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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button 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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>名詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外來詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外來詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>外來詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外來詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考來源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考來源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考來源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考來源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">科萨语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。102种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="झोसा भाषा – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="झोसा भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الكوسية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الكوسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكوسيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكوسيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_xhosa" title="Idioma xhosa – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma xhosa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xosa_dili" title="Xosa dili – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xosa dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Кхоса (език) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кхоса (език)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="খোসা ভাষা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খোসা ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosaeg" title="Xhosaeg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Xhosaeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xosa" title="Xosa – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xosa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="زمانی کۆسا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی کۆسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xho%C5%A1tina" title="Xhoština – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Xhoština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Коса чĕлхи – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Коса чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(iaith)" title="Xhosa (iaith) – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Xhosa (iaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(sprog)" title="Xhosa (sprog) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Xhosa (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiXhosa" title="IsiXhosa – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="IsiXhosa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B1_(%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Κόσα (διάλεκτος) – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόσα (διάλεκτος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Xhosa language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosa_lingvo" title="Kosa lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kosa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_xhosa" title="Idioma xhosa – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma xhosa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koosa_keel" title="Koosa keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koosa keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosera" title="Xhosera – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xhosera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان خوسایی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان خوسایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosan_kieli" title="Xhosan kieli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Xhosan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_m%C3%A1l" title="Xhosa mál – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Xhosa mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(langue)" title="Xhosa (langue) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xhosa (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(Spriik)" title="Xhosa (Spriik) – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Xhosa (Spriik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ch%C3%B3isis" title="An Chóisis – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chóisis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_xosa" title="Lingua xosa – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua xosa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Xhosa" title="Harshen Xhosa – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshen Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94_(%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="קוסה (שפה) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסה (שפה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कोसा भाषा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोसा भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_bhasa" title="Xhosa bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Xhosa bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_jezik" title="Xhosa jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Xhosa jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosza_nyelv" title="Xhosza nyelv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Xhosza nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1_(%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82)" title="Կոսա (լեզու) – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոսա (լեզու)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Xhosa" title="Bahasa Xhosa – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Xhosa" title="Asụsụ Xhosa – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Xhosa" title="Pagsasao a Xhosa – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa-linguo" title="Xhosa-linguo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Xhosa-linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_xhosa" title="Lingua xhosa – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua xhosa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B5%E8%AA%9E" title="コサ語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コサ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kixhosa" title="Kixhosa – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kixhosa" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Xhosa" title="Bahasa Xhosa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Коса тілі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Коса тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%82%AC%EC%96%B4" title="코사어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코사어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Коса (кыв) – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Коса (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Xosana" title="Lingua Xosana – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Xosana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosa_(lingua)" title="Cosa (lingua) – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cosa (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(taol)" title="Xhosa (taol) – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Xhosa (taol)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kos%C5%B3_kalba" title="Kosų kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kosų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi%C4%B7hosa" title="Isiķhosa – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Isiķhosa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_k%C3%B4sa" title="Fiteny kôsa – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny kôsa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Коса (јазик) – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Коса (јазик)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="കോസാ ഭാഷ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോസാ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कौसा भाषा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कौसा भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Xhosa" title="Bahasa Xhosa – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="خوسایی – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خوسایی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiXhosa" title="IsiXhosa – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="IsiXhosa" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="खोसा भाषा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खोसा भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(taal)" title="Xhosa (taal) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Xhosa (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Xhosa (språk) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Xhosa (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sethosa" title="Sethosa – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sethosa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕੋਸਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਸਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_xhosa" title="Język xhosa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język xhosa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Xhosa" title="Lenga Xhosa – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="خوسايي ژبه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خوسايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_xossa" title="Língua xossa – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua xossa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_simi" title="Xhosa simi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Xhosa simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_xhosa" title="Limba xhosa – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba xhosa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Коса (язык) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коса (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikigisosa" title="Ikigisosa – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikigisosa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱷᱳᱥᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱷᱳᱥᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_jezik" title="Xhosa jezik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Xhosa jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Xhosa language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chixhosa" title="Chixhosa – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chixhosa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_xhosa" title="Gjuha xhosa – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha xhosa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Коса (језик) – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Коса (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADChoza" title="SíChoza – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíChoza" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seqhosa" title="Seqhosa – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Seqhosa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kixhosa" title="Kixhosa – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kixhosa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="சோசா மொழி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சோசா மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Xhosa" title="Wikang Xhosa – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sethosa" title="Sethosa – 茨瓦纳语" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sethosa" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="茨瓦纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_dili" title="Xhosa dili – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Xhosa dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Коса теле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Коса теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Коса (мова) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коса (мова)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خوسائی زبان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خوسائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiXhoza" title="IsiXhoza – 文达语" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="IsiXhoza" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="文达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosan_kel%27" title="Kosan kel' – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kosan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Xhosa" title="Tiếng Xhosa – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="科萨语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科萨语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiXhosa" title="IsiXhosa – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiXhosa" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90)" title="კოსა (ნინა) – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოსა (ნინა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" 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mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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.infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: orange;">科萨语</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;">isiXhosa</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98" title="莱索托">賴索托</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%96%8B%E6%99%AE%E7%9C%81" title="東開普省">東開普省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%96%8B%E6%99%AE%E7%9C%81" title="西開普省">西開普省</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7.9百萬</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="尼日尔-刚果语系">尼日尔-刚果语系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="大西洋-刚果语族">大西洋-刚果语族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="沃尔特-刚果语支">沃尔特-刚果语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="贝努埃-刚果语支">貝努埃-剛果語支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%BB%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="类班图语群（页面不存在）">类班图语群</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E7%B1%BB%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南类班图语群（页面不存在）">南类班图语群</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="班图语支">班图语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南班圖語支" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern Bantu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E7%8F%AD%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南班圖語支（页面不存在）">南班圖語支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Bantu" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Bantu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern Bantu</span></a></span>）</span></span><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li>Nguni<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li>Zunda<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>科萨语</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: orange;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">作为官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: orange;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=xh">xh</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/xho" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:xho">xho</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/xho" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:xho">xho</a></code></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>科薩語</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="科薩語">科薩語</a>：<span lang="xh"><b>isiXhosa</b></span>，发音为<span title="在国际音标（IPA）中的读音" class="IPA">/ˈkǁʰoːsa/</span><sup>（<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/72\/Xhosa.ogg\/Xhosa.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Audio"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Xhosa.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Xhosa.ogg/Xhosa.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Audio</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Xhosa.ogg" title="File:Xhosa.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>）</sup>）是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>南部<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%96%A9%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="科薩族">科薩族</a>所使用的語言，也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>的11種官方語言之一，也是<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%B4%E5%A8%81" title="辛巴威">辛巴威</a>的官方語言之一<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。科萨语屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5-%E5%89%9B%E6%9E%9C%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="尼日-剛果語系">尼日-剛果語系</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="班图语族">班圖語族</a>，有豐富的<a href="/wiki/%E6%90%AD%E5%98%B4%E9%9F%B3" title="搭嘴音">搭嘴音</a>，約10%的基本詞彙<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 含有搭嘴音，與<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葉怡語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yeyi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%89%E6%80%A1%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葉怡語（页面不存在）">葉怡語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeyi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Yeyi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yeyi language</span></a></span>）</span></span>相當，是<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="班图语族">班圖語族</a>中搭嘴音比例最高的。 </p><p>科薩語是約820萬人的第一語言，還是約1100萬人的第二語言，南非人口約14.8%在家最常使用科薩語<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，主要集中在南非<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%96%8B%E6%99%AE%E7%9C%81" title="東開普省">東開普省</a>，該省約78.85%人口的第一語言為科薩語<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>科薩語現在是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>書寫。有自己的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="日曆">日曆</a>，為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%96%A9%E6%9B%86" title="科薩曆">科薩曆</a>。 </p><p>科薩語是南非前總統<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E9%81%9C%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="納爾遜·曼德拉">納爾遜·曼德拉</a>之<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="母語">母語</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="聲調"><span id=".E8.81.B2.E8.AA.BF"></span>聲調</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：聲調"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>科薩語是一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a>語言，具有兩種<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="聲調語言">音調</a>：低聲和高聲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名詞"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E8.A9.9E"></span>名詞</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：名詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>科薩語的名詞由前綴和詞幹兩個核心部分組成，依照不同前綴可區分成下列名詞類別，編號可與其他班圖語族對照。下表以各類名詞單複數前綴對照陳列。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>第幾類 </th> <th>單數前綴 </th> <th>複數前綴 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1/2 </td> <td>um- </td> <td>aba-, abe- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1a/2a </td> <td>u- </td> <td>oo- </td></tr> <tr> <td>3/4 </td> <td>um- </td> <td>imi- </td></tr> <tr> <td>5/6 </td> <td>i-, ili-<sup>1</sup> </td> <td>ama-, ame- </td></tr> <tr> <td>7/8 </td> <td>is(i)-<sup>2</sup> </td> <td>iz(i)-<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9/10 </td> <td>iN-<sup>3</sup> </td> <td>iiN-<sup>3</sup>, iziN-<sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11/10 </td> <td>u-, ulu-<sup>1</sup>, ulw-, ul- </td> <td>iiN-<sup>3</sup>, iziN-<sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>ubu-, ub-, uty- </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>uku- </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup>1</sup> 單音節詞幹前，例如 <span lang="xh"><b><u>ili</u>so</b></span>（眼睛）， <span lang="xh"><b><u>ulu</u>hlu</b></span> （列表）。 </p><p><sup>2</sup> 詞幹為母音起首者，<b>is</b>- 和<b>iz</b>- 分別替代<b>isi</b>- and <b>izi</b>- ，例如 <span lang="xh"><b><u>is</u>andla</b></span>/<span lang="xh"><b><u>iz</u>andla</b></span> （手的單數和複數）。 </p><p><sup>3</sup> <b>N</b> 表示與後方母音同化的鼻子音。 </p><p><sup>4</sup> 部分單音節詞幹之前。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外來詞"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E4.BE.86.E8.A9.9E"></span>外來詞</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：外來詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>科薩語經<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南非語">南非語</a>，借用許多<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="尼德蘭語">尼德蘭語</a>詞彙，例如： </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><i>isi</i>larha</td> <td>de slager</td> <td>屠宰人 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>lokhwe</td> <td>de rok</td> <td>裙 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>hempe</td> <td>het hemd</td> <td>襯衫 </td></tr> <tr> <td>torhu</td> <td>toch</td> <td>然而 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>uku</i>lesa</td> <td>lezen</td> <td>讀 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>uku</i>deka</td> <td>dekken</td> <td>覆蓋 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>tafile</td> <td>de tafel</td> <td>桌 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>tapile</td> <td>de aardappel</td> <td>馬鈴薯 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>vasilaphu</td> <td>de waslap</td> <td>毛巾 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>tyiphu</td> <td>de kip</td> <td>雞 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>pria</td> <td>de pap</td> <td>粥 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%96%A9%E6%9B%86" title="科薩曆">科薩曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亨利·海爾·道摩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Henry Hare Dugmore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E6%91%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利·海爾·道摩（页面不存在）">亨利·海爾·道摩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hare_Dugmore" class="extiw" title="en:Henry Hare Dugmore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Henry Hare Dugmore</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加州大學洛杉磯分校語言材料計劃" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="UCLA Language Materials Project"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%9B%E6%9D%89%E7%A3%AF%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加州大學洛杉磯分校語言材料計劃（页面不存在）">加州大學洛杉磯分校語言材料計劃</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCLA_Language_Materials_Project" class="extiw" title="en:UCLA Language Materials Project"><span lang="en" dir="auto">UCLA Language Materials Project</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考來源"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E4.BE.86.E6.BA.90"></span>參考來源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參考來源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/xhosa.htm">Xhosa alphabet, pronunciation and language</a>. www.omniglot.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-07-06</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221118084411/https://omniglot.com/writing/xhosa.htm">存档</a>于2022-11-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Xhosa+alphabet%2C+pronunciation+and+language&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.omniglot.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fxhosa.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002110534/http://www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/constitution_zim_draft_copac_130125.pdf">Constitution of Zimbabwe (final draft)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Kubatana.net. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/constitution_zim_draft_copac_130125.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2013-10-02）. <q>The following languages, namely Chewa, Chibarwe, English, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Ndebele, Shangani, Shona, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, and Xhosa are the officially recognised languages of Zimbabwe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+Zimbabwe+%28final+draft%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kubatana.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kubatana.net%2Fdocs%2Flegisl%2Fconstitution_zim_draft_copac_130125.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sands, Bonny & Gunnink, Hilde. 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Berlin: Language Science Press. 2019: 703–724. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-96110-205-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-96110-205-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-3-96110-205-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5281%2Fzenodo.3365789"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.5281/zenodo.3365789</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Clicks+on+the+fringes+of+the+Kalahari+Basin+Area&rft.au=Gunnink%2C+Hilde&rft.aufirst=Bonny&rft.aulast=Sands&rft.btitle=Theory+and+Description+in+African+Linguistics%3A+Selected+Papers+from+the+47th+Annual+Conference+on+African+Linguistics&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-3-96110-205-1&rft.pages=703-724&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Language+Science+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5281%2Fzenodo.3365789&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">CIA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-africa/">WFB South Africa Languages</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110042951/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-africa">存档</a>于2021-01-10） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=CIA&rft.btitle=WFB+South+Africa+Languages&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsouth-africa%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Statistics South Africa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf">Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012.</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113164744/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2015-11-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Statistics+South+Africa&rft.btitle=Pretoria%3A+Statistics+South+Africa.+2012.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statssa.gov.za%2Fcensus%2Fcensus_2011%2Fcensus_products%2FCensus_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本：<b><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="xh:"> Xhosa 維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Xhosa" class="extiw" title="wikt:Xhosa">Xhosa</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214071133/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=21&menu=004">Xhosa language profile </a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060720065425/http://www.pavelicpapers.com/documents/odpor/index.html">(at UCLA Language Materials Project)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=xho">Ethnologue report for Xhosa</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120716180210/http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=xho">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<i></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130110073932/http://www.xhosadictionary.com/">Xhosa - English dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Xhosa">PanAfrican L10n page on Xhosa</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070311094133/http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Xhosa">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://learn101.org/xhosa.php">Learn Xhosa</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210418171006/http://learn101.org/xhosa.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529619805171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148822">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="jazyk xhosa"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph631760&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300389577">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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