CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Guangdong - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5f24863b-3337-47f4-9891-57c364047315","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Guangdong","wgTitle":"Guangdong","wgCurRevisionId":1258700298,"wgRevisionId":1258700298,"wgArticleId":65109,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Webarchive template wayback links","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)","CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)","Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)","CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)","Articles containing Chinese-language text", "Webarchive template other archives","CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from May 2021","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list","Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text","Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text","Articles containing Portuguese-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from February 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008","Articles needing additional references from July 2014","All articles needing additional references","Guangdong","South China","Gulf of Tonkin","Pearl River Delta", "Provinces of the People's Republic of China"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Guangdong","wgRelevantArticleId":65109,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":23.4,"lon":113.5},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q15175","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready", "ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg/1200px-China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg/800px-China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg/640px-China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="360"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Guangdong - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Guangdong rootpage-Guangdong skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Guangdong" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Guangdong" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Guangdong" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Guangdong" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Imperial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_and_technological_development_zones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_and_technological_development_zones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Economic and technological development zones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_and_technological_development_zones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urbanization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Urbanization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genealogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genealogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Genealogy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genealogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages_and_ethnicities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages_and_ethnicities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Languages and ethnicities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages_and_ethnicities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender_ratio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_ratio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Gender ratio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender_ratio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dissent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dissent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Dissent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Hong_Kong_and_Macau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Hong_Kong_and_Macau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Relations with Hong Kong and Macau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Hong_Kong_and_Macau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_/_Double_First-Class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_/_Double_First-Class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>National / Double First-Class</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_/_Double_First-Class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>Provincial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Urban areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guangdong</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 111 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA" title="غوانغدونغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوانغدونغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%82" title="কুয়াংতুং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুয়াংতুং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%84g-tang-s%C3%A9ng" title="Kńg-tang-séng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kńg-tang-séng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="गुआंग्डोंग – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गुआंग्डोंग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀོང་ཏུང་ཞིང་ཆེན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀོང་ཏུང་ཞིང་ཆེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong_Sheng" title="Guangdong Sheng – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Guangdong Sheng" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuang-tung" title="Kuang-tung – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kuang-tung" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Γκουανγκντόνγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκουανγκντόνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_de_Cant%C3%B3n" title="Provincia de Cantón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincia de Cantón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%ADangdongo" title="Gŭangdongo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gŭangdongo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گوانگ‌دونگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوانگ‌دونگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_de_Cant%C3%B3n" title="Provincia de Cantón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Provincia de Cantón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1" title="廣東 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="廣東" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-t%C3%BBng" title="Kóng-tûng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kóng-tûng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%91%A5%EC%84%B1" title="광둥성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광둥성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գուանդուն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գուանդուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="गुआंगदोंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुआंगदोंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinco_Guangdong" title="Provinco Guangdong – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Provinco Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="גואנגדונג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גואנגדונג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გუანდუნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გუანდუნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantunia" title="Quantunia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quantunia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanduna" title="Guanduna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Guanduna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdongas" title="Guangdongas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Guangdongas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuangtung" title="Kuangtung – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kuangtung" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Гуангдонг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гуангдонг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗ്വാങ്‌ഡോങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്വാങ്‌ഡോങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="क्वांगतोंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्वांगतोंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გუანდუნი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გუანდუნი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC" title="جوانجدونج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوانجدونج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گوانگ‌دونگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گوانگ‌دونگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯒ꯭ꯋꯥꯡꯗꯣꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒ꯭ꯋꯥꯡꯗꯣꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C5%8Dng-d%C4%95%CC%A4ng" title="Guōng-dĕ̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guōng-dĕ̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6" title="Гуандун муж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гуандун муж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ကွမ်တုန်းပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွမ်တုန်းပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%99" title="ग्वाङदोङ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्वाङदोङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%83%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" title="広東省 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="広東省" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guandun" title="Guandun – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Guandun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97" title="ਗੁਆਂਗਦੋਂਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਆਂਗਦੋਂਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گوانگڈونگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گوانگڈونگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84" title="ក្វាងតុង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្វាងតុង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%A3o_(prov%C3%ADncia)" title="Cantão (província) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cantão (província)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gua%C3%B1du%C3%B1" title="Guañduñ – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Guañduñ" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong_puruwinsiya" title="Guangdong puruwinsiya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Guangdong puruwinsiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88" title="گوئينگڊانگ صوبو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گوئينگڊانگ صوبو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گوانگدۆنگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوانگدۆنگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdung" title="Guangdung – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Guangdung" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propinsi_Guangdong" title="Propinsi Guangdong – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Propinsi Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="குவாங்டொங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவாங்டொங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="มณฑลกวางตุ้ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มณฑลกวางตุ้ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Гуандун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуандун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گوانگڈونگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گوانگڈونگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%87%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AD_%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%84%D9%83%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="گۇئاڭدوڭ ئۆلكىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گۇئاڭدوڭ ئۆلكىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvangjdungh" title="Gvangjdungh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gvangjdungh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Quảng Đông – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quảng Đông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouangdong" title="Gouangdong – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gouangdong" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" title="廣東省 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="廣東省" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guangdong" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81" title="广东省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="广东省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1" title="廣東 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="廣東" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81" title="广东省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="广东省" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton" title="Canton – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Canton" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwitang_(Tiongkok)" title="Kwitang (Tiongkok) – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kwitang (Tiongkok)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15175#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Guangdong" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Guangdong" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Guangdong" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&oldid=1258700298" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Guangdong&id=1258700298&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGuangdong"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGuangdong"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Guangdong&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Guangdong" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Guangdong" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15175" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guangdong&params=23.4_N_113.5_E_type:adm1st_region:CN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°24′N</span> <span class="longitude">113°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.4°N 113.5°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.4; 113.5</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Southern province of China</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Guangdong</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">广东</span></span></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Canton, Kwangtung</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Chinese transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">广东省</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu pinyin">Hanyu pinyin</a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Guǎngdōng shěng</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Cantonese Jyutping</a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="yue-Latn">gwong2 dung1 saang2</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">Abbreviation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">GD / <span lang="zh-hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B2%A4#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:粤">粤</a></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yuè</i></span> / <span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="yue-Latn">jyut6</i></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:77px;max-width:77px"><div style="border:1;;height:112px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton_Tower_20220626_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/75px-Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/113px-Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/150px-Canton_Tower_20220626_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1672" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:201px;max-width:201px"><div style="border:1;;height:112px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg/199px-China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg/299px-China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg/398px-China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3940" data-file-height="2216" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="border:1;;height:96px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_(Zhuhai_section).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg/129px-Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg/194px-Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg/258px-Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge_%28Zhuhai_section%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="border:1;;height:96px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huangmanzhai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/145px-Huangmanzhai.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/218px-Huangmanzhai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/290px-Huangmanzhai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="border:1;;height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/278px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/417px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/556px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4982" data-file-height="1833" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top to bottom, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Canton_Tower" title="Canton Tower">Canton Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenzhen Bay">Shenzhen Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge" title="Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge">Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huangmanzhai_waterfalls" title="Huangmanzhai waterfalls">Huangmanzhai Waterfall</a>, Taishan Xiachuan Island</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangdong_in_China_(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Guangdong Province"><img alt="Map showing the location of Guangdong Province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/275px-Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/413px-Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/550px-Guangdong_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map showing the location of Guangdong Province</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guangdong&params=23.4_N_113.5_E_type:adm1st_region:CN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°24′N</span> <span class="longitude">113°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.4°N 113.5°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.4; 113.5</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Abbreviated from "<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Guǎngnándōng Lù</i></span>" (A "<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">lù</i></span>" (often translated "<a href="/wiki/Circuit_(administrative_division)" title="Circuit (administrative division)">Circuit</a>") was equal to a province or a state in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song China</a>)</li><li>literally, "At the East of the Expanse" (<a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> being the West)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Capital</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(and largest city)</span></li></ul></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Divisions</li><li> – <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level</a></li><li> – <a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">County-level</a></li><li> – <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">Township-|level</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of administrative divisions of Guangdong">21 prefectures</a></li><li>122 counties</li><li>1609 towns and subdistricts</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_Provincial_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong Provincial People's Congress (page does not exist)">Guangdong Provincial People's Congress</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" class="extiw" title="zh:廣東省人民代表大會">zh</a>]</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_Secretary_of_Guangdong" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party Secretary of Guangdong">Party Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Huang_Kunming" title="Huang Kunming">Huang Kunming</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Congress Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Huang_Chuping_(politician)" title="Huang Chuping (politician)">Huang Chuping</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Guangdong" title="Governor of Guangdong">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Weizhong" title="Wang Weizhong">Wang Weizhong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Provincial <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lin_Keqing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lin Keqing (page does not exist)">Lin Keqing</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> Representation</th><td class="infobox-data">169 deputies</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mofcom_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mofcom-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">179,800 km<sup>2</sup> (69,400 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_area" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by area">15th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Shikengkong" title="Shikengkong">Shikengkong</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,902 m (6,240 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-stats.gov.cn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stats.gov.cn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">126,012,510</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">700/km<sup>2</sup> (1,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China#List_of_provincial_level_divisions" title="Provinces of China">7th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a>, Guangdongese<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-GDPdata_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPdata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CN%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="CN¥">CN¥</a> 13.57 trillion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">1st</a>) <br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 1.93 trillion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 106,986 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">7th</a>) <br />US$ 15,182</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CN-GD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.813<sup id="cite_ref-SHDI_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHDI-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI">6th</a>) – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">very high</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gd.gov.cn/">www<wbr />.gd<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15175#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Guangdong</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangdong_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/115px-Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/173px-Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/230px-Guangdong_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="578" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Guangdong" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">广东</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">廣東</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kwangtung</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Eastern Expanse"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ac\/Zh-Guangdong.ogg\/Zh-Guangdong.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Gu\u01cengd\u014dng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Guangdong.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Zh-Guangdong.ogg/Zh-Guangdong.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Guǎngdōng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Guangdong.ogg" title="File:Zh-Guangdong.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄍㄨㄤˇ   ㄉㄨㄥ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Goangdong</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Kuang<sup>3</sup>-tung<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Guǎngdong</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Gwǎngdūng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Guǎngdūng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[kwàŋ.tʊ́ŋ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">kuaon ton (T2)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span>Gong<sup>3</sup>dung<sup>1</sup></span></li><li><i>or</i></li><li>Kóng-tûng</li></ul></div></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Gwóngdùng</li><li><i>or</i></li><li>Gwóngdūng</li></ul></div></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">gwong2 dung1</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization" title="Guangdong Romanization">Canton Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span>Guong<sup>2</sup>-dung<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[kʷɔŋ˧˥.tʊŋ˥˧]</a></span></li><li><i>or</i></li><li><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[kʷɔŋ˧˥.tʊŋ˥]</a></span></li></ul></div></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">other Yue</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishanese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Kwong˧˥ tung˥</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Kńg-tang</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Kńg-tang</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a> Romanization</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Kèng-dang</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Min" title="Leizhou Min">Leizhou</a> Romanization</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Gèng-tang</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Dong Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="cdo-Latn">Guōng-dĕ̤ng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Late Middle Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ltc-Latn">kwang<sup>X</sup> tung</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Abbreviation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">粤</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">粵</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">[an ancient name for southern China's <a href="/wiki/Baiyue" title="Baiyue">Baiyue</a>]</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yuè</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄩㄝˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yueh</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Yüeh<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yuè</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Ywè</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yuè</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ɥê]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn"><span>Yet<sup>6</sup></span> <i>or</i> Ye̍t</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Yuht</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">jyut6</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization" title="Guangdong Romanization">Canton Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span>Yüd<sup>6</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[jyt̚˨]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">other Yue</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishanese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Yut ˨</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Oa̍t</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Ua̍t</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Min" title="Leizhou Min">Leizhou</a> Romanization</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">O̍et</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Guangdong</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">previously romanized</a> as <b>Kwangtung</b> or <b>Canton</b>, is a coastal <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">province</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South China</a>, on the north shore of the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SNA2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNA2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provincial capital is <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>. With a population of 126.84<span class="nowrap"> </span>million (as of 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-data2022_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data2022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> across a total area of about 179,800 km<sup>2</sup> (69,400 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-mofcom_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mofcom-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangdong is <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">China's most populous province</a> and its <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_area" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by area">15th-largest</a> by area, as well as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_first-level_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of first-level administrative divisions by population">third-most populous country subdivision in the world</a>. </p><p>Guangdong's economy is the largest of any <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">provincial-level division</a> in China, with a GDP of 13.57 trillion <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">RMB</a> ($1.9 trillion in GDP nominal) in 2023, contributing approximately 10.6% of mainland China's economic output. It has a diversified economy, and was known as the starting point of ancient China's <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Silk_Road" title="Maritime Silk Road">Maritime Silk Road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is home to the production facilities and offices of a wide-ranging set of Chinese and foreign corporations. Guangdong has benefited from its proximity to the financial hub of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, which it borders to the south. Guangdong also hosts the largest import and export fair in China, the <a href="/wiki/Canton_Fair" title="Canton Fair">Canton Fair</a>, in Guangzhou. The <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" title="Pearl River Delta Economic Zone">Pearl River Delta Economic Zone</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Chinese megalopolis</a>, is a core for <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">foreign trade</a>. In this zone are two of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_city_tier_system" title="Chinese city tier system">four top Chinese cities</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_prefecture-level_cities_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese prefecture-level cities by GDP">top two Chinese prefecture-level cities by GDP</a>: Guangzhou and <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">special economic zone</a> in the country. These two are among China's most populous and important cities, and have become two of the world's most populous <a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">megacities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">leading financial centres</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-GFCI_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFCI-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guangdong surpassed <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> to become China's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">most populous province</a> in January 2005, registering 79.1 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year;<sup id="cite_ref-English_people.com.cn_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_people.com.cn-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chinadaily.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chinadaily.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the total population was 126,012,510 in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020 Chinese census</a>, accounting for 8.93 percent of <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>'s population.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2020_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2020-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makes it the most populous first-level administrative subdivision of any country outside <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. The vast majority of the historical Guangdong Province is administered by the People's Republic of China (PRC). <a href="/wiki/Pratas_Island" title="Pratas Island">Pratas Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> is part of <a href="/wiki/Cijin_District" title="Cijin District">Cijin District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (ROC); the island was part of Guangdong Province before the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the unification of <a href="/wiki/Lingnan" title="Lingnan">Lingnan</a> region during the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a>, immigrants from the <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plains</a> moved in and formed a <a href="/wiki/Lingnan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan culture">local culture</a> with a unique style. With the outward movement of the <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Guangdong people</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guangdong" title="Music of Guangdong">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">opera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gongfu_tea_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Gongfu tea ceremony">tea ceremony</a> have spread throughout the nation, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, and other countries. Guangdong was also the birthplace of the father of modern China and the founder of the Republic of China, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>. He declared a <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_in_Guangzhou" title="Government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou">military government</a> there in the <a href="/wiki/Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">Warlord Era</a>. The two <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> fall within the scope of Guangdong's cultural influence, and its culture still has profound influences on the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Singaporeans" title="Chinese Singaporeans">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Malaysia</a>, with the vast majority of the Chinese diaspora in the two countries claiming ancestry from Guangdong. </p><p>Guangdong is also one of the leading provinces in research and education in China. It hosts 160 <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Guangdong" title="List of universities and colleges in Guangdong">institutions of higher education</a>, ranking first in the <a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central China</a> region and second among all Chinese provinces/municipalities, after <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2023, two major cities in the province ranked in the world's top <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">20 cities</a> (Guangzhou 8th and Shenzhen 19th) by scientific research output.<sup id="cite_ref-nature.com_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<i>Guǎng</i>" (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">廣</span>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">广</span>) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "<i>Guang</i>" ultimately came from Guangxin (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E4%BF%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:廣信">廣信</a></span>; <span lang="zh-Hans">广信</span>), an outpost established in <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> near modern <a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a>, whose name is a reference to an order by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu of Han</a> to "widely bestow favors and sow trust". Together, Guangdong and Guangxi are called <i><a href="/wiki/Liangguang" title="Liangguang">Loeng gwong</a></i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">兩廣</span>; <span lang="zh-Hans">两广</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">liǎng guǎng</span></i>) During the Song dynasty, the Two Guangs were formally separated as <i>Guǎngnán Dōnglù</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">廣南東路</span>; <span lang="zh-Hans">广南东路</span>; 'East <a href="/wiki/Circuit_(administrative_division)" title="Circuit (administrative division)">Circuit</a> in Southern Guang') and <i>Guǎngnán Xīlù</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">廣南西路</span>; <span lang="zh-Hans">广南西路</span>; 'West <a href="/wiki/Circuit_(administrative_division)" title="Circuit (administrative division)">Circuit</a> in Southern Guang'), which became abbreviated as <i>Guǎngdōng Lù</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">廣東路</span>; <span lang="zh-Hans">广东路</span>) and <i>Guǎngxī Lù</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">廣西路</span>; <span lang="zh-Hans">广西路</span>). </p><p>"Canton", though etymologically derived from <i><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Cantão</i></span></i> (the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> of "Guangdong"), usually by itself refers to the provincial capital <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, Canton was also used for the province itself,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but often either specified as a province (e.g. Canton Province),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or written as <i>Kwangtung</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> system and now most commonly as <i>Guangdong</i> in <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local people of the city of <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> (Canton) and their language are called <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a> in English. Because of the prestige of <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a> and its accent, Cantonese can also be used, in a wider sense, for the phylogenetically related residents and Chinese dialects outside the provincial capital.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg/220px-Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg/330px-Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg/440px-Kwangtung_Provincial_Government.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>Kwangtung Provincial Government of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%9349)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912–49)">Republic of China</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> era began in the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">珠江三角洲</span></span>) 7,000 years before present (BP), with the early period from around 7000 to 5000 BP (c. 5050–3050 BC), and the late period from about 5000 to 3500 BP (c. 3050–1550 BC). In coastal Guangdong, the Neolithic was likely introduced from the middle Yangtze River area (Jiao 2013). In inland Guangdong, the neolithic appeared in Guangdong 4,600 years before present (BP). The Neolithic in northern inland Guangdong is represented by the Shixia culture (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">石峽文化</span></span>), which occurred from 4600 to 4200 BP (c. 2650–2250 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial">Imperial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Imperial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally inhabited by a mixture of tribal groups known to the Chinese as the <a href="/wiki/Baiyue" title="Baiyue">Baiyue</a> ("Hundred Yue"), the region first became part of China during the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a>. Under the Qin Dynasty, Chinese administration began and along with it reliable historical records in the region. After establishing the first <a href="/wiki/Qin%27s_wars_of_unification" title="Qin's wars of unification">unified Chinese empire</a>, the Qin expanded southwards and set up <a href="/wiki/Nanhai_Commandery" title="Nanhai Commandery">Nanhai Commandery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a>, near what is now part of Guangzhou. The region was an independent kingdom as <a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Nanyue</a> between the fall of Qin and the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu of Han</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> administered Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam as <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_(region)" title="Jiaozhou (region)">Jiaozhi Province</a>; southernmost Jiaozhi Province was used as a gateway for traders from the west—as far away as the Roman Empire. Under the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Wu Kingdom</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period, Guangdong was made its own province, the Guang Province, in 226 CE.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Canton was a prosperous port city along a tropical frontier region beset by disease and wild animals, but rich in oranges, <a href="/wiki/Banyan" title="Banyan">banyan</a>, bananas, and <a href="/wiki/Lychee" title="Lychee">lychee</a> fruits. They traded slaves, silk and <a href="/wiki/Chinaware" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinaware">chinaware</a> with <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmans">Brahmans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays</a> in exchange for their renowned medicines and fragrant tropical woods. <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a Muslims">Shi'a Muslims</a> who had fled persecution in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a> from India lived side by side in the thriving town each erecting their own houses of worship. A foreign quarter sprang up along the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">river</a> where many traders of diverse backgrounds including Arabs and <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Singhalese</a> took up residence.<sup id="cite_ref-University_of_California_Press_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_California_Press-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The port's importance declined after it was raided by Arabs and Persians in 758 and the foreign residents were at times troubled by the corrupt local officials, sometimes responding violently. During one incident in 684, for example, a merchant vessel's captain murdered a corrupt governor who had used his position to steal from the merchant.<sup id="cite_ref-University_of_California_Press_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_California_Press-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Together with <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, Guangdong was made part of <a href="/wiki/Lingnan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan culture">Lingnan</a> Circuit (political division Circuit), or Mountain-South Circuit, in 627 during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>. The Guangdong part of Lingnan Circuit was renamed <a href="/wiki/Guangnan_East_Circuit" title="Guangnan East Circuit">Guangnan East Circuit</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">廣南東路</span></span>) in 971 during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279). "Guangnan East" (<span lang="zh-Hant">廣南東</span>) is the source of the name "Guangdong" (<span lang="zh-Hant">廣東</span>; <span lang="zh-Hans">广东</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 227">: 227 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg/220px-Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg/330px-Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg/440px-Dim_Sum_Breakfast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Cantonese food</figcaption></figure> <p>As time passed, the demographics of what is now Guangdong gradually shifted to (<a href="/wiki/Han_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Han people">Han</a>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Chinese dominance as the populations intermingled due to commerce along the great canals. From the fall of the Han dynasty onwards, it shifted more abruptly through massive migration from <a href="/wiki/Northern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern China">the north</a> during periods of political turmoil and nomadic incursions. For example, internal strife in northern China following <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="An Lushan Rebellion">the rebellion</a> of <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan" title="An Lushan">An Lushan</a> resulted in a 75% increase in the population of Guangzhou prefecture between the 740s–750s and 800s–810s.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As more migrants arrived, the local population was gradually <a href="/wiki/Sinicization" title="Sinicization">assimilated to Han Chinese culture</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or displaced. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty">Mongols</a> from the north engaged in their <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_China" title="Mongol conquest of China">conquest of China</a> in the 13th century, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song">Southern Song</a> court fled southwards from its capital in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>. The defeat of the Southern Song court by Mongol naval forces in The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yamen" title="Battle of Yamen">Battle of Yamen</a> 1279 in Guangdong marked the end of the Southern Song dynasty (960–1279).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Mongol <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>, large parts of current Guangdong belonged to <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its present name, "Guangdong Province" was given in early <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. </p><p>Since the 16th century, Guangdong has had extensive trade links with the rest of the world. European merchants coming northwards via the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Malacca">Straits of Malacca</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> and British, traded extensively through Guangzhou. <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, on the southern coast of Guangdong, was the first European settlement in 1557.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Opium_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Opium trade">opium traded</a> through Guangzhou triggered the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a>, opening an era of Western imperialists' incursion and intervention in China. In addition to <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a>, which was then a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese colony</a>, Hong Kong was ceded to the British, and <a href="/wiki/Leased_Territory_of_Guangzhouwan" title="Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan">Kouang-Tchéou-Wan</a> (modern day area of <a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a>) to the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province,_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/220px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/440px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B1%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B_China_Guangdong_Province%2C_Jiangmen_City_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Jiangmen beaches, Guangdong</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the large number of people that emigrated out of the Guangdong province, and in particular the ease of immigration from Hong Kong to other parts of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> (later <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commonwealth">British Commonwealth</a>), many overseas Chinese communities have their origins in Guangdong and/or Cantonese culture. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a> dialects have proportionately more speakers among overseas Chinese people than Mandarin-speaking Chinese. Additionally, many Taishanese-speaking Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">emigrated</a> to Western countries, with the results that many Western versions of Chinese words were derived from the Cantonese dialects rather than through the mainstream Mandarin language, such as "<a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">dim sum</a>". Some Mandarin Chinese words originally of foreign origin also came from the original foreign language by way of Cantonese. For example, the Mandarin word <i><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">níngméng</i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">柠檬</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">檸檬</span>), meaning "Lemon", came from Cantonese, in which the characters are pronounced as <i><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">lìng mung</i></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, there is a large number of Chinese who are descendants of immigrants from the <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a> (Toisan in Cantonese), who speak a distinctive dialect related to Cantonese called <a href="/wiki/Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishanese</a> (or Toishanese). </p><p>During the 1850s, the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Heavenly_Kingdom" title="Taiping Heavenly Kingdom">Taiping Heavenly Kingdom</a>, whose leader <a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong Xiuquan</a> was born in Guangdong and received a pamphlet from a Protestant Christian missionary in Guangdong, was allied with a local Guangdong <a href="/wiki/Red_Turban_Rebellion_(1854%E2%80%931856)" title="Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)">Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)</a>. Because of direct contact with the West, Guangdong was the centre of anti-Manchu and anti-imperialist activity. The generally acknowledged founder of modern China, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>, was also from Guangdong. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the early 1920s of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, Guangdong was the staging area for the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT) to prepare for the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Expedition_(1926%E2%80%931927)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Expedition (1926–1927)">Northern Expedition</a>, an effort to bring the various <a href="/wiki/Warlord_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Warlord era">warlords</a> of China back under a unified central government. The <a href="/wiki/Whampoa_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Whampoa Military Academy">Whampoa Military Academy</a> was built near Guangzhou to train military commanders. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/410px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="410" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/615px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg/820px-%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%BE_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4982" data-file-height="1833" /></a><figcaption>Taishan Xiachuan Island, Guangdong</figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> Guangdong became one of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a>'s final footholds in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>, with Guangzhou temporarily serving as the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>'s provisional capitol. The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> seized control of the province after the <a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> administration issued harsh taxes, requisitioning between 22 and 60 percent of grain annually. However, the local party boss Fang Fang tried to moderate <a href="/wiki/Land_Reform_Movement_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Reform Movement (China)">Chinese land reform policy</a> in order to protect successful businesses in the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a>, landholdings by <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a> seeking to eventually return to the country, and commercial relations with <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a>. In response <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> purged Fang and thousands of cadres from the province in 1952, sending <a href="/wiki/Tao_Zhu" title="Tao Zhu">Tao Zhu</a> to implement a much harsher program under the slogan "Every Village Bleeds, Every Household Fights."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDikötter201376-81_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDikötter201376-81-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Reform_and_opening_up" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform and opening up">Reform and Opening Up</a>, Guangdong was supported by the central government to be "one step ahead" of the rest of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:53_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:53-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 43">: 43 </span></sup> Most major cities in Guangdong underwent liberalizing economic reforms in the mid-1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-:53_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:53-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 43">: 43 </span></sup> Since Reform and Opening Up, the province has seen extremely rapid economic growth, aided in part by its close trading links with <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, which borders it. It is now the province with the highest gross domestic product in China. </p><p>In 1952, a small section of Guangdong's coastline (<a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a>, Lianzhou (now <a href="/wiki/Hepu_County" title="Hepu County">Hepu County</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a>) was given to Guangxi, giving it access to the sea. This was reversed in 1955, and then restored in 1965. <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a> Island was originally part of Guangdong, but it was separated into its own province in 1988. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_(32).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg/220px-%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg/330px-%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg/440px-%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E2%80%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91_-_panoramio_%2832%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>A horse in Hongshan village</figcaption></figure><p> Guangdong faces the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> to the south and has a total of 4,300 km (2,700 mi) of coastline. The <a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a> is on the southwestern end of the province. There are a few inactive <a href="/wiki/Volcanoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanoes">volcanoes</a> on Leizhou Peninsula. The <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a> is the convergent point of three upstream rivers: the <a href="/wiki/Dong_Jiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong Jiang">East River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bei_Jiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Bei Jiang">North River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Jiang">West River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">river delta</a> is filled with hundreds of small islands. The province is geographically separated from the north by a few <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain ranges</a> collectively called the <a href="/wiki/Nan_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Nan Mountains">Nan Mountains</a> (Nan Ling). The highest peak in the province is <a href="/wiki/Shikengkong" title="Shikengkong">Shikengkong</a> with an elevation of 6,240 feet (1,900 meters) above sea level.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG/220px-%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG/330px-%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG/440px-%E8%99%8E%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">Pearl River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humen_Pearl_River_Bridge" title="Humen Pearl River Bridge">Humen Bridge</a></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Guangdong borders <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> autonomous region to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_region_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special administrative region (People's Republic of China)">Special Administrative Regions</a> to the south. <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a> is offshore across from the <a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pratas_Island" title="Pratas Island">Pratas Island</a>, which were traditionally governed as part of Guangdong, are part of <a href="/wiki/Cijin_District" title="Cijin District">Cijin District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaoshiung" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaoshiung">Kaoshiung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (ROC).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PRC continues to claim Pratas Island as part of Guangdong under the district of <a href="/wiki/Chengqu,_Shanwei" title="Chengqu, Shanwei">Chengqu, Shanwei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sws_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sws-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chengqu_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chengqu-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cities around the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a> include <a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunde">Shunde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a>. Other cities in the province include <a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenghai">Chenghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai District">Nanhai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a>. </p><p>Guangdong has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cfa</i> inland, <i>Cwa</i> along the coast). Winters are short, mild, and relatively dry, while summers are long, hot, and very wet. Average daily highs in Guangzhou in January and July are 18 and 33 °C (64 and 91 °F), although the humidity makes it feel hotter in summer. Frost is rare on the coast but may happen a few days each winter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guangdong" title="Economy of Guangdong">Economy of Guangdong</a></div> <p>In 2022, Guangdong's GDP was 13.57 trillion <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">RMB</a> ($1.9 trillion in GDP nominal, $3.78 trillion in <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>), with a per capita GDP of CN¥102,465 (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$15,234</span> in nominal or US$25,016 in <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-data2022_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data2022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">richest province</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central China</a> region and the seventh richest among all provinces by GDP per capita. Guangdong has been the largest province by GDP since 1989 in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its GDP exceeded that of Australia ($1.70 trillion) and South Korea ($1.67 trillion), the world's 12th and 13th <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">largest economy</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If it was a country, Guangdong would be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">12th-largest economy</a> as of 2022 and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">11th most populous</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-data2022_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data2022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to country subdivisions in dollar terms, Guangdong's GDP in nominal is larger than all but four <a href="/wiki/List_of_country_subdivisions_by_GDP_over_200_billion_US_dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country subdivisions by GDP over 200 billion US dollars">country subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York State</a>, and <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. Compared to country subdivisions in PPP terms, Guangdong's GDP is larger than all, except California.<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By PPP terms, as of 2022, Guangdong's economy ranked between Turkey and Italy with a GDP of $3.35 trillion and US$3.06 trillion respectively, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">11th and 12th largest in the world</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg/170px-%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg/255px-%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg/340px-%E5%8D%8E%E5%BC%BA%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>Shops in one of the electronic markets of <a href="/wiki/Huaqiangbei" title="Huaqiangbei">Huaqiangbei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, specialize in selling various electronic components, supplying the needs of local and global consumer electronics manufacturers.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="10"><b>Historical GDP of Guangdong Province for 1978 –present</b> (SNA2008)<sup id="cite_ref-SNA2008_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNA2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as <a href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Int'l.dollar</a> based on IMF WEO October 2017<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center" rowspan="3">year </td> <td align="center" colspan="4"><b>GDP</b> </td> <td align="center" colspan="3"><b>GDP per capita (GDPpc)<br /></b> <i>based on mid-year population </i> </td> <td align="center" colspan="2"><b>Reference index</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center" colspan="3">GDP <i>in millions</i> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="2">real<br />growth<br />(%) </td> <td align="center" colspan="3">GDPpc </td> <td align="center" colspan="2">exchange rate<br /><i>1 foreign currency<br /> to CNY </i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CNY</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Int'l$.</a>) </td> <td>CNY </td> <td>USD </td> <td>PPP<br />(Int'l$.) </td> <td>USD 1 </td> <td>Int'l$. 1<br />(PPP) </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2016</td> <td>8,085,491</td> <td>1,217,273</td> <td>2,306,121</td> <td>7.5</td> <td>74,016</td> <td>11,143</td> <td>21,111</td> <td>6.6423</td> <td>3.5061 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2015</td> <td>7,402,743</td> <td>1,188,546</td> <td>2,085,809</td> <td>8.0</td> <td>68,629</td> <td>11,019</td> <td>19,337</td> <td>6.2284</td> <td>3.5491 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2014</td> <td>6,890,143</td> <td>1,121,662</td> <td>1,940,721</td> <td>7.8</td> <td>64,491</td> <td>10,499</td> <td>18,165</td> <td>6.1428</td> <td>3.5503 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2013</td> <td>6,345,544</td> <td>1,024,599</td> <td>1,774,034</td> <td>8.5</td> <td>59,756</td> <td>9,649</td> <td>16,706</td> <td>6.1932</td> <td>3.5769 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2012</td> <td>5,799,354</td> <td>918,710</td> <td>1,633,253</td> <td>8.2</td> <td>54,973</td> <td>8,709</td> <td>15,482</td> <td>6.3125</td> <td>3.5508 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2011</td> <td>5,395,920</td> <td>835,437</td> <td>1,539,273</td> <td>10.0</td> <td>51,523</td> <td>7,977</td> <td>14,698</td> <td>6.4588</td> <td>3.5055 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2010</td> <td>4,657,712</td> <td>688,044</td> <td>1,406,909</td> <td>12.4</td> <td>45,284</td> <td>6,689</td> <td>13,678</td> <td>6.7695</td> <td>3.3106 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2005</td> <td>2,272,329</td> <td>277,394</td> <td>794,799</td> <td>14.1</td> <td>24,828</td> <td>3,031</td> <td>8,684</td> <td>8.1917</td> <td>2.8590 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2000</td> <td>1,081,021</td> <td>130,583</td> <td>397,536</td> <td>11.5</td> <td>12,818</td> <td>1,548</td> <td>4,714</td> <td>8.2784</td> <td>2.7193 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1990</td> <td>155,903</td> <td>32,594</td> <td>91,568</td> <td>11.6</td> <td>2,484</td> <td>519</td> <td>1,459</td> <td>4.7832</td> <td>1.7026 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1980</td> <td>24,965</td> <td>16,661</td> <td>16,693</td> <td>16.6</td> <td>481</td> <td>321</td> <td>322</td> <td>1.4984</td> <td>1.4955 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1978</td> <td>18,585</td> <td>11,039</td> <td></td> <td>1.0</td> <td>370</td> <td>220</td> <td></td> <td>1.6836</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Revolution_(1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Revolution (1949)">communist revolution</a> and until the start of the <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> reforms in 1978, Guangdong was an economic backwater, although a large underground, service-based economy has always existed. Economic development policies encouraged industrial development in the interior provinces which were weakly joined to <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Guangdong" title="Transport in Guangdong">Guangdong via transportation links</a>. The government policy of economic <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">autarky</a> made Guangdong's access to the ocean irrelevant.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Deng Xiaoping's open door policy radically changed the economy of the province as it was able to take advantage of its access to the ocean, proximity to Hong Kong, and historical links to <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a>. Guangdong was one of the first provinces to receive permission from the central government to receive foreign investment.<sup id="cite_ref-:26_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:26-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 148">: 148 </span></sup> In addition, until the 1990s when the <a href="/wiki/Tax_system_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax system in China">Chinese taxation system</a> was reformed, the province benefited from the relatively low rate of taxation placed on it by the central government due to its post-Liberation status of being economically backward.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenzhen_city_montage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shenzhen_city_montage.png/380px-Shenzhen_city_montage.png" decoding="async" width="380" height="507" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shenzhen_city_montage.png/571px-Shenzhen_city_montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shenzhen_city_montage.png/760px-Shenzhen_city_montage.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Shenzhen famous building and tourist attractions</figcaption></figure> <p>Guangdong's economic boom began with the early 1990s and has since spread to neighboring provinces, and also pulled their populations inward. The economic growth of Guangdong province owes much to the low-value-added manufacturing which characterized (and in many ways still defines) the province's economy following <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>'s reforms. Guangdong is not only China's largest exporter of goods, it is the country's largest importer as well.<sup id="cite_ref-thechinaperspective1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The province is now one of the richest in the nation, with the most billionaires in mainland China,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the highest GDP among all the provinces, although wage growth has only recently begun to rise due to a large influx of migrant workers from neighboring provinces. By 2015, the local government of Guangdong hopes that the service industry will account for more than 50 percent of the provinces GDP and high-tech manufacturing another 20 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-thechinaperspective1_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Guangdong's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 534 billion RMB (US$79.4 billion), 5.28 trillion RMB (US$785.6 billion), and 7.09 trillion RMB (US$1.05 trillion), respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-data2022_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data2022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangdong contributes approximately 10.6% of the total national economic output.<sup id="cite_ref-data2022_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data2022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now, it has three of the six <a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zones_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China">Special Economic Zones</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a>. The affluence of Guangdong, however, remains very concentrated near the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_and_technological_development_zones">Economic and technological development zones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economic and technological development zones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> Export Processing Zone</li> <li>Shenzhen <a href="/wiki/Futian" class="mw-redirect" title="Futian">Futian</a> Free Trade Zone<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantian" class="mw-redirect" title="Yantian">Yantian</a> Port Free Trade Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> Development District</li> <li>Guangzhou Export Processing Zone</li> <li>Guangzhou Free Trade Zone</li> <li>Guangzhou Nansha Economic and Technical Development Zone</li> <li>Guangzhou Nanhu Lake Tourist Holiday Resort (Chinese Version)</li> <li>Guangzhou New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a> Dayawan Economic and Technological Development Zone</li> <li>Huizhou Export Processing Zone</li> <li>Huizhou Zhongkai Hi-Tech Development Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha_Subdistrict" title="Nansha Subdistrict">Nansha</a> Free Trade Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a> Free Trade Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatoujiao" class="mw-redirect" title="Shatoujiao">Shatoujiao</a> Free Trade Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a> Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese Version)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</li> <li>Zhuhai Free Trade Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a> Torch High-tech Industrial Development Zone</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1912<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,011,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1928<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,428,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936–37<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,453,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1947<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,210,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−16.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1954<sup id="cite_ref-census1954_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1954-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">34,770,059</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+27.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1964<sup id="cite_ref-census1964_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1964-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,800,849</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982<sup id="cite_ref-census1982_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1982-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,299,220</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+38.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990<sup id="cite_ref-census1990_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1990-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">62,829,236</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000<sup id="cite_ref-census2000_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2000-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">85,225,007</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+35.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2010<sup id="cite_ref-census2010_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2010-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">104,303,132</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+22.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020<sup id="cite_ref-stats.gov.cn_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stats.gov.cn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">126,012,510</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Hainan Province part of Guangdong Province until 1988.<br />Guangzhou part of Guangdong Province until 1947; dissolved in 1954 and incorporated into Guangdong Province.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Guangdong officially became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Republic_of_China_administrative_divisions_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Republic of China administrative divisions by population">most populous province</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-English_people.com.cn_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_people.com.cn-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chinadaily.com_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chinadaily.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Official statistics had traditionally placed Guangdong as the fourth-most populous province of China with about 80 million people, though an influx of migrants, temporary workers, and newly settled individuals numbered around 30 million.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The massive influx of migrants from other provinces, dubbed the "floating population", is due to Guangdong's booming economy and high demand for labor. If Guangdong were an independent nation, it would rank among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">twelfth largest countries of the world by population</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanization">Urbanization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Urbanization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Guangzhou_skyline.jpg/220px-Guangzhou_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Guangzhou_skyline.jpg/330px-Guangzhou_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Guangzhou_skyline.jpg/440px-Guangzhou_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> is the third largest city in the People's Republic of China.</div></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2021, Guangdong's population is 74.6% urban and 25.4% rural.<sup id="cite_ref-data2022_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data2022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genealogy">Genealogy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Genealogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guangdong is the ancestral home of large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a>. Most of the railroad laborers in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> in the 19th century came from Guangdong, especially the <a href="/wiki/Siyi" title="Siyi">Siyi</a> area. Many people from the region also traveled to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and other parts of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> during the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">gold rush of 1849</a>, and also to <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Australia">Australia</a> during its <a href="/wiki/Australian_gold_rushes" title="Australian gold rushes">gold rush</a> a decade or so later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages_and_ethnicities">Languages and ethnicities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Languages and ethnicities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of the province's population is <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>. Within the Han Chinese, the largest subgroup in Guangdong are the <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese people</a>. Two other major groups are the <a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chaoshan" title="Chaoshan">Chaoshan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shaozhou_Tuhua" title="Shaozhou Tuhua">Shaozhou Tuhua</a> is spoken in <a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Min" title="Leizhou Min">Leizhou Min</a> is spoken in the Leizhou Peninsula. There is a small <a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a> population in the north. Other smaller <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese ethnic groups">minority groups</a> include <a href="/wiki/She_people" title="She people">She</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Miao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Chinese">Li</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender_ratio">Gender ratio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gender ratio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guangdong has a highly unbalanced gender ratio that is among the highest of all provinces in China. According to a 2009 study published in <a href="/wiki/The_BMJ" title="The BMJ"><i>The British Medical Journal</i></a>, in the 1–4 age group, there are over 130 boys for every 100 girls.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Purple; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1323.7769652808px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 506.89393637885px; border-left-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 151.19816498635px; border-left-color:DarkRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkRed"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkRed"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Guangdong (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-CFPS2012_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFPS2012-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkRed; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Irreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligious">Irreligious</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">folk religion</a> (90.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gold; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhism</a> (6.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestantism</a> (1.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> (1.2%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>According to a 2012 survey<sup id="cite_ref-CFPS2012_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFPS2012-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only around 7% of the population of Guangdong belongs to organised religions, the largest groups being <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhists</a> with 6.2%, followed by <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestants</a> with 1.8% and <a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in China">Catholics</a> with 1.2%. Around 90% of the population is either irreligious or may be involved in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> worshipping <a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">nature gods, ancestral deities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">popular sects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist traditions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhist religious traditions</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ruism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruism">Confucian religious traditions</a>. </p><p>According to a survey conducted in 2007, 43.71% of the population believes and is involved in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral religion">ancestor veneration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the traditional Chinese religion of the lineages organised into <a href="/wiki/Lineage_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lineage church">lineage churches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_shrine" title="Ancestral shrine">ancestral shrines</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:924px;max-width:924px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg/150px-%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg/225px-%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg/300px-%E5%AE%B9%E6%A1%82%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E5%AF%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4794" data-file-height="3196" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Buddhist Yuhua Temple in <a href="/wiki/Ronggui_Subdistrict" title="Ronggui Subdistrict">Ronggui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunde">Shunde</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg/150px-Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg/225px-Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg/300px-Wong_Tai_Sin_Temple_Canton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="1872" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Temple of <a href="/wiki/Huang_Daxian" class="mw-redirect" title="Huang Daxian">Huang Daxian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg/150px-Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg/225px-Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg/300px-Guangzhou_Nanhaishen_Miao_2013.10.01_10-31-35.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Temple of Nanhaishen (God of the Southern Sea) in Guangzhou</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG/150px-Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG/225px-Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG/300px-Chiwan_Tianhou_Temple_20140515.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Temple of <a href="/wiki/Mazu_(deity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazu (deity)">Tianhou</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chiwan" title="Chiwan">Chiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG/150px-%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG/225px-%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG/300px-%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D%E5%BA%99.JPG 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Temple of the <a href="/wiki/Chenghuangshen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenghuangshen">Chenghuangshen</a> (City God) of <a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg/150px-Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg/225px-Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg/300px-Guangzhou_Dafo_Si_2014.01.26_14-46-33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Temple of the Great Buddha in Guangzhou</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guangdong" title="Politics of Guangdong">Politics of Guangdong</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China">List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China</a>.</div> <p>Guangdong is governed by a one-party system like the rest of China. The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Guangdong" title="Governor of Guangdong">Governor</a> is in charge of provincial affairs; however, the Communist Party Secretary, often from outside of Guangdong, keeps the Governor in check. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissent">Dissent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dissent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>'s China Dissent Monitor, Guangdong accounted for 17% of dissent events in the first quarter of 2024 – over 100 events despite heavy <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship in China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, Freedom House rated China as below zero on political rights (−2 out of 40).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_Hong_Kong_and_Macau">Relations with Hong Kong and Macau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Relations with Hong Kong and Macau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, while historically parts of Guangdong before becoming colonies of the United Kingdom and Portugal, respectively, are <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_region_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China">special administrative regions</a> (SARs). Furthermore, the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law">Basic Laws</a> of both SARs explicitly forbid <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">provincial governments</a> from intervening in local politics. As a result, many issues with Hong Kong and Macau, such as border policy and water rights, have been settled by negotiations between the SARs' governments and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guangdong" title="Government of Guangdong">Guangdong provincial government</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guangdong and the greater Guangzhou area are served by several <a href="/wiki/Radio_Guangdong" title="Radio Guangdong">Radio Guangdong</a> stations, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Television" title="Guangdong Television">Guangdong Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Television_Guangdong" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Television Guangdong">Southern Television Guangdong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenzhen Television">Shenzhen Television</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Television">Guangzhou Television</a>. There is an English programme produced by <a href="/wiki/Radio_Guangdong" title="Radio Guangdong">Radio Guangdong</a> which broadcasts information about this region to the entire world through the <a href="/wiki/WRN_Broadcast" title="WRN Broadcast">WRN Broadcast</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lingnan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan culture">Lingnan culture</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guangdong" title="Music of Guangdong">Music of Guangdong</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Guangdong" title="Special:EditPage/Guangdong">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg/220px-3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg/330px-3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg/440px-3_pieces_of_har_gow_at_Plum_Blossom_Room_20230125.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Har_gow" title="Har gow">har gow</a> are classical Cantonese dumplings served as dim sum.</figcaption></figure> <p>The central region, which is also the political and economic center, is populated predominantly by <a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue Chinese</a> speakers, though the influx in the last three decades of millions of <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>-speaking immigrants has slightly diminished Cantonese linguistic dominance. This region is associated with <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim Sum</a> is one famous example of Cantonese cuisine, dividing Cantonese food into small portions and served with small dishes. <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_opera" title="Chinese opera">Chinese opera</a> popular in Cantonese speaking areas. Related Yue dialects are spoken in most of the western half of the province. </p><p>The area comprising the cities of <a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a> in coastal east Guangdong, known as <a href="/wiki/Chaoshan" title="Chaoshan">Chaoshan</a>, forms its own cultural sphere. The <a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew people</a> here, along with <a href="/wiki/Hailufeng_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hailufeng dialect">Hailufeng Min</a> people in <a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a>, speak <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, which is a <a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a> dialect closely related to mainstream <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Southern Min</a> (Hokkien) and their cuisine is <a href="/wiki/Chiuchow_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiuchow cuisine">Teochew cuisine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Teochew_opera" title="Teochew opera">Teochew opera</a> is also well-known and has a unique form. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a> live in large areas of Guangdong, including <a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a> and other areas. Much of the Eastern part of Guangdong is populated by the Hakka people except for the Chaozhou and Hailufeng area. Hakka culture include <a href="/wiki/Hakka_cuisine" title="Hakka cuisine">Hakka cuisine</a>, Han opera (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">汉剧</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">漢劇</span>), Hakka <i>Hanyue</i> and <i>sixian</i> (traditional instrumental music) and Hakka folk songs (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">客家山歌</span></span>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puning,_Jieyang,_Guangdong,_China_-_panoramio_(123).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg/220px-Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg/330px-Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg/440px-Puning%2C_Jieyang%2C_Guangdong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%28123%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Jieyang architecture</figcaption></figure> <p>The outcast <a href="/wiki/Tanka_people" title="Tanka people">Tanka people</a> traditionally live on boats throughout the coasts and rivers of Guangdong and much of Southern China. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a> in southern Guangdong is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Min" title="Leizhou Min">Leizhou dialect</a>, a variety of <a href="/wiki/Min_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Min language">Minnan</a>; Cantonese and Hakka are also spoken there. </p><p>Mandarin is the language used in education and government and in areas where there are migrants from other provinces, above all in Shenzhen. Cantonese maintains a strong and dominant position in common usage and media, even in eastern areas of the province where the local languages and dialects are non-Yue ones. </p><p>Guangdong Province is notable for being the birthplace of many famous <a href="/wiki/Xiangqi" title="Xiangqi">Xiangqi</a> (Chinese chess) grandmasters such as <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Qin" title="Lü Qin">Lü Qin</a>, Yang Guanli, Cai Furu and <a href="/wiki/Xu_Yinchuan" title="Xu Yinchuan">Xu Yinchuan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2022, Guangdong hosts 160 institutions of higher education, ranking first in <a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central China</a> region and 2nd among all Chinese provinces/municipalities after <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> (168).<sup id="cite_ref-:02_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangdong is also the seat of 14 adult higher education institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many universities and colleges are located in major cities like Shenzhen and Guangzhou. Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong, hosts 83 institutions of higher education (excluding adult colleges), ranking 1st in <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South China</a> region and 2nd (tie) nationwide after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Province_Department_of_Education" title="Guangdong Province Department of Education">Guangdong Province Department of Education</a> is the department of the provincial government that oversees education. </p><p>As of 2023, two major cities in the province ranked in the top <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">20 cities</a> in the world (Guangzhou 8th and Shenzhen 19th) by scientific research output, as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nature.com_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Guangdong" title="List of universities and colleges in Guangdong">List of universities and colleges in Guangdong</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_/_Double_First-Class"><span id="National_.2F_Double_First-Class"></span>National / Double First-Class</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: National / Double First-Class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> (7) </th> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Medical_University" title="Guangzhou Medical University">Guangzhou Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_University_of_Chinese_Medicine" title="Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine">Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_University" title="Jinan University">Jinan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Agricultural_University" title="South China Agricultural University">South China Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Normal_University" title="South China Normal University">South China Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_University_of_Technology" title="South China University of Technology">South China University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen University</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </th> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Southern University of Science and Technology">Southern University of Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg/220px-SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg/330px-SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg/440px-SHENZHEN_UNIVERSITY_GENERAL_HOSPITAL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="5464" /></a><figcaption>Shenzhen University – medical building</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provincial">Provincial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Provincial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongguan_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongguan Institute of Technology (page does not exist)">Dongguan Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan_University_of_Technology" title="Dongguan University of Technology">Dongguan University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan_University" title="Foshan University">Foshan University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_Education_and_Research_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong Education and Research Network (page does not exist)">Guangdong Education and Research Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_General_Hospital" title="Guangdong General Hospital">Guangdong General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Institute_of_Education" title="Guangdong Institute of Education">Guangdong Institute of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology">Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Medical College">Guangdong Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Ocean_University" title="Guangdong Ocean University">Guangdong Ocean University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_Petrochemical_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong Petrochemical Academy (page does not exist)">Guangdong Petrochemical Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Pharmaceutical_University" title="Guangdong Pharmaceutical University">Guangdong Pharmaceutical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Polytechnic_Normal_University" title="Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University">Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_Radio_and_TV_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong Radio and TV University (page does not exist)">Guangdong Radio and TV University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_University_of_Finance_%26_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong University of Finance & Economics">Guangdong University of Finance & Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_University_of_Finance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong University of Finance (page does not exist)">Guangdong University of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_University_of_Technology" title="Guangdong University of Technology">Guangdong University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" title="Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts">Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou_Education_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangzhou Education College (page does not exist)">Guangzhou Education College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Normal_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Normal University">Guangzhou Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Sports_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Sports University">Guangzhou Sports University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_University" title="Guangzhou University">Guangzhou University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanshan_Teachers_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanshan Teachers College (page does not exist)">Hanshan Teachers College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou_University" title="Huizhou University">Huizhou University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panyu_Polytechnic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panyu Polytechnic (page does not exist)">Panyu Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan_University" title="Shaoguan University">Shaoguan University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Party_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Party School (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Party School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou_University" title="Shantou University">Shantou University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_University" title="Shenzhen University">Shenzhen University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Technology_University" title="Shenzhen Technology University">Shenzhen Technology University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Polytechnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenzhen Polytechnic">Shenzhen Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shunde_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shunde University (page does not exist)">Shunde University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Medical_University" title="Southern Medical University">Southern Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyi_University_(Guangdong)" title="Wuyi University (Guangdong)">Wuyi University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xijiang_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xijiang University (page does not exist)">Xijiang University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghai_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Xinghai Conservatory of Music">Xinghai Conservatory of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang_Normal_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanjiang Normal University">Zhanjiang Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongkai_University_of_Agriculture_and_Engineering" title="Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering">Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing_University" title="Zhaoqing University">Zhaoqing University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tianhe_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tianhe_Stadium.jpg/220px-Tianhe_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tianhe_Stadium.jpg/330px-Tianhe_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tianhe_Stadium.jpg/440px-Tianhe_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Stadium" title="Tianhe Stadium">Tianhe Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></figcaption></figure> <p>List of current professional <a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">sports</a> based in Guangdong: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:70%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sport </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sports_league" title="Sports league">League</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/League_system" title="League system">Tier</a> </th> <th>Club </th> <th>City </th> <th>Stadium </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Super_League" title="Chinese Super League">Chinese Super League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Peng_City_F.C." title="Shenzhen Peng City F.C.">Shenzhen Peng City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_Stadium" title="Bao'an Stadium">Bao'an Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Super_League" title="Chinese Super League">Chinese Super League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meizhou_Hakka_F.C." title="Meizhou Hakka F.C.">Meizhou Hakka</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wuhua_County" title="Wuhua County">Wuhua</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wuhua_County_Stadium" title="Wuhua County Stadium">Wuhua County Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_League_One" title="China League One">China League One</a> </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_F.C." title="Guangzhou F.C.">Guangzhou F.C.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huadu_Stadium" title="Huadu Stadium">Huadu Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_League_One" title="China League One">China League One</a> </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foshan_Nanshi_F.C." title="Foshan Nanshi F.C.">Foshan Nanshi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanhai_Sports_Center" title="Nanhai Sports Center">Nanhai Sports Center</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">Futsal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Futsal_League" title="Chinese Futsal League">China Futsal League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhuhai_Mingshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhuhai Mingshi (page does not exist)">Zhuhai Mingshi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhuhai_Sports_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhuhai Sports Centre (page does not exist)">Zhuhai Sports Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Southern_Tigers" title="Guangdong Southern Tigers">Guangdong Southern Tigers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Sports_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nissan Sports Centre">Nissan Sports Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Leopards" title="Shenzhen Leopards">Shenzhen Leopards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Universiade_Sports_Centre" title="Shenzhen Universiade Sports Centre">Shenzhen Universiade Sports Centre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Long-Lions" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Long-Lions">Guangzhou Long-Lions</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Gymnasium" title="Tianhe Gymnasium">Tianhe Gymnasium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(China)" title="National Basketball League (China)">National Basketball League</a> </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hefei_Yuanchuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Hefei Yuanchuang">Hefei Yuanchuang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Women's Chinese Basketball Association">Women's Basketball Association</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Asia_Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Asia Aluminum">Guangdong Asia Aluminum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhaoqing_Stadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhaoqing Stadium (page does not exist)">Zhaoqing Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Volleyball_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Volleyball League">Men's Volleyball League Div A</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong_GSports&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangdong GSports (page does not exist)">Guangdong GSports</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Gymnasium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Gymnasium (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Gymnasium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Volleyball_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Volleyball League">Women's Volleyball League Div A</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Evergrande_Women%27s_Volleyball_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Evergrande Women's Volleyball Club">Guangdong Evergrande</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Gymnasium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Gymnasium (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Gymnasium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Volleyball_Super_League" title="Chinese Volleyball Super League">Women's Volleyball League Div A</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Phoenix_(Women%27s_Volleyball)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Phoenix (Women's Volleyball) (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Phoenix</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_National_Baseball_League" title="China National Baseball League">China National Baseball League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Leopards" title="Guangdong Leopards">Guangdong Leopards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huangcun_Stadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huangcun Stadium (page does not exist)">Huangcun Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">Table Tennis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Table_Tennis_Super_League" title="China Table Tennis Super League">China Table Tennis Super League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Bao%27an_Mingjinhai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Bao'an Mingjinhai (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Bao'an Mingjinhai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_Stadium" title="Bao'an Stadium">Bao'an Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Esports</a>(<a href="/wiki/Overwatch_(video_game)" title="Overwatch (video game)"><small>Overwatch</small></a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overwatch_League" title="Overwatch League">Overwatch League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Charge" title="Guangzhou Charge">Guangzhou Charge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Gymnasium" title="Tianhe Gymnasium">Tianhe Gymnasium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Esports</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends" title="League of Legends">League of Legends</a></small>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends_Pro_League" title="League of Legends Pro League">League of Legends Pro League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Victory_Five" title="Victory Five">Victory Five</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Media_Group_Longgang_Production_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Media Group Longgang Production Center (page does not exist)">Shenzhen Media Group Longgang Production Center</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huangmanzhai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/220px-Huangmanzhai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/330px-Huangmanzhai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Huangmanzhai.jpg/440px-Huangmanzhai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Huangmanzhai Waterfall</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable attractions include <a href="/wiki/Danxia_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Danxia Mountain">Danxia Mountain</a> in Shaoguan, <a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_Hill" title="Yuexiu Hill">Yuexiu Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baiyun_Mountain_(Guangdong)" title="Baiyun Mountain (Guangdong)">Baiyun Mountain</a> in Guangzhou, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Lake_(Zhaoqing)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Lake (Zhaoqing) (page does not exist)">Star Lake</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Star_Crags" title="Seven Star Crags">Seven Star Crags</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinghu_Mountain" title="Dinghu Mountain">Dinghu Mountain</a> in Zhaoqing, the <a href="/wiki/Huangmanzhai_waterfalls" title="Huangmanzhai waterfalls">Huangmanzhai waterfalls</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Park" title="Zhongshan Park">Zhongshan Sun Wen Memorial Park</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a>. In Shenzhen, there are <a href="/wiki/Window_of_the_World" title="Window of the World">Window of the World</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent Building</a>, Happy Valley theme park, Rose Beach, Xiaomeisha Beach, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of administrative divisions of Guangdong">List of administrative divisions of Guangdong</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of township-level divisions of Guangdong">List of township-level divisions of Guangdong</a>.</div> <p>Guangdong is divided into twenty-one <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture-level division">prefecture-level divisions</a>: all <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level cities</a> (including two <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_divisions_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial divisions in the People's Republic of China">sub-provincial cities</a>): </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9">Administrative divisions of Guangdong </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="9"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 798px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg/798px-Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="798" height="600" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg/1197px-Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg/1596px-Administrative_Division_Guangdong_%28PRC_claimed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:372px; top:244px"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:393px; top:82px"><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:438px; top:322px"><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:360px; top:382px"><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:699px; top:250px"><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:318px; top:277px"><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:288px; top:361px"><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:30px; top:493px"><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:105px; top:388px"><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:234px; top:223px"><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:465px; top:259px"><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:651px; top:148px"><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:588px; top:280px"><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:528px; top:172px"><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:192px; top:385px"><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:312px; top:142px"><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:408px; top:289px"><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:360px; top:337px"><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:714px; top:193px"><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:642px; top:247px"><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:195px; top:298px"><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:405px; top:388px"><span style="font-size:120%">↑</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:390px; top:409px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau"><img alt="Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></i></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:438px; top:349px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></i></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:520px"><span style="color: red;">☐</span> <span style="color: grey;">Jieshi Town, Lufeng, Shanwei (<a href="/wiki/Pratas_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratas Islands">Pratas Iss.</a>).<br />Claimed by <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>PRC & controlled by <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>ROC, see <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a>.</span></div> </div> </div> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division code</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Division</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">Area in km<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-nj2013_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj2013-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">Population 2020<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">Seat </th> <th colspan="4">Divisions<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="width:45px;"> <th><a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">Districts</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of the People's Republic of China">Counties</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China">Aut. counties</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">CL cities</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold"> <th>440000</th> <th>Guangdong Province </th> <td>179,800.00</td> <td>126,012,510</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> city</td> <td>65</td> <td>34</td> <td>3</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <th>440100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> city </th> <td>7,434.40</td> <td>18,676,605</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu District</a></td> <td>11</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>440200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a> city </th> <td>18,412.53</td> <td>2,855,131</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhenjiang District">Zhenjiang District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#98fb98;"> <th>440300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> city </th> <td>1,996.78</td> <td>17,560,061</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Futian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Futian District">Futian District</a></td> <td>9*</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>440400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> city </th> <td>1,724.32</td> <td>2,439,585</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiangzhou_District,_Zhuhai" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai">Xiangzhou District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>440500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a> city </th> <td>2,248.39</td> <td>5,502,031</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jinping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinping District">Jinping District</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>440600</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> city </th> <td>3,848.49</td> <td>9,498,863</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancheng District">Chancheng District</a></td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>440700</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a> city </th> <td>9,505.42</td> <td>4,798,090</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pengjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengjiang District">Pengjiang District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>440800</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a> city </th> <td>13,225.44</td> <td>6,981,236</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chikan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chikan District">Chikan District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>440900</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a> city </th> <td>11,424.8</td> <td>6,174,050</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maonan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Maonan District">Maonan District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a> city </th> <td>14,891.23</td> <td>4,113,594</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Duanzhou District">Duanzhou District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a> city </th> <td>11,342.98</td> <td>6,042,852</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huicheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huicheng District">Huicheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>441400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a> city </th> <td>15,864.51</td> <td>3,873,239</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meijiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Meijiang District">Meijiang District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a> city </th> <td>4,861.79</td> <td>2,672,819</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengqu,_Shanwei" title="Chengqu, Shanwei">Cheng District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441600</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a> city </th> <td>15,653.63</td> <td>2,837,686</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuancheng District">Yuancheng District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>441700</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a> city </th> <td>7,955.27</td> <td>2,602,959</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangcheng District">Jiangcheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441800</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a> city </th> <td>19,152.90</td> <td>3,969,473</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingcheng District">Qingcheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>441900</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a> city** </th> <td>2,465.00</td> <td>10,466,625</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nancheng_Subdistrict,_Dongguan" title="Nancheng Subdistrict, Dongguan"><i>Nancheng Subdistrict</i></a></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>442000</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a> city** </th> <td>1,783.67</td> <td>4,418,060</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dongqu_Subdistrict" title="Dongqu Subdistrict">Dongqu Subdistrict</a></i></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>445100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a> city </th> <td>3,145.89</td> <td>2,568,387</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiangqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangqiao District">Xiangqiao District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>445200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a> city </th> <td>5,265.38</td> <td>5,577,814</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rongcheng District">Rongcheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>445300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a> city </th> <td>7,779.12</td> <td>2,383,350</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuncheng District">Yuncheng District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="12"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#98FB98; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_divisions_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial divisions in the People's Republic of China">Sub-provincial cities</a></div> <p>* – not including the new districts which are not registered under the Ministry of Civil Affairs (not included in the total Districts' count)<br /> ** – direct-piped cities – does not contain any county-level divisions </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations </th></tr> <tr> <th>English</th> <th>Chinese</th> <th>Pinyin</th> <th>Guangdong Romanization </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Guangdong Province</b></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">广东省</span></span></td> <td><b>Guǎngdōng Shěng</b></td> <td><b>guong2 dung1 sang2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">广州市</span></span></td> <td>Guǎngzhōu Shì</td> <td>guong2 zeo1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">韶关市</span></span></td> <td>Sháoguān Shì</td> <td>xiu4 guan1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">深圳市</span></span></td> <td>Shēnzhèn Shì</td> <td>sem1 zen3 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">珠海市</span></span></td> <td>Zhūhǎi Shì</td> <td>ju1 hoi2 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">汕头市</span></span></td> <td>Shàntóu Shì</td> <td>san3 teo4 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">佛山市</span></span></td> <td>Fóshān Shì</td> <td>fed6 san1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">江门市</span></span></td> <td>Jiāngmén Shì</td> <td>gong1 mun4 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">湛江市</span></span></td> <td>Zhànjiāng Shì</td> <td>zam3 gong1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">茂名市</span></span></td> <td>Màomíng Shì</td> <td>meo6 ming4 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">肇庆市</span></span></td> <td>Zhàoqìng Shì</td> <td>xiu6 hing3 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">惠州市</span></span></td> <td>Huìzhōu Shì</td> <td>wei6 zeo1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">梅州市</span></span></td> <td>Méizhōu Shì</td> <td>mui4 zeo1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">汕尾市</span></span></td> <td>Shànwěi Shì</td> <td>san3 méi5 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">河源市</span></span></td> <td>Héyuán Shì</td> <td>ho4 yun4 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">阳江市</span></span></td> <td>Yángjiāng Shì</td> <td>yêng4 gong1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">清远市</span></span></td> <td>Qīngyuǎn Shì</td> <td>qing1 yun5 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">东莞市</span></span></td> <td>Dōngguǎn Shì</td> <td>dung1 gun2 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">中山市</span></span></td> <td>Zhōngshān Shì</td> <td>zung1 san1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">潮州市</span></span></td> <td>Cháozhōu Shì</td> <td>qiu4 zeo1 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">揭阳市</span></span></td> <td>Jiēyáng Shì</td> <td>kid3 yêng4 xi5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">云浮市</span></span></td> <td>Yúnfú Shì</td> <td>wen4 feo4 xi5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The twenty-one <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of the People's Republic of China">Prefecture</a> of Guangdong are subdivided into 122 <a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">county-level divisions</a> (65 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a>, 20 <a href="/wiki/County-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level cities">county-level cities</a>, 34 <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a>, and 3 <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China">autonomous counties</a>). For county-level divisions, see the <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of administrative divisions of Guangdong">list of administrative divisions of Guangdong</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_areas">Urban areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Urban areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities </th></tr> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>Cities</th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2020 Urban area<sup id="cite_ref-2020PRCcensus_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020PRCcensus-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2010 Urban area<sup id="cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #ffaaaa;">2020 City proper </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></td> <td>17,444,609</td> <td>10,358,381</td> <td>17,494,398 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></b></td> <td>16,096,724</td> <td>9,702,144<sup id="cite_ref-Guangzhou_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guangzhou-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>18,676,605 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></td> <td>9,644,871</td> <td>7,271,322</td> <td>10,466,625 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></td> <td>9,042,509</td> <td>6,771,895</td> <td>9,498,863 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></td> <td>3,841,873</td> <td>2,740,994</td> <td>4,418,060 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></td> <td>3,838,900</td> <td>3,644,017</td> <td>5,502,031 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></td> <td>2,900,113</td> <td>1,807,858</td> <td>6,042,852 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></td> <td>2,207,090</td> <td>1,369,538</td> <td>2,439,585 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></td> <td>1,795,459</td> <td>1,480,023</td> <td>4,798,090 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></td> <td>1,400,709</td> <td>1,038,762</td> <td>6,981,236 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></td> <td>1,307,802</td> <td>637,879<sup id="cite_ref-Maoming_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maoming-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>6,174,050 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></td> <td>1,254,007</td> <td>448,226<sup id="cite_ref-Chaozhou_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaozhou-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,568,387 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></td> <td>1,242,906</td> <td>734,670<sup id="cite_ref-Jieyang_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jieyang-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>5,577,814 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></td> <td>1,197,581</td> <td>639,659<sup id="cite_ref-Qingyuan_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qingyuan-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>3,969,473 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></td> <td>1,035,810</td> <td>559,887<sup id="cite_ref-Zhaoqing_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhaoqing-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>4,113,594 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></td> <td>1,028,460</td> <td>726,267</td> <td>2,855,131 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></td> <td>935,668</td> <td>874,954</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jieyang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></td> <td>859,595</td> <td>499,053<sup id="cite_ref-Yangjiang_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yangjiang-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,602,959 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></td> <td>694,495</td> <td>353,769<sup id="cite_ref-Meizhou_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meizhou-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>3,873,239 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></td> <td>662,950</td> <td>450,953</td> <td>2,837,686 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></td> <td>545,474</td> <td>579,527</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Shanwei</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></td> <td>490,301</td> <td>352,006</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Maoming</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></td> <td>472,746</td> <td>320,418</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Maoming</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></td> <td>452,536</td> <td>355,709</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhaoqing</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></td> <td>443,812</td> <td>359,225</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhanjiang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></td> <td>433,266</td> <td>394,855</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jiangmen</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></td> <td>430,035</td> <td>371,019</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jiangmen</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></td> <td>418,731</td> <td>333,965</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Maoming</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></td> <td>412,291</td> <td>344,043</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhanjiang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></td> <td>398,066</td> <td>346,927</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Qingyuan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></td> <td>388,714</td> <td>332,672</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhanjiang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></td> <td>380,044</td> <td>242,040<sup id="cite_ref-Yunfu_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yunfu-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,383,350 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></td> <td>365,661</td> <td>392,000</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Meizhou</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></td> <td>360,359</td> <td>287,391</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yangjiang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></td> <td>345,373</td> <td>370,608</td> <td>2,738,482 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></td> <td>334,432</td> <td>282,580</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jiangmen</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></td> <td>317,060</td> <td>263,338</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yunfu</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></td> <td>251,742</td> <td>244,257</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jiangmen</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></td> <td>199,438</td> <td>191,457</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Shaoguan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></td> <td>176,572</td> <td>161,667</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Qingyuan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></td> <td>171,215</td> <td>140,017</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Shaoguan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:lightgrey;"> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zengcheng,_Guangzhou" title="Zengcheng, Guangzhou">Zengcheng</a></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Guangzhou</i></span></td> <td>710,146<sup id="cite_ref-Guangzhou_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guangzhou-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Guangzhou</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:lightgrey;"> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conghua,_Guangzhou" title="Conghua, Guangzhou">Conghua</a></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Guangzhou</i></span></td> <td>229,118<sup id="cite_ref-Guangzhou_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guangzhou-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Guangzhou</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:lightgrey;"> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaoyao,_Zhaoqing" title="Gaoyao, Zhaoqing">Gaoyao</a></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhaoqing</i></span></td> <td>224,755<sup id="cite_ref-Zhaoqing_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhaoqing-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhaoqing</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>-/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guangzhou-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guangzhou_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guangzhou_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guangzhou_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New districts established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Conghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua District">Conghua (Conghua CLC)</a> & <a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District">Zengcheng (Zengcheng CLC)</a>. These new districts not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maoming-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maoming_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Dianbai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dianbai District">Dianbai (Dianbai County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaozhou-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chaozhou_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Chao%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chao'an District">Chao'an (Chao'an County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jieyang-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jieyang_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Jiedong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiedong District">Jiedong (Jiedong County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qingyuan-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Qingyuan_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Qingxin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingxin District">Qingxin (Qingxin County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhaoqing-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhaoqing_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhaoqing_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Gaoyao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoyao District">Gaoyao (Gaoyao CLC)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yangjiang-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yangjiang_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Yangdong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangdong District">Yangdong (Yangdong County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meizhou-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meizhou_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Meixian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Meixian District">Meixian (Meixian County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yunfu-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yunfu_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Yun%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yun'an District">Yun'an (Yun'an County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guangdong is twinned with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg/43px-Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture" title="Aichi Prefecture">Aichi Prefecture</a>, Japan<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaiʻi</a>, United States of America<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales"><img alt="New South Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><a href="/wiki/Gujarat,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarat, India">Gujarat, India</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California"><img alt="California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States of America<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_national_historical_and_cultural_sites_(Guangdong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major national historical and cultural sites (Guangdong)">Major national historical and cultural sites in Guangdong</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mofcom-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mofcom_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mofcom_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130805091244/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">"Doing Business in China – Survey"</a>. Ministry Of Commerce – People's Republic Of China. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">the original</a> on 5 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+in+China+%E2%80%93+Survey&rft.pub=Ministry+Of+Commerce+%E2%80%93+People%27s+Republic+Of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.mofcom.gov.cn%2Farticle%2Fzt_business%2Flanmub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stats.gov.cn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stats.gov.cn_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stats.gov.cn_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html">"Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+Seventh+National+Population+Census+%28No.+3%29&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202105%2Ft20210510_1817188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuldin1984" class="citation journal cs1">Guldin, Gregory E. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44289777">"Seven-Veiled Ethnicity: A Hong Kong Chinese Folk Model"</a>. <i>Journal of Chinese Studies</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 139–156. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44289777">44289777</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chinese+Studies&rft.atitle=Seven-Veiled+Ethnicity%3A+A+Hong+Kong+Chinese+Folk+Model&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=139-156&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44289777%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Guldin&rft.aufirst=Gregory+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44289777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDPdata-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GDPdata_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103">"National Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">China NBS</a>. March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Data&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Feasyquery.htm%3Fcn%3DE0103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span> see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/546/546406/4399833.pdf">"zh: 2023年广东省国民经济和社会发展统计公报"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. guangdong.gov.cn. 1 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=zh%3A+2023%E5%B9%B4%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=guangdong.gov.cn&rft.date=2024-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gd.gov.cn%2Fattachment%2F0%2F546%2F546406%2F4399833.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span> The average exchange rate of 2023 was CNY 7.0467 to 1 USD dollar <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202402/t20240228_1947918.html">"Statistical communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2023 national economic and social development"</a> (Press release). China NBS. 29 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+on+the+2023+national+economic+and+social+development&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202402%2Ft20240228_1947918.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHDI-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SHDI_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/CHN/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0">"Human Development Indices (8.0)- China"</a>. <i>Global Data Lab</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Data+Lab&rft.atitle=Human+Development+Indices+%288.0%29-+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Ftable%2Fshdi%2FCHN%2F%3Flevels%3D1%2B4%26years%3D2022%26interpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518054317/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Guangdong">"Guangdong"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Guangdong">the original</a> on 18 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Guangdong&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FGuangdong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SNA2008-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SNA2008_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SNA2008_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">China NBS / <i>Bulletin on Reforming Guangdong's GDP Accounting and Data Release System</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjzl/tjgb/201712/t20171209_377708.html">gdstats.gov.cn (9-Dec-17)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051233/http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjzl/tjgb/201712/t20171209_377708.html">Archived</a> 22 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Chinese)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-data2022-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-data2022_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-data2022_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-data2022_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-data2022_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-data2022_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-data2022_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103">"National Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. 1 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Data&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Feasyquery.htm%3Fcn%3DE0103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYe2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ye, Guo (1 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244019861459">"Canton Kung Fu: The Culture of Guangdong Martial Arts"</a>. <i>SAGE Open</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 2158244019861459. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244019861459">10.1177/2158244019861459</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2158-2440">2158-2440</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198668123">198668123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAGE+Open&rft.atitle=Canton+Kung+Fu%3A+The+Culture+of+Guangdong+Martial+Arts&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=2158244019861459&rft.date=2019-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198668123%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2158-2440&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2158244019861459&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=Guo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F2158244019861459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GFCI-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GFCI_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_28_Full_Report_2020.09.25_v1.1.pdf">"The Global Financial Centres Index 28"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Long Finance. September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118104905/https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_28_Full_Report_2020.09.25_v1.1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Global+Financial+Centres+Index+28&rft.pub=Long+Finance&rft.date=2020-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longfinance.net%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2FGFCI_28_Full_Report_2020.09.25_v1.1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-English_people.com.cn-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-English_people.com.cn_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-English_people.com.cn_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/200501/30/eng20050130_172366.html">English people.com.cn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060310192937/http://english.people.com.cn/200501/30/eng20050130_172366.html">Archived</a> 10 March 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chinadaily.com-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chinadaily.com_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chinadaily.com_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-01/29/content_413299.htm">"Chinadaily.com"</a>. Chinadaily.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121004144351/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-01/29/content_413299.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinadaily.com&rft.pub=Chinadaily.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fenglish%2Fdoc%2F2005-01%2F29%2Fcontent_413299.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2020-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2020_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html">"Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)"</a>. <i>National Bureau of Statistics of China</i>. 11 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511104847/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.atitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+Seventh+National+Population+Census+%28No.+3%29&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202105%2Ft20210510_1817188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109042157/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/commentary/the-china-post/joe-hung/2009/06/22/213223/Sovereignty-over.htm">Sovereignty over the Spratly Islands</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091029063837/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761582978/Spratly_Islands.html"><i>Spratly Islands</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761582978/Spratly_Islands.html">the original</a> on 29 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spratly+Islands&rft.pub=Microsoft+Encarta+Online+Encyclopedia+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761582978%2FSpratly_Islands.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/s5743/s5744/A03/202206/t20220617_638352.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"List of National Colleges and Universities – Government Portal of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.moe.gov.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.moe.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%22List+of+National+Colleges+and+Universities+%E2%80%93+Government+Portal+of+the+Ministry+of+Education+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moe.gov.cn%2Fjyb_xxgk%2Fs5743%2Fs5744%2FA03%2F202206%2Ft20220617_638352.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nature.com-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nature.com_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nature.com_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/overall">"Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2023 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index"</a>. <i>www.nature.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nature.com&rft.atitle=Leading+200+science+cities+%7C+Nature+Index+2023+Science+Cities+%7C+Supplements+%7C+Nature+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature-index%2Fsupplements%2Fnature-index-2023-science-cities%2Ftables%2Foverall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRongxing_Gao2013" class="citation book cs1">Rongxing Gao (2013). <i>Regional China: A Business and Economic Handbook</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137287670" title="Special:BookSources/9781137287670"><bdi>9781137287670</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regional+China%3A+A+Business+and+Economic+Handbook&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781137287670&rft.au=Rongxing+Gao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_Belfield_Dennys2012" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas Belfield Dennys, ed. (26 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NpyNH0UrKvUC&pg=PA116"><i>The Treaty Ports of China and Japan</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1108045902" title="Special:BookSources/978-1108045902"><bdi>978-1108045902</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Treaty+Ports+of+China+and+Japan&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012-04-26&rft.isbn=978-1108045902&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNpyNH0UrKvUC%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Canton (China)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Canton_(China)">"Canton" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 218.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Canton&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=218&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=Robert+Kennaway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColin_Macfarquhar,_George_Gleig1797" class="citation book cs1">Colin Macfarquhar, George Gleig, ed. (1797). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_vHhMAAAAMAAJ"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 4, Part 1</i></a> (3rd ed.). A. Bell and C. Macfarquhar. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_vHhMAAAAMAAJ/page/n254">126</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Volume+4%2C+Part+1&rft.pages=126&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=A.+Bell+and+C.+Macfarquhar&rft.date=1797&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_vHhMAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1688–1727" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, Alexander (1688–1727). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.503139/page/n135/mode/2up">"A New Account of the East Indies. Chapter 51: Some Observations and Remarks on the Province and City of Canton or Quantung"</a>. <i>Internet Archive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=A+New+Account+of+the+East+Indies.+Chapter+51%3A+Some+Observations+and+Remarks+on+the+Province+and+City+of+Canton+or+Quantung&rft.date=1688%2F1727&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.503139%2Fpage%2Fn135%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_M._DownsFrederic_D._Grant,_Jr.2015" class="citation book cs1">Jacques M. Downs; Frederic D. Grant, Jr. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw4wBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA345"><i>The Golden Ghetto: The American Commercial Community at Canton and the Shaping of American China Policy, 1784–1844</i></a>. Hong Kong University Press; Reissue edition. p. 345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9888139095" title="Special:BookSources/978-9888139095"><bdi>978-9888139095</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Ghetto%3A+The+American+Commercial+Community+at+Canton+and+the+Shaping+of+American+China+Policy%2C+1784%E2%80%931844&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press%3B+Reissue+edition&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-9888139095&rft.au=Jacques+M.+Downs&rft.au=Frederic+D.+Grant%2C+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTw4wBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jiao, Tianlong. 2013. "The Neolithic Archaeology of Southeast China." In Underhill, Anne P., et al. <i>A Companion to Chinese Archaeology</i>, 599–611. Wiley-Blackwell.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-University_of_California_Press-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-University_of_California_Press_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-University_of_California_Press_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer1963" class="citation book cs1">Schafer, Edward H. (1963). <i>The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of Tang Exotics</i>. University of California Press. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-05462-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-05462-2"><bdi>978-0-520-05462-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Peaches+of+Samarkand%3A+A+Study+of+Tang+Exotics&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-0-520-05462-2&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Edward+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF史为乐_(Shǐ_Wéilì)邓自欣_(Dèng_Zìxīn)朱玲玲_(Zhū_Línglíng)2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">史为乐 (Shǐ Wéilì); 邓自欣 (Dèng Zìxīn); 朱玲玲 (Zhū Línglíng) (2005). 史为乐 (Shǐ Wéilì) (ed.). <bdi lang="zh">中国历史地名大词典</bdi> [<i>Large Dictionary of Chinese Historical Place Names</i>] (in Chinese) (1st ed.). Beijing: China Social Sciences Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7500449294" title="Special:BookSources/978-7500449294"><bdi>978-7500449294</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61167815">61167815</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8&rft.place=Beijing&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=China+Social+Sciences+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61167815&rft.isbn=978-7500449294&rft.au=%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%BA%E4%B9%90+%28Sh%C7%90+W%C3%A9il%C3%AC%29&rft.au=%E9%82%93%E8%87%AA%E6%AC%A3+%28D%C3%A8ng+Z%C3%ACx%C4%ABn%29&rft.au=%E6%9C%B1%E7%8E%B2%E7%8E%B2+%28Zh%C5%AB+L%C3%ADngl%C3%ADng%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030529135953/http://www.nhyz.org/yxx/jxzy/zy/zy48.htm">"nhyz.org"</a>. nhyz.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhyz.org/yxx/jxzy/zy/zy48.htm">the original</a> on 29 May 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=nhyz.org&rft.pub=nhyz.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhyz.org%2Fyxx%2Fjxzy%2Fzy%2Fzy48.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaoKongBandeltKivisild2002" class="citation journal cs1">Yao, Yong-Gang; Kong, Qing-Peng; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Kivisild, Toomas; Zhang, Ya-Ping (March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC384943">"Phylogeographic differentiation of mitochondrial DNA in Han Chinese"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>70</b> (3): 635–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F338999">10.1086/338999</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC384943">384943</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11836649">11836649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Phylogeographic+differentiation+of+mitochondrial+DNA+in+Han+Chinese&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=635-51&rft.date=2002-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC384943%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11836649&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F338999&rft.aulast=Yao&rft.aufirst=Yong-Gang&rft.au=Kong%2C+Qing-Peng&rft.au=Bandelt%2C+Hans-J%C3%BCrgen&rft.au=Kivisild%2C+Toomas&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Ya-Ping&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC384943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrivedi2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Trivedi, Anjani (13 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.time.com/2013/06/15/exiled-in-hong-kong-famous-company-for-edward-snowden/slide/the-southern-sung-emperors/">"The Southern Song Emperors"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170829110014/http://world.time.com/2013/06/15/exiled-in-hong-kong-famous-company-for-edward-snowden/slide/the-southern-sung-emperors/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Southern+Song+Emperors&rft.date=2013-06-13&rft.aulast=Trivedi&rft.aufirst=Anjani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworld.time.com%2F2013%2F06%2F15%2Fexiled-in-hong-kong-famous-company-for-edward-snowden%2Fslide%2Fthe-southern-sung-emperors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhang Tingyu, et al. (1739). "<a href="/wiki/History_of_Ming" title="History of Ming">History of Ming</a>". Vol. 45, <i>Records XXI, Geography VI</i>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">廣東《禹貢》揚州之域及揚州徼外。元置廣東道宣慰使司，治廣州路。屬江西行中書省。</span></span><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLydia_He_Liu1995" class="citation book cs1">Lydia He Liu (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h5e8Za8sEJAC&q=Shanghainese+origin+lemon+mm+ningmeng+Cantonese+origin:+lihngmung+lemonade+%23+MK*+ningmeng+shui+lemon+time+wmmw+ningmeng+shijian+lepton+w%26m+leibodun+Leveler+/+B%C2%BB%26:%C2%A3+niweila+dang+(political+party)+liaison+mm+lianyong+libido+Wc%26+laibiduo&pg=PA364"><i>Translingual practice: literature, national culture, and translated modernity—China, 1900–1937</i></a> (illustrated, annotated ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 364. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-2535-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-2535-4"><bdi>978-0-8047-2535-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>last car <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">拉斯卡</span></span> lasi ka Shanghainese origin lemon <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">檸檬</span></span> ningmeng Cantonese origin: lihngmung lemonade # MK* ningmeng shui lemon time wmmw ningmeng shijian lepton w&m leibodun Leveler / B»&:£ niweila dang (political party) liaison mm lianyong libido Wc& laibiduo</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Translingual+practice%3A+literature%2C+national+culture%2C+and+translated+modernity%E2%80%94China%2C+1900%E2%80%931937&rft.pages=364&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+annotated&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-2535-4&rft.au=Lydia+He+Liu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh5e8Za8sEJAC%26q%3DShanghainese%2Borigin%2Blemon%2Bmm%2Bningmeng%2BCantonese%2Borigin%3A%2Blihngmung%2Blemonade%2B%2523%2BMK%2A%2Bningmeng%2Bshui%2Blemon%2Btime%2Bwmmw%2Bningmeng%2Bshijian%2Blepton%2Bw%2526m%2Bleibodun%2BLeveler%2B%2F%2BB%25C2%25BB%2526%3A%25C2%25A3%2Bniweila%2Bdang%2B%28political%2Bparty%29%2Bliaison%2Bmm%2Blianyong%2Blibido%2BWc%2526%2Blaibiduo%26pg%3DPA364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span>()</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDikötter2013" class="citation book cs1">Dikötter, Frank (2013). <i>The Tragedy of Liberation: A History of the Chinese Revolution, 1945–1957</i> (1 ed.). London: Bloomsbury Press. pp. 31–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62040-347-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62040-347-1"><bdi>978-1-62040-347-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tragedy+of+Liberation%3A+A+History+of+the+Chinese+Revolution%2C+1945%E2%80%931957&rft.place=London&rft.pages=31-32&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-62040-347-1&rft.aulast=Dik%C3%B6tter&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDikötter201376-81-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDikötter201376-81_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDikötter2013">Dikötter 2013</a>, p. 76-81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:53-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:53_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:53_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantos2021" class="citation book cs1">Santos, Gonçalo (2021). <i>Chinese Village Life Today: Building Families in an Age of Transition</i>. Seattle: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-74738-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-74738-5"><bdi>978-0-295-74738-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Village+Life+Today%3A+Building+Families+in+an+Age+of+Transition&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-295-74738-5&rft.aulast=Santos&rft.aufirst=Gon%C3%A7alo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinapost.com.tw/commentary/the-china-post/joe-hung/2009/06/22/213223/Sovereignty-over.htm">"Sovereignty over the Spratly Islands – The China Post 22 June 2009"</a>. Chinapost.com.tw. 22 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120924083855/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/commentary/the-china-post/joe-hung/2009/06/22/213223/Sovereignty-over.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sovereignty+over+the+Spratly+Islands+%E2%80%93+The+China+Post+22+June+2009&rft.pub=Chinapost.com.tw&rft.date=2009-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinapost.com.tw%2Fcommentary%2Fthe-china-post%2Fjoe-hung%2F2009%2F06%2F22%2F213223%2FSovereignty-over.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sws-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sws_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smzt.gd.gov.cn/qhgk/gsqh/200505/sws/"><bdi lang="zh">汕尾市</bdi></a>. <i>广东省民政厅网站</i> (in Simplified Chinese). May 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103005408/http://smzt.gd.gov.cn/qhgk/gsqh/200505/sws/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2020. <q>城区{...}（东沙群岛不是镇建制）</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%8E%85%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft.atitle=%E6%B1%95%E5%B0%BE%E5%B8%82&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmzt.gd.gov.cn%2Fqhgk%2Fgsqh%2F200505%2Fsws%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chengqu-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chengqu_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF广东省国土资源厅Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text2018" class="citation map cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">广东省国土资源厅</span></span> (30 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200707201843/http://nr.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/328/328278/2265301.jpg"><bdi lang="zh">城区地图</bdi></a> (Map). <i>Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">广东省自然资源厅</span></span></i> (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nr.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/328/328278/2265301.jpg">the original</a> on 7 July 2020 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">东沙群岛{...}北卫滩{...}南卫滩{...}东沙岛{...}东沙礁</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Natural+Resources+of+Guangdong+Province+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%8E%85%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft.atitle=%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%BA%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE&rft.date=2018-06-30&rft.au=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%8E%85%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnr.gd.gov.cn%2Fattachment%2F0%2F328%2F328278%2F2265301.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127080537/http://www.gd.gov.cn/gdywdt/gdyw/content/mpost_3768737.html">"省十三届人大五次会议开幕李玉妹主持王伟中作政府工作报告李希黄楚平王荣等出席广东省人民政府门户网站"</a>. <i>www.Guangdong Provincial People's Government</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gd.gov.cn/gdywdt/gdyw/content/mpost_3768737.html">the original</a> on 27 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.Guangdong+Provincial+People%27s+Government&rft.atitle=%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E5%B1%8A%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%B9%95+%E6%9D%8E%E7%8E%89%E5%A6%B9%E4%B8%BB%E6%8C%81+%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%9F%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%9C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A+%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C%E9%BB%84%E6%A5%9A%E5%B9%B3%E7%8E%8B%E8%8D%A3%E7%AD%89%E5%87%BA%E5%B8%AD+%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%97%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gd.gov.cn%2Fgdywdt%2Fgdyw%2Fcontent%2Fmpost_3768737.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Monetary_Fund" class="citation web cs1">International Monetary Fund. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April">"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+April+2023&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.au=International+Monetary+Fund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FApril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Purchasing power parity</b> (PPP) for Chinese yuan is estimate according to <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a> <i><b><a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Outlook" class="mw-redirect" title="World Economic Outlook">WEO</a></b></i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28"><b>October 2017</b></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110717100927/http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28">Archived</a> 17 July 2011 at Wikiwix) data; Exchange rate of CN¥ to US$ is according to State Administration of Foreign Exchange, published on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/"><i>China Statistical Yearbook</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151020062416/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/">Archived</a> 20 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:26-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:26_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAng2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Yuen_Ang" title="Yuen Yuen Ang">Ang, Yuen Yuen</a> (2016). <i>How China Escaped the Poverty Trap</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-0020-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-0020-0"><bdi>978-1-5017-0020-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1zgwm1j">10.7591/j.ctt1zgwm1j</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+China+Escaped+the+Poverty+Trap&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7591%2Fj.ctt1zgwm1j%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-5017-0020-0&rft.aulast=Ang&rft.aufirst=Yuen+Yuen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thechinaperspective1-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thechinaperspective1_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thechinaperspective1_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120502105943/http://thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/guangdong-province/">"Guangdong Province: Economic News and Statistics for Guangdong's Economy"</a>. The China Perspective. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/guangdong-province/">the original</a> on 2 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guangdong+Province%3A+Economic+News+and+Statistics+for+Guangdong%27s+Economy&rft.pub=The+China+Perspective&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechinaperspective.com%2Ftopics%2Fprovince%2Fguangdong-province%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZheng_Huiyuan2010" class="citation web cs1">Zheng Huiyuan (10 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314232138/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?cid=1302&MainCatID=13&id=20101110000174">"Guangdong Has Most Billionaires in China"</a>. WantChinaTimes.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?cid=1302&MainCatID=13&id=20101110000174">the original</a> on 14 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guangdong+Has+Most+Billionaires+in+China&rft.pub=WantChinaTimes.com&rft.date=2010-11-10&rft.au=Zheng+Huiyuan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wantchinatimes.com%2Fnews-subclass-cnt.aspx%3Fcid%3D1302%26MainCatID%3D13%26id%3D20101110000174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426182059/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/shenzhen-futian-free-trade-zone">"Shenzhen Futian Free Trade Zone"</a>. RightSite.asia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/shenzhen-futian-free-trade-zone/">the original</a> on 26 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shenzhen+Futian+Free+Trade+Zone&rft.pub=RightSite.asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Fshenzhen-futian-free-trade-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426182040/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/foshan-hi-tech-development-zone">"Foshan Hi-Tech Development Zone"</a>. RightSite.asia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/foshan-hi-tech-development-zone/">the original</a> on 26 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foshan+Hi-Tech+Development+Zone&rft.pub=RightSite.asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Ffoshan-hi-tech-development-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html"><bdi lang="ja">1912年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032922/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1912%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1928年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032924/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1928%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1936–37年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032925/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1936%E2%80%9337%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1947年全国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130913053600/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1947%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1954-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1954_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm">the original</a> on 5 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16767.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1964-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1964_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm"><bdi lang="zh">第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm">the original</a> on 14 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E9%A1%B9%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16768.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1982-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1982_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm">the original</a> on 10 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16769.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1990-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1990_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm">the original</a> on 19 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%87%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16772.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2000-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2000_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm"><bdi lang="zh">现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm">the original</a> on 29 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E5%B0%862000%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%B1%87%E6%80%BB%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020331_15435.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2010-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2010_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm">"Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm">the original</a> on 27 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+People%27s+Republic+of+China+on+Major+Figures+of+the+2010+Population+Census&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Fnewsandcomingevents%2Ft20110429_402722516.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120625190924/http://media.163.com/05/0201/11/1BGKCSFN0014183O.html">"media163"</a>. media163. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.163.com/05/0201/11/1BGKCSFN0014183O.html">the original</a> on 25 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=media163&rft.pub=media163&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.163.com%2F05%2F0201%2F11%2F1BGKCSFN0014183O.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhuLuHesketh2009" class="citation journal cs1">Zhu, Wei Xing; Lu, Li; Hesketh, Therese (9 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1211.full">"China's excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey – Zhu et al. 338"</a>. <i>BMJ</i>. <b>338</b>. bmj.com: b1211. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.b1211">10.1136/bmj.b1211</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2667570">2667570</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19359290">19359290</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101005559/http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1211.full">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=China%27s+excess+males%2C+sex+selective+abortion%2C+and+one+child+policy%3A+analysis+of+data+from+2005+national+intercensus+survey+%E2%80%93+Zhu+et+al.+338&rft.volume=338&rft.pages=b1211&rft.date=2009-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2667570%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19359290&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.b1211&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Wei+Xing&rft.au=Lu%2C+Li&rft.au=Hesketh%2C+Therese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F338%2Fbmj.b1211.full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFPS2012-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CFPS2012_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CFPS2012_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809051625/http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS（2012）调查数据</bdi></a> [China Family Panel Studies 2012] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</a>. 3 March 2014. p. 13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8ECFPS%EF%BC%882012%EF%BC%89%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Chinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiwr.cass.cn%2Fzjwh%2F201403%2FW020140303370398758556.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Results reported by: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1">Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/report/china-dissent-monitor/2024/issue-7-january-march-2024">"China Dissent Monitor 2024 Issue 7: January – March 2024| Freedom House"</a>. <i>freedomhouse.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freedomhouse.org&rft.atitle=China+Dissent+Monitor+2024+Issue+7%3A+January+%E2%80%93+March+2024%7C+Freedom+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Freport%2Fchina-dissent-monitor%2F2024%2Fissue-7-january-march-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/country/china/freedom-world/2024">"Freedom in the World 2024: China| Freedom House"</a>. <i>freedomhouse.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freedomhouse.org&rft.atitle=Freedom+in+the+World+2024%3A+China%7C+Freedom+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Fcountry%2Fchina%2Ffreedom-world%2F2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202208/04/WS62eaf941a310fd2b29e7022c.html">"Top 10 Chinese cities with most higher education institutions"</a>. <i>www.chinadaily.com.cn</i>. 4 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chinadaily.com.cn&rft.atitle=Top+10+Chinese+cities+with+most+higher+education+institutions&rft.date=2022-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fa%2F202208%2F04%2FWS62eaf941a310fd2b29e7022c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Civil Affairs</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113603/http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%BF%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles2.mca.gov.cn%2Fcws%2F201502%2F20150225163817214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nj2013-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nj2013_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShenzhen_Bureau_of_Statistics" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512184740/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm"><bdi lang="zh">《深圳统计年鉴2014》</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm">the original</a> on 12 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42014%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.au=Shenzhen+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sztj.gov.cn%2Fnj2014%2Findexce.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.gd.gov.cn/attachment/0/421/421309/3283428.pdf">"广东省第七次全国人口普查公报"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.gd.gov.cn%2Fattachment%2F0%2F421%2F421309%2F3283428.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Civil_Affairs2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Civil Affairs</a> (August 2014). <bdi lang="zh">《中国民政统计年鉴2014》</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-7130-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42014%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2014-08&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-7130-9&rft.au=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020PRCcensus-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020PRCcensus_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2022). <bdi lang="zh">中国2020年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-9772-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2020%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-9772-9&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010PRCcensus-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2012). <bdi lang="zh">中国2010年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6"><bdi>978-7-5037-6659-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.aichi.jp/soshiki/kokusai/belgiummou.html"><bdi lang="ja">ベルギー3地域と「友好交流及び相互協力に関する覚書」を締結</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828190416/http://www.pref.aichi.jp/soshiki/kokusai/belgiummou.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC3%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E3%81%A8%E3%80%8C%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E8%A6%9A%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E7%B7%A0%E7%B5%90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.aichi.jp%2Fsoshiki%2Fkokusai%2Fbelgiummou.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invest.hawaii.gov/international/sister-states/">"Hawaii's Sister-States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Hawai%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Hawai'i">State of Hawai'i</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016200107/https://invest.hawaii.gov/international/sister-states/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hawaii%27s+Sister-States&rft.pub=State+of+Hawai%27i&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvest.hawaii.gov%2Finternational%2Fsister-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114203952/https://www.industry.nsw.gov.au/export-from-nsw/export-opportunities/international-engagement/building-international-relationships">"Building international relationships"</a>. NSW Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.industry.nsw.gov.au/export-from-nsw/export-opportunities/international-engagement/building-international-relationships">the original</a> on 14 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Building+international+relationships&rft.pub=NSW+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.industry.nsw.gov.au%2Fexport-from-nsw%2Fexport-opportunities%2Finternational-engagement%2Fbuilding-international-relationships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soir.senate.ca.gov/content/state-california-and-guangdong-province-sister-state-agreement">"State of California and Guangdong Province Sister State Agreement"</a>. <i>Senate Office of International Relations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senate+Office+of+International+Relations&rft.atitle=State+of+California+and+Guangdong+Province+Sister+State+Agreement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoir.senate.ca.gov%2Fcontent%2Fstate-california-and-guangdong-province-sister-state-agreement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangdong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/mpgud.htm">Economic profile for Guangdong</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">Hong Kong Trade Development Council</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Guangdong" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Guangdong">Guangdong</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Canton" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Canton">Canton</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kwangtung" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Kwangtung">Kwangtung</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Guangdong" class="extiw" title="commons:Guangdong"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Guangdong</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Guangdong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Guangdong">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Guangdong#Q15175" class="extiw" title="voy:Guangdong">Guangdong</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gd.gov.cn/">Guangdong provincial government official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4448">Complete Map of the Seven Coastal Provinces</a> from 1821 to 1850 <span class="languageicon">(in English and Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417002716/http://guangdong-in-pictures.blogspot.tw/">Pictures and comments about life in Guangdong</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Guangdong" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Guangdong" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Guangdong</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nam Định Province">Nam Định</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ninh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Quảng Ninh Province">Quảng Ninh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Thái Bình Province">Thái Bình Provinces</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Vietnam</td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Guangdong</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a></i><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Kaohsiung_City.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kaohsiung_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Kaohsiung_City.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kaohsiung_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Kaohsiung_City.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kaohsiung_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span>Kaohsiung, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Pingtung_County.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pingtung_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Pingtung_County.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pingtung_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flag_of_Pingtung_County.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pingtung_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Pingtung County and <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Tainan_City.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tainan_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Tainan_City.svg/34px-Flag_of_Tainan_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Tainan_City.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tainan_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="581" /></span></span> </span>Tainan, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Taiwan (Republic of China)</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C4%A9nh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Tĩnh Province">Hà Tĩnh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_An_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nghệ An Province">Nghệ An</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanh Hóa Province">Thanh Hóa Provinces</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Vietnam<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhou_Strait" title="Qiongzhou Strait">Qiongzhou Strait</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Macau<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Hong Kong</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></i></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Guangdong_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guangdong_topics" title="Template:Guangdong topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guangdong_topics" title="Template talk:Guangdong topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guangdong_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guangdong topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Guangdong_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangdong</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Guangdong" title="Category:Guangdong">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guangdong" title="Politics of Guangdong">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guangdong" title="Economy of Guangdong">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Guangdong" title="Category:Geography of Guangdong">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Guangdong" title="Category:Cities in Guangdong">Cities</a></li> <li>Metropolitan areas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaoshan" title="Chaoshan">Chaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyi" title="Sanyi">Sanyi</a> (Sam Yup)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sze_Yup" class="mw-redirect" title="Sze Yup">Sze Yup</a> (Siyi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a></li> <li>Regions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Guangdong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Guangdong (page does not exist)">Yuexi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Guangdong" title="Northern Guangdong">Yuebei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Guangdong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Guangdong (page does not exist)">Yuedong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River" title="Pearl River">Pearl River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Jiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong Jiang">East River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Jiang">West River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanling_Mountains" title="Nanling Mountains">Nanling Mountains</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pratas_Island" title="Pratas Island">Pratas Island</a> and the Vereker Banks</i> <i>(claimed)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamian_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamian Island">Shamian Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Guangdong" title="List of universities and colleges in Guangdong">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Guangdong" title="Category:Education in Guangdong">Guangzhou Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Shenzhen" title="Category:Education in Shenzhen">Shenzhen Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan culture">Lingnan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Varieties of Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailufeng_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hailufeng dialect">Hailufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_architecture" title="Lingnan architecture">Lingnan architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_lau" title="Tong lau">Tong lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_garden" title="Lingnan garden">Lingnan garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_embroidery" title="Cantonese embroidery">Cantonese embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_woodcarving" title="Teochew woodcarving">Teochew woodcarving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_penjing" title="Lingnan penjing">Lingnan penjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_porcelain" title="Canton porcelain">Canton porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_School" title="Lingnan School">Lingnan School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guangdong" title="Music of Guangdong">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naamyam" title="Naamyam">Naamyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_music_(genre)" title="Guangdong music (genre)">Guangdong music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaohu" title="Gaohu">Gou Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_poetry" title="Cantonese poetry">Cantonese poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_nationalism" title="Cantonese nationalism">Cantonese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hung_Ga" title="Hung Ga">Hung Ga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_Chun" title="Wing Chun">Wing Chun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_Confucianism" title="Lingnan Confucianism">Lingnan Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year_Fair" title="Lunar New Year Fair">Flowermarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_dance#Chinese_Southern_Lion" title="Lion dance">Cantonese lion dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong_Tai_Sin" title="Wong Tai Sin">Wong Tai Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hung_Shing" title="Hung Shing">Hung Shing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_merchants" title="Cantonese merchants">Cantonese merchants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombax_ceiba" title="Bombax ceiba">Red cotton flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_folktales" title="Cantonese folktales">Cantonese folktales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Five_Goats" title="The Legend of Five Goats">The Legend of Five Goats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villain_hitting" title="Villain hitting">Villain hitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chu_Hua_Yuan" title="Chu Hua Yuan">Chu Hua Yuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_chow_fun" title="Beef chow fun">Beef chow fun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chow_mein" title="Chow mein">Chow mein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_siu" title="Char siu">Char siu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suckling_pig" title="Suckling pig">Roasted suckling pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_nest_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird's nest soup">Bird's nest soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_birdsnest" title="Seafood birdsnest">Seafood birdsnest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumai" title="Shumai">Shumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_rice" title="Fried rice">Cantonese fried rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim sum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yum_cha" title="Yum cha">Yum cha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leung_cha" class="mw-redirect" title="Leung cha">Leung cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_sui" title="Tong sui">Tong sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_cuisine" title="Hakka cuisine">Hakka cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_cuisine" title="Teochew cuisine">Teochew cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Guangdong" title="Category:Guangdong">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Guangdong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Guangdong">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template talk:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Province-level divisions of China">Provincial-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_blank_province_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/150px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/225px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/300px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipality" title="Direct-administered municipality">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Disputed province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size:80%;"><div><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a> is <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">claimed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> but administered by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a>).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Guangdong_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guangdong" title="Template:Guangdong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guangdong" title="Template talk:Guangdong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guangdong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guangdong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Guangdong_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of administrative divisions of Guangdong">County-level divisions</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangdong</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subdivisions of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial <br /> cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiyun_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun District, Guangzhou">Baiyun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua District">Conghua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haizhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haizhu District">Haizhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Guangzhou">Huangpu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liwan District">Liwan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou">Nansha</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nansha_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansha New Area">Nansha New Area</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Guangdong Free-Trade Zone">Guangdong Free-Trade Zone</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianhe District">Tianhe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District">Zengcheng District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bao'an District">Bao'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Futian District">Futian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangming District">Guangming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longgang_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Longgang District, Shenzhen">Longgang District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dapeng_New_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dapeng New District">Dapeng New District</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhua_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhua District, Shenzhen">Longhua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luohu District">Luohu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanshan_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanshan District, Shenzhen">Nanshan District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Qianhai" title="Qianhai">Qianhai SZ-HK MSIC Zone</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Guangdong Free-Trade Zone">Guangdong Free-Trade Zone</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingshan_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingshan District, Shenzhen">Pingshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yantian District">Yantian District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level <br /> cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qujiang_District,_Shaoguan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qujiang District, Shaoguan">Qujiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiang_District,_Shaoguan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wujiang District, Shaoguan">Wujiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhenjiang District">Zhenjiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhua_County" title="Renhua County">Renhua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shixing_County" title="Shixing County">Shixing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wengyuan_County" title="Wengyuan County">Wengyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinfeng_County,_Guangdong" title="Xinfeng County, Guangdong">Xinfeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruyuan_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County">Ruyuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doumen_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Doumen District">Doumen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinwan District">Jinwan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangzhou_District,_Zhuhai" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai">Xiangzhou District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Hengqin New Area</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Guangdong Free-Trade Zone">Guangdong Free-Trade Zone</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaonan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaonan District">Chaonan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang_District,_Shantou" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoyang District, Shantou">Chaoyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenghai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenghai District">Chenghai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haojiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haojiang District">Haojiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinping District">Jinping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhu District">Longhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27ao_County" title="Nan'ao County">Nan'ao County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancheng District">Chancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoming District">Gaoming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai District">Nanhai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanshui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanshui District">Sanshui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunde_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunde District">Shunde District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jianghai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianghai District">Jianghai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengjiang District">Pengjiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhui District">Xinhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chikan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chikan District">Chikan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazhang District">Mazhang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Potou District">Potou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiashan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiashan District">Xiashan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suixi_County,_Guangdong" title="Suixi County, Guangdong">Suixi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuwen_County" title="Xuwen County">Xuwen County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maonan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Maonan District">Maonan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianbai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dianbai District">Dianbai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinghu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinghu District">Dinghu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Duanzhou District">Duanzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoyao District">Gaoyao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deqing_County,_Guangdong" title="Deqing County, Guangdong">Deqing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengkai_County" title="Fengkai County">Fengkai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangning_County" title="Guangning County">Guangning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiji_County" title="Huaiji County">Huaiji County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huicheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huicheng District">Huicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huiyang_District" title="Huiyang District">Huiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boluo_County" title="Boluo County">Boluo County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huidong_County,_Guangdong" title="Huidong County, Guangdong">Huidong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmen_County" title="Longmen County">Longmen County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meijiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Meijiang District">Meijiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meixian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Meixian District">Meixian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabu_County" title="Dabu County">Dabu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengshun_County" title="Fengshun County">Fengshun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaoling_County" title="Jiaoling County">Jiaoling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyuan_County,_Guangdong" title="Pingyuan County, Guangdong">Pingyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhua_County" title="Wuhua County">Wuhua County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengqu,_Shanwei" title="Chengqu, Shanwei">Cheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifeng_County" title="Haifeng County">Haifeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhe_County" title="Luhe County">Luhe County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuancheng District">Yuancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heping_County" title="Heping County">Heping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianping_County" title="Lianping County">Lianping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longchuan_County,_Guangdong" title="Longchuan County, Guangdong">Longchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyuan_County" title="Dongyuan County">Dongyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zijin_County" title="Zijin County">Zijin County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangcheng District">Jiangcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangdong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangdong District">Yangdong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangxi_County" title="Yangxi County">Yangxi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingcheng District">Qingcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingxin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingxin District">Qingxin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fogang_County" title="Fogang County">Fogang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangshan_County" title="Yangshan County">Yangshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liannan_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Liannan Yao Autonomous County">Liannan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianshan_Zhuang_and_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County">Lianshan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dongguan" title="Template:Dongguan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dongguan" title="Template talk:Dongguan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dongguan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dongguan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dongguan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chengqu_Area,_Dongguan" title="Chengqu Area, Dongguan">Chengqu Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongcheng_Subdistrict,_Dongguan" title="Dongcheng Subdistrict, Dongguan">Dongcheng Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guancheng_Subdistrict" title="Guancheng Subdistrict">Guancheng Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancheng_Subdistrict,_Dongguan" title="Nancheng Subdistrict, Dongguan">Nancheng Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanjiang_Subdistrict" title="Wanjiang Subdistrict">Wanjiang Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijie,_Guangdong" title="Shijie, Guangdong">Shijie</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobu,_Guangdong" title="Gaobu, Guangdong">Gaobu</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Songshanhu_Area" title="Songshanhu Area">Songshanhu Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chashan" title="Chashan">Chashan</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalang,_Dongguan" title="Dalang, Dongguan">Dalang</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalingshan" title="Dalingshan">Dalingshan</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaobu" title="Liaobu">Liaobu</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilong,_Guangdong" title="Shilong, Guangdong">Shilong</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipai,_Dongguan" title="Shipai, Dongguan">Shipai</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dongbu_Chanyeyuan_Area" title="Dongbu Chanyeyuan Area">Dongbu Chanyeyuan Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changping,_Guangdong" title="Changping, Guangdong">Changping</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongkeng" title="Dongkeng">Dongkeng</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengli,_Dongguan" title="Hengli, Dongguan">Hengli</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjiang,_Guangdong" title="Huangjiang, Guangdong">Huangjiang</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiaotou,_Dongguan" title="Qiaotou, Dongguan">Qiaotou</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qishi,_Dongguan" title="Qishi, Dongguan">Qishi</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiegang" title="Xiegang">Xiegang</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dongnan_Linshen_Area" title="Dongnan Linshen Area">Dongnan Linshen Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fenggang,_Dongguan" title="Fenggang, Dongguan">Fenggang</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingxi,_Dongguan" title="Qingxi, Dongguan">Qingxi</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangxia,_Dongguan" title="Tangxia, Dongguan">Tangxia</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongtang,_Guangdong" title="Zhongtang, Guangdong">Zhongtang</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Binhai_Area,_Dongguan" title="Binhai Area, Dongguan">Binhai Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an,_Dongguan" title="Chang'an, Dongguan">Chang'an</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houjie" title="Houjie">Houjie</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humen_Town" title="Humen Town">Humen</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatian,_Dongguan" title="Shatian, Dongguan">Shatian</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shuixiang_Xincheng_Area" title="Shuixiang Xincheng Area">Shuixiang Xincheng Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daojiao,_Guangdong" title="Daojiao, Guangdong">Daojiao</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongmei,_Guangdong" title="Hongmei, Guangdong">Hongmei</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machong,_Guangdong" title="Machong, Guangdong">Machong</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangniudun" title="Wangniudun">Wangniudun</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangmutou" title="Zhangmutou">Zhangmutou</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Not a formal administrative subdivision</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zhongshan" title="Template:Zhongshan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zhongshan" title="Template talk:Zhongshan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zhongshan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zhongshan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zhongshan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zhongxin Area*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongqu_Subdistrict" title="Dongqu Subdistrict">Dongqu Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanqu_Subdistrict" title="Nanqu Subdistrict">Nanqu Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiqi_Subdistrict" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiqi Subdistrict">Shiqi Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiqu_Subdistrict,_Zhongshan" title="Xiqu Subdistrict, Zhongshan">Xiqu Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuguishan_Subdistrict" title="Wuguishan Subdistrict">Wuguishan Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangkou,_Zhongshan" title="Gangkou, Zhongshan">Gangkou</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachong" title="Dachong">Dachong</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaxi,_Zhongshan" title="Shaxi, Zhongshan">Shaxi</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dongbu Area*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Torch_Hi-tech_Industrial_Development_Zone" title="Zhongshan Torch Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone">Zhongshangang Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanlang" title="Nanlang">Nanlang Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuiheng" title="Cuiheng">Cuiheng New Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dongbei Area*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minzhong" title="Minzhong">Minzhong Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu,_Zhongshan" title="Huangpu, Zhongshan">Huangpu</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjiao,_Zhongshan" title="Sanjiao, Zhongshan">Sanjiao</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Xibei Area*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongfeng,_Zhongshan" title="Dongfeng, Zhongshan">Dongfeng</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusha,_Zhongshan" title="Fusha, Zhongshan">Fusha</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guzhen,_Guangdong" title="Guzhen, Guangdong">Guzhen</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henglan" title="Henglan">Henglan</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantou,_Zhongshan" title="Nantou, Zhongshan">Nantou</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaolan" title="Xiaolan">Xiaolan</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nanbu Area*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banfu" title="Banfu">Banfu</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanxiang" title="Sanxiang">Sanxiang</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenwan" title="Shenwan">Shenwan</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzhou_Town" title="Tanzhou Town">Tanzhou</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Not a formal administrative subdivision</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangqiao District">Xiangqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chao%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chao'an District">Chao'an District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fengxi_District" title="Fengxi District">Fengxi Mgmt Dist</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoping_County" title="Raoping County">Raoping County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rongcheng District">Rongcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiedong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiedong District">Jiedong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huilai_County" title="Huilai County">Huilai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexi_County" title="Jiexi County">Jiexi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuncheng District">Yuncheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yun%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yun'an District">Yun'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxing_County" title="Xinxing County">Xinxing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunan_County" title="Yunan County">Yunan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of township-level divisions of Guangdong">Guangdong township-level divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Guangdong Free-Trade Zone">Guangdong Free-Trade Zone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Guangdong" title="Category:Guangdong">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15175#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15175#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15175#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123100736">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1211821/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4110406-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81018335">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11968125n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11968125n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00400600">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kuang-tung (Čína : provincie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge799170&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4800305">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550304105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d56ba21f-f756-4755-82b8-e818dcef91f4">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027693805">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&oldid=1258700298">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&oldid=1258700298</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Guangdong" title="Category:Guangdong">Guangdong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:South_China" title="Category:South China">South China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Category:Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pearl_River_Delta" title="Category:Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provinces_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Provinces of the People's Republic of China">Provinces of the People's Republic of China</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Chinese-language_script_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)">CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)">CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)">Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Simplified_Chinese-language_sources_(zh-hans)" title="Category:CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)">CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_other_archives" title="Category:Webarchive template other archives">Webarchive template other archives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Japanese-language_script_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)">CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2021">Use dmy dates from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_possible_demonym_list" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list">Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text">Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text">Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_February_2020" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from February 2020">Vague or ambiguous time from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2008" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2014" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2014">Articles needing additional references from July 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 03:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guangdong&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-nb2j4","wgBackendResponseTime":181,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.415","walltime":"2.866","ppvisitednodes":{"value":22356,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":495398,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":35429,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":24,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":324176,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2354.664 1 -total"," 24.04% 566.171 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 22.24% 523.787 3 Template:Reflist"," 21.63% 509.249 1 Template:Infobox"," 11.71% 275.635 42 Template:Cite_web"," 7.53% 177.263 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese"," 7.40% 174.266 37 Template:Lang"," 4.78% 112.659 1 Template:Geographic_location"," 4.05% 95.249 6 Template:Navbox"," 3.58% 84.344 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.260","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24649436,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAng2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColin_Macfarquhar,_George_Gleig1797\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDikötter2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDouglas1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuldin1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton1688–1727\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInternational_Monetary_Fund\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacques_M._DownsFrederic_D._Grant,_Jr.2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLydia_He_Liu1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinistry_of_Civil_Affairs2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholas_Belfield_Dennys2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRongxing_Gao2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSantos2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchafer1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShenzhen_Bureau_of_Statistics\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrivedi2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYaoKongBandeltKivisild2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYe2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZheng_Huiyuan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhuLuHesketh2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF史为乐_(Shǐ_Wéilì)邓自欣_(Dèng_Zìxīn)朱玲玲_(Zhū_Línglíng)2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2022\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 5,\n [\"Audio\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"CNY\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite map\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 42,\n [\"Color\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons and category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 4,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 13,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 6,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 5,\n [\"Flagu\"] = 10,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Geographic location\"] = 1,\n [\"Guangdong\"] = 1,\n [\"Guangdong topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-cmn\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-yue\"] = 3,\n [\"Ill\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label\"] = 25,\n [\"Image label begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label end\"] = 1,\n [\"In lang\"] = 4,\n [\"Infobox Chinese\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 37,\n [\"Large\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 1,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 4,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Main list\"] = 3,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 7,\n [\"Normal\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 2,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Official URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Page reference\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 26,\n [\"Tone superscript\"] = 6,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 8,\n [\"US$\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 7,\n [\"Unreferenced section\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 5,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n [\"Zh\"] = 10,\n [\"Zh-no-labels\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","18.7"],["?","240","16.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","180","12.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","5.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","5.3"],["validateData \u003Cmw.lua:728\u003E","60","4.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","4.0"],["type","40","2.7"],["extract_names \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:1605\u003E","40","2.7"],["[others]","380","25.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6f8kn","timestamp":"20241124053105","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Guangdong","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guangdong","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15175","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15175","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-07-27T04:18:06Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T03:09:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/73\/China_Resources_Headquarters%26Shenzhen_Bay_gymnasium_in_Nanshan_District2020.jpg","headline":"province of China"}</script> </body> </html>