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Bouguerra</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Abderrahmen Bouguerra"> <meta name="keywords" content="Abderrahmen Bouguerra"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Abderrahmen Bouguerra"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Abderrahmen Bouguerra</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Fault-Tolerant Fuzzy Gain-Adaptive PID Control for a 2 DOF Helicopter, TRMS System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmen%20Bouguerra">Abderrahmen Bouguerra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Kara"> Kamel Kara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamel%20Saigaa"> Djamel Saigaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Zeghlache"> Samir Zeghlache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keltoum%20Loukal"> Keltoum Loukal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a Fault-Tolerant control of 2 DOF Helicopter (TRMS System) Based on Fuzzy Gain-Adaptive PID is presented. In particular, the introduction part of the paper presents a Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC), the first part of this paper presents a description of the mathematical model of TRMS, an adaptive PID controller is proposed for fault-tolerant control of a TRMS helicopter system in the presence of actuator faults, A fuzzy inference scheme is used to tune in real-time the controller gains, The proposed adaptive PID controller is compared with the conventional PID. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20control" title="fuzzy control">fuzzy control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gain-adaptive%20PID" title=" gain-adaptive PID"> gain-adaptive PID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helicopter%20model" title=" helicopter model"> helicopter model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID%20control" title=" PID control"> PID control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRMS%20system" title=" TRMS system"> TRMS system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21698/fault-tolerant-fuzzy-gain-adaptive-pid-control-for-a-2-dof-helicopter-trms-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Design of a Sliding Mode Control Using Nonlinear Sliding Surface and Nonlinear Observer Applied to the Trirotor Mini-Aircraft </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Zeghlache">Samir Zeghlache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmen%20Bouguerra"> Abderrahmen Bouguerra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Kara"> Kamel Kara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamel%20Saigaa"> Djamel Saigaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The control of the trirotor helicopter includes nonlinearities, uncertainties and external perturbations that should be considered in the design of control laws. This paper presents a control strategy for an underactuated six degrees of freedom (6 DOF) trirotor helicopter, based on the coupling of the fuzzy logic control and sliding mode control (SMC). The main purpose of this work is to eliminate the chattering phenomenon. To achieve our purpose we have used a fuzzy logic control to generate the hitting control signal, also the non linear observer is then synthesized in order to estimate the unmeasured states. Finally simulation results are included to indicate the trirotor UAV with the proposed controller can greatly alleviate the chattering effect and remain robust to the external disturbances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20sliding%20mode%20control" title="fuzzy sliding mode control">fuzzy sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trirotor%20helicopter" title=" trirotor helicopter"> trirotor helicopter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20modelling" title=" dynamic modelling"> dynamic modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underactuated%20systems" title=" underactuated systems "> underactuated systems </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21720/design-of-a-sliding-mode-control-using-nonlinear-sliding-surface-and-nonlinear-observer-applied-to-the-trirotor-mini-aircraft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Thermal Conductivity of Al2O3/Water-Based Nanofluids: Revisiting the Influences of pH and Surfactant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nizar%20Bouguerra">Nizar Bouguerra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Khabou"> Ahmed Khabou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%A9bastien%20Poncet"> Sébastien Poncet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C3%AFd%20Elkoun"> Saïd Elkoun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work focuses on the preparation and the stabilization of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-water based nanofluids. Though they have been widely considered in the past, to the best of our knowledge, there is no clear consensus about a proper way to prepare and stabilize them by the appropriate surfactant. In this paper, a careful experimental investigation is performed to quantify the combined influence of pH and the surfactant on the stability of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-water based nanofluids. Two volume concentrations of nanoparticles and three nanoparticle sizes have been considered. The good preparation and stability of these nanofluids are evaluated through thermal conductivity measurements. The results show that the optimum value for the thermal conductivity is obtained mainly by controlling the pH of the mixture and surfactants are not necessary to stabilize the solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title="nanofluid">nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH" title=" pH"> pH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20hot%20wire" title=" transient hot wire"> transient hot wire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al2O3" title=" Al2O3"> Al2O3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preparation" title=" preparation"> preparation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59675/thermal-conductivity-of-al2o3water-based-nanofluids-revisiting-the-influences-of-ph-and-surfactant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Robustness of the Fuzzy Adaptive Speed Control of a Multi-Phase Asynchronous Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bessaad%20Taieb">Bessaad Taieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benbouali%20Abderrahmen"> Benbouali Abderrahmen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fuzzy controllers are a powerful tool for controlling complex processes. However, its robustness capacity remains moderately limited because it loses its property for large ranges of parametric variations. In this paper, the proposed control method is designed, based on a fuzzy adaptive controller used as a remedy for this problem. For increase the robustness of the vector control and to maintain the performance of the five-phase asynchronous machine despite the presence of disturbances (variation of rotor resistance, rotor inertia variations, sudden variations in the load etc.), by applying the method of behaviour model control (BMC). The results of simulation show that the fuzzy adaptive control provides best performance and has a more robustness as the fuzzy (FLC) and as a conventional (PI) controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20adaptive%20control" title="fuzzy adaptive control">fuzzy adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviour%20model%20control" title=" behaviour model control"> behaviour model control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20control" title=" vector control"> vector control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five-phase%20asynchronous%20machine" title=" five-phase asynchronous machine"> five-phase asynchronous machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168082/robustness-of-the-fuzzy-adaptive-speed-control-of-a-multi-phase-asynchronous-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> The Impact of Socio – Cultural Factors on Female Entrepreneurial Intention: The Case of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesrine%20Bouguerra">Nesrine Bouguerra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entrepreneurship is seen as a necessary ingredient for stimulating economic growth and employment opportunities in all societies. SMEs account for a wide share of economic activity and development. they are the primary engine of job creation, income growth and poverty reduction. Indeed, government support for entrepreneurship is a strategic option to foster economic growth and females’ input in this regard, is of equal significance not only for employability and productivity but also to narrow the gender gap created by social attitudes and beliefs. This study investigates the impact of socio–cultural factors, among other barriers on female entrepreneurial intention in Algeria. Data will be collected using a mixed method approach (Questionnaires and Interviews) from women intending to become entrepreneurs and those already in the field. This study has conceptual, theoretical and empirical contributions to the field of entrepreneurship which will be unveiled throughout. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20entrepreneurship" title="female entrepreneurship">female entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMEs" title=" SMEs"> SMEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio%20%E2%80%93cultural%20values" title=" socio –cultural values"> socio –cultural values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers" title=" barriers"> barriers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24762/the-impact-of-socio-cultural-factors-on-female-entrepreneurial-intention-the-case-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Heterogeneity, Asymmetry and Extreme Risk Perception; Dynamic Evolution Detection From Implied Risk Neutral Density</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmen%20Aloulou">Abderrahmen Aloulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younes%20Boujelbene"> Younes Boujelbene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current paper displays a new method of extracting information content from options prices by eliminating biases caused by daily variation of contract maturity. Based on Kernel regression tool, this non-parametric technique serves to obtain a spectrum of interpolated options with constant maturity horizons from negotiated optional contracts on the S&P TSX 60 index. This method makes it plausible to compare daily risk neutral densities from which extracting time continuous indicators allows the detection traders attitudes’ evolution, such as, belief homogeneity, asymmetry and extreme Risk Perception. Our findings indicate that the applied method contribute to develop effective trading strategies and to adjust monetary policies through controlling trader’s reactions to economic and monetary news. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20neutral%20densities" title="risk neutral densities">risk neutral densities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kernel" title=" kernel"> kernel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20maturity%20horizons" title=" constant maturity horizons"> constant maturity horizons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogeneity" title=" homogeneity"> homogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry%20and%20extreme%20risk%20perception" title=" asymmetry and extreme risk perception"> asymmetry and extreme risk perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25525/heterogeneity-asymmetry-and-extreme-risk-perception-dynamic-evolution-detection-from-implied-risk-neutral-density" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Optimum Switch Temperature for Phase Change Materials in Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Hadi%20Bouguerra">El Hadi Bouguerra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouredine%20Retiel"> Nouredine Retiel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To avoid or at least to attenuate the global warming, it is essential to reduce the energy consumption of the buildings where the biggest potential of savings exists. The impending danger can come from the increase in the needs of air conditioning not only because of the climate warming but also the fast equipping of emerging or developing countries. Passive solutions exist and others are in promising development and therefore, must be applied wherever it is possible. Even if they do not always avoid the resort to an active cooling (mechanical), they allow lowering the load at an acceptable level which can be possibly taken in relay by the renewable energies. These solutions have the advantage to be relatively less expensive and especially adaptable to the existing housing. However, it is the internal convection resistance that controls the heat exchange between the phase change materials (PCM) and the indoor temperature because of the very low heat coefficients of natural convection. Therefore, it is reasonable to link the switch temperature Tm to the temperature of the substrate (walls and ceiling) because conduction heat transfer is dominant. In this case, external conditions (heat sources such as solar irradiation and ambient temperatures) and conductivities of envelope constituents are the most important factors. The walls are not at the same temperature year round; therefore, it is difficult to set a unique switch temperature for the whole season, making the average values a key parameter. With this work, the authors’ aim is to see which parameters influence the optimum switch temperature of a PCM and additionally, if a better selection of PCMs relating to their optimum temperature can enhance their energetic performances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20energy%20building" title="low energy building">low energy building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20conservation" title=" energy conservation"> energy conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20change%20materials" title=" phase change materials"> phase change materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCM" title=" PCM"> PCM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52193/optimum-switch-temperature-for-phase-change-materials-in-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Effect of Grading Characteristics on the Shear Strength and Mechanical Behavior of Granular Classes of Sands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Brahim%20Belakhdar">Salah Brahim Belakhdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tari%20Mohammed%20Amin"> Tari Mohammed Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafai%20Abderrahmen"> Rafai Abderrahmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amalsi%20Bilal"> Amalsi Bilal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shear strength of sandy soils has been considered as the important parameter to study the stability of different civil engineering structures when subjected to monotonic, cyclic, and earthquake loading conditions. The proposed research investigated the effect of grading characteristics on the shear strength and mechanical behaviour of granular classes of sands mixed with salt in loose and dense states (Dr=15% and 90%). The laboratory investigation aimed at understanding the extent or degree at which shear strength of sand-silt mixture soil is affected by its gradation under static loading conditions. For the purpose of clarifying and evaluating the shear strength characteristics of sandy soils, a series of Casagrande shear box tests were carried out on different reconstituted samples of sand-silt mixtures with various gradations. The soil samples were tested under different normal stresses (100, 200, and 300 kPa). The results from this laboratory investigation were used to develop insight into the shear strength response of sand and sand-silt mixtures under monotonic loading conditions. The analysis of the obtained data revealed that the grading characteristics (D10, D50, Cu, ESR, and MGSR) have a significant influence on the shear strength response. It was found that shear strength can be correlated to the grading characteristics for the sand-silt mixture. The effective size ratio (ESR) and mean grain size ratio (MGSR) appear as pertinent parameters to predict the shear strength response of the sand-silt mixtures for soil gradation under study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20behavior" title="mechanical behavior">mechanical behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silty%20sand" title=" silty sand"> silty sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20angle" title=" friction angle"> friction angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion" title=" cohesion"> cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fines%20content" title=" fines content"> fines content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26025/the-effect-of-grading-characteristics-on-the-shear-strength-and-mechanical-behavior-of-granular-classes-of-sands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> O-LEACH: The Problem of Orphan Nodes in the LEACH of Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassim%20Jerbi">Wassim Jerbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmen%20Guermazi"> Abderrahmen Guermazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafedh%20Trabelsi"> Hafedh Trabelsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The optimum use of coverage in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is very important. LEACH protocol called Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, presents a hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. LEACH is a protocol that allows the formation of distributed cluster. In each cluster, LEACH randomly selects some sensor nodes called cluster heads (CHs). The selection of CHs is made with a probabilistic calculation. It is supposed that each non-CH node joins a cluster and becomes a cluster member. Nevertheless, some CHs can be concentrated in a specific part of the network. Thus, several sensor nodes cannot reach any CH. to solve this problem. We created an O-LEACH Orphan nodes protocol, its role is to reduce the sensor nodes which do not belong the cluster. The cluster member called Gateway receives messages from neighboring orphan nodes. The gateway informs CH having the neighboring nodes that not belong to any group. However, Gateway called (CH') attaches the orphaned nodes to the cluster and then collected the data. O-Leach enables the formation of a new method of cluster, leads to a long life and minimal energy consumption. Orphan nodes possess enough energy and seeks to be covered by the network. The principal novel contribution of the proposed work is O-LEACH protocol which provides coverage of the whole network with a minimum number of orphaned nodes and has a very high connectivity rates.As a result, the WSN application receives data from the entire network including orphan nodes. The proper functioning of the Application requires, therefore, management of intelligent resources present within each the network sensor. The simulation results show that O-LEACH performs better than LEACH in terms of coverage, connectivity rate, energy and scalability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSNs%3B%20routing%3B%20LEACH%3B%20O-LEACH%3B%20Orphan%20nodes%3B%20sub-cluster%3B%20gateway%3B%20CH%E2%80%99" title="WSNs; routing; LEACH; O-LEACH; Orphan nodes; sub-cluster; gateway; CH’">WSNs; routing; LEACH; O-LEACH; Orphan nodes; sub-cluster; gateway; CH’</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43405/o-leach-the-problem-of-orphan-nodes-in-the-leach-of-routing-protocol-for-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>