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id="toc-Ancient_and_medieval_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_and_medieval_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ancient and medieval times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_and_medieval_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ottoman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archaeological_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Archaeological sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bronze_statues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronze_statues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Bronze statues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronze_statues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leisure_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Leisure and entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leisure_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maritime_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maritime_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Maritime industry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Maritime_industry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Maritime industry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Maritime_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1967_military_junta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1967_military_junta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>1967 military junta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1967_military_junta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1974_democratic_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1974_democratic_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>1974 democratic government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1974_democratic_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipping_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipping_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Shipping today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipping_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayors_of_Piraeus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayors_of_Piraeus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Mayors of Piraeus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayors_of_Piraeus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universities_and_institutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities_and_institutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Universities and institutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities_and_institutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Piraeus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%A4us" title="Piräus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Piräus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بيرايوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيرايوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peirai%C3%A1s" title="Peiraiás – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Peiraiás" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%A1" title="Բիրէա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բիրէա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Pir%C3%A9u" title="El Piréu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="El Piréu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirey" title="Pirey – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pirey" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Пирей – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пирей" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Пірэй – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пірэй" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Пірэй – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пірэй" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Пирея – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пирея" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Pireu" title="El Pireu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El Pireu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus_(kapital_sa_munisipyo_sa_Gresya)" title="Piraeus (kapital sa munisipyo sa Gresya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Piraeus (kapital sa munisipyo sa Gresya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireus" title="Pireus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pireus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Piraeus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%A6us" title="Piræus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Piræus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%A4us" title="Piräus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Piräus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireus" title="Pireus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pireus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Πειραιάς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πειραιάς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Pireo" title="El Pireo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El Pireo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireo" title="Pireo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pireo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireo" title="Pireo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pireo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3" title="پیرئوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیرئوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Pir%C3%A9e" title="Le Pirée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Le Pirée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Pireo" title="O Pireo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="O Pireo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EB%A0%88%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4" title="피레아스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피레아스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Պիրեյոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պիրեյոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirej" title="Pirej – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pirej" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Piraeus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Пирей – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пирей" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Pireo" title="Il Pireo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Il Pireo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1" title="פיראוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיראוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Piraeus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="პირეოსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პირეოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Пирей – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пирей" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Piraeus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireja" title="Pireja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pireja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C3%A4us" title="Piräus – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Piräus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir%C4%97jas" title="Pirėjas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirėjas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireas_(stad)" title="Pireas (stad) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pireas (stad)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Piree" title="El Piree – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="El Piree" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireusz" title="Pireusz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pireusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Piraeus" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Пирей – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пирей" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus_(stad)" title="Piraeus (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Piraeus (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="ピレウス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピレウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Пирей – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пирей" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireus" title="Pireus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pireus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireus" title="Pireus – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pireus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo_Pir%C3%A8u" title="Lo Pirèu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lo Pirèu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirey_(Gretsiya)" title="Pirey (Gretsiya) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pirey (Gretsiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="پیرایوس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پیرایوس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireus" title="Pireus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pireus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Πειραιάς – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Πειραιάς" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireu" title="Pireu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pireu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireu" title="Pireu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pireu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Пирей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пирей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Piraeus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Piraeus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireus_(mesto)" title="Pireus (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pireus (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirej" title="Pirej – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pirej" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireus" title="Pireus – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Pireus" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Пиреј – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пиреј" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirej" title="Pirej – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pirej" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireus" title="Pireus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pireus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireus" title="Pireus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pireus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரேயஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரேயஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ไพรีอัส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไพรีอัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pire_(%C5%9Fehir)" title="Pire (şehir) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pire (şehir)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Пірей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пірей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="پیرایوس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیرایوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirei" title="Pirei – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pirei" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Piraeus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pireas" title="Pireas – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Pireas" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Piraeus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%9B%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF" title="比雷埃夫斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="比雷埃夫斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%9B%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF" title="比雷埃夫斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="比雷埃夫斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piriejos" title="Piriejos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Piriejos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%9B%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF" title="比雷埃夫斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="比雷埃夫斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58976#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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.longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Piraeus&params=37_56_34.8_N_23_38_49_E_type:city(168151)_region:GR-I"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°56′34.8″N</span> <span class="longitude">23°38′49″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.943000°N 23.64694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.943000; 23.64694</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Harbour of Athens and a port city in Attica, Greece</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the municipality of Greece. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Piraeus (disambiguation)">Piraeus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Greece</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Piraeus</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="el"><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Πειραιάς</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_and_communities_of_Greece" title="Municipalities and communities of Greece">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piraeus-collage-c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clockwise: Piraeus station, a statue of Poseidon, Mikrolimano and Piraeus Municipal Theatre"><img alt="Clockwise: Piraeus station, a statue of Poseidon, Mikrolimano and Piraeus Municipal Theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Piraeus-collage-c.jpg/330px-Piraeus-collage-c.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Piraeus-collage-c.jpg/500px-Piraeus-collage-c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Piraeus-collage-c.jpg/540px-Piraeus-collage-c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="795" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise: <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_station" title="Piraeus station">Piraeus station</a>, a statue of <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>, Mikrolimano and <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_Municipal_Theatre" title="Piraeus Municipal Theatre">Piraeus Municipal Theatre</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greece_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piraeus is located in Greece"><img alt="Piraeus is located in Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Greece_location_map.svg/330px-Greece_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Greece_location_map.svg/500px-Greece_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Greece_location_map.svg/960px-Greece_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="825" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.824%;left:42.101%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Piraeus"><img alt="Piraeus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Piraeus</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:line; margin-top:2px"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size:115%; height:auto; padding-right:2em;">Location within the region</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_Dimos_Pireos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2011_Dimos_Pireos.png/250px-2011_Dimos_Pireos.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2011_Dimos_Pireos.png/375px-2011_Dimos_Pireos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/2011_Dimos_Pireos.png/500px-2011_Dimos_Pireos.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1115" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Piraeus&params=37_56_34.8_N_23_38_49_E_type:city(168151)_region:GR-I"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°56′34.8″N</span> <span class="longitude">23°38′49″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.943000°N 23.64694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.943000; 23.64694</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Greece" title="Regions of Greece">Administrative region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Attica_(region)" title="Attica (region)">Attica</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Regional unit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Piraeus_(regional_unit)" title="Piraeus (regional unit)">Piraeus</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Moralis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioannis Moralis">Ioannis Moralis</a><sup id="cite_ref-mayor_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (since 2014)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Municipality</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10.865 km<sup>2</sup> (4.195 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">50.417 km<sup>2</sup> (19.466 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">87 m (285 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-census21_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Municipality</div></th><td class="infobox-data">168,151</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">15,000/km<sup>2</sup> (40,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">448,051</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">8,900/km<sup>2</sup> (23,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Greece" title="Postal codes in Greece">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">185 xx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Greece" title="Telephone numbers in Greece">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Greece" title="Vehicle registration plates of Greece">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Υ</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.piraeus.gov.gr">www.piraeus.gov.gr</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patron saint</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Spyridon" title="Saint Spyridon">Saint Spyridon</a> (12 December)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Piraeus</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">py-<span style="font-size:90%">REE</span>-əs, pirr-<span style="font-size:90%">AY</span>-əs</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Πειραιάς</span> <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Peiraiás</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[pireˈas]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katharevousa" title="Katharevousa">Katharevousa</a>: <span lang="grc">Πειραιεύς</span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Peiraieús</i></span>; <small>Ancient:</small> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[peːrai̯eús]</a></span>, <small>Katharevousa:</small> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[pire̞ˈefs]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Port#Ancient_Greece" title="Port">port city</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Athens_urban_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens urban area">Athens urban area</a> ("Greater Athens"), in the <a href="/wiki/Attica_(region)" title="Attica (region)">Attica</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located eight kilometres (5 mi) southwest of Athens city centre along the east coast of the <a href="/wiki/Saronic_Gulf" title="Saronic Gulf">Saronic Gulf</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Riviera" title="Athens Riviera">Athens Riviera</a>. </p><p>The municipality of Piraeus and four other suburban municipalities form the <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_(regional_unit)" title="Piraeus (regional unit)">regional unit of Piraeus</a>, sometimes called the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Piraeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Piraeus">Greater Piraeus</a> area, with a total population of 448,051. At the 2021 census, Piraeus had a population of 168,151 people, making it the fifth largest municipality in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and the second largest (after the municipality of Athens) within the Athens urban area.<sup id="cite_ref-census21_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Piraeus has a long <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a>, dating back to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>. The city was founded in the early 5th century BC, when plans to make it the new port of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a> were implemented: A prototype harbour was constructed, which resulted in concentrating in one location all the import and transit trade of Athens, along with the <a href="/wiki/Athenian_navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenian navy">navy</a>'s base.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Age of Athens">Golden Age of Athens</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Long_Walls" title="Long Walls">Long Walls</a> were constructed to fortify the route from the main settlement to the port (Piraeus). During the classical period, the <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">naval base</a> in Piraeus had 372 <a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">trireme</a> shipsheds.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in the 3rd century B.C., Piraeus went into a period of cumulative decline. However, it began growing once again in the 19th century, after Athens was made the capital of Greece. Today, Piraeus is a large city, bustling with activity, and an integral part of Athens. It is a huge marine and commercial-industrial centre, and home to Greece's largest harbour. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Piraeus" title="Port of Piraeus">port of Piraeus</a> is the chief port in Greece, the 5th largest passenger <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_cruise_ports_by_passengers" title="List of busiest cruise ports by passengers">24th largest passenger port in the world</a> serving about 4.37 million passengers annually in 2020. With a throughput of 5.44 million <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">TEUs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piraeus is among the busiest ten ports in Europe in terms of container traffic, and is the busiest container port in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city hosted events in both the <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896</a> and <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a> held in Athens. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Piraeus" title="University of Piraeus">University of Piraeus</a> is one of the largest universities in Greece, and includes the country's second-oldest business school, as well as the oldest academic department dedicated to the study of finance.<sup id="cite_ref-Student_Guide_2017_–_University_of_Piraeus_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Student_Guide_2017_–_University_of_Piraeus-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_and_medieval_times">Ancient and medieval times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient and medieval times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Classical Athens</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7669_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum,_Athens_-_330s_BC_stele_for_a_girl_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_Nov_14_200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/7669_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_330s_BC_stele_for_a_girl_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_200.jpg/170px-7669_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_330s_BC_stele_for_a_girl_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_200.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/7669_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_330s_BC_stele_for_a_girl_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_200.jpg/255px-7669_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_330s_BC_stele_for_a_girl_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/7669_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_330s_BC_stele_for_a_girl_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_200.jpg/340px-7669_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_330s_BC_stele_for_a_girl_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Funerary relief for a girl, flanked by her parents (330/320 BC); <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Piraeus" title="Archaeological Museum of Piraeus">Archaeological Museum of Piraeus</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Piraeus has been inhabited since at least the <a href="/wiki/26th_century_BC" title="26th century BC">26th century BC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hadjimanolakis_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hadjimanolakis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piraeus is a rocky outcropping on the Greek coast that features the steep hill of <a href="/wiki/Munichia" title="Munichia">Munichia</a> and modern-day <a href="/wiki/Kastella,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastella, Greece">Kastella</a>. Although long connected to the mainland by a land bridge that is consistently above water, Piraeus in <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Greece">prehistoric times</a> was an island connected to the mainland only by a low-lying stretch of land that was flooded by sea water most of the year. Whenever the land bridge dried up, it was used as a <a href="/wiki/Salt_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt field">salt field</a> (its ancient name, the Halipedon, means the 'salt field'), and its muddy soil made for a tricky passage. Over time, however, the area became increasingly silted, high, and dry—and flooding ceased—so that, by early <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical times</a>, the land passage could be safely crossed at all times. Thus in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>, Piraeus assumed increased importance because of its three deep-water harbours: the main port of Cantharus and the two smaller ports, <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Zea" title="Bay of Zea">Zea</a> and Munichia. The Piraeus harbours gradually replaced the older and shallower <a href="/wiki/Phaleron_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaleron Bay">Phaleron harbour</a>, which fell into disuse. </p><p>In the late 6th and early 5th centuries BC, the area became the focus of strategic and political improvements due to its natural advantages. For example, in 511 BC, the hill of Munichia was fortified by <a href="/wiki/Hippias_(tyrant)" title="Hippias (tyrant)">Hippias</a>, and four years later Piraeus was made a <a href="/wiki/Deme" title="Deme">deme</a> of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cleisthenes" title="Cleisthenes">Cleisthenes</a>. According to the ancient Greek historian <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 493 BC, <a href="/wiki/Themistocles" title="Themistocles">Themistocles</a> initiated fortification works in Piraeus, and later advised the Athenians to take advantage of its natural harbours' strategic potential instead of using the sandy bay of Phaleron.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">duty</a> of 2 percent was levied on goods passing through the port. These were very effective at raising funds for the city of Athens. In the year 399 after the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a>, for example, the city had collected 1,800 talents in harbour dues despite economic effects of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 483 BC, a new silver vein was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Mines_of_Laurion" title="Mines of Laurion">Laurion mines</a>, and the profit from mining that silver was utilized to fund the construction of 200 triremes;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Athenian fleet was transferred to Piraeus, and the triremes were built in its shipyards. The <a href="/wiki/Athenian_navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenian navy">Athenian fleet</a> played a crucial role in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">battle of Salamis</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persians</a> in 480 BC. From then on, Piraeus was permanently used as the navy's base. After the <a href="/wiki/Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece" title="Second Persian invasion of Greece">second Persian invasion of Greece</a>, Themistocles fortified the three harbours of Piraeus and created the <i>neosoikoi</i> (ship houses); the <a href="/wiki/Themistoclean_Walls" class="mw-redirect" title="Themistoclean Walls">Themistoclean Walls</a> were completed in 471 BC, transforming Piraeus into a great military and commercial harbour. The city's fortifications were later further improved by the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Walls" title="Long Walls">Long Walls</a> under <a href="/wiki/Cimon" title="Cimon">Cimon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pericles" title="Pericles">Pericles</a>, which secured the route from Piraeus and its ports to the main city of Athens. Meanwhile, Piraeus was rebuilt, based on the famous <a href="/wiki/Grid_plan" title="Grid plan">grid plan</a> of architect <a href="/wiki/Hippodamus_of_Miletus" title="Hippodamus of Miletus">Hippodamus of Miletus</a>, known as the Hippodamian plan. (The main <a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">agora</a> of the city was named after him in honour of this achievement.) As a result, Piraeus flourished, becoming a highly secure port with booming commercial activity, and a city bustling with life. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AtheneOudheid.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/AtheneOudheid.JPG/250px-AtheneOudheid.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/AtheneOudheid.JPG/375px-AtheneOudheid.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/AtheneOudheid.JPG/500px-AtheneOudheid.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="986" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Long_Walls" title="Long Walls">Long Walls</a> connecting the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a> to its port of Piraeus.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the second year of the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a>, Piraeus suffered its first setback when the <a href="/wiki/Plague_of_Athens" title="Plague of Athens">Athens plague</a> spread to it.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 429, the <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartans</a> ravaged <a href="/wiki/Salamina,_Attica" title="Salamina, Attica">Salamis</a> as part of an abortive attack on the Piraeus. But when the Athenians responded by sending a fleet to investigate, the Spartan alliance forces fled.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 404 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartan</a> fleet under <a href="/wiki/Lysander" title="Lysander">Lysander</a> blockaded Piraeus, and subsequently Athens surrendered to the Spartans, putting an end to the <a href="/wiki/Delian_League" title="Delian League">Delian League</a> and the war itself. Piraeus was to suffer the same fate as Athens and bear the brunt of the Spartans' rage, as the city's walls and the Long Walls were torn down; the Athenian fleet surrendered to the victors, some of the <a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">triremes</a> were burnt, and the <i>neosoikoi</i> were pulled down.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the tattered and unfortified port city was not able to compete with prosperous <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, which became the dominant commercial force in the region. In 403 BC, Munichia was seized by <a href="/wiki/Thrasybulus" title="Thrasybulus">Thrasybulus</a> and the exiles from <a href="/wiki/Fyli" title="Fyli">Phyle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Munichia" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Munichia">battle of Munichia</a>, where the Phyleans defeated the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Tyrants" title="Thirty Tyrants">Thirty Tyrants</a> of Athens, but in the following <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Piraeus" title="Battle of Piraeus">battle of Piraeus</a> the exiles were defeated by <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartan</a> forces. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7123_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum,_Athens_-_Bust_of_Hadrian_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_Nov_14_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/7123_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Bust_of_Hadrian_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg/250px-7123_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Bust_of_Hadrian_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/7123_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Bust_of_Hadrian_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg/330px-7123_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Bust_of_Hadrian_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/7123_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Bust_of_Hadrian_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg/500px-7123_-_Piraeus_Arch._Museum%2C_Athens_-_Bust_of_Hadrian_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_14_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3377" data-file-height="2366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Hadrian_(Piraeus)" title="Bust of Hadrian (Piraeus)">Colossal statue of Hadrian</a> of Piraeus.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the reinstatement of <a href="/wiki/Athenian_democracy" title="Athenian democracy">democracy</a>, a general <a href="/wiki/Conon" title="Conon">Conon</a> rebuilt the walls in 393 BC, founded the temple of <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> Euploia and the sanctuary of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> Sotiros and <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>, and built the famous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skeuotheke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skeuotheke (page does not exist)">Skeuotheke</a> (arsenal) of <a href="/wiki/Philon" title="Philon">Philon</a>, the ruins of which have been discovered at Zea harbour.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reconstruction of Piraeus went on during the period of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, but this revival of the town was quashed by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Cornelius_Sulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Cornelius Sulla">Lucius Cornelius Sulla</a>, who captured and totally destroyed Piraeus in 86 BC. The destruction was completed in 395 AD by the <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> under <a href="/wiki/Alaric_I" title="Alaric I">Alaric I</a>. Piraeus was led to a long period of decline which lasted for fifteen centuries. During the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> period the harbour of Piraeus was occasionally used for the Byzantine fleet, but it was very far from the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. </p><p>In the Middle Ages, the port was usually called by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> the "port of Sithines" (that is, of Athens) and in the 14th century, the name "Lion" is first attested, after the colossal ancient sculpture of a lion, the <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_Lion" title="Piraeus Lion">Piraeus Lion</a>, which stood at the harbour's entrance. This later become <i>Porto Leone</i> (Πόρτο Λεόνε).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also called <i>Porto Drako</i> (Πόρτο Δράκο) by Greeks, <i>drako</i> meaning not just "dragon", but any monster.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ottoman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Greece</a></div> <p>When Piraeus was taken by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1456, it became known as <i>Aslan Liman</i> ("Lion Harbour"), a translation of the existing Venetian name. </p><p>The Piraeus Lion itself was looted in 1687 by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Morosini" title="Francesco Morosini">Francesco Morosini</a> during his expedition against Athens (part of the <a href="/wiki/Morean_War" title="Morean War">Morean War</a>) and was carried to the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Arsenal" title="Venetian Arsenal">Venetian Arsenal</a>, where it still stands today. A copy of the lion statue is on display at the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Piraeus" title="Archaeological Museum of Piraeus">Archaeological Museum of Piraeus</a>. </p><p>Under Ottoman rule, especially before the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a>, Piraeus was mostly deserted, except for the monastery of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Spyridon" title="Saint Spyridon">Saint Spyridon</a> (1590) and a customs house, and it was only used occasionally as a commercial port. Although there were numerous land owners, Athenians did not live in the area. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piraeus_1837.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Piraeus_1837.JPG/220px-Piraeus_1837.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Piraeus_1837.JPG/330px-Piraeus_1837.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Piraeus_1837.JPG/440px-Piraeus_1837.JPG 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>The customs office of the port of Piraeus in 1837. Watercolor by the Bavarian captain Ludwig Köllnberger.</figcaption></figure> <p>There were at least two failed attempts to create a new town, the first in 1792 by bringing a population from <a href="/wiki/Hydra,_Saronic_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydra, Saronic Islands">Hydra</a> and the second during the Greek War of Independence in 1825 by the installation of people from <a href="/wiki/Psara" title="Psara">Psara</a>, but it was not until 1829 that permanent habitation of the area was restarted. Piraeus at first developed into a small town with few dwellings, far from its glorious past as a prosperous city, with its population consisting largely of fishermen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piraeus-Saint_Spyridon_1887.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Piraeus-Saint_Spyridon_1887.jpg/220px-Piraeus-Saint_Spyridon_1887.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Piraeus-Saint_Spyridon_1887.jpg/330px-Piraeus-Saint_Spyridon_1887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Piraeus-Saint_Spyridon_1887.jpg/440px-Piraeus-Saint_Spyridon_1887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>The city of Piraeus and the church of Saint Spyridon; postcard of 1887.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece_(Wittelsbach)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Greece (Wittelsbach)">modern Greek state</a> and the proclamation of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> as its capital in 1832, the port, still named Πόρτο Λεόνε "Porto Leone" or Πόρτο Δράκο "Porto Draco",<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> again acquired a reason for growth, and began to develop into a commercial and industrial centre. Migrants, mainly from the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Islands" title="Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a>, continued to arrive. A town plan was also drawn up and approved by <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Greece" title="Otto of Greece">King Otto</a>, but not completely fulfilled, as it was revolutionary for its time.<sup id="cite_ref-Hadjimanolakis_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hadjimanolakis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The municipality was established in 1835, reviving the ancient name "Piraeus".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following petitions from the new and emerging prosperous <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a>, municipal elections were held to elect a mayor for the city, Kyriakos Serfiotis of Hydra. Piraeus had around 300 inhabitants at this time. </p><p>Piraeus, from a deserted small town, quickly became the leading port and the second largest city in Greece, with its prime geographical location and closeness to the Greek capital helping it continually to grow, attracting people from across the country. A number of events contributed to the development of the city; among these were its ultimate declaration as the leading port of Greece, the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Athens_metro#Piraeus-Kifissia_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens metro">Athens-Piraeus Railway</a> in 1869, the industrial development of the area in the 1860s, and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Corinth_Canal" title="Corinth Canal">Corinth Canal</a> in 1893, all of which left Piraeus more strategically important than ever. New buildings were constructed to cover the necessities of this growth, such as educational institutions, churches, the Stock Exchange Building, the Town Hall, the Central Market, the Post Office Building and charity institutions; the port was also supplemented and modernised, with dredging operations, the construction of the Royal Landing, the Troumba Pier and the quay-ways up to the Customs House area, the commencement of construction work on the Outer Moles and the completion of permanent dry-docks. At the end of the 19th century, Piraeus had a population of 51,020 people. </p><p>The establishment of the Port Committee in 1911, which controlled the works of construction and maintenance of the port, and the Piraeus Port Authority in 1930, which made a more efficient job of managing a port slowly increasing in traffic, played a catalytic role in the city's development. The town flourished and neo-classical buildings were erected; one of them, which continues to ornament the present town, is the <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_Municipal_Theatre" title="Piraeus Municipal Theatre">Piraeus Municipal Theatre</a>, an excellent example of the area's once wider neoclassical architecture. After the decisive period for Greece of 1912–1922, Piraeus experienced a major demographic explosion, with its population almost doubling to reach 251,659 in 1928 from 133,482 in 1920, an increase owed to the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Greek_refugees" title="Greek refugees">Greek refugees</a> from <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Greek genocide</a> in Anatolia and finally the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" title="Population exchange between Greece and Turkey">population exchange between Greece and Turkey</a>. Although there was an increase in the labour force, a variety of social problems also emerged with the concentration of new populations in the suburbs of the city, such as <a href="/wiki/Nikaia,_Attica" title="Nikaia, Attica">Nikaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keratsini" title="Keratsini">Keratsini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perama" title="Perama">Perama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drapetsona" title="Drapetsona">Drapetsona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korydallos" title="Korydallos">Korydallos</a>. </p><p>The involvement of Greece in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> came as a major setback to the city's progress. After the war, the city began its development once more, as damage to the port and the city were repaired and new additions took shape after 1955. Piraeus is now the fifth largest municipality in Greece; the city proper with its suburbs form the Piraeus <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban area</a>, which is incorporated in the Athens urban area, thus making Piraeus an integral part of the Greek capital. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Piraeus" title="Port of Piraeus">port of Piraeus</a> is now an important international port, and the largest in the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piraeus is situated in the southwest part of the central plain of <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>, also widely known as the <i>Attica Basin</i>, which the <a href="/wiki/Athens_urban_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens urban area">Athens urban area</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">agglomeration</a>) sprawls across. Piraeus is bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Aigaleo" title="Mount Aigaleo">Mount Aigaleo</a> to the northwest, and the <a href="/wiki/Saronic_Gulf" title="Saronic Gulf">Saronic Gulf</a> to the south and west, and connected with the rest of the Athens urban area to the east and northeast. The "city proper" of Piraeus consists of a rocky peninsula, originally an island, featuring three natural harbours. In addition to the central one, called Kantharos in ancient times, the smaller harbours to the east are still in use: Zea, also known as <i>Pasalimani</i>, and Munichia, the smallest of the three and widely known as <i>Mikrolimano</i> and <i>Tourkolimano </i>. Nowadays, the Greater Piraeus includes the harbours of <a href="/wiki/Drapetsona" title="Drapetsona">Drapetsona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keratsini" title="Keratsini">Keratsini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perama" title="Perama">Perama</a>. The central harbour is a hub of commercial and passenger shipping, whereas the two smaller ones cater to recreational and fishing craft. The municipality has an area of 10.865 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-stat01_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat01-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Piraeus has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a> (<i>BSh</i>) and according to the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_National_Meteorological_Service" title="Hellenic National Meteorological Service">Hellenic National Meteorological Service</a> climate atlas it is the only area in <a href="/wiki/Attica_(region)" title="Attica (region)">Attica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> that clearly falls into this climate category.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_Atlas_of_Greece_(Hellenic_National_Meteorological_Service)_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate_Atlas_of_Greece_(Hellenic_National_Meteorological_Service)-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to summer night land breezes in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Piraeus records high minimum summer temperatures while the mean annual temperature stands at 19.4 °C (66.9 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-N.T.U.A_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N.T.U.A-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Athens_Riviera:_The_warmest_area_in_continental_Europe_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Athens_Riviera:_The_warmest_area_in_continental_Europe-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During July 2024 minimum temperatures remained over 30 °C (86 °F) for 12 consecutive days in Piraeus, breaking all known records for any area in the country. <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:70%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Piraeus <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_National_Meteorological_Service" title="Hellenic National Meteorological Service">Hellenic National Meteorological Service</a> (1981-2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.81<br />(73.06) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9832; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.35<br />(66.83) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB062; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.89<br />(60.60) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.95<br />(1.65) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.26<br />(1.43) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.09<br />(1.34) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.34<br />(1.19) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.95<br />(0.63) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.08<br />(0.20) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.56<br />(0.22) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.07<br />(0.12) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.37<br />(0.45) </td> <td style="background: #D1FFD1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(1.20) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.87<br />(2.32) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.84<br />(2.32) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">331.9<br />(13.07) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/National_Technical_University_of_Athens" title="National Technical University of Athens">National Technical University of Athens</a><sup id="cite_ref-N.T.U.A_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N.T.U.A-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:70%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piraeus</a> Kallipoli 29 m a.s.l. </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(103.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8<br />(103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.8<br />(103.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.8<br />(1.88) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(1.14) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(0.86) </td> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(0.70) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(0.47) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(0.67) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(0.24) </td> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(0.33) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(1.00) </td> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(0.83) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.8<br />(2.00) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.1<br />(1.85) </td> <td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">304.1<br />(11.97) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a> Monthly Bulletins (Sep 2017 – Nov 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Piraeus Kallipoli N.O.A station, <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMO_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:70%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Piraeus Port </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(101.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.9<br />(2.04) </td> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(1.04) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(1.10) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(0.38) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(0.43) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(0.17) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(0.15) </td> <td style="background: #E6FFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(0.64) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.1<br />(1.74) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(0.12) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.3<br />(1.78) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(1.17) </td> <td style="background: #DCFFDC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">273.2<br />(10.76) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a> Monthly Bulletins (Apr 2022 – Nov 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Piraeus Port N.O.A station, <sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-W.M.O_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W.M.O-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piraeus is the fifth most populous municipality in Greece with an official population of 168,151 (in 2021).<sup id="cite_ref-census21_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Piraeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Piraeus">Greater Piraeus</a>, part of the greater <a href="/wiki/Athens_urban_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens urban area">Athens urban area</a>, comprises the city proper (municipality of Piraeus) and four other suburban municipalities, having a total population of 448,051 people (in 2021).<sup id="cite_ref-census21_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census21-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The table below shows the historical population of Piraeus and Piraeus regional unit in recent times.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:35%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Year </th> <th width="15%">Municipality population </th> <th width="15%">Greater area population </th></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td>186,088 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td>183,957 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td>187,458 </td> <td>439,138 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td>196,389 </td> <td>476,304 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>182,671 </td> <td>456,865 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>175,697 </td> <td>466,065 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>163,688 </td> <td>448,997 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>168,151 </td> <td>448,051 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeological_sites">Archaeological sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Archaeological sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eetioneia_Gate_(Piraeus)3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Eetioneia_Gate_%28Piraeus%293.JPG/220px-Eetioneia_Gate_%28Piraeus%293.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Eetioneia_Gate_%28Piraeus%293.JPG/330px-Eetioneia_Gate_%28Piraeus%293.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Eetioneia_Gate_%28Piraeus%293.JPG/440px-Eetioneia_Gate_%28Piraeus%293.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Part of Eetioneia, the ancient gate to the harbour and part of the fortification of Piraeus, built during the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Among the archaeological sites of Piraeus, parts of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Themistocles" title="Themistocles">Themistoclean</a> Walls and <a href="/wiki/E%C3%ABtioneia" title="Eëtioneia">Eëtioneia</a>, a mole in the entrance to the harbour, are still preserved in good condition. Excavations in Pasalimani revealed the <i>Skeuotheke</i>, an ancient structure where ship rigging equipment was stored, designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Philon" title="Philon">Philon</a>. In Kastella the <i>Syrangion</i> is to be found, which probably served as a sanctuary to the local hero <i>Syrango</i>, and the Cave of Arethusa, both prehistoric. Ruins of the ancient city at the basement of the cathedral of Agia Triada and the ancient Theater of Zea next to the Archaeological Museum, the ancient <i>neosoikoi</i> in <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Zea" title="Bay of Zea">Zea</a>, Munichia and Kantharos <a href="/wiki/Athenian_navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenian navy">navy yard</a>, can also be seen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bronze_statues">Bronze statues</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bronze statues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox 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class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is written like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay</a></b> that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic style</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Piraeus" title="Special:EditPage/Piraeus">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Piraeus%22">"Piraeus"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Piraeus%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Piraeus%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Piraeus%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Piraeus%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Piraeus%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The discovery of four bronze statues at a construction site near the Tinaneios Gardens in Piraeus, Greece on July 18, 1959 is still remembered by an entire generation as a momentous discovery in Modern Greek archaeology. The statues are now featured in the Piraeus Museum, and are largely responsible for the creation of the modern Archaeological Museum of Piraeus. While drilling in order to lay pipes, the Hydrex Company came across the hand of a bronze <i>kouros</i> (youth) at a depth of approximately 1.50 meters. Excavations began after the custodian of the local museum, Dimitrios Kalantonis, and the Director of the Archaeological Service, Yiannis Papdimitriou, were informed. Four noteworthy bronze statues were uncovered in the continuing excavations – the Archaic Apollo (the <i>kouros</i> whose hand had originally been seen), the large Artemis, a smaller Artemis, and a larger-than-life Athena. However, the enthusiasm for the dig led to poor documentation of the details and context of the finds, leaving rare photos taken by the media or public as the only record. There are multiple theories as to how the statues came to be carefully arranged within what is thought to have been a small square room. When and why the statues were apparently hidden is open to debate, along with their origins, date, and style. One early theory suggests that the statues had been stored near the harbour with the intention of being shipped to Italy; however, the presence of coins near the statues dating from a period of war opens up another possibility – that the statues were hidden for safe keeping, and then lost when the building was destroyed. Dating the concealment of the statues is another issue, as they may have been buried anytime between the 1st century BC and the 3rd century AD. The statue of the <i>kouros</i> was recognized to be of Apollo, and dated to the 5th century BC. The other three female statues, from the 4th century BC, show a different, more human, form of sculpture that sets them apart from their older companion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leisure_and_entertainment">Leisure and entertainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Leisure and entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veakio-2_Piraeus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Veakio-2_Piraeus.JPG/250px-Veakio-2_Piraeus.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Veakio-2_Piraeus.JPG/330px-Veakio-2_Piraeus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Veakio-2_Piraeus.JPG/500px-Veakio-2_Piraeus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Veakeio Theater</i> (former <i>Skylitseio</i>) on the hill of Kastella, with view to the <a href="/wiki/Saronic_Gulf" title="Saronic Gulf">Saronic Gulf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hymettus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Hymettus">Mount Hymettus</a> and the southeastern part of Athens.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peiraias_teatr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Peiraias_teatr.jpg/220px-Peiraias_teatr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Peiraias_teatr.jpg/330px-Peiraias_teatr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Peiraias_teatr.jpg/440px-Peiraias_teatr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2457" data-file-height="1756" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_Municipal_Theatre" title="Piraeus Municipal Theatre">Piraeus Municipal Theatre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Piraeus provides a wide variety of entertainment. There are a lot of <a href="/wiki/Taverna" title="Taverna">tavernas</a> and restaurants in Piraeus, renowned for their cuisine. Most are spread along the coasts of Mikrolimano and Piraiki, specializing in seafood and attracting many visitors, including tourists. The nightlife of the city is vibrant, with numerous bars and nightclubs. Plenty of major shopping areas can be found on the central avenues of Piraeus, Iroon Polytechneiou and Grigoriou Labraki. </p><p>In the summer, the Maritime Festival take place, while the Three Kings' Way Festival marks the beginning of the carnival, with all the associated costumes and entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Municipal Theater has been the center of the arts in Piraeus, hosting a variety of cultural events including theater, dance and music events. The open air Veakeio Theater in Kastella is a popular destination during the summer and hosts concerts, folk music bands and Greek and foreign troupes, while the Menandreio Theater, widely known as Delfinario, is popular for hosting variety shows. Village Park, a large multipurpose center and part of the <a href="/wiki/Village_Cinemas" title="Village Cinemas">Village Cinemas</a> built in suburban <a href="/wiki/Agios_Ioannis_Renti" title="Agios Ioannis Renti">Agios Ioannis Renti</a>, attracts a large number of people from the whole of Athens, offering a diversity of shops, cafes, and restaurant, in addition to the twenty cinemas making it the largest cinema complex in Greece. Next to it, the Allou Fun Park is the most recent and largest amusement theme park in Athens, offering its numerous rides and attractions, restaurants and pastry shops.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hellenic_Maritime_Museum_frontyard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Hellenic_Maritime_Museum_frontyard.jpg/220px-Hellenic_Maritime_Museum_frontyard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Hellenic_Maritime_Museum_frontyard.jpg/330px-Hellenic_Maritime_Museum_frontyard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Hellenic_Maritime_Museum_frontyard.jpg/440px-Hellenic_Maritime_Museum_frontyard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>External view of the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Maritime_Museum" title="Hellenic Maritime Museum">Hellenic Maritime Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Freatida" class="mw-redirect" title="Freatida">Freatida</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Piraeus is home to several museums and other institutions of great interest within their field. The <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Piraeus" title="Archaeological Museum of Piraeus">Archaeological Museum of Piraeus</a> displays objects from <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a> found at the area of Piraeus and the greater coastal zone, typical of the history and culture of the ancient city. The city also houses the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Maritime_Museum" title="Hellenic Maritime Museum">Hellenic Maritime Museum</a>, with exhibits relating to the nautical tradition of Greece, the Merchant Shipping History Institute Exhibition, the <a href="/wiki/Panos_Aravantinos_Decor_Museum" title="Panos Aravantinos Decor Museum">Panos Aravantinos Decor Museum</a> and the Museum of Electric Railways, hosted in the <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_station" title="Piraeus station">Piraeus station</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Art_Gallery_of_Piraeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Art Gallery of Piraeus">Municipal Art Gallery</a> and the Municipal Library, one of the largest in Greece, are also prominent within the culture of Piraeus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peace_and_Friendship_stadium_02_03_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/29/Peace_and_Friendship_stadium_02_03_2014.JPG/220px-Peace_and_Friendship_stadium_02_03_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/29/Peace_and_Friendship_stadium_02_03_2014.JPG/330px-Peace_and_Friendship_stadium_02_03_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/29/Peace_and_Friendship_stadium_02_03_2014.JPG/440px-Peace_and_Friendship_stadium_02_03_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2860" data-file-height="2144" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Stadium" title="Peace and Friendship Stadium">Peace and Friendship Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karaiskakis_Stadium_Piraeus_Olympiacos-Arsenal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Karaiskakis_Stadium_Piraeus_Olympiacos-Arsenal.jpg/250px-Karaiskakis_Stadium_Piraeus_Olympiacos-Arsenal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Karaiskakis_Stadium_Piraeus_Olympiacos-Arsenal.jpg/330px-Karaiskakis_Stadium_Piraeus_Olympiacos-Arsenal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Karaiskakis_Stadium_Piraeus_Olympiacos-Arsenal.jpg/500px-Karaiskakis_Stadium_Piraeus_Olympiacos-Arsenal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1867" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Inside the <a href="/wiki/Karaiskakis_Stadium" title="Karaiskakis Stadium">Karaiskakis Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, Piraeus has played a major role in <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Greece" title="Sport in Greece">Greek sport</a>. The city boasts one of the most popular and one of the most prestigious Greek <a href="/wiki/Sports_club" title="Sports club">multisport clubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympiacos_CFP" title="Olympiacos CFP">Olympiacos CFP</a>. The other major club is <a href="/wiki/Ethnikos_Piraeus" title="Ethnikos Piraeus">Ethnikos Piraeus</a>, with a long athletic tradition, while other historic clubs are <a href="/wiki/Atromitos_Piraeus_F.C." title="Atromitos Piraeus F.C.">Atromitos Piraeus F.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peiraikos_Syndesmos" title="Peiraikos Syndesmos">Peiraikos Syndesmos</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympiacos_F.C." title="Olympiacos F.C.">Olympiacos F.C.</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Greece_by_major_honours_won" title="List of football clubs in Greece by major honours won">most successful football club in Greece</a>, having won by far more titles than any other Greek football club, and its ground is at the <a href="/wiki/Karaiskakis_Stadium" title="Karaiskakis Stadium">Karaiskakis Stadium</a>, in Neo <a href="/wiki/Faliro" class="mw-redirect" title="Faliro">Faliro</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ethnikos_Piraeus_F.C." title="Ethnikos Piraeus F.C.">Ethnikos Piraeus F.C.</a> had a longstanding presence in <a href="/wiki/Super_League_Greece" title="Super League Greece">Super League Greece</a> and also used the Karaiskakis Stadium as home ground, but in recent years the club has competed in lower divisions and currently plays home matches at the <a href="/wiki/Helliniko_Olympic_Complex#Olympic_Baseball_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Helliniko Olympic Complex">Helleniko Stadium</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ellinikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellinikon">Ellinikon</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympiacos_B.C." title="Olympiacos B.C.">Olympiacos B.C.</a> is the only major club from Piraeus, one of the most successful at domestic and European level, and its home arena is the <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Stadium" title="Peace and Friendship Stadium">Peace and Friendship Stadium</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> department of the same club, <a href="/wiki/Olympiacos_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Olympiacos S.C.">Olympiacos S.C.</a>, is the dominant domestically and has made great success in European competitions as well. Piraeus rides really high in <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Ethnikos_Piraeus_Water_Polo_Club" title="Ethnikos Piraeus Water Polo Club">Ethnikos Piraeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olympiacos_Water_Polo_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympiacos Water Polo Club">Olympiacos</a> departments have entirely dominated in Greece; the first is considered the "Emperor" of the sport and the latter is the only Greek water polo club to have been crowned European Champion. </p><p>First class sporting facilities can be found in Piraeus. The Karaiskakis Stadium, built in 1885 as a bicycle track, enlarged in 1964 and completely rebuilt in 2004, is the second largest football venue in Greece with a capacity of 33,334 and one of the most modern in Europe. It hosted the <a href="/wiki/1971_UEFA_Cup_Winners%27_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final">1971 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final</a> and several games of the <a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Football at the 2004 Summer Olympics">football tournament</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a>, while it was used as a velodrome in the <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Summer Olympics</a>. The Peace and Friendship Stadium, part of the <a href="/wiki/Faliro_Coastal_Zone_Olympic_Complex" title="Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex">Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex</a> and built in 1985 opposite to the Karaiskakis Stadium, is the second largest indoor arena in the country and one of the most impressive around Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having hosted multiply major international events in several sports, including the <a href="/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics">volleyball tournament</a> in the 2004 Athens Olympics, the <a href="/wiki/1998_FIBA_World_Championship" title="1998 FIBA World Championship">1998 FIBA World Championship</a>, the <a href="/wiki/EuroBasket_1987" title="EuroBasket 1987">EuroBasket 1987</a> and the Final Four of the <a href="/wiki/FIBA_European_Championship_1992-93" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBA European Championship 1992-93">Euroleague 1993</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Sport clubs based inside the bounders of Piraeus municipality </th></tr> <tr> <th width="150">Club </th> <th width="120">Founded </th> <th>Sports </th> <th>Achievements </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peiraikos_Syndesmos" title="Peiraikos Syndesmos">Peiraikos Syndesmos</a></td> <td>1893</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Track_and_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Track and Field">Track and Field</a></td> <td>Panhellenic titles in women basketball </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethnikos_Piraeus" title="Ethnikos Piraeus">Ethnikos</a></td> <td>1923</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a>, Basketball, Volleyball, <a href="/wiki/Water_Polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Polo">Water Polo</a> and others</td> <td>Panhellenic title in football, most time winner in Greek Water Polo </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympiacos_CFP" title="Olympiacos CFP">Olympiacos</a></td> <td>1925</td> <td>Football, Basketball, Volleyball, Water Polo, Track and Field and others</td> <td>Arguably the most successful Greek club, many titles in several sports, most time winner in Greek football and men's volleyball </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atromitos_Piraeus_F.C." title="Atromitos Piraeus F.C.">Atromitos Piraeus</a></td> <td>1926</td> <td>Football</td> <td>Presence in Gamma Ethniki </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AOF_Porfyras" title="AOF Porfyras">AOF Porfyras</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>Basketball, Volleyball</td> <td>Presence in A1 Ethniki volleyball women </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maritime_industry">Maritime industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Maritime industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Greek_shipping" title="Greek shipping">Greek shipping</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attica_06-13_Piraeus_03_Megaron_Navtikou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Attica_06-13_Piraeus_03_Megaron_Navtikou.jpg/220px-Attica_06-13_Piraeus_03_Megaron_Navtikou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Attica_06-13_Piraeus_03_Megaron_Navtikou.jpg/330px-Attica_06-13_Piraeus_03_Megaron_Navtikou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Attica_06-13_Piraeus_03_Megaron_Navtikou.jpg/440px-Attica_06-13_Piraeus_03_Megaron_Navtikou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3057" data-file-height="3146" /></a><figcaption>The building of the Maritime Retirement Fund (NAT)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akti_Miaouli_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Akti_Miaouli_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-Akti_Miaouli_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Akti_Miaouli_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-Akti_Miaouli_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Akti_Miaouli_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-Akti_Miaouli_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>Akti Miaouli at the port.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Station_of_Piraeus2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Metro_Station_of_Piraeus2.JPG/220px-Metro_Station_of_Piraeus2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Metro_Station_of_Piraeus2.JPG/330px-Metro_Station_of_Piraeus2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Metro_Station_of_Piraeus2.JPG/440px-Metro_Station_of_Piraeus2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Inside view of <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_station" title="Piraeus station">Piraeus station</a>, next to the seaport.</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to being the largest <a href="/wiki/Marine_(ocean)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine (ocean)">marine</a>–based <a href="/wiki/Shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipping">shipping</a> centre of Greece, Piraeus is also the commercial hub of <a href="/wiki/Greek_shipping" title="Greek shipping">Greek shipping</a>, with most of Greece's shipowners having offices there, largely centred around the street Akti Miaouli. In its capacities as host to Greek shipping, Piraeus has been affected significantly by the various governments of Greece. Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Greek government attempted to nationalize the proceeds of the insurance payments given to Greek shipowners who had lost vessels as a result of those vessels having been commandeered by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied Forces</a>; the insurance had been provided by <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd's of London</a> and guaranteed by the coalition of the allied forces. Although Greek shipowners ultimately won their case against the Greek government in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> courts, most were uninterested in continuing to base their headquarters in Piraeus, both out of distrust of the Greek government, and because the war had left the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Athens">Greater Athens</a> area in a state of severe poverty. As a result, Greece's shipowners left Piraeus en masse in favour of operations in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> and other major shipping cities. </p><p>Today the port of Piraeus ranks 7th in Europe and the 1st in the Mediterranean in terms of TEUs transported through it each year.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1967_military_junta">1967 military junta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1967 military junta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967-1974" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967-1974">Greek military junta of 1967-1974</a></div> <p>In 1967, when a group of colonels staged a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> against the government, in order to increase desperately needed revenues, the <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967-1974" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967-1974">junta</a> offered lavish incentives for Greek shipowners to bring their companies back to Piraeus. This included both tax incentives and other inducements, as highlighted by the fact that <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_Onassis" title="Aristotle Onassis">Aristotle Onassis</a> was allowed to purchase the entire island of <a href="/wiki/Skorpios" title="Skorpios">Skorpios</a>, which otherwise would have been a violation of Greek coastline laws. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1974_democratic_government">1974 democratic government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1974 democratic government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the junta fell in 1974, the successive democratic government generally maintained the deregulation of Greek-based shipping, and many shipowners have maintained commercial operations there since. Today, however, as a result of traffic congestion plaguing the Athens area, and the fact that most shipowners reside in the lavish northern suburbs of Athens, many shipowners have opted once again to move their bases away from Piraeus to Northern Athens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shipping_today">Shipping today</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Shipping today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the post-<a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2008 financial crisis</a> collapse of global shipping, the port was gradually acquired by China Ocean Shipping Company (<a href="/wiki/COSCO" title="COSCO">COSCO</a>), which is a <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_China" title="State-owned enterprises of China">Chinese state-owned enterprise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Curtis&Klaus-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 68">: 68 </span></sup> Under COSCO, Piraeus has become a busy port, rising from traffic of 400,000 containers in 2008 to nearly five million containers in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Curtis&Klaus-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 68">: 68 </span></sup> Most European trade with China occurs via Greek ships, including through Piraeus.<sup id="cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Curtis&Klaus-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 68">: 68 </span></sup> </p><p>With an annual number of 8,1 million passengers by 2015, Piraeus also became the EU's sixth-largest port in terms of passenger transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central port serves ferry routes to almost every island in the eastern portion of Greece, the island of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dodecanese" title="Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a>, and much of the northern and the eastern <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>, while the western part of the port is used for cargo services. The following operators serve the port: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Lines" title="Minoan Lines">Minoan Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANEK_Lines" title="ANEK Lines">ANEK Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Star_Ferries" title="Blue Star Ferries">Blue Star Ferries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Seaways" title="Hellenic Seaways">Hellenic Seaways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestyal_Cruises" title="Celestyal Cruises">Celestyal Cruises</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarch_Classic_Cruises&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarch Classic Cruises (page does not exist)">Monarch Classic Cruises</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20090412-Piraeus-FIAT-704.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/20090412-Piraeus-FIAT-704.JPG/220px-20090412-Piraeus-FIAT-704.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/20090412-Piraeus-FIAT-704.JPG/330px-20090412-Piraeus-FIAT-704.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/20090412-Piraeus-FIAT-704.JPG/440px-20090412-Piraeus-FIAT-704.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Preserved vintage trolleybus of Piraeus-Kastella line.</figcaption></figure> <p>Piraeus is served by buses and trolleybuses (OSY), <a href="/wiki/Athens_Suburban_Railway" title="Athens Suburban Railway">Suburban Railway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro" title="Athens Metro">Metro</a> Lines <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro_Line_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens Metro Line 1">1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athens_Metro_Line_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens Metro Line 3">3</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Tram" title="Athens Tram">Athens Tram</a>. <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_station" title="Piraeus station">Piraeus station</a> refers to the two railway stations (Metro, and Suburban Railway) located next to the seaport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attica_06-13_Piraeus_05_StSpyridon_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Attica_06-13_Piraeus_05_StSpyridon_Church.jpg/330px-Attica_06-13_Piraeus_05_StSpyridon_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Attica_06-13_Piraeus_05_StSpyridon_Church.jpg/500px-Attica_06-13_Piraeus_05_StSpyridon_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Attica_06-13_Piraeus_05_StSpyridon_Church.jpg/960px-Attica_06-13_Piraeus_05_StSpyridon_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="3576" /></a><figcaption>Church of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Spyridon" title="Saint Spyridon">Saint Spyridon</a>; patron saint of Piraeus</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:104_view_lighter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/104_view_lighter.jpg/330px-104_view_lighter.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/104_view_lighter.jpg/500px-104_view_lighter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/104_view_lighter.jpg/960px-104_view_lighter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="4520" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_Tower" title="Piraeus Tower">Piraeus Tower</a> after reconstruction in Piraeus</figcaption></figure> <p>Piraeus is marked by the diversity of culture among its neighbourhoods. The hill of Kastella is one of the most prosperous and attractive neighbourhoods, with a panoramic view over Athens basin and the <a href="/wiki/Saronic_Gulf" title="Saronic Gulf">Saronic Gulf</a>. Its elegance comes from its numerous neo-classical mansions, while the <a href="/wiki/Aimilios_Veakis" title="Aimilios Veakis">Veakeio</a> Theater and a church dedicated to the Prophet <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> are the most popular buildings. The coastal area of Neo <a href="/wiki/Faliro" class="mw-redirect" title="Faliro">Faliro</a> has been upgraded and is also prominent, with the <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Stadium" title="Peace and Friendship Stadium">Peace and Friendship Stadium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Karaiskakis_Stadium" title="Karaiskakis Stadium">Karaiskakis Stadium</a>, an indoor arena and a football ground respectively lying opposite one another, predominating. Mikrolimano and <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Zea" title="Bay of Zea">Bay of Zea</a>, are the smaller harbours of Piraeus acts as Marinas, attract large numbers of visitors with their picturesque vistas and vigorous nightlife. Kaminia, by contrast, is a working-class neighbourhood which still preserves the traditional look of an earlier period. The Municipal Theater in the center of Piraeus was built in 1885 and remains an impressive neo-classical building. Located across from the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Byzantine">Neo-Byzantine</a> Piraeus Cathedral, it forms one of the most renowned landmarks of the city and a popular meeting place. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rondini_Square_(Piraeus)" title="Rondini Square (Piraeus)">Rondini Square</a> is an archaeological site which forms part of the ancient city of Piraeus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Districts">Districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Agios Neilos</li> <li>Agia Sophia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freattyda" title="Freattyda">Freattyda</a></li> <li>Kallipoli</li> <li>Kaminia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastella,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastella, Greece">Kastella</a></li> <li>Maniatika</li> <li>Mikrolimano</li> <li>Terpsithea (Trouba)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cinema">Cinema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Movies filmed in Piraeus include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stella_(1955_film)" title="Stella (1955 film)">Stella (1955 film)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Angry_Hills_(film)" title="The Angry Hills (film)">The Angry Hills (film)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Never_on_Sunday" title="Never on Sunday">Never on Sunday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Lanterns" title="The Red Lanterns">The Red Lanterns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burglars" title="The Burglars">The Burglars</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Belmondo" title="Jean-Paul Belmondo">Jean-Paul Belmondo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Greece" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece">List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece</a></div> <p>Piraeus is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, United States (1982)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gala%C5%A3i" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaţi">Galaţi</a>, Romania (1985)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, France (1984)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Odesa,_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odesa, Ukraine">Odesa</a>, Ukraine (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a>, Czech Republic</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rosario" title="Rosario">Rosario</a>, Argentina</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China (1985)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia (1965)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tartus" title="Tartus">Tartus</a>, Syria (2022)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Varna</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a>, United States</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mayors_of_Piraeus">Mayors of Piraeus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Mayors of Piraeus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>Kyriakos Serfiotis (1835–1841)<sup id="cite_ref-Hadjimanolakis_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hadjimanolakis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Petros Skylitsis-Homiridis (1841–1845) and (1848–1854)</li> <li>Antonios Theoharis (1845–1848)</li> <li>Loukas Rallis (1855–1866)</li> <li>Demetrios Moutzopoulos (1866–1874)</li> <li>Tryfon Moutzopoulos (1874–1883) and (1895–1903)</li> <li>Aristides Skylitsis (1883–1887)</li> <li>Theodoros Retsinas (1887–1895)</li> <li>Pavlos Damalis (1903–1907)</li> <li>Dimosthenis Skylitsis-Homiridis (1907–1914)</li> <li>Anastasios Panagiotopoulos (1914–1932)</li> <li>Michail Rinopoulos (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_N._Miaoulis" title="Athanasios N. Miaoulis">Athanasios N. Miaoulis</a> (1932)</li> <li>Sotiris Stratigis (1932–1938)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>Michail Manoussos (1938–1941)</li> <li>Panagiotis Kyriakides (1941-1945)</li> <li>Georgios Andrianopoulos (1951–1966)</li> <li>Georgios Kyriakakos (1966–1967)</li> <li>Aristidis Skylitsis (1967–1974)</li> <li>Vasilios Zeppos (1974–1975)</li> <li>Anastasios Voulodimos (1975–1978)</li> <li>Georgios Kyriakakos (1978–1982)</li> <li>Ioannis Papaspyrou (1982–1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Andrianopoulos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreas Andrianopoulos (page does not exist)">Andreas Andrianopoulos</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Ανδρέας Ανδριανόπουλος">el</a>]</span> (1987–1990)</li> <li>Stelios Logothetis (1991–1998)</li> <li>Christos Agrapidis (1999–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Fasoulas" title="Panagiotis Fasoulas">Panagiotis Fasoulas</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li>Vasilis Michaloliakos (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yannis_Moralis_(politician)" title="Yannis Moralis (politician)">Ioannis Moralis</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Antoniadis" title="Sophia Antoniadis">Sophia Antoniadis</a>, classical scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiros_Arion" title="Spiros Arion">Spyridon Manousakis (Spiros Arion)</a>, professional wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Dalaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Giorgos Dalaras">Giorgos Dalaras</a>, singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_B._Giannakis" title="Georgios B. Giannakis">Georgios B. Giannakis</a>, computer scientist and inventor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jannis_Kounellis" title="Jannis Kounellis">Jannis Kounellis</a>, artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Kriaras" title="Emmanuel Kriaras">Emmanuel Kriaras</a>, philologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamanto_Koumbaki" title="Diamanto Koumbaki">Diamanto Koumbaki</a>, partisan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimos_Moutsis" title="Dimos Moutsis">Dimos Moutsis</a>, composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michalis_Oikonomou" title="Michalis Oikonomou">Michalis Oikonomou</a>, painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Diamantakos" title="Dimitrios Diamantakos">Dimitrios Diamantakos</a>, Footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitris_Papamichael" title="Dimitris Papamichael">Dimitris Papamichael</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katina_Paxinou" title="Katina Paxinou">Katina Paxinou</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitris_Pikionis" title="Dimitris Pikionis">Dimitris Pikionis</a>, architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitris_Rontiris" title="Dimitris Rontiris">Dimitris Rontiris</a>, actor and director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a>, Prime Minister of Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantelis_Thalassinos" title="Pantelis Thalassinos">Pantelis Thalassinos</a>, singer and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yannis_Tsarouchis" title="Yannis Tsarouchis">Yannis Tsarouchis</a>, artist and painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Vasilakos" title="Charilaos Vasilakos">Charilaos Vasilakos</a>, Olympic medalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimilios_Veakis" title="Aimilios Veakis">Aimilios Veakis</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanassis_Vengos" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanassis Vengos">Thanassis Vengos</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolis_Voskopoulos" title="Tolis Voskopoulos">Tolis Voskopoulos</a>, singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Zaccaria" title="Nicola Zaccaria">Nicola Zaccaria</a>, Greek bass</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Asilian" title="Dimitra Asilian">Dimitra Asilian</a>, water polo player</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Universities_and_institutes">Universities and institutes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Universities and institutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Piraeus" title="University of Piraeus">University of Piraeus</a>, established in 1938, operates four schools with more than 9.000 registered students.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piraeus_port_19th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piraeus in the late 19th century"><img alt="Piraeus in the late 19th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Piraeus_port_19th_century.jpg/120px-Piraeus_port_19th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Piraeus_port_19th_century.jpg/180px-Piraeus_port_19th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Piraeus_port_19th_century.jpg/240px-Piraeus_port_19th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2945" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piraeus in the late 19th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piraeus_map_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Piraeus, 1908"><img alt="Map of Piraeus, 1908" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Piraeus_map_1908.jpg/120px-Piraeus_map_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Piraeus_map_1908.jpg/250px-Piraeus_map_1908.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Piraeus, 1908</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lion_of_Piraeus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A modern copy of the "Piraeus Lion""><img alt="A modern copy of the "Piraeus Lion"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Lion_of_Piraeus.JPG/90px-Lion_of_Piraeus.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Lion_of_Piraeus.JPG/135px-Lion_of_Piraeus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Lion_of_Piraeus.JPG/180px-Lion_of_Piraeus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A modern copy of the "<a href="/wiki/Piraeus_Lion" title="Piraeus Lion">Piraeus Lion</a>"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piraeus_Kastella1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Kastella"><img alt="View of Kastella" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Piraeus_Kastella1.JPG/120px-Piraeus_Kastella1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Piraeus_Kastella1.JPG/180px-Piraeus_Kastella1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Piraeus_Kastella1.JPG/240px-Piraeus_Kastella1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of <a href="/wiki/Kastella,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastella, Greece">Kastella</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piraeus_-_church_of_saint_Nicholas_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The church of St. Nicholas"><img alt="The church of St. Nicholas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Piraeus_-_church_of_saint_Nicholas_02.jpg/120px-Piraeus_-_church_of_saint_Nicholas_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Piraeus_-_church_of_saint_Nicholas_02.jpg/250px-Piraeus_-_church_of_saint_Nicholas_02.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3229" data-file-height="2646" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The church of St. Nicholas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karaiskakis_Faliro_monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument to Georgios Karaiskakis"><img alt="Monument to Georgios Karaiskakis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Karaiskakis_Faliro_monument.jpg/71px-Karaiskakis_Faliro_monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Karaiskakis_Faliro_monument.jpg/107px-Karaiskakis_Faliro_monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Karaiskakis_Faliro_monument.jpg/142px-Karaiskakis_Faliro_monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1734" data-file-height="2919" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monument to <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Karaiskakis" title="Georgios Karaiskakis">Georgios Karaiskakis</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agios_Konstantinos_Piraeus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of Sts. Constantine and Helen"><img alt="Church of Sts. Constantine and Helen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Agios_Konstantinos_Piraeus.JPG/120px-Agios_Konstantinos_Piraeus.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Agios_Konstantinos_Piraeus.JPG/180px-Agios_Konstantinos_Piraeus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Agios_Konstantinos_Piraeus.JPG/240px-Agios_Konstantinos_Piraeus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church of Sts. Constantine and Helen</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Attica" title="List of settlements in Attica">List of settlements in Attica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Never_on_Sunday" title="Never on Sunday">Never on Sunday</a></i> – Film set in Piraeus</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_and_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Tintin and the Golden Fleece">Tintin and the Golden Fleece</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mayor-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mayor_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/d/home/en/municipalities/9205/">Municipality of Piraeus, Municipal elections – October 2023</a>, Ministry of Interior</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census21-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census21_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census21_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census21_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census21_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/17286366/MON_PLI_DHM_OIKISN_2021.xlsx">"Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό"</a> [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1+%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D+-+%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD+2021%2C+%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC+%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C&rft.pub=Hellenic+Statistical+Authority&rft.date=2024-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fdocuments%2F20181%2F17286366%2FMON_PLI_DHM_OIKISN_2021.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiraeus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNational_Statistical_Service_of_Greece2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/National_Statistical_Service_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Statistical Service of Greece">National Statistical Service of Greece</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_01_0002_00054.pdf"><bdi lang="el">Στατιστική Επετηρίδα της Ελλάδος 2002</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Greek). <a href="/wiki/National_Statistical_Service_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Statistical Service of Greece">National Statistical Service of Greece</a>. p. 54. <q>The table includes the urban areas of Greece, officially defined by the <a href="/wiki/National_Statistical_Service_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Statistical Service of Greece">National Statistical Service of Greece</a>, powered by the Ministry of Finance of Greece. The municipality of Piraeus and its greater area belong to the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Athens Urban Area">Athens Urban Area</a> ("Greater Athens") (Πολεοδομικό Συγκρότημα Αθηνών).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82+2002&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=National+Statistical+Service+of+Greece&rft.date=2002&rft.au=National+Statistical+Service+of+Greece&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdlib.statistics.gr%2FBook%2FGRESYE_01_0002_00054.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiraeus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/GRC_Port_of_Piraeus_1041.php">"Port of Piraeus"</a>. <i>World Port Source</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+King%27s+Way+Festival%2C+Piraeus&rft.pub=www.planetware.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetware.com%2Fpiraeus%2Fthree-kings-way-festival-gr-cen-trion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiraeus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628083127/http://www.breathtakingathens.com/node/4393">"Allou Fun Park"</a>. www.breathtakingathens.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breathtakingathens.com/node/4393">the original</a> on 28 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Allou+Fun+Park&rft.pub=www.breathtakingathens.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breathtakingathens.com%2Fnode%2F4393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiraeus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.athens-today.com/e-olimpica_faliro.htm">"Athens 21st Century – The Olympic Coastal Complex"</a>. athens-today.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athens+21st+Century+%E2%80%93+The+Olympic+Coastal+Complex&rft.pub=athens-today.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.athens-today.com%2Fe-olimpica_faliro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiraeus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQianqianDavarinou2019" class="citation journal cs1">Qianqian, Liu; Davarinou, Polyxeni (19 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/">"Sino-Greek Economic Cooperation: COSCO's Investment in the Port of Piraeus"</a>. <i>IDS Bulletin</i>. <b>50</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.19088%2F1968-2019.141">10.19088/1968-2019.141</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1759-5436">1759-5436</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214026339">214026339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IDS+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Sino-Greek+Economic+Cooperation%3A+COSCO%27s+Investment+in+the+Port+of+Piraeus&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214026339%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1759-5436&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.19088%2F1968-2019.141&rft.aulast=Qianqian&rft.aufirst=Liu&rft.au=Davarinou%2C+Polyxeni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulletin.ids.ac.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiraeus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greece.greekreporter.com/2018/05/31/greeces-port-of-piraeus-ranked-7th-largest-in-europe/">"Greece's Port of Piraeus Ranked 7th Largest in Europe"</a>. 31 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greece%27s+Port+of+Piraeus+Ranked+7th+Largest+in+Europe&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreece.greekreporter.com%2F2018%2F05%2F31%2Fgreeces-port-of-piraeus-ranked-7th-largest-in-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiraeus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Curtis&Klaus-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurtisKlaus2024" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Simon; Klaus, Ian (2024). <i>The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order</i>. New Haven and London: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300266900" title="Special:BookSources/9780300266900"><bdi>9780300266900</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Belt+and+Road+City%3A+Geopolitics%2C+Urbanization%2C+and+China%27s+Search+for+a+New+International+Order&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9780300266900&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Klaus%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiraeus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=File:Top_20_passenger_ports_in_2015_-_on_the_basis_of_number_of_passengers_embarked_and_disembarked_(in_1000).png">"Top 20 passenger ports in 2015 - on the basis of number of passengers embarked and disembarked (In 1000)"</a>. <i>ec.europa.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Top+20+passenger+ports+in+2015+-+on+the+basis+of+number+of+passengers+embarked+and+disembarked+%28In+1000%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fstatistics-explained%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DFile%3ATop_20_passenger_ports_in_2015_-_on_the_basis_of_number_of_passengers_embarked_and_disembarked_%28in_1000%29.png&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiraeus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://piraeus.gov.gr/%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82-%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82/">"Αδελφοποιμένες Πόλεις"</a>. <i>piraeus.gov.gr</i> (in Greek). Piraeus<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=piraeus.gov.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%91%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpiraeus.gov.gr%2F%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BB%25CF%2586%25CE%25BF%25CF%2580%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AD%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B5%25CF%2582-%25CF%2580%25CF%258C%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B9%25CF%2582%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiraeus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWarnerFinley1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rex_Warner" title="Rex Warner">Warner, Rex</a>; <a href="/wiki/Moses_I._Finley" class="mw-redirect" title="Moses I. Finley">Finley, Moses I.</a> (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qtu1RgcsELoC"><i>History of the Peloponnesian War</i></a>. Penguin Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-044039-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-044039-9"><bdi>0-14-044039-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Peloponnesian+War&rft.pub=Penguin+Classics&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-14-044039-9&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Rex&rft.au=Finley%2C+Moses+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqtu1RgcsELoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiraeus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Steinhauer, G. 2007. “The Piraeus bronze statues". In Great Moments in Greek Archaeology, edited by P. Valavanis, translated by D. Hardy, 326-31. Los Angeles: Getty Publications.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piraeus&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Piraeus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Piraeus">Piraeus</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Piraeus#Q58976" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Piraeus">Piraeus</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Piraeus" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Piraeus">Piraeus</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.piraeus.org/">Piraeus Information</a><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ferry.travel/en/ports/piraeus/">Ferries to Piraeus</a>(with map)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pireasnet.gr/">Municipality of Piraeus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029124158/http://www.pireasnet.gr/">Archived</a> 2007-10-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Greek)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olp.gr/">Piraeus Port Authority</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Greek and English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.destinationpiraeus.com/">Destination Piraeus: Sightseeing & Entertainment Guide by the Municipality of Piraeus</a> (Greek) (English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pireaspiraeus.com/">News about Piraeus</a> (Greek) (English)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Piraeus26" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Piraeus26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Piraeus</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keratsini" title="Keratsini">Keratsini</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikaia,_Attica" title="Nikaia, Attica">Nikaia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agios_Ioannis_Rentis" class="mw-redirect" title="Agios Ioannis Rentis">Agios Ioannis Rentis</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Drapetsona" title="Drapetsona">Drapetsona</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Piraeus</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Moschato" title="Moschato">Moschato</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Saronic_Gulf" title="Saronic Gulf">Saronic Gulf</a></i></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Attica_Region822" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Attica" title="Template:Attica"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Attica" title="Template talk:Attica"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Attica" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Attica"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Attica_Region822" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Greece" title="Administrative divisions of Greece">Administrative divisions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Attica_(region)" title="Attica (region)">Attica</a> Region</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>Area</dt> <dd>3,808 km<sup>2</sup> (1,470 sq mi)</dd> <dt>Population</dt> <dd>3,827,624 (as of 2011)</dd> <dt>Municipalities</dt> <dd>66 (since <a href="/wiki/Kallikratis_Programme" title="Kallikratis Programme">2011</a>)</dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Central_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="Central Athens (regional unit)">Central Athens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafni-Ymittos" title="Dafni-Ymittos">Dafni-Ymittos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Filadelfeia-Nea_Chalkidona" title="Nea Filadelfeia-Nea Chalkidona">Nea Filadelfeia-Nea Chalkidona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatsi" title="Galatsi">Galatsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilioupoli" title="Ilioupoli">Ilioupoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisariani" title="Kaisariani">Kaisariani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyronas" title="Vyronas">Vyronas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zografou" title="Zografou">Zografou</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Periferia_Attikis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Periferia_Attikis.png/120px-Periferia_Attikis.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Periferia_Attikis.png/180px-Periferia_Attikis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Periferia_Attikis.png/240px-Periferia_Attikis.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/North_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="North Athens (regional unit)">North Athens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Paraskevi" title="Agia Paraskevi">Agia Paraskevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalandri" title="Chalandri">Chalandri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filothei-Psychiko" title="Filothei-Psychiko">Filothei-Psychiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irakleio,_Attica" title="Irakleio, Attica">Irakleio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifissia" title="Kifissia">Kifissia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykovrysi-Pefki" title="Lykovrysi-Pefki">Lykovrysi-Pefki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marousi" title="Marousi">Marousi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamorfosi" title="Metamorfosi">Metamorfosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Ionia" title="Nea Ionia">Nea Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papagou-Cholargos" title="Papagou-Cholargos">Papagou-Cholargos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penteli,_Greece" title="Penteli, Greece">Penteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrilissia" title="Vrilissia">Vrilissia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/West_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="West Athens (regional unit)">West Athens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Varvara" title="Agia Varvara">Agia Varvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agioi_Anargyroi-Kamatero" title="Agioi Anargyroi-Kamatero">Agioi Anargyroi-Kamatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigaleo" title="Aigaleo">Aigaleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidari" title="Haidari">Haidari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilion,_Greece" title="Ilion, Greece">Ilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristeri" title="Peristeri">Peristeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroupoli" title="Petroupoli">Petroupoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/South_Athens_(regional_unit)" title="South Athens (regional unit)">South Athens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Dimitrios" title="Agios Dimitrios">Agios Dimitrios </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alimos" title="Alimos">Alimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliniko-Argyroupoli" title="Elliniko-Argyroupoli">Elliniko-Argyroupoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyfada" title="Glyfada">Glyfada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moschato-Tavros" title="Moschato-Tavros">Moschato-Tavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Smyrni" title="Nea Smyrni">Nea Smyrni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaio_Faliro" title="Palaio Faliro">Palaio Faliro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_(regional_unit)" title="Piraeus (regional unit)">Piraeus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keratsini-Drapetsona" title="Keratsini-Drapetsona">Keratsini-Drapetsona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korydallos" title="Korydallos">Korydallos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikaia-Agios_Ioannis_Renti" title="Nikaia-Agios Ioannis Renti">Nikaia-Agios Ioannis Renti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perama" title="Perama">Perama</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piraeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/East_Attica" title="East Attica">East Attica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acharnes" title="Acharnes">Acharnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysos,_Greece" title="Dionysos, Greece">Dionysos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kropia" title="Kropia">Kropia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavreotiki" title="Lavreotiki">Lavreotiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markopoulo_Mesogaias" title="Markopoulo Mesogaias">Markopoulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oropos" title="Oropos">Oropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiania" title="Paiania">Paiania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallini" title="Pallini">Pallini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafina-Pikermi" title="Rafina-Pikermi">Rafina-Pikermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saronikos,_Attica" title="Saronikos, Attica">Saronikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spata-Artemida" title="Spata-Artemida">Spata-Artemida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vari-Voula-Vouliagmeni" title="Vari-Voula-Vouliagmeni">Vari-Voula-Vouliagmeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/West_Attica" title="West Attica">West Attica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspropyrgos" title="Aspropyrgos">Aspropyrgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyli" title="Fyli">Fyli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandra-Eidyllia" title="Mandra-Eidyllia">Mandra-Eidyllia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional unit of <a href="/wiki/Islands_(regional_unit)" title="Islands (regional unit)">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina" title="Aegina">Aegina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agistri" title="Agistri">Agistri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(island)" title="Hydra (island)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kythira" title="Kythira">Kythira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poros" title="Poros">Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamis_Island" title="Salamis Island">Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spetses" title="Spetses">Spetses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troizinia-Methana" title="Troizinia-Methana">Troizinia-Methana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>Regional governor</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Giorgios_Patoulis" title="Giorgios Patoulis">Giorgios Patoulis</a></dd> <dt>Decentralized Administration</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Administration_of_Attica" title="Decentralized Administration of Attica">Attica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Landmarks_of_Piraeus34" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Landmarks_of_Piraeus" title="Template:Landmarks of Piraeus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Landmarks_of_Piraeus" title="Template talk:Landmarks of Piraeus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Landmarks_of_Piraeus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Landmarks of Piraeus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Landmarks_of_Piraeus34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Landmarks of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piraeus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Piraeus" title="Archaeological Museum of Piraeus">Archaeological Museum of Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Zea" title="Bay of Zea">Bay of Zea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetioneia_Gate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eetioneia Gate (page does not exist)">Eetioneia Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Triada_Cathedral,_Piraeus" title="Hagia Triada Cathedral, Piraeus">Hagia Triada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Maritime_Museum" title="Hellenic Maritime Museum">Hellenic Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichia" title="Munichia">Kastella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaiskakis_Stadium" title="Karaiskakis Stadium">Karaiskakis Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korais_Square&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korais Square (page does not exist)">Korais Square</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrolimano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrolimano (page does not exist)">Mikrolimano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Art_Gallery_of_Piraeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Art Gallery of Piraeus">Municipal Art Gallery of Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Theatre_of_Piraeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Theatre of Piraeus">Municipal Theatre of Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Stadium" title="Peace and Friendship Stadium">Peace and Friendship Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Piraeus" title="Port of Piraeus">Port of Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veakeio_Theater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veakeio Theater (page does not exist)">Veakeio Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piraeus_Lion" title="Piraeus Lion">Piraeus Lion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_seafaring220" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_seafaring" title="Template:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_seafaring" title="Template talk:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_seafaring" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_seafaring220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_seafaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient seafaring">Ancient seafaring</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Vessels220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">Vessels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_(boat)" title="Bangka (boat)">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beden" title="Beden">Beden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracle" title="Coracle">Coracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">Dhow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_boat" title="Dragon boat">Dragon boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_canoe" title="Dugout canoe">Dugout canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">Fire ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">Galley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penteconter" title="Penteconter">Penteconter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27unlun_po" class="mw-redirect" title="K'unlun po">Kunlun ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liburna" title="Liburna">Liburna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">Longship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multihull" title="Multihull">Multihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navis_lusoria" title="Navis lusoria">Navis lusoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obelisk_ship" title="Obelisk ship">Obelisk ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">Outriggers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">Sakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-outrigger" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-outrigger">Single-outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimaran" title="Trimaran">Trimaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Polyremes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bireme" title="Bireme">Bireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic-era_warships" title="Hellenistic-era warships">Oared warships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">Trireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrireme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrireme">Quadrireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquereme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinquereme">Quinquereme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexareme" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexareme">Hexareme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessarakonteres" title="Tessarakonteres">Tessarakonteres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raft" title="Raft">Raft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_boat" title="Reed boat">Reed boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">Sailing ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_ships" title="Ancient Egyptian royal ships">Solar ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomol" title="Tomol">Tomol</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kitimu" title="Tākitimu">Tākitimu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru_(boat)" title="Uru (boat)">Uru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">by region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_vessels#History" title="Austronesian vessels">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_navy" title="Ancient Egyptian navy">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_navy" title="Achaemenid navy">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ships_of_ancient_Rome" title="Ships of ancient Rome">Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marine_propulsion" title="Marine propulsion">Propulsion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paddling" title="Paddling">Paddling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towpath" title="Towpath">Towing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poling_(watercraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poling (watercraft)">Poling </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor" title="Anchor">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_(watercraft)" title="Bow (watercraft)">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabin_(ship)" title="Cabin (ship)">Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurehead_(object)" title="Figurehead (object)">Figurehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">Hull</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building#Construction_materials_and_methods" title="Boat building">Planking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">Keel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">Mast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddle" title="Paddle">Paddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">Rudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder#History_of_the_rudder" title="Rudder">Steering oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail" title="Sail">Sail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sail_components" title="Sail components">Sail components</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_(ship)" title="Stem (ship)">Stem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternpost" title="Sternpost">Sternpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strake" title="Strake">Strake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_boat#Boat_design_/_steering" title="Nile boat">Tiller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building" title="Boat building">Boat building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careening" title="Careening">Careening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvel_(boat_building)" title="Carvel (boat building)">Carvel built</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinker_(boat_building)" title="Clinker (boat building)">Clinker built</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dugout (boat)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques#Framed_boat" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Framing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques#Frame-first" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Frame-first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques#Shell-first" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Shell-first</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joinery" title="Joinery">Joinery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lashed-lug_boat" title="Lashed-lug boat">Lashed-lug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">Mortise and tenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_joints" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenician joints">Phoenician joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf_joint" title="Scarf joint">Scarf joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewn_boat" title="Sewn boat">Sewn-plank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li>By region: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_technology#Navigation_and_ship_building" title="Ancient Egyptian technology">Egypt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rigging" title="Rigging">Rigging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">Crab claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore-and-aft_rig" title="Fore-and-aft rig">Fore-and-aft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">Lateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settee_(sail)" title="Settee (sail)">Settee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Tanja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triangular_sail_rig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triangular sail rig (page does not exist)">Triangular sail</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_rig" title="Junk rig">Junk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast-aft_rig" title="Mast-aft rig">Mast-aft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritsail" title="Spritsail">Spritsail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_rig" title="Square rig">Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catapult" title="Catapult">Catapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvus_(boarding_device)" title="Corvus (boarding device)">Corvus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_(weapon)" title="Dolphin (weapon)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">Fire ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpax" title="Harpax">Harpax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ram" title="Naval ram">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca_(siege_engine)" title="Sambuca (siege engine)">Sambuca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_shipwrecks" title="Archaeology of shipwrecks">Wrecks<br />and relics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_before_Anno_Domini" title="List of shipwrecks before Anno Domini">Earliest</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufuna_canoe" title="Dufuna canoe">Dufuna canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abydos_boats" title="Abydos boats">Abydos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor_Sand_site" title="Moor Sand site">Moor Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokos_shipwreck" title="Dokos shipwreck">Dokos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu_ship" title="Khufu ship">Khufu ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferriby_Boats" title="Ferriby Boats">Ferriby Boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_Bronze_Age_Boat" title="Dover Bronze Age Boat">Dover Bronze Age Boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluburun_shipwreck" title="Uluburun shipwreck">Uluburun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_shipwreck" title="Canaanite shipwreck">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Gelidonya#Bronze_Age_shipwreck" title="Cape Gelidonya">Cape Gelidonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambratija_shipwreck" title="Zambratija shipwreck">Zambratija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreck_of_Rochelongue" title="Wreck of Rochelongue">Rochelongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjortspring_boat" title="Hjortspring boat">Hjortspring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontian_boat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontian boat (page does not exist)">Pontian boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay#Butuan_boats" title="Balangay">Butuan boats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Black_Sea_shipwrecks" title="Ancient Black Sea shipwrecks">Black Sea‎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinop_D" title="Sinop D">Sinop D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_Punic_shipwreck" title="Marsala Punic shipwreck">Marsala</a></li> <li>Greek: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon_shipwrecks" title="Ashkelon shipwrecks">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrenia ship">Kyrenia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leontophoros" title="Leontophoros">Leontophoros</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syracusia" title="Syracusia">Syracusia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Canaanite and Phoenician: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajo_de_la_Campana_Phoenician_shipwreck" title="Bajo de la Campana Phoenician shipwreck">Bajo de la Campana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_shipwreck" title="Canaanite shipwreck">Canaanite shipwreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozo_Phoenician_shipwreck" title="Gozo Phoenician shipwreck">Gozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27agan_Michael_Ship" title="Ma'agan Michael Ship">Ma'agan Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_shipwrecks_of_Mazarr%C3%B3n" title="Phoenician shipwrecks of Mazarrón">Mazarrón</a></li></ul></li> <li>Punic: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_Punic_shipwreck" title="Marsala Punic shipwreck">Marsala Punic shipwreck</a></li></ul></li> <li>Roman: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alkedo" title="Alkedo">Alkedo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arles_Rh%C3%B4ne_3" title="Arles Rhône 3">Arles Rhône 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_shipwrecks" title="Blackfriars shipwrecks">Blackfriars I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula%27s_Giant_Ship" title="Caligula's Giant Ship">Caligula's Giant Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ships_of_De_Meern" title="The Ships of De Meern">De Meern ships</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isis_(ship)" title="Isis (ship)">Isis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madrague_de_Giens_(shipwreck)" title="Madrague de Giens (shipwreck)">Madrague de Giens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemi_ships" title="Nemi ships">Nemi ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_ship_of_Marausa" title="Roman ship of Marausa">Marausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassi_Ada" title="Yassi Ada">Yassi Ada</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nordic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nydam_Mose" title="Nydam Mose">Nydam ship</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lists: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_surviving_ships" title="List of oldest surviving ships">Oldest surviving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museum_ships" title="List of museum ships">Museum ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_ancient_ships" title="List of surviving ancient ships">Surviving ancient ships</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Navigation,_and_ports_and_harbors220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Navigation, and ports and harbors</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marine_navigation" title="Marine navigation">Navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">Celestial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography" title="History of cartography">Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal navigation">Coastal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighthouses">Lighthouses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_navigation" title="History of navigation">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swell_(ocean)#Navigation" title="Swell (ocean)">Ocean swell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Stick chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periplus" title="Periplus">Periplus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piloting" title="Piloting">Piloting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_boat" title="Pilot boat">Pilot boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_pilot" title="Maritime pilot">Maritime pilot</a></li></ul></li> <li>By region: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_navigation" title="Inuit navigation">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Port#Historical_ports" title="Port">Ports</a> and<br />harbors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actium" title="Actium">Actium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adulis" title="Adulis">Adulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Port" title="Alexandria Port">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Cyrenaica)" title="Apollonia (Cyrenaica)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Aradus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arikamedu" title="Arikamedu">Arikamedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_(Gulf_of_Suez)" title="Arsinoe (Gulf of Suez)">Arsinoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalites" title="Avalites">Avalites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarikon" title="Barbarikon">Barbarikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharuch" title="Bharuch">Barygaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_Troglodytica" title="Berenice Troglodytica">Berenice Troglodytica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosphorus">Bosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canopus,_Egypt" title="Canopus, Egypt">Canopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civitavecchia#History" title="Civitavecchia">Centumcellae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charmutha" title="Charmutha">Charmutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essina" title="Essina">Essina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi" title="Jiaozhi">Giao Chỉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godavaya" title="Godavaya">Godavaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Guangzhou" title="Port of Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Jambukola" title="Port of Jambukola">Jambukola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puhar,_Mayiladuthurai" class="mw-redirect" title="Puhar, Mayiladuthurai">Kaveri Poompattinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korkai" title="Korkai">Korkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Leptis Magna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothal#Dockyard" title="Lothal">Lothal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manthai" title="Manthai">Manthai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malao" title="Malao">Malao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersa_Gawasis" title="Mersa Gawasis">Mersa Gawasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myos_Hormos" title="Myos Hormos">Myos Hormos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mottama" title="Mottama">Martaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonburi_province" title="Chonburi province">Mueang Phra Rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisida" title="Nisida">Nesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93c_Eo" title="Óc Eo">Óc Eo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cattigara" title="Cattigara">Cattigara</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opone" title="Opone">Opone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Ancient_and_medieval_times">Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portus" title="Portus">Portus Augusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisa#Ancient_times" title="Pisa">Portus Pisanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphorion_Harbour" title="Prosphorion Harbour">Prosphorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais_Theron" title="Ptolemais Theron">Ptolemais Theron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozzuoli" title="Pozzuoli">Puteoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qal%27at_al-Bahrain" title="Qal'at al-Bahrain">Qal'at al-Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qandala" title="Qandala">Qandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhacotis" title="Rhacotis">Rhacotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarapion" title="Sarapion">Sarapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathing_Phra_district" title="Sathing Phra district">Satingpra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonargaon" title="Sonargaon">Sounagoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulum" title="Tulum">Tulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndis" title="Tyndis">Tyndis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Jarf" title="Wadi al-Jarf">Wadi al-Jarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zanzibar" title="History of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="History220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_maritime_history" title="Ancient maritime history">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_prehistory" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime prehistory">Prehistory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_timeline#Prehistory" title="Maritime timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania#Prehistory_of_Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_culture" title="Sa Huỳnh culture">Sa Huỳnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutai" title="Kutai">Kutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarumanagara" title="Tarumanagara">Tarumanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalingga_kingdom" title="Kalingga kingdom">Kalingga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Kingdom" title="Sunda Kingdom">Sunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan Civilization">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilakam" title="Tamilakam">Tamilakam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty">Chera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Somalia" title="Maritime history of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilmun" title="Dilmun">Dilmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmecs" title="Olmecs">Olmecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian civilization">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_city-states" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek city-states">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Nabatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_maritime_migration_and_exploration" title="Timeline of maritime migration and exploration">Migration and<br />exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Australia">Peopling of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Micronesia">Peopling of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Migration_from_Taiwan" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian Expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_pre-Roman_Gaul" title="Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul">Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_exploration" title="Ocean exploration">Ocean exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenician_maritime_expansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenician maritime expansion (page does not exist)">Phoenician maritime expansion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician%E2%80%93Punic_Sardinia" title="Phoenician–Punic Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II#Phoenician_expedition" title="Necho II">Circumnavigation of Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas#Voyage_to_Britain" title="Pytheas">Pytheas' voyage to Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola" title="Gnaeus Julius Agricola">Roman circumnavigation of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_maritime_migration_and_exploration" title="Timeline of maritime migration and exploration">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mariners and<br />explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henenu_(high_steward)" title="Henenu (high steward)">Henenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymenes" title="Euthymenes">Euthymenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_the_Navigator" title="Hanno the Navigator">Hanno the Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himilco" title="Himilco">Himilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sataspes" title="Sataspes">Sataspes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androsthenes_of_Thasos" title="Androsthenes of Thasos">Androsthenes of Thasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archias_of_Pella" title="Archias of Pella">Archias of Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megasthenes" title="Megasthenes">Megasthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Fu" title="Xu Fu">Xu Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippalus" title="Hippalus">Hippalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cyzicus" title="Eudoxus of Cyzicus">Eudoxus of Cyzicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maes_Titianus" title="Maes Titianus">Maes Titianus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">Navies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_navy" title="Ancient Egyptian navy">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_navy" title="Achaemenid navy">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare#Naval_tactics" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_navy" title="Roman navy">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_battles" title="List of naval battles">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Mediterranean:</b>   <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Alashiya" title="Battles of Alashiya">Alashiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Delta" title="Battle of the Delta">Nile Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemisium" title="Battle of Artemisium">Artemisium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eurymedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Eurymedon">Eurymedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naupactus" title="Battle of Naupactus">Naupactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Olpae" title="Battle of Olpae">Olpae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Expedition" title="Sicilian Expedition">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cynossema" title="Battle of Cynossema">Cynossema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arginusae" title="Battle of Arginusae">Arginusae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mytilene_(406_BC)" title="Battle of Mytilene (406 BC)">Mytilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hellespont" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Hellespont">Hellespont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Echinades_(322_BC)" title="Battle of the Echinades (322 BC)">Echinades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)" title="Battle of Salamis (306 BC)">Salamis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mylae" title="Battle of Mylae">Mylae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Hermaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cape Hermaeum">Cape Hermaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ecnomus" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ecnomus">Ecnomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drepana" title="Battle of Drepana">Drepana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Aegates" title="Battle of the Aegates">Aegates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Trasimene" title="Battle of Lake Trasimene">Lake Trasimene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(201_BC)" title="Battle of Chios (201 BC)">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myonessus" title="Battle of Myonessus">Myonessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naulochus" title="Battle of Naulochus">Naulochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mycale" title="Battle of Mycale">Mycale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Actium" title="Battle of Actium">Actium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tactics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">Boarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappling_hook" title="Grappling hook">Grappling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">Incendiaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oared_vessel_tactics" title="Oared vessel tactics">Oared vessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship_tactics" title="Sailing ship tactics">Sailing ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare#Naval_tactics" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Greek navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramming" title="Ramming">Ramming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_exploration" title="Chinese exploration">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Odisha" title="Maritime history of Odisha">Odisha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ships_of_ancient_Rome" title="Ships of ancient Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritime_history_of_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritime history of South America (page does not exist)">South America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_rafts" title="Pre-Columbian rafts">Rafts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Economy_and_trade220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy and <a href="/wiki/Trade#Ancient_history" title="Trade">trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_whaling" title="History of whaling">Whaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fishing" title="History of fishing">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_trade" title="Ancient Egyptian trade">Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Punt" title="Land of Punt">Land of Punt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Mesopotamia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo–Mesopotamia relations">Indo–Mesopotamia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha">Meluhha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_sources_and_trade_in_ancient_times#Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin sources and trade in ancient times">Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">Spice trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Southeast_Asia#Early_historical_era" title="History of Southeast Asia">Austronesian network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Huynh-Kalanay_Interaction_Sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere">Sa Huynh-Kalanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense_trade_route" title="Incense trade route">Incense trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Silk_Road" title="Maritime Silk Road">Maritime Silk Road</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_trade_in_the_Maya_civilization" title="Maritime trade in the Maya civilization">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Greece#Trade" title="Economy of ancient Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece%E2%80%93Ancient_India_relations#Trade" title="Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations">Greco–Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_shipping" title="Greek shipping">shipping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_commerce#Sea_routes" title="Roman commerce">Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Roman_trade_relations" title="Indo-Roman trade relations">Indo–Roman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Piracy220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Piracy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy#History" title="Piracy">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mediterranean_piracy" title="Ancient Mediterranean piracy">Mediterranean piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameinias_the_Phocian" title="Ameinias the Phocian">Ameinias the Phocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilician_pirates" title="Cilician pirates">Cilician pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_pirates#Piracy_in_the_ancient_world:_pirates_of_Joppa" title="Jewish pirates">Jewish pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Julius_Caesar#Kidnapping_by_pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Early life and career of Julius Caesar">Kidnapping of Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompey%27s_campaign_against_the_pirates" title="Pompey's campaign against the pirates">Pompey's campaign against the pirates</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Research_and_education220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Research and education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Blackman" title="David Blackman">David Blackman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Casson" title="Lionel Casson">Lionel Casson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fik_Meijer" title="Fik Meijer">Fik Meijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sinclair_Morrison" title="John Sinclair Morrison">John Sinclair Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ledyard_Rodgers" title="William Ledyard Rodgers">William L. Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Starr" title="Chester G. Starr">Chester G. Starr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Empereur" title="Jean-Yves Empereur">Jean-Yves Empereur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Rankov" title="Boris Rankov">Boris Rankov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Richard_Steffy" title="J. Richard Steffy">J. Richard Steffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Throckmorton" title="Peter Throckmorton">Peter Throckmorton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shelley_Wachsmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shelley Wachsmann (page does not exist)">Shelley Wachsmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics<br />and theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_and_fortification" title="Coastal defence and fortification">Coastal defence and fortification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">Lighthouses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_of_Alexandria" title="Lighthouse of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_art" title="Marine art">Marine art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_navigation" title="Marine navigation">Marine navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_archaeology" title="Maritime archaeology">Maritime archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare#Mediterranean_Sea" title="Naval warfare">Naval warfare</a></li> <li>Maritime temples <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Isthmia" title="Temple of Isthmia">Temple of Isthmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Poseidon,_Sounion" title="Temple of Poseidon, Sounion">Temple of Poseidon, Sounion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace temple complex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusantao_Maritime_Trading_and_Communication_Network" title="Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network">Nusantao network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Phoenician_discovery_of_the_Americas" title="Theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas">Phoenician discovery of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Pre-Columbian theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden#Shells" title="Midden">Shell middens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_burial" title="Ship burial">Ship burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacking_(sailing)" title="Tacking (sailing)">Tacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">Thalassocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_archaeology" title="Underwater archaeology">Underwater archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_exploration" title="Underwater exploration">Underwater exploration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H3_(Kuwait)" title="H3 (Kuwait)">H3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qal%27at_al-Bahrain" title="Qal'at al-Bahrain">Qal'at al-Bahrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental<br />archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ship_replica" title="Ship replica">Ship replica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl">Heyerdahl expeditions</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_expedition" title="Kon-Tiki expedition">Kon-Tiki</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl#Boats_Ra_and_Ra_II" title="Thor Heyerdahl"><i>Ra</i> and <i>Ra II</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>Austronesian replicas <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarimanok_(vinta)" title="Sarimanok (vinta)">Sarimanok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Te_Au_o_Tonga" title="Te Au o Tonga">Te Au o Tonga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBiloa#Canoe" title="Hawaiʻiloa">Hawaiʻiloa canoe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samudra_Raksa" title="Samudra Raksa">Samudra Raksa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">Saina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay#Balangay_Voyage" title="Balangay">Balangay Voyage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafaite" title="Faʻafaite">Faʻafaite</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaualofa" title="Gaualofa">Gaualofa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marumaru_Atua" title="Marumaru Atua">Marumaru Atua</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Mediterranean <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Olympias_(trireme)" title="Olympias (trireme)">Olympias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navis_lusoria#Other_reconstructions" title="Navis lusoria">Regina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_Ship_Expedition" title="Phoenician Ship Expedition">Phoenician Ship Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_ship_replica" title="Viking ship replica">Viking replicas</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_(replica_Viking_longship)" title="Viking (replica Viking longship)">Viking</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vital_Alsar_Pacific_raft_expeditions" title="Vital Alsar Pacific raft expeditions">Vital Alsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivlia_(ship)" title="Ivlia (ship)"><i>Ivlia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abora_(expeditions)" title="Abora (expeditions)">Abora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viracocha_expedition" title="Viracocha expedition">Viracocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangaroa_Expedition" title="Tangaroa Expedition">Tangaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferriby_Boats#Oakleaf" title="Ferriby Boats">Oakleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferriby_Boats#Morgawr" title="Ferriby Boats">Morgawr</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes and <br />conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Council_on_Underwater_Archaeology" title="Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology">Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Institute_of_America" title="Archaeological Institute of America">Archaeological Institute of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Association_of_Archaeologists" title="European Association of Archaeologists">European Association of Archaeologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Nautical_Archaeology" title="Institute of Nautical Archaeology">Institute of Nautical Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Maritime_Museums" title="International Congress of Maritime Museums">International Congress of Maritime Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Society" title="Nautical Archaeology Society">Nautical Archaeology Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPM_Nautical_Foundation" title="RPM Nautical Foundation">RPM Nautical Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Research_Society" title="Sea Research Society">Sea Research Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Archaeology" title="Society for American Archaeology">Society for American Archaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and<br />memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_Museum,_Kolkata" title="Boat Museum, Kolkata">Boat Museum, Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle#Museum_of_Underwater_Archaeology" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giza_Solar_boat_museum" title="Giza Solar boat museum">Giza Solar boat museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Egyptian_Museum" title="Grand Egyptian Museum">Grand Egyptian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_Castle#Shipwreck_museum" title="Kyrenia Castle">Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Ancient_Seafaring" title="Museum of Ancient Seafaring">Museum of Ancient Seafaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Ancient_Ships,_Pisa" title="Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa">Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Subaquatic_Archaeology" title="National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology">National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology</a></li> <li>Viking ship museums: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Oslo)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)">Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Roskilde)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)">Roskilde</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Legend_and_literature220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Legend and literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">Legend</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_bulrushes" title="Ark of bulrushes">Ark of bulrushes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flood_myths" title="List of flood myths">Flood myths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myth" title="Gilgamesh flood myth">Gilgamesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_flood_myths" title="Ancient Greek flood myths">Greek</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)"><i>Histories</i> (Herodotus)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Ocean_(Pytheas)" class="mw-redirect" title="On the Ocean (Pytheas)">On the Ocean</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Polybius)" title="Histories (Polybius)"><i>Histories</i> (Polybius)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58976#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1627" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58976#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1627" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58976#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/167769040">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy4jPxxbG7YK9trvvfg8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4115976-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82080083">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12042664n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12042664n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Pireus (Řecko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1008349&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007550509405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/6ab5ffb9-ce25-49d2-aefa-ae55a3d397a9">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/580062">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028630238">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045570">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>78 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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