8s_Lyon_Les_%C3%A9difices_de_spectacle_%C3%A0_Lyon_et_dans_le_monde_romain_?f_ri=472886","dom_id":"work_40777432","summary":"Invitation du Service Culturel de Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon.\n\nLes cirques, les stades, les théâtres, les odéons et les amphithéâtres, édifices de spectacle qui autrefois contribuaient à embellir les villes du\nmonde romain, se fondent ou se dissimulent aujourd’hui dans nos paysages urbains et ruraux.\nHéritiers des modèles grecs ou innovations de l’architecture romaine, ces monuments qui se distinguent par leurs fonctions et leurs configurations différentes, livrent chacun une histoire qui leur est propre.\nLes plus célèbres sont assurément ceux de Rome mais bien d’autres villes notamment en Gaule ont conservé leurs édifices de spectacle, symboles de leur prospérité durant l’Antiquité. Tel est le cas de Lugdunum dont les monuments antiques constituent de précieux témoignages de grandeur et de richesse.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61057588,"asset_id":40777432,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3879964,"first_name":"Caroline","last_name":"Lefebvre","domain_name":"inrap","page_name":"CarolineLefebvre","display_name":"Caroline Lefebvre","profile_url":"https://inrap.academia.edu/CarolineLefebvre?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3879964/1432984/41888498/s65_caroline.lefebvre.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35543,"name":"Roman Amphitheater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Amphitheater?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":40134,"name":"Roman Gaul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Gaul?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":48438,"name":"Roman theatre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_theatre?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":98823,"name":"Roman Architecture and Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture_and_Urbanism?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false},{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=472886"},{"id":114871,"name":"Theater and Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theater_and_Circus?f_ri=472886"},{"id":138683,"name":"Lyon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lyon?f_ri=472886"},{"id":472886,"name":"Roman Circus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circus?f_ri=472886"},{"id":499239,"name":"Gaule romaine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaule_romaine?f_ri=472886"},{"id":645383,"name":"Lugdunum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lugdunum?f_ri=472886"},{"id":669794,"name":"Architecture Romaine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture_Romaine?f_ri=472886"},{"id":1919197,"name":"Monde Romain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monde_Romain?f_ri=472886"},{"id":2352640,"name":"Théâtre romain antique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_romain_antique?f_ri=472886"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31717878" data-work_id="31717878" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31717878/Omnivm_agitatorvm_eminentissimvs_L_iconografia_dell_auriga_vittorioso_su_una_matrice_da_Agrigento_Tarraco_Biennal_3r_Congr%C3%A9s_Internacional_d_Arqueologia_i_M%C3%B3n_Antic_La_gl%C3%B2ria_del_circ_curses_de_carros_i_competicions_circenses_16_19_novembre_2016_Tarragona">Omnivm agitatorvm eminentissimvs. L’iconografia dell’auriga vittorioso su una matrice da Agrigento, Tarraco Biennal.3r Congrés Internacional d’Arqueologia i Món Antic La glòria del circ: curses de carros i competicions circenses. 16-19 novembre 2016 Tarragona</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31717878" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bf3257adb6fc290614254127cbf06474" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52030877,"asset_id":31717878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic_and_the_Occult_Anthropology_Of_Religion_">Magic and the Occult (Anthropology Of Religion)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19990" type="text/json">{"id":19990,"name":"Magic and the Occult (Anthropology Of Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magic_and_the_Occult_Anthropology_Of_Religion_?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24185" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Witchcraft_Religion_and_Magic">Witchcraft, Religion and Magic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24185" type="text/json">{"id":24185,"name":"Witchcraft, Religion and Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Witchcraft_Religion_and_Magic?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25416" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Ritual_and_Magic">Archaeology of Ritual and Magic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25416" type="text/json">{"id":25416,"name":"Archaeology of Ritual and Magic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Ritual_and_Magic?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35544" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses">Roman Circuses</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35544" type="text/json">{"id":35544,"name":"Roman Circuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Circuses?f_ri=472886","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6538356]'), work: {"id":6538356,"title":"Florent Heintz, Agonistic Magic in the Late Antique Circus, PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 1999, part 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href="https://www.academia.edu/44788086/Un_public_ou_des_publics_La_r%C3%A9ception_des_spectacles_dans_le_monde_romain_entre_pluralit%C3%A9_et_unanimit%C3%A9_edited_by_Sinclair_W_Bell_Anne_Berlan_Gallant_and_Sylvain_Forichon_Bordeaux_Ausonius_Editions_2024">Un public ou des publics? La réception des spectacles dans le monde romain entre pluralité et unanimité, edited by Sinclair W. Bell, Anne Berlan-Gallant, and Sylvain Forichon. Bordeaux: Ausonius Editions, 2024.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Spectacles in the Roman Empire (athletic competitions, scenic games, gladiatorial fights, and circus races) brought together generally heterogeneous crowds including, among others, magistrates, senators, knights, plebeians, slaves, women,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44788086" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Spectacles in the Roman Empire (athletic competitions, scenic games, gladiatorial fights, and circus races) brought together generally heterogeneous crowds including, among others, magistrates, senators, knights, plebeians, slaves, women, and children. But did all layers of Roman society have easy access to the spectator stands? Did they experience these entertainments under the same conditions? Did they respond to them with the same emotions and sensations? To what extent did the composition of the provincial public differ from those of Rome? These are the central questions raised by the authors of this book who answer them by drawing upon all the available sources of evidence: graffiti, inscriptions, literature, iconography, and archaeological finds. Each contribution investigates different categories of the public and produces a finer and more nuanced understanding of Roman spectators and their diverse reception of the performances in Antiquity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44788086" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f621dc428b099f60fa4472a0aeacace5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":113811666,"asset_id":44788086,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113811666/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTkzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89861" href="https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell">Sinclair W Bell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89861" type="text/json">{"id":89861,"first_name":"Sinclair","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"SinclairBell","display_name":"Sinclair W Bell","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/SinclairBell?f_ri=472886","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89861/164888/33048674/s65_sinclair.bell.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-44788086">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-44788086"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://umiess.academia.edu/SylvainForichon">Sylvain Forichon</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-44788086'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-44788086').html(); 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Did they respond to them with the same emotions and sensations? To what extent did the composition of the provincial public differ from those of Rome? These are the central questions raised by the authors of this book who answer them by drawing upon all the available sources of evidence: graffiti, inscriptions, literature, iconography, and archaeological finds. 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