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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Discovery of Neptune</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery_of_Neptune-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Work style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lunar_theory_–_Secular_acceleration_of_the_Moon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunar_theory_–_Secular_acceleration_of_the_Moon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lunar theory – Secular acceleration of the Moon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunar_theory_–_Secular_acceleration_of_the_Moon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leonids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leonids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Leonids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leonids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Later career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Family and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Memorials</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Memorials subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Obituaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obituaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Obituaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obituaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-About_Adams_and_the_discovery_of_Neptune" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#About_Adams_and_the_discovery_of_Neptune"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>About Adams and the discovery of Neptune</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-About_Adams_and_the_discovery_of_Neptune-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_Adams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_Adams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>By Adams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_Adams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Couch Adams</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2" title="جون كوش آدامز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون كوش آدامز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con_Kau%C3%A7_Adams" title="Con Kauç Adams – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Con Kauç Adams" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%86_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2" title="جان کاوچ آدامز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان کاوچ آدامز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%87_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Джон Куч Адамс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Куч Адамс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%85_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7" title="Джон Кух Адамз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джон Кух Адамз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Джон Кауч Адамс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон Кауч Адамс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CF%82_%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%82" title="Τζων Κουτς Άνταμς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζων Κουτς Άνταμς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%86_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2" title="جان کاوچ آدامز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان کاوچ آدامز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%BF%A0%EC%B9%98_%EC%95%A0%EB%8D%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="존 쿠치 애덤스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 쿠치 애덤스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B9_%D4%B1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BD" title="Ջոն Կուչ Ադամս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Կուչ Ադամս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9_%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ჯონ კაუჩ ადამსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯონ კაუჩ ადამსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Couch_Adams" title="Ioannes Couch Adams – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEons_Adamss_(zin%C4%81tnieks)" title="Džons Adamss (zinātnieks) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džons Adamss (zinātnieks)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോൺ കൗച് ആഡംസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോൺ കൗച് ആഡംസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9_%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ჯონ ქაუჩ ადამსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯონ ქაუჩ ადამსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2" title="جون كوش آدامز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون كوش آدامز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="ジョン・クーチ・アダムズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・クーチ・アダムズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_Jon_Kauch" title="Adams Jon Kauch – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adams Jon Kauch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%87" title="Адамс, Джон Куч – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Адамс, Джон Куч" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B2" title="جۆن کوش ئادەمز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆن کوش ئادەمز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%87_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Џон Куч Адамс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон Куч Адамс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="ஜான் கவுச் ஆடம்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜான் கவுச் ஆடம்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8A_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="จอห์น คูช แอดัมส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จอห์น คูช แอดัมส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Джон Кауч Адамс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Кауч Адамс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·柯西·亚当斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰·柯西·亚当斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="John Couch Adams" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AF%87%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E7%95%B6%E6%96%AF" title="莊寇治亞當斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="莊寇治亞當斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·柯西·亚当斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·柯西·亚当斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20015#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">John Couch Adams</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh">FRSE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society">FRAS</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Couch_Adams_1870s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/John_Couch_Adams_1870s.jpg/220px-John_Couch_Adams_1870s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/John_Couch_Adams_1870s.jpg/330px-John_Couch_Adams_1870s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/John_Couch_Adams_1870s.jpg/440px-John_Couch_Adams_1870s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="716" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Adams <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1819-06-05</span>)</span>5 June 1819<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Laneast" title="Laneast">Laneast</a>, Cornwall, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 January 1892<span style="display:none">(1892-01-21)</span> (aged 72)<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Observatory" title="Cambridge Observatory">Cambridge Observatory</a>, Cambridgeshire, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_Neptune" title="Discovery of Neptune">Discovery of Neptune</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_multistep_method" title="Linear multistep method">Linear multistep methods</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_acceleration" title="Tidal acceleration">Tidal acceleration</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smith%27s_Prize" title="Smith's Prize">Smith's Prize</a> (1843)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> (1848)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society">Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society</a> (1866)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Mathematics</li><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St._Andrews" class="mw-redirect" title="University of St. Andrews">University of St. Andrews</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Hymers" title="John Hymers">John Hymers</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Couch Adams</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KOOTCH</span></i></a>; 5 June 1819 – 21 January 1892) was a British mathematician and <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a>. He was born in <a href="/wiki/Laneast" title="Laneast">Laneast</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Cornwall" title="Launceston, Cornwall">Launceston, Cornwall</a>, and died in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. </p><p>His most famous achievement was predicting the existence and position of <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>, using only mathematics. The calculations were made to explain discrepancies with <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Physical_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical law">laws</a> of <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Kepler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a>. At the same time, but unknown to each other, the same calculations were made by <a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a>. Le Verrier would send his coordinates to Berlin Observatory astronomer <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Galle" title="Johann Gottfried Galle">Johann Gottfried Galle</a>, who confirmed the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> on 23 September 1846, finding it within 1° of Le Verrier's predicted location. (There was, and to some extent still is, some controversy over the apportionment of credit for the discovery; see <a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_Neptune" title="Discovery of Neptune">Discovery of Neptune</a>.) Later, Adams explained the origin of <a href="/wiki/Meteor_showers" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteor showers">meteor showers</a>, which holds to the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adams was <a href="/wiki/Lowndean_Professor_of_Astronomy_and_Geometry" title="Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry">Lowndean Professor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> from 1859 until his death. He won the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society">Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society</a> in 1866. In 1884, he attended the <a href="/wiki/International_Meridian_Conference" title="International Meridian Conference">International Meridian Conference</a> as a delegate for <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">crater</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> is jointly named after him, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sydney_Adams" title="Walter Sydney Adams">Walter Sydney Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hitchcock_Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Hitchcock Adams">Charles Hitchcock Adams</a>. Neptune's <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune" title="Rings of Neptune">outermost known ring</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/1996_Adams" title="1996 Adams">1996 Adams</a> are also named after him. The <a href="/wiki/Adams_Prize" title="Adams Prize">Adams Prize</a>, presented by the University of Cambridge, commemorates his prediction of the position of Neptune. His personal library is held at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Library" title="Cambridge University Library">Cambridge University Library</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Couch_Adams_2.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/John_Couch_Adams_2.jpeg/220px-John_Couch_Adams_2.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/John_Couch_Adams_2.jpeg/330px-John_Couch_Adams_2.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/John_Couch_Adams_2.jpeg/440px-John_Couch_Adams_2.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>John Couch Adams</figcaption></figure> <p>Adams was born at Lidcot, a farm at <a href="/wiki/Laneast" title="Laneast">Laneast</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Cornwall" title="Launceston, Cornwall">Launceston, Cornwall</a>, the eldest of seven children. His parents were Thomas Adams (1788–1859), a poor <a href="/wiki/Tenant_farmer" title="Tenant farmer">tenant farmer</a>, and his wife, Tabitha Knill Grylls (1796–1866). The family were devout <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Wesleyans</a> who enjoyed music and among John's brothers, Thomas became a missionary, George a farmer, and <a href="/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams" title="William Grylls Adams">William Grylls Adams</a>, professor of <a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a>. Tabitha was a farmer's daughter but had received a rudimentary education from John Couch, her uncle, whose small library she had inherited. John was intrigued by the astronomy books from an early age.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John attended the Laneast village school where he acquired some <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>. From there, he went, at the age of twelve, to <a href="/wiki/Devonport,_Devon" class="mw-redirect" title="Devonport, Devon">Devonport</a>, where his mother's cousin, the Rev. John Couch Grylls, kept a private school.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There he learned <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a> but was largely self-taught in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, studying in the Library of <a href="/wiki/Devonport_Mechanics%27_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Devonport Mechanics' Institute">Devonport Mechanics' Institute</a> and reading <i><a href="/wiki/Rees%27s_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" title="Rees's Cyclopædia">Rees's Cyclopædia</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Vince" title="Samuel Vince">Samuel Vince</a>'s <i>Fluxions</i>. He observed <a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Halley's comet">Halley's comet</a> in 1835 from <a href="/wiki/Landulph" title="Landulph">Landulph</a> and the following year started to make his own astronomical calculations, predictions and observations, engaging in private tutoring to finance his activities.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1836, his mother inherited a small estate at <a href="/wiki/Badharlick" title="Badharlick">Badharlick</a> and his promise as a mathematician induced his parents to send him to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1839 he entered as a <a href="/wiki/Sizar" title="Sizar">sizar</a> at <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College</a>, graduating <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> in 1843 as <a href="/wiki/Senior_wrangler" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior wrangler">senior wrangler</a> and first <a href="/wiki/Smith%27s_prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Smith's prize">Smith's prizewinner</a> of his year.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_of_Neptune">Discovery of Neptune</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Discovery of Neptune"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_Neptune" title="Discovery of Neptune">Discovery of Neptune</a></div> <p>In 1821, <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Bouvard" title="Alexis Bouvard">Alexis Bouvard</a> had published astronomical tables of the <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>, making predictions of future positions based on <a href="/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion" title="Newton's laws of motion">Newton's laws of motion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_gravitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Newton's law of gravitation">gravitation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent observations revealed substantial deviations from the tables, leading Bouvard to hypothesise some perturbing body.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adams learnt of the irregularities while still an undergraduate and became convinced of the "perturbation" theory. Adams believed, in the face of anything that had been attempted before, that he could use the observed data on Uranus, and utilising nothing more than Newton's law of gravitation, deduce the <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a>, position and orbit of the perturbing body. On 3 July 1841, he noted his intention to work on the problem.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png/260px-Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png/390px-Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png/520px-Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> as seen by <a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a> in 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>After his <a href="/wiki/Final_examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Final examination">final examinations</a> in 1843, Adams was elected <a href="/wiki/Fellow#Oxford,_Cambridge_and_Dublin" title="Fellow">fellow</a> of his college and spent the summer vacation in Cornwall calculating the first of six iterations. While he worked on the problem back in Cambridge, he tutored undergraduates, sending money home to educate his brothers, and even taught his bed maker to read.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apparently, Adams communicated his work to <a href="/wiki/James_Challis" title="James Challis">James Challis</a>, director of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Observatory" title="Cambridge Observatory">Cambridge Observatory</a>, in mid-September 1845, but there is some controversy as to how. On 21 October 1845, Adams, returning from a Cornwall vacation, without appointment, twice called on <a href="/wiki/Astronomer_Royal" title="Astronomer Royal">Astronomer Royal</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>. Failing to find him at home, Adams reputedly left a manuscript of his solution, again without the detailed calculations. Airy responded with a letter to Adams asking for some clarification.<sup id="cite_ref-sheehan_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheehan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appears that Adams did not regard the question as "trivial", as is often alleged, but he failed to complete a response. Various theories have been discussed as to Adams's failure to reply, such as his general nervousness, procrastination and disorganisation.<sup id="cite_ref-sheehan_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheehan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a>, on 10 November 1845, presented to the <i><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie des sciences">Académie des sciences</a></i> in Paris a memoir on Uranus, showing that the preexisting theory failed to account for its motion.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On reading Le Verrier's memoir, Airy was struck by the coincidence and initiated a desperate race for English priority in discovery of the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The search was begun by a laborious method on 29 July.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only after the discovery of Neptune on 23 September 1846 had been announced in Paris did it become apparent that Neptune had been observed on 8 and 12 August but because Challis lacked an up-to-date star-map it was not recognized as a planet.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A keen controversy arose in France and England as to the merits of the two astronomers. As the facts became known, there was wide recognition that the two astronomers had independently solved the problem of Uranus, and each was ascribed equal importance.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there have been subsequent assertions that "The Brits Stole Neptune" and that Adams's British contemporaries retrospectively ascribed him more credit than he was due.<sup id="cite_ref-sheehan_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheehan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But it is also notable (and not included in some of the foregoing discussion references) that Adams himself publicly acknowledged Le Verrier's priority and credit (not forgetting to mention the role of Galle) in the paper that he gave 'On the Perturbations of Uranus' to the Royal Astronomical Society in November 1846:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I mention these dates merely to show that my results were arrived at independently, and previously to the publication of those of M. Le Verrier, and not with the intention of interfering with his just claims to the honours of the discovery; for there is no doubt that his researches were first published to the world, and led to the actual discovery of the planet by Dr. Galle, so that the facts stated above cannot detract, in the slightest degree, from the credit due to M. Le Verrier.</p></blockquote> <p>Adams held no bitterness towards Challis or Airy<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and acknowledged his own failure to convince the astronomical world:<sup id="cite_ref-sheehan_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheehan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> I could not expect however that practical astronomers, who were already fully occupied with important labours, would feel as much confidence in the results of my investigations, as I myself did.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work_style">Work style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Work style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His lay fellowship at St John's College came to an end in 1852, and the existing statutes did not permit his re-election. However, <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke College</a>, which possessed greater freedom, elected him in the following year to a lay fellowship which he held for the rest of his life. Despite the fame of his work on Neptune, Adams also did much important work on gravitational astronomy and terrestrial magnetism.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was particularly adept at fine numerical calculations, often making substantial revisions to the contributions of his predecessors. However, he was "extraordinarily uncompetitive, reluctant to publish imperfect work to stimulate debate or claim priority, averse to correspondence about it, and forgetful in practical matters".<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been suggested that these are <a href="/wiki/Symptom" class="mw-redirect" title="Symptom">symptoms</a> of <a href="/wiki/Asperger_syndrome" title="Asperger syndrome">Asperger syndrome</a> which would also be consistent with the "repetitive behaviours and restricted interests" necessary to perform the Neptune calculations, in addition to his difficulties in personal interaction with Challis and Airy.<sup id="cite_ref-asperger_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asperger-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1852, he published new and accurate tables of the Moon's <a href="/wiki/Parallax" title="Parallax">parallax</a>, which superseded <a href="/wiki/Johann_Karl_Burckhardt" title="Johann Karl Burckhardt">Johann Karl Burckhardt</a>'s, and supplied corrections to the theories of <a href="/wiki/Marie-Charles_Damoiseau" title="Marie-Charles Damoiseau">Marie-Charles Damoiseau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Amedeo_Plana" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana">Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Gustave_Doulcet" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe Gustave Doulcet">Philippe Gustave Doulcet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He had hoped that this work would leverage him into the vacant post as superintendent of <a href="/wiki/HM_Nautical_Almanac_Office" title="HM Nautical Almanac Office">HM Nautical Almanac Office</a> but <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Hind" title="John Russell Hind">John Russell Hind</a> was preferred, Adams lacking the necessary ability as an organiser and administrator.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lunar_theory_–_Secular_acceleration_of_the_Moon"><span id="Lunar_theory_.E2.80.93_Secular_acceleration_of_the_Moon"></span>Lunar theory – Secular acceleration of the Moon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lunar theory – Secular acceleration of the Moon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since ancient times, the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>'s mean rate of motion relative to the stars had been treated as being constant, but in 1695, <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Halley" title="Edmond Halley">Edmond Halley</a> had suggested that this mean rate was gradually increasing.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, during the eighteenth century, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dunthorne" title="Richard Dunthorne">Richard Dunthorne</a> estimated the rate as +10" (arcseconds/century<sup>2</sup>) in terms of the resulting difference in lunar longitude,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an effect that became known as the <i>secular acceleration of the Moon</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace#Planetary_and_lunar_inequalities" title="Pierre-Simon Laplace">Pierre-Simon Laplace</a> had given an <a href="/wiki/Lunar_theory" title="Lunar theory">explanation</a> in 1787 in terms of changes in the <a href="/wiki/Equation_of_time#Eccentricity_of_the_Earth's_orbit" title="Equation of time">eccentricity of the Earth's orbit</a>. He considered only the radial gravitational force on the Moon from the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> and Earth but obtained close agreement with the historical record of observations.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1820, at the insistence of the <i><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie des sciences">Académie des sciences</a></i>, Damoiseau, Plana and <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Carlini" title="Francesco Carlini">Francesco Carlini</a> revisited Laplace's work, investigating <a href="/wiki/Quadratic_function" title="Quadratic function">quadratic</a> and higher-order perturbing terms, and obtained similar results, again addressing only a radial, and neglecting tangential, gravitational force on the Moon. Hansen obtained similar results in 1842 and 1847.<sup id="cite_ref-gold_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gold-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1853, Adams published a paper<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showing that, while tangential terms vanish in the first-order theory of Laplace, they become substantial when quadratic terms are admitted. Small terms <a href="/wiki/Integral" title="Integral">integrated</a> in time come to have large effects and Adams concluded that Plana had overestimated the secular acceleration by approximately 1.66" per century.<sup id="cite_ref-gold_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gold-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At first, Le Verrier rejected Adams's results.<sup id="cite_ref-kushner_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kushner-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1856, Plana admitted Adams's conclusions, claiming to have revised his own analysis and arrived at the same results. However, he soon recanted, publishing a third result different both from Adams's and Plana's own earlier work. Delaunay in 1859 calculated the fourth-order term and duplicated Adams's result leading Adams to publish his own calculations for the fifth, sixth and seventh-order terms. Adams now calculated that only 5.7" of the observed 11" was accounted for by gravitational effects.<sup id="cite_ref-gold_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gold-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, Philippe Gustave Doulcet, Comte de Pontécoulant published a claim that the tangential force could have no effect though <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Hansen" title="Peter Andreas Hansen">Peter Andreas Hansen</a>, who seems to have cast himself in the role of <a href="/wiki/Arbitrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitrator">arbitrator</a>, declared that the <a href="/wiki/Legal_burden_of_proof" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal burden of proof">burden of proof</a> rested on Pontécoulant, while lamenting the need to discover a further effect to account for the balance. Much of the controversy centred around the <a href="/wiki/Convergent_series" title="Convergent series">convergence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Power_series_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Power series expansion">power series expansion</a> used and, in 1860, Adams duplicated his results without using a power series. Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Lubbock,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir John Lubbock, 3rd Baronet">John Lubbock</a> also duplicated Adams's results and Plana finally concurred. Adams's view was ultimately accepted and further developed, winning him the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society">Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society</a> in 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gold_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gold-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kushner_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kushner-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unexplained drift is now known to be due to <a href="/wiki/Tidal_acceleration" title="Tidal acceleration">tidal acceleration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1858 Adams became professor of mathematics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, but lectured only for a session, before returning to Cambridge for the Lowndean professorship of astronomy and geometry. Two years later he succeeded Challis as director of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Observatory" title="Cambridge Observatory">Cambridge Observatory</a>, a post Adams held until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leonids">Leonids</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Leonids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonids-1833.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Leonids-1833.jpg/170px-Leonids-1833.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Leonids-1833.jpg/255px-Leonids-1833.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Leonids-1833.jpg/340px-Leonids-1833.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1293" data-file-height="2005" /></a><figcaption>The great Leonid shower storm of 1833</figcaption></figure> <p>The great <a href="/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">meteor shower</a> of November 1866 turned his attention to the <a href="/wiki/Leonids" title="Leonids">Leonids</a>, whose probable path and period had already been discussed and predicted by <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Anson_Newton" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert Anson Newton">Hubert Anson Newton</a> in 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newton had asserted that the <a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">longitude of the ascending node</a>, that marked where the shower would occur, was increasing and the problem of explaining this variation attracted some of Europe's leading astronomers.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using a powerful and elaborate analysis, Adams ascertained that this cluster of meteors, which belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>, traverses an elongated ellipse in 33.25 years, and is subject to definite perturbations from the larger planets, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. These results were published in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some experts consider this Adams's most substantial achievement.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His "definitive orbit" for the Leonids coincided with that of the <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a> <a href="/wiki/55P/Tempel-Tuttle" class="mw-redirect" title="55P/Tempel-Tuttle">55P/Tempel-Tuttle</a> and thereby suggested the, later widely accepted, close relationship between comets and meteors.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_career">Later career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Couch_Adams_by_Sir_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/John_Couch_Adams_by_Sir_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg/220px-John_Couch_Adams_by_Sir_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/John_Couch_Adams_by_Sir_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg/330px-John_Couch_Adams_by_Sir_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/John_Couch_Adams_by_Sir_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg/440px-John_Couch_Adams_by_Sir_Hubert_von_Herkomer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3285" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of John Couch Adams by <a href="/wiki/Hubert_von_Herkomer" title="Hubert von Herkomer">Hubert von Herkomer</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1888</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Ten years later, <a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a> described a novel and elegant method for attacking the problem of lunar motion. Adams briefly announced his own unpublished work in the same field, which, following a parallel course had confirmed and supplemented Hill's.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over a period of forty years, he periodically addressed the determination of the constants in <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a>'s theory of <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_magnetism" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrestrial magnetism">terrestrial magnetism</a>. Again, the calculations involved great labour, and were not published during his lifetime. They were edited by his brother, <a href="/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams" title="William Grylls Adams">William Grylls Adams</a>, and appear in the second volume of the collected <i>Scientific Papers</i>. Numerical computation of this kind might almost be described as his pastime.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He calculated the <a href="/wiki/Euler%E2%80%93Mascheroni_constant" class="mw-redirect" title="Euler–Mascheroni constant">Euler–Mascheroni constant</a>, perhaps somewhat eccentrically, to 236 <a href="/wiki/Decimal_precision" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal precision">decimal places</a><sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and evaluated the <a href="/wiki/Bernoulli_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernoulli numbers">Bernoulli numbers</a> up to the 62nd.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adams had boundless admiration for Newton and his writings and many of his papers bear the cast of Newton's thought.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1872, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Newton_Wallop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac Newton Wallop (page does not exist)">Isaac Newton Wallop</a>, 5th Earl of Portsmouth, donated his private collection of Newton's papers to <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>. Adams and <a href="/wiki/G._G._Stokes" class="mw-redirect" title="G. G. Stokes">G. G. Stokes</a> took on the task of arranging the material, publishing a catalogue in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The post of <a href="/wiki/Astronomer_Royal" title="Astronomer Royal">Astronomer Royal</a> was offered him in 1881, but he preferred to pursue his teaching and research in Cambridge. He was British delegate to the <a href="/wiki/International_Meridian_Conference" title="International Meridian Conference">International Meridian Conference</a> at <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> in 1884, when he also attended the meetings of the British Association at <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and of the American Association at <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1847 He is reputed to have been offered a knighthood on <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>'s 1847 Cambridge visit but to have declined, either out of modesty, or fear of the financial consequences of such social distinction;<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1847 Foreign Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1848 <a href="/wiki/Copley_medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Copley medal">Copley medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1848 <a href="/wiki/Adams_Prize" title="Adams Prize">Adams Prize</a>, founded by the members of St John's College, to be given biennially for the best treatise on a mathematical subject;<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1849 Elected <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of London">Fellow of the Royal Society of London</a> and Honorary <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh">Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh</a>;</li> <li>1851 and 1874 President of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Royal Astronomical Society">Royal Astronomical Society</a> (1851–1853 and 1874–1876).<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_death">Family and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Family and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After a long illness, Adams died at Cambridge on 21 January 1892 and was buried near his home in St Giles Cemetery, now the <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Parish_Burial_Ground,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension Parish Burial Ground, Cambridge">Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground</a> in Cambridge.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1863 he had married Miss Eliza Bruce (1827–1919), of <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, who survived him, and is buried with him.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wealth at death was £32,434 (£2.6 million at 2003 prices).<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorials">Memorials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Memorial in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> with a portrait medallion, by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bruce-Joy" title="Albert Bruce-Joy">Albert Bruce-Joy</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A bust, by Joy in the hall of St John's College, Cambridge;<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Another youthful bust belongs to the Royal Astronomical Society;<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Portraits by: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_von_Herkomer" title="Hubert von Herkomer">Hubert von Herkomer</a> in Pembroke College;<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Raphael_Montord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Raphael Montord (page does not exist)">Paul Raphael Montord</a> in the combination room of St John's;<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>A memorial tablet, with an inscription by <a href="/wiki/Edward_White_Benson" title="Edward White Benson">Archbishop Benson</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Truro_Cathedral" title="Truro Cathedral">Truro Cathedral</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passmore_Edwards" class="mw-redirect" title="Passmore Edwards">Passmore Edwards</a> erected a public institute in his honour at Launceston, near his birthplace;<sup id="cite_ref-eb_1-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Nunatak" title="Adams Nunatak">Adams Nunatak</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nunatak" title="Nunatak">nunatak</a> on Neptune Glacier in <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Island" title="Alexander Island">Alexander Island</a> in Antarctica, is named after him.</li> <li>Statue by Joy in <a href="/wiki/Albert_Square,_Manchester" title="Albert Square, Manchester">Albert Square, Manchester</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Couch_Adams_Memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/John_Couch_Adams_Memorial.jpg/220px-John_Couch_Adams_Memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/John_Couch_Adams_Memorial.jpg/330px-John_Couch_Adams_Memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/John_Couch_Adams_Memorial.jpg/440px-John_Couch_Adams_Memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="5312" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to John Couch Adams in St Sidwell Church, <a href="/wiki/Laneast" title="Laneast">Laneast</a>, Cornwall.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obituaries">Obituaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Obituaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, 22 January 1892, p. 6 col. d (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Adams.html">link on this page</a>)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREF[Anon.]1892" class="citation journal cs1">[Anon.] (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/AJ.../0011//0000112.000.html">"John Couch Adams"</a>. <i>Astronomical Journal</i>. <b>11</b>: 112. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1892AJ.....11..112.">1892AJ.....11..112.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F101653">10.1086/101653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomical+Journal&rft.atitle=John+Couch+Adams&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=112&rft.date=1892&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F101653&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1892AJ.....11..112.&rft.au=%5BAnon.%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2F%2Ffull%2Fseri%2FAJ...%2F0011%2F%2F0000112.000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ.W.L._Glaisher1892" class="citation journal cs1">J.W.L. Glaisher (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/MNRAS/0053//0000184.000.html">"Obituary: John Couch Adams"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Notices_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</a></i>. <b>53</b>: 184–209. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1893MNRAS..53..184.">1893MNRAS..53..184.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F53.4.184">10.1093/mnras/53.4.184</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+John+Couch+Adams&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=184-209&rft.date=1892&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmnras%2F53.4.184&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1893MNRAS..53..184.&rft.au=J.W.L.+Glaisher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2F%2Ffull%2Fseri%2FMNRAS%2F0053%2F%2F0000184.000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ.W.L._Glaisher1892" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Whitbread_Lee_Glaisher" title="James Whitbread Lee Glaisher">J.W.L. Glaisher</a> (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/Obs../0015//0000173.000.html">"John Couch Adams"</a>. <i>The Observatory</i>. <b>15</b>: 173. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1892Obs....15..173G">1892Obs....15..173G</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observatory&rft.atitle=John+Couch+Adams&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=173&rft.date=1892&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1892Obs....15..173G&rft.au=J.W.L.+Glaisher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2F%2Ffull%2Fseri%2FObs..%2F0015%2F%2F0000173.000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>[Anon.] (1891–92) <i>Journal of the British Astronomical Association</i> <b>2</b>: 196–197</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="About_Adams_and_the_discovery_of_Neptune">About Adams and the discovery of Neptune</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: About Adams and the discovery of Neptune"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiry,_G._B.1847" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">Airy, G. B.</a> (1847). "Account of some circumstances historically connected with the discovery of the planet exterior to Uranus". <i>Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. <b>16</b>: 385–414. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1847MmRAS..16..385A">1847MmRAS..16..385A</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Account+of+some+circumstances+historically+connected+with+the+discovery+of+the+planet+exterior+to+Uranus&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=385-414&rft.date=1847&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1847MmRAS..16..385A&rft.au=Airy%2C+G.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiry,_W.1896" class="citation book cs1">Airy, W., ed. (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/etext/10655"><i>The Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy</i></a>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Autobiography+of+Sir+George+Biddell+Airy&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.org%2Fetext%2F10655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span> from <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaum,_R.Sheehan,_W.1997" class="citation book cs1">Baum, R.; Sheehan, W. (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofplanet0000baum"><i>In Search of Planet Vulcan: The Ghost in Newton's Clockwork Universe</i></a></span>. Plenum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Planet+Vulcan%3A+The+Ghost+in+Newton%27s+Clockwork+Universe&rft.pub=Plenum&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Baum%2C+R.&rft.au=Sheehan%2C+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsearchofplanet0000baum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman,_A.1988" class="citation journal cs1">Chapman, A. (1988). "Private research and public duty: George Biddell Airy and the search for Neptune". <i>Journal for the History of Astronomy</i>. <b>19</b> (2): 121–139. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988JHA....19..121C">1988JHA....19..121C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002182868801900204">10.1177/002182868801900204</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:126074998">126074998</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+History+of+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Private+research+and+public+duty%3A+George+Biddell+Airy+and+the+search+for+Neptune&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=121-139&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A126074998%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002182868801900204&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988JHA....19..121C&rft.au=Chapman%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Doggett, L.E. (1997) "Celestial mechanics", in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLankford,_J.1997" class="citation book cs1">Lankford, J., ed. (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofastrono00john"><i>History of Astronomy, an Encyclopedia</i></a></span>. Taylor & Francis. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofastrono00john/page/131">131–140</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815303220" title="Special:BookSources/9780815303220"><bdi>9780815303220</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Astronomy%2C+an+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=131-140&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780815303220&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofastrono00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDreyer,_J.L.E.Turner,_H.H.1987" class="citation book cs1">Dreyer, J.L.E.; Turner, H.H., eds. (1987) [1923]. <i>History of the Royal Astronomical Society [1]: 1820–1920</i>. pp. 161–162.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society+%5B1%5D%3A+1820%E2%80%931920&rft.pages=161-162&rft.date=1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrosser,_M.1962" class="citation book cs1">Grosser, M. (1962). <i>The Discovery of Neptune</i>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-21225-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-21225-8"><bdi>0-674-21225-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+Neptune&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=0-674-21225-8&rft.au=Grosser%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Adams, John Couch". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Scientific_Biography" title="Dictionary of Scientific Biography">Dictionary of Scientific Biography</a></i>. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1970. pp. 53–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-10114-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-10114-9"><bdi>0-684-10114-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adams%2C+John+Couch&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Scientific+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=53-54&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-684-10114-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Harrison, H.M. (1994). <i>Voyager in Time and Space: The Life of John Couch Adams, Cambridge Astronomer</i>. Lewes: Book Guild, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86332-918-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-86332-918-7">0-86332-918-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes,_D.W.1996" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, D.W. (1996). "J.C. Adams, Cambridge and Neptune". <i>Notes and Records of the Royal Society</i>. <b>50</b> (2): 245–248. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.1996.0027">10.1098/rsnr.1996.0027</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146396595">146396595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=J.C.+Adams%2C+Cambridge+and+Neptune&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=245-248&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.1996.0027&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146396595%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Hughes%2C+D.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ.W.L.G._[J.W.L._Glaisher]1882" class="citation journal cs1">J.W.L.G. [J.W.L. Glaisher] (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F43.4.160">"James Challis"</a>. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. <b>43</b> (4): 160–179. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1883MNRAS..43..160.">1883MNRAS..43..160.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F43.4.160">10.1093/mnras/43.4.160</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=James+Challis&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=160-179&rft.date=1882&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmnras%2F43.4.160&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1883MNRAS..43..160.&rft.au=J.W.L.G.+%5BJ.W.L.+Glaisher%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fmnras%252F43.4.160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKollerstrom2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kollerstrom" title="Nicholas Kollerstrom">Kollerstrom, Nick</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051111190351/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sts/nk/neptune/index.htm">"Neptune's Discovery. The British Case for Co-Prediction"</a>. University College London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sts/nk/neptune/index.htm">the original</a> on 11 November 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neptune%27s+Discovery.+The+British+Case+for+Co-Prediction.&rft.pub=University+College+London&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Kollerstrom&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fsts%2Fnk%2Fneptune%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore,_P.1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Moore" title="Patrick Moore">Moore, P.</a> (1996). <i>The Planet Neptune: An Historical Survey before Voyager</i>. Praxis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Planet+Neptune%3A+An+Historical+Survey+before+Voyager&rft.pub=Praxis&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Moore%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSampson,_R.A.1904" class="citation journal cs1">Sampson, R.A. (1904). "A description of Adams's manuscripts on the perturbations of Uranus". <i>Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. <b>54</b>: 143–161. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1904MmRAS..54..143S">1904MmRAS..54..143S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=A+description+of+Adams%27s+manuscripts+on+the+perturbations+of+Uranus&rft.volume=54&rft.pages=143-161&rft.date=1904&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1904MmRAS..54..143S&rft.au=Sampson%2C+R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"John Couch Adams and the discovery of Neptune". <i><a href="/wiki/Occasional_Notes_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Occasional Notes of the Royal Astronomical Society">Occasional Notes of the Royal Astronomical Society</a></i>. <b>2</b>: 33–88. 1947.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occasional+Notes+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=John+Couch+Adams+and+the+discovery+of+Neptune&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=33-88&rft.date=1947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_R.W.1989" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, R.W. (1989). "The Cambridge network in action: the discovery of Neptune". <i>Isis</i>. <b>80</b> (303): 395–422. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F355082">10.1086/355082</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144191212">144191212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=The+Cambridge+network+in+action%3A+the+discovery+of+Neptune&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=303&rft.pages=395-422&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F355082&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144191212%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Smith%2C+R.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStandage,_T.2000" class="citation book cs1">Standage, T. (2000). <i>The Neptune File</i>. Penguin Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Neptune+File&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Standage%2C+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lyttleton" title="Raymond Lyttleton">Lyttleton, Raymond Arthur</a>, (1968) <i>Mysteries of the Solar System</i>, Clarendon, Oxford, UK (1968), Chapter 7: The discovery of Neptune<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_Adams">By Adams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: By Adams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adams, J.C., ed. W.G. Adams & <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Allen_Sampson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Allen Sampson">R. A. Sampson</a> (1896–1900) <i>The Scientific Papers of John Couch Adams</i>, 2 vols, London: Cambridge University Press, with a memoir by <a href="/wiki/James_Whitbread_Lee_Glaisher" title="James Whitbread Lee Glaisher">J.W.L. Glaisher</a>: <ul><li>Vol. 1 (1896) Previously published writings;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vol. 2 (1900) Manuscripts including the substance of his lectures on the Lunar Theory.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown1901_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown1901-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Adams, J.C., ed. R.A. Sampson (1900) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lecturesonlunar01sampgoog"><i>Lectures on the Lunar Theory</i></a>, London: Cambridge University Press<sup id="cite_ref-Brown1901_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown1901-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A collection, virtually complete, of Adams's papers regarding the discovery of Neptune was presented by Mrs Adams to the library of St John's College, see: Sampson (1904), and also: <ul><li>"The collected papers of Prof. Adams", <i>Journal of the British Astronomical Association</i>, <b>7</b> (1896–97)</li> <li><i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, <b>53</b> 184;</li> <li><i>Observatory</i>, <b>15</b> 174;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>, <b>34</b> 565; <b>45</b> 301;</li> <li><i>Astronomical Journal</i>, No. 254;</li> <li>R. Grant, <i>History of Physical Astronomy</i>, p. 168; and</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Review" title="Edinburgh Review">Edinburgh Review</a></i>, No. 381, p. 72.</li></ul></li> <li>The papers were ultimately lodged with the Royal Greenwich Observatory and evacuated to <a href="/wiki/Herstmonceux_Castle" title="Herstmonceux Castle">Herstmonceux Castle</a> during World War II. After the war, they were stolen by <a href="/wiki/Olin_J._Eggen" title="Olin J. Eggen">Olin J. Eggen</a> and only recovered in 1998, hampering much historical research in the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-eggen_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eggen-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/48px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/64px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cornwall" title="Portal:Cornwall">Cornwall portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Christopher_Carrington#Intrigue_at_RAS_and_Cambridge_Observatory" title="Richard Christopher Carrington">Intrigue at RAS and Cambridge Observatory</a> from the biography of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Christopher_Carrington" title="Richard Christopher Carrington">Richard Christopher Carrington</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-eb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb_1-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Adams,_John_Couch" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Adams, John Couch">Adams, John Couch</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 177–178.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adams%2C+John+Couch&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=177-178&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/cosmic-redemption-astronomer-john-couch-adams/">"The cosmic redemption of astronomer John Couch Adams"</a>. 17 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+cosmic+redemption+of+astronomer+John+Couch+Adams&rft.date=2024-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigthink.com%2Fstarts-with-a-bang%2Fcosmic-redemption-astronomer-john-couch-adams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchins2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hutchins, Roger (2004). "Adams, John Couch (1819–1892)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F123">10.1093/ref:odnb/123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adams%2C+John+Couch+%281819%E2%80%931892%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F123&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACADADMS839JC" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=ADMS839JC&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Adams, John Couch (ADMS839JC)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adams%2C+John+Couch+%28ADMS839JC%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DADMS839JC%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bouvard, A. (1821) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1821tapp.book.....B"><i>Tables astronomiques publiées par le Bureau des Longitudes de France</i></a>, Paris, FR: Bachelier</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Anon.] (2001) "Bouvard, Alexis", <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, Deluxe CDROM edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sheehan-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sheehan_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sheehan_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sheehan_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sheehan_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan,_W.Kollerstrom,_NicholasWaff,_Craig_B.2004" class="citation journal cs1">Sheehan, W.; Kollerstrom, Nicholas; Waff, Craig B. 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"The Case of the Pilfered Planet – Did the British steal Neptune?". <i>Scientific American</i>. <b>291</b> (6): 92–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1204-92">10.1038/scientificamerican1204-92</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15597985">15597985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+Case+of+the+Pilfered+Planet+%E2%80%93+Did+the+British+steal+Neptune%3F&rft.volume=291&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=92-99&rft.date=2004-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1204-92&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15597985&rft.au=Sheehan%2C+W.&rft.au=Kollerstrom%2C+Nicholas&rft.au=Waff%2C+Craig+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmart,_W._M.1946" class="citation journal cs1">Smart, W. 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"John Couch Adams and the discovery of Neptune". <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>158</b> (4019): 829–830. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1946Natur.158..648S">1946Natur.158..648S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F158648a0">10.1038/158648a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4074284">4074284</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=John+Couch+Adams+and+the+discovery+of+Neptune&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=4019&rft.pages=829-830&rft.date=1946&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4074284%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F158648a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1946Natur.158..648S&rft.au=Smart%2C+W.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams,_J.C.1846" class="citation web cs1">Adams, J.C. (1846). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/appendicestovari00grearich">"On the Perturbations of Uranus"</a>. <i>Appendices to various nautical almanacs between the years 1834 and 1854 (reprints published 1851) (note that this is a 50Mb download of the pdf scan of the nineteenth-century printed book)</i>. UK Nautical Almanac Office. p. 265<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Appendices+to+various+nautical+almanacs+between+the+years+1834+and+1854+%28reprints+published+1851%29+%28note+that+this+is+a+50Mb+download+of+the+pdf+scan+of+the+nineteenth-century+printed+book%29&rft.atitle=On+the+Perturbations+of+Uranus&rft.pages=265&rft.date=1846&rft.au=Adams%2C+J.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fappendicestovari00grearich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asperger-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asperger_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan,_W.Thurber,_S.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sheehan, W.; Thurber, S. (2007). 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Trans. R. Soc</i>. <b>218</b>: 160–175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1695.0023">10.1098/rstl.1695.0023</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/102291">102291</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186214936">186214936</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philos.+Trans.+R.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Some+Account+of+the+Ancient+State+of+the+City+of+Palmyra%2C+with+remarks+on+the+Inscriptions+found+there&rft.volume=218&rft.pages=160-175&rft.date=1695&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A186214936%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F102291%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1695.0023&rft.au=Halley%2C+Edmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphiltrans06532945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span> Also Philos. Trans. R. Soc. (Abridgements) vol. 4 (1694–1702) pp. 60 at 65: Halley concluded his 1695 article on middle-eastern antiquities by writing: "And if any curious traveller ... would please to observe, with due care, the phases of the moon's eclipses at Bagdat, Aleppo and Alexandria, thereby to determine their longitudes, they could not do the science of astronomy a greater service: for in and near these places were made all the observations by which the mean motions of the sun and moon are limited: and I could then pronounce in what proportion the moon's motion does accelerate; which that it does, I think I can demonstrate." But it was left to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dunthorne" title="Richard Dunthorne">Richard Dunthorne</a> actually to make the first quantitative assessment of the Moon's apparent acceleration.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunthorne,_Richard1749" class="citation journal cs1">Dunthorne, Richard (1749). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1749.0031">"A Letter from the Rev. Mr. Richard Dunthorne to the Reverend Mr. Richard Mason F.R.S. and Keeper of the Wood-Wardian Museum at Cambridge, concerning the Acceleration of the Moon"</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions</i>. <b>46</b> (492): 162–172. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1749RSPT...46..162D">1749RSPT...46..162D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1749.0031">10.1098/rstl.1749.0031</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186210495">186210495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions&rft.atitle=A+Letter+from+the+Rev.+Mr.+Richard+Dunthorne+to+the+Reverend+Mr.+Richard+Mason+F.R.S.+and+Keeper+of+the+Wood-Wardian+Museum+at+Cambridge%2C+concerning+the+Acceleration+of+the+Moon&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=492&rft.pages=162-172&rft.date=1749&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A186210495%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1749.0031&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1749RSPT...46..162D&rft.au=Dunthorne%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frstl.1749.0031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span><br /> –  also given in Philosophical Transactions (abridgements) (1809), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/philosophicaltra09royarich#page/669/mode/2up">vol. 9 (for 1744–49), pp. 669–675</a> as "On the Acceleration of the Moon, by the Rev. Richard Dunthorne".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy,_A.E.2005" class="citation book cs1">Roy, A.E. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hzv7k2vH6PgC&pg=PA313"><i>Orbital Motion</i></a>. 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(1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00348444">"The controversy surrounding the secular acceleration of the moon's mean motion"</a>. <i>Archive for History of Exact Sciences</i>. <b>39</b> (4): 291–316. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989AHES...39..291K">1989AHES...39..291K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00348444">10.1007/BF00348444</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41133856">41133856</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:116653391">116653391</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archive+for+History+of+Exact+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+controversy+surrounding+the+secular+acceleration+of+the+moon%27s+mean+motion&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=291-316&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00348444&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A116653391%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41133856%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989AHES...39..291K&rft.au=Kushner%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2FBF00348444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/cosmic-redemption-astronomer-john-couch-adams/">"The cosmic redemption of astronomer John Couch Adams"</a>. 17 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+cosmic+redemption+of+astronomer+John+Couch+Adams&rft.date=2024-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigthink.com%2Fstarts-with-a-bang%2Fcosmic-redemption-astronomer-john-couch-adams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/prism.php?id=55">"Introduction to the Newton Manuscripts Catalogue"</a>. 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Soc</i>. <b>7</b> (6): 272–278. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1901-00798-7">10.1090/s0002-9904-1901-00798-7</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=The+Scientific+Papers+of+John+Couch+Adams%2C+Vol.+II%2C+Part+1+ed.+by+R.A.+Sampson%2C+Part+2+ed.+by+W.G.+Adams&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=272-278&rft.date=1901&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1901-00798-7&rft.au=Brown%2C+Ernest+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1090%252Fs0002-9904-1901-00798-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eggen-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eggen_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKollerstrom,_N.2001" class="citation web cs1">Kollerstrom, N. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050206110748/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sts/nk/neptune/takes.htm">"Eggen takes the papers"</a>. <i>The British Case for Co-prediction</i>. University College London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sts/nk/neptune/takes.htm">the original</a> on 6 February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Case+for+Co-prediction&rft.atitle=Eggen+takes+the+papers&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Kollerstrom%2C+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fsts%2Fnk%2Fneptune%2Ftakes.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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<a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Adams.html">"John Couch Adams"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John+Couch+Adams&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FAdams.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Adams, John Couch"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Adams,_John_Couch">"Adams, John Couch" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adams%2C+John+Couch&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Adams, John Couch"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Adams,_John_Couch">"Adams, John Couch" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adams%2C+John+Couch&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Couch+Adams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Davor Krajnovic, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03886">John Couch Adams: mathematical astronomer, college friend of George Gabriel Stokes and promotor of women in astronomy</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet">Benjamin Collins Brodie</a> (1811)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Brande" title="William Thomas Brande">William Thomas Brande</a> (1813)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Ivory_(mathematician)" title="James Ivory (mathematician)">James Ivory</a> (1814)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Brewster" title="David Brewster">David Brewster</a> (1815)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kater" title="Henry Kater">Henry Kater</a> (1817)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Seppings" title="Robert Seppings">Robert Seppings</a> (1818)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Hans Christian Ørsted</a> (1820)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sabine" title="Edward Sabine">Edward Sabine</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> (1821)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Buckland" title="William Buckland">William Buckland</a> (1822)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Pond" title="John Pond">John Pond</a> (1823)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Brinkley_(astronomer)" title="John Brinkley (astronomer)">John Brinkley</a> (1824)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">François Arago</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Barlow_(mathematician)" title="Peter Barlow (mathematician)">Peter Barlow</a> (1825)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_South" title="James South">James South</a> (1826)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Prout" title="William Prout">William Prout</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Foster_(scientist)" title="Henry Foster (scientist)">Henry Foster</a> (1827)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a> (1831)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%A9on_Denis_Poisson" title="Siméon Denis Poisson">Siméon Denis Poisson</a> (1832)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Amedeo_Plana" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana">Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana</a> (1834)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Snow_Harris" title="William Snow Harris">William Snow Harris</a> (1835)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</a> / <a href="/wiki/Francis_Kiernan" title="Francis Kiernan">Francis Kiernan</a> (1836)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_C%C3%A9sar_Becquerel" title="Antoine César Becquerel">Antoine César Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Frederic_Daniell" title="John Frederic Daniell">John Frederic Daniell</a> (1837)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> (1838)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1773)" title="Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)">Robert Brown</a> (1839)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sturm" title="Jacques Charles François Sturm">Jacques Charles François Sturm</a> (1840)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm">Georg Ohm</a> (1841)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_MacCullagh" title="James MacCullagh">James MacCullagh</a> (1842)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Dumas" title="Jean-Baptiste Dumas">Jean-Baptiste Dumas</a> (1843)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Matteucci" title="Carlo Matteucci">Carlo Matteucci</a> (1844)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Schwann" title="Theodor Schwann">Theodor Schwann</a> (1845)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a> (1846)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> (1847)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Couch Adams</a> (1848)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a> (1849)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Hansen" title="Peter Andreas Hansen">Peter Andreas Hansen</a> (1850)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neptune" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;;background:#A0FFAO;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neptune" title="Template:Neptune"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neptune" title="Template talk:Neptune"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neptune" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neptune"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neptune" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Neptune" title="Outline of Neptune">Outline of Neptune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dark_Spot" title="Great Dark Spot">Great Dark Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Dark_Spot" title="Small Dark Spot">Small Dark Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune" title="Rings of Neptune">Rings</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png" class="mw-file-description" title="True color NASA image of Neptune"><img alt="True color NASA image of Neptune" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png/100px-Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png/150px-Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png/200px-Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>True color NASA image of Neptune</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune" title="Moons of Neptune">Moons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naiad_(moon)" title="Naiad (moon)">Naiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassa_(moon)" title="Thalassa (moon)">Thalassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despina_(moon)" title="Despina (moon)">Despina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatea_(moon)" title="Galatea (moon)">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa_(moon)" title="Larissa (moon)">Larissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocamp_(moon)" title="Hippocamp (moon)">Hippocamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus_(moon)" title="Proteus (moon)">Proteus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid_(moon)" title="Nereid (moon)">Nereid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halimede_(moon)" title="Halimede (moon)">Halimede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sao_(moon)" title="Sao (moon)">Sao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2002_N_5" title="S/2002 N 5">S/2002 N 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laomedeia" title="Laomedeia">Laomedeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamathe_(moon)" title="Psamathe (moon)">Psamathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neso_(moon)" title="Neso (moon)">Neso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2021_N_1" title="S/2021 N 1">S/2021 N 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Astronomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_Neptune" title="Discovery of Neptune">Discovery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Galle" title="Johann Gottfried Galle">Johann Gottfried Galle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Couch Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Louis_d%27Arrest" title="Heinrich Louis d'Arrest">Heinrich Louis d'Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lassell" title="William Lassell">William Lassell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neptune-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Neptune-crossing minor planets">Neptune-crossing minor planets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Neptune_trojan" title="Neptune trojan">Trojans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/385571_Otrera" title="385571 Otrera">385571 Otrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/385695_Clete" title="385695 Clete">385695 Clete</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_QR322" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 QR322">2001 QR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">322</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_KV18" title="2004 KV18">2004 KV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">18</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_TN53" title="2005 TN53">2005 TN<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">53</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_RJ103" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 RJ103">2006 RJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">103</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_VL305" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 VL305">2007 VL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">305</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_LC18" title="2008 LC18">2008 LC<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">18</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_HM102" title="2011 HM102">2011 HM<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">102</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Neptune" title="Exploration of Neptune">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> <small>(1989 flyby)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shensuo_(spacecraft)" title="Shensuo (spacecraft)">Shensuo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_Odyssey" title="Neptune Odyssey">Neptune Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODINUS" title="ODINUS">ODINUS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triton_Hopper" title="Triton Hopper">Triton Hopper</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trident_(spacecraft)" title="Trident (spacecraft)">Trident</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Not selected</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Argo_(NASA_spacecraft)" title="Argo (NASA spacecraft)">Argo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons_2" title="New Horizons 2">New Horizons 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_in_fiction" title="Neptune in fiction">Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_(mythology)" title="Neptune (mythology)">Mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Neptune" title="Category:Neptune">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/07747161X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6pk0hgc">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&oldid=1255612586">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Couch_Adams&oldid=1255612586</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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