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<li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kingdom of Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1660_to_1800" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1660_to_1800"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1660 to 1800</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1660_to_1800-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Act_of_Union_and_abolition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Act_of_Union_and_abolition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The Act of Union and abolition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Act_of_Union_and_abolition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="البرلمان الأيرلندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البرلمان الأيرلندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6" title="আয়ারল্যান্ডের সংসদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আয়ারল্যান্ডের সংসদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Парламент на Ирландия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парламент на Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_d%27Irlanda" title="Parlament d'Irlanda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parlament d'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Parliament of Ireland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parliament of Ireland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_d%27Irlande" title="Parlement d'Irlande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parlement d'Irlande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlaimint_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Parlaimint na hÉireann – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Parlaimint na hÉireann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="הפרלמנט של אירלנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפרלמנט של אירלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlimen_Ireland" title="Parlimen Ireland – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parlimen Ireland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_van_Ierland" title="Parlement van Ierland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Parlement van Ierland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A_(1297-1800)" title="アイルランド議会 (1297-1800) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイルランド議会 (1297-1800)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_irske_parlamentet" title="Det irske parlamentet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det irske parlamentet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_da_Irlanda" title="Parlamento da Irlanda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parlamento da Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8_(%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Парламент Ирландии (исторический) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламент Ирландии (исторический)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Parliament" title="Irish Parliament – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Irish Parliament" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlannin_parlamentti_(lakkautettu_1801)" title="Irlannin parlamentti (lakkautettu 1801) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Irlannin parlamentti (lakkautettu 1801)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐสภาไอร์แลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐสภาไอร์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97" title="Парламент Ірландії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парламент Ірландії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1889821#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former parliament of Ireland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the legislature abolished at the end of 1800. 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background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Parliament of Ireland</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Parlaimint na hÉireann</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Ireland_(historical).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Arms_of_Ireland_%28historical%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_Ireland_%28historical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Arms_of_Ireland_%28historical%29.svg/225px-Arms_of_Ireland_%28historical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Arms_of_Ireland_%28historical%29.svg/300px-Arms_of_Ireland_%28historical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="537" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Arms_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms of Ireland">Arms of Ireland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">Bicameral</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Houses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Lords" title="Irish House of Lords">House of Lords</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Irish House of Commons">House of Commons</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1297</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disbanded</th><td class="infobox-data">31 December 1800</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor_of_Ireland" title="Lord Chancellor of Ireland">Speaker of the House of Lords</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/John_FitzGibbon,_1st_Earl_of_Clare" title="John FitzGibbon, 1st Earl of Clare">The Earl of Clare</a> (last) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Speaker of the Irish House of Commons">Speaker of the House of Commons</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/John_Foster,_1st_Baron_Oriel" title="John Foster, 1st Baron Oriel">John Foster</a> (last) </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Lords" title="Irish House of Lords">House of Lords</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ennoblement" title="Ennoblement">Ennoblement</a> by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Irish monarchs">the monarch</a> or inheritance of a <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">peerage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Irish House of Commons">House of Commons</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_past_the_post" class="mw-redirect" title="First past the post">First past the post</a> with limited suffrage</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GILBERT(1896)_p109_PROSPECTIVE_VIEW_OF_THE_PARLIAMENT_HOUSE,_DUBLIN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GILBERT%281896%29_p109_PROSPECTIVE_VIEW_OF_THE_PARLIAMENT_HOUSE%2C_DUBLIN.jpg/220px-GILBERT%281896%29_p109_PROSPECTIVE_VIEW_OF_THE_PARLIAMENT_HOUSE%2C_DUBLIN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GILBERT%281896%29_p109_PROSPECTIVE_VIEW_OF_THE_PARLIAMENT_HOUSE%2C_DUBLIN.jpg/330px-GILBERT%281896%29_p109_PROSPECTIVE_VIEW_OF_THE_PARLIAMENT_HOUSE%2C_DUBLIN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GILBERT%281896%29_p109_PROSPECTIVE_VIEW_OF_THE_PARLIAMENT_HOUSE%2C_DUBLIN.jpg/440px-GILBERT%281896%29_p109_PROSPECTIVE_VIEW_OF_THE_PARLIAMENT_HOUSE%2C_DUBLIN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1951" data-file-height="1433" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Dublin" title="Parliament House, Dublin">Parliament House, Dublin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Footnotes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">---- See also:<br /><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Parliament of Ireland</b> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Parlaimint na hÉireann</i>) was the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a>, and later the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a>, from 1297 until the end of 1800. It was modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> and from 1537 comprised two chambers: the <a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Irish House of Commons">House of Commons</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Lords" title="Irish House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. The Lords were members of the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">Irish peerage</a> ('<a href="/wiki/Lords_Temporal" title="Lords Temporal">lords temporal</a>') and <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a> ('<a href="/wiki/Lords_Spiritual" title="Lords Spiritual">lords spiritual</a>'; after the Reformation, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> bishops). The Commons was directly elected, albeit on a very restricted <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">franchise</a>. Parliaments met at various places in <a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a>, but latterly always in Dublin: in <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin">Christ Church Cathedral</a> (15th century),<sup id="cite_ref-Richardson1943p451_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardson1943p451-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a> (to 1649), <a href="/wiki/Chichester_House" title="Chichester House">Chichester House</a> (1661–1727), the <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Hospital" title="The King's Hospital">Blue Coat School</a> (1729–31), and finally a purpose-built <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Dublin" title="Parliament House, Dublin">Parliament House</a> on <a href="/wiki/College_Green,_Dublin" title="College Green, Dublin">College Green</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main purpose of parliament was to approve taxes that were then levied by and for the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle_administration" title="Dublin Castle administration">Dublin Castle administration</a>. Those who would pay the bulk of taxation, namely the clergy, merchants, and landowners, also comprised the members. Only the "<a href="/wiki/Old_English_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English (Ireland)">English of Ireland</a>" were represented until the first <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic</a> lords were summoned during the 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Tudor_reconquest" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor reconquest">Tudor reconquest</a>. Under <a href="/wiki/Poynings%27_Law_(on_certification_of_acts)" title="Poynings' Law (on certification of acts)">Poynings' Law</a> of 1495, all <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts of Parliament">Acts of Parliament</a> had to be pre-approved by the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Privy Council">Irish Privy Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="English Privy Council">English Privy Council</a>. Parliament supported the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Reformation">Irish Reformation</a> and Catholics were excluded from membership and voting in <a href="/wiki/Penal_times" class="mw-redirect" title="Penal times">penal times</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_1782" title="Constitution of 1782">Constitution of 1782</a> amended Poynings' Law to allow the Irish Parliament to initiate legislation. Catholics were re-enfranchised under the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Relief_Act_1793" title="Roman Catholic Relief Act 1793">Roman Catholic Relief Act 1793</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union 1800</a> merged the Kingdom of Ireland and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> into the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>. The parliament was merged with <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">that of Great Britain</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">united Parliament</a> was in effect the British parliament at <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Westminster</a> enlarged with a subset of the Irish Lords and Commons. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" title="Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland">Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland</a>, administration of the Anglo-Norman <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a> was modelled on that of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a>. <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a> was extended in <a href="/wiki/1217_in_Ireland" title="1217 in Ireland">1217</a> in the Charter of Ireland. As in England, parliament evolved out of the <a href="/wiki/Magnum_Concilium" title="Magnum Concilium">Magnum Concilium</a> "great council" summoned by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_governor_of_Ireland" title="Chief governor of Ireland">king's viceroy</a>, attended by the council (<a href="/wiki/Curia_regis" title="Curia regis">curia regis</a>), magnates (<a href="/wiki/Feudal_lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal lord">feudal lords</a>), and prelates (bishops and <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbots</a>). Membership was based on <a href="/wiki/Fealty" title="Fealty">fealty</a> to the king, and the preservation of the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's peace">king's peace</a>, and so the fluctuating number of autonomous Irish <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> kings were outside of the system; they had their own local <a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_law" title="Early Irish law">brehon law</a> taxation arrangements. The earliest known parliament met at <a href="/wiki/Kilkea_Castle" title="Kilkea Castle">Kilkea Castle</a> near <a href="/wiki/Castledermot" title="Castledermot">Castledermot</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">County Kildare</a> on 18 June 1264, with only prelates and magnates attending.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elected representatives are first attested in 1297 and continually from the later 14th century. In 1297, counties were first represented by elected <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_shire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights of the shire">knights of the shire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">sheriffs</a> had previously represented them). In 1299, towns were represented. From the 14th century a distinction from the English parliament was that deliberations on church funding were held in Parliament rather than in <a href="/wiki/Convocations_of_Canterbury_and_York" title="Convocations of Canterbury and York">Convocation</a>. The separation of the individually summoned lords from the elected commons had developed by the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clerical proctors elected by the lower clergy of each diocese formed a separate house or <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm" title="Estates of the realm">estate</a> in until 1537, when they were expelled for their opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Reformation">Irish Reformation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richardson1943p451_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardson1943p451-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-act1537_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act1537-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 14th and 15th centuries saw shrinking numbers of those loyal to the crown, the growing power of landed families, and the increasing inability to carry out judicial rulings, that all reduced the crown's presence in Ireland. Alongside this reduced control grew a <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_1169%E2%80%931536#Gaelic_resurgence_1350-1500" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland 1169–1536">"Gaelic resurgence"</a> that was political as well as cultural. In turn this resulted in considerable numbers of the Hiberno-Norman <a href="/wiki/Old_English_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English (Ireland)">Old English</a> nobility joining the independent Gaelic nobles in asserting their feudal independence. Eventually the crown's power shrank to a small fortified enclave around Dublin known as <a href="/wiki/The_Pale" title="The Pale">the Pale</a>. The Parliament thereafter became essentially the forum for the Pale community until the 16th century. </p><p>Unable to implement and exercise the authority of the Parliament or the Crown's rule outside of this environ, and increasingly under the attack of raids by the Gaelic Irish and independent Hiberno-Norman nobles, the Palesmen themselves encouraged the Kings of England to take a more direct role in the affairs of Ireland. Geographic distance, the lack of attention by the Crown because of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>, and the larger power of the Gaelic clans, all reduced the effectiveness of the Irish Parliament. Thus, increasingly worried that the Irish Parliament was essentially being overawed by powerful landed families in Ireland like the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Kildare" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl of Kildare">Earl of Kildare</a> into passing laws that pursued the agendas of the different dynastic factions in the country, in 1494, the Parliament encouraged the passing of <a href="/wiki/Poynings%27_Law_(on_certification_of_acts)" title="Poynings' Law (on certification of acts)">Poynings' Law</a> which subordinated Irish Parliament to the English one. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The role of the Parliament changed after 1541, when <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> declared the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a> and embarked on the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Tudor conquest of Ireland">Tudor conquest of Ireland</a>. Despite an era which featured royal concentration of power and decreasing feudal power throughout the rest of Europe, King Henry VIII over-ruled earlier court rulings putting families and lands under <a href="/wiki/Attainder" title="Attainder">attainder</a> and recognised the privileges of the Gaelic nobles, thereby expanding the crown's <i>de jure</i> authority. In return for recognising the crown's authority under the new Kingdom of Ireland, the Gaelic-Anglo-Irish lords had their position legalised and were entitled to attend the Irish Parliament as equals under the policy of <a href="/wiki/Surrender_and_regrant" title="Surrender and regrant">surrender and regrant</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Ireland" title="Reformation in Ireland">Reformation in Ireland</a> introduced in stages by the Tudor monarchs did not take hold in most of the country, and did not affect the operation of parliament until after the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Regnans_in_Excelsis" title="Regnans in Excelsis">Regnans in Excelsis</a></i> of 1570. Initially in 1537, the Irish Parliament approved both the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Supremacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Supremacy">Act of Supremacy</a>, acknowledging Henry VIII as head of the Church and the dissolution of the monasteries.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the parliaments of 1569 and 1585, the Old English Catholic representatives in the Irish Commons had several disputes with the crown's authorities over the introduction of penal legislation against Catholics and over-paying of "<a href="/wiki/Cess" title="Cess">Cess</a>" tax for the putting down of various Gaelic and Catholic rebellions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For this reason, and the political fallout after the 1605 <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunpowder plot">Gunpowder plot</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a> in 1613–15, the constituencies for the Irish House of Commons were changed to give Protestants a majority. The Plantation of Ulster allowed English and Scottish Protestant candidates in as representatives of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">boroughs</a> in planted areas. Initially this gave Protestants a majority of 132–100 in the House of Commons. However, after vehement Catholic protests, including a brawl in the chamber on Parliament's first sitting, some of the new Parliamentary constituencies were eliminated, giving Protestants a slight majority (108-102) of members of the House of Commons thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the House of Lords the Catholic majority continued until the 1689 "<a href="/wiki/Patriot_Parliament" title="Patriot Parliament">Patriot Parliament</a>", with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a> period (1649–60). Following the general uprising of the Catholic Irish in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">Irish Rebellion of 1641</a> and the self-established <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Ireland" title="Confederate Ireland">Catholic assembly</a> in 1642–49, Roman Catholics were barred from voting or attending the Parliament altogether in the Cromwellian <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1652" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Settlement 1652">Act of Settlement 1652</a>, which was reversed by the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Ireland)" title="Restoration (Ireland)">Restoration</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> in 1660. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1660_to_1800">1660 to 1800</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1660 to 1800"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Great_Parliament_of_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_Great_Parliament_of_Ireland.jpg/220px-The_Great_Parliament_of_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_Great_Parliament_of_Ireland.jpg/330px-The_Great_Parliament_of_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/The_Great_Parliament_of_Ireland.jpg/440px-The_Great_Parliament_of_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>The House of Commons in session (by Henry Barraud, John Hayter)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Irish_House_of_Commons_in_1780_by_Francis_Wheatley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Irish_House_of_Commons_in_1780_by_Francis_Wheatley.jpg/220px-The_Irish_House_of_Commons_in_1780_by_Francis_Wheatley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Irish_House_of_Commons_in_1780_by_Francis_Wheatley.jpg/330px-The_Irish_House_of_Commons_in_1780_by_Francis_Wheatley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Irish_House_of_Commons_in_1780_by_Francis_Wheatley.jpg/440px-The_Irish_House_of_Commons_in_1780_by_Francis_Wheatley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2605" data-file-height="1994" /></a><figcaption>The House of Commons in session (by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Wheatley_(painter)" title="Francis Wheatley (painter)">Francis Wheatley</a>, 1780)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Parliament of Ireland">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Following the death of Cromwell and the end of the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a>, the Stuarts returned to the throne thereby ending the sectarian divisions relating to parliament. Then, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II of England</a>, who had converted to Roman Catholicism, Irish Catholics briefly recovered their pre-eminent position as the crown now favoured their community. When James was overthrown in England, he turned to his Catholic supporters in the Irish Parliament for support. In return for its support during the <a href="/wiki/Williamite_war_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Williamite war in Ireland">Williamite war in Ireland</a> (1688–91), a Catholic majority <i><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Parliament" title="Patriot Parliament">Patriot Parliament</a></i> of 1689 persuaded James to pass legislation granting it autonomy to and to restore lands confiscated from Catholics in the <a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest of Ireland</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobite</a> defeat in this war meant that under <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III of England</a> Protestants were returned to a favoured position in Irish society while substantial numbers of Catholic nobles and leaders could no longer sit in parliament unless they took a loyalty oath as agreed under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Limerick" title="Treaty of Limerick">Treaty of Limerick</a>. Having proven their support for Catholic absolutism by their loyal support for James during the war, and because the Papacy supported the Jacobites after 1693, Irish Catholics increasingly faced discriminatory legislation in the <a href="/wiki/Penal_Laws_against_Irish_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Penal Laws against Irish Catholics">Penal Laws</a> that were passed by the predominantly loyalist and Protestant Parliament from 1695. </p><p>Nonetheless, the franchise was still available to wealthier Catholics. Until 1728, Catholics voted in House of Commons elections and held seats in the Lords. For no particular reason, beyond a general pressure for Catholics to conform, they were barred from voting in the election for the first parliament in the reign of <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a>. Privileges were also mostly limited to supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a>. Protestants who did not recognise the state-supported Church were also discriminated against in law, so <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">non-conformists</a> such as Presbyterians, Congregationalists and Quakers also had a subservient status in Parliament; after 1707 they could hold seats, but not public offices. Thus, the new system favoured a new Anglican establishment in Church and State. </p><p>By 1728, the remaining nobility was either firmly Protestant or loyally Catholic. The upper classes had dropped most of its Gaelic traditions and adopted the Anglo-French aristocratic values then dominant throughout most of Europe. Much of the old feudal domains of the earlier Hiberno-Norman and Gaelic-Irish magnates had been broken up and given to Irish loyalists soldiers, and English and Scottish Protestant colonial settlers. Long under the control of <i>de jure</i> power of magnates, the far larger peasant population had nonetheless under the relatively anarchic and sectarian conditions established a relative independence. Now, the nobility and newly established loyalist gentry could exercise their rights and privileges with more vigour. Much as in England, Wales, and Scotland, the franchise was always limited to the property owning classes, which favoured the <a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">landed gentry</a>. </p><p>The Irish Parliament was thus at a time of English commercial expansion left incapable of protecting Irish economic and trade interests from being subordinated to English ones. This in turn severely weakened the economic potential of the whole of Ireland and placed the new and largely Protestant middle-class at a disadvantage. The result was a slow but continual exodus of Anglo-Irish, Scots-Irish, and Protestant Irish families and communities to the colonies, principally in North America. Ironically, it was the very efforts to establish Anglicans as the primacy in Ireland which slowly subverted the general cause of the Protestant Irish which had been the objective of successive Irish and British Parliaments. </p><p>The Irish Parliament did assert its independence from London several times however. In the early 18th century it successfully lobbied for itself to be summoned every two years, as opposed to at the start of each new reign only, and shortly thereafter it declared itself to be in session permanently, mirroring developments in the <a href="/wiki/English_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="English Parliament">English Parliament</a>. As the effects on the prosperity of the Kingdom of submitting the Irish Parliament to review by the British became apparent, the Irish Parliament slowly asserted itself, and from the 1770s the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Patriot_Party" title="Irish Patriot Party">Irish Patriot Party</a> began agitating for greater powers relative to the British Parliament. Additionally, later ministries moved to change the <a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">Navigation Acts</a> that had limited Irish merchants' terms of trade with Britain and its empire.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers">Powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Parliament of Ireland">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woolsack_(Irish_House_of_Lords).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Woolsack_%28Irish_House_of_Lords%29.jpg/220px-Woolsack_%28Irish_House_of_Lords%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Woolsack_%28Irish_House_of_Lords%29.jpg/330px-Woolsack_%28Irish_House_of_Lords%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Woolsack_%28Irish_House_of_Lords%29.jpg/440px-Woolsack_%28Irish_House_of_Lords%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Woolsack" title="Woolsack">Woolsack</a> in the chamber of the House of Lords</figcaption></figure> <p>After 1707, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> was, to varying degrees, subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>. The Parliament of Ireland had control over only legislation, while the executive branch of government, under the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenant</a>, answered to the British government in London. Furthermore, the <a href="/wiki/Penal_Laws_against_Irish_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Penal Laws against Irish Catholics">Penal Laws</a> meant that <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholics</a>, who constituted the majority of Irish people, were not permitted to sit in, or participate in elections to, the parliament. Meanwhile, building upon the precedent of <a href="/wiki/Poynings%27_Law_(on_certification_of_acts)" title="Poynings' Law (on certification of acts)">Poynings' Law</a> which required approval from the <a href="/wiki/British_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="British Privy Council">British Privy Council</a> for bills to be put to the Irish Parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Dependency_of_Ireland_on_Great_Britain_Act_1719" class="mw-redirect" title="Dependency of Ireland on Great Britain Act 1719">Dependency of Ireland on Great Britain Act 1719</a> declared the British Parliament's right to legislate for Ireland and the British House of Lords appellate jurisdiction over its courts. </p><p>The effects of this subordination of Irish Parliamentary power soon became evident, as Ireland slowly stagnated economically and the Protestant population shrank in relative size. Additionally, the growing relative wealth of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">American colonies</a>, whose local authorities were relatively independent of the British Parliament, provided additional ammunition for those who wished to increase Irish Parliamentary power. When the British governments started centralising trade, taxation and judicial review throughout the Empire, the Irish Parliament saw an ally in the American colonies, who were growing increasingly resistant to the British government's objectives. When open rebellion broke out in the American colonies in 1775, the Irish Parliament passed several initiatives which showed support for the American grievances. </p><p>Fearing another split by Ireland, as rebellion spread through the American colonies and various European powers joined in a global assault on British interests, the British Parliament became more acquiescent to Irish demands. In 1782, following agitation by major parliamentary figures, most notably <a href="/wiki/Henry_Grattan" title="Henry Grattan">Henry Grattan</a>, supported by the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Patriot_Party" title="Irish Patriot Party">Patriot movement</a>, the Irish parliament's authority was greatly increased. Under what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_1782" title="Constitution of 1782">Constitution of 1782</a> the restrictions imposed by Poyning's Law were removed by the <a href="/wiki/Repeal_of_Act_for_Securing_Dependence_of_Ireland_Act_1782" title="Repeal of Act for Securing Dependence of Ireland Act 1782">Repeal of Act for Securing Dependence of Ireland Act 1782</a>. Grattan also wanted Catholic involvement in Irish politics; the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Relief_Act_1793" title="Roman Catholic Relief Act 1793">Roman Catholic Relief Act 1793</a> passed by the Irish parliament copied the British <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Relief_Act_1791" title="Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791">Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791</a>, and Catholics were given back the right to cast votes in elections to the parliament, although they were still debarred from membership and state offices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GILBERT(1896)_p195_JOHN_FOSTER,_SPEAKER.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GILBERT%281896%29_p195_JOHN_FOSTER%2C_SPEAKER.jpg/170px-GILBERT%281896%29_p195_JOHN_FOSTER%2C_SPEAKER.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GILBERT%281896%29_p195_JOHN_FOSTER%2C_SPEAKER.jpg/255px-GILBERT%281896%29_p195_JOHN_FOSTER%2C_SPEAKER.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GILBERT%281896%29_p195_JOHN_FOSTER%2C_SPEAKER.jpg/340px-GILBERT%281896%29_p195_JOHN_FOSTER%2C_SPEAKER.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1391" data-file-height="2294" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Foster,_1st_Baron_Oriel" title="John Foster, 1st Baron Oriel">John Foster</a>, last speaker of the Irish House of Commons (1807–1811)</figcaption></figure> <p>The House of Lords was presided over by the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Lord_Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a>, who sat on the <a href="/wiki/Woolsack" title="Woolsack">woolsack</a>, a large seat stuffed with wool from each of the three lands of England, Ireland and Scotland. In the Commons, business was presided over by the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Speaker of the Irish House of Commons">Speaker</a> who, in the absence of a government chosen from and answerable to the Commons, was the dominant political figure in the parliament. <a href="/wiki/William_Conolly" title="William Conolly">Speaker Conolly</a> remains today one of the most widely known figures produced by the Irish parliament. </p><p> Much of the public ceremonial in the Irish parliament mirrored that of the British Parliament. Sessions were formally opened by the <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_Throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech from the Throne">Speech from the Throne</a> by the Lord Lieutenant, who, it was written "used to sit surrounded by more splendour than His Majesty on the throne of England".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lord Lieutenant, when he sat on the throne, sat beneath a canopy of crimson velvet. At the state opening, MPs were summoned to the House of Lords from the House of Commons chamber by <a href="/wiki/Black_Rod" title="Black Rod">Black Rod</a>, a royal official who would "command the members on behalf of His Excellency to attend him in the chamber of peers". </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Commons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Irish_Commons.jpg/300px-Irish_Commons.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Irish_Commons.jpg/450px-Irish_Commons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Irish_Commons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>Engraving of section of the Irish House of Commons chamber by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mazell" title="Peter Mazell">Peter Mazell</a> based on the drawing by Rowland Omer 1767</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lords_Chamber_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lords_Chamber_2.jpg/300px-Lords_Chamber_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lords_Chamber_2.jpg/450px-Lords_Chamber_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lords_Chamber_2.jpg/600px-Lords_Chamber_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1387" data-file-height="947" /></a><figcaption>Engraving of section of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Lords" title="Irish House of Lords">Irish House of Lords</a> chamber by Peter Mazell based on the drawing by Rowland Omer 1767</figcaption></figure> <p>Sessions of Parliament drew many of the wealthiest of Ireland's Anglo-Irish elite to Dublin, particularly as sessions often coincided with the <a href="/wiki/Social_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Social season">social season</a>, (January to 17 March) when the Lord Lieutenant presided in state over state balls and drawing rooms in the Viceregal Apartments in Dublin Castle. Leading peers in particular flocked to Dublin, where they lived in enormous and richly decorated mansions initially on the northside of Dublin, later in new Georgian residences around <a href="/wiki/Merrion_Square" title="Merrion Square">Merrion Square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Square" title="Fitzwilliam Square">Fitzwilliam Square</a>. Their presence in Dublin, along with large numbers of servants, provided a regular boost to the city economy. </p><p>The Parliament's records were published from the 1750s and provide a huge wealth of commentary and statistics on the reality of running Ireland at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, minute details on Ireland's increasing overseas trade and reports from various specialist committees are recorded. By the 1780s they were published by two rival businesses, King & Bradley and Grierson.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Act_of_Union_and_abolition">The Act of Union and abolition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Act of Union and abolition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 31 December 1800, the Parliament of Ireland was abolished entirely, when the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union 1800</a> created the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> and merged the British and Irish legislatures into a single <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> after 1 January 1801. </p><p>The idea of a political union between Ireland and Great Britain had been proposed several times throughout the 18th century, but was vehemently opposed in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The granting of legislative independence to Ireland in 1782 was thought to have ended hopes of a union.<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relations between the two parliaments became strained in 1789 during the illness of King George III, when the Irish parliament invited the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a> to become the Regent of Ireland, before Westminster had been able to make its own decision on the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a> saw a French expedition landing in Killala, causing alarm that Ireland could be used as a base for attacks on Britain, resurrecting the idea of political union between Ireland and Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt the Younger</a> had the strong support of King George III for a union, with the king advising him on 13 July 1798 that the rebellion should be used "for frightening the supporters of the Castle into a Union".<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Protestant Ascendancy was also seen as being unequal in the task of governing Ireland, and that such a "corrupt, dangerous and inefficient system" had to be done away with.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1798, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Lord Cornwallis</a> was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, with one of his main tasks to be securing support in Ireland for a union.<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornwallis would report that "The mass of the people of Ireland do not care one farthing about the Union".<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the idea to succeed, Pitt knew that he needed large scale public support in Ireland for the idea from both Protestants and Catholics, and as such <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Emancipation" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Emancipation">Catholic Emancipation</a> would need to be delivered along with the union.<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholic Emancipation alone he knew would be enough to secure the stability of Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Catholic middle classes and the Catholic hierarchy, led by <a href="/wiki/John_Thomas_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="John Thomas Troy">John Thomas Troy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archbishop_of_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin">Archbishop of Dublin</a>, were willing to support the union if Catholic Emancipation did indeed follow. Only a group of Catholic barristers, most notably <a href="/wiki/Daniel_O%27Connell" title="Daniel O'Connell">Daniel O'Connell</a>, opposed the idea of union.<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For Protestants, the Presbyterians, who were largely involved in the rebellion of 1798 would shed no tears over the end of the Irish parliament. The <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange Order</a> tried to be neutral on the issue of union, however thirty-six lodges from counties Armagh and Louth alone petitioned against the Union.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fear for some Protestants, especially those part of the Protestant Ascendancy, was that Catholic emancipation would immediately follow any union.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The artisans and merchants of Dublin also feared any union as it might have resulted in a loss of business.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When William Pitt's idea of union and emancipation was revealed to the cabinet of the Irish parliament, the Speaker and Chancellor of the Exchequer both vehemently opposed it.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rest of the cabinet supported the idea however were split on the issue of Catholic Emancipation, resulting in it being dropped from the proposals.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornwallis observed: "I certainly wish that England could now make a union with the Irish nation, instead of making it with a party in Ireland".<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Any union between Ireland and Great Britain would have to be in the form of a treaty in all but name, meaning that any act of union would need to be passed separately in both the Dublin and Westminster parliaments.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was strong support for it in Westminster, however Dublin was not as keen.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An amendment was moved on 22 January 1799, seeking the House to maintain "the undoubted birthright of the people of Ireland to have a free and independent legislature".<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The debate which followed consisted of eighty speeches, made over the course of twenty-one uninterrupted hours.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day a vote was held which resulted in a defeat of the amendment by one vote (106 to 105), however the following day another motion against any union passed 111 to 106.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following these votes, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Lord Castlereagh</a> and Lord Cornwallis set about trying to win over as many Irish MPs as possible through bribery consisting of jobs, pensions, peerages, promotions, along with other enticements.<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These methods were all legal and not unusual for the time.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also spent over £1,250,000 buying the support of those who held the seats of boroughs and counties.<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When parliament reopened on 15 January 1800, high levels of passion ran throughout, and angry speeches were delivered by proponents on both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry Grattan, who had helped secure the Irish parliament's legislative independence in 1782, bought Wicklow borough at midnight for £1,200, and after dressing in his old <a href="/wiki/Irish_Volunteers_(18th_century)" title="Irish Volunteers (18th century)">Volunteer</a> uniform, arrived at the House of Commons of the Irish parliament at 7 a.m., after which he gave a two-hour speech against the union.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless, a motion against the union failed by 138 votes to 96, and resolutions in favour of the union were passed with large majorities in both chambers of parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The terms of the union were agreed on 28 March 1800 by both houses of the Irish Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two Acts with identical aims (but with different wording) were passed in both the British<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Irish<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> parliaments, with the British Act of Union becoming law on 2 July 1800, and <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> given to the Irish Act of Union on 1 August 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Irish Parliament met for the last time the following day. On 1 January 1801, the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union</a> came into force.<sup id="cite_ref-UCC_14-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QUB_15-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Irish_legislatures" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Irish legislatures">Historical Irish legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Ireland" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Ireland">List of acts of the Parliament of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliaments_of_Ireland" title="List of parliaments of Ireland">List of parliaments of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Parliament_of_Ireland_(pre-1801)" title="Category:Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801)">Members of the pre-1801 Parliament of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Parliament of the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tricameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricameral">Tricameral</a> until 1537.<sup id="cite_ref-Richardson1943p451_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardson1943p451-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-act1537_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act1537-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Richardson1943p451-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richardson1943p451_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richardson1943p451_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richardson1943p451_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richardson 1943 p.451</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-act1537-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-act1537_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act1537_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bray 2006 pp.18, 52; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HXhaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA102">"[1537 (28 Hen. 8) c. 12] An Act against proctors to be any member of the Parliament. Rot. Parl. cap. 19."</a>. <i>The Statutes at Large Passed in the Parliaments Held in Ireland</i>. Vol. 1: 1310–1612. B. Grierson. 1765. pp. <span class="nowrap">102–</span>103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%5B1537+%2828+Hen.+8%29+c.+12%5D+An+Act+against+proctors+to+be+any+member+of+the+Parliament.+Rot.+Parl.+cap.+19.&rft.btitle=The+Statutes+at+Large+Passed+in+the+Parliaments+Held+in+Ireland&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E102-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&rft.pub=B.+Grierson&rft.date=1765&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHXhaAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoodyMartinByrne2005" class="citation book cs1">Moody, Theodore William; Martin, Francis X.; Byrne, Francis John (2005). <i>A New History of Ireland: Maps, genealogies, lists</i>. Clarendon Press. p. 605. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198217459" title="Special:BookSources/9780198217459"><bdi>9780198217459</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+Ireland%3A+Maps%2C+genealogies%2C+lists&rft.pages=605&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780198217459&rft.aulast=Moody&rft.aufirst=Theodore+William&rft.au=Martin%2C+Francis+X.&rft.au=Byrne%2C+Francis+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0618/624735-irish-parliament/">"Senators mark 750th anniversary of 'first Irish parliament'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. RTÉ. 18 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Senators+mark+750th+anniversary+of+%27first+Irish+parliament%27&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2014%2F0618%2F624735-irish-parliament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richardson 1943</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colm Lennon, Sixteenth Century Ireland - The Incomplete Conquest (1994), p113, 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lennon pp. 183, 206</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/25/election-day-1613/">"Election Day – 1613 – the Irish Story"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+Day+%E2%80%93+1613+%E2%80%93+the+Irish+Story&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theirishstory.com%2F2011%2F02%2F25%2Felection-day-1613%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNevin2012" class="citation journal cs1">Nevin, Seamus (2012). "History Repeating: Georgian Ireland's Property Bubble". <i>History Ireland</i>. <b>20</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">22–</span>24. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41331440">41331440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=History+Repeating%3A+Georgian+Ireland%27s+Property+Bubble&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41331440%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Nevin&rft.aufirst=Seamus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unsourced 18th century quote used in the <i>Bank of Ireland, College Green</i>, an information leaflet produced by the Bank of Ireland about the Irish Houses of Parliament.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson-Liik, E.M. <i>History of the Irish Parliament</i> (6 vols.) Belfast 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Louis_Cullen" title="Louis Cullen">Cullen, Louis</a>; "An Economic History of Ireland since 1660" (1972)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCC-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCC_14-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111103104237/http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/The_Union">"The Union"</a>. University College Cork. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/The_Union">the original</a> on 3 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Union&rft.pub=University+College+Cork&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmultitext.ucc.ie%2Fd%2FThe_Union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QUB-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QUB_15-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415061235/http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm">"Act of Union"</a>. Queen's University Belfast. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm">the original</a> on 15 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Act+of+Union&rft.pub=Queen%27s+University+Belfast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.actofunion.ac.uk%2Factofunion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/apgb/Geo3/39-40/67">Union with Ireland Act 1800</a> ((39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67)). 2 July 1800<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Union+with+Ireland+Act+1800&rft.date=1800-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fapgb%2FGeo3%2F39-40%2F67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aip/Geo3/40/38/contents">Act of Union (Ireland) 1800</a> ((40 Geo. 3 c. 38)). 1 August 1800<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Act+of+Union+%28Ireland%29+1800&rft.date=1800-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Faip%2FGeo3%2F40%2F38%2Fcontents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBray2006" class="citation book cs1">Bray, Gerald Lewis (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FiPeYSgJTzEC&pg=PA1"><i>Ireland, 1101-1690</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843832324" title="Special:BookSources/9781843832324"><bdi>9781843832324</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland%2C+1101-1690&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781843832324&rft.aulast=Bray&rft.aufirst=Gerald+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFiPeYSgJTzEC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston-Liik2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Johnston-Liik, Edith Mary (2002). <i>History of the Irish Parliament 1692–1800: Commons, Constituencies and Statutes</i>. Vol. 6 vols. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Irish+Parliament+1692%E2%80%931800%3A+Commons%2C+Constituencies+and+Statutes&rft.place=Belfast&rft.pub=Ulster+Historical+Foundation&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Johnston-Liik&rft.aufirst=Edith+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson1943" class="citation journal cs1">Richardson, H. G. (October 1943). "The Irish Parliament Rolls of the Fifteenth Century". <i>The English Historical Review</i>. <b>58</b> (232). Oxford University Press: <span class="nowrap">448–</span>461. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FLVIII.CCXXXII.448">10.1093/ehr/LVIII.CCXXXII.448</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/553673">553673</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Irish+Parliament+Rolls+of+the+Fifteenth+Century&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=232&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E448-%3C%2Fspan%3E461&rft.date=1943-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FLVIII.CCXXXII.448&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F553673%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=H.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliament+of+Ireland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Ireland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irish_history" title="Timeline of Irish history">Timeline of Irish history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1536%E2%80%931691)" title="History of Ireland (1536–1691)">History of Ireland (1536–1691)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1691%E2%80%931800)" title="History of Ireland (1691–1800)">History of Ireland (1691–1800)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Tudor conquest of Ireland">Tudor conquest of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_people" title="Anglo-Irish people">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_and_regrant" title="Surrender and regrant">Surrender and regrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Ireland" title="Reformation in Ireland">Reformation in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Rebellions" title="Desmond Rebellions">Desmond Rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantations_of_Ireland" title="Plantations of Ireland">Plantations of Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Ulster</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Nine Years' War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls" title="Flight of the Earls">Flight of the Earls</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">Irish Rebellion of 1641</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars" title="Irish Confederate Wars">Irish Confederate Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Wars of the Three Kingdoms">Wars of the Three Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest of Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_indentured_servants" title="Irish indentured servants">Barbadosed</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite–Jacobite War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Wild_Geese" title="Flight of the Wild Geese">Wild Geese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acts of <br />Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poynings%27_Law_(on_certification_of_acts)" title="Poynings' Law (on certification of acts)">Poynings' Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Ireland_Act_1542" title="Crown of Ireland Act 1542">Crown of Ireland Act 1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Meath_and_Westmeath_Act_1543" title="Counties of Meath and Westmeath Act 1543">Counties of Meath and Westmeath Act 1543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlement_of_Laois_and_Offaly_1556" class="mw-redirect" title="Settlement of Laois and Offaly 1556">Settlement of Laois and Offaly 1556</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1662" title="Act of Settlement 1662">Act of Settlement 1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_(Ireland)" title="Penal laws (Ireland)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popery_Act" title="Popery Act">Popery Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_1782" title="Constitution of 1782">Constitution of 1782</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union 1800</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gaelic<br />conquests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomond" title="Thomond">Tuadhmhumhain</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1543)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iveagh" title="Iveagh">Uí Echach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1543)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADgis" title="Loígis">Loígis</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1543)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clanricarde" title="Clanricarde">Clanricarde</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1544)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_U%C3%AD_Failghe" title="Kingdom of Uí Failghe">Uí Failghe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1550)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_D%C3%ADarmata" title="Uí Díarmata">Uí Díarmata</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1574)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandeboye" title="Clandeboye">Clann Aodha Buidhe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1574)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Magh_Luirg" title="Kings of Magh Luirg">Magh Luirg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1585)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airg%C3%ADalla" title="Airgíalla">Airgíalla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1585)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iar_Connacht" title="Iar Connacht">Iar Connacht</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1589)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umhaill" title="Umhaill">Umhaill</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1593)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Desmond" title="Kingdom of Desmond">Deasmhumhain</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1596)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_William_%C3%8Dochtar" title="Mac William Íochtar">Mac William Íochtar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1602)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Leinster" title="Kingdom of Leinster">Laigin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1603)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Breifne" title="West Breifne">Bréifne Uí Ruairc</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1605)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbery_(barony)" title="Carbery (barony)">Cairbrigh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1606)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrconnell" title="Tyrconnell">Tír Chonaill</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1607)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADr_Eoghain" title="Tír Eoghain">Tír Eoghain</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1607)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermanagh" title="Fermanagh">Fear Manach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1607)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Cahan" title="O'Cahan">Uí Catháin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1607)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Breifne" title="East Breifne">Bréifne Uí Raghallaigh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1607)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Mh%C3%A1ine" title="Uí Mháine">Uí Mháine</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1611)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics<br />and society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle_administration" title="Dublin Castle administration">Dublin Castle administration</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliament of Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Lords" title="Irish House of Lords">Irish House of Lords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Irish House of Commons">Irish House of Commons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Ireland" title="Privy Council of Ireland">Privy Council of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Courts" title="Four Courts">Four Courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_(Ireland)" title="Court of King's Bench (Ireland)">King's Bench</a>, <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Exchequer_(Ireland)" title="Court of Exchequer (Ireland)">Exchequer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Chancery_(Ireland)" title="Court of Chancery (Ireland)">Chancery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Common_Pleas_(Ireland)" title="Court of Common Pleas (Ireland)">Common Pleas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Castle_Chamber" title="Court of Castle Chamber">Court of Castle Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">Peerage of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Army_(1661%E2%80%931801)" title="Irish Army (1661–1801)">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protestant_Ascendancy" title="Protestant Ascendancy">Ascendancy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Recusancy_in_Ireland" title="Recusancy in Ireland">Recusancy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Ireland" title="Grand Lodge of Ireland">Grand Lodge of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Patrick" title="Order of St Patrick">Order of St Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Patriot_Party" title="Irish Patriot Party">Irish Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_(Ireland)" title="Defenders (Ireland)">Defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Committee_(Ireland)" title="Catholic Committee (Ireland)">Catholic Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_United_Irishmen" title="Society of United Irishmen">United Irishmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Monarchs</a><br /> and rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1542–1547)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1547–1553)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Lady Jane Grey</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1553; disputed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1553–1558)</span> & <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">jure uxoris</a></i> (1554–1558)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1558–1603)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1603–1625)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1625–1649)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1649–1653)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1653–1658)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a> 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_legislatures" title="Template talk:Irish legislatures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_legislatures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish legislatures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irish_legislatures132" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Irish_legislatures" title="History of Irish legislatures">Irish legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Pre-Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Parliament_of_Ireland_(1297–1800)39" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliament of Ireland</a> (1297–1800)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Irish House of Commons">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Lords" title="Irish House of Lords">House of Lords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">War of Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Republic)" title="Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)">Dáil Éireann</a> (1919–1922)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Home rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Parliament_of_Southern_Ireland_(1921–1922)48" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23em"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Southern_Ireland" title="Parliament of Southern Ireland">Parliament of Southern Ireland</a> (1921–1922)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Southern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Commons of Southern Ireland">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Southern_Ireland" title="Senate of Southern Ireland">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland_(1921–1972)48" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23em"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Parliament of Northern Ireland">Parliament of Northern Ireland</a> (1921–1972)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Northern_Ireland" title="House of Commons of Northern Ireland">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Senate of Northern Ireland">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Post-independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Oireachtas_(Irish_Free_State)_(1922–1936)47" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23em"><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Oireachtas (Irish Free State)">Oireachtas (Irish Free State)</a> (1922–1936)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Dáil Éireann (Irish Free State)">Dáil Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State)">Seanad Éireann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Oireachtas_(1937–present)31" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23em"><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> (1937–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Northern Ireland post-1972</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly_(1973)" title="Northern Ireland Assembly (1973)">Northern Ireland Assembly (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly_(1982)" title="Northern Ireland Assembly (1982)">Northern Ireland Assembly (1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Forum" title="Northern Ireland Forum">Northern Ireland Forum</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a> (post-1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" 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